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Dorai APS, Umina PA, Chirgwin E, Yang Q, Gu X, Thia J, Hoffmann A. Novel transinfections of Rickettsiella do not affect insecticide tolerance in Myzus persicae, Rhopalosiphum padi, or Diuraphis noxia (Hemiptera: Aphididae). JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 117:1377-1384. [PMID: 38935037 PMCID: PMC11318624 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphidoidea) are economically important crop pests worldwide. Because of growing issues with insecticide resistance and environmental contamination by insecticides, alternate methods are being explored to provide aphid control. Aphids contain endosymbiotic bacteria that affect host fitness and could be targeted as potential biocontrol agents, but such novel strategies should not impact the effectiveness of traditional chemical control. In this work, we used a novel endosymbiont transinfection to examine the impact of the endosymbiont Rickettsiella viridis on chemical tolerance in 3 important agricultural pest species of aphid: Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), Rhopalosiphum padi (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae), and Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko ex Kurdjumov) (Hemiptera: Aphididae). We tested tolerance to the commonly used insecticides alpha-cypermethrin, bifenthrin, and pirimicarb using a leaf-dip bioassay. We found no observed effect of this novel endosymbiont transinfection on chemical tolerance, suggesting that the strain of Rickettsiella tested here could be used as a biocontrol agent without affecting sensitivity to insecticides. This may allow Rickettsiella transinfections to be used in combination with chemical applications for pest control. The impacts of other endosymbionts on insecticide tolerance should be considered, along with tests on multiple aphid clones with different inherent levels of chemical tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashritha Prithiv Sivaji Dorai
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Paul A Umina
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC 3056, Australia
| | | | - Qiong Yang
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Xinyue Gu
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Joshua Thia
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Ary Hoffmann
- Pest and Environmental Adaptation Research Group, School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
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Mottet C, Caddoux L, Fontaine S, Plantamp C, Bass C, Barrès B. Myzus persicae resistance to neonicotinoids-unravelling the contribution of different mechanisms to phenotype. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024. [PMID: 39041680 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deciphering the mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance is key to devising appropriate strategies against this economically important trait. Myzus persicae, the green peach-potato aphid, is a major pest that has evolved resistance to many insecticide classes, including neonicotinoids. M. persicae resistance to neonicotinoids has previously been shown to result from two main mechanisms: metabolic resistance resulting from P450 overexpression and a targetsite mutation, R81T. However, their respective contribution to resistant phenotypes remains unclear. RESULTS By combining extensive insecticide bioassays with and without addition of the synergist PBO, and gene copy number and expression quantification of two key P450 enzymes (CYP6CY3 and CYP6CY4) in a 23 clone collection, we, (i) confirmed that metabolic resistance is correlated with P450 expression level, up to a threshold, (ii) demonstrated that the R81T mutation, in the homozygous state and in combination with P450 overexpression, leads to high levels of resistance to neonicotinoids, and, (iii) showed that there is a synergistic interaction between the P450 and R81T mechanisms, and that this interaction has the strongest impact on the strength of resistance phenotypes. However, even though the R81T mutation has a great effect on the resistance phenotype, different R81T genotypes can exhibit variation in the level of resistance, explained only partially by P450 overexpression. CONCLUSION To comprehend resistance phenotypes, it is important to take into account every mechanism at play, as well as the way these mechanisms interact. © 2024 The Author(s). Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Mottet
- Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - Benoît Barrès
- Université de Lyon, Anses, INRAE, USC CASPER, Lyon, France
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Thia JA, Zhan D, Robinson K, Umina PA, Hoffmann AA, Yang Q. 'Drifting' Buchnera genomes track the microevolutionary trajectories of their aphid hosts. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 39031957 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Evolution of Buchnera-aphid host symbioses is often studied among species at macroevolutionary scales. Investigations within species offer a different perspective about how eco-evolutionary processes shape patterns of genetic variation at microevolutionary scales. Our study leverages new and publicly available whole-genome sequencing data to study Buchnera-aphid host evolution in Myzus persicae, the peach potato aphid, a globally invasive and polyphagous pest. Across 43 different asexual, clonally reproducing isofemale strains, we examined patterns of genomic covariation between Buchnera and their aphid host and considered the distribution of mutations in protein-coding regions of the Buchnera genome. We found Buchnera polymorphisms within aphid strains, suggesting the presence of genetically different Buchnera strains within the same clonal lineage. Genetic distance between pairs of Buchnera samples was positively correlated to genetic distance between their aphid hosts, indicating shared evolutionary histories. However, there was no segregation of genetic variation for both M. persicae and Buchnera with plant host (Brassicaceae and non-tobacco Solanaceae) and no associations between genetic and geographic distance at global or regional spatial scales. Abundance patterns of non-synonymous mutations were similar to synonymous mutations in the Buchnera genome, and both mutation classes had similar site frequency spectra. We hypothesize that a predominance of neutral processes results in the Buchnera of M. persicae to simply 'drift' with the evolutionary trajectory of their aphid hosts. Our study presents a unique microevolutionary characterization of Buchnera-aphid host genomic covariation across multiple aphid clones. This provides a new perspective on the eco-evolutionary processes generating and maintaining polymorphisms in a major pest aphid species and its obligate primary endosymbiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Thia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dongwu Zhan
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Entomology and MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Katie Robinson
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NSW Department of Primary Industries, Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul A Umina
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cesar Australia Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ary A Hoffmann
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Qiong Yang
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang Y, Wang M, Zhang Y, Chen F, Sun M, Li S, Zhang J, Zhang F. Resistance to both aphids and nematodes in tobacco plants expressing a Bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3098-3106. [PMID: 38319036 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and its crystal toxin or δ-endotoxins (Cry) offer great potential for the efficient control of crop pests. A vast number of pests can potentially infect the same host plant, either simultaneously or sequentially. However, no effective Bt-Cry protein has been reported to control both aphids and plant parasitic nematodes due to its highly specific activity. RESULTS Our study indicated that the Cry5Ba2 protein was toxic to the green peach aphid Myzus persicae, which had a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 9.7 ng μL-1 and fiducial limits of 3.1-34.6 ng μL-1. Immunohistochemical localization of Cry5Ba2 revealed that it could bind to the apical tip of microvilli in midgut regions. Moreover, transgenic tobacco plants expressing Cry5Ba2 exhibited significant resistance to Myzus persicae, as evidenced by reduced insect survival and impaired fecundity, and also intoxicated the Meloidogyne incognita as indicated by a decrease in galls and progeny reproduction. CONCLUSION In sum, we identified a new aphicidal Bt toxin resource that could simultaneously control both aboveground and belowground pests, thus extending the application range of Bt-based strategy for crop protection. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - MengNan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Hubei Hongshan laboratory, Wuhan, China
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Wan Y, Wu HJ, Yang JP, Zhang JL, Shen ZC, Xu HJ, Ye YX. Chromosome-level genome assembly of the bethylid ectoparasitoid wasp Sclerodermus sp. 'alternatusi'. Sci Data 2024; 11:438. [PMID: 38698068 PMCID: PMC11065869 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03278-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The Bethylidae are the most diverse of Hymenoptera chrysidoid families. As external parasitoids, the bethylids have been widely adopted as biocontrol agents to control insect pests worldwide. Thus far, the genomic information of the family Bethylidae has not been reported yet. In this study, we crystallized into a high-quality chromosome-level genome of ant-like bethylid wasps Sclerodermus sp. 'alternatusi' (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) using PacBio sequencing as well as Hi-C technology. The assembled S. alternatusi genome was 162.30 Mb in size with a contig N50 size of 3.83 Mb and scaffold N50 size of 11.10 Mb. Totally, 92.85% assembled sequences anchored to 15 pseudo-chromosomes. A total of 10,204 protein-coding genes were annotated, and 23.01 Mb repetitive sequences occupying 14.17% of genome were pinpointed. The BUSCO results showed that 97.9% of the complete core Insecta genes were identified in the genome, while 97.1% in the gene sets. The high-quality genome of S. alternatusi will not only provide valuable genomic information, but also show insights into parasitoid wasp evolution and bio-control application in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hui-Jie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jia-Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jin-Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhi-Cheng Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Hai-Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Yu-Xuan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Zhejiang University Zhongyuan Institute, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
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Li Z, Li W, Mu Q, Zhu Y, Qin W, Shi X, He Y. Rifampicin synergizes the toxicity of insecticides against the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 276:116291. [PMID: 38581910 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Myzus persicae is an important pest that has developed resistance to nearly all currently used insecticidal products. The employment of insecticide synergists is one of the effective strategies that need to be developed for the management of this resistance. Our study showed that treatment with a combination of the antibiotic, rifampicin, with imidacloprid, cyantraniliprole, or clothianidin significantly increased their toxicities against M. persicae, by 2.72, 3.59, and 2.41 folds, respectively. Rifampicin treatment led to a noteworthy reduction in the activities of multifunctional oxidases (by 32.64%) and esterases (by 23.80%), along with a decrease in the expression of the CYP6CY3 gene (by 58.57%) in M. persicae. It also negatively impacted the fitness of the aphids, including weight, life span, number of offspring, and elongation of developmental duration. In addition, bioassays showed that the combination of rifampicin and a detoxification enzyme inhibitor, piperonyl butoxide, or dsRNA of CYP6CY3 further significantly improved the toxicity of imidacloprid against M. persicae, by 6.19- and 7.55-fold, respectively. The present study suggests that development of active ingredients such as rifampicin as candidate synergists, show promise to overcome metabolic resistance to insecticides in aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Li
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China; School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Guizhou Province Tobacco Companies Qian xinan Municipal Tobacco Company, Xingyi 562400, China
| | - Yicheng Zhu
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaobin Shi
- Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Yueping He
- Hubei Insect Resources Utilization and Sustainable Pest Management Key Laboratory, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Stará J, Hovorka T, Horská T, Zusková E, Kocourek F. Pyrethroid and carbamate resistance in Czech populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) from oilseed rape. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:2342-2352. [PMID: 37402271 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Failures in controlling Myzus persicae by pyrethroids and carbamates have been observed in Czechia since 2018. Eleven populations collected from Czech oilseed rape fields during 2018-2021 were tested for susceptibility to 11 insecticides. The presence of a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) leading to knockdown resistance in M. persicae populations was screened using allelic discriminating quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The presence of mutations related with the resistance of M. persicae to pyrethroids and carbamates was detected by sequencing paratype voltage-gated sodium channel and acetylcholinesterase 2 genes, respectively. RESULTS Resistance to alpha-cypermethrin and pirimicarb was detected in most of the tested populations. The L1014F mutation was detected in 44.5% of M. persicae individuals surviving the field-recommended dose of alpha-cypermethrin. Sequencing of partial para gene for paratype voltage-gated sodium channel detected five different SNPs leading to four amino acid substitutions (kdr L1014F; s-kdr M918L; s-kdr M918T; and L932F). No pyrethroid-sensitive genotype was detected. The S431F amino acid substitution conferring resistance to carbamates was detected in 11 of 20 individuals with different pyrethroid-resistance genotypes. CONCLUSION Resistance of M. persicae to both pyrethroids and carbamates was detected in nine of 11 populations. High resistance of M. persicae was correlated with mutations of the sodium channel. Sulfoxaflor, flonicamid, and spirotetramat are proposed as effective compounds to control pyrethroid- and carbamate-resistant populations of M. persicae. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitka Stará
- Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tomáš Hovorka
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Entomology, National Museum, Prague, Czechia
| | - Tereza Horská
- Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Zusková
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - František Kocourek
- Department of Integrated Crop Protection against Pests, Crop Research Institute, Prague, Czechia
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Ward S, Jalali T, van Rooyen A, Reidy-Crofts J, Moore K, Edwards O, Umina PA. The evolving story of sulfoxaflor resistance in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:866-873. [PMID: 37816144 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most economically important crop pests worldwide. Insecticide resistance in this pest was first detected over 60 years ago, with resistance in M. persicae now spanning over 80 active ingredients. Sulfoxaflor is a relatively new insecticide that is primarily used to control sap-feeding insects. In 2018 resistance to sulfoxaflor was discovered in field populations of M. persicae in Australia. This study aimed to determine the current distribution and phenotypic levels of sulfoxaflor resistance in Australian clones of M. persicae and to investigate how these patterns relate to clonal type. RESULTS For the first time, we show there is low-level resistance (8-26-fold) distributed across Australia, with resistance being detected in aphids collected from approximately 20% of all M. persicae collected and screened. Furthermore, this study shows sulfoxaflor resistance is found in two M. persicae haplotypes, providing evidence that there have been multiple independent evolutionary events which have given rise to sulfoxaflor resistance in this species. CONCLUSION These findings have important implications for the chemical control of M. persicae in Australia, especially when considering the broader genetic background of these aphids which are known to harbour a number of other insecticide resistance mechanisms. We recommend continuous monitoring of sulfoxaflor resistance in field populations of M. persicae (in Australia and elsewhere) and further research into the underlying genetic mechanisms conferring resistance to sulfoxaflor in both clonal haplotypes. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tara Jalali
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, VIC, Australia
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Courtier-Orgogozo V. The loci of insect phenotypic evolution. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 60:101134. [PMID: 37858791 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Insects are important elements of terrestrial ecosystems because they pollinate plants, destroy crops, transmit diseases to livestock and humans, and are important components of food chains. Here, I used Gephebase, a manually curated database of genetic variants associated with natural and domesticated trait variation, to explore current knowledge about the genes and the mutations known to contribute to natural phenotypic variation in insects. Analysis of over 600 mutations reveals that data are concentrated toward certain species and traits and that experimental approaches have changed over time. The distribution of coding and cis-regulatory changes varies with traits, experimental approaches, and identified gene loci. Recent studies highlight the important role of standing variation, repeated mutations in hotspot genes, recombination, inversions, and introgression.
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10
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Baril T, Pym A, Bass C, Hayward A. Transposon accumulation at xenobiotic gene family loci in aphids. Genome Res 2023; 33:1718-1733. [PMID: 37852781 PMCID: PMC10691553 DOI: 10.1101/gr.277820.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
The evolution of resistance is a major challenge for the sustainable control of pests and pathogens. Thus, a deeper understanding of the evolutionary and genomic mechanisms underpinning resistance evolution is required to safeguard health and food production. Several studies have implicated transposable elements (TEs) in xenobiotic-resistance evolution in insects. However, analyses are generally restricted to one insect species and/or one or a few xenobiotic gene families (XGFs). We examine evidence for TE accumulation at XGFs by performing a comparative genomic analysis across 20 aphid genomes, considering major subsets of XGFs involved in metabolic resistance to insecticides: cytochrome P450s, glutathione S-transferases, esterases, UDP-glucuronosyltransferases, and ABC transporters. We find that TEs are significantly enriched at XGFs compared with other genes. XGFs show similar levels of TE enrichment to those of housekeeping genes. But unlike housekeeping genes, XGFs are not constitutively expressed in germline cells, supporting the selective enrichment of TEs at XGFs rather than enrichment owing to chromatin availability. Hotspots of extreme TE enrichment occur around certain XGFs. We find, in aphids of agricultural importance, particular enrichment of TEs around cytochrome P450 genes with known functions in the detoxification of synthetic insecticides. Our results provide evidence supporting a general role for TEs as a source of genomic variation at host XGFs and highlight the existence of considerable variability in TE content across XGFs and host species. These findings show the need for detailed functional verification analyses to clarify the significance of individual TE insertions and elucidate underlying mechanisms at TE-XGF hotspots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Baril
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Pym
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Hayward
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom
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Dong F, Chen X, Men X, Li Z, Kong Y, Yuan Y, Ge F. Contact Toxicity, Antifeedant Activity, and Oviposition Preference of Osthole against Agricultural Pests. INSECTS 2023; 14:725. [PMID: 37754693 PMCID: PMC10531909 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Osthole, the dominant bioactive constituent in the Cnidium monnieri, has shown acute pesticidal activities. However, its detailed toxicity, antifeedant, and oviposition preference effects against agricultural pests have not been fully understood, limiting its practical use. This study aimed to investigate the contact toxicity, antifeedant activity, and oviposition preference of osthole against three agricultural pests (Tetranychus urticae, Myzus persicae, and Bactrocera dorsalis). Our results showed that the Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson (CMC) has a high osthole content of 11.4 mg/g. Osthole exhibited a higher level of acute toxicity against the T. urticae to four other coumarins found in CMC. It showed significant pesticidal activity against T. urticae and M. persicae first-instar nymphs and adults in a dose-dependent manner but not against B. dorsalis adults. Osthole exposure reduced the fecundity and prolonged the developmental time of the T. urticae and M. persicae. Leaf choice bioassays revealed potent antifeedant activity in the T. urticae and M. persicae. Furthermore, the female B. dorsalis showed a distinct preference for laying eggs in mango juice with 0.02 mg/mL osthole at 48 h, a preference that persisted at 96 h. These results provide valuable insights into the toxicity, repellent activity, and attractant activity of osthole, thereby providing valuable insights into its potential efficacy in pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Dong
- Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps Key Laboratory of Special Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization, College of Agriculture, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xin Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Cangzhou Normal University, Cangzhou 061001, China;
| | - Xingyuan Men
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhuo Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yujun Kong
- School of Life Sciences, Institute of Life Sciences and Green Development, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;
| | - Yiyang Yuan
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
| | - Feng Ge
- Institute of Plant Protection, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China; (X.M.); (Z.L.)
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12
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De Rouck S, İnak E, Dermauw W, Van Leeuwen T. A review of the molecular mechanisms of acaricide resistance in mites and ticks. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 159:103981. [PMID: 37391089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
The Arachnida subclass of Acari comprises many harmful pests that threaten agriculture as well as animal health, including herbivorous spider mites, the bee parasite Varroa, the poultry mite Dermanyssus and several species of ticks. Especially in agriculture, acaricides are often used intensively to minimize the damage they inflict, promoting the development of resistance. Beneficial predatory mites used in biological control are also subjected to acaricide selection in the field. The development and use of new genetic and genomic tools such as genome and transcriptome sequencing, bulked segregant analysis (QTL mapping), and reverse genetics via RNAi or CRISPR/Cas9, have greatly increased our understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms of resistance in Acari, especially in the spider mite Tetranychus urticae which emerged as a model species. These new techniques allowed to uncover and validate new resistance mutations in a larger range of species. In addition, they provided an impetus to start elucidating more challenging questions on mechanisms of gene regulation of detoxification associated with resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander De Rouck
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Emre İnak
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ankara University, Dıskapı, 06110, Ankara, Turkiye
| | - Wannes Dermauw
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium; Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Plant Sciences Unit, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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13
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Skouras PJ, Karanastasi E, Lycoskoufis I, Demopoulos V, Darras AI, Tsafouros A, Tsalgatidou PC, Margaritopoulos JT, Stathas GJ. Toxicity and Lethal Effect of Greenhouse Insecticides on Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) as Biological Control Agent of Myzus persicae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). TOXICS 2023; 11:584. [PMID: 37505550 PMCID: PMC10385029 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Deltamethrin and imidacloprid are commonly used insecticides for controlling sub-sucking insects in greenhouses. However, their application may cause sublethal effects on the aphid coccinellid predator Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Here, we study (i) the toxicity and the effect of two sublethal doses (LD10 and LD30) of deltamethrin and imidacloprid on C. septempunctata in a laboratory microcosm and (ii) the residual toxicity of the two insecticides in a greenhouse. The results showed that both insecticides reduced fecundity, longevity, the intrinsic rate of increase, the finite rate of increase and the net reproductive rate. However, the developmental time of the fourth instar larvae was prolonged by both insecticides at LD10 and LD30. Deltamethrin residues were toxic 21 DAT (days after treatment) to C. septempunctata fourth instar larvae. In contrast, imidacloprid began in the slightly harmful category (75%) 1 DAT and declined to the harmless category (18.33%) 21 DAT. These results indicate that deltamethrin and imidacloprid have potential risks to C. septempunctata. This study provides information to guide the development of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis J Skouras
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Eirini Karanastasi
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Department of Agriculture, University of Patras, Nea Ktiria, 30200 Mesolonghi, Greece
| | - Ioannis Lycoskoufis
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Vasilis Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Plant Protection, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
| | - Anastasios I Darras
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Athanasios Tsafouros
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Polina C Tsalgatidou
- Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization "DEMETER", 38334 Volos, Greece
| | - George J Stathas
- Laboratory of Agricultural Entomology and Zoology, Department of Agriculture, University of the Peloponnese, Kalamata Campus, 24100 Antikalamos, Greece
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14
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Li Y, Ni S, Wang Y, Li R, Sun H, Ye X, Tian Z, Zhang Y, Liu J. The chemosensory protein 1 contributes to indoxacarb resistance in Plutella xylostella (L.). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:2456-2468. [PMID: 36809665 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insecticide resistance continuously poses a threat to agricultural production. Chemosensory protein-mediated resistance is a new mechanism of insecticide resistance discovered in recent years. In-depth research on resistance mediated by chemosensory proteins (CSPs) provides new insight into aid insecticide resistance management. RESULTS Chemosensory protein 1 in Plutella xylostella (PxCSP1) was overexpressed in the two indoxacarb-resistant field populations and PxCSP1 has a high affinity with indoxacarb. PxCSP1 was upregulated when exposed to indoxacarb and the knockdown of this gene elevated sensitivity to indoxacarb, which demonstrate that PxCSP1 is involved in the indoxacarb resistance. Considering that CSPs may confer resistance in insects via binding or sequestering, we explored the binding mechanism of indoxacarb in PxCSP1-mediated resistance. Using molecular dynamics simulations and site-directed mutation, we found that indoxacarb forms a solid complex with PxCSP1 mainly through van der Waals interactions and electrostatic interactions. Between these, the electrostatic interaction provided by the Lys100 side chain in PxCSP1, and especially the hydrogen bonding between the NZ atom and the O of the carbamoyl carbonyl group of indoxacarb, are the key factors for the high affinity of PxCSP1 to indoxacarb. CONCLUSIONS The overexpression of PxCPS1 and its high affinity to indoxacarb is partially responsible for indoxacarb resistance in P. xylostella. Modification of indoxacarb's carbamoyl group has the potential to alleviate indoxacarb resistance in P. xylostella. These findings will contribute to solving chemosensory protein-mediated indoxacarb resistance and provide a better understanding of the insecticide resistance mechanism. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shujun Ni
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yunping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Ruichi Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuan Ye
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yalin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources & Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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15
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Bass C, Nauen R. The molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in aphid crop pests. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 156:103937. [PMID: 37023831 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2023.103937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are a group of hemipteran insects that include some of the world's most economically important agricultural pests. The control of pest aphids has relied heavily on the use of chemical insecticides, however, the evolution of resistance poses a serious threat to their sustainable control. Over 1000 cases of resistance have now been documented for aphids involving a remarkable diversity of mechanisms that, individually or in combination, allow the toxic effect of insecticides to be avoided or overcome. In addition to its applied importance as a growing threat to human food security, insecticide resistance in aphids also offers an exceptional opportunity to study evolution under strong selection and gain insight into the genetic variation fuelling rapid adaptation. In this review we summarise the biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance in the most economically important aphid pests worldwide and the insights study of this topic has provided on the genomic architecture of adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Bass
- Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom.
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, Monheim, Germany.
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16
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Kirkland LS, Chirgwin E, Ward SE, Congdon BS, van Rooyen A, Umina PA. P450-mediated resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reduces the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments in Brassica napus. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1851-1859. [PMID: 36651838 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prophylactic use of seeds treated with neonicotinoid insecticides remains an important means of controlling aphid pests in canola (Brassica napus) crops in many countries. Yet, one of the most economically important aphid species worldwide, the peach potato aphid (Myzus persicae), has evolved mechanisms which confer resistance to neonicotinoids, including amplification of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. While CYP6CY3 amplification has been associated with low-level resistance to several neonicotinoids in laboratory acute toxicity bioassays, its impact on insecticide efficacy in the field remains unresolved. In this study, we investigated the impact of CYP6CY3 amplification on the ability of M. persicae to survive neonicotinoid exposure under laboratory and semi-field conditions. RESULTS Three M. persicae clones, possessing different copy numbers of CYP6CY3, were shown to respond differently when exposed to the neonicotinoids, imidacloprid and thiamethoxam, in laboratory bioassays. Two clones, EastNaernup209 and Osborne171, displayed low levels of resistance (3-20-fold), which is consistent with previous studies. However, in a large-scale semi-field trial, both clones showed a surprising ability to survive and reproduce on B. napus seedlings grown from commercial rates of neonicotinoid-treated seed. In contrast, an insecticide-susceptible clone, of wild-type CYP6CY3 copy number, was unable to survive on seedlings treated in the same manner. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that amplification of CYP6CY3 in M. persicae clones substantially impairs the efficacy of neonicotinoid seed treatments when applied to B. napus. These findings highlight the potentially important real-world implications of resistances typically considered to be 'low level' as defined through laboratory bioassays. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Benjamin S Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, Australia
| | | | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, Brunswick, Australia
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Cowan G, MacFarlane S, Torrance L. A new simple and effective method for PLRV infection to screen for virus resistance in potato. J Virol Methods 2023; 315:114691. [PMID: 36787852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Effective screening of plant germplasm collections for resistance to plant viruses requires that there is a rapid and efficient system in place to challenge individual plants with the virus. Potato leafroll virus (PLRV), a commercially important pathogen of potato, is able naturally to infect only the phloem-associated tissue of plants and is delivered to this tissue by feeding aphids. Mechanical (non-vector-mediated) infection by PLRV does not occur thus screening for PLRV resistance is currently laborious and time consuming. We constructed an infectious cDNA clone of a new (Hutton) isolate of PLRV in the binary vector pDIVA and transformed it into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404. Infiltration of this culture into leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana, a highly susceptible model plant, produced a systemic infection with PLRV, although this approach was not successful for potato. However, a very efficient and reproducible systemic infection of potato was achieved when we submerged cut stems of the plant into the agrobacterium cell suspension and then transplanted the stems into compost to grow roots and new apical leaves. Using a standardised protocol developed for this new PLRV inoculation method we have confirmed the previously described resistance to the virus in the JHI breeding line G8107(1) and identified 62 plant accessions from the Commonwealth Potato Collection in which no PLRV infection was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Cowan
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland.
| | - Stuart MacFarlane
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
| | - Lesley Torrance
- Cell and Molecular Sciences Dept., The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland
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18
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Sun Z, Chen Y, Chen Y, Lu Z, Gui F. Tracking Adaptive Pathways of Invasive Insects: Novel Insight from Genomics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24098004. [PMID: 37175710 PMCID: PMC10179030 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the huge human and economic costs of invasive insects, which are the main group of invasive species, their environmental impacts through various mechanisms remain inadequately explained in databases and much of the invasion biology literature. High-throughput sequencing technology, especially whole-genome sequencing, has been used as a powerful method to study the mechanisms through which insects achieve invasion. In this study, we reviewed whole-genome sequencing-based advances in revealing several important invasion mechanisms of invasive insects, including (1) the rapid genetic variation and evolution of invasive populations, (2) invasion history and dispersal paths, (3) rapid adaptation to different host plant ranges, (4) strong environmental adaptation, (5) the development of insecticide resistance, and (6) the synergistic damage caused by invasive insects and endosymbiotic bacteria. We also discussed prevention and control technologies based on whole-genome sequencing and their prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Yaping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Zhihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Furong Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Biological Resources of Yunnan, College of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
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19
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Boissot N. NLRs are highly relevant resistance genes for aphid pests. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2023; 56:101008. [PMID: 36764482 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2023.101008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the 20th century, when plant resistance to aphids was available, it has been widely used by farmers and the inheritance of plant resistance has been understood for several crops. However, it is only when the plant-aphid relationship was compared with that of microbial pathogens, that aphid resistance has begun to be understood and integrated into the plant immune network. Three of the four genes identified for plant resistance to aphid encode nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat receptor (NLR) proteins responsible for aphid-effector triggered immunity, and NLRs are serious candidates for aphid resistance in four other plant species. Aphids are vectors for plant viruses, and aphid-effectors triggering immunity when they pierce plant cells are expected to trigger resistance to the viruses transmitted to the plant with effectors, as has been shown for aphid resistance in melon. This dual phenotype increases the interest of NLRs in the control of aphids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Boissot
- INRAE, Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, 84143 Montfavet, France.
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20
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Li Z, Li W, Qin W, Liu J, He Y. Ampicillin enhanced the resistance of Myzus persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:1388-1398. [PMID: 36453026 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have shown that symbionts are involved in regulating insecticide detoxification in insects. However, there are few studies on the relationship between the symbionts found in Myzus persicae and the mechanism underlying host detoxification of insecticides. In this study, antibiotic ampicillin treatment was used to investigate the possible relationship between symbiotic bacteria and the detoxification of insecticides in the host, M. persicae. RESULTS Bioassays showed that ampicillin significantly reduced the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole. Synergistic bioassays and RNAi assays showed that the susceptibilities of M. persicae to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole were related to metabolic detoxification enzyme activities and the expression level of the cytochrome P450 gene, CYP6CY3. Also, treatment to a combination of ampicillin and enzyme inhibitors or dsCYP6CY3 showed that the negative effect of ampicillin on the susceptibility of M. persicae was effectively inhibited bydetoxification enzyme inhibitors and dsCYP6CY3. Additionally, ampicillin treatment resulted in significant increases in the activities of multifunctional oxidases and esterases, the expression level of CYP6CY3 and fitness of M. persicae. Further, ampicillin significantly reduced the total bacterial abundance and changed symbiont diversity in M. persicae. The abundance of Pseudomonadaceae decreased significantly, while the abundance of Rhodococcus and Buchnera increased significantly. CONCLUSION Our study showed that ampicillin enhanced the resistance levels to imidacloprid and cyantraniliprole of M. persicae, which might be related to the selective elimination of symbiotic bacteria, the upregulated activities of detoxification enzymes and the increased fitness. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zengxin Li
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Institute of Plant Protection, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Weiwei Qin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyou Liu
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yueping He
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Insect Resource Application and Sustainable Pest Control, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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21
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Abstract
Insects constitute vital components of ecosystems. There is alarming evidence for global declines in insect species diversity, abundance, and biomass caused by anthropogenic drivers such as habitat degradation or loss, agricultural practices, climate change, and environmental pollution. This raises important concerns about human food security and ecosystem functionality and calls for more research to assess insect population trends and identify threatened species and the causes of declines to inform conservation strategies. Analysis of genetic diversity is a powerful tool to address these goals, but so far animal conservation genetics research has focused strongly on endangered vertebrates, devoting less attention to invertebrates, such as insects, that constitute most biodiversity. Insects' shorter generation times and larger population sizes likely necessitate different analytical methods and management strategies. The availability of high-quality reference genome assemblies enables population genomics to address several key issues. These include precise inference of past demographic fluctuations and recent declines, measurement of genetic load levels, delineation of evolutionarily significant units and cryptic species, and analysis of genetic adaptation to stressors. This enables identification of populations that are particularly vulnerable to future threats, considering their potential to adapt and evolve. We review the application of population genomics to insect conservation and the outlook for averting insect declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Webster
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden;
| | - Alexis Beaurepaire
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Neumann
- Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Agroscope, Swiss Bee Research Centre, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eckart Stolle
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
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22
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Diversity and Regional Variation of Endosymbionts in the Green Peach Aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). DIVERSITY 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/d15020206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is globally distributed and an important pest of many economically valuable food crops, largely due to its ability to transmit plant viruses. Almost all aphids, including M. persicae, carry the obligate symbiont Buchnera aphidicola, which provides essential amino acids that aphids cannot obtain from the phloem of plants themselves. Many aphids also harbor facultative (secondary) endosymbionts, which provide benefits under specific ecological conditions. In this study, we screened for secondary endosymbionts in M. persicae, with a particular focus on Australian populations where this species is growing in status as a major agricultural pest. We compared 37 Australian M. persicae populations with other populations, including 21 field populations from China and 15 clones from the UK, France, Italy, Greece, USA, Spain, South Korea, Chile, Japan and Zimbabwe. No secondary endosymbionts were identified in M. persicae samples outside of China, despite samples covering a wide geographic range and being collected from several host plant families. We detected two secondary endosymbionts (Rickettsia, Spiroplasma) in Chinese samples, although diversity appeared lower than detected in a recent study. We also found very high clonal diversity in Chinese samples based on DNA microsatellite markers in comparison with lower clonal diversity from Australia. These patterns may indicate a higher diversity of secondary endosymbionts (and clonal diversity) in the native range of M. persicae when compared to its invasive range.
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23
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Trissi N, Troczka BJ, Ozsanlav-Harris L, Singh KS, Mallott M, Aishwarya V, O'Reilly A, Bass C, Wilding CS. Differential regulation of the Tor gene homolog drives the red/green pigmentation phenotype in the aphid Myzuspersicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 153:103896. [PMID: 36587809 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In some aphid species, intraspecific variation in body colour is caused by differential carotenoid content: whilst green aphids contain only yellow carotenoids (β-, γ-, and β,γ-carotenes), red aphids additionally possess red carotenoids (torulene and 3,4-didehydrolycopene). Unusually, within animals who typically obtain carotenoids from their diet, ancestral horizontal gene transfer of carotenoid biosynthetic genes from fungi (followed by gene duplication), have imbued aphids with the intrinsic gene repertoire necessary to biosynthesise carotenoids. In the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum a lycopene (phytoene) desaturase gene (Tor) underpins the red/green phenotype, with this locus present in heterozygous form in red individuals but absent in green aphids, resulting in them being unable to convert lycopene into the red compounds 3,4-didehydrolycopene and torulene. The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, separated from the pea aphid for ≈45MY also exists as distinct colour variable morphs, with both red and green individuals present. Here, we examined genomic data for both red and green morphs of M. persicae and identified an enlarged (compared to A. pisum) repertoire of 16 carotenoid biosynthetic genes (11 carotenoid desaturases and five carotenoid cyclase/synthase genes). From these, we identify the homolog of A. pisum Tor (here called carotene desaturase 2 or CDE-2) and show through 3D modelling that this homolog can accommodate the torulene precursor lycopene and, through RNA knockdown feeding experiments, demonstrate that disabling CDE-2 expression in red M. persicae clones results in green-coloured offspring. Unlike in A. pisum, we show that functional CDE-2 is present in the genomes of both red and green aphids. However, expression differences between the two colour morphs (350-700 fold CDE-2 overexpression in red clones), potentially driven by variants identified in upstream putative regulatory elements, underpin this phenotype. Thus, whilst aphids have a common origin of their carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, two aphid species separated for over 40MY have evolved very different drivers of intraspecific colour variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Trissi
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Luke Ozsanlav-Harris
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Kumar Saurabh Singh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Mark Mallott
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Andrias O'Reilly
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Craig S Wilding
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Shih PY, Sugio A, Simon JC. Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Host Plant Specificity in Aphids. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2023; 68:431-450. [PMID: 36228134 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120220-020526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are serious pests of agricultural and ornamental plants and important model systems for hemipteran-plant interactions. The long evolutionary history of aphids with their host plants has resulted in a variety of systems that provide insight into the different adaptation strategies of aphids to plants and vice versa. In the past, various plant-aphid interactions have been documented, but lack of functional tools has limited molecular studies on the mechanisms of plant-aphid interactions. Recent technological advances have begun to reveal plant-aphid interactions at the molecular level and to increase our knowledge of the mechanisms of aphid adaptation or specialization to different host plants. In this article, we compile and analyze available information on plant-aphid interactions, discuss the limitations of current knowledge, and argue for new research directions. We advocate for more work that takes advantage of natural systems and recently established molecular techniques to obtain a comprehensive view of plant-aphid interaction mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Shih
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Akiko Sugio
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRAE (National Institute of Agriculture, Food and Environment), UMR IGEPP, Le Rheu, France; , ,
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Zafeiriou I, Ntoanidou S, Baira E, Kasiotis KM, Barmpouni T, Machera K, Mylona PV. Ingenious characterization and assessment of lentil germplasm collection to aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum stress unveils distinct responses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1011026. [PMID: 36618648 PMCID: PMC9811392 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1011026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lentil cultivation is often hampered by aphid population outspreads with detrimental impacts to crop development and production, challenging food safety and agriculture sustainability. The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum) is a significant threat to lentil in the temperate zone rainfed systems. A set of management practices including resilient cultivars and application of insecticides have effectively controlled aphid infestation. However, the plant defense against insect pests is scantily dissected and limited to the individual components including antibiosis, antixenosis and tolerance that constitute a combination of plant stress responses. Utilizing a lentil germplasm collection, we assessed the antixenosis and aphid tolerance mechanisms in association to important morphological parameters. Physiological parameters including relative water content (RWC) measured at 24h and 48h post-aphid infestation revealed genotype-specific responses. The contents of key plant hormones including salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), abscisic acid (ABA) and indoleacetic acid (IAA) implicated in defense signal-transduction pathways were also determined in lentil accessions after aphid herbivory infestation. In parallel, the expression of hallmark defense genes governed by SA- and JA-signaling pathways at 24h and 48h post aphid herbivory revealed significant differentiation patterns among the accessions. An interplay of hormone crosstalk is unveiled that possibly governs defense responses and aphid resistance. Besides the metabolomic profiling of accessions under aphid herbivory indicated the indispensable role of key secondary metabolites accumulation such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics and fatty acids as a front line of plant defense and a potential integration of hormone signaling pathways in metabolome reprogramming. Overall, the study presents a panorama of distinct lentil responses to aphids and a critical view of the molecular mechanisms implicated in lentil insect defense to further our insight and advance crop protection and breeding approaches in a climate changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Zafeiriou
- Institute of Plant Breeding & Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER (HAO-DEMETER), Thermi, Greece
| | - Symela Ntoanidou
- Institute of Plant Breeding & Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER (HAO-DEMETER), Thermi, Greece
| | - Eirini Baira
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Athens, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Konstantinos M. Kasiotis
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Athens, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Theodora Barmpouni
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Athens, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Machera
- Benaki Phytopathological Institute, Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy, Laboratory of Pesticides’ Toxicology, Athens, Kifissia, Greece
| | - Photini V. Mylona
- Institute of Plant Breeding & Genetic Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER (HAO-DEMETER), Thermi, Greece
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Lee S, Oh DJ, Lee S, Chung SB, Dong-Soon K. Subspecific Synonym of Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae): Population Genetics and Morphological Reassessment. JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 115:1987-1994. [PMID: 36351783 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842, is a major forest pest that hosts the pathogenic pinewood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner and Buhrer, 1934) Nickle 1970. Taxonomically, M. alternatus is currently divided into two subspecies, based on morphology and geography: Monochamus alternatus alternatus Hope, 1842 in China, Taiwan, Tibet, Vietnam, and Laos and Monochamus alternatus endai Makihara, 2004 in South Korea and Japan. Despite their economic importance, the subspecies taxonomy of M. alternatus has never been tested after the first description. In this study, we aimed to reassess the subspecies taxonomy of M. alternatus using molecular and morphological data. For morphological analysis, we examined three major morphological characters (pronotal longitudinal band, granulation on humeri, and elytral proximomedial spine) from 191 individuals from China, Korea, and Taiwan. Population genetic structures were examined using 85 de novo sequences and 82 public COI sequences from China, Korea, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, and a few intercepted specimens from the United States. All the genetic data were aligned as three different multiple sequence alignments. Individuals from each subspecies were morphologically and genetically scattered, not clustered according to subspecies in any of the analyses. Therefore, a new synonymy is proposed: Monochamus alternatus Hope, 1842 = Monochamus alternatus endai, syn. n. This study suggests a more robust classification of M. alternatus for the first time and ultimately will pose a substantial impact on implementing quarantine or forestry policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seunghyun Lee
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 92 Box, No. 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Ju Oh
- Biodiversity Research Institute, Jeju Technopark, 338, Sillyedong-ro, Namwon-eup, Seogwipo-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Bae Chung
- Jeju Nature School, 982-37, Pyeonghwa-ro, Aewol-eup, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Kim Dong-Soon
- Majors in Plant Resource Sciences and Environment, College of Applied Life Science, SARI, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
- The Research Institute for Subtropical Agriculture and Biotechnology, Jeju National University, 102, Jejudaehak-ro, Jeju-si, Jeju-do, Republic of Korea
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Umina PA, Bass C, van Rooyen A, Chirgwin E, Arthur AL, Pym A, Mackisack J, Mathews A, Kirkland L. Spirotetramat resistance in Myzus persicae (Sulzer) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and its association with the presence of the A2666V mutation. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:4822-4831. [PMID: 35900771 PMCID: PMC9804573 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemicals are widely used to protect field crops against aphid pests and aphid-borne viral diseases. One such species is Myzus persicae (Sulzer), a global pest that attacks a broad array of agricultural crops and transmits many economically damaging plant viruses. This species has evolved resistance to a large number of insecticide compounds as a result of widespread and repeated chemical use in many parts of the world. In this study, we investigated the evolution of resistance to a new plant protection product, spirotetramat, following reported chemical control failures. RESULTS Our study provides clear phenotypic and genotypic evidence of spirotetramat resistance in populations of M. persicae from Australia. We show there is cross-resistance to other insecticides within the same chemical group, namely spiromesifen and spirodiclofen. We also demonstrate that resistance is associated with the previously reported mutation, A2226V in the target site of spirotetramat, acetyl-CoA carboxylase. Our genetic analysis found all resistant M. persicae populations belong to the same multi-locus clonal type and carry the A2226V mutation, which appears to be inherited as a dominant trait in this species. CONCLUSION Our findings provide new insight into the resistance conferred by A2226V and have implications for the control of M. persicae in Australia and worldwide. A diagnostic assay developed in this study should serve as a valuable tool for future resistance monitoring and to support the implementation of pest management strategies. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A. Umina
- Cesar Australia95 Albert StBrunswickVictoriaAustralia
- School of BioSciencesThe University of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | | | | | | | - Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Jo Mackisack
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Andrew Mathews
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of ExeterPenrynUK
| | - Lisa Kirkland
- Cesar Australia95 Albert StBrunswickVictoriaAustralia
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González-González A, Yañez O, Ballesteros GI, Palma-Millanao R, Figueroa CC, Niemeyer HM, Ramírez CC. A mutation increases the specificity to plant compounds in an insect chemosensory protein. J Mol Graph Model 2022; 114:108191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2022.108191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Orengo-Green JJ, Casas JL, Marcos-García MÁ. Effect of Abiotic Climatic Factors on the Gonadal Maturation of the Biocontrol Agent Sphaerophoria rueppellii (Wiedemann, 1830) (Diptera: Syrphidae). INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13070573. [PMID: 35886749 PMCID: PMC9320043 DOI: 10.3390/insects13070573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Knowledge about the morphology and functioning of the male and female reproductive system in insects is key to understanding their reproductive biology, and to assessing the effects that environmental factors, such as temperature or photoperiod, can have on oviposition, fecundity, and lifespan. This knowledge is particularly interesting in those species that are mass-reared, as in the case of the predatory syrphid Sphaerophoria rueppellii. Given the lack of published information regarding sexual maturation in syrphids, this type of study, applied to beneficial insects used as biological control agents, offers, firstly, the chance to improve their mass breeding under controlled conditions and, secondly, to know their capability for pest control response under field conditions. Our results show that photoperiod and temperature affect development and gonad maturation in S. rueppellii males and females. Abstract The hoverfly Sphaerophoria rueppellii is currently one of the most effective predators commercially available for aphid pest control. However, knowledge of the reproductive system of males and females of this syrphid is limited. The present article aims to report how changes in the temperature and photoperiod may affect development of the gonads (ovaries and testes), oviposition, and fecundity during the lifespan of S. rueppellii. Four environmental conditions (14L:10D, T: 20 ± 1 °C; 12L:12D, T: 20 ± 1 °C; 14L:10D, T: 25 ± 1 °C; and 12L:12D, T: 25 ± 1 °C) were used to determine oviposition, hatching percentage, and lifespan during a period of 30 days after the adult emergence. The maturation of the ovaries was done under three treatments (barley leaves with aphids always available; barley leaves two days per week with aphids available; no barley leaves available), and in the same environmental conditions noted above. Males at 14L:10D, 20 ± 1 °C; and 14L:10D, 25 ± 1 °C; were used to analyze and study the maturation of the testes. Females at 14L:10D; T: 25 ± 1 °C showed a significant difference in oviposition, percentage of hatching, and rate of eggs. A detailed description of the male and female gonads was undertaken, and it was determined that the conditions in which males sexually mature early are at 14L:10D, 25 ± 1 °C. These results will improve the application of S. rueppellii in crops, for the control of aphid pests.
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Feron R, Waterhouse RM. Exploring new genomic territories with emerging model insects. CURRENT OPINION IN INSECT SCIENCE 2022; 51:100902. [PMID: 35301165 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2022.100902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Improvements in reference genome generation for insects and across the tree of life are extending the concept and utility of model organisms beyond traditional laboratory-tractable supermodels. Species or groups of species with comprehensive genome resources can be developed into model systems for studying a large variety of biological phenomena. Advances in sequencing and assembly technologies are supporting these emerging genome-enabled model systems by producing resources that are increasingly accurate and complete. Nevertheless, quality controls including assessing gene content completeness are required to ensure that these data can be included in expanding catalogues of high-quality references that will greatly advance understanding of insect biology and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Feron
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics,1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Robert M Waterhouse
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics,1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Valmorbida I, Coates BS, Hodgson EW, Ryan M, O’Neal ME. Evidence of enhanced reproductive performance and lack-of-fitness costs among soybean aphids, Aphis glycines, with varying levels of pyrethroid resistance. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2000-2010. [PMID: 35102702 PMCID: PMC9310592 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Foliar application of insecticides is the main strategy to manage soybean aphid, Aphis glycines (Hemiptera: Aphididae), in the northcentral United States. Subpopulations of A. glycines have multiple nonsynonymous mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (vgsc) genes that are associated with pyrethroid resistance. We explored if fitness costs are associated with phenotypes conferred by vgsc mutations using life table analyses. We predicted that there would be significant differences between pyrethroid susceptibility and field-collected, parthenogenetic isofemale clones with differing, nonsynonymous mutations in vgsc genes. RESULTS Estimated resistance ratios for the pyrethroid-resistant clones ranged from 3.1 to 37.58 and 5.6 to 53.91 for lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin, respectively. Although life table analyses revealed some biological and demographic parameters to be significantly different among the clonal lines, there was no association between levels of pyrethroid resistance and a decline in fitness. By contrast, one of the most resistant clonal lines (SBA-MN1-2017) had a significantly higher finite rate of increase, intrinsic rate of increase and greater overall fitness compared to the susceptible control and other pyrethroid-resistant clonal lines. CONCLUSIONS Our life history analysis suggests that there are no negative pleotropic effects associated with the pyrethroid resistance in the clonal A. glycines lines used in this study. We discuss the potential impact of these results on efficacies of insecticide resistance management (IRM) and integrated pest management (IPM) plans directed at delaying the spread of pyrethroid-resistant A. glycines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brad S. Coates
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Corn Insects & Crop Genetics ResearchAmesIAUSA
| | | | - Molly Ryan
- Corteva Agriscience, Agriculture Division of DowDuPontDallas CenterIAUSA
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Peng T, Liu X, Tian F, Xu H, Yang F, Chen X, Gao X, Lv Y, Li J, Pan Y, Shang Q. Functional investigation of lncRNAs and target cytochrome P450 genes related to spirotetramat resistance in Aphis gossypii Glover. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1982-1991. [PMID: 35092151 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirotetramat is a tetramic acid derivative insecticide with novel modes of action for controlling Aphis gossypii Glover in the field. Previous studies have shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) are involved in the detoxification process. However, the functions of lncRNAs in regulating P450 gene expression in spirotetramat resistance in A. gossypii are unknown. RESULTS In this study, we found CYP4CJ1, CYP6CY7 and CYP6CY21 expression levels to be significantly upregulated in a spirotetramat-resistant (SR) strain compared with a susceptible (SS) strain. Furthermore, knockdown of CYP4CJ1, CYP6CY7 and CYP6CY21 increased nymph and adult mortality in the SR strain following exposure to spirotetramat. Drosophila ectopically expressing CYP380C6, CYP4CJ1, CYP6DA2, CYP6CY7 and CYP6CY21 showed significantly decreased mortality after spirotetramat exposure, and CYP380C6, CYP4CJ1 and CYP6CY21 are putative targets of six lncRNAs. Silencing of lncRNAs MSTRG.36649.2/5 and MSTRG.71880.1 changed CYP6CY21 and CYP380C6 expression, altering the sensitivity of the SR strain to spirotetramat. Moreover, MSTRG.36649.2/5 did not compete for microRNA (miRNA) binding to regulate CYP6CY21 expression. CONCLUSION Our results confirm that CYP380C6, CYP4CJ1, CYP6DA2, CYP6CY7 and CYP6CY21 are potentially involved in the development of spirotetramat resistance in A. gossypii, and MSTRG.36649.2/5 and MSTRG.71880.1 probably regulate CYP6CY21 and CYP380C6 expression other than through the "sponge effect" of competing for miRNA binding. Our results provide a favorable molecular basis for studying cotton aphid P450 genes and lncRNA functions in spirotetramat resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfei Peng
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fayi Tian
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hongfei Xu
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Fengting Yang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xuewei Chen
- School of Agricultural Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiwu Gao
- Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuntong Lv
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jianyi Li
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yiou Pan
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qingli Shang
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Villarroel CA, González-González A, Alvarez-Baca JK, Villarreal P, Ballesteros GI, Figueroa CC, Cubillos FA, Ramírez CC. Genome sequencing of a predominant clonal lineage of the grain aphid Sitobion avenae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 143:103742. [PMID: 35183733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae, is a cosmopolitan pest that feeds on cereals, provoking substantial yield losses by injuring plant tissue and by vectoring plant viruses. Here we report a highly complete, de novo draft genome of the grain aphid using long-read sequencing. We generated an assembly of 2740 contigs with a N50 of 450 kb. We compared this draft genome with that of other aphid species, inspecting gene family evolution, genome-wide positive selection, and searched for horizontal gene transfer events. In addition, we described a recent copy number variant expansion of gene families involving aconitase, ABC transporter, and esterase genes that could be associated with resistance to insecticides and plant chemical defenses. This S. avenae genome obtained from a predominant invasive genotype can provide a framework for studying the spatial-temporal success of these clonal lineages in invaded agroecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Villarroel
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | - Pablo Villarreal
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel I Ballesteros
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Instituto de Investigación Interdisciplinaria (I3), Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Ecología Molecular y Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Francisco A Cubillos
- Millennium Institute for Integrative Biology (iBio), Santiago, Chile; Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Facultad de Química y Biología, Departamento de Biología, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio C Ramírez
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile; Centro de Ecología Molecular y Funcional, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Pym A, Umina PA, Reidy-Crofts J, Troczka BJ, Matthews A, Gardner J, Hunt BJ, van Rooyen AR, Edwards OR, Bass C. Overexpression of UDP-glucuronosyltransferase and cytochrome P450 enzymes confers resistance to sulfoxaflor in field populations of the aphid, Myzus persicae. INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 143:103743. [PMID: 35202811 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a highly damaging, globally distributed crop pest that has evolved multiple resistance to numerous insecticides. It is thus imperative that insecticides that are not strongly compromised by pre-existing resistance are carefully managed to maximise their effective life span. Sulfoxaflor is a sulfoximine insecticide that retains efficacy against M. persicae clones that exhibit resistance to older insecticides. In the current study we monitored the efficacy of sulfoxaflor against M. persicae populations collected in Western Australia, following reports of control failures in this region. We identified clones with low (4-23-fold across multiple independent bioassay experiments), but significant, levels of resistance to sulfoxaflor compared with a reference susceptible clone. Furthermore, we demonstrate that sulfoxaflor resistance can persist after many months of culturing in the laboratory in the absence of insecticide exposure. Resistance was not conferred by known mechanisms of resistance to neonicotinoid insecticides, that act on the same target-site as sulfoxaflor, i.e. the R81T mutation or overexpresssion of the P450 gene CYP6CY3. Rather, transcriptome profiling of multiple resistant and susceptible clones identified the P450 CYP380C40 and the UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT344P2 as highly overexpressed (21-76-fold and 6-33-fold respectively) in the resistant clones. Transgenic expression of these genes demonstrated that they confer, low, but significant, levels of resistance to sulfoxaflor in vivo. Taken together, our data reveal the presence of low-level resistance to sulfoxaflor in M. persicae populations in Australia and uncover two novel mechanisms conferring resistance to this compound. The findings and tools generated in this study provide a platform for the development of strategies that aim to slow, prevent or overcome the evolution of more potent resistance to sulfoxaflor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Paul A Umina
- Cesar Australia, 95 Albert St, Brunswick, Victoria, 3056, Australia; School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | | | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Andrew Matthews
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - James Gardner
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Benjamin J Hunt
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | | | - Owain R Edwards
- CSIRO Land and Water, Floreat, Western Australia, 6014, Australia
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
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Hlaoui A, Chiesa O, Figueroa CC, Souissi R, Mazzoni E, Boukhris-Bouhachem S. Target site mutations underlying insecticide resistance in Tunisian populations of Myzus persicae (Sulzer) on peach orchards and potato crops. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1594-1604. [PMID: 34984812 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The massive use of synthetic insecticides strongly affects the level of insecticide resistance in populations of Myzus persicae worldwide. The selection of target site insensitivity-mutations is particularly worrying in areas where agro-industrial crops are vulnerable to the attacks of aphids that vector viruses, as in the case of Tunisia. Knowledge of the resistance mechanisms evolved locally in this aphid pest is a prerequisite to improving and retaining the sustainability of integrated pest management strategies. RESULTS Target site mutations were surveyed in several populations of M. persicae collected from peach and potato crops between 2011 and 2017 in three Tunisian regions using real-time allele-specific PCR. The L1014F mutation (kdr locus) was found at a moderate frequency mostly in the heterozygous state and the homozygous resistant genotype was very uncommon. The M918T mutation (super-kdr locus) was present in a few heterozygous individuals, whereas the M918L mutation was detected for the first time in Tunisia and extreme North Africa. This latter mutation was shown to be widespread and well-established in Tunisia mainly as homozygous individuals, and was more abundant on peach than on potato crops. The S431F mutation (MACE) was found in a few heterozygous individuals. No individuals carrying the R81T mutation linked to neonicotinoid resistance were detected. CONCLUSION This study points out a critical situation for the efficacy of pyrethroid insecticides to control M. persicae populations in Tunisia. It also confirms the rapid spread of the M918L mutation which has been detected in many different areas of the Mediterranean basin. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amen Hlaoui
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
- Département Santé Végétale et Environnement, Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, INAT, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisie
| | - Olga Chiesa
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Centre for Molecular and Functional Ecology in Agroecosystems, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Rebha Souissi
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
| | - Emanuele Mazzoni
- Department of Sustainable Crop Production, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Sonia Boukhris-Bouhachem
- Laboratoire de Protection des Végétaux, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique de Tunisie, INRAT, Université de Carthage, Ariana, Tunisie
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Characterization of insecticidal Cry protein from Bacillus thuringiensis toxic to Myzus persicae (Sulzer). J Invertebr Pathol 2022; 189:107731. [PMID: 35202622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2022.107731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The toxins produced by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are well known for their insecticidal activity against Lepidoptera, Diptera and Coleoptera; however, the sap-sucking insects (Hemiptera) are not particularly susceptible to Bt toxins. We describe the aphicidal effect of Cry toxin from Bt strain GP919 against one of the most pernicious hemipterans in the agricultural environment, Myzus persicae. The mortality bioassay shows that the strain cause mortality rates above 80% at concentration of 10 ng/µl with a LC50 of 9.01 ng/µl; whereas it showed no lethal toxicity against the lepidopteran Spodoptera frugiperda. The mayor protein (∼130 kDa) expressed by this strain was subjected to purification, solubilization and trypsin digestion, the band of ∼65 kDa which was obtained from trypsin digestion was purified by ion-exchange chromatography and was used to feed the aphid. The bioassay shows mortality rates above 85% at concentration of 10 ng/µl and the LC50 was 6.58 ng/µl. The resulting fragment from the digestion was identified by mass spectrometry and the candidate protein showed an overall 100% amino acid sequence identity to the reported Cry1Cb2 (WP 033698561.1) protein from Bt. Koch's postulated also was carried out with the GP919 strain and also, we document the signs of infection caused by this strain. This is the first report of a Cry1Cb2 protein that is toxic to a sucking insect and this protein may become a promising environmentally friendly tool for the control of M. persicae and possible also for other sap sucking insect pests.
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Beekman MM, Donner SH, Litjens JJH, Dicke M, Zwaan BJ, Verhulst EC, Pannebakker BA. Do aphids in Dutch sweet pepper greenhouses carry heritable elements that protect them against biocontrol parasitoids? Evol Appl 2022; 15:1580-1593. [DOI: 10.1111/eva.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mariska M. Beekman
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Genetics PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Entomology PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - S. Helena Donner
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Genetics PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Entomology PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Jordy J. H. Litjens
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Genetics PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Entomology PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Bas J. Zwaan
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Genetics PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Eveline C. Verhulst
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Entomology PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Bart A. Pannebakker
- Wageningen University & Research Laboratory of Genetics PO Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands
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Montgomery M, Rendine S, Zimmer CT, Elias J, Schaetzer J, Pitterna T, Benfatti F, Skaljac M, Bigot A. Structural Biology-Guided Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Insect Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Orthosteric Modulators. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2297-2312. [PMID: 34986308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel and safe insecticides remains an important need for a growing world population to protect crops and animal and human health. New chemotypes modulating the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have been recently brought to the agricultural market, yet with limited understanding of their molecular interactions at their target receptor. Herein, we disclose the first crystal structures of these insecticides, namely, sulfoxaflor, flupyradifurone, triflumezopyrim, flupyrimin, and the experimental compound, dicloromezotiaz, in a double-mutated acetylcholine-binding protein which mimics the insect-ion-channel orthosteric site. Enabled by these findings, we discovered novel pharmacophores with a related mode of action, and we describe herein their design, synthesis, and biological evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Montgomery
- Syngenta Crop Protection, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, RG42 6EY Bracknell, Berkshire, U.K
| | - Stefano Rendine
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Jan Elias
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Rosentalstrasse 67, 4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jürgen Schaetzer
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pitterna
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Fides Benfatti
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Marisa Skaljac
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
| | - Aurélien Bigot
- Syngenta Crop Protection AG, Schaffhauserstrasse 101, CH-4332 Stein, Switzerland
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Papadimitriou F, Folia M, Ilias A, Papapetrou P, Roditakis E, Bass C, Vontas J, T Margaritopoulos J. Flupyradifurone resistance in Myzus persicae populations from peach and tobacco in Greece. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:304-312. [PMID: 34498376 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myzus persicae has evolved resistance to various insecticides in Greece. Here we examine the effectiveness of the insecticide flupyradifurone against aphid clones collected from tobacco and peach in Greece during 2017-2020. Furthermore, we monitored the frequency of the neonicotinoid resistance mutation R81T in the sampled clones, and the association between the responses to flupyradifurone and acetamiprid. RESULTS Of 43 clones tested with flupyradifurone, 6.977%, 60.465% and 32.558% showed low (10-14), moderate (19-89) and high (104-1914) resistance factor (RF) values, respectively. Resistance was higher in clones from peach than from tobacco with 42.308% and 17.647% of clones (respectively) failing into the high RF category (median RF values 67.5 and 36.4 for clones from peach and tobacco, respectively). Acetamiprid resistance was detected in clones collected in 2019-2020, in line with our previous study in Greece. The analysis of the whole dataset (54 clones collected during 2017-2020) revealed that all tobacco clones had RF < 7.5, whereas 55.263%, 18.421% and 26.316% of the peach clones exhibited low (<12), moderate (20-48) and high (100-145) RF values, respectively. A significant but moderate association between flupyradifurone and acetamiprid responses was detected (r = 0.513, P < 0.001). The R81T mutation was detected in aphids from peach (5.6% and 32.6% as homozygotes and heterozygotes, respectively) and in one aphid specimen (heterozygote) from tobacco. R81T was partially associated with the resistance to both insecticides, but many highly resistant clones did not possess the mutation, indicating the possible operation of one or more alternative underlying resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS The use of flupyradifurone and acetamiprid in IPM/IRM should be based on further ongoing susceptibility monitoring. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fillothei Papadimitriou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Folia
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Aris Ilias
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Polyxeni Papapetrou
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
| | - Emmanouil Roditakis
- Department of Agriculture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - John T Margaritopoulos
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Industrial and Fodder Crops, Hellenic Agricultural Organization - DEMETER, Volos, Greece
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Troczka BJ, Singh KS, Zimmer CT, Vontas J, Nauen R, Hayward A, Bass C. Molecular innovations underlying resistance to nicotine and neonicotinoids in the aphid Myzus persicae. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5311-5320. [PMID: 34270160 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae, is a globally distributed highly damaging crop pest. This species has demonstrated an exceptional ability to evolve resistance to both synthetic insecticides used for control, and natural insecticides produced by certain plants as a chemical defense against insect attack. Here we review work characterizing the evolution of resistance in M. persicae to the natural insecticide nicotine and the structurally related class of synthetic neonicotinoid insecticides. We outline how research on this topic has provided insights into long-standing questions of both evolutionary and applied importance. These include questions pertaining to the origins of novel traits, the number and nature of mutational events or 'adaptive steps' underlying the evolution of new phenotypes, and whether host plant adaptations can be co-opted to confer resistance to synthetic insecticides. Finally, research on the molecular mechanisms underlying insecticide resistance in M. persicae has generated several outstanding questions on the genetic architecture of resistance to both natural and synthetic xenobiotics, and we conclude by identifying key knowledge gaps for future research. © 2021 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Kumar Saurabh Singh
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Christoph T Zimmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Monheim, Germany
| | - Alex Hayward
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, UK
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Jones RAC, Sharman M, Trębicki P, Maina S, Congdon BS. Virus Diseases of Cereal and Oilseed Crops in Australia: Current Position and Future Challenges. Viruses 2021; 13:2051. [PMID: 34696481 PMCID: PMC8539440 DOI: 10.3390/v13102051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes research on virus diseases of cereals and oilseeds in Australia since the 1950s. All viruses known to infect the diverse range of cereal and oilseed crops grown in the continent's temperate, Mediterranean, subtropical and tropical cropping regions are included. Viruses that occur commonly and have potential to cause the greatest seed yield and quality losses are described in detail, focusing on their biology, epidemiology and management. These are: barley yellow dwarf virus, cereal yellow dwarf virus and wheat streak mosaic virus in wheat, barley, oats, triticale and rye; Johnsongrass mosaic virus in sorghum, maize, sweet corn and pearl millet; turnip yellows virus and turnip mosaic virus in canola and Indian mustard; tobacco streak virus in sunflower; and cotton bunchy top virus in cotton. The currently less important viruses covered number nine infecting nine cereal crops and 14 infecting eight oilseed crops (none recorded for rice or linseed). Brief background information on the scope of the Australian cereal and oilseed industries, virus epidemiology and management and yield loss quantification is provided. Major future threats to managing virus diseases effectively include damaging viruses and virus vector species spreading from elsewhere, the increasing spectrum of insecticide resistance in insect and mite vectors, resistance-breaking virus strains, changes in epidemiology, virus and vectors impacts arising from climate instability and extreme weather events, and insufficient industry awareness of virus diseases. The pressing need for more resources to focus on addressing these threats is emphasized and recommendations over future research priorities provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger A. C. Jones
- UWA Institute of Agriculture, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Sharman
- Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, Ecosciences Precinct, P.O. Box 267, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia;
| | - Piotr Trębicki
- Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (P.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Solomon Maina
- Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria, Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Horsham, VIC 3400, Australia; (P.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Benjamin S. Congdon
- Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development, South Perth, WA 6151, Australia;
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