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Nedaeinia R, Najafgholian S, Salehi R, Goli M, Ranjbar M, Nickho H, Haghjooy Javanmard S, A Ferns G, Manian M. The role of cancer-associated fibroblasts and exosomal miRNAs-mediated intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment and the biology of carcinogenesis: a systematic review. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:380. [PMID: 39187523 PMCID: PMC11347635 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02146-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 08/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024] Open
Abstract
CAFs (cancer-associated fibroblasts) are highly flexible cells of the cancer microenvironment. They produce the extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents that form the structure of the tumor stroma but are also a source of metabolites, growth factors, chemokines, and exosomes that impact every aspect of the tumor, including its response to treatment. It is believed that exosomal miRNAs facilitate intercellular signaling, which is essential for the development of cancer. The role of miRNAs and CAFs in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and carcinogenesis is reviewed in this paper. The preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines were used to perform a systematic review. Several databases, including Web of Science, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus, were searched using the following keywords: CAFs, CAF, cancer-associated fibroblasts, stromal fibroblasts, miRNA, exosomal miRNAs, exosome and similar terms. We identified studies investigating exosomal miRNAs and CAFs in the TME and their role in carcinogenesis. A total of 12,572 papers were identified. After removing duplicates (n = 3803), 8774 articles were screened by title and abstract. Of these, 421 were excluded from further analysis. It has been reported that if exosomal miRNAs in CAFs are not functioning correctly, this may influence the secretory phenotype of tip cells and contribute to increased tumor invasiveness, tumor spread, decreased treatment efficacy, and a poorer prognosis. Under their influence, normal fibroblasts (NFs) are transformed into CAFs. Furthermore, they participate in metabolic reprogramming, which allows for fast proliferation of the cancer cell population, adaptation to growing energy demands, and the capacity to avoid immune system identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Nedaeinia
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Simin Najafgholian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, School of Medicine, Valiasr Hospital, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rasoul Salehi
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Goli
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Laser and Biophotonics in Biotechnologies Research Center, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Ranjbar
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Department of Materials Engineering, Najafabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad, Iran
| | - Hamid Nickho
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, UK
| | - Mostafa Manian
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Faculty of Medical Science Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
- Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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2
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Bergez-Hernández F, Irigoyen-Arredondo M, Martínez-Camberos A. A systematic review of mechanisms of PTEN gene down-regulation mediated by miRNA in prostate cancer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34950. [PMID: 39144981 PMCID: PMC11320309 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog gene (PTEN) is pivotal in regulating diverse cellular processes, including growth, differentiation, proliferation, and cell survival, mainly by modulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Alterations in the expression of the PTEN gene have been associated with epigenetic mechanisms, particularly the regulation by small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNAs. Modifications in the expression levels of miRNAs that control PTEN have been shown to lead to its underexpression. This underexpression, in turn, impacts the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, thereby influencing crucial mechanisms like proliferation and apoptosis, playing an important role in the initiation and progression of prostate cancer (PCa). Thus, we aimed to systematically reviewed available information concerning the regulation of PTEN mediated by miRNA in PCa. Methods Electronic databases were searched to identify studies assessing PTEN regulation via PCa miRNAs, the search included combination of the words microRNAs, PTEN and prostatic neoplasms. The quality assessment of the articles included was carried out using an adapted version of SYRCLE and CASP tool. Results We included 39 articles that measured the relative gene expression of miRNAs in PCa and their relationship with PTEN regulation. A total of 42 miRNAs were reported involved in the development and progression of PCa via PTEN dysregulation (34 miRNAs up-regulated and eight miRNAs down-regulated). Sixteen miRNAs were shown as the principal regulators for genetic interactions leading to carcinogenesis, being the miR-21 the most reported in PCa associated with PTEN down-regulation. We showed the silencing of PTEN could be promoted by a loop between miR-200b and DNMT1 or by direct targeting of PTEN by microRNAs, leading to the constitutive activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR and interactions with intermediary genes support apoptosis inhibition, proliferation, invasion, and metastasis in PCa. Conclusion According to our review, dysregulation of PTEN mediated mainly by miR-21, -20a, -20b, -93, -106a, and -106b up-regulation has a central role in PCa development and could be potential biomarkers for diagnosis, prognostic, and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alejandra Martínez-Camberos
- Laboratorio de Biomedicina y Biología Molecular. Lic. en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Occidente. Av del Mar 1200, Tellerías, 82100, Mazatlán, Sinaloa, Mexico
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3
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Cacciatore A, Shinde D, Musumeci C, Sandrini G, Guarrera L, Albino D, Civenni G, Storelli E, Mosole S, Federici E, Fusina A, Iozzo M, Rinaldi A, Pecoraro M, Geiger R, Bolis M, Catapano CV, Carbone GM. Epigenome-wide impact of MAT2A sustains the androgen-indifferent state and confers synthetic vulnerability in ERG fusion-positive prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6672. [PMID: 39107274 PMCID: PMC11303763 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50908-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) is a frequently occurring disease with adverse clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic options. Here, we identify methionine adenosyltransferase 2a (MAT2A) as a critical driver of the androgen-indifferent state in ERG fusion-positive CRPC. MAT2A is upregulated in CRPC and cooperates with ERG in promoting cell plasticity, stemness and tumorigenesis. RNA, ATAC and ChIP-sequencing coupled with histone post-translational modification analysis by mass spectrometry show that MAT2A broadly impacts the transcriptional and epigenetic landscape. MAT2A enhances H3K4me2 at multiple genomic sites, promoting the expression of pro-tumorigenic non-canonical AR target genes. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of MAT2A reverses the transcriptional and epigenetic remodeling in CRPC models and improves the response to AR and EZH2 inhibitors. These data reveal a role of MAT2A in epigenetic reprogramming and provide a proof of concept for testing MAT2A inhibitors in CRPC patients to improve clinical responses and prevent treatment resistance.
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MESH Headings
- Male
- Humans
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG/genetics
- Transcriptional Regulator ERG/metabolism
- Methionine Adenosyltransferase/genetics
- Methionine Adenosyltransferase/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Epigenesis, Genetic/drug effects
- Animals
- Androgens/metabolism
- Epigenome
- Mice
- Histones/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Receptors, Androgen/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/metabolism
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/genetics
- Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein/antagonists & inhibitors
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessia Cacciatore
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Dheeraj Shinde
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Carola Musumeci
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giada Sandrini
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Bioinformatics Core Unit, 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Luca Guarrera
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Domenico Albino
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Gianluca Civenni
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Storelli
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Simone Mosole
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Elisa Federici
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Alessio Fusina
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marta Iozzo
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Rinaldi
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Pecoraro
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Roger Geiger
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Marco Bolis
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri" IRCCS, 20156, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlo V Catapano
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Giuseppina M Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera Italiana (USI), 6500, Bellinzona, Switzerland.
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4
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He D, Cui B, Lv H, Lu S, Zhu Y, Cheng Y, Dang L, Zhang H. Blood-Derived Extracellular Vesicles as a Promising Liquid Biopsy Diagnostic Tool for Early Cancer Detection. Biomolecules 2024; 14:847. [PMID: 39062561 PMCID: PMC11275243 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer poses a significant public health challenge worldwide, and timely screening has the potential to mitigate cancer progression and reduce mortality rates. Currently, early identification of most tumors relies on imaging techniques and tissue biopsies. However, the use of low-cost, highly sensitive, non-invasive detection methods for early cancer screening has become more attractive. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) released by all living cells contain distinctive biological components, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. These vesicles play crucial roles in the tumor microenvironment and intercellular communication during tumor progression, rendering liquid biopsy a particularly suitable method for diagnosis. Nevertheless, challenges related to purification methods and validation of efficacy currently hinder its widespread clinical implementation. These limitations underscore the importance of refining isolation techniques and conducting comprehensive investigations on EVs. This study seeks to evaluate the potential of liquid biopsy utilizing blood-derived EVs as a practical, cost-effective, and secure approach for early cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan He
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (D.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Bozhou Cui
- Department of Experimental Surgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710038, China;
| | - Hongkai Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine of Second Clinical Medical School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (H.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Shuxian Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (D.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (D.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yuqiang Cheng
- Department of Clinical Medicine of Second Clinical Medical School, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (H.L.); (Y.C.)
| | - Lin Dang
- Basic Medical Academy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Laboratory of Animal Center, Medical Experiment Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, China; (D.H.); (S.L.); (Y.Z.)
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5
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Aghakhani A, Pezeshki PS, Rezaei N. The role of extracellular vesicles in immune cell exhaustion and resistance to immunotherapy. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2024; 33:721-740. [PMID: 38795060 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2024.2360209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-bound nanoparticles for intercellular communication. Subtypes of EVs, namely exosomes and microvesicles transfer diverse, bioactive cargo to their target cells and eventually interfere with immune responses. Despite being a promising approach, cancer immunotherapy currently faces several challenges including immune resistance. EVs secreted from various sources in the tumor microenvironment provoke immune cell exhaustion and lower the efficacy of immunological treatments, such as CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors. AREAS COVERED This article goes through the mechanisms of action of various types of EVs in inhibiting immune response and immunotherapies, and provides a comprehensive review of EV-based treatments. EXPERT OPINION By making use of the distinctive features of EVs, natural or modified EVs are innovatively utilized as novel cancer therapeutics. They are occasionally coupled with currently established treatments to overcome their inadequacies. Investigating the properties and interactions of EVs and EV-based treatments is crucial for determining future steps in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava Aghakhani
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Parmida Sadat Pezeshki
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Kumar MA, Baba SK, Sadida HQ, Marzooqi SA, Jerobin J, Altemani FH, Algehainy N, Alanazi MA, Abou-Samra AB, Kumar R, Al-Shabeeb Akil AS, Macha MA, Mir R, Bhat AA. Extracellular vesicles as tools and targets in therapy for diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:27. [PMID: 38311623 PMCID: PMC10838959 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01735-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are ubiquitously released from cells under normal and pathological conditions. Human serum is a rich source of these EVs, though their isolation from serum proteins and non-EV lipid particles poses challenges. These vesicles transport various cellular components such as proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, DNA, and lipids across distances, influencing numerous physiological and pathological events, including those within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Their pivotal roles in cellular communication make EVs promising candidates for therapeutic agents, drug delivery systems, and disease biomarkers. Especially in cancer diagnostics, EV detection can pave the way for early identification and offers potential as diagnostic biomarkers. Moreover, various EV subtypes are emerging as targeted drug delivery tools, highlighting their potential clinical significance. The need for non-invasive biomarkers to monitor biological processes for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes remains unfulfilled. Tapping into the unique composition of EVs could unlock advanced diagnostic and therapeutic avenues in the future. In this review, we discuss in detail the roles of EVs across various conditions, including cancers (encompassing head and neck, lung, gastric, breast, and hepatocellular carcinoma), neurodegenerative disorders, diabetes, viral infections, autoimmune and renal diseases, emphasizing the potential advancements in molecular diagnostics and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Kumar
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Sadaf K Baba
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Hana Q Sadida
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Sara Al Marzooqi
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jayakumar Jerobin
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Faisal H Altemani
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naseh Algehainy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Alanazi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul-Badi Abou-Samra
- Qatar Metabolic Institute, Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Rakesh Kumar
- School of Biotechnology, Shri Mata Vaishno Devi University, Katra, India
| | - Ammira S Al-Shabeeb Akil
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Muzafar A Macha
- Watson-Crick Centre for Molecular Medicine, Islamic University of Science and Technology, Awantipora, Kashmir, 192122, India
| | - Rashid Mir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Prince Fahad Bin Sultan Chair for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ajaz A Bhat
- Department of Human Genetics-Precision Medicine in Diabetes, Obesity and Cancer Program, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
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7
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Temilola DO, Wium M, Paccez J, Salukazana AS, Otu HH, Carbone GM, Kaestner L, Cacciatore S, Zerbini LF. Potential of miRNAs in Plasma Extracellular Vesicle for the Stratification of Prostate Cancer in a South African Population. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3968. [PMID: 37568783 PMCID: PMC10417259 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common cause of cancer death among African men. The analysis of microRNAs (miRNAs) in plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) can be utilized as a non-invasive tool for the diagnosis of PCa. In this study, we used small RNA sequencing to profile miRNAs cargo in plasma EVs from South African PCa patients. We evaluated the differential expression of miRNAs between low and high Gleason scores in the plasma EVs of South African patients and in the prostatic tissue from data available in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Data Portal. We identified 7 miRNAs differently expressed in both EVs and prostatic tissues. We evaluated their expression using qPCR in a larger cohort of 10 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and 24 patients with PCa. Here, we reported that the ratio between two of these miRNAs (i.e., miR-194-5p/miR-16-5p) showed a higher concentration in PCa compared to BPH and in metastatic PCa compared to localized PCa. We explored for the first time the profiling of miRNAs cargo in plasma EVs as a tool for the identification of putative markers in the South African population. Our finding indicated the ratio miR-194-5p/miR-16-5p as a non-invasive marker for the evaluation of PCa aggressiveness in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dada Oluwaseyi Temilola
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Integrative Biomedical Sciences Division, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Martha Wium
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Juliano Paccez
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Azola Samkele Salukazana
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Hasan H. Otu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588, USA
| | - Giuseppina M. Carbone
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Università della Svizzera italiana, 6900 Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Kaestner
- Division of Urology, University of Cape Town, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Stefano Cacciatore
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
| | - Luiz Fernando Zerbini
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town 7925, South Africa
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8
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Aseervatham J. Dynamic Role of Exosome microRNAs in Cancer Cell Signaling and Their Emerging Role as Noninvasive Biomarkers. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050710. [PMID: 37237523 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are extracellular vesicles that originate from endosomes and are released by all cells irrespective of their origin or type. They play an important role in cell communication and can act in an autocrine, endocrine, or paracrine fashion. They are 40-150 nm in diameter and have a similar composition to the cell of origin. An exosome released by a particular cell is unique since it carries information about the state of the cell in pathological conditions such as cancer. miRNAs carried by cancer-derived exosomes play a multifaceted role by taking part in cell proliferation, invasion, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, angiogenesis, apoptosis, and immune evasion. Depending on the type of miRNA that it carries as its cargo, it can render cells chemo- or radiosensitive or resistant and can also act as a tumor suppressor. Since the composition of exosomes is affected by the cellular state, stress, and changes in the environment, they can be used as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers. Their unique ability to cross biological barriers makes them an excellent choice as vehicles for drug delivery. Because of their easy availability and stability, they can be used to replace cancer biopsies, which are invasive and expensive. Exosomes can also be used to follow the progression of diseases and monitor treatment strategies. A better understanding of the roles and functions of exosomal miRNA can be used to develop noninvasive, innovative, and novel treatments for cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaya Aseervatham
- Department of Neurology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Ramesh S, Selvakumar P, Ameer MY, Lian S, Abdullah Alzarooni AIM, Ojha S, Mishra A, Tiwari A, Kaushik A, Jung YD, Chouaib S, Lakshmanan VK. State-of-the-art therapeutic strategies for targeting cancer stem cells in prostate cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1059441. [PMID: 36969009 PMCID: PMC10035756 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new therapeutic strategies is on the increase for prostate cancer stem cells, owing to current standardized therapies for prostate cancer, including chemotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), radiotherapy, and surgery, often failing because of tumor relapse ability. Ultimately, tumor relapse develops into advanced castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which becomes an irreversible and systemic disease. Hence, early identification of the intracellular components and molecular networks that promote prostate cancer is crucial for disease management and therapeutic intervention. One of the potential therapeutic methods for aggressive prostate cancer is to target prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs), which appear to be a primary focal point of cancer metastasis and recurrence and are resistant to standardized therapies. PCSCs have also been documented to play a major role in regulating tumorigenesis, sphere formation, and the metastasis ability of prostate cancer with their stemness features. Therefore, the current review highlights the origin and identification of PCSCs and their role in anti-androgen resistance, as well as stemness-related signaling pathways. In addition, the review focuses on the current advanced therapeutic strategies for targeting PCSCs that are helping to prevent prostate cancer initiation and progression, such as microRNAs (miRNAs), nanotechnology, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) gene-editing system, and photothermal ablation (PTA) therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saravanan Ramesh
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Preethi Selvakumar
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Mohamed Yazeer Ameer
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
| | - Sen Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anshuman Mishra
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ashutosh Tiwari
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
| | - Ajeet Kaushik
- NanoBioTech Laboratory, Department of Environmental Engineering, Florida Polytechnic University, Lakeland, FL, United States
- School of Engineering, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun, India
| | - Young Do Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Salem Chouaib
- Thumbay Research Institute for Precision Medicine, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
- INSERM UMR1186, Integrative Tumor Immunology and Genetic Oncology, Gustave Roussy, Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Contre le Cancer, EPHE, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan
- Prostate Cancer Biomarker Laboratory, Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Translational Research & Sustainable Healthcare Management, Institute of Advanced Materials, IAAM, Ulrika, Sweden
- *Correspondence: Vinoth-Kumar Lakshmanan,
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10
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Wu T, Liu Y, Ali NM, Zhang B, Cui X. Effects of Exosomes on Tumor Bioregulation and Diagnosis. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5157-5168. [PMID: 36816660 PMCID: PMC9933233 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles in biological fluids, which can participate in biological processes by mediating intercellular communication and activating intracellular signaling pathways, especially cancerogenic processes, such as proliferation, metastasis, invasion, and immune regulation of cancer cells. Besides, cancer-derived exosomes are also involved in tumor diagnosis and therapy as biomarkers and nanotransport devices. This article reviews the latest research progress on the biological regulation and disease diagnosis of exosomes in tumors, with the aim of providing new ideas for the clinical treatment of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Wu
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
- Department
of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital
of Dalian University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Nasra Mohamoud Ali
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaonan Cui
- Department
of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of
Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116011, P.R. China
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11
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Zhu Y, Wang S, Chen X. Extracellular Vesicles and Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1418:57-68. [PMID: 37603272 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-99-1443-2_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Characterized by coronary artery obstruction or stenosis, ischemic cardiovascular diseases as advanced stages of coronary heart diseases commonly lead to left ventricular aneurysm, ventricular septal defect, and mitral insufficiency. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted by diverse cells in the body exert roles in cell-cell interactions and intrinsic cellular regulations. With a lipid double-layer membrane and biological components such as DNA, protein, mRNA, microRNAs (miRNA), and siRNA inside, the EVs function as paracrine signaling for the pathophysiology of ischemic cardiovascular diseases and maintenance of the cardiac homeostasis. Unlike stem cell transplantation with the potential tumorigenicity and immunogenicity, the EV-based therapeutic strategy is proposed to satisfy the demand for cardiac repair and regeneration while the circulating EVs detected by a noninvasive approach can act as precious biomarkers. In this chapter, we extensively summarize the cardioprotective functions of native EVs and bioengineered EVs released from stem cells, cardiomyocytes, cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs), endothelial cells, fibroblast, smooth muscle cells, and immune cells. In addition, the potential of EVs as robust molecule biomarkers is discussed for clinical diagnosis of ischemic cardiovascular disease, attributed to the same pathology of EVs as that of their origin. Finally, we highlight EV-based therapy as a biocompatible alternative to direct cell-based therapy for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujiao Zhu
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- Cardiac Regeneration and Ageing Lab, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Life Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xuerui Chen
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Medium Extracellular Vesicles—A Qualitative and Quantitative Biomarker of Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112856. [DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
For years, the diagnosis of prostate cancer has been understated. Despite the relatively low mortality rate, prostate cancer is still one of the most common neoplasms in men, which proves the need for continuous improvements in the diagnostics of this disease. New biomarkers may address these challenges in the form of extracellular vesicles (EV) secreted by prostate cancer cells. The available literature in the PubMed, SCOPUS, and ResearchGate databases from the last ten years was analyzed using search phrases such as extracellular vesicles, microparticles, microvesicles, cancer biomarkers, and prostate cancer. Then, the research was selected in terms of the size of the tested EVs (the EV medium of 100–1000 nm diameter, was taken into account), the latest versions of the literature were selected and compiled, and their results were compared. The group of extracellular vesicles contain a substantial amount of genetic information that can be used in research on the specificity of prostate cancer and other cancers. So far, it has been shown that EVs produced by PCa cells express proteins specific for these cells, which, thanks to their specificity, can make EV useful biomarkers of prostate cancer. Moreover, the importance of the quantitative release of EV from PCa cells has been demonstrated, which may be necessary to diagnose prostate cancer malignancy. Each method positively correlates with Gleason’s results and is even characterized by greater diagnostic sensitivity. Medium extracellular vesicles are a promising research material, and their specificity and sensitivity may allow them to be used in future prostate cancer diagnostics as biomarkers.
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13
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K S, T D, M P. Small extracellular vesicles as a multicomponent biomarker platform in urinary tract carcinomas. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:916666. [PMID: 36237572 PMCID: PMC9551577 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.916666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles are a large group of nano-sized vesicles released by all cells. The variety of possible cargo (mRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, proteins, and lipids) and the presence of surface proteins, signaling molecules, and receptor ligands make them a rich source of biomarkers for malignancy diagnosis. One of the groups gathering the most interest in cancer diagnostic applications is small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with ≤200 nm diameter, mainly composed of exosomes. Many studies were conducted recently, evaluating the diagnostic potential of sEVs in urinary tract carcinomas (UTCs), discovering and clinically evaluating various classes of biomarkers. The amount of research concerning different types of UTCs understandably reflects their incidence. sEV cargos getting the most interest are non-coding RNAs (miRNA and lncRNA). However, implementation of other approaches such as metabolomic and proteomic analysis is also evaluated. The results of many studies indicate that sEVs have an essential role in the cancer process and possess many possible diagnostic and prognostic applications for UTC. The relative ease of obtaining biofluids rich in sEVs (urine and blood) confirms that sEVs are essential for UTC detection in the liquid biopsy approach. A noticeable rise in research quality is observed as more researchers are aware of the research standardization necessity, which is essential for considering the clinical application of their findings.
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14
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The Expression of miR-205 in Prostate Carcinoma and the Relationship with Prognosis in Patients. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:1784791. [PMID: 36081431 PMCID: PMC9448532 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1784791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose. We aimed to investigate the changes of serum and cell exosome miR-205 levels in patients with prostate carcinoma and its clinical significance. Materials and Methods. Firstly, pronouncement of miR-205 in normal and prostate carcinoma tissues was analyzed by using UALCAN database. The relationship between miR-205 in tumor tissues and the pathological and clinical characteristics of patients with prostate carcinoma were analyzed. Consequently, 60 people with prostate carcinoma were collected to the Minhang Hospital from August 2016 to August 2021. Serum of patients in the two groups was collected, and RNA in serum exosomes was extracted, and qRT-PCR was used to analyze the expression of miR-205 mediated by serum exosomes. Meanwhile, the relationship among the clinical as well as pathological aspects and bodement of patients with prostate carcinoma and the pronouncement level of miR-205 mediated by exosome was compared. Next, assays like wound healing and CKK-8 were used to investigate the effects of miR-205 in exosomes extracted from prostate carcinoma on the augmentation and metastasis of prostate carcinoma. Results. The results showed that the pronouncement level of miR-205 in tissues with prostate carcinoma was significantly lower than that in normal prostate tissues. In addition, the pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosome of people with prostate carcinoma and exosomes derived from the lines of prostate carcinoma was considerably less than that in serum exosomes of healthy patients and that of normal cell lines of prostate. The pronouncement level of miR-205 in fluid exosomes of people with prostate carcinoma was negatively associated with cancer phase, uncontrolled cell division in lymph nodes, distant metastasis, and PSA level at initial diagnosis. Analysis (multivariate and univariate) showed that miR-205 pronouncement was a sovereign threat cause for prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Additionally, the pronouncement and metastasis of prostate carcinoma can be restricted by the overexpression of miR-205. Conclusion. The pronouncement of miR-205 in liquid derived exosomes is correlated with the prediction of people with prostate carcinoma and may be a new marker for identification and cure of prostate carcinoma.
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15
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Han B, Molins L, He Y, Viñolas N, Sánchez-Lorente D, Boada M, Guirao A, Díaz T, Martinez D, Ramirez J, Moisés J, Acosta-Plasencia M, Monzo M, Marrades RM, Navarro A. Characterization of the MicroRNA Cargo of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from a Pulmonary Tumor-Draining Vein Identifies miR-203a-3p as a Relapse Biomarker for Resected Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137138. [PMID: 35806142 PMCID: PMC9266391 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In resected non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), post-surgical recurrence occurs in around 40% of patients, highlighting the necessity to identify relapse biomarkers. An analysis of the extracellular vesicle (EV) cargo from a pulmonary tumor-draining vein (TDV) can grant biomarker identification. We studied the pulmonary TDV EV-miRNAome to identify relapse biomarkers in a two-phase study (screening and validation). In the screening phase, a 17-miRNA relapse signature was identified in 18 selected patients by small RNAseq. The most expressed miRNA from the signature (EV-miR-203a-3p) was chosen for further validation. Pulmonary TDV EV-miR-203a-3p was studied by qRT-PCR in a validation cohort of 70 patients, where it was found to be upregulated in relapsed patients (p = 0.0194) and in patients with cancer spread to nearby lymph nodes (N+ patients) (p = 0.0396). The ROC curve analysis showed that TDV EV-miR-203a-3p was able to predict relapses with a sensitivity of 88% (AUC: 0.67; p = 0.022). Moreover, patients with high TDV EV-miR-203a-3p had a shorter time to relapse than patients with low levels (43.6 vs. 97.6 months; p = 0.00703). The multivariate analysis showed that EV-miR-203a-3p was an independent, predictive and prognostic post-surgical relapse biomarker. In conclusion, pulmonary TDV EV-miR-203a-3p is a promising new relapse biomarker for resected NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Laureano Molins
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (D.S.-L.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Yangyi He
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Nuria Viñolas
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Clínic de Malalties Hemato-Oncològiques (ICMHO), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Sánchez-Lorente
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (D.S.-L.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Marc Boada
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (D.S.-L.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Angela Guirao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (L.M.); (D.S.-L.); (M.B.); (A.G.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Tania Díaz
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Daniel Martinez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Ramirez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Department of Pathology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Moisés
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Melissa Acosta-Plasencia
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
| | - Mariano Monzo
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Ramón M. Marrades
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pneumology, Institut Clínic Respiratori (ICR), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, 08036 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfons Navarro
- Molecular Oncology and Embryology Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medical Specializations, Human Anatomy Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), c. Casanova 143, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (B.H.); (Y.H.); (T.D.); (M.A.-P.); (M.M.)
- Thoracic Oncology Unit, Hospital Clinic, 08036 Barcelona, Spain; (N.V.); (D.M.); (J.R.); (R.M.M.)
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), c. Villarroel, 170, 08036 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4021903
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16
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Bahmani L, Ullah M. Different Sourced Extracellular Vesicles and Their Potential Applications in Clinical Treatments. Cells 2022; 11:cells11131989. [PMID: 35805074 PMCID: PMC9265969 DOI: 10.3390/cells11131989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) include a heterogeneous group of natural cell-derived nanostructures that are increasingly regarded as promising biotherapeutic agents and drug delivery vehicles in human medicine. Desirable intrinsic properties of EVs including the ability to bypass natural membranous barriers and to deliver their unique biomolecular cargo to specific cell populations position them as fiercely competitive alternatives for currently available cell therapies and artificial drug delivery platforms. EVs with distinct characteristics can be released from various cell types into the extracellular environment as a means of transmitting bioactive components and altering the status of the target cell. Despite the existence of a large number of preclinical studies confirming the therapeutic efficacy of different originated EVs for treating several pathological conditions, in this review, we first provide a brief overview of EV biophysical properties with an emphasis on their intrinsic therapeutic benefits over cell-based therapies and synthetic delivery systems. Next, we describe in detail different EVs derived from distinct cell sources, compare their advantages and disadvantages, and recapitulate their therapeutic effects on various human disorders to highlight the progress made in harnessing EVs for clinical applications. Finally, knowledge gaps and concrete hurdles that currently hinder the clinical translation of EV therapies are debated with a futuristic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Bahmani
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Mujib Ullah
- Institute for Immunity and Transplantation, Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA;
- Molecular Medicine Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Correspondence:
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17
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Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Mitochondrial Reprogramming in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081865. [PMID: 35454774 PMCID: PMC9032679 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Mitochondria are important organelles involved in several key cellular processes including energy production and cell death regulation. For this reason, it is unsurprising that mitochondrial function and structure are altered in several pathological states including cancer. Cancer cells present variate strategies to generate sufficient energy to sustain their high proliferation rates. These adaptative strategies can be mediated by extracellular signals such as extracellular vesicles. These vesicles can alter recipient cellular behavior by delivering their molecular cargo. This review explores the different EV-mediated mitochondrial reprogramming mechanisms supporting cancer survival and progression. Abstract Altered metabolism is a defining hallmark of cancer. Metabolic adaptations are often linked to a reprogramming of the mitochondria due to the importance of these organelles in energy production and biosynthesis. Cancer cells present heterogeneous metabolic phenotypes that can be modulated by signals originating from the tumor microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized as key players in intercellular communications and mediate many of the hallmarks of cancer via the delivery of their diverse biological cargo molecules. Firstly, this review introduces the most characteristic changes that the EV-biogenesis machinery and mitochondria undergo in the context of cancer. Then, it focuses on the EV-driven processes which alter mitochondrial structure, composition, and function to provide a survival advantage to cancer cells in the context of the hallmarks of cancers, such as altered metabolic strategies, migration and invasiveness, immune surveillance escape, and evasion of apoptosis. Finally, it explores the as yet untapped potential of targeting mitochondria using EVs as delivery vectors as a promising cancer therapeutic strategy.
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18
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Mugoni V, Ciani Y, Nardella C, Demichelis F. Circulating RNAs in prostate cancer patients. Cancer Lett 2022; 524:57-69. [PMID: 34656688 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Growing bodies of evidence have demonstrated that the identification of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers in the patients' blood and urine may remarkably improve PCa diagnosis and progression monitoring. Among diverse cancer-derived circulating materials, extracellular RNA molecules (exRNAs) represent a compelling component to investigate cancer-related alterations. Once outside the intracellular environment, exRNAs circulate in biofluids either in association with protein complexes or encapsulated inside extracellular vesicles (EVs). Notably, EV-associated RNAs (EV-RNAs) were used for the development of several assays (such as the FDA-approved Progensa Prostate Cancer Antigen 3 (PCA3 test) aiming at improving early PCa detection. EV-RNAs encompass a mixture of species, including small non-coding RNAs (e.g. miRNA and circRNA), lncRNAs and mRNAs. Several methods have been proposed to isolate EVs and relevant RNAs, and to perform RNA-Seq studies to identify potential cancer biomarkers. However, EVs in the circulation of a cancer patient include a multitude of diverse populations that are released by both cancer and normal cells from different tissues, thereby leading to a heterogeneous EV-RNA-associated transcriptional signal. Decrypting the complexity of such a composite signal is nowadays the major challenge faced in the identification of specific tumor-associated RNAs. Multiple deconvolution algorithms have been proposed so far to infer the enrichment of cancer-specific signals from gene expression data. However, novel strategies for EVs sorting and sequencing of RNA associated to single EVs populations will remarkably facilitate the identification of cancer-related molecules. Altogether, the studies summarized here demonstrate the high potential of using EV-RNA biomarkers in PCa and highlight the urgent need of improving technologies and computational approaches to characterize specific EVs populations and their relevant RNA cargo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Mugoni
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Yari Ciani
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Caterina Nardella
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Francesca Demichelis
- Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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19
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Palicelli A, Croci S, Bisagni A, Zanetti E, De Biase D, Melli B, Sanguedolce F, Ragazzi M, Zanelli M, Chaux A, Cañete-Portillo S, Bonasoni MP, Soriano A, Ascani S, Zizzo M, Castro Ruiz C, De Leo A, Giordano G, Landriscina M, Carrieri G, Cormio L, Berney DM, Gandhi J, Nicoli D, Farnetti E, Santandrea G, Bonacini M. What Do We Have to Know about PD-L1 Expression in Prostate Cancer? A Systematic Literature Review. Part 5: Epigenetic Regulation of PD-L1. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12314. [PMID: 34830196 PMCID: PMC8619683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic alterations (including DNA methylation or miRNAs) influence oncogene/oncosuppressor gene expression without changing the DNA sequence. Prostate cancer (PC) displays a complex genetic and epigenetic regulation of cell-growth pathways and tumor progression. We performed a systematic literature review (following PRISMA guidelines) focused on the epigenetic regulation of PD-L1 expression in PC. In PC cell lines, CpG island methylation of the CD274 promoter negatively regulated PD-L1 expression. Histone modifiers also influence the PD-L1 transcription rate: the deletion or silencing of the histone modifiers MLL3/MML1 can positively regulate PD-L1 expression. Epigenetic drugs (EDs) may be promising in reprogramming tumor cells, reversing epigenetic modifications, and cancer immune evasion. EDs promoting a chromatin-inactive transcriptional state (such as bromodomain or p300/CBP inhibitors) downregulated PD-L1, while EDs favoring a chromatin-active state (i.e., histone deacetylase inhibitors) increased PD-L1 expression. miRNAs can regulate PD-L1 at a post-transcriptional level. miR-195/miR-16 were negatively associated with PD-L1 expression and positively correlated to longer biochemical recurrence-free survival; they also enhanced the radiotherapy efficacy in PC cell lines. miR-197 and miR-200a-c positively correlated to PD-L1 mRNA levels and inversely correlated to the methylation of PD-L1 promoter in a large series. miR-570, miR-34a and miR-513 may also be involved in epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palicelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Stefania Croci
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
| | - Alessandra Bisagni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Eleonora Zanetti
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Dario De Biase
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology (FABIT), University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Beatrice Melli
- Fertility Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | | | - Moira Ragazzi
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Magda Zanelli
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alcides Chaux
- Department of Scientific Research, School of Postgraduate Studies, Norte University, Asunción 1614, Paraguay;
| | - Sofia Cañete-Portillo
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
| | - Maria Paola Bonasoni
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Alessandra Soriano
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA;
- Gastroenterology Division, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Stefano Ascani
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni, University of Perugia, 05100 Terni, Italy;
- Haematopathology Unit, CREO, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, University of Perugia, 06129 Perugia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Zizzo
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Carolina Castro Ruiz
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy;
| | - Antonio De Leo
- Molecular Diagnostic Unit, Azienda USL Bologna, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Guido Giordano
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Matteo Landriscina
- Medical Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.G.); (M.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Carrieri
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Luigi Cormio
- Department of Urology and Renal Transplantation, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy; (G.C.); (L.C.)
| | - Daniel M. Berney
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 5PZ, UK;
| | - Jatin Gandhi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA;
| | - Davide Nicoli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Enrico Farnetti
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (D.N.); (E.F.)
| | - Giacomo Santandrea
- Pathology Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (A.B.); (E.Z.); (M.R.); (M.Z.); (M.P.B.); (G.S.)
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy;
| | - Martina Bonacini
- Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies Unit, Azienda USL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy; (S.C.); (M.B.)
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20
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Zhang Y, Kim JS, Wang TZ, Newton RU, Galvão DA, Gardiner RA, Hill MM, Taaffe DR. Potential Role of Exercise Induced Extracellular Vesicles in Prostate Cancer Suppression. Front Oncol 2021; 11:746040. [PMID: 34595123 PMCID: PMC8476889 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.746040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical exercise is increasingly recognized as a valuable treatment strategy in managing prostate cancer, not only enhancing supportive care but potentially influencing disease outcomes. However, there are limited studies investigating mechanisms of the tumor-suppressive effect of exercise. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recognized as a therapeutic target for cancer as tumor-derived EVs have the potential to promote metastatic capacity by transferring oncogenic proteins, integrins, and microRNAs to other cells and EVs are also involved in developing drug resistance. Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ, releasing EVs into the circulation, and levels of EV-containing factors have been shown to increase in response to exercise. Moreover, preclinical studies have demonstrated the tumor-suppressive effect of protein and microRNA contents in skeletal muscle-derived EVs in various cancers, including prostate cancer. Here we review current knowledge of the tumor-derived EVs in prostate cancer progression and metastasis, the role of exercise in skeletal muscle-derived EVs circulating levels and the alteration of their contents, and the potential tumor-suppressive effect of skeletal muscle-derived EV contents in prostate cancer. In addition, we review the proposed mechanism of exercise in the uptake of skeletal muscle-derived EVs in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.,Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jin-Soo Kim
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Tian-Zhen Wang
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,Department of Pathology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Robert U Newton
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel A Galvão
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Robert A Gardiner
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Michelle M Hill
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Dennis R Taaffe
- Exercise Medicine Research Institute, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.,School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
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21
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Yokoi A, Ochiya T. Exosomes and extracellular vesicles: Rethinking the essential values in cancer biology. Semin Cancer Biol 2021; 74:79-91. [PMID: 33798721 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes are released by all living cells and contain diverse bioactive molecules, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. Accumulating evidence of EV-related functions has revealed that these tiny vesicles can mediate specific cell-to-cell communication. Within the tumor microenvironment, diverse cells are actively interacting with their surroundings via EVs facilitating tumor malignancy by regulating malignant cascades including angiogenesis, immune modulation, and metastasis. This review summarizes the recent studies of fundamental understandings of EVs from the aspect of EV heterogeneity and highlights the role of EVs in the various steps from oncogenic to metastatic processes. The recognition of EV subtypes is necessary to identify which pathways can be affected by EVs and which subtypes can be targeted in therapeutic approaches or liquid biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Yokoi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan; Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ochiya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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