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Strub E, Grödler D, Zaratti D, Yong C, Dünnebier L, Bazhenova S, Roca Jungfer M, Breugst M, Zegke M. Pertechnetates - A Structural Study Across the Periodic Table. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202400131. [PMID: 38415941 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The number of crystal structures of pertechnetates derived from aqueous solutions has been expanded from seven to over 30. We report the conversion of NH4TcO4 to aqueous HtcO4 via acidic cation exchange. This is followed by the synthesis and structural elucidation of pertechnetate salts of alkaline earth (AE), transition metal I and lanthanoids (Ln) elements. Various degrees of hydration and coordination are discussed. Where possible, a comparison with the perrhenate homologues is made. The described syntheses and materials may be used as novel starting materials for extended technetium research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Strub
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis Grödler
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Daniele Zaratti
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clarence Yong
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa Dünnebier
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sonja Bazhenova
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maximilian Roca Jungfer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martin Breugst
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Markus Zegke
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Nuclear Chemistry, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 45, 50674, Cologne, Germany
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Binelli L, Dini V, Amatori S, Scotognella T, Giordano A, De Berardis B, Bertelà F, Battocchio C, Iucci G, Fratoddi I, Cartoni A, Venditti I. Gold Nanorods as Radiopharmaceutical Carriers: Preparation and Preliminary Radiobiological In Vitro Tests. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1898. [PMID: 37446414 DOI: 10.3390/nano13131898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Low-energy electrons (Auger electrons) can be produced via the interaction of photons with gold atoms in gold nanorods (AuNRs). These electrons are similar to those emitted during the decay of technetium-99m (99mTc), a radioactive nuclide widely used for diagnostics in nuclear medicine. Auger and internal conversion (IC) electron emitters appropriately targeted to the DNA of tumors cells may, therefore, represent a new radiotherapeutic approach. 99mTc radiopharmaceuticals, which are used for diagnosis, could indeed be used in theragnostic fields when loaded on AuNRs and delivered to a tumor site. This work aims to provide a proof of concept (i) to evaluate AuNRs as carriers of 99mTc-based radiopharmaceuticals, and (ii) to evaluate the efficacy of Auger electrons emitted by photon-irradiated AuNRs in inducing radio-induced damage in T98G cells, thus mimicking the effect of Auger electrons emitted during the decay of 99mTc used in clinical settings. Data are presented on AuNRs' chemical characterization (with an aspect ratio of 3.2 and Surface Plasmon Resonance bands at 520 and 680 nm) and the loading of pharmaceuticals (after 99mTc decay) on their surface. Spectroscopic characterizations, such as UV-Vis and synchrotron radiation-induced X-ray photoelectron (SR-XPS) spectroscopies, were performed to investigate the drug-AuNR interaction. Finally, preliminary radiobiological data on cell killing with AuNRs are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Binelli
- Sciences Department, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma3, Department of Sciences, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Dini
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Roma1, Department of Physics, University La Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Amatori
- Sciences Department, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Teresa Scotognella
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Giordano
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Radiological and Hematological Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara De Berardis
- National Center for Innovative Technologies in Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Giovanna Iucci
- Sciences Department, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fratoddi
- Chemistry Department, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Iole Venditti
- Sciences Department, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
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Katsenovich YP, Maria AA, Williams J, Kandel S, Boglaienko D, Emerson HP, Levitskaia TG. Reductive removal of pertechnetate and chromate by zero valent iron under variable ionic strength conditions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 445:130546. [PMID: 37055961 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive technetium-99 (Tc) present in waste streams and subsurface plumes at legacy nuclear reprocessing sites worldwide poses potential risks to human health and environment. This research comparatively evaluated efficiency of zero-valent iron (ZVI) toward reductive removal of Tc(VII) in presence of Cr(VI) from NaCl and Na2SO4 electrolyte solutions under ambient atmospheric conditions. In both electrolytes, anticorrosive Cr(VI) suppressed oxidation of ZVI at elevated concentrations resulting in the delay of initiation of Tc(VII) reduction to Tc(IV). In the absence of Cr(VI), no delay was observed in the analogous systems. At low ionic strength (IS), retarded ZVI oxidation inhibited Tc(VII) reduction. Higher IS favored reduction of both Tc(VII) and Cr(VI), which followed second-order reaction rates in both electrolytes attributed to the more efficient iron oxidation as evident from solids characterization studies. Magnetite was the primary iron oxide phase, and its higher fraction in the SO42- solutions facilitated reductive removal of Tc(VII) and Cr(VI). In the Cl- matrix, Cr(VI) promoted further oxidation of magnetite as well as formation of chromite diminishing overall reductive capacity of this system and resulting in less effective removal of Tc(VII) compared to the SO42- solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yelena P Katsenovich
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
| | - Antony Arun Maria
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Jonathan Williams
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Shambhu Kandel
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Daria Boglaienko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Hilary P Emerson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Ahmad A, Kurniawan SB, Abdullah SRS, Othman AR, Hasan HA. Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) in aquaculture effluent: Insight into breeding and rearing activities, alarming impacts, regulations, performance of wastewater treatment unit and future approaches. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 290:133319. [PMID: 34922971 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of aquaculture products and effluents by contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) from the direct chemical use in aquaculture activities or surrounding industries is currently an issue of increasing concern as these CECs exert acute and chronic effects on living organisms. CECs have been detected in aquaculture water, sediment, and culture species, and antibiotics, antifoulants, and disinfectants are the commonly detected groups. Through accumulation, CECs can reside in the tissue of aquaculture products and eventually consumed by humans. Currently, effluents containing CECs are discharged to the surrounding environment while producing sediments that eventually contaminate rivers as receiving bodies. The rearing (grow-out) stages of aquaculture activities are issues regarding CECs-contamination in aquaculture covering water, sediment, and aquaculture products. Proper regulations should be imposed on all aquaculturists to control chemical usage and ensure compliance to guidelines for appropriate effluent treatment. Several techniques for treating aquaculture effluents contaminated by CECs have been explored, including adsorption, wetland construction, photocatalysis, filtration, sludge activation, and sedimentation. The challenges imposed by CECs on aquaculture activities are discussed for the purpose of obtaining insights into current issues and providing future approaches for resolving associated problems. Stakeholders, such as researchers focusing on environment and aquaculture, are expected to benefit from the presented results in this article. In addition, the results may be useful in establishing aquaculture-related CECs regulations, assessing toxicity to living biota, and preventing pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azmi Ahmad
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Polytechnic Education and Community College, Ministry of Higher Education, 62100, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Setyo Budi Kurniawan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Siti Rozaimah Sheikh Abdullah
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Ahmad Razi Othman
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hassimi Abu Hasan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
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Kandel S, Katsenovich YP, Boglaienko D, Emerson HP, Levitskaia TG. Time dependent zero valent iron oxidation and the reductive removal of pertechnetate at variable pH. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 424:127400. [PMID: 34638077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Elemental iron Fe0 is a promising reductant for removal of radioactive technetium-99 (Tc) from complex aqueous waste streams that contain sulfate, halides, and other inorganic anions generated during processing of legacy radioactive waste. The impact of sulfate on the kinetics of oxidation and reduction capacity of Fe0 in the presence of Tc has not been examined. We investigated the oxidative transformation of Fe0 and reductive removal of TcO4- in 0.1 M Na2SO4 as a function of initial pH (i.e., pHi 4, 7, and 10) under aerobic conditions up to 30 days. Tc reduction was the fastest at pHi 7 and slowest at pHi 10 (Tc reduction rate pHi 7 > 4 > 10). Aqueous fraction of Tc was measured at 0.4% at pHi 7 within 6 h, whereas ≥ 97% of Tc was removed from solutions at pHi of 4 and 10 within 24 h. Solid phase characterization showed that magnetite was the only oxidized crystalline phase for the first 6 h regardless of initial pH. Lepidocrocite was the most abundant oxidized product for pHi 10 after 5 days, but was not observed at pH of 4 or 7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhu Kandel
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Yelena P Katsenovich
- Applied Research Center, Florida International University, 10555W Flagler St, Miami, FL 33174, USA.
| | - Daria Boglaienko
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
| | - Hilary P Emerson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Tatiana G Levitskaia
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Blvd, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Schmeide K, Rossberg A, Bok F, Shams Aldin Azzam S, Weiss S, Scheinost AC. Technetium immobilization by chukanovite and its oxidative transformation products: Neural network analysis of EXAFS spectra. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 770:145334. [PMID: 33736379 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The uptake of the fission product technetium (Tc) by chukanovite, an FeII hydroxy carbonate mineral formed as a carbon steel corrosion product in anoxic and carbonate-rich environments, was studied under anoxic, alkaline to hyperalkaline conditions representative for nuclear waste repositories in deep geological formations with cement-based inner linings. The retention potential of chukanovite towards TcVII is high in the pH range 7.8 to 12.6, evidenced by high solid-water distribution coefficients, log Rd ~ 6, and independent of ionic strength (0.1 or 1 M NaCl). Using Tc K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) two series of samples were investigated, Tc chukanovite sorption samples and coprecipitates, prepared with varying Tc loadings, pH values and contact times. From the resulting 37 XAS spectra, spectral endmembers and their dependence on chemical parameters were derived by self-organizing (Kohonen) maps (SOM), a neural network-based approach of machine learning. X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) data confirmed the complete reduction of TcVII to TcIV by chukanovite under all experimental conditions. Consistent with mineralogical phases identified by X-ray diffraction (XRD), SOM analysis of the extended X-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) spectra revealed the presence of three species in the sorption samples, the speciation predominately controlled by pH: Between pH 7.8 and 11.8, TcO2-dimers form inner-sphere sorption complexes at the surface of the initial chukanovite as well as on the surface of secondary magnetite formed due to redox reaction. At pH ≥ 11.9, TcIV is incorporated in a mixed, chukanovite-like, Fe/Tc hydroxy carbonate precipitate. The same species formed when using the coprecipitation approach. Reoxidation of sorption samples resulted in a small remobilization of Tc, demonstrating that both the original chukanovite mineral and its oxidative transformation products, magnetite and goethite, contribute to the immobilization of Tc in the long term, thus strongly attenuating its environmental transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Schmeide
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany.
| | - André Rossberg
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Frank Bok
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Salim Shams Aldin Azzam
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Stephan Weiss
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas C Scheinost
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden - Rossendorf, Institute of Resource Ecology, Bautzner Landstraße 400, 01328 Dresden, Germany; The Rossendorf Beamline at ESRF - The European Synchrotron, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France.
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