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Zaccagnino A, Vynnytska‐Myronovska B, Stöckle M, Junker K. Molecular and functional characterization of reversible-sunitinib-tolerance state in human renal cell carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18329. [PMID: 38693863 PMCID: PMC11063727 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Therapy failure with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) sunitinib remains a great challenge in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC). Growing evidence indicates that the tumour subpopulation can enter a transient, non-mutagenic drug-tolerant state to endure the treatment underlying the minimal residual disease and tumour relapse. Drug tolerance to sunitinib remains largely unexplored in RCC. Here, we show that sunitinib-tolerant 786-O/S and Caki-2/S cells are induced by prolonged drug treatment showing reduced drug sensitivity, enhanced clonogenicity, and DNA synthesis. Sunitinib-tolerance developed via dynamic processes, including (i) engagement of c-MET and AXL pathways, (ii) alteration of stress-induced p38 kinase and pro-survival BCL-2 signalling, (iii) extensive actin remodelling, which was correlated with activation of focal adhesion proteins. Remarkably, the acute drug response in both sensitive and sunitinib-tolerant cell lines led to dramatic fine-tuning of the actin-cytoskeleton and boosted cellular migration and invasion, indicating that the drug-response might depend on cell state transition rather than pre-existing mutations. The drug-tolerant state was transiently acquired, as the cells resumed initial drug sensitivity after >10 passages under drug withdrawal, reinforcing the concept of dynamic regulation and phenotypic heterogeneity. Our study described molecular events contributing to the reversible switch into sunitinib-tolerance, providing possible novel therapeutic opportunities in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Zaccagnino
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | | | - Michael Stöckle
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
| | - Kerstin Junker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologySaarland UniversityHomburgGermany
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2
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Bailly C, Degand C, Laine W, Sauzeau V, Kluza J. Implication of Rac1 GTPase in molecular and cellular mitochondrial functions. Life Sci 2024; 342:122510. [PMID: 38387701 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Rac1 is a member of the Rho GTPase family which plays major roles in cell mobility, polarity and migration, as a fundamental regulator of actin cytoskeleton. Signal transduction by Rac1 occurs through interaction with multiple effector proteins, and its activity is regulated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and GTPase-activating proteins (GAPs). The small protein is mainly anchored to the inner side of the plasma membrane but it can be found in endocellular compartments, notably endosomes and cell nuclei. The protein localizes also into mitochondria where it contributes to the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, including both mitobiogenesis and mitophagy, in addition to signaling processes via different protein partners, such as the proapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and chaperone sigma-1 receptor (σ-1R). The mitochondrial form of Rac1 (mtRac1) has been understudied thus far, but it is as essential as the nuclear or plasma membrane forms, via its implication in regulation of oxidative stress and DNA damages. Rac1 is subject to diverse post-translational modifications, notably to a geranylgeranylation which contributes importantly to its mitochondrial import and its anchorage to mitochondrial membranes. In addition, Rac1 contributes to the mitochondrial translocation of other proteins, such as p53. The mitochondrial localization and functions of Rac1 are discussed here, notably in the context of human diseases such as cancers. Inhibitors of Rac1 have been identified (NSC-23766, EHT-1864) and some are being developed for the treatment of cancer (MBQ-167) or central nervous system diseases (JK-50561). Their effects on mtRac1 warrant further investigations. An overview of mtRac1 is provided here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France; University of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institut de Chimie Pharmaceutique Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, 59000 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Consulting Scientific Office, Lille (Wasquehal) 59290, France.
| | - Claire Degand
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - William Laine
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, Institut du thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Kluza
- University of Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020 - UMR1277 - Canther - Cancer Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, 59000 Lille, France
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3
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Hao Q, Liu Y, Liu Y, Shi L, Chen Y, Yang L, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Wang C, Wang S, Sun L. Cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 1 predicts prognosis and therapy response in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:57. [PMID: 38546813 PMCID: PMC10978675 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01269-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with a poor prognosis. The current risk stratification system is essential but remains insufficient to select the best schedules. Cysteine-rich protein 1 (CSRP1) is a member of the CSRP family and associated with poor clinicopathological features in many tumors. This study aimed to explore the clinical significance and molecular mechanisms of cysteine- and glycine-rich protein 1 (CSRP1) in AML. RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression of CSRP1 in our clinical cohort. Functional enrichment analysis of CSRP1-related differentially expressed genes was carried out by GO/KEGG enrichment analysis, immune cell infiltration analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network. The OncoPredict algorithm was implemented to explore correlations between CSRP1 and drug resistance. CSRP1 was highly expressed in AML compared with normal samples. High CSRP1 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. Functional enrichment analysis showed neutrophil activation and apoptosis were associated with CSRP1. In the PPI network, 19 genes were present in the most significant module, and 9 of them were correlated with AML prognosis. The high CSRP1 patients showed higher sensitivity to 5-fluorouracil, gemcitabine, rapamycin, cisplatin and lower sensitivity to fludarabine. CSRP1 may serve as a potential prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for AML in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Hao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yajun Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School/Rhode Island Hospital, Brown University, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Luyao Shi
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yufei Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Zhongxing Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Chong Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Shujuan Wang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Ling Sun
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
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Hemsing AL, Førde JL, Reikvam H, Herfindal L. The Rac1-inhibitor EHop-016 attenuates AML cell migration and enhances the efficacy of daunorubicin in MOLM-13 transplanted zebrafish larvae. Transl Oncol 2024; 40:101876. [PMID: 38185059 PMCID: PMC10818244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2024.101876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) is a GTPase implicated in cell migration and homing of hematopoietic cells to the hematopoietic niche, and is commonly overexpressed in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This can lead to quiescence of leukemic blasts in the niche and reduced response to therapy. We investigated the Rac1 inhibitor EHop-016 on AML by assessing its effects on MOLM-13 cells in vitro and in zebrafish larvae, regarding cell motility and therapeutic potential in combination with daunorubicin (DNR). In vitro assessment of proliferation and viability was by measurement of 3H-thymidine incorporation and detection of Annexin V/PI positive cells. Cell motility was evaluated by measurement of migration in a transwell system. Fluorescently stained MOLM-13 cells were injected into zebrafish larvae, and individual cells followed by confocal microscopy. Cell accumulation in the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT) was studied using a 12-hour timelapse, while in vivo efficacy of DNR, EHop-016 or a combination was investigated over 24 h. The in vitro results showed that EHop-016 acted synergistically in combination with DNR in reducing the viability of MOLM-13 cells (Bliss synergy score above 10 %). Non-toxic concentrations of EHop-016 reduced cell migration. These findings were reproduced in zebrafish larvae: larvae receiving both DNR and EHop-016 had significantly reduced tumor burden compared to the untreated control or single treatments. The accumulation of MOLM-13 cells in the CHT was reduced in larvae receiving EHop-016 treatment. Our findings demonstrate that targeting Rac1 in AML holds promise as a complementary treatment to established chemotherapy and should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lodvir Hemsing
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Jan-Lukas Førde
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, pb 1400, Bergen 5021, Norway; Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway
| | - Lars Herfindal
- Centre for Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Jonas Lies vei 87, Bergen 5021, Norway.
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5
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Cui L, Lu Y, Zheng J, Guo B, Zhao X. ACTN1 promotes HNSCC tumorigenesis and cisplatin resistance by enhancing MYH9-dependent degradation of GSK-3β and integrin β1-mediated phosphorylation of FAK. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:335. [PMID: 38057867 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors globally. Understanding the molecular basis of tumor progression and drug resistance can offer innovative strategies to enhance clinical outcomes for HNSCC patients. METHODS The cytoskeletal remodeling genes associated with cisplatin resistance were screened using a PCR array. The role of alpha-actinin 1 (ACTN1) in modulating cisplatin resistance and tumorigenesis in HNSCC was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP), IP-mass spectrometry (MS), western blotting, dual-luciferase assay, and bioinformatics analysis were performed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. RESULTS Our study identifies ACTN1 as a crucial contributor to cisplatin resistance and tumorigenesis in HNSCC, as evidenced across cellular, animal, and patient-derived xenograft models. From a clinical perspective, overexpression of ACTN1 significantly correlates with a suboptimal response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy and reduced overall survival in HNSCC patients. Mechanistically, ACTN1 predominantly activates β-catenin-mediated signaling by promoting the interaction between myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) and GSK-3β, leading to the ubiquitin-dependent degradation of GSK-3β. ACTN1 also interacts with integrin β1, subsequently activating the FAK/PI3K/AKT pathway, providing an additional avenue for the activation of β-catenin signaling. Our study also unveils that the β-catenin/c-Myc axis transcriptionally regulates ACTN1, thereby creating a positive feedback loop promoting HNSCC tumorigenesis and drug resistance. CONCLUSIONS These insights underscore the novel mechanisms that highlight ACTN1's pivotal role in driving HNSCC progression and resistance to chemotherapy, suggesting ACTN1 as a promising therapeutic target in HNSCC management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Cui
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ye Lu
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiarong Zheng
- Department of Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Department of Dentistry, the First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xinyuan Zhao
- Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, Guangdong, China.
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6
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Tokarz VL, Mylvaganam S, Klip A. Palmitate-induced insulin resistance causes actin filament stiffness and GLUT4 mis-sorting without altered Akt signalling. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:jcs261300. [PMID: 37815440 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance, a major contributor to type 2 diabetes, is linked to the consumption of saturated fats. This insulin resistance arises from failure of insulin-induced translocation of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4; also known as SLC2A4) to the plasma membrane to facilitate glucose uptake into muscle. The mechanisms of defective GLUT4 translocation are poorly understood, limiting development of insulin-sensitizing therapies targeting muscle glucose uptake. Although many studies have identified early insulin signalling defects and suggest that they are responsible for insulin resistance, their cause-effect has been debated. Here, we find that the saturated fat palmitate (PA) causes insulin resistance owing to failure of GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle myoblasts and myotubes without impairing signalling to Akt2 or AS160 (also known as TBC1D4). Instead, PA altered two basal-state events: (1) the intracellular localization of GLUT4 and its sorting towards a perinuclear storage compartment, and (2) actin filament stiffness, which prevents Rac1-dependent actin remodelling. These defects were triggered by distinct mechanisms, respectively protein palmitoylation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our findings highlight that saturated fats elicit muscle cell-autonomous dysregulation of the basal-state machinery required for GLUT4 translocation, which 'primes' cells for insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Tokarz
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Sivakami Mylvaganam
- Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Amira Klip
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1A8, Canada
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7
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Dibsy R, Bremaud E, Mak J, Favard C, Muriaux D. HIV-1 diverts cortical actin for particle assembly and release. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6945. [PMID: 37907528 PMCID: PMC10618566 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41940-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Enveloped viruses assemble and bud from the host cell membranes. Any role of cortical actin in these processes have often been a source of debate. Here, we assessed if cortical actin was involved in HIV-1 assembly in infected CD4 T lymphocytes. Our results show that preventing actin branching not only increases HIV-1 particle release but also the number of individual HIV-1 Gag assembly clusters at the T cell plasma membrane. Indeed, in infected T lymphocytes and in in vitro quantitative model systems, we show that HIV-1 Gag protein prefers areas deficient in F-actin for assembling. Finally, we found that the host factor Arpin, an inhibitor of Arp2/3 branched actin, is recruited at the membrane of infected T cells and it can associate with the viral Gag protein. Altogether, our data show that, for virus assembly and particle release, HIV-1 prefers low density of cortical actin and may favor local actin debranching by subverting Arpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rayane Dibsy
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Erwan Bremaud
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Johnson Mak
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Cyril Favard
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France
| | - Delphine Muriaux
- Institute of Research in Infectious disease of Montpellier (IRIM), University of Montpellier, UMR9004 CNRS, Montpellier, France.
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Šuráňová M, Ďuriš M, Štenglová Netíková I, Brábek J, Horák T, Jůzová V, Chmelík R, Veselý P. Primary assessment of medicines for expected migrastatic potential with holographic incoherent quantitative phase imaging. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 14:2689-2708. [PMID: 37342686 PMCID: PMC10278600 DOI: 10.1364/boe.488630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Solid tumor metastases cause most cancer-related deaths. The prevention of their occurrence misses suitable anti-metastases medicines newly labeled as migrastatics. The first indication of migrastatics potential is based on an inhibition of in vitro enhanced migration of tumor cell lines. Therefore, we decided to develop a rapid test for qualifying the expected migrastatic potential of some drugs for repurposing. The chosen Q-PHASE holographic microscope provides reliable multifield time-lapse recording and simultaneous analysis of the cell morphology, migration, and growth. The results of the pilot assessment of the migrastatic potential exerted by the chosen medicines on selected cell lines are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markéta Šuráňová
- Institute of Physical Engineering (IPE), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Ďuriš
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Irena Štenglová Netíková
- General University Hospital in Prague, Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, and Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center of the Academy of Sciences and Charles University in Vestec (BIOCEV), Laboratory of Cancer Cell Invasion, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Horák
- Institute of Physical Engineering (IPE), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Jůzová
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Radim Chmelík
- Institute of Physical Engineering (IPE), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Veselý
- CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Arroyo-Berdugo Y, Sendino M, Greaves D, Nojszewska N, Idilli O, So CW, Di Silvio L, Quartey-Papafio R, Farzaneh F, Rodriguez JA, Calle Y. High Throughput Fluorescence-Based In Vitro Experimental Platform for the Identification of Effective Therapies to Overcome Tumour Microenvironment-Mediated Drug Resistance in AML. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1988. [PMID: 37046649 PMCID: PMC10093176 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15071988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The interactions between Acute Myeloid Leukaemia (AML) leukemic stem cells and the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment play a critical role during AML progression and resistance to drug treatments. Therefore, the identification of novel therapies requires drug-screening methods using in vitro co-culture models that closely recreate the cytoprotective BM setting. We have developed a new fluorescence-based in vitro co-culture system scalable to high throughput for measuring the concomitant effect of drugs on AML cells and the cytoprotective BM microenvironment. eGFP-expressing AML cells are co-cultured in direct contact with mCherry-expressing BM stromal cells for the accurate assessment of proliferation, viability, and signaling in both cell types. This model identified several efficacious compounds that overcome BM stroma-mediated drug resistance against daunorubicin, including the chromosome region maintenance 1 (CRM1/XPO1) inhibitor KPT-330. In silico analysis of genes co-expressed with CRM1, combined with in vitro experiments using our new methodology, also indicates that the combination of KPT-330 with the AURKA pharmacological inhibitor alisertib circumvents the cytoprotection of AML cells mediated by the BM stroma. This new experimental model and analysis provide a more precise screening method for developing improved therapeutics targeting AML cells within the cytoprotective BM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoana Arroyo-Berdugo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Maria Sendino
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - David Greaves
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Natalia Nojszewska
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Orest Idilli
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - Chi Wai So
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Lucy Di Silvio
- Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | | | - Farzin Farzaneh
- Department of Haemato-Oncology, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
| | - Jose Antonio Rodriguez
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | - Yolanda Calle
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
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10
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Zhang J, Wang YJ, Han YQ. Identification of autophagy-associated genes and prognostic implications in adults with acute myeloid leukemia by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1074057. [PMID: 36727051 PMCID: PMC9885263 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is one of the most common malignant blood neoplasma in adults. The prominent disease heterogeneity makes it challenging to foresee patient survival. Autophagy, a highly conserved degradative process, played indispensable and context-dependent roles in AML. However, it remains elusive whether autophagy-associated stratification could accurately predict prognosis of AML patients. Here, we developed a prognostic model based on autophagy-associated genes, and constructed scoring systems that help to predicte the survival of AML patients in both TCGA data and independent AML cohorts. The Nomogram model also confirmed the autophagy-associated model by showing the high concordance between observed and predicted survivals. Additionally, pathway enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network unveiled functional signaling pathways that were associated with autophagy. Altogether, we constructed the autophagy-associated prognostic model that might be likely to predict outcome for AML patients, providing insights into the biological risk stratification strategies and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying-Jun Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Yan-Qiu Han
- Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,Department of Laboratory Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Yan-Qiu Han,
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11
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Tecik M, Adan A. Therapeutic Targeting of FLT3 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Current Status and Novel Approaches. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1449-1478. [PMID: 36474506 PMCID: PMC9719701 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s384293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is mutated in approximately 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. The presence of FLT3-ITD (internal tandem duplication, 20-25%) mutation and, to a lesser extent, FLT3-TKD (tyrosine kinase domain, 5-10%) mutation is associated with poorer diagnosis and therapy response since the leukemic cells become hyperproliferative and resistant to apoptosis after continuous activation of FLT3 signaling. Targeting FLT3 has been the focus of many pre-clinical and clinical studies. Hence, many small-molecule FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3is) have been developed, some of which are approved such as midostaurin and gilteritinib to be used in different clinical settings, either in combination with chemotherapy or alone. However, many questions regarding the best treatment strategy remain to be answered. On the other hand, various FLT3-dependent and -independent resistance mechanisms could be evolved during FLT3i therapy which limit their clinical impact. Therefore, identifying molecular mechanisms of resistance and developing novel strategies to overcome this obstacle is a current interest in the field. In this review, recent studies of approved FLT3i and knowledge about major resistance mechanisms of clinically approved FLT3i's will be discussed together with novel treatment approaches such as designing novel FLT3i and dual FLT3i and combination strategies including approved FLT3i plus small-molecule agents targeting altered molecules in the resistant cells to abrogate resistance. Moreover, how to choose an appropriate FLT3i for the patients will be summarized based on what is currently known from available clinical data. In addition, strategies beyond FLT3i's including immunotherapeutics, small-molecule FLT3 degraders, and flavonoids will be summarized to highlight potential alternatives in FLT3-mutated AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melisa Tecik
- Bioengineering Program, Graduate School of Engineering and Science, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysun Adan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Life and Natural Sciences, Abdullah Gul University, Kayseri, Turkey
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12
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Overcoming Resistance: FLT3 Inhibitors Past, Present, Future and the Challenge of Cure. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14174315. [PMID: 36077850 PMCID: PMC9454516 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14174315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3 ITD and TKD mutations occur in 20% and 10% of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), respectively, and they represent the target of the first approved anti-leukemic therapies in the 2000s. Type I and type II FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) are active against FLT3 TKD/ITD and FLT3 ITD mutations alone respectively, but they still fail remissions in 30-40% of patients due to primary and secondary mechanisms of resistance, with variable relapse rate of 30-50%, influenced by NPM status and FLT3 allelic ratio. Mechanisms of resistance to FLT3i have recently been analyzed through NGS and single cell assays that have identified and elucidated the polyclonal nature of relapse in clinical and preclinical studies, summarized here. Knowledge of tumor escape pathways has helped in the identification of new targeted drugs to overcome resistance. Immunotherapy and combination or sequential use of BCL2 inhibitors and experimental drugs including aurora kinases, menin and JAK2 inhibitors will be the goal of present and future clinical trials, especially in patients with FLT3-mutated (FLT3mut) AML who are not eligible for allogeneic transplantation.
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Hemsing AL, Rye KP, Hatfield KJ, Reikvam H. NPM1-Mutated Patient-Derived AML Cells Are More Vulnerable to Rac1 Inhibition. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081881. [PMID: 36009428 PMCID: PMC9405324 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognosis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, especially for the elderly population. Targeted therapy with small molecules may be a potential strategy to overcome chemoresistance and improve survival in AML. We investigated the inhibition of the signaling molecule ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) in leukemia cells derived from 79 consecutive AML patients, using five Rac1 inhibitors: ZINC69391, ITX3, EHOP-016, 1A-116, and NSC23766. In vitro cell proliferation and apoptosis assays and the assessment of cytokine profiles in culture media were conducted. All five inhibitors had an antiproliferative effect; IC50 ranged from 3−24 µM. They induced significant apoptosis and necrosis compared to the untreated controls (p < 0.0001) at concentrations around IC40 and IC80. A high versus an intermediate or low antiproliferative effect was more common in NPM1-mutated (p = 0.002) and CD34-negative (p = 0.008) samples, and when NPM1 and FLT3 (p = 0.027) were combined. Presence of NPM1 mutation was associated with reduced viability after treatment with EHOP-016 (p = 0.014), ITX3 (p = 0.047), and NSC23766 (p = 0.003). Several cytokines crucial for leukemogenesis were reduced after culture, with the strongest effects observed for 1A-116 and NSC23766. Our findings suggest potent effects of Rac1 inhibition in primary AML cells and, interestingly, samples harboring NPM1 mutation seem more vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anette Lodvir Hemsing
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Kimberley Joanne Hatfield
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Håkon Reikvam
- Department of Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, 5021 Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, 5020 Bergen, Norway
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +47-55975000
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14
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Nagy ÁG, Kanyó N, Vörös A, Székács I, Bonyár A, Horvath R. Population distributions of single-cell adhesion parameters during the cell cycle from high-throughput robotic fluidic force microscopy. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7747. [PMID: 35546603 PMCID: PMC9095720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11770-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-cell adhesion plays an essential role in biological and biomedical sciences, but its precise measurement for a large number of cells is still a challenging task. At present, typical force measuring techniques usually offer low throughput, a few cells per day, and therefore are unable to uncover phenomena emerging at the population level. In this work, robotic fluidic force microscopy (FluidFM) was utilized to measure the adhesion parameters of cells in a high-throughput manner to study their population distributions in-depth. The investigated cell type was the genetically engineered HeLa Fucci construct with cell cycle-dependent expression of fluorescent proteins. This feature, combined with the high-throughput measurement made it possible for the first time to characterize the single-cell adhesion distributions at various stages of the cell cycle. It was found that parameters such as single-cell adhesion force and energy follow a lognormal population distribution. Therefore, conclusions based on adhesion data of a low number of cells or treating the population as normally distributed can be misleading. Moreover, we found that the cell area was significantly the smallest, and the area normalized maximal adhesion force was significantly the largest for the colorless cells (the mitotic (M) and early G1 phases). Notably, the parameter characterizing the elongation of the cells until the maximum level of force between the cell and its substratum was also dependent on the cell cycle, which quantity was the smallest for the colorless cells. A novel parameter, named the spring coefficient of the cell, was introduced as the fraction of maximal adhesion force and maximal cell elongation during the mechanical detachment, which was found to be significantly the largest for the colorless cells. Cells in the M phase adhere in atypical way, with so-called reticular adhesions, which are different from canonical focal adhesions. We first revealed that reticular adhesion can exert a higher force per unit area than canonical focal adhesions, and cells in this phase are significantly stiffer. The possible biological consequences of these findings were also discussed, together with the practical relevance of the observed population-level adhesion phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágoston G Nagy
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nicolett Kanyó
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alexandra Vörös
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Inna Székács
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Bonyár
- Department of Electronics Technology, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Robert Horvath
- Nanobiosensorics Laboratory, Institute of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Budapest, Hungary.
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Ramos DFV, Mancuso RI, Contieri B, Duarte A, Paiva L, de Melo Carrilho J, Saad STO, Lazarini M. Rac GTPases in acute myeloid leukemia cells: Expression profile and biological effects of pharmacological inhibition. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 442:115990. [PMID: 35331739 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.115990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a highly heterogeneous hematological neoplasm with low survival rates. Thus, the investigation of new therapeutic targets is essential. The Rac subfamily of GTPase proteins has been shown to participate in the physiopathology of hematological malignancies. However, their expression and function in AML remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 gene expressions in AML and their impact on clinical outcomes. We further investigated the effects of the in vitro treatment with a Rac inhibitor (EHT-1864) on AML cell lines. Rac3 expression was increased in AML derived from myelodysplastic syndromes compared to healthy donors. Rac2 expression did not differ between AML patients and healthy donors, but de novo AML patients with higher Rac2 presented lower overall survival. Oncogenic pathway gene-sets related to AKT/mTOR were identified as associated with Rac1, Rac2 and Rac3 expressions. EHT-1864 treatment reduced the viability of OCI-AML3, KG1 and Kasumi-1 cells in a time and dose-dependent manner. In OCI-AML3 cells, treatment with EHT-1864 induced apoptosis, autophagy, and led to the accumulation of cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. These changes were concomitant with alterations in p53 and cyclins. Dowregulation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway was also observed. Interestingly, the combined treatment of EHT-1864 and low doses of daunorubicin enhanced OCI-AML3 cell apoptosis. In conclusion, Rac2 expression is a prognostic factor in AML and our preclinical results suggest that Rac inhibition may be an attractive mechanism to compose the antineoplastic strategy for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubia Isler Mancuso
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Contieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Duarte
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Paiva
- Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Lazarini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil; Hematology and Bloood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Tan Y, Li X, Tang M, Wang H, Chen Y, Ye H, Zhao J, Wu R, Wei P, Du L, Wan L. Metabolic profiling in liver microsomes and mice of E28, a potent FLT3 inhibitor. Xenobiotica 2022; 52:186-198. [PMID: 35078381 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2022.2033882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiandeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Minghai Tang
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Huan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Haoyu Ye
- Lab of Natural Product Drugs, Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China Chengdu
| | - Jiajia Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rui Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Panhong Wei
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Leilei Du
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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