1
|
Duan S, Feng G, Limpens E, Bonfante P, Xie X, Zhang L. Cross-kingdom nutrient exchange in the plant-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus-bacterium continuum. Nat Rev Microbiol 2024:10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7. [PMID: 39014094 DOI: 10.1038/s41579-024-01073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
The association between plants and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) affects plant performance and ecosystem functioning. Recent studies have identified AMF-associated bacteria as cooperative partners that participate in AMF-plant symbiosis: specific endobacteria live inside AMF, and hyphospheric bacteria colonize the soil that surrounds the extraradical hyphae. In this Review, we describe the concept of a plant-AMF-bacterium continuum, summarize current advances and provide perspectives on soil microbiology. First, we review the top-down carbon flow and the bottom-up mineral flow (especially phosphorus and nitrogen) in this continuum, as well as how AMF-bacteria interactions influence the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (for example, carbon, phosphorus and nitrogen). Second, we discuss how AMF interact with hyphospheric bacteria or endobacteria to regulate nutrient exchange between plants and AMF, and the possible molecular mechanisms that underpin this continuum. Finally, we explore future prospects for studies on the hyphosphere to facilitate the utilization of AMF and hyphospheric bacteria in sustainable agriculture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Erik Limpens
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy.
| | - Xianan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Innovative Development and Utilization of Forest Plant Germplasm, College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Nutrient Use and Management, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fukudome M, Uchiumi T. Regulation of nitric oxide by phytoglobins in Lotus japonicus is involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis with Rhizophagus irregularis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 340:111984. [PMID: 38220094 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Various reactive molecular species are generated in plant-microbe interactions, and these species participate in defense and symbiotic responses. Leguminous plants successfully establish symbiosis by maintaining an appropriate level of nitric oxide (NO), which is generated in the roots and nodules during root nodule symbiosis. Phytoglobin (plant hemoglobin) controls NO levels in plants. In this study, we investigated mycorrhizal symbiosis, which occurs in more than 80% of land plants, between Rhizophagus irregularis and Lotus japonicus to clarify the involvement of phytoglobin-mediated NO regulation. The mycorrhizae of L. japonicus exhibited higher NO levels in the presence of R. irregularis than in its absence, especially at the infection site. LjGlb1-1, a phytoglobin that regulates NO level in L. japonicus, was upregulated during symbiosis with R. irregularis. In transformed hairy roots carrying the ProLjGlb1-1:GUS construct, LjGlb1-1 expression was observed at the R. irregularis infection site. We further examined the symbiotic phenotypes of L. japonicus lines with high and low LjGlb1-1 expression with R. irregularis. During mycorrhizal symbiosis, the high LjGlb1-1 expression line exhibited better growth than the wild-type, whereas the low expression line exhibited poor growth. In addition, the expression of LjPT4, a phosphate transporter specific to mycorrhizal symbiosis, was higher in the high LjGlb1-1 expression line, whereas that of the tubulin gene of R. irregularis was lower in the low LjGlb1-1 expression line than in the wild-type. These results confirm that NO regulation by LjGlb1-1 is involved in mycorrhizal symbiosis in L. japonicus, as it is reportedly in nitrogen-fixing symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsutaka Fukudome
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan.
| | - Toshiki Uchiumi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-35 Korimoto, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Q, Liu M, Wang Z, Li J, Liu K, Huang D. The role of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in plant abiotic stress. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1323881. [PMID: 38312502 PMCID: PMC10835807 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1323881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can penetrate plant root cortical cells, establish a symbiosis with most land plant species, and form branched structures (known as arbuscules) for nutrient exchange. Plants have evolved a complete plant-AMF symbiosis system to sustain their growth and development under various types of abiotic stress. Here, we highlight recent studies of AM symbiosis and the regulation of symbiosis process. The roles of mycorrhizal symbiosis and host plant interactions in enhancing drought resistance, increasing mineral nutrient uptake, regulating hormone synthesis, improving salt resistance, and alleviating heavy metal stress were also discussed. Overall, studies of AM symbiosis and a variety of abiotic stresses will aid applications of AMF in sustainable agriculture and can improve plant production and environmental safety.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Zhifan Wang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Junrong Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Dong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences/Institute of Agro-Bioengineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou Engineering Research Center for Fruit Crops, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu X, Feng Z, Zhang W, Yao Q, Zhu H. Exogenous myristate promotes the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250684. [PMID: 38023845 PMCID: PMC10652774 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can establish symbiotic associations with the roots of most terrestrial plants, thereby improving the tolerance of the host plants to biotic and abiotic stresses. Although AMF cannot synthesize lipids de novo, they can obtain lipids from the root cells for their growth and development. A recent study reveals that AMF can directly take up myristate (C14:0 lipid) from the environment and produce a large amount of hyphae in asymbiotic status; however, the effect of environmental lipids on AM symbiosis is still unclear. In this study, we inoculated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) with AMF in an in vitro dual culture system and a sand culture system, and then applied exogenous myristate to the substrate, in order to explore the effect of exogenous lipids on the mycorrhizal colonization of AMF. We investigated the hyphae growth, development, and colonization of AMF, and examined the gene expression involved in phosphate transport, lipid biosynthesis, and transport. Results indicate that exogenous lipids significantly stimulated the growth and branching of hyphae, and significantly increased the number of hyphopodia and mycorrhizal colonization of AMF, with arbuscular abundance and intraradical spores or vesicles being the most promoted. In contrast, exogenous myristate decreased the growth range and host tropism of the germ tubes, and largely inhibited the exchange of nutrition between symbionts. As a result, exogenous myristate did not affect the plant growth. This study suggests that lipids promote mycorrhizal colonization by enhancing the growth and development of AMF hyphae and increasing their contact opportunities with plant roots. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that shows that lipids promote the colonization of AMF. Our study highlights the importance of better understanding the roles of environmental lipids in the establishment and maintenance of AM symbiosis and, thus, in agricultural production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zengwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Horticulture, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Litchi, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Honghui Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiomics and Precision Application (MARA), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiome (MARA), State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mongès A, Yaakoub H, Bidon B, Glévarec G, Héricourt F, Carpin S, Chauderon L, Drašarová L, Spíchal L, Binder BM, Papon N, Rochange S. Are Histidine Kinases of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Involved in the Response to Ethylene and Cytokinins? MOLECULAR PLANT-MICROBE INTERACTIONS : MPMI 2023; 36:656-665. [PMID: 37851914 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-23-0056-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Signals are exchanged at all stages of the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis between fungi and their host plants. Root-exuded strigolactones are well-known early symbiotic cues, but the role of other phytohormones as interkingdom signals has seldom been investigated. Here we focus on ethylene and cytokinins, for which candidate receptors have been identified in the genome of the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis. Ethylene is known from the literature to affect asymbiotic development of AM fungi, and in the present study, we found that three cytokinin forms could stimulate spore germination in R. irregularis. Heterologous complementation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant strain with the candidate ethylene receptor RiHHK6 suggested that this protein can sense and transduce an ethylene signal. Accordingly, its N-terminal domain expressed in Pichia pastoris displayed saturable binding to radiolabeled ethylene. Thus, RiHHK6 displays the expected characteristics of an ethylene receptor. In contrast, the candidate cytokinin receptor RiHHK7 did not complement the S. cerevisiae mutant strain or Medicago truncatula cytokinin receptor mutants and seemed unable to bind cytokinins, suggesting that another receptor is involved in the perception of these phytohormones. Taken together, our results support the hypothesis that AM fungi respond to a range of phytohormones and that these compounds bear multiple functions in the rhizosphere beyond their known roles as internal plant developmental regulators. Our analysis of two phytohormone receptor candidates also sheds new light on the possible perception mechanisms in AM fungi. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Mongès
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, INP Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Hajar Yaakoub
- UNIV Angers, IRF, SFR 4208 ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Glévarec
- EA2106 Biomolécules et Biotechnologies Végétales, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - François Héricourt
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans, INRAE USC1328, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Sabine Carpin
- Laboratoire de Biologie des Ligneux et des Grandes Cultures (LBLGC), Université d'Orléans, INRAE USC1328, 45067 Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Lucie Chauderon
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, INP Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Lenka Drašarová
- Isotope Laboratory, Institute of Experimental Botany, The Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská, 1083, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Spíchal
- Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Šlechtitelů 27, Olomouc CZ-783 71, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Brad M Binder
- Department of Biochemistry and Cellular & Molecular Biology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, U.S.A
| | - Nicolas Papon
- UNIV Angers, IRF, SFR 4208 ICAT, F-49000 Angers, France
| | - Soizic Rochange
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales, Université de Toulouse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Paul Sabatier, INP Toulouse, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lanfranco L, Bonfante P. Lessons from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal genomes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2023; 75:102357. [PMID: 37419003 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2023.102357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have accompanied the majority of land plants since their evolution in the Devonian period with a symbiotic alliance centered on nutrient exchanges. The exploration of AMF genomes is providing clues to explain major questions about their biology, evolution, and ecology. The dynamics of nuclei across the fungal life cycle, the abundance of transposable elements, and the epigenome landscape are emerging as sources of intraspecific variability, which can be especially important in organisms with no or rare sexual reproduction such as AMF. These features have been hypothesized to support AMF adaptability to a wide host range and to environmental changes. New insights on plant-fungus communication and on the iconic function of phosphate transport were also recently obtained that overall contribute to a better understanding of this ancient and fascinating symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ezawa T, Silvestri A, Maruyama H, Tawaraya K, Suzuki M, Duan Y, Turina M, Lanfranco L. Structurally distinct mitoviruses: are they an ancestral lineage of the Mitoviridae exclusive to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycotina)? mBio 2023; 14:e0024023. [PMID: 37162347 PMCID: PMC10470734 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00240-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitoviruses in the family Mitoviridae are the mitochondria-replicating "naked RNA viruses" with genomes encoding only the replicase RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and prevalent across fungi, plants, and invertebrates. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the subphylum Glomeromycotina are obligate plant symbionts that deliver water and nutrients to the host. We discovered distinct mitoviruses in glomeromycotinian fungi, namely "large duamitovirus," encoding unusually large RdRp with a unique N-terminal motif that is endogenized in some host genomes. More than 400 viral sequences similar to the large duamitoviruses are present in metatranscriptome databases. They are globally distributed in soil ecosystems, consistent with the cosmopolitan distribution of glomeromycotinian fungi, and formed the most basal clade of the Mitoviridae in phylogenetic analysis. Given that glomeromycotinian fungi are the only confirmed hosts of these viruses, we propose the hypothesis that large duamitoviruses are the most ancestral lineage of the Mitoviridae that have been maintained exclusively in glomeromycotinian fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiro Ezawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Alessandro Silvestri
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | - Mei Suzuki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yu Duan
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Massimo Turina
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection–CNR Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Braga JGB, de Novais CB, Diniz PP, da Silva Aragão OO, Saggin Júnior OJ, da Conceição Jesus E. Association of mycoheterotrophic Gentianaceae with specific Glomus lineages. MYCORRHIZA 2023; 33:249-256. [PMID: 37450045 DOI: 10.1007/s00572-023-01121-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Some plant species took an alternative evolutionary pathway in which they lost their photosynthetic capacity to depend exclusively on carbon supplied by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in an association called mycoheterotrophy. Among them is Voyriella parviflora, a species of the family Gentianaceae, which is found in tropical regions such as the Amazon basin. Here, we assessed the identity of AMF symbionts associated with this species. DNA was isolated from eight Gentianaceae specimens and from litter and surrounding roots of photosynthetic plants. The atp1 gene was amplified by Sanger sequencing to determine the taxonomic affiliation of the mycoheterotrophic plants. A 280 bp region of the 18S rRNA gene of AMF was amplified with primers NS31/AML2 by high-throughput sequencing. The mycoheterotrophic specimens were assigned to V. parviflora with a bootstrap support of 72%. Glomus was the most abundant AMF genus, both in the mycoheterotrophic plants and in the litter and roots of photosynthetic plants. In addition, a few Glomus genotypes were abundantly enriched in the mycoheterotrophic plants, with only a few specimens colonized by Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora in a low proportion. These genotypes formed a cluster within a larger clade, suggesting that V. parviflora shows a preferential association with a narrow Glomus lineage which is not phylogenetically close to a previously identified V. parviflora's associated lineage. Furthermore, detecting fungi from other families suggests that V. parviflora is colonized by other genera, although with low frequency. These findings provide new insights into the association between AMF and mycoheterotrophic species and highlight the importance of considering trap culture-independent approaches in understanding this symbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Cândido Barreto de Novais
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil
- Scheffer & Cia, Sapezal, Mato Grosso, 78365-000, Brazil
| | | | - Osnar Obede da Silva Aragão
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900
- Instituto Federal do Pará, Campus Breves, Breves, Pará, 68800-000, Brazil
| | | | - Ederson da Conceição Jesus
- Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 37200-900.
- Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropedica, Rio de Janeiro, 23890-000, Brazil.
- Embrapa Agrobiologia, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cha JE, Eom AH. Asymbiotic Spore Production of Rhizoglomus intraradices in a Medium Containing Myristate. MYCOBIOLOGY 2023; 51:164-168. [PMID: 37359954 PMCID: PMC10288914 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2023.2216500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of myristate on an asymbiotic culture of Rhizoglomus intraradices, a species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; Glomeromycota). Mycelial growth and sporulation in a modified medium containing myristate were observed. The findings demonstrated that myristate induced R. intraradices spore formation, with daughter spores having a smaller diameter than the parent spores. This observation is consistent with previous studies on other Rhizoglomus species. Further studies are needed to investigate the potential for continuous culture, mass production using daughter spores, and the application of AMF colonization techniques in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Eui Cha
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Ahn-Heum Eom
- Department of Biology Education, Korea National University of Education, Cheongju, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kameoka H, Gutjahr C. Functions of Lipids in Development and Reproduction of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 63:1356-1365. [PMID: 35894593 PMCID: PMC9620820 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) form mutualistic associations with most land plants. The symbiosis is based on the exchange of nutrients: AMF receive photosynthetically fixed carbon from the plants and deliver mineral nutrients in return. Lipids are important players in the symbiosis. They act as components of the plant-derived membrane surrounding arbuscules, as carbon sources transferred from plants to AMF, as a major form of carbon storage in AMF and as triggers of developmental responses in AMF. In this review, we describe the role of lipids in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis and AMF development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiromu Kameoka
- *Corresponding authors: Hiromu Kameoka, E-mail, ; Caroline Gutjahr, E-mail,
| | - Caroline Gutjahr
- *Corresponding authors: Hiromu Kameoka, E-mail, ; Caroline Gutjahr, E-mail,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Paré L, Banchini C, Hamel C, Bernier L, Stefani F. A simple and low-cost technique to initiate single-spore cultures of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi using a superabsorbent polymer. Symbiosis 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13199-022-00878-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMost species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are propagated with a host plant in a pot culture. However, the soil matrix makes it difficult to monitor the establishment and development of the symbiosis. In vitro culturing using Ri T-DNA transformed roots provides a clear medium and a sterile environment which offsets the constraints of the soil matrix. Nevertheless, the sterile conditions and the Ri T-DNA transformed roots provide very different growing conditions compared to a pot culture. Transparent soil based on superabsorbent polymer (SAP) has the potential of combining the advantages of current in vivo and in vitro culture methods without the constraints associated with either technique (opacity and sterility). Here we describe a SAP-based autotrophic culture as an alternative to current in vivo and in vitro culture methods. This system using two-compartment Petri dishes makes it easy to initiate single-spore cultures and to monitor fungal propagation. The SAP-based autotrophic system allowed the establishment of single-spore cultures of seven species (Diversispora varaderana, Funneliformis geosporus, Gigaspora rosea, Racocetra fulgida, Rhizophagus irregularis, R. intraradices and Sclerocystis sp.) from six genera and three families. Cultures were maintained over several months under non-sterile conditions. The Petri dishes avoid the problem of cross contamination and they can be stacked for space optimization. The grains of SAP colonized with new spores were used as inoculum to initiate new cultures in the SAP-based system. The SAP-based autotrophic culture method is a low-cost and low-tech approach, which makes the study of AMF much more accessible.
Collapse
|
12
|
Oliveira TC, Cabral JSR, Santana LR, Tavares GG, Santos LDS, Paim TP, Müller C, Silva FG, Costa AC, Souchie EL, Mendes GC. The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus clarus improves physiological tolerance to drought stress in soybean plants. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9044. [PMID: 35641544 PMCID: PMC9156723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13059-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean (Glycine max L.) is an economically important crop, and is cultivated worldwide, although increasingly long periods of drought have reduced the productivity of this plant. Research has shown that inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) provides a potential alternative strategy for the mitigation of drought stress. In the present study, we measured the physiological and morphological performance of two soybean cultivars in symbiosis with Rhizophagus clarus that were subjected to drought stress (DS). The soybean cultivars Anta82 and Desafio were grown in pots inoculated with R. clarus. Drought stress was imposed at the V3 development stage and maintained for 7 days. A control group, with well-irrigated plants and no AMF, was established simultaneously in the greenhouse. The mycorrhizal colonization rate, and the physiological, morphological, and nutritional traits of the plants were recorded at days 3 and 7 after drought stress conditions were implemented. The Anta82 cultivar presented the highest percentage of AMF colonization, and N and K in the leaves, whereas the DS group of the Desafio cultivar had the highest water potential and water use efficiency, and the DS + AMF group had thermal dissipation that permitted higher values of Fv/Fm, A, and plant height. The results of the principal components analysis demonstrated that both cultivars inoculated with AMF performed similarly under DS to the well-watered plants. These findings indicate that AMF permitted the plant to reduce the impairment of growth and physiological traits caused by drought conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thales Caetano Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silva Rodrigues Cabral
- Faculty of Agronomy, Universidade de Rio Verde, Fazenda Fontes do Saber-Campus Universitário, P.O Box 104, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Leticia Rezende Santana
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Germanna Gouveia Tavares
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Luan Dionísio Silva Santos
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Tiago Prado Paim
- Laboratory of Education in Agriculture Production, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Caroline Müller
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Fabiano Guimarães Silva
- Laboratory of Plant Tissue and Culture, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Alan Carlos Costa
- Ecophysiology and Plant Productivity Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Edson Luiz Souchie
- Agricultural Microbiology Laboratory, Instituto Federal Goiano-Campus Rio Verde, P.O. Box 66, Rio Verde, GO, 75901-970, Brazil
| | - Giselle Camargo Mendes
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Instituto Federal de Santa Catarina-Campus Lages, Lages, SC, 88506-400, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|