1
|
Chaklashiya RK, Equbal A, Shernyukov A, Li Y, Tsay K, Stern Q, Tormyshev V, Bagryanskaya E, Han S. Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Using Electron Spin Cluster. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:5366-5375. [PMID: 38735065 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) utilizing narrow-line electron spin clusters (ESCs) to achieve nuclear spin resonance matching (ESC-DNP) by microwave irradiation is a promising way to achieve NMR signal enhancements with a wide design scope requiring low microwave power at high magnetic field. Here we present the design for a trityl-based tetra-radical (TetraTrityl) to achieve DNP for 1H NMR at 7 T, supported by experimental data and quantum mechanical simulations. A slow-relaxing (T1e ≈ 1 ms) 4-ESC is found to require at least two electron spin pairs at <8 Å e-e spin distance to yield 1H ESC-DNP enhancement, while squeezing the rest of the e-e spin distances to <12 Å results in optimal 1H ESC-DNP enhancements. Fast-relaxing ESCs (T1e ≈ 10 μs) are found to require a weakly coupled narrow-line radical (sensitizer) to extract polarization from the ESC. These results provide design principles for achieving a power-efficient DNP at high field via ESC-DNP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raj K Chaklashiya
- Materials Department, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Asif Equbal
- Division of Chemistry, New York University Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Quantum and Topological Systems, NYUAD Research Institute, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Andrey Shernyukov
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuanxin Li
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Karen Tsay
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Quentin Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Wilmette, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Victor Tormyshev
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Elena Bagryanskaya
- N.N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Songi Han
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Wilmette, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wiström E, Hyacinthe JN, Lê TP, Gruetter R, Capozzi A. 129Xe Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Demystified: The Influence of the Glassing Matrix on the Radical Properties. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:2957-2965. [PMID: 38453156 PMCID: PMC10961830 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c00177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
129Xe dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a controversial topic. The gold standard technique for hyperpolarized xenon magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is spin exchange optical pumping, which received FDA approval in 2022. Nevertheless, the versatility of DNP for enhancing the signal of any NMR active nucleus might provide new perspectives for hyperpolarized 129Xe NMR/MRI. Initial publications about 129Xe DNP underlined the increased complexity in the sample preparation and lower polarization levels when compared to more conventional 13C-labeled molecules, at same experimental conditions, despite very close gyromagnetic ratios. Herein, we introduce, using a Custom Fluid Path system, a user-friendly and very robust sample preparation method. Moreover, investigating the radical properties at real DNP conditions by means of LOngitudinal Detected Electron Spin Resonance, we discovered a dramatic shortening of the electron spin longitudinal relaxation time (T1e) of nitroxyl radicals in xenon DNP samples' matrices, with respect to more commonly used water:glycerol ones. Mitigating those challenges through microwave frequency modulation, we achieved over 20% 129Xe polarization without employing any deuterated solvent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Wiström
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thanh Phong Lê
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET,
Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique
Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- HYPERMAG,
Department of Health Technology, Technical
University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Římal V, Bunyatova EI, Štěpánková H. Efficient Scavenging of TEMPOL Radical by Ascorbic Acid in Solution and Related Prolongation of 13C and 1H Nuclear Spin Relaxation Times of the Solute. Molecules 2024; 29:738. [PMID: 38338481 PMCID: PMC10856727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Dynamic nuclear polarization for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging uses free radicals to strongly enhance the NMR signal of a compound under investigation. At the same time, the radicals shorten significantly its nuclear spin relaxation times which reduces the time window available for the experiments. Radical scavenging can overcome this drawback. Our work presents a detailed study of the reduction of the TEMPOL radical by ascorbic acid in solution by high-resolution NMR. Carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 nuclear spin relaxations are confirmed to be restored to their values without TEMPOL. Reaction mechanism, kinetics, and the influence of pD and viscosity are thoroughly discussed. The detailed investigation conducted in this work should help with choosing suitable concentrations in the samples for dynamic nuclear polarization and optimizing the measurement protocols.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Václav Římal
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| | | | - Helena Štěpánková
- Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, V Holešovičkách 2, 18000 Prague 8, Czech Republic;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Stern Q, Reynard-Feytis Q, Elliott SJ, Ceillier M, Cala O, Ivanov K, Jannin S. Rapid and Simple 13C-Hyperpolarization by 1H Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Followed by an Inline Magnetic Field Inversion. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:27576-27586. [PMID: 38054954 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) is a method of choice for preparing hyperpolarized 13C metabolites such as 1-13C-pyruvate used for in vivo applications, including the real-time monitoring of cancer cell metabolism in human patients. The approach consists of transferring the high polarization of electron spins to nuclear spins via microwave irradiation at low temperatures (1.0-1.5 K) and moderate magnetic fields (3.3-7 T). The solid sample is then dissolved and transferred to an NMR spectrometer or MRI scanner for detection in the liquid state. Common dDNP protocols use direct hyperpolarization of 13C spins reaching polarizations of >50% in ∼1-2 h. Alternatively, 1H spins are polarized before transferring their polarization to 13C spins using cross-polarization, reaching polarization levels similar to those of direct DNP in only ∼20 min. However, it relies on more complex instrumentation, requiring highly skilled personnel. Here, we explore an alternative route using 1H dDNP followed by inline adiabatic magnetic field inversion in the liquid state during the transfer. 1H polarizations of >70% in the solid state are obtained in ∼5-10 min. As the hyperpolarized sample travels from the dDNP polarizer to the NMR spectrometer, it goes through a field inversion chamber, which causes the 1H → 13C polarization transfer. This transfer is made possible by the J-coupling between the heteronuclei, which mixes the Zeeman states at zero-field and causes an antilevel crossing. We report liquid-state 13C polarization up to ∼17% for 3-13C-pyruvate and 13C-formate. The instrumentation needed to perform this experiment in addition to a conventional dDNP polarizer is simple and readily assembled.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Stern
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Quentin Reynard-Feytis
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Stuart J Elliott
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
- Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| | - Konstantin Ivanov
- International Tomography Center, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Sami Jannin
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CRMN UMR-5082, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Villeurbanne 69100 France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lê TP, Hyacinthe JN, Capozzi A. Multi-sample/multi-nucleus parallel polarization and monitoring enabled by a fluid path technology compatible cryogenic probe for dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7962. [PMID: 37198242 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34958-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Low throughput is one of dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) main shortcomings. Especially for clinical and preclinical applications, where direct 13C nuclei polarization is usually pursued, it takes hours to generate one single hyperpolarized (HP) sample. Being able to hyperpolarize more samples at once represents a clear advantage and can expand the range and complexity of the applications. In this work, we present the design and performance of a highly versatile and customizable dDNP cryogenic probe, herein adapted to a 5 T "wet" preclinical polarizer, that can accommodate up to three samples at once and, most importantly, it is capable of monitoring the solid-state spin dynamics of each sample separately, regardless of the kind of radical used and the nuclear species of interest. Within 30 min, the system was able to dispense three HP solutions with high repeatability across the channels (30.0 ± 1.2% carbon polarization for [1-13C]pyruvic acid doped with trityl radical). Moreover, we tested multi-nucleus NMR capability by polarizing and monitoring simultaneously 13C, 1H and 129Xe. Finally, we implemented [1-13C]lactate/[1-13C]pyruvate polarization and back-to-back dissolution and injection in a healthy mouse model to perform multiple-substrate HP Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) at 14.1 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phong Lê
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Image Guided Intervention Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, 4 Rue Gabrielle - Perret - Gentil, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, 47 Avenue de Champel, 1206, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800, Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Negroni M, Kurzbach D. Missing Pieces in Structure Puzzles: How Hyperpolarized NMR Spectroscopy Can Complement Structural Biology and Biochemistry. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202200703. [PMID: 36624049 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Structure determination lies at the heart of many biochemical research programs. However, the "giants": X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and nuclear magnetic resonance, among others, leave quite a few dark spots on the structural pictures drawn of proteins, nucleic acids, membranes, and other biomacromolecules. For example, structural models under physiological conditions or of short-lived intermediates often remain out of reach of the established experimental methods. This account frames the possibility of including hyperpolarized, that is, dramatically signal-enhanced NMR in existing workflows to fill these spots with detailed depictions. We highlight how integrating methods based on dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization can provide valuable complementary information about formerly inaccessible conformational spaces for many systems. A particular focus will be on hyperpolarized buffers to facilitate the NMR structure determination of challenging systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Negroni
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Str. 38, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Mouloudakis K, Bodenstedt S, Azagra M, Mitchell MW, Marco-Rius I, Tayler MCD. Real-Time Polarimetry of Hyperpolarized 13C Nuclear Spins Using an Atomic Magnetometer. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1192-1197. [PMID: 36715634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a method for nondestructive quantification of nuclear spin polarization, of relevance to hyperpolarized spin tracers widely used in magnetic resonance from spectroscopy to in vivo imaging. In a bias field of around 30 nT we use a high-sensitivity miniaturized 87Rb-vapor magnetometer to measure the field generated by the sample, as it is driven by a windowed dynamical decoupling pulse sequence that both maximizes the nuclear spin lifetime and modulates the polarization for easy detection. We demonstrate the procedure applied to a 0.08 M hyperpolarized [1-13C]-pyruvate solution produced by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, measuring polarization repeatedly during natural decay at Earth's field. Application to real-time and continuous quality monitoring of hyperpolarized substances is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Mouloudakis
- ICFO─Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sven Bodenstedt
- ICFO─Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Azagra
- IBEC─Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, 08028Barcelona, Spain
| | - Morgan W Mitchell
- ICFO─Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA─Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, 08010Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Marco-Rius
- ICFO─Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michael C D Tayler
- ICFO─Institut de Ciéncies Fotóniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Eills J, Budker D, Cavagnero S, Chekmenev EY, Elliott SJ, Jannin S, Lesage A, Matysik J, Meersmann T, Prisner T, Reimer JA, Yang H, Koptyug IV. Spin Hyperpolarization in Modern Magnetic Resonance. Chem Rev 2023; 123:1417-1551. [PMID: 36701528 PMCID: PMC9951229 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance techniques are successfully utilized in a broad range of scientific disciplines and in various practical applications, with medical magnetic resonance imaging being the most widely known example. Currently, both fundamental and applied magnetic resonance are enjoying a major boost owing to the rapidly developing field of spin hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization techniques are able to enhance signal intensities in magnetic resonance by several orders of magnitude, and thus to largely overcome its major disadvantage of relatively low sensitivity. This provides new impetus for existing applications of magnetic resonance and opens the gates to exciting new possibilities. In this review, we provide a unified picture of the many methods and techniques that fall under the umbrella term "hyperpolarization" but are currently seldom perceived as integral parts of the same field. Specifically, before delving into the individual techniques, we provide a detailed analysis of the underlying principles of spin hyperpolarization. We attempt to uncover and classify the origins of hyperpolarization, to establish its sources and the specific mechanisms that enable the flow of polarization from a source to the target spins. We then give a more detailed analysis of individual hyperpolarization techniques: the mechanisms by which they work, fundamental and technical requirements, characteristic applications, unresolved issues, and possible future directions. We are seeing a continuous growth of activity in the field of spin hyperpolarization, and we expect the field to flourish as new and improved hyperpolarization techniques are implemented. Some key areas for development are in prolonging polarization lifetimes, making hyperpolarization techniques more generally applicable to chemical/biological systems, reducing the technical and equipment requirements, and creating more efficient excitation and detection schemes. We hope this review will facilitate the sharing of knowledge between subfields within the broad topic of hyperpolarization, to help overcome existing challenges in magnetic resonance and enable novel applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James Eills
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Barcelona
Institute of Science and Technology, 08028Barcelona, Spain,
| | - Dmitry Budker
- Johannes
Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55128Mainz, Germany,Helmholtz-Institut,
GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, 55128Mainz, Germany,Department
of Physics, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Silvia Cavagnero
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Department
of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute
(KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan48202, United States,Russian
Academy of Sciences, Moscow119991, Russia
| | - Stuart J. Elliott
- Molecular
Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College
London, LondonW12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Anne Lesage
- Centre
de RMN à Hauts Champs de Lyon, Université
de Lyon, CNRS, ENS Lyon, Université Lyon 1, 69100Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institut
für Analytische Chemie, Universität
Leipzig, Linnéstr. 3, 04103Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Meersmann
- Sir
Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, University Park, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, NottinghamNG7 2RD, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Prisner
- Institute
of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry and Center of Biomolecular Magnetic
Resonance, Goethe University Frankfurt, , 60438Frankfurt
am Main, Germany
| | - Jeffrey A. Reimer
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, UC Berkeley, and Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory, Berkeley, California94720, United States
| | - Hanming Yang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Madison, Wisconsin53706, United States
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- International Tomography Center, Siberian
Branch of the Russian Academy
of Sciences, 630090Novosibirsk, Russia,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Glycans, carbohydrate molecules in the realm of biology, are present as biomedically important glycoconjugates and a characteristic aspect is that their structures in many instances are branched. In determining the primary structure of a glycan, the sugar components including the absolute configuration and ring form, anomeric configuration, linkage(s), sequence, and substituents should be elucidated. Solution state NMR spectroscopy offers a unique opportunity to resolve all these aspects at atomic resolution. During the last two decades, advancement of both NMR experiments and spectrometer hardware have made it possible to unravel carbohydrate structure more efficiently. These developments applicable to glycans include, inter alia, NMR experiments that reduce spectral overlap, use selective excitations, record tilted projections of multidimensional spectra, acquire spectra by multiple receivers, utilize polarization by fast-pulsing techniques, concatenate pulse-sequence modules to acquire several spectra in a single measurement, acquire pure shift correlated spectra devoid of scalar couplings, employ stable isotope labeling to efficiently obtain homo- and/or heteronuclear correlations, as well as those that rely on dipolar cross-correlated interactions for sequential information. Refined computer programs for NMR spin simulation and chemical shift prediction aid the structural elucidation of glycans, which are notorious for their limited spectral dispersion. Hardware developments include cryogenically cold probes and dynamic nuclear polarization techniques, both resulting in enhanced sensitivity as well as ultrahigh field NMR spectrometers with a 1H NMR resonance frequency higher than 1 GHz, thus improving resolution of resonances. Taken together, the developments have made and will in the future make it possible to elucidate carbohydrate structure in great detail, thereby forming the basis for understanding of how glycans interact with other molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Fontana
- Departamento
de Química del Litoral, CENUR Litoral Norte, Universidad de la República, Paysandú 60000, Uruguay
| | - Göran Widmalm
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Arrhenius Laboratory, Stockholm University, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Design and performance of a small bath cryostat with NMR capability for transport of hyperpolarized samples. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19260. [PMID: 36357496 PMCID: PMC9649762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23890-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As of today, dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) is the only clinically available hyperpolarization technique for 13C-MRI. Despite the clear path towards personalized medicine that dDNP is paving as an alternative and/or complement to Positron Emission Tomography (PET), the technique struggles to enter everyday clinical practice. Because of the minute-long hyperpolarization lifetime after dissolution, one of the reasons lies in the need and consequent complexities of having the machine that generates the hyperpolarization (i.e. the dDNP polarizer) on site. Since some years, research groups are working to make hyperpolarization transportable. Two different methods have been developed that allow "freezing" of the nuclear spin state prior to samples extraction from the polarizer. Nevertheless, so far, all attempts of transport have been limited to a very small scale and to the level of proof-of-principle experiments. The main reason for that is the lack of adequate hardware, strategy, and control on most of the crucial parameters. To bridge the technical gap with PET and provide MRI facilities with hours long relaxing hyperpolarized compounds at controlled conditions, a new generation of low cost/small footprint liquid He cryostats equipped with a magnetically enforced cryogenic probe is needed. In this paper, we detail the theoretical and practical construction of a hyperpolarized samples transportation device small enough to fit in a car and able to hold a sample at 4.2 K for almost 8 h despite the presence of a cryogenically-demanding purpose-built probe that provides enough magnetic field upon insertion of the sample and NMR quality homogeneity at storage position. Should transportable hyperpolarization via DNP become a reality, we herein provide important details to make it possible.
Collapse
|
11
|
Epasto LM, Che K, Kozak F, Selimovic A, Kadeřávek P, Kurzbach D. Toward protein NMR at physiological concentrations by hyperpolarized water-Finding and mapping uncharted conformational spaces. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq5179. [PMID: 35930648 PMCID: PMC9355353 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq5179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key method for determining the structural dynamics of proteins in their native solution state. However, the low sensitivity of NMR typically necessitates nonphysiologically high sample concentrations, which often limit the relevance of the recorded data. We show how to use hyperpolarized water by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (DDNP) to acquire protein spectra at concentrations of 1 μM within seconds and with a high signal-to-noise ratio. The importance of approaching physiological concentrations is demonstrated for the vital MYC-associated factor X, which we show to switch conformations when diluted. While in vitro conditions lead to a population of the well-documented dimer, concentrations lowered by more than two orders of magnitude entail dimer dissociation and formation of a globularly folded monomer. We identified this structure by integrating DDNP with computational techniques to overcome the often-encountered constraint of DDNP of limited structural information provided by the typically detected one-dimensional spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica M. Epasto
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kateryna Che
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Fanny Kozak
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Albina Selimovic
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kadeřávek
- Masaryk University, CEITEC, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Biological Chemistry, Währinger Str. 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hilty C, Kurzbach D, Frydman L. Hyperpolarized water as universal sensitivity booster in biomolecular NMR. Nat Protoc 2022; 17:1621-1657. [PMID: 35546640 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-022-00693-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NMR spectroscopy is the only method to access the structural dynamics of biomolecules at high (atomistic) resolution in their native solution state. However, this method's low sensitivity has two important consequences: (i) typically experiments have to be performed at high concentrations that increase sensitivity but are not physiological, and (ii) signals have to be accumulated over long periods, complicating the determination of interaction kinetics on the order of seconds and impeding studies of unstable systems. Both limitations are of equal, fundamental relevance: non-native conditions are of limited pharmacological relevance, and the function of proteins, enzymes and nucleic acids often relies on their interaction kinetics. To overcome these limitations, we have developed applications that involve 'hyperpolarized water' to boost signal intensities in NMR of proteins and nucleic acids. The technique includes four stages: (i) preparation of the biomolecule in partially deuterated buffers, (ii) preparation of 'hyperpolarized' water featuring enhanced 1H NMR signals via cryogenic dynamic nuclear polarization, (iii) sudden melting of the cryogenic pellet and dissolution of the protein or nucleic acid in the hyperpolarized water (enabling spontaneous exchanges of protons between water and target) and (iv) recording signal-amplified NMR spectra targeting either labile 1H or neighboring 15N/13C nuclei in the biomolecule. Water in the ensuing experiments is used as a universal 'hyperpolarization' agent, rendering the approach versatile and applicable to any biomolecule possessing labile hydrogens. Thus, questions can be addressed, ranging from protein and RNA folding problems to resolving structure-function relationships of intrinsically disordered proteins to investigating membrane interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Hilty
- Chemistry Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
| | - Dennis Kurzbach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute for Biological Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hu J, Kim J, Hilty C. Detection of Protein-Ligand Interactions by 19F Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Using Hyperpolarized Water. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:3819-3823. [PMID: 35465675 PMCID: PMC9088881 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The transfer of nuclear spin hyperpolarization from water to ligand 19F spins results in a transient signal change that is indicative of protein-ligand interaction. The 19F nucleus allows for background-free detection of these signals, which are modulated by polarization transfer via pathways similar to those in a hyperpolarized 1H water LOGSY experiment. Quantification of the apparent heteronuclear cross-relaxation rates is facilitated by a simultaneous dual-channel detection of 1H and 19F signals. Calculated cross-relaxation rates for the 1H-19F transfer step indicate that these rates are sensitive to binding to medium- and large-sized proteins. The heteronuclear observation of hyperpolarization transfer from water may be used to screen protein-ligand interactions in drug discovery and other applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiandu Hu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Christian Hilty
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, 3255 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lê TP, Hyacinthe JN, Capozzi A. How to improve the efficiency of a traditional dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) apparatus: Design and performance of a fluid path compatible dDNP/LOD-ESR probe. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2022; 338:107197. [PMID: 35344922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) was invented almost twenty years ago. Ever since, hardware advancement has observed 2 trends: the quest for DNP at higher field and, more recently, the development of cryogen free polarizers. Despite the DNP community is slowly migrating towards "dry" systems, many "wet" polarizers are still in use. Traditional DNP polarizers can use up to 100 L of liquid helium per week, but are less sensitive to air contamination and have higher cooling power. These two characteristics make them very versatile when it comes to new methods development. In this study we retrofitted a 5 T/1.15 K "wet" DNP polarizer with the aim of improving cryogenic and DNP performance. We designed, built, and tested a new DNP insert that is compatible with the fluid path (FP) technology and a LOgitudinal Detected Electron Spin Resonance (LOD-ESR) probe to investigate radical properties at real DNP conditions. The new hardware increased the maximum achievable polarization and the polarization rate constant of a [1-13C]pyruvic acid-trityl sample by a factor 1.5. Moreover, the increased liquid He holding time together with the possibility to constantly keep the sample space at low pressure upon sample loading and dissolution allowed us to save about 20 L of liquid He per week.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phong Lê
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Macroscopic production of highly nuclear-spin-polarized molecules from IR-excitation and photodissociation of molecular beams. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.139092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
16
|
Zanella CC, Capozzi A, Yoshihara HAI, Radaelli A, Mackowiak ALC, Arn LP, Gruetter R, Bastiaansen JAM. Radical-free hyperpolarized MRI using endogenously occurring pyruvate analogues and UV-induced nonpersistent radicals. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4584. [PMID: 34245482 PMCID: PMC8518970 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
It was recently demonstrated that nonpersistent radicals can be generated in frozen solutions of metabolites such as pyruvate by irradiation with UV light, enabling radical-free dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. Although pyruvate is endogenous, the presence of pyruvate may interfere with metabolic processes or the detection of pyruvate as a metabolic product, making it potentially unsuitable as a polarizing agent. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to characterize solutions containing endogenously occurring alternatives to pyruvate as UV-induced nonpersistent radical precursors for in vivo hyperpolarized MRI. The metabolites alpha-ketovalerate (αkV) and alpha-ketobutyrate (αkB) are analogues of pyruvate and were chosen as potential radical precursors. Sample formulations containing αkV and αkB were studied with UV-visible spectroscopy, irradiated with UV light, and their nonpersistent radical yields were quantified with electron spin resonance and compared with pyruvate. The addition of 13 C-labeled substrates to the sample matrix altered the radical yield of the precursors. Using αkB increased the 13 C-labeled glucose liquid-state polarization to 16.3% ± 1.3% compared with 13.3% ± 1.5% obtained with pyruvate, and 8.9% ± 2.1% with αkV. For [1-13 C]butyric acid, polarization levels of 12.1% ± 1.1% for αkV, 12.9% ± 1.7% for αkB, 1.5% ± 0.2% for OX063 and 18.7% ± 0.7% for Finland trityl, were achieved. Hyperpolarized [1-13 C]butyrate metabolism in the heart revealed label incorporation into [1-13 C]acetylcarnitine, [1-13 C]acetoacetate, [1-13 C]butyrylcarnitine, [5-13 C]glutamate and [5-13 C]citrate. This study demonstrates the potential of αkV and αkB as endogenous polarizing agents for in vivo radical-free hyperpolarized MRI. UV-induced, nonpersistent radicals generated in endogenous metabolites enable high polarization without requiring radical filtration, thus simplifying the quality-control tests in clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Alice Radaelli
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Adèle L. C. Mackowiak
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Lionel P. Arn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Rolf Gruetter
- Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Jessica A. M. Bastiaansen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Elliott SJ, Stern Q, Ceillier M, El Daraï T, Cousin SF, Cala O, Jannin S. Practical dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 126-127:59-100. [PMID: 34852925 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This review article intends to provide insightful advice for dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization in the form of a practical handbook. The goal is to aid research groups to effectively perform such experiments in their own laboratories. Previous review articles on this subject have covered a large number of useful topics including instrumentation, experimentation, theory, etc. The topics to be addressed here will include tips for sample preparation and for checking sample health; a checklist to correctly diagnose system faults and perform general maintenance; the necessary mechanical requirements regarding sample dissolution; and aids for accurate, fast and reliable polarization quantification. Herein, the challenges and limitations of each stage of a typical dissolution-dynamic nuclear polarization experiment are presented, with the focus being on how to quickly and simply overcome some of the limitations often encountered in the laboratory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Elliott
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Quentin Stern
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Théo El Daraï
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Samuel F Cousin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Sami Jannin
- Centre de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire à Très Hauts Champs - UMR 5082 Université de Lyon, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, ENS de Lyon, 5 Rue de la Doua, 69100 Villeurbanne, France.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
El Daraï T, Cousin SF, Stern Q, Ceillier M, Kempf J, Eshchenko D, Melzi R, Schnell M, Gremillard L, Bornet A, Milani J, Vuichoud B, Cala O, Montarnal D, Jannin S. Porous functionalized polymers enable generating and transporting hyperpolarized mixtures of metabolites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4695. [PMID: 34349114 PMCID: PMC8338986 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization by dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) has enabled promising applications in spectroscopy and imaging, but remains poorly widespread due to experimental complexity. Broad democratization of dDNP could be realized by remote preparation and distribution of hyperpolarized samples from dedicated facilities. Here we show the synthesis of hyperpolarizing polymers (HYPOPs) that can generate radical- and contaminant-free hyperpolarized samples within minutes with lifetimes exceeding hours in the solid state. HYPOPs feature tunable macroporous porosity, with porous volumes up to 80% and concentration of nitroxide radicals grafted in the bulk matrix up to 285 μmol g-1. Analytes can be efficiently impregnated as aqueous/alcoholic solutions and hyperpolarized up to P(13C) = 25% within 8 min, through the combination of 1H spin diffusion and 1H → 13C cross polarization. Solutions of 13C-analytes of biological interest hyperpolarized in HYPOPs display a very long solid-state 13C relaxation times of 5.7 h at 3.8 K, thus prefiguring transportation over long distances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Théo El Daraï
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
- Université de Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, Lyon, France
| | - Samuel F Cousin
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Quentin Stern
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Morgan Ceillier
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Laurent Gremillard
- Université de Lyon, INSA Lyon, MATEIS UMR CNRS 5510, Bât. Blaise Pascal, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Aurélien Bornet
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Jonas Milani
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Basile Vuichoud
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Olivier Cala
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Damien Montarnal
- Université de Lyon, CPE Lyon, CNRS, Catalyse, Chimie, Polymères et Procédés, UMR 5265, Lyon, France.
| | - Sami Jannin
- Université de Lyon, Centre de RMN à Très Hauts Champs de Lyon, UMR5082 - CNRS/UCBL/ENS de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Capozzi A, Kilund J, Karlsson M, Patel S, Pinon AC, Vibert F, Ouari O, Lerche MH, Ardenkjær-Larsen JH. Metabolic contrast agents produced from transported solid 13C-glucose hyperpolarized via dynamic nuclear polarization. Commun Chem 2021; 4:95. [PMID: 36697707 PMCID: PMC9814755 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-021-00536-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic Resonance Imaging combined with hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic contrast agents produced via dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization can, non-invasively and in real-time, report on tissue specific aberrant metabolism. However, hyperpolarization equipment is expensive, technically demanding and needs to be installed on-site for the end-user. In this work, we provide a robust methodology that allows remote production of the hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic contrast agents. The methodology, built on photo-induced thermally labile radicals, allows solid sample extraction from the hyperpolarization equipment and several hours' lifetime of the 13C-labelled metabolic contrast agents at appropriate storage/transport conditions. Exemplified with [U-13C, d7]-D-glucose, we remotely produce hyperpolarized 13C-labelled metabolic contrast agents and generate above 10,000-fold liquid-state Magnetic Resonance signal enhancement at 9.4 T, keeping on-site only a simple dissolution device.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Capozzi
- grid.5333.60000000121839049LIFMET, Department of Physics, EPFL, Station 6 (Batiment CH), Lausanne, Switzerland ,grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Kilund
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Magnus Karlsson
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Saket Patel
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arthur Cesar Pinon
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - François Vibert
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut de Chimie Radicalire Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, Cedex 20 France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- grid.4444.00000 0001 2112 9282Institut de Chimie Radicalire Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, ICR UMR 7273, Marseille, Cedex 20 France
| | - Mathilde H. Lerche
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jan Henrik Ardenkjær-Larsen
- grid.5170.30000 0001 2181 8870HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abhyankar N, Szalai V. Challenges and Advances in the Application of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization to Liquid-State NMR Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:5171-5190. [PMID: 33960784 PMCID: PMC9871957 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.0c10937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful method to study the molecular structure and dynamics of materials. The inherently low sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy is a consequence of low spin polarization. Hyperpolarization of a spin ensemble is defined as a population difference between spin states that far exceeds what is expected from the Boltzmann distribution for a given temperature. Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can overcome the relatively low sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy by using a paramagnetic matrix to hyperpolarize a nuclear spin ensemble. Application of DNP to NMR can result in sensitivity gains of up to four orders of magnitude compared to NMR without DNP. Although DNP NMR is now more routinely utilized for solid-state (ss) NMR spectroscopy, it has not been exploited to the same degree for liquid-state samples. This Review will consider challenges and advances in the application of DNP NMR to liquid-state samples. The Review is organized into four sections: (i) mechanisms of DNP NMR relevant to hyperpolarization of liquid samples; (ii) applications of liquid-state DNP NMR; (iii) available detection schemes for liquid-state samples; and (iv) instrumental challenges and outlook for liquid-state DNP NMR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nandita Abhyankar
- Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA,National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
| | - Veronika Szalai
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA,Corresponding authors: ,
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Reineri F, Cavallari E, Carrera C, Aime S. Hydrogenative-PHIP polarized metabolites for biological studies. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 34:25-47. [PMID: 33527252 PMCID: PMC7910253 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00904-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ParaHydrogen induced polarization (PHIP) is an efficient and cost-effective hyperpolarization method, but its application to biological investigations has been hampered, so far, due to chemical challenges. PHIP is obtained by means of the addition of hydrogen, enriched in the para-spin isomer, to an unsaturated substrate. Both hydrogen atoms must be transferred to the same substrate, in a pairwise manner, by a suitable hydrogenation catalyst; therefore, a de-hydrogenated precursor of the target molecule is necessary. This has strongly limited the number of parahydrogen polarized substrates. The non-hydrogenative approach brilliantly circumvents this central issue, but has not been translated to in-vivo yet. Recent advancements in hydrogenative PHIP (h-PHIP) considerably widened the possibility to hyperpolarize metabolites and, in this review, we will focus on substrates that have been obtained by means of this method and used in vivo. Attention will also be paid to the requirements that must be met and on the issues that have still to be tackled to obtain further improvements and to push PHIP substrates in biological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Reineri
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy.
| | - Eleonora Cavallari
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Carla Carrera
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Aime
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Turin, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Hyperpolarization via dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization: new technological and methodological advances. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2020; 34:5-23. [PMID: 33185800 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00894-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Dissolution-DNP is a method to boost liquid-state NMR sensitivity by several orders of magnitude. The technique consists in hyperpolarizing samples by solid-state dynamic nuclear polarization at low temperature and moderate magnetic field, followed by an instantaneous melting and dilution of the sample happening inside the polarizer. Although the technique is well established and the outstanding signal enhancement paved the way towards many applications precluded to conventional NMR, the race to develop new methods allowing higher throughput, faster and higher polarization, and longer exploitation of the signal is still vivid. In this work, we review the most recent advances on dissolution-DNP methods trying to overcome the original technique's shortcomings. The review describes some of the new approaches in the field, first, in terms of sample formulation and properties, and second, in terms of instrumentation.
Collapse
|