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Mukherjee A, Breselge S, Dimidi E, Marco ML, Cotter PD. Fermented foods and gastrointestinal health: underlying mechanisms. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:248-266. [PMID: 38081933 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00869-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Although fermentation probably originally developed as a means of preserving food substrates, many fermented foods (FFs), and components therein, are thought to have a beneficial effect on various aspects of human health, and gastrointestinal health in particular. It is important that any such perceived benefits are underpinned by rigorous scientific research to understand the associated mechanisms of action. Here, we review in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo studies that have provided insights into the ways in which the specific food components, including FF microorganisms and a variety of bioactives, can contribute to health-promoting activities. More specifically, we draw on representative examples of FFs to discuss the mechanisms through which functional components are produced or enriched during fermentation (such as bioactive peptides and exopolysaccharides), potentially toxic or harmful compounds (such as phytic acid, mycotoxins and lactose) are removed from the food substrate, and how the introduction of fermentation-associated live or dead microorganisms, or components thereof, to the gut can convey health benefits. These studies, combined with a deeper understanding of the microbial composition of a wider variety of modern and traditional FFs, can facilitate the future optimization of FFs, and associated microorganisms, to retain and maximize beneficial effects in the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Breselge
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eirini Dimidi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Maria L Marco
- Department of Food Science & Technology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Paul D Cotter
- Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Cork, Ireland.
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland.
- VistaMilk, Cork, Ireland.
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2
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Liu C, Yu C, Song G, Fan X, Peng S, Zhang S, Zhou X, Zhang C, Geng X, Wang T, Cheng W, Zhu W. Comprehensive analysis of miRNA-mRNA regulatory pairs associated with colorectal cancer and the role in tumor immunity. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:724. [PMID: 38036953 PMCID: PMC10688136 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09635-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNA (miRNA) which can act as post-transcriptional regulators of mRNAs via base-pairing with complementary sequences within mRNAs is involved in processes of the complex interaction between immune system and tumors. In this research, we elucidated the profiles of miRNAs and target mRNAs expression and their associations with the phenotypic hallmarks of colorectal cancers (CRC) by integrating transcriptomic, immunophenotype, methylation, mutation and survival data. RESULTS We conducted the analysis of differential miRNA/mRNA expression profile by GEO, TCGA and GTEx databases and the correlation between miRNA and targeted mRNA by miRTarBase and TarBase. Then we detected using qRT-PCR and validated the diagnostic value of miRNA-mRNA regulator pairs by the ROC, calibration curve and DCA. Phenotypic hallmarks of regulatory pairs including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor microenvironment, tumor mutation burden, global methylation and gene mutation were also described. The expression levels of miRNAs and target mRNAs were detected in 80 paired colon tissue samples. Ultimately, we picked up two pivotal regulatory pairs (miR-139-5p/ STC1 and miR-20a-5p/ FGL2) and verified the diagnostic value of the complex model which is the combination of 4 signatures above-mentioned in 3 testing GEO datasets and an external validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS We found that 2 miRNAs by targeting 2 metastasis-related mRNAs were correlated with tumor-infiltrating macrophages, HRAS, and BRAF gene mutation status. Our results established the diagnostic model containing 2 miRNAs and their respective targeted mRNAs to distinguish CRCs and normal controls and displayed their complex roles in CRC pathogenesis especially tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guoxin Song
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Xingchen Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Shuang Peng
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Xin Zhou
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Science and Technology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Xiangnan Geng
- Department of Clinical Engineer, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Tongshan Wang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu
| | - Wenfang Cheng
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, 210029, China, Jiangsu.
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Shi DD, Fang YJ, Jiang YL, Dong T, Zhang ZL, Ma T, Zhou RL, Ou QJ, Zhang CX. Serum levels of n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1239-1249. [PMID: 36746393 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Circulating n-3 PUFA, which integrate endogenous and exogenous n-3 PUFA, can be better used to investigate the relationship between n-3 PUFA and disease. However, studies examining the associations between circulating n-3 PUFA and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk were limited, and the results remained inconclusive. This case–control study aimed to examine the association between serum n-3 PUFA and CRC risk in Chinese population. A total of 680 CRC cases and 680 sex- and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were included. Fatty acids were assayed by GC. OR and 95 % CI were calculated using multivariable logistic regression after adjustment for potential confounders. Higher level of serum α-linolenic acid (ALA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were associated with lower odds of CRC. The adjusted OR and 95 % CI were 0·34 (0·24, 0·49, Pfor trend < 0·001) for ALA, 0·57 (0·40, 0·80, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DPA, 0·48 (0·34, 0·68, Pfor trend < 0·001) for DHA, 0·39 (0·27, 0·56, Pfor trend < 0·001) for long-chain n-3 PUFA and 0·31 (0·22, 0·45, Pfor trend < 0·001) for total n-3 PUFA comparing the highest with the lowest quartile. However, there was no statistically significant association between EPA and odds of CRC. Analysis stratified by sex showed that ALA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of CRC in both sexes. This study indicated that serum ALA, DPA, DHA, long-chain n-3 PUFA and total n-3 PUFA were inversely associated with odds of having CRC in Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Jing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ling Jiang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuo-Lin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruo-Lin Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou510060, People's Republic of China
| | - Cai-Xia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou510080, People's Republic of China
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Gębarowski T, Wiatrak B, Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska I, Grajzer M, Prescha A. Oils from Transgenic Flax Lines as Potential Chemopreventive Agents in Colorectal Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2592. [PMID: 37761033 PMCID: PMC10527327 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major global health concern, and the need for effective chemopreventive agents is paramount. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of oils from transgenically modified flax for the prevention of colorectal cancer, in relation to the oil concertation. Flaxseed oils were obtained from traditional (Nike) and genetically modified flax lines (M and B). Cell viability assays were performed on various cancer cell lines, including colon adenocarcinoma cells. Flaxseed oil B exhibited the strongest anti-proliferative properties compared to the reference drugs and other oils. Additionally, M and B oils showed enhanced accumulation of Rhodamine 123 and increased apoptosis in colorectal cancer cells. M oil exhibited the highest levels of p53 protein. Notably, the tested transgenic oils did not induce metastasis and displayed stronger inhibition of COX-1 compared to COX-2. These data indicate the utility of flaxseed oils, especially from the M line, as adjuvants in colorectal cancer treatment, targeting the colon specifically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Biostructure and Animal Physiology, The Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Kożuchowska 1/3, 51-631 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Izabela Jęśkowiak-Kossakowska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Mikulicza-Radeckiego 2, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Grajzer
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anna Prescha
- Department of Dietetics and Bromatology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.G.); (A.P.)
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Guo Z, Bergeron KF, Lingrand M, Mounier C. Unveiling the MUFA-Cancer Connection: Insights from Endogenous and Exogenous Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9921. [PMID: 37373069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) have been the subject of extensive research in the field of cancer due to their potential role in its prevention and treatment. MUFAs can be consumed through the diet or endogenously biosynthesized. Stearoyl-CoA desaturases (SCDs) are key enzymes involved in the endogenous synthesis of MUFAs, and their expression and activity have been found to be increased in various types of cancer. In addition, diets rich in MUFAs have been associated with cancer risk in epidemiological studies for certain types of carcinomas. This review provides an overview of the state-of-the-art literature on the associations between MUFA metabolism and cancer development and progression from human, animal, and cellular studies. We discuss the impact of MUFAs on cancer development, including their effects on cancer cell growth, migration, survival, and cell signaling pathways, to provide new insights on the role of MUFAs in cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Guo
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
| | - Karl-Frédérik Bergeron
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
| | - Marine Lingrand
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Catherine Mounier
- Biological Sciences Department, Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC H3P 3P8, Canada
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Wu Q, Shi D, Dong T, Zhang Z, Ou Q, Fang Y, Zhang C. Serum Saturated Fatty Acids including Very Long-Chain Saturated Fatty Acids and Colorectal Cancer Risk among Chinese Population. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15081917. [PMID: 37111137 PMCID: PMC10141165 DOI: 10.3390/nu15081917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between circulating saturated fatty acids (SFAs) including very long-chain SFAs (VLCSFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk has not been clearly established. To investigate the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk in Chinese population, 680 CRC cases and 680 sex and age-matched (5-year interval) controls were recruited in our study. Serum levels of SFAs were detected by gas chromatography. Unconditional logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between serum SFAs and CRC risk. Results showed that total SFAs were positively associated with the risk of CRC (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.47-4.74). However, VLCSFAs were inversely associated with CRC risk (adjusted OR quartile 4 vs. 1 = 0.51, 95%CI: 0.36-0.72). Specifically, lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, heptadecanoic acid, and arachidic acid were positively associated with CRC risk, while behenic acid and lignoceric acid were inversely associated with CRC risk. This study indicates that higher levels of total serum SFAs and lower levels of serum VLCSFAs were associated with an increased risk of CRC in Chinese population. To reduce the risk of CRC, we recommend reducing the intake of foods containing palmitic acid and heptadecanoic acid such as animal products and dairy products, and moderately increasing the intake of foods containing VLCSFAs such as peanuts and canola oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qixin Wu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Dandan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ting Dong
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Zhuolin Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Yujing Fang
- Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Centre, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Centre for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Caixia Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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7
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Zhou H, Chen Y, Xiao Y, Wu Q, Li H, Li Y, Su G, Ke L, Wu J, Li J. Evaluation of the ability of fatty acid metabolism signature to predict response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and prognosis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1050721. [PMID: 36505493 PMCID: PMC9729334 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1050721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is widely used to treat patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), and treatment responses vary. Fatty acid metabolism (FAM) is closely associated with carcinogenesis and cancer progression. In this study, we investigated the vital role of FAM on the gut microbiome and metabolism in the context of cancer. We screened 34 disease-free survival (DFS)-related, FAM-related, and radiosensitivity-related genes based on the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Subsequently, we developed a five-gene FAM-related signature using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator Cox regression model. The FAM-related signature was also validated in external validation from Fujian Cancer Hospital for predicting nCRT response, DFS, and overall survival (OS). Notably, patients with a low-risk score were associated with pathological complete response and better DFS and OS outcomes. A comprehensive evaluation of the tumor microenvironment based on the FAM-related signature revealed that patients with high-risk scores were closely associated with activating type I interferon response and inflammation-promoting functions. In conclusion, our findings indicate the potential ability of FAM to predict nCRT response and the prognosis of DFS and OS in patients with LARC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanping Chen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yu Xiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qian Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Guangjian Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Longfeng Ke
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Junxin Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinluan Li, ; Junxin Wu,
| | - Jinluan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Clinical Oncology School of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou, China,*Correspondence: Jinluan Li, ; Junxin Wu,
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Association between Dietary Fatty Acid Patterns and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Large-Scale Case-Control Study in China. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14204375. [PMID: 36297059 PMCID: PMC9610713 DOI: 10.3390/nu14204375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of dietary fatty acids with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) remain controversial. The objective of this study was to examine whether dietary-derived fatty acid patterns were related to CRC risk among Chinese people. A total of 2806 CRC patients and 2806 frequency-matched controls were interviewed in this case-control study between July 2010 and May 2021. A food frequency questionnaire was used to gather information on dietary intake. Four fatty acid patterns were identified using factor analysis. The even-long-chain fatty acid pattern had no statistically significant association with CRC risk (adjusted Odds ratio (aOR), 1.16; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.97–1.39; ptrend = 0.129). However, significant inverse associations were found between the medium-chain and long-chain saturated fatty acid (SFA) pattern (aOR, 0.34; 95%CI, 0.27–0.42), the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.73; 95%CI, 0.60–0.88), the odd-chain fatty acid pattern (aOR, 0.69; 95%CI, 0.57–0.83), and CRC risk. The interaction between fatty acid patterns and sex was observed, and the association between the highly unsaturated fatty acid pattern and CRC risk differed by subsite. In conclusion, increasing the intakes of foods rich in medium-chain SFAs, highly unsaturated fatty acids, and odd-chain fatty acids may be related to a lower risk of CRC.
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Shekari S, Fathi S, Roumi Z, Akbari ME, Tajadod S, Afsharfar M, Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh N, Bourbour F, Keshavarz SA, Sotoudeh M, Gholamalizadeh M, Nemat Gorgani S, Shafaei Kachaei H, Alizadeh A, Doaei S. Association between dietary intake of fatty acids and colorectal cancer, a case-control study. Front Nutr 2022; 9:856408. [PMID: 36263307 PMCID: PMC9576465 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.856408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association of dietary fat and colorectal cancer (CRC) was frequently reported. However, few studies assessed the effects of different types of dietary fats on CRC. This study aimed to investigate the association between intakes of different types of dietary fatty acids with colorectal cancer risk. Methods This case-control study was conducted on 480 participants including 160 CRC cases and 320 healthy controls in Firoozgar Hospital, Tehran, Iran. The intake of dietary fatty acids of the participants was assessed using a semi quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Results The mean intake of cholesterol (273.07 ± 53.63 vs. 254.17 ± 61.12, P = 0.001), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (16.54 ± 4.20 vs. 15.41 ± 4.44, P = 0.012), and calorie (2,568.76 ± 404.48 vs. 2,493.38 ± 176.03, P = 0.006) was higher and the mean intake of oleic acid (5.59 ± 3.17 vs. 8.21 ± 5.46) and linoleic acid (6.03 ± 3.44 vs. 7.02 ± 4.08, P = 0.01) was lower in the case group compared to the control group. An inverse association was found between colorectal cancer (CRC) and dietary intake of oleic acid (OR: 0.85, CI 95% 0.80–0.90, P = 0.001), linoleic acid (OR: 0.85, CI 95% 0.78–0.93, P = 0.001), and α-linolenic acid (OR: 0.75, CI 95% 0.57–0.98, P = 0.04). The association remained significant after adjusting for age and sex, sleep, smoking, and alcohol consumption, and BMI. Conclusions The results of this study support a protective effect of oleic acid, linoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid against CRC. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Shekari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soroor Fathi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Roumi
- Department of Nutrition, Electronic Health and Statistics Surveillance Research Center, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Shirin Tajadod
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Afsharfar
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Naeemeh Hasanpour Ardekanizadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bourbour
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Keshavarz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetic, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahtab Sotoudeh
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Gholamalizadeh
- Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Nemat Gorgani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Atiyeh Alizadeh
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Doaei
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Saeid Doaei
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Salita T, Rustam YH, Mouradov D, Sieber OM, Reid GE. Reprogrammed Lipid Metabolism and the Lipid-Associated Hallmarks of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14153714. [PMID: 35954376 PMCID: PMC9367418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third-most diagnosed cancer and the second-leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Limitations in early and accurate diagnosis of CRC gives rise to poor patient survival. Advancements in analytical techniques have improved our understanding of the cellular and metabolic changes occurring in CRC and potentiate avenues for improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Lipids are metabolites with important biological functions; however, their role in CRC is poorly understood. Here, we provide an in-depth review of the recent literature concerning lipid alterations in CRC and propose eight lipid metabolism-associated hallmarks of CRC. Abstract Lipids have diverse structures, with multifarious regulatory functions in membrane homeostasis and bioenergetic metabolism, in mediating functional protein–lipid and protein–protein interactions, as in cell signalling and proliferation. An increasing body of evidence supports the notion that aberrant lipid metabolism involving remodelling of cellular membrane structure and changes in energy homeostasis and signalling within cancer-associated pathways play a pivotal role in the onset, progression, and maintenance of colorectal cancer (CRC) and their tumorigenic properties. Recent advances in analytical lipidome analysis technologies have enabled the comprehensive identification and structural characterization of lipids and, consequently, our understanding of the role they play in tumour progression. However, despite progress in our understanding of cancer cell metabolism and lipidomics, the key lipid-associated changes in CRC have yet not been explicitly associated with the well-established ‘hallmarks of cancer’ defined by Hanahan and Weinberg. In this review, we summarize recent findings that highlight the role of reprogrammed lipid metabolism in CRC and use this growing body of evidence to propose eight lipid metabolism-associated hallmarks of colorectal cancer, and to emphasize their importance and linkages to the established cancer hallmarks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Salita
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.S.); (Y.H.R.)
- Personalized Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Yepy H. Rustam
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.S.); (Y.H.R.)
| | - Dmitri Mouradov
- Personalized Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Oliver M. Sieber
- Personalized Oncology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Correspondence: (O.M.S.); (G.E.R.)
| | - Gavin E. Reid
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; (T.S.); (Y.H.R.)
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Bio21 Molecular Science & Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Correspondence: (O.M.S.); (G.E.R.)
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11
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Dai ZB, Ren XL, Xue YL, Tian Y, He BB, Xu CL, Yang B. Association of Dietary Intake and Biomarker of α-Linolenic Acid With Incident Colorectal Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:948604. [PMID: 35873423 PMCID: PMC9301188 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.948604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective There is keen interest in better understanding the impacts of alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-derived n-3 fatty acid, in ameliorating the development of cancer; however, results of several prospective cohorts present an inconsistent association between ALA intake and the incident colorectal cancer (CRC). We aimed to investigate the summary association of dietary intake and biomarkers of ALA with CRC risk based on the prospective cohorts. Methods Pertinent prospective cohorts were identified in Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE from inception to February 2022. Study-specific risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for comparing the top with the bottom quartiles of ALA levels were combined using a random-effects model. Nonlinear dose-response relationships of ALA levels in diet and blood with CRC risk were assessed using the restricted cubic spline models, respectively. Results Over the duration of follow-up with a median of 9.3 years ranging from 1 to 28 years, 12,239 CRC cases occurred among 861,725 participants from 15 cohorts (11 studies on diet and 5 studies on biomarkers including 4 on blood and 1 on adipose tissue). The summary RR was 1.03 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.10; I2: 0.00%) for dietary intake and 0.83 (95% CI: 0.69, 0.99; I2: 0.00%) for biomarker. Each 0.1% increase in the levels of ALA in blood was associated with a 10% reduction in risk of CRC (summary RR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.80, 0.99; I2: 38.60%), whereas no significant dose-response association was found between dietary intake of ALA and the incident CRC (p for non-linearity = 0.18; p for linearity = 0.24). Conclusions Blood levels of ALA were inversely and linearly associated with the risk of CRC, which suggested that increased intake of ALA to improve circulating levels was beneficial for CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Dai
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Ren
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi-Lang Xue
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya Tian
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Bing-Bing He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chang-Long Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Chang-Long Xu
| | - Bo Yang
- Institute of Lipids Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Yang
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12
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Jiang H, Wang L, Wang D, Yan N, Li C, Wu M, Wang F, Mi B, Chen F, Jia W, Liu X, Lv J, Liu Y, Lin J, Ma L. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid biomarkers and risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, cancer, and mortality. Clin Nutr 2022; 41:1798-1807. [PMID: 35830775 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2022.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Considerable attention has focused on the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, which has led to dietary recommendations to increase omega-3 fatty acid intake. A meta-analysis was conducted to summarize evidence from prospective studies regarding associations between omega-3 PUFA biomarkers and risk of developing major chronic diseases. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched for articles from inception to March 1, 2022. Random-effects model was used to estimate the pooled relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association of omega-3 PUFAs, including α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), with risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular disease (CVD), including coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke, cancer, and mortality. The Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation assessment tool was used to rates the confidence in estimates. RESULTS A total of 67 prospective studies comprised of 310,955 participants were identified. Individual omega-3 PUFAs showed divergent associations with the study outcomes of interest. A significant inverse association with T2D risk was observed across categories of ALA (relative risk [RR]: 0.89, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.82-0.96), EPA (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.72-0.99) and DPA (RR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.73-0.96) biomarkers. The marine-origin omega-3 fatty acids biomarkers but not ALA was significantly associated with lower risks of total CVD, CHD, and overall mortality, with RRs ranging from 0.70 for DHA-CHD association to 0.85 for EPA-CHD association. A lower risk of colorectal cancer was observed at higher levels of DPA (RR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59-0.98) and DHA (RR: 0.80; 95% CI: 0.65-0.99), whereas no association was noted for other outcomes. In addition, a dose-response relationship was observed between an increasing level of EPA, DPA, or DHA biomarker and lower risk of CVD. CONCLUSIONS Higher concentrations of marine-derived omega-3 PUFA biomarkers were associated with a significantly reduced risk of total CVD, CHD, and total mortality. Levels of ALA were inversely associated with a lower risk of T2D but not CVD-related outcomes. These data support the dietary recommendations advocating the role of omega-3 PUFAs in maintaining an overall lower risk of developing cardiovascular disease and premature deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Jiang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Lina Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Duolao Wang
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ni Yan
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Min Wu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Baibing Mi
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Fangyao Chen
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Wanru Jia
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiaxin Lv
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Jing Lin
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China.
| | - Le Ma
- School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China; Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases (Xi'an Jiaotong University), Ministry of Education of China, Xi'an, China.
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13
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14
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Aldoori J, Cockbain AJ, Toogood GJ, Hull MA. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: moving towards precision use for prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. Gut 2022; 71:822-837. [PMID: 35115314 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2021-326362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Data from experimental studies have demonstrated that marine omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (O3FAs) have anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. In the last decade, large-scale randomised controlled trials of pharmacological delivery of O3FAs and prospective cohort studies of dietary O3FA intake have continued to investigate the relationship between O3FA intake and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk and mortality. Clinical data suggest that O3FAs have differential anti-CRC activity depending on several host factors (including pretreatment blood O3FA level, ethnicity and systemic inflammatory response) and tumour characteristics (including location in the colorectum, histological phenotype (eg, conventional adenoma or serrated polyp) and molecular features (eg, microsatellite instability, cyclooxygenase expression)). Recent data also highlight the need for further investigation of the effect of O3FAs on the gut microbiota as a possible anti-CRC mechanism, when used either alone or in combination with other anti-CRC therapies. Overall, these data point towards a precision approach to using O3FAs for optimal prevention and treatment of CRC based on mechanistic understanding of host, tumour and gut microbiota factors that predict anticancer activity of O3FAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Aldoori
- Gastrointestinal & Surgical Sciences, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Andrew J Cockbain
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Giles J Toogood
- Hepatobiliary Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - Mark A Hull
- Gastrointestinal & Surgical Sciences, Leeds Institute of Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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15
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Watanabe D, Murakami H, Ohno H, Tanisawa K, Konishi K, Todoroki-Mori K, Tsunematsu Y, Sato M, Ogata Y, Miyoshi N, Kubota N, Kunisawa J, Wakabayashi K, Kubota T, Watanabe K, Miyachi M. Stool pattern is associated with not only the prevalence of tumorigenic bacteria isolated from fecal matter but also plasma and fecal fatty acids in healthy Japanese adults. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:196. [PMID: 34182940 PMCID: PMC8240356 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02255-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colibactin-producing Escherichia coli containing polyketide synthase (pks+ E. coli) has been shown to be involved in colorectal cancer (CRC) development through gut microbiota analysis in animal models. Stool status has been associated with potentially adverse gut microbiome profiles from fecal analysis in adults. We examined the association between stool patterns and the prevalence of pks+ E. coli isolated from microbiota in fecal samples of 224 healthy Japanese individuals. RESULTS Stool patterns were determined through factorial analysis using a previously validated questionnaire that included stool frequency, volume, color, shape, and odor. Factor scores were classified into tertiles. The prevalence of pks+ E. coli was determined by using specific primers for pks+ E. coli in fecal samples. Plasma and fecal fatty acids were measured via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The prevalence of pks+ E. coli was 26.8%. Three stool patterns identified by factorial analysis accounted for 70.1% of all patterns seen (factor 1: lower frequency, darker color, and harder shape; factor 2: higher volume and softer shape; and factor 3: darker color and stronger odor). Multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of the prevalence of pks+ E. coli for the highest versus the lowest third of the factor 1 score was 3.16 (1.38 to 7.24; P for trend = 0.006). This stool pattern exhibited a significant positive correlation with fecal isobutyrate, isovalerate, valerate, and hexanoate but showed a significant negative correlation with plasma eicosenoic acid and α-linoleic acid, as well as fecal propionate and succinate. No other stool patterns were significant. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that stool patterns may be useful in the evaluation of the presence of tumorigenic bacteria and fecal fatty acids through self-monitoring of stool status without the requirement for specialist technology or skill. Furthermore, it may provide valuable insight about effective strategies for the early discovery of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Watanabe
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Haruka Murakami
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Harumi Ohno
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kumpei Tanisawa
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kana Konishi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Kikue Todoroki-Mori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsunematsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Michio Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Yuji Ogata
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Miyoshi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Naoto Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan
| | - Jun Kunisawa
- Laboratory of Vaccine Materials, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research, and Laboratory of Gut Environmental System, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Osaka, 567-0085, Japan
| | - Keiji Wakabayashi
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kubota
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan.,Intestinal Microbiota Project, Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology, Kanagawa, 243-0435, Japan.,Division of Diabetes and Metabolism, The Institute for Medical Science, Asahi Life Foundation, Tokyo, 103-0002, Japan
| | - Kenji Watanabe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan
| | - Motohiko Miyachi
- Department of Physical Activity Research, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), Tokyo, 162-8636, Japan. .,Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama, 359-1192, Japan.
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16
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Linseisen J, Grundmann N, Zoller D, Kühn T, Jansen EHJM, Chajès V, Fedirko V, Weiderpass E, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Tjønneland A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Rothwell JA, Severi G, Kaaks R, Schulze MB, Aleksandrova K, Sieri S, Panico S, Tumino R, Masala G, De Marco L, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, Vermeulen R, Gram IT, Skeie G, Chirlaque MD, Ardanaz E, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Wennberg M, Bodén S, Perez-Cornago A, Aglago EK, Gunter MJ, Jenab M, Heath AK, Nieters A. Red Blood Cell Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2021; 30:874-885. [PMID: 33619024 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-20-1426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of evidence suggests that alterations of dietary fatty acid (FA) profiles are associated with colorectal cancer risk. However, data from large-scale epidemiologic studies using circulating FA measurements to objectively assess individual FA and FA categories are scarce. METHODS We investigate the association between red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs and risk of colorectal cancer in a case-control study nested within a large prospective cohort. After a median follow-up of 6.4 years, 1,069 incident colorectal cancer cases were identified and matched to 1,069 controls among participants of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). The FA composition of RBC phospholipids (in mol%) was analyzed by gas chromatography, and their association with risk of colorectal cancer was estimated by multivariable adjusted conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After correction for multiple testing, subjects with higher concentrations of RBC stearic acid were at higher risk for colorectal cancer (OR = 1.23; 95% CI = 1.07-1.42, per 1 mol%). Conversely, colorectal cancer incidence decreased with increasing proportions of RBC n-3 PUFA, particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (0.75; 0.62-0.92, per 1 mol%). The findings for the n-6 PUFA arachidonic acid were inconsistent. CONCLUSIONS The positive association between prediagnostic RBC stearic acid and colorectal cancer reflects putative differences in FA intake and metabolism between cancer cases and matched controls, which deserve further investigation. The inverse relationship between EPA and colorectal cancer is in line with the repeatedly reported protective effect of fish consumption on colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT These findings add to the evidence on colorectal cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Linseisen
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany.
- Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Nina Grundmann
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Dorothee Zoller
- Chair of Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, at UNIKA-T, Augsburg, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eugène H J M Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Veronique Chajès
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Diet, Genes and Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations (CESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1018, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
- Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications (DISIA), University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Cancer Epidemiology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sabina Sieri
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Laura De Marco
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza Hospital and CPO Piemonte, Turin, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Roel Vermeulen
- Division of Environmental Epidemiology, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Inger T Gram
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - María-Dolores Chirlaque
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Catalan Institute of Oncology - ICO, Nutrition and Cancer Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-José Sánchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Section of Sustainable Health, Nutritional Research, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Stina Bodén
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology unit, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Elom K Aglago
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Mazda Jenab
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Alicia K Heath
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- Institute of Immunodeficiency, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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17
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Aglago EK, Murphy N, Huybrechts I, Nicolas G, Casagrande C, Fedirko V, Weiderpass E, Rothwell JA, Dahm CC, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Kaaks R, Katzke V, Schulze MB, Masala G, Agnoli C, Panico S, Tumino R, Sacerdote C, Bueno-de-Mesquita BH, Derksen JWG, Skeie G, Gram IT, Brustad M, Jakszyn P, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Ericson U, Wennberg M, Perez-Cornago A, Heath AK, Jenab M, Chajes V, Gunter MJ. Dietary intake and plasma phospholipid concentrations of saturated, monounsaturated and trans fatty acids and colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:865-882. [PMID: 33913149 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies examining the association between specific fatty acids and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk are inconclusive. We investigated the association between dietary estimates and plasma levels of individual and total saturated (SFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), industrial-processed trans (iTFA), and ruminant-sourced trans (rTFA) fatty acids, and CRC risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Baseline fatty acid intakes were estimated in 450 112 participants (6162 developed CRC, median follow-up = 15 years). In a nested case-control study, plasma phospholipid fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography in 433 colon cancer cases and 433 matched controls. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox and conditional logistic regression, respectively. Dietary total SFA (highest vs lowest quintile, HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.80; 95%CI:0.69-0.92), myristic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.83, 95%CI:0.74-0.93) and palmitic acid (HRQ5vsQ1 = 0.81, 95%CI:0.70-0.93) were inversely associated with CRC risk. Plasma myristic acid was also inversely associated with colon cancer risk (highest vs lowest quartile, ORQ4vsQ1 = 0.51; 95%CI:0.32-0.83), whereas a borderline positive association was found for plasma stearic acid (ORQ4vsQ1 = 1.63; 95%CI:1.00-2.64). Dietary total MUFA was inversely associated with colon cancer (per 1-SD increment, HR1-SD = 0.92, 95%CI: 0.85-0.98), but not rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.04, 95%CI:0.95-1.15, Pheterogeneity = 0.027). Dietary iTFA, and particularly elaidic acid, was positively associated with rectal cancer (HR1-SD = 1.07, 95%CI:1.02-1.13). Our results suggest that total and individual saturated fatty acids and fatty acids of industrial origin may be relevant to the aetiology of CRC. Both dietary and plasma myristic acid levels were inversely associated with colon cancer risk, which warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Geneviève Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Joseph A Rothwell
- CESP, Faculté de médecine-Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Giovanna Masala
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network -ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Claudia Agnoli
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Provincial Health Authority (ASP 7), Ragusa, Italy
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Città della Salute e della Scienza University-Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Bas H Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Former senior scientist, Dept. for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W G Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guri Skeie
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Inger Torhild Gram
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO-IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain
- Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José María Huerta
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ulrika Ericson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alicia K Heath
- School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization, Lyon, France
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18
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Răchieriu C, Eniu DT, Moiş E, Graur F, Socaciu C, Socaciu MA, Hajjar NA. Lipidomic Signatures for Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis and Progression Using UPLC-QTOF-ESI +MS. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11030417. [PMID: 33799830 PMCID: PMC8035671 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolomics coupled with bioinformatics may identify relevant biomolecules such as putative biomarkers of specific metabolic pathways related to colorectal diagnosis, classification and prognosis. This study performed an integrated metabolomic profiling of blood serum from 25 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases previously classified (Stage I to IV) compared with 16 controls (disease-free, non-CRC patients), using high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-ESI+ MS). More than 400 metabolites were separated and identified, then all data were processed by the advanced Metaboanalyst 5.0 online software, using multi- and univariate analysis, including specificity/sensitivity relationships (area under the curve (AUC) values), enrichment and pathway analysis, identifying the specific pathways affected by cancer progression in the different stages. Several sub-classes of lipids including phosphatidylglycerols (phosphatidylcholines (PCs), phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and PAs), fatty acids and sterol esters as well as ceramides confirmed the “lipogenic phenotype” specific to CRC development, namely the upregulated lipogenesis associated with tumor progression. Both multivariate and univariate bioinformatics confirmed the relevance of some putative lipid biomarkers to be responsible for the altered metabolic pathways in colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu Răchieriu
- Surgery Department, County Hospital Alba, 510118 Alba Iulia, Romania;
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Octavian Fodor”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (F.G.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Dan Tudor Eniu
- Oncology Department, Iuliu Hațieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Emil Moiş
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Octavian Fodor”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (F.G.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Florin Graur
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Octavian Fodor”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (F.G.); (N.A.H.)
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Research Center for Applied Biotechnology in Diagnosis and Molecular Therapy, 400478 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Mihai Adrian Socaciu
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Octavian Fodor”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (F.G.); (N.A.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.S.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Nadim Al Hajjar
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology “Octavian Fodor”, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.M.); (F.G.); (N.A.H.)
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19
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Gumpenberger T, Brezina S, Keski-Rahkonen P, Baierl A, Robinot N, Leeb G, Habermann N, Kok DEG, Scalbert A, Ueland PM, Ulrich CM, Gsur A. Untargeted Metabolomics Reveals Major Differences in the Plasma Metabolome between Colorectal Cancer and Colorectal Adenomas. Metabolites 2021; 11:119. [PMID: 33669644 PMCID: PMC7922413 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic colorectal cancer is characterized by a multistep progression from normal epithelium to precancerous low-risk and high-risk adenomas to invasive cancer. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanisms of colorectal carcinogenesis are not completely understood. Within the "Metabolomic profiles throughout the continuum of colorectal cancer" (MetaboCCC) consortium we analyzed data generated by untargeted, mass spectrometry-based metabolomics using plasma from 88 colorectal cancer patients, 200 patients with high-risk adenomas and 200 patients with low-risk adenomas recruited within the "Colorectal Cancer Study of Austria" (CORSA). Univariate logistic regression models comparing colorectal cancer to adenomas resulted in 442 statistically significant molecular features. Metabolites discriminating colorectal cancer patients from those with adenomas in our dataset included acylcarnitines, caffeine, amino acids, glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, bilirubin, bile acids and bacterial metabolites of tryptophan. The data obtained discovers metabolite profiles reflecting metabolic differences between colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas and delineates a potentially underlying biological interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Gumpenberger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefanie Brezina
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Pekka Keski-Rahkonen
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Andreas Baierl
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Nivonirina Robinot
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Gernot Leeb
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Oberpullendorf, 7350 Oberpullendorf, Austria;
| | - Nina Habermann
- Division of Preventive Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany;
- Genome Biology, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dieuwertje E G Kok
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & Research, 6708 Wageningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France; (P.K.-R.); (N.R.); (A.S.)
| | | | - Cornelia M Ulrich
- Population Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA;
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84108, USA
| | - Andrea Gsur
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (T.G.); (S.B.)
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20
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Lust CAC, Bi X, Henry CJ, Ma DWL. Development of Fatty Acid Reference Ranges and Relationship with Lipid Biomarkers in Middle-Aged Healthy Singaporean Men and Women. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020435. [PMID: 33572735 PMCID: PMC7911367 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fatty acids (FA) are essential for overall human health, yet individual FA reference ranges have yet to be established. Developing individual FA reference ranges can provide context to reported concentrations and whether an individual displays deficient, or excess amounts of FA. Reference ranges of sixty-seven individual FA (μmol/L) were profiled and analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector from serum samples collected from 476 middle-aged Singaporean males (BMI:23.3 ± 2.9) and females (BMI:21.8 ± 3.6). Measures of triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and total cholesterol (TC) (mmol/L) were also collected. The mean FA concentration seen in this cohort (11,458 ± 2478 was similar to that of overweight North American cohorts assessed in past studies. Ten biologically relevant FA were compared between sexes, with females exhibiting significantly higher concentrations in four FA (p < 0.05). A multiple regression model revealed the ten FA contributed significantly to nearly all lipid biomarkers (p < 0.05). A majority of participants who had FA concentrations in the ≥95th percentile also exhibited TG, HDL, LDL, and TC levels in the “high” risk classification of developing cardiovascular disease. Future studies profiling individual FA reference ranges in many unique, global cohorts are necessary to develop cut-off values of individual FA concentrations highly related to disease-risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A. C. Lust
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
| | - Xinyan Bi
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
| | - Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
- Clinical Nutrition Research Centre (CNRC), Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation (SIFBI), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 14 Medical Drive #07-02, MD 6 Building, Singapore 117599, Singapore; (X.B.); (C.J.H.)
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore
| | - David W. L. Ma
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Nath M, Bhattacharjee K, Choudhury Y. Vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, reduces betel-nut induced carcinogenesis in female mice. Life Sci 2020; 266:118870. [PMID: 33310040 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Betel-nut, a popular masticatory among Southeast Asian populations is a class I carcinogen, previously associated with dyslipidemia and aberrant lipid metabolism, and is reported to be used more frequently by females, than males. This study investigates the potential of repurposing the anti-diabetic drug, vildagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, for alleviating the oncogenic condition in female Swiss Albino mice administered an aqueous extract of betel-nut (AEBN) orally (2 mg ml-1) for 24 weeks. MAIN METHODS Tissues were investigated by histopathological, immunohistochemical and apoptosis assays. Biochemical analyses of oxidative stress markers and lipid profile were performed using different tissues and sera. The expressions of different proteins involved in lipid metabolism and oncogenic pathways were evaluated by Western blotting. KEY FINDINGS AEBN induced carcinogenesis primarily in the liver by significantly impairing AMPK signaling, inducing oxidative stress, activating Akt/mTOR signaling, increasing Ki-67 immunoreactivity and cyclin D1 expression, and significantly diminishing apoptosis. Co-administration of AEBN with vildagliptin (10 mg kg-1 body weight) for 8 weeks reduced liver dysplasia, and significantly decreased free palmitic acid, increased free oleic acid, normalized lipid profile, decreased oxidative stress, cyclin D1 expression, Ki-67 immunoreactivity, and Bcl2 expression, and increased the ratio of apoptotic/non-apoptotic cells. Mechanistically, vildagliptin elicited these physiological and molecular alterations by restoring normal AMPK signaling and reducing the cellular expressions of FASN and HMGCR, restoring AMPK-dependent phosphorylation of p53 at Ser-15 and reducing Akt/mTOR signaling. SIGNIFICANCE These results indicate that vildagliptin may alleviate betel-nut induced carcinogenesis in the liver of female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moumita Nath
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India
| | | | - Yashmin Choudhury
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.
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22
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N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Cancer: Accumulating Evidence from Prospective Studies. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092523. [PMID: 32825393 PMCID: PMC7551408 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies on the association between polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and cancer have focused on n-3 PUFAs. To investigate the association between intake or blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and cancer, we searched the PubMed and Embase databases up to March 2020 and conducted a meta-analysis. A total of 70 articles were identified. High blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were associated with an 8% lower risk of all cancers (relative risk (RR) = 0.92; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.86-0.98) compared to low blood levels of n-6 PUFAs. In the subgroup analyses by cancer site, type of n-6 PUFAs, and sex, the inverse associations were strong for breast cancer (RR = 0.87; 95% CI: 0.77-0.98), linoleic acid (LA) (RR = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.82-1.00), and women (RR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.79-0.97). In the dose-response analysis, a 2% and 3% decrease in the risk of cancer was observed with a 5% increase in blood levels of n-6 PUFAs and LA, respectively. Thus, there was no significant association between n-6 PUFA intake and the risk of cancer. The pooled RR of cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-6 PUFA intake was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.99-1.05). Evidence from prospective studies indicated that intake of n-6 PUFAs was not significantly associated with risk of cancer, but blood levels of n-6 PUFAs were inversely associated with risk of cancer.
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23
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Wang L, Hang D, He X, Lo CH, Wu K, Chan AT, Ogino S, Giovannucci EL, Song M. A prospective study of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids and risk of colorectal serrated polyps and conventional adenomas. Int J Cancer 2020; 148:57-66. [PMID: 32638350 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on risk of colorectal cancer precursors remains largely unknown. We examined the associations of erythrocyte PUFAs, including n-3 and n-6 PUFAs, with risk of colorectal conventional adenomas and serrated polyps in 4517 participants from three US prospective cohorts who had provided a blood sample and undergone at least one endoscopic examination. We calculated the multivariable odds ratios (ORs) per 1 SD increment in individual PUFAs and the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFAs. We considered P < .005 statistically significant to account for multiple testing. During a median of 20 years of follow-up, we documented 493 conventional adenomas and 316 serrated polyps. After adjusting for various CRC risk factors, no associations for PUFAs achieved the stringent statistical significance for either conventional adenomas or serrated polyps (ORs per 1 SD ranged from 0.90 to 1.14). Some associations achieved nominal significance (P < .05), including the association of dihomogammalinolenic acid (DGLA) (20:3, n-6) with lower risk of conventional adenomas (OR = 0.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.83-1.00), total n-6 PUFAs with higher risk of proximal serrated polyps (OR = 1.32; 95% CI = 1.01-1.74) and eicosadienoic acid (20:2, n-6) and DGLA with lower risk of advanced adenomas (OR = 0.83; 95% CI = 0.71-0.97 and OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.72-0.98, respectively). Our findings indicate that erythrocyte PUFAs in a typical American diet are unlikely to have a substantial influence on risk of colorectal cancer precursors. The subgroup associations require further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- Center of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dong Hang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaosheng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Six Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Han Lo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kana Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrew T Chan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shuji Ogino
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Program in MPE Molecular Pathological Epidemiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Edward L Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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24
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Plasma Lipid Profile Reveals Plasmalogens as Potential Biomarkers for Colon Cancer Screening. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10060262. [PMID: 32630389 PMCID: PMC7345851 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10060262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this era of precision medicine, there is an increasingly urgent need for highly sensitive tests for detecting tumors such as colon cancer (CC), a silent disease where the first symptoms may take 10–15 years to appear. Mass spectrometry-based lipidomics is an emerging tool for such clinical diagnosis. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry operating in high energy collision spectral acquisition mode (MSE) mode (UPLC-QTOF-MSE) and gas chromatography (GC) to investigate differences between the plasmatic lipidic composition of CC patients and control (CTR) subjects. Key enzymes in lipidic metabolism were investigated using immuno-based detection assays. Our partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) resulted in a suitable discrimination between CTR and CC plasma samples. Forty-two statistically significant discriminating lipids were putatively identified. Ether lipids showed a prominent presence and accordingly, a decrease in glyceronephosphate O-acyltransferase (GNPAT) enzyme activity was found. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve built for three plasmalogens of phosphatidylserine (PS), named PS(P-36:1), PS(P-38:3) and PS(P-40:5), presented an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.998, and sensitivity and specificity of 100 and 85.7% respectively. These results show significant differences in CC patients’ plasma lipid composition that may be useful in discriminating them from CTR individuals with a special role for plasmalogens.
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25
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Liu T, Tan Z, Yu J, Peng F, Guo J, Meng W, Chen Y, Rao T, Liu Z, Peng J. A conjunctive lipidomic approach reveals plasma ethanolamine plasmalogens and fatty acids as early diagnostic biomarkers for colorectal cancer patients. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:233-242. [PMID: 32306783 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1757443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) represents a third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. The reliable diagnostic biomarkers for detecting CRC at early stage is critical for decreasing the mortality.Method: A conjunctive lipidomic approach was employed to investigate the differences in plasma lipid profiles of CRC patients (n = 101) and healthy volunteers (n = 52). Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF MS and UHPLC-QQQ MS platforms, a total of 236 lipids were structurally detected. Multivariate data analysis was conducted for biomarkers discovery.Results: A total of 11 lipid species, including 1 Glycerophosphoethanolamine (PE), 3 ethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn), 1 plasmanyl glycerophosphatidylethanolamine (PE-O), 3 fatty acids (FFA), 1 Fatty acid ester of hydroxyl fatty acid (FAHFA) and 2 Diacylglycerophosphates (PA) were identified to distinguish the CRC patients at early stage from healthy controls. In addition, these potential lipid biomarkers achieved an estimated AUC=0.981 in a validation set for univariate ROC analysis.Conclusion: By combining Q-TOF MS and QQQ MS analysis, the 11 lipids exhibited good performance in differentiating early-stage CRC and healthy control. This study also demonstrated that lipidomics is a powerful tool in discovering new potential biomarkers for cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhirong Tan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Feng Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jiwei Guo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Wenhui Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yao Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Tai Rao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Zhaoqian Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Jingbo Peng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, P. R. China.,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, P. R. China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Changsha, Hunan, P.R. China
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Aglago EK, Huybrechts I, Murphy N, Casagrande C, Nicolas G, Pischon T, Fedirko V, Severi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Fournier A, Katzke V, Kühn T, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Dahm CC, Overvad K, Lasheras C, Agudo A, Sánchez MJ, Amiano P, Huerta JM, Ardanaz E, Perez-Cornago A, Trichopoulou A, Karakatsani A, Martimianaki G, Palli D, Pala V, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Panico S, Bueno-de-Mesquita B, May A, Derksen JWG, Hellstrand S, Ohlsson B, Wennberg M, Van Guelpen B, Skeie G, Brustad M, Weiderpass E, Cross AJ, Ward H, Riboli E, Norat T, Chajes V, Gunter MJ. Consumption of Fish and Long-chain n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Is Associated With Reduced Risk of Colorectal Cancer in a Large European Cohort. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 18:654-666.e6. [PMID: 31252190 DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2019.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS There is an unclear association between intake of fish and long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 LC-PUFAs) and colorectal cancer (CRC). We examined the association between fish consumption, dietary and circulating levels of n-3 LC-PUFAs, and ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA with CRC using data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort. METHODS Dietary intake of fish (total, fatty/oily, lean/white) and n-3 LC-PUFA were estimated by food frequency questionnaires given to 521,324 participants in the EPIC study; among these, 6291 individuals developed CRC (median follow up, 14.9 years). Levels of phospholipid LC-PUFA were measured by gas chromatography in plasma samples from a sub-group of 461 CRC cases and 461 matched individuals without CRC (controls). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards and conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs), respectively, with 95% CIs. RESULTS Total intake of fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96; Ptrend = .005), fatty fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.82-0.98; Ptrend = .009), and lean fish (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.83-1.00; Ptrend = .016) were inversely associated with CRC incidence. Intake of total n-3 LC-PUFA (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78-0.95; Ptrend = .010) was also associated with reduced risk of CRC, whereas dietary ratio of n-6:n-3 LC-PUFA was associated with increased risk of CRC (HR for quintile 5 vs 1, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.18-1.45; Ptrend < .001). Plasma levels of phospholipid n-3 LC-PUFA was not associated with overall CRC risk, but an inverse trend was observed for proximal compared with distal colon cancer (Pheterogeneity = .026). CONCLUSIONS In an analysis of dietary patterns of participants in the EPIC study, we found regular consumption of fish, at recommended levels, to be associated with a lower risk of CRC, possibly through exposure to n-3 LC-PUFA. Levels of n-3 LC-PUFA in plasma were not associated with CRC risk, but there may be differences in risk at different regions of the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elom K Aglago
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Neil Murphy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Corinne Casagrande
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Genevieve Nicolas
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Agnès Fournier
- Centre de Recherche en Epidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Verena Katzke
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tilman Kühn
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Foundation under Public Law, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anja Olsen
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Diet, Genes and Environment, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Functional Biology Department, School of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Jose Sánchez
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain; CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Amiano
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José Maria Huerta
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Eva Ardanaz
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain; Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece; School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Karakatsani
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France; Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark; 2nd Pulmonary Medicine Department, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "ATTIKON" University Hospital, Haidari, Greece
| | | | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Life-Style Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network - ISPRO, Florence, Italy
| | - Valeria Pala
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, "M.P.Arezzo" Hospital, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular Epidemiology and Exposomics Unit, Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), Torino, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Bas Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London, United Kingdom; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anne May
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen W G Derksen
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie Hellstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Malmö, Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease - Genetic Epidemiology, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Maria Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Section of Sustainable Health, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magritt Brustad
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Office of the Director, International Agency For Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Amanda J Cross
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Ward
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Teresa Norat
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Veronique Chajes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
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27
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Mika A, Kobiela J, Pakiet A, Czumaj A, Sokołowska E, Makarewicz W, Chmielewski M, Stepnowski P, Marino-Gammazza A, Sledzinski T. Preferential uptake of polyunsaturated fatty acids by colorectal cancer cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1954. [PMID: 32029824 PMCID: PMC7005037 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a growing body of evidence suggests that colorectal cancer (CRC) is associated with alterations of fatty acid (FA) profiles in serum and tumor tissues, available data about polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content in CRC patients are inconclusive. Our study showed that CRC tissues contained more PUFAs than normal large intestinal mucosa. However, serum levels of PUFAs in CRC patients were lower than in healthy controls. To explain the mechanism of PUFA alterations in CRC, we measured FA uptake by the colon cancer cells and normal colon cells. The levels of PUFAs in colon cancer cell culture medium decreased significantly with incubation time, while no changes were observed in the medium in which normal colon cells were incubated. Our findings suggest that the alterations in tumor and serum PUFA profiles result from preferential uptake of these FAs by cancer cells; indeed, PUFAs are essential for formation of cell membrane phospholipids during rapid proliferation of cancer cells. This observation puts into question potential benefits of PUFA supplementation in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Czumaj
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Ewa Sokołowska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Makarewicz
- Department of Oncologic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Michał Chmielewski
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Antonella Marino-Gammazza
- Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences (BioNeC), University of Palermo, 90127, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), 90100, Palermo, Italy
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland.
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28
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Kim Y, Kim J. Intake or Blood Levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 29:288-299. [PMID: 31767566 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-19-0931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous results of the association between n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and colorectal cancer were inconsistent. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies. METHODS The PubMed and Embase databases were searched through July 10, 2019, followed by a manual search. A random-effects model was used. RESULTS Twenty prospective studies, including 18,102 cases and 1,360,046 participants, were included. The pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of n-3 PUFA intake was 0.97 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.90-1.04]. Regarding the type of n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) intakes were inversely associated with 11% (RR = 0.89; 95% CI, 0.80-0.99) and 12% (RR = 0.88; 95% CI, 0.81-0.96) lower colorectal cancer risks, respectively, in the comparison of the highest versus lowest category. Increments of 0.1 g/day of EPA (RR = 0.95; 95% CI, 0.92-0.98) and DHA (RR = 0.97; 95% CI, 0.95-0.99) intakes were associated with a lower colorectal cancer risk. Regarding the blood levels of n-3 PUFAs, the pooled RR of colorectal cancer for the highest versus lowest category of blood levels of n-3 PUFAs was 0.79 (95% CI, 0.64-0.98). The risk of colorectal cancer decreased by 4% for every 1% increase in blood n-3 PUFA levels (RR = 0.96; 95% CI, 0.92-1.00). CONCLUSIONS High blood n-3 PUFA levels are inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk, and high n-3 PUFA intake is suggestively associated with lower colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Our findings suggest that high blood n-3 PUFA levels may be associated with reduced colorectal cancer risk, but further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngyo Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Jeongseon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea.
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29
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Nakajima S, Gotoh M, Fukasawa K, Murakami-Murofushi K, Kunugi H. Oleic acid is a potent inducer for lipid droplet accumulation through its esterification to glycerol by diacylglycerol acyltransferase in primary cortical astrocytes. Brain Res 2019; 1725:146484. [PMID: 31562840 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes exhibit an important role in neural lipid metabolism for the regulation of energy balance to supply fatty acids (FAs) and ketone bodies to other neural cells. Lipid droplets (LDs) consisting of neutral- and phospho-lipids increase in the brains of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. However, the role of LDs and its lipid source remains largely unexplored. Here, we found that oleic acid (OA) was a potent inducer of astrocytic LD accumulation among various FAs. Lipidomic analysis using liquid chromatography equipped with tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the cellular triacylglycerol and phospholipid compositions in astrocytes during LD accumulation reflected the condition of extracellular FAs. Furthermore, the inhibition of diacylglycerol acyltransferase blocked OA-induced LD accumulation and caused lipotoxicity-induced cell death in astrocytes. The present study demonstrated that the formation of LDs, caused due to the increased extracellular OA, facilitated survival against lipotoxic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Nakajima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan; Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Mari Gotoh
- Institute for Human Life Innovation, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiko Fukasawa
- Ochadai Academic Production, Ochanomizu University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
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30
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Austin Pickens C, Yin Z, Sordillo LM, Fenton JI. Arachidonic acid-derived hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids are positively associated with colon polyps in adult males: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12033. [PMID: 31427689 PMCID: PMC6700170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48381-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipids are potent lipid mediators associated with inflammation-induced colon carcinomas and colon tumor survival. Therefore, oxylipid profiles may be useful as novel biomarkers of colon polyp presence. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plasma non-esterified oxylipids and the presence of colon polyps. A total of 123 Caucasian men, ages 48 to 65, were categorized into three groups: those with no polyps, those with one or more hyperplastic polyps, and those with one or more adenomas. Plasma non-esterified oxylipids were analyzed using solid phase extraction and quantified using a targeted HPLC tandem mass spectrometric analysis. Statistical analyses included Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA with Dunn's test for multiple comparison and generalized linear models to adjust for confounding factors such as age, anthropometrics, and smoking status. In general, monohydroxy omega-6-derived oxylipids were significantly increased in those with polyps. Concentrations of 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (HETE) and 11-HETE were significantly higher in those with hyperplastic polyps and adenomas compared to those with no polyps. Arachidonic acid-derived HETEs were significantly associated with colon polyp types, even after adjusting for age, smoking, and body mass index or waist circumference in regression models. Since many of these oxylipids are formed through oxygenation by lipoxygenases (i.e., 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE, and 15- hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid [HETrE]) or auto-oxidative reactions (i.e., 11-HETE), this may indicate that lipoxygenase activity and lipid peroxidation are increased in those with colon polyps. In addition, since oxylipids such as 5-, 12-, and 15-HETE are signaling molecules involved in inflammation regulation, these oxylipids may have important functions in inflammation-associated polyp presence. Future studies should be performed in a larger cohorts to investigate if these oxylipids are useful as potential biomarkers of colon polyps.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Austin Pickens
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhe Yin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Lorraine M Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jenifer I Fenton
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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31
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Liyanage UE, Ong JS, An J, Gharahkhani P, Law MH, MacGregor S. Mendelian Randomization Study for Genetically Predicted Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Levels on Overall Cancer Risk and Mortality. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2019; 28:1015-1023. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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32
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Pakiet A, Kobiela J, Stepnowski P, Sledzinski T, Mika A. Changes in lipids composition and metabolism in colorectal cancer: a review. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:29. [PMID: 30684960 PMCID: PMC6347819 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0977-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Altered metabolism of lipids is currently considered a hallmark characteristic of many malignancies, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Lipids are a large group of metabolites that differ in terms of their fatty acid composition. This review summarizes recent evidence, documenting many alterations in the content and composition of fatty acids, polar lipids, oxylipins and triacylglycerols in CRC patients' sera, tumor tissues and adipose tissue. Some of altered lipid molecules may be potential biomarkers of CRC risk, development and progression. Owing to a significant role of many lipids in cancer cell metabolism, some of lipid metabolism pathways may also constitute specific targets for anti-CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Pakiet
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Jarosław Kobiela
- Department of General, Endocrine and Transplant Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stepnowski
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland.
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdansk, Poland
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33
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Olive Oil Effects on Colorectal Cancer. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010032. [PMID: 30583613 PMCID: PMC6357067 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the fourth cause of cancer-related death worldwide. A Mediterranean diet showed protective action against colorectal cancer due to the intake of different substances. Olive oil is a fundamental component of the Mediterranean diet. Olive oil is rich in high-value health compounds (such as monounsaturated free fatty acids, squalene, phytosterols, and phenols). Phenolic compounds exert favourable effects on free radicals, inflammation, gut microbiota, and carcinogenesis. The interaction between gut microbiota and olive oil consumption could modulate colonic microbial composition or activity, with a possible role in cancer prevention. Gut microbiota is able to degrade some substances found in olive oil, producing active metabolites with chemopreventive action. Further clinical research is needed to clarify the beneficial effects of olive oil and its components. A better knowledge of the compounds found in olive oil could lead to the development of nutritional supplements or chemotherapeutic agents with a potential in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer.
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