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Yang Y, Yang J, Li L, Shao Y, Liu L, Sun B. Neutrophil chemotaxis score and chemotaxis-related genes have the potential for clinical application to prognosticate the survival of patients with tumours. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:1244. [PMID: 39379856 PMCID: PMC11463147 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12993-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/25/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024] Open
Abstract
As frontline cells, the precise recruitment of neutrophils is crucial for resolving inflammation and maintaining the homeostasis of the organism. Increasing evidence suggests the pivotal role of neutrophil chemotaxis in cancer progression and metastasis. Here, we collected clinical data and peripheral blood samples from patients with tumours to examine the alterations in the neutrophil quantity and chemotactic function using the Cell Chemotaxis Analysis Platform (CCAP). Transcriptome sequencing data of pan-cancer were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression model, we selected a total of 29 genes from 155 neutrophil- and chemotaxis-related genes to construct the ChemoScore model. Meanwhile, nomogram-based comprehensive model was established for clinical application. Furthermore, immunofluorescence (IF) staining was employed to assess the relationship between the neutrophils infiltrating and the survival outcomes of tumours. In this observational study, the chemotactic function of neutrophils was notably diminished in patients. The establishment and validation of ChemoScore suggested neutrophil chemotaxis to be a risk factor in most tumours, whereby higher scores were associated with poorer survival outcomes and were correlated with various immune cells and malignant biological processes. Moreover, IF staining of tumour tissue substantiated the adverse correlation between neutrophil infiltration and the survival of patients with lung adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0002) and colon adenocarcinoma (P = 0.0472). Taken together, patients with tumours demonstrated a decrease in chemotactic function. ChemoScore potentially prognosticates the survival of patients with tumours. Neutrophil chemotaxis provides novel directions and theoretical foundations for anti-tumour treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxi Yang
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China
| | - Linbin Li
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China
| | - Yiming Shao
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining, Shandong Province, 272000, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China
| | - Bingwei Sun
- Research Center for Neutrophil Engineering Technology, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215002, China.
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2
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Ma D, Xie A, Lv J, Min X, Zhang X, Zhou Q, Gao D, Wang E, Gao L, Cheng L, Liu S. Engineered extracellular vesicles enable high-efficient delivery of intracellular therapeutic proteins. Protein Cell 2024; 15:724-743. [PMID: 38518087 PMCID: PMC11443452 DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing an intracellular delivery system is of key importance in the expansion of protein-based therapeutics acting on cytosolic or nuclear targets. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been exploited as next-generation delivery modalities due to their natural role in intercellular communication and biocompatibility. However, fusion of protein of interest to a scaffold represents a widely used strategy for cargo enrichment in EVs, which could compromise the stability and functionality of cargo. Herein, we report intracellular delivery via EV-based approach (IDEA) that efficiently packages and delivers native proteins both in vitro and in vivo without the use of a scaffold. As a proof-of-concept, we applied the IDEA to deliver cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS), an innate immune sensor. The results showed that cGAS-carrying EVs activated interferon signaling and elicited enhanced antitumor immunity in multiple syngeneic tumor models. Combining cGAS EVs with immune checkpoint inhibition further synergistically boosted antitumor efficacy in vivo. Mechanistically, scRNA-seq demonstrated that cGAS EVs mediated significant remodeling of intratumoral microenvironment, revealing a pivotal role of infiltrating neutrophils in the antitumor immune milieu. Collectively, IDEA, as a universal and facile strategy, can be applied to expand and advance the development of protein-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Ma
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - An Xie
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jiahui Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaolin Min
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinye Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Daxing Gao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Enyu Wang
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Linzhao Cheng
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Senquan Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230001, China
- Blood and Cell Therapy Institute, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Blood Research and Applications, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230036, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
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3
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Ettel P, Weichhart T. Not just sugar: metabolic control of neutrophil development and effector functions. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 116:487-510. [PMID: 38450755 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiae057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
The mammalian immune system is constantly surveying our tissues to clear pathogens and maintain tissue homeostasis. In order to fulfill these tasks, immune cells take up nutrients to supply energy for survival and for directly regulating effector functions via their cellular metabolism, a process now known as immunometabolism. Neutrophilic granulocytes, the most abundant leukocytes in the human body, have a short half-life and are permanently needed in the defense against pathogens. According to a long-standing view, neutrophils were thought to primarily fuel their metabolic demands via glycolysis. Yet, this view has been challenged, as other metabolic pathways recently emerged to contribute to neutrophil homeostasis and effector functions. In particular during neutrophilic development, the pentose phosphate pathway, glycogen synthesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and fatty acid oxidation crucially promote neutrophil maturation. At steady state, both glucose and lipid metabolism sustain neutrophil survival and maintain the intracellular redox balance. This review aims to comprehensively discuss how neutrophilic metabolism adapts during development, which metabolic pathways fuel their functionality, and how these processes are reconfigured in case of various diseases. We provide several examples of hereditary diseases, in which mutations in metabolic enzymes validate their critical role for neutrophil function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ettel
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Weichhart
- Institute for Medical Genetics, Center for Pathobiochemistry and Genetics, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 10, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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4
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Yi C, Yang J, Zhang T, Xie Z, Xiong Q, Chen D, Jiang S. lncRNA signature mediates mitochondrial permeability transition-driven necrosis in regulating the tumor immune microenvironment of cervical cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:17406. [PMID: 39075098 PMCID: PMC11286791 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT)-driven necrosis (MPTDN) was a regulated variant of cell death triggered by specific stimuli. It played a crucial role in the development of organisms and the pathogenesis of diseases, and may provide new strategies for treating various diseases. However, there was limited research on the mechanisms of MPTDN in cervical cancer (CESC) at present. In this study, Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) was performed on differentially expressed genes in CESC. The module MEyellow, which showed the highest correlation with the phenotype, was selected for in-depth analysis. It was found that the genes in the MEyellow module may be associated with the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Through COX univariate regression and LASSO regression analysis, 6 key genes were identified. These genes were further investigated from multiple perspectives, including their independent diagnostic value, prognostic value, specific regulatory mechanisms in the tumor immune microenvironment, drug sensitivity analysis, and somatic mutation analysis. This study provided a comprehensive exploration of the mechanisms of action of these 6 key genes in CESC patients. And qRT-PCR validation was also conducted. Through COX univariate regression and LASSO coefficient screening of the MEyellow module, 6 key genes were identified: CHRM3-AS2, AC096734.1, BISPR, LINC02446, LINC00944, and DGUOK-AS1. Evaluation of the independent diagnostic value of these 6 key genes revealed that they can serve as independent diagnostic biomarkers. Through correlation analysis among these 6 genes, a potential regulatory mechanism among them was identified. Therefore, a risk prognostic model was established based on the collective action of these 6 genes, and the model showed good performance in predicting the survival period of CESC patients. By studying the relationship between these 6 key genes and the tumor microenvironment of CESC patients from multiple angles, it was found that these 6 genes are key regulatory factors in the tumor immune microenvironment of CESC patients. Additionally, 16 drugs that are associated with these 6 key genes were identified, and 8 small molecule drugs were predicted based on the lncRNA-mRNA network. The 6 key genes can serve as independent biomarkers for diagnosis, and the Risk score of these genes when acting together can be used as an indicator for predicting the clinical survival period of CESC patients. Additionally, these 6 key genes were closely related to the tumor immune microenvironment of CESC patients and were the important regulatory factors in the tumor immune microenvironment of CESC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zilu Xie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qiliang Xiong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China
| | - Dongjuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hubei Province, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Shaofeng Jiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Nanchang Hang Kong University, Nanchang, 330063, Jiangxi, China.
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5
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Curvello R, Berndt N, Hauser S, Loessner D. Recreating metabolic interactions of the tumour microenvironment. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:518-532. [PMID: 38212233 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Tumours are heterogeneous tissues containing diverse populations of cells and an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM). This tumour microenvironment prompts cancer cells to adapt their metabolism to survive and grow. Besides epigenetic factors, the metabolism of cancer cells is shaped by crosstalk with stromal cells and extracellular components. To date, most experimental models neglect the complexity of the tumour microenvironment and its relevance in regulating the dynamics of the metabolism in cancer. We discuss emerging strategies to model cellular and extracellular aspects of cancer metabolism. We highlight cancer models based on bioengineering, animal, and mathematical approaches to recreate cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions and patient-specific metabolism. Combining these approaches will improve our understanding of cancer metabolism and support the development of metabolism-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Curvello
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nikolaus Berndt
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Computer-assisted Cardiovascular Medicine, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité, Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Hauser
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Department of Radiopharmaceutical and Chemical Biology, Dresden, Germany
| | - Daniela Loessner
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden e.V., Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Dresden, Germany; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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6
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Huang Z, Sun K, Luo Z, Zhang J, Zhou H, Yin H, Liang Z, You J. Spleen-targeted delivery systems and strategies for spleen-related diseases. J Control Release 2024; 370:773-797. [PMID: 38734313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The spleen, body's largest secondary lymphoid organ, is also a vital hematopoietic and immunological organ. It is regarded as one of the most significant organs in humans. As more researchers recognize the functions of the spleen, clinical methods for treating splenic diseases and spleen-targeted drug delivery systems to improve the efficacy of spleen-related therapies have gradually developed. Many modification strategies (size, charge, ligand, protein corona) and hitchhiking strategies (erythrocytes, neutrophils) of nanoparticles (NPs) have shown a significant increase in spleen targeting efficiency. However, most of the targeted drug therapy strategies for the spleen are to enhance or inhibit the immune function of the spleen to achieve therapeutic effects, and there are few studies on spleen-related diseases. In this review, we not only provide a detailed summary of the design rules for spleen-targeted drug delivery systems in recent years, but also introduce common spleen diseases (splenic tumors, splenic injuries, and splenomegaly) with the hopes of generating more ideas for future spleen research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Kedong Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Luo
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Junlei Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Huanli Zhou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Hang Yin
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China
| | - Zhile Liang
- School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 LongMian road, NanJing, JiangSu 211198, PR China
| | - Jian You
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, PR China; Zhejiang-California International Nanosystems Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, PR China.
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7
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Lee SE, Koo BS, Sun P, Yi S, Choi NR, Yoon J, Kim SY, Kim SK, Park S, Lakhani A, O'Keeffe S, Park JO, Kang DH, Kang YE. Neutrophil diversity is associated with T-cell immunity and clinical relevance in patients with thyroid cancer. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:222. [PMID: 38719807 PMCID: PMC11078953 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-01970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil heterogeneity is involved in autoimmune diseases, sepsis, and several cancers. However, the link between neutrophil heterogeneity and T-cell immunity in thyroid cancer is incompletely understood. We investigated the circulating neutrophil heterogeneity in 3 undifferentiated thyroid cancer (UTC), 14 differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) (4 Stage IV, 10 Stage I-II), and healthy controls (n = 10) by transcriptomic data and cytometry. Participants with UTC had a significantly higher proportion of immature high-density neutrophils (HDN) and lower proportion of mature HDN in peripheral blood compared to DTC. The proportion of circulating PD-L1+ immature neutrophils were significantly increased in advanced cancer patients. Unsupervised analysis of transcriptomics data from circulating HDN revealed downregulation of innate immune response and T-cell receptor signaling pathway in cancer patients. Moreover, UTC patients revealed the upregulation of glycolytic process and glutamate receptor signaling pathway. Comparative analysis across tumor types and stages revealed the downregulation of various T-cell-related pathways, such as T-cell receptor signaling pathway and T-cell proliferation in advanced cancer patients. Moreover, the proportions of CD8+ and CD4+ T effector memory CD45RA+ (TEMRA) cells from peripheral blood were significantly decreased in UTC patients compared to DTC patients. Finally, we demonstrated that proportions of tumor-infiltrated neutrophils were increased and related with poor prognosis in advanced thyroid cancer using data from our RNA-seq and TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) data. In conclusion, observed prevalence of circulating immature high-density neutrophils and their immunosuppressive features in undifferentiated thyroid cancers underscore the importance of understanding neutrophil dynamics in the context of tumor progression in thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Eun Lee
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Bon Seok Koo
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chungnam National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Pureum Sun
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinae Yi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Na Rae Choi
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeon Yoon
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Deajeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongyeol Park
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aliya Lakhani
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Samantha O'Keeffe
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Junyoung O Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Da Hyun Kang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yea Eun Kang
- Research Institute for Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital & College of Medicine, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon, 35015, Republic of Korea.
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8
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Białek M, Lepionka T, Wojtak W, Ruszczyńska A, Bulska E, Czauderna M, Białek A. Splenic Elemental Composition of Breast Cancer-Suffering Rats Supplemented with Pomegranate Seed Oil and Bitter Melon Extract. Molecules 2024; 29:1942. [PMID: 38731433 PMCID: PMC11085740 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate how dietary modifications with pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon aqueous extract (BME) affect mineral content in the spleen of rats both under normal physiological conditions and with coexisting mammary tumorigenesis. The diet of Sprague-Dawley female rats was supplemented either with PSO or with BME, or with a combination for 21 weeks. A chemical carcinogen (7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene) was applied intragastrically to induce mammary tumors. In the spleen of rats, the selected elements were determined with a quadrupole mass spectrometer with inductively coupled plasma ionization (ICP-MS). ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in elemental composition among experimental groups. Multivariate statistical methods were used to discover whether some subtle dependencies exist between experimental factors and thus influence the element content. Experimental factors affected the splenic levels of macroelements, except for potassium. Both diet modification and the cancerogenic process resulted in significant changes in the content of Fe, Se, Co, Cr, Ni, Al, Sr, Pb, Cd, B, and Tl in rat spleen. Chemometric analysis revealed the greatest impact of the ongoing carcinogenic process on the mineral composition of the spleen. The obtained results may contribute to a better understanding of peripheral immune organ functioning, especially during the neoplastic process, and thus may help develop anticancer prevention and treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Tomasz Lepionka
- The Biological Threats Identification and Countermeasure Center of the General Karol Kaczkowski Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Lubelska 4 St., 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Wiktoria Wojtak
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Anna Ruszczyńska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Ewa Bulska
- Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland; (A.R.); (E.B.)
| | - Marian Czauderna
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Agnieszka Białek
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05-110 Jabłonna, Poland; (W.W.); (M.C.); (A.B.)
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01-043 Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Rajgopal S, Nakano K, Cook LM. Beyond the horizon: Neutrophils leading the way in the evolution of immunotherapy. Cancer Med 2023; 12:21885-21904. [PMID: 38062888 PMCID: PMC10757139 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease, initiated by a multitude of intrinsic mutations and progressed with the assistance of the tissue microenvironment, encompassed by stromal cells including immune cell infiltration. The novel finding that tumors can evade anti-cancer immune functions shaped the field of immunotherapy, which has been a revolutionary approach for the treatment of cancers. However, the development of predominantly T cell-targeted immunotherapy approaches, such as immune checkpoint inhibition, also brought about an accumulation of evidence demonstrating other immune cell drivers of tumor progression, such as innate immune cells and notably, neutrophils. In the past decade, neutrophils have emerged to be primary mediators of multiple cancer types and even in recent years, are gaining attention for their potential use in the next generation of immunotherapies. Here, we review current immunotherapy strategies and thoroughly discuss the roles of neutrophils in cancer and novel neutrophil-targeted methods for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjana Rajgopal
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology, and AnatomyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Kosuke Nakano
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
| | - Leah M. Cook
- Department of Pathology and MicrobiologyUniversity of Nebraska Medical CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer CenterOmahaNebraskaUSA
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