1
|
Mpakosi A, Sokou R, Theodoraki M, Kaliouli-Antonopoulou C. Neonatal Gut Mycobiome: Immunity, Diversity of Fungal Strains, and Individual and Non-Individual Factors. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:902. [PMID: 39063655 PMCID: PMC11278438 DOI: 10.3390/life14070902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal ecosystem, or microbiome (comprising the total bacterial genome in an environment), plays a crucial role in influencing host physiology, immune function, metabolism, and the gut-brain axis. While bacteria, fungi, viruses, and archaea are all present in the gastrointestinal ecosystem, research on the human microbiome has predominantly focused on the bacterial component. The colonization of the human intestine by microbes during the first two years of life significantly impacts subsequent composition and diversity, influencing immune system development and long-term health. Early-life exposure to pathogens is crucial for establishing immunological memory and acquired immunity. Factors such as maternal health habits, delivery mode, and breastfeeding duration contribute to gut dysbiosis. Despite fungi's critical role in health, particularly for vulnerable newborns, research on the gut mycobiome in infants and children remains limited. Understanding early-life factors shaping the gut mycobiome and its interactions with other microbial communities is a significant research challenge. This review explores potential factors influencing the gut mycobiome, microbial kingdom interactions, and their connections to health outcomes from childhood to adulthood. We identify gaps in current knowledge and propose future research directions in this complex field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Mpakosi
- Department of Microbiology, General Hospital of Nikaia “Agios Panteleimon”, 18454 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Rozeta Sokou
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia “Agios Panteleimon”, 18454 Piraeus, Greece;
- Neonatal Department, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Aretaieio Hospital, 11528 Athens, Greece
| | - Martha Theodoraki
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, General Hospital of Nikaia “Agios Panteleimon”, 18454 Piraeus, Greece;
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang X, Zhou S, Hu X, Ye C, Nie Q, Wang K, Yan S, Lin J, Xu F, Li M, Wu Q, Sun L, Liu B, Zhang Y, Yun C, Wang X, Liu H, Yin WB, Zhao D, Hang J, Zhang S, Jiang C, Pang Y. Candida albicans accelerates atherosclerosis by activating intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor2α signaling. Cell Host Microbe 2024; 32:964-979.e7. [PMID: 38754418 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2024.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is closely linked to atherosclerosis. However, the role of intestinal fungi, essential members of the complex microbial community, in atherosclerosis is poorly understood. Herein, we show that gut fungi dysbiosis is implicated in patients with dyslipidemia, characterized by higher levels of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which are positively correlated with plasma total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. Furthermore, C. albicans colonization aggravates atherosclerosis progression in a mouse model of the disease. Through gain- and loss-of-function studies, we show that an intestinal hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α)-ceramide pathway mediates the effect of C. albicans. Mechanistically, formyl-methionine, a metabolite of C. albicans, activates intestinal HIF-2α signaling, which drives increased ceramide synthesis to accelerate atherosclerosis. Administration of the HIF-2α selective antagonist PT2385 alleviates atherosclerosis in mice by reducing ceramide levels. Our findings identify a role for intestinal fungi in atherosclerosis progression and highlight the intestinal HIF-2α-ceramide pathway as a target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuemei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shuang Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Chuan Ye
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qixing Nie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Sen Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Lin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen China Research & Development, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Qing Wu
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center & Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lulu Sun
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Cancer Center, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Chuyu Yun
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xian Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huiying Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Dongyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Hang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Changtao Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Medicine Innovation Center for Fundamental Research on Major Immunology-related Diseases, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China; State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center for Obesity and Metabolic Disease Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Center of Basic Medical Research, Institute of Medical Innovation and Research, Third Hospital, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yanli Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China; National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
He JL, Zhao YW, Yang JL, Ju JM, Ye BQ, Huang JY, Huang ZH, Zhao WY, Zeng WF, Xia M, Liu Y. Enhanced interactions among gut mycobiomes with the deterioration of glycemic control. MED 2024:S2666-6340(24)00135-1. [PMID: 38670112 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut mycobiome is closely linked to health and disease; however, its role in the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains obscure. Here, a multi-omics approach was employed to explore the role of intestinal fungi in the deterioration of glycemic control. METHODS 350 participants without hypoglycemic therapies were invited for a standard oral glucose tolerance test to determine their status of glycemic control. The gut mycobiome was identified through internal transcribed spacer sequencing, host genetics were determined by genotyping array, and plasma metabolites were measured with untargeted liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. FINDINGS The richness of fungi was higher, whereas its dissimilarity was markedly lower, in participants with T2DM. Moreover, the diversity and composition of fungi were closely associated with insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β-cell functions. With the exacerbation of glycemic control, the co-occurrence network among fungus taxa became increasingly complex, and the complexity of the interaction network was inversely associated with insulin sensitivity. Mendelian randomization analysis further demonstrated that the Archaeorhizomycetes class, Fusarium genus, and Neoascochyta genus were causally linked to impaired glucose metabolism. Furthermore, integrative analysis with metabolomics showed that increased 4-hydroxy-2-oxoglutaric acid, ketoleucine, lysophosphatidylcholine (20:3/0:0), and N-lactoyl-phenylalanine, but decreased lysophosphatidylcholine (O-18:2), functioned as key molecules linking the adverse effect of Fusarium genus on insulin sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS Our study uncovers a strong association between disturbance in gut fungi and the progression of T2DM and highlights the potential of targeting the gut mycobiome for the management of T2DM. FUNDINGS This study was supported by MOST and NSFC of China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Wen Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Lu Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Meng Ju
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Bing-Qi Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Yi Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Hao Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wan-Ying Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wei-Feng Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Min Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
| | - Yan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, and Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu D, Guan YX, Li CH, Zheng Q, Yin ZJ, Wang H, Liu NN. "Nutrient-fungi-host" tripartite interaction in cancer progression. IMETA 2024; 3:e170. [PMID: 38882486 PMCID: PMC11170973 DOI: 10.1002/imt2.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
The human microbiome exhibits a profound connection with the cancer development, progression, and therapeutic response, with particular emphasis on its components of the mycobiome, which are still in the early stages of research. In this review, we comprehensively summarize cancer-related symbiotic and pathogenic fungal genera. The intricate mechanisms through which fungi impact cancer as an integral member of both gut and tissue-resident microbiomes are further discussed. In addition, we shed light on the pivotal physiological roles of various nutrients, including cholesterol, carbohydrates, proteins and minerals, in facilitating the growth, reproduction, and invasive pathogenesis of the fungi. While our exploration of the interplay between nutrients and cancer, mediated by the mycobiome, is ongoing, the current findings have yet to yield conclusive results. Thus, delving into the relationship between nutrients and fungal pathogenesis in cancer development and progression would provide valuable insights into anticancer therapy and foster precision nutrition and individualized treatments that target fungi from bench to bedside.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Yun-Xuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Chen-Hao Li
- Institute of Computing Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Quan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Zuo-Jing Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Ning-Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Center for Single-Cell Omics, School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
García-Gamboa R, Díaz-Torres O, Senés-Guerrero C, Gradilla-Hernández MS, Moya A, Pérez-Brocal V, Garcia-Gonzalez A, González-Avila M. Associations between bacterial and fungal communities in the human gut microbiota and their implications for nutritional status and body weight. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5703. [PMID: 38459054 PMCID: PMC10923939 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54782-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This study examined the interplay between bacterial and fungal communities in the human gut microbiota, impacting on nutritional status and body weight. Cohorts of 10 participants of healthy weight, 10 overweight, and 10 obese individuals, underwent comprehensive analysis, including dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical evaluations. Microbial composition was studied via gene sequencing of 16S and ITS rDNA regions, revealing bacterial (bacteriota) and fungal (mycobiota) profiles. Bacterial diversity exceeded fungal diversity. Statistically significant differences in bacterial communities were found within healthy-weight, overweight, and obese groups. The Bacillota/Bacteroidota ratio (previously known as the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) correlated positively with body mass index. The predominant fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, with the genera Nakaseomyces, Kazachstania, Kluyveromyces, and Hanseniaspora, inversely correlating with weight gain; while Saccharomyces, Debaryomyces, and Pichia correlated positively with body mass index. Overweight and obese individuals who harbored a higher abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila, demonstrated a favorable lipid and glucose profiles in contrast to those with lower abundance. The overweight group had elevated Candida, positively linked to simple carbohydrate consumption. The study underscores the role of microbial taxa in body mass index and metabolic health. An imbalanced gut bacteriota/mycobiota may contribute to obesity/metabolic disorders, highlighting the significance of investigating both communities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo García-Gamboa
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, col Colinas de la Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo Mexico, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Osiris Díaz-Torres
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carolina Senés-Guerrero
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Misael Sebastián Gradilla-Hernández
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieria y Ciencias, Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad y Cambio Climático, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Andrés Moya
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Systems Biology (I2SysBio), The University of Valencia and The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC-UVEG), Valencia, Spain
| | - Vicente Pérez-Brocal
- Department of Genomics and Health, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research of Valencia Region (FISABIO-Public Health), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBEResp), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Gonzalez
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Av. General Ramon Corona 2514, Nuevo Mexico, 45138, Zapopan, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marisela González-Avila
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas No. 800, col Colinas de la Normal, 44270, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Zhao Y, Zhang Y. Temporal and geographic distribution of gut microbial enterotypes associated with host thermogenesis characteristics in plateau pikas. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0002023. [PMID: 37815332 PMCID: PMC10715161 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00020-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The gut microbiotas of small mammals play an important role in host energy homeostasis. However, it is still unknown whether small mammals with different enterotypes show differences in thermogenesis characteristics. Our study confirmed that plateau pikas with different bacterial enterotypes harbored distinct thermogenesis capabilities and employed various strategies against cold environments. Additionally, we also found that pikas with different fungal enterotypes may display differences in coprophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| | - Shi'en Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Han G, Vaishnava S. Microbial underdogs: exploring the significance of low-abundance commensals in host-microbe interactions. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2498-2507. [PMID: 38036729 PMCID: PMC10767002 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01120-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of host-microbe interactions has broadened through numerous studies over the past decades. However, most investigations primarily focus on the dominant members within ecosystems while neglecting low-abundance microorganisms. Moreover, laboratory animals usually do not have microorganisms beyond bacteria. The phenotypes observed in laboratory animals, including the immune system, have displayed notable discrepancies when compared to real-world observations due to the diverse microbial community in natural environments. Interestingly, recent studies have unveiled the beneficial roles played by low-abundance microorganisms. Despite their rarity, these keystone taxa play a pivotal role in shaping the microbial composition and fulfilling specific functions in the host. Consequently, understanding low-abundance microorganisms has become imperative to unravel true commensalism. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of important findings on how low-abundance commensal microorganisms, including low-abundance bacteria, fungi, archaea, and protozoa, interact with the host and contribute to host phenotypes, with emphasis on the immune system. Indeed, low-abundance microorganisms play vital roles in the development of the host's immune system, influence disease status, and play a key role in shaping microbial communities in specific niches. Understanding the roles of low-abundance microbes is important and will lead to a better understanding of the true host-microbe relationships.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geongoo Han
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Shipra Vaishnava
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ma J, Zhou M, Song Z, Deng Y, Xia S, Li Y, Huang X, Xiao D, Yin Y, Yin J. Clec7a drives gut fungus-mediated host lipid deposition. MICROBIOME 2023; 11:264. [PMID: 38007451 PMCID: PMC10675981 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01698-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared to that of bacteria, the role of gut fungi in obesity development remains unknown. RESULTS Here, alterations in gut fungal biodiversity and composition were confirmed in obese pig models and high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Antifungal drugs improved diet-induced obesity, while fungal reconstruction by cohousing or fecal microbiota transplantation maintained the obese phenotype in HFD-fed mice. Fungal profiling identified 5 fungal species associated with obesity. Specifically, Ascomycota_sp. and Microascaceae_sp. were reduced in obese mice and negatively correlated with fat content. Oral supplementation with fungi was sufficient to prevent and treat diet-induced obesity. Clec7a, which is involved in fungal recognition, was highly expressed in HFD-fed mice. The Clec7a agonist accelerated diet-induced obesity, while Clec7a deficieny in mice resulted in resistance to diet-induced obesity and blocked the anti-obese effect of antifungal drugs and fungi. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results indicate that gut fungi/Clec7a signaling is involved in diet-induced obesity and may have therapeutic implications as a biomarker for metabolic dysregulation in humans. Video Abstract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, 530004, China
| | - Miao Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuankun Deng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Siting Xia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dingfu Xiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, China
| | - Jie Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, 410128, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Tang X, Zhang L, Ren S, Zhao Y, Liu K, Zhang Y. Stochastic Processes Derive Gut Fungi Community Assembly of Plateau Pikas ( Ochotona curzoniae) along Altitudinal Gradients across Warm and Cold Seasons. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1032. [PMID: 37888290 PMCID: PMC10607853 DOI: 10.3390/jof9101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fungi occupy only a small proportion of the microbial community in the intestinal tract of mammals, they play important roles in host fat accumulation, nutrition metabolism, metabolic health, and immune development. Here, we investigated the dynamics and assembly of gut fungal communities in plateau pikas inhabiting six altitudinal gradients across warm and cold seasons. We found that the relative abundances of Podospora and Sporormiella significantly decreased with altitudinal gradients in the warm season, whereas the relative abundance of Sarocladium significantly increased. Alpha diversity significantly decreased with increasing altitudinal gradient in the warm and cold seasons. Distance-decay analysis showed that fungal community similarities were significantly and negatively correlated with elevation. The co-occurrence network complexity significantly decreased along the altitudinal gradients as the total number of nodes, number of edges, and degree of nodes significantly decreased. Both the null and neutral model analyses showed that stochastic or neutral processes dominated the gut fungal community assembly in both seasons and that ecological drift was the main ecological process explaining the variation in the gut fungal community across different plateau pikas. Homogeneous selection played a weak role in structuring gut fungal community assembly during the warm season. Collectively, these results expand our understanding of the distribution patterns of gut fungal communities and elucidate the mechanisms that maintain fungal diversity in the gut ecosystems of small mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xianjiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liangzhi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shien Ren
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yaqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kai Liu
- Qinghai Provincial Grassland Station, Xining 810008, China
| | - Yanming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining 810008, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fan Y, Wu L, Zhai B. The mycobiome: interactions with host and implications in diseases. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102361. [PMID: 37527562 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, our understanding of the composition and function of the human mucosal surface-associated fungal community (i.e. the mycobiome) has rapidly expanded. Fungi colonize at various sites of the mucosal surface at birth and play important roles in the development and homeostasis of immune system throughout adulthood. Here, we review the recent research progresses in the human mycobiome at different body sites, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, the respiratory tract, the urogenital tract, the oral cavity, the skin surface, and the tumor tissues. Researchers have made extensive effort in characterizing the interactions between mycobiome and immune system, especially in the GI tract. We discuss the mycobiome dysbiosis and its implications to the progression of diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases, alcoholic liver diseases, systemic infections, cancers, and so on, indicating the potential of mycobiome-targeting intervention strategy for life-threatening diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Fan
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Clinical laboratory, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China; Maternal-Fetal Medicine Institute, Shenzhen Bao'an Women's and Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Bing Zhai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao X, Hu X, Han J, Yin R, Zhang S, Liu H. Gut mycobiome: A "black box" of gut microbiome-host interactions. WIREs Mech Dis 2023; 15:e1611. [PMID: 37157158 DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Fungi, being a necessary component of the gut microbiome, potentially have direct or indirect effects on the health and illness status of the host. The gut mycobiome is an inducer of the host's immunity, maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and protecting against infections, as well as a reservoir of opportunistic microorganisms and a potential cofactor when the host is immunocompromised. In addition, gut fungi interact with a diverse range of microbes in the intestinal niches. In this article, we reviewed the composition of gut mycobiome, their association with host health and illness, and summarized the specific Candida albicans-host interactions, in order to provide insights and directions for the ongoing study of fungi. This article is categorized under: Infectious Diseases > Molecular and Cellular Physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaomin Hu
- Department of Medical Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruopeng Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Complex Severe and Rare Diseases, Department of Cardiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bozkurt B, Terlemez G, Sezgin E. Basidiomycota species in Drosophila gut are associated with host fat metabolism. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13807. [PMID: 37612350 PMCID: PMC10447447 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41027-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of bacterial microbiota on host metabolism and obesity risk is well documented. However, the role of fungal microbiota on host storage metabolite pools is largely unexplored. We aimed to investigate the role of microbiota on D. melanogaster fat metabolism, and examine interrelatedness between fungal and bacterial microbiota, and major metabolic pools. Fungal and bacterial microbiota profiles, fat, glycogen, and trehalose metabolic pools are measured in a context of genetic variation represented by whole genome sequenced inbred Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) samples. Increasing Basidiomycota, Acetobacter persici, Acetobacter pomorum, and Lactobacillus brevis levels correlated with decreasing triglyceride levels. Host genes and biological pathways, identified via genome-wide scans, associated with Basidiomycota and triglyceride levels were different suggesting the effect of Basidiomycota on fat metabolism is independent of host biological pathways that control fungal microbiota or host fat metabolism. Although triglyceride, glycogen and trehalose levels were highly correlated, microorganisms' effect on triglyceride pool were independent of glycogen and trehalose levels. Multivariate analyses suggested positive interactions between Basidiomycota, A. persici, and L. brevis that collectively correlated negatively with fat and glycogen pools. In conclusion, fungal microbiota can be a major player in host fat metabolism. Interactions between fungal and bacterial microbiota may exert substantial control over host storage metabolite pools and influence obesity risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berkay Bozkurt
- Bioengineering Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gamze Terlemez
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Efe Sezgin
- Biotechnology Program, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Meyer RK, Duca FA. RISING STARS: Endocrine regulation of metabolic homeostasis via the intestine and gut microbiome. J Endocrinol 2023; 258:e230019. [PMID: 37171833 PMCID: PMC10524498 DOI: 10.1530/joe-23-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal system is now considered the largest endocrine organ, highlighting the importance of gut-derived peptides and metabolites in metabolic homeostasis. Gut peptides are secreted from intestinal enteroendocrine cells in response to nutrients, microbial metabolites, and neural and hormonal factors, and they regulate systemic metabolism via multiple mechanisms. While extensive research is focused on the neuroendocrine effects of gut peptides, evidence suggests that several of these hormones act as endocrine signaling molecules with direct effects on the target organ, especially in a therapeutic setting. Additionally, the gut microbiota metabolizes ingested nutrients and fiber to produce compounds that impact host metabolism indirectly, through gut peptide secretion, and directly, acting as endocrine factors. This review will provide an overview of the role of endogenous gut peptides in metabolic homeostasis and disease, as well as the potential endocrine impact of microbial metabolites on host metabolic tissue function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Meyer
- School of Nutritional Sciences and Wellness, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Frank A Duca
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian C, Li J, Bao Y, Gao L, Song L, Li K, Sun M. Ursolic acid ameliorates obesity of mice fed with high-fat diet via alteration of gut microbiota and amino acid metabolism. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1183598. [PMID: 37485499 PMCID: PMC10359042 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1183598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been regarded as one of the major health problems worldwide. Studies demonstrated that ursolic acid (UA) can significantly ameliorate the progress of obesity. However, whether the effect of UA on obesity depends on the regulation of gut microbiota and metabolism is uncertain. To investigate the regulatory role of UA in obese mice from the perspective of intestinal microbiome and metabolomics analyses, an obese mice model was established with a high-fat diet, and the effect of UA on obesity was evaluated. The alterations of gut microbiota and metabolism related to obesity were evaluated by bioinformatic analysis. The results of the gut microbiota analysis showed that UA intervention could shift the Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio at the phylum level and increase in the genera of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and Akkermansia. Additionally, metabolomics analysis showed that the beneficial influence of UA on obesity partly depended on amino acid metabolism. The current study demonstrated the roles of UA in the anti-obesity process, which depends in part on alterations in the gut microbiota and metabolism. Therefore, our findings highlight the potential therapeutic effect of UA on the improvement of diet-induced obesity in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfeng Tian
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Yan Bao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Health, Baotou Medical College, Baotou, China
| | - Long Gao
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Lixin Song
- Baotou Disease Prevention Control Center, Baotou, China
| | - Kai Li
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| | - Ming Sun
- School of Public Health, Baotou Medical College, Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology, Baotou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Wang L, Zhang K, Zeng Y, Luo Y, Peng J, Zhang J, Kuang T, Fan G. Gut mycobiome and metabolic diseases: The known, the unknown, and the future. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106807. [PMID: 37244385 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and obesity, have become a major public health problem worldwide. In recent years, most research on the role of gut microbes in metabolic diseases has focused on bacteria, whereas fungal microbes have been neglected. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of gut fungal alterations in T2DM, obesity, and NAFLD, and to discuss the mechanisms associated with disease development. In addition, several novel strategies targeting gut mycobiome and/or their metabolites to improve T2DM, obesity and NAFLD, including fungal probiotics, antifungal drugs, dietary intervention, and fecal microbiota transplantation, are critically discussed. The accumulated evidence suggests that gut mycobiome plays an important role in the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. The possible mechanisms by which the gut mycobiome affects metabolic diseases include fungal-induced immune responses, fungal-bacterial interactions, and fungal-derived metabolites. Candida albicans, Aspergillus and Meyerozyma may be potential pathogens of metabolic diseases because they can activate the immune system and/or produce harmful metabolites. Moreover, Saccharomyces boulardii, S. cerevisiae, Alternaria, and Cochliobolus fungi may have the potential to improve metabolic diseases. The information may provide an important reference for the development of new therapeutics for metabolic diseases based on gut mycobiome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yujiao Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jiayan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tingting Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Gang Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy and School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Seelbinder B, Lohinai Z, Vazquez-Uribe R, Brunke S, Chen X, Mirhakkak M, Lopez-Escalera S, Dome B, Megyesfalvi Z, Berta J, Galffy G, Dulka E, Wellejus A, Weiss GJ, Bauer M, Hube B, Sommer MOA, Panagiotou G. Candida expansion in the gut of lung cancer patients associates with an ecological signature that supports growth under dysbiotic conditions. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2673. [PMID: 37160893 PMCID: PMC10169812 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38058-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida species overgrowth in the human gut is considered a prerequisite for invasive candidiasis, but our understanding of gut bacteria promoting or restricting this overgrowth is still limited. By integrating cross-sectional mycobiome and shotgun metagenomics data from the stool of 75 male and female cancer patients at risk but without systemic candidiasis, bacterial communities in high Candida samples display higher metabolic flexibility yet lower contributional diversity than those in low Candida samples. We develop machine learning models that use only bacterial taxa or functional relative abundances to predict the levels of Candida genus and species in an external validation cohort with an AUC of 78.6-81.1%. We propose a mechanism for intestinal Candida overgrowth based on an increase in lactate-producing bacteria, which coincides with a decrease in bacteria that regulate short chain fatty acid and oxygen levels. Under these conditions, the ability of Candida to harness lactate as a nutrient source may enable Candida to outcompete other fungi in the gut.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Seelbinder
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology- Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Zoltan Lohinai
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Translational Medicine Institute, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ruben Vazquez-Uribe
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sascha Brunke
- Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Xiuqiang Chen
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology- Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Mohammad Mirhakkak
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology- Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Silvia Lopez-Escalera
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health Innovation, Hoersholm, Denmark
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Balazs Dome
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Megyesfalvi
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Berta
- National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Edit Dulka
- County Hospital of Torokbalint, Torokbalint, Hungary
| | - Anja Wellejus
- Chr. Hansen A/S, Human Health Innovation, Hoersholm, Denmark
| | - Glen J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hube
- Microbial Pathogenicity Mechanisms, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology - Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Morten O A Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Gianni Panagiotou
- Microbiome Dynamics, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology- Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany.
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang P, Xu R, Chen F, Chen S, Khan A, Li L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xu Z, Shen H. Fungal gut microbiota dysbiosis in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1149311. [PMID: 37089568 PMCID: PMC10115219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1149311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionDespite recent developments in our comprehension of how the gut microbiota and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are related. The mycobiome: which is a small but crucial part of the gut microbiota and is involved in hosts’ homeostasis and physiological processes, remained unexplored in SLE.MethodsWe profiled the gut fungal mycobiota based on internal transcribed spacer region 1 (ITS1) sequencing for the gut microbial DNA from the SLE individuals with lupus nephritis (LN) (n = 23), SLE without LN (n = 26) and healthy controls (n = 14) enrolled in Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.ResultsThe ITS sequencing generated a total of 4.63 million valid tags which were stratified into 4,488 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) and identified about 13 phyla and 262 genera. Patients with SLE were characterized with unique fungal flora feature. The fungal microbiomes of the three groups displayed distinct beta diversity from each other. Compared with HC group, the abundance of fungal dysbiosis was reflected in a higher ratio of opportunistic fungi in SLE or LN group, as well as the loss of Rhizopus and Malassezia. The main principal components of the flora between the SLE and LN group were generally consistent. The relative abundance of Vanrija in the fecal fungal community was higher in LN group, while the relative abundance of Fusarium was higher in SLE group. Moreover, our data revealed superior diagnostic accuracy for SLE with the fungal species (e.g. Candida, Meyerozyma). Correlations between gut fungi and clinical parameters were identified by Spearman’s correlation analysis. Interestingly, Aspergillus in SLE patients was positively correlated with ACR, 24 h proteinuria, proteinuria, anti-dsDNA, ANA, and SLEDAI, while Rhizopus was negatively correlated with lymphocytes and Hb. Finally, we successfully cultured the fungi and identified it as Candida glabrata by microscopic observation and mass spectrometry.DiscussionWe first explored the highly significant gut fungal dysbiosis and ecology in patients with SLE, and demonstrated the applicability of fungal species as SLE diagnostic tools, signifying that the gut fungal mycobiome-host interplay can potentially contribute in disease pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rui Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Affiliated Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Adeel Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Bannu, Pakistan
| | - Liang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Physiology, Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for MicroRNA Biology and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, NJU Advanced Institute of Life Sciences (NAILS), Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Yanbo Wang,
| | - Zhipeng Xu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Modern Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Zhipeng Xu,
| | - Han Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Han Shen,
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gutierrez MW, Mercer EM, Moossavi S, Laforest-Lapointe I, Reyna ME, Becker AB, Simons E, Mandhane PJ, Turvey SE, Moraes TJ, Sears MR, Subbarao P, Azad MB, Arrieta MC. Maturational patterns of the infant gut mycobiome are associated with early-life body mass index. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:100928. [PMID: 36736319 PMCID: PMC9975311 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.100928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Unlike the bacterial microbiome, the role of early-life gut fungi in host metabolism and childhood obesity development remains poorly characterized. To address this, we investigate the relationship between the gut mycobiome of 100 infants from the Canadian Healthy Infant Longitudinal Development (CHILD) Cohort Study and body mass index Z scores (BMIz) in the first 5 years of life. An increase in fungal richness during the first year of life is linked to parental and infant BMI. The relationship between richness pattern and early-life BMIz is modified by maternal BMI, maternal diet, infant antibiotic exposure, and bacterial beta diversity. Further, the abundances of Saccharomyces, Rhodotorula, and Malassezia are differentially associated with early-life BMIz. Using structural equation modeling, we determine that the mycobiome's contribution to BMIz is likely mediated by the bacterial microbiome. This demonstrates that mycobiome maturation and infant growth trajectories are distinctly linked, advocating for inclusion of fungi in larger pediatric microbiome studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie W Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emily M Mercer
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Shirin Moossavi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | | | - Myrtha E Reyna
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Allan B Becker
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Elinor Simons
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Piush J Mandhane
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Stuart E Turvey
- Department of Pediatrics, BC Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3N1, Canada
| | - Theo J Moraes
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Malcolm R Sears
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Padmaja Subbarao
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada; Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Meghan B Azad
- Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada; Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Marie-Claire Arrieta
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; International Microbiome Center, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Impact of diet and host genetics on the murine intestinal mycobiome. Nat Commun 2023; 14:834. [PMID: 36788222 PMCID: PMC9929102 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36479-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian gut is home to a diverse microbial ecosystem, whose composition affects various physiological traits of the host. Next-generation sequencing-based metagenomic approaches demonstrated how the interplay of host genetics, bacteria, and environmental factors shape complex traits and clinical outcomes. However, the role of fungi in these complex interactions remains understudied. Here, using 228 males and 363 females from an advanced-intercross mouse line, we provide evidence that fungi are regulated by host genetics. In addition, we map quantitative trait loci associated with various fungal species to single genes in mice using whole genome sequencing and genotyping. Moreover, we show that diet and its' interaction with host genetics alter the composition of fungi in outbred mice, and identify fungal indicator species associated with different dietary regimes. Collectively, in this work, we uncover an association of the intestinal fungal community with host genetics and a regulatory role of diet in this ecological niche.
Collapse
|
20
|
Host Factors Associated with Gut Mycobiome Structure. mSystems 2023; 8:e0098622. [PMID: 36786595 PMCID: PMC10134842 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00986-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed a significant role of the gut fungal community in human health. Here, we investigated the content and variation of gut mycobiota among subjects from the European population. We explored the interplay between gut fungi and various host-related sociodemographic, lifestyle, health, and dietary factors. The study included 923 participants. Fecal DNA samples were analyzed by whole-metagenome high-throughput sequencing. Subsequently, fungi taxonomic profiles were determined and accompanied by computational and statistical analyses of the association with 53 host-related factors. Fungal communities were characterized by a high prevalence of Saccharomyces, Candida, and Sporisorium. Ten factors were found to correlate significantly with the overall mycobiota variation. Most were diet related, including the consumption of chips, meat, sodas, sweetening, processed food, and alcohol, followed by age and marital status. Differences in α- and/or β-diversity were also reported for other factors such as body mass index (BMI), job type, autoimmunological diseases, and probiotics. Differential abundance analysis revealed fungal species that exhibited different patterns of changes under specific conditions. The human gut mycobiota is dominated by yeast, including Saccharomyces, Malassezia, and Candida. Although intervolunteer variability was high, several fungal species persisted across most samples, which may be evidence that a core gut mycobiota exists. Moreover, we showed that host-related factors such as diet, age, and marital status influence the variability of gut mycobiota. To our knowledge, this is the first large and comprehensive study of the European cohort in terms of gut mycobiota associations with such an extensive and differentiated host-related set of factors. IMPORTANCE The human gut is inhabited by many organisms, including bacteria and fungi, that may affect human health. However, research on human gut mycobiome is still rare. Moreover, the large European-based cohort study is missing. Here, we analyzed the first large European cohort in terms of gut mycobiota associations with a differentiated host-related set of factors. Our results showed that chips, meat, sodas, sweetening, processed food, beer, alcohol consumption, age, and marital status were associated with the variability of gut mycobiota. Moreover, our analysis revealed changes in abundances at the fungal species level for many investigated factors. Our results can suggest potentially valuable paths for further, narrowly focused research on gut mycobiome and its impact on human health. In the coming era of gut microbiome-based precision medicine, further research into the relationship between different mycobial structures and host-related factors may result in new preventive approaches or therapeutic procedures.
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang F, Aschenbrenner D, Yoo JY, Zuo T. The gut mycobiome in health, disease, and clinical applications in association with the gut bacterial microbiome assembly. THE LANCET. MICROBE 2022; 3:e969-e983. [PMID: 36182668 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00203-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut mycobiome (fungi) is a small but crucial component of the gut microbiome in humans. Intestinal fungi regulate host homoeostasis, pathophysiological and physiological processes, and the assembly of the co-residing gut bacterial microbiome. Over the past decade, accumulating studies have characterised the gut mycobiome in health and several pathological conditions. We review the compositional and functional diversity of the gut mycobiome in healthy populations from birth to adulthood. We describe factors influencing the gut mycobiome and the roles of intestinal fungi-especially Candida and Saccharomyces spp-in diseases and therapies with a particular focus on their synergism with the gut bacterial microbiome and host immunity. Finally, we discuss the underappreciated effects of gut fungi in clinical implications, and highlight future microbiome-based therapies that harness the tripartite relationship among the gut mycobiome, bacterial microbiome, and host immunity, aiming to restore a core gut mycobiome and microbiome and to improve clinical efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, College of Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dominik Aschenbrenner
- Autoimmunity, Transplantation and Inflammation, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Pharma, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ji Youn Yoo
- College of Nursing, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Tao Zuo
- Guangdong Institute of Gastroenterology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yatsen University, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China; Laboratory Animals Centre, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yatsen University, Guangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Liu N, Song Z, Jin W, Yang Y, Sun S, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Liu S, Ren F, Wang P. Pea albumin extracted from pea (Pisum sativum L.) seed protects mice from high fat diet-induced obesity by modulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
|
23
|
Wu N, Mo H, Mu Q, Liu P, Liu G, Yu W. The Gut Mycobiome Characterization of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Its Association With Dietary Intervention. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:892859. [PMID: 35783435 PMCID: PMC9240440 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.892859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a high-risk pregnancy complication that is associated with metabolic disorder phenotypes, such as abnormal blood glucose and obesity. The active interface between gut microbiota and diet contributes to metabolic homeostasis in GDM. However, the contributions of gut mycobiome have been neglected. Here, we profiled the gut fungi between GDM and healthy subjects at two time points and investigate whether variations in gut mycobiome correlate with key features of host metabolism and diet management in this observational study. We identified that Hanseniaspora, Torulaspora, Auricularia, Alternaria, and Candida contributed to GDM patient clustering, indicating that these fungal taxa are associated with abnormal blood glucose levels, and the causality needs to be further explored. While Penicillium, Ganoderma, Fusarium, Chaetomium, and Heterobasidion had significant explanatory effects on healthy subject clustering. In addition, spearman analysis further indicated that blood glucose levels were negatively correlated with polysaccharide-producing genera, Ganoderma, which could be reshaped by the short-term diet. The Penicillium which was negatively correlates with metabolic parameters, also exhibited the antimicrobial attribute by the fungal-bacterial interaction analysis. These data suggest that host metabolic homeostasis in GDM may be influenced by variability in the mycobiome and could be reshaped by the diet intervention. This work reveals the potential significance of the gut mycobiome in health and has implications for the beneficial effects of diet intervention on host metabolic homeostasis through regulating gut fungal abundance and metabolites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Heng Mo
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Mu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Peng Liu,
| | - Guoli Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Guoli Liu,
| | - Weidong Yu
- Department of Central Laboratory and Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Peking University People’s Hospital, Beijing, China
- Weidong Yu,
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Webberley TS, Masetti G, Bevan RJ, Kerry-Smith J, Jack AA, Michael DR, Thomas S, Glymenaki M, Li J, McDonald JAK, John D, Morgan JE, Marchesi JR, Good MA, Plummer SF, Hughes TR. The Impact of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive, Pathological and Metabolic Markers in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:843105. [PMID: 35685773 PMCID: PMC9172594 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.843105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) can be exacerbated by aberrant metabolism. Supplementation with probiotic bacteria is emerging as a promising preventative strategy for both neurodegeneration and metabolic syndrome. In this study, we assess the impact of the Lab4b probiotic consortium on (i) cognitive and pathological markers of AD progression and (ii) metabolic status in 3xTg-AD mice subjected to metabolic challenge with a high fat diet. The group receiving the probiotic performed better in the novel object recognition test and displayed higher hippocampal neuronal spine density than the control group at the end of the 12 weeks intervention period. These changes were accompanied by differences in localised (brain) and systemic anti-inflammatory responses that favoured the Probiotic group together with the prevention of diet induced weight gain and hypercholesterolaemia and the modulation of liver function. Compositional differences between the faecal microbiotas of the study groups included a lower Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio and less numbers of viable yeast in the Probiotic group compared to the Control. The results illustrate the potential of the Lab4b probiotic as a neuroprotective agent and encourage further studies with human participants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S Webberley
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Cultech Ltd., Port Talbot, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ryan J Bevan
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Maria Glymenaki
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jia Li
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A K McDonald
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - James E Morgan
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julian R Marchesi
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Good
- School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | | | - Timothy R Hughes
- Division of Infection and Immunity, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,UK Dementia Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|