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Cassim A, Dun MD, Gallego-Ortega D, Valdes-Mora F. EZHIP's role in diffuse midline glioma: echoes of oncohistones? Trends Cancer 2024:S2405-8033(24)00191-2. [PMID: 39343635 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2024.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2024] [Revised: 09/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/03/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
The enhancer of zeste inhibitory protein (EZHIP) is typically expressed during germ cell development and has been classified as a cancer-testis antigen (CTA) in various cancers. In 2020, 4% of diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs) were shown to aberrantly express EZHIP, mirroring the DMG hallmark histone H3 K27M (H3K27M) oncohistone mutation. Similar to H3K27M, EZHIP is a negative regulator of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), leading to global epigenomic remodeling. In this opinion, we explore the similarities and disparities between H3K27M- and EZHIP-DMGs with a focus on their shared functional hallmark of PRC2 inhibition, their genetic and epigenomic landscapes, plausible differences in the cell of origin, and therapeutic avenues. Upcoming research on EZHIP will help better understand its role in gliomagenesis and DMG therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afraah Cassim
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Cancer Signalling Research Group, School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia; Precision Medicine Research Program, Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia; Paediatric Stream, Mark Hughes Foundation Centre for Brain Cancer Research, College of Health, Medicine, and Wellbeing, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Gallego-Ortega
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fatima Valdes-Mora
- Cancer Epigenetic Biology and Therapeutics Laboratory, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, Kensington, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia.
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Pulous FE, Steurer B, Pun FW, Zhang M, Ren F, Zhavoronkov A. MAT2A inhibition combats metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:104189. [PMID: 39306235 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.104189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming are crucial hallmarks of carcinogenesis that present exploitable vulnerabilities for the development of targeted anticancer therapies. Through controlling the balance of the cellular methionine (MET) metabolite pool, MET adenosyl transferase 2 alpha (MAT2A) regulates crucial steps during metabolism and the epigenetic control of transcription. The aberrant function of MAT2A has been shown to drive malignant transformation through metabolic addiction, transcriptional rewiring, and immune modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Moreover, MAT2A sustains the survival of 5'-methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP)-deficient tumors, conferring synthetic lethality to cancers with MTAP loss, a genetic alteration that occurs in ∼15% of all cancers. Thus, the pharmacological inhibition of MAT2A is emerging as a desirable therapeutic strategy to combat tumor growth. Here, we review the latest insights into MAT2A biology, focusing on its roles in both metabolic addiction and gene expression modulation in the TME, outline the current landscape of MAT2A inhibitors, and highlight the most recent clinical developments and opportunities for MAT2A inhibition as a novel anti-tumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi E Pulous
- Insilico Medicine US Inc, 1000 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 126, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Barbara Steurer
- Insilico Medicine US Inc, 1000 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 126, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Frank W Pun
- Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, 9F, Chamtime Plaza Block C, Lane 2889, Jinke Road, Pudong New Area, China
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, 9F, Chamtime Plaza Block C, Lane 2889, Jinke Road, Pudong New Area, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine US Inc, 1000 Massachusetts Avenue, Suite 126, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Insilico Medicine Hong Kong Ltd, Unit 310, 3/F, Building 8W, Hong Kong Science and Technology Park, Hong Kong SAR, China; Insilico Medicine AI Ltd, Level 6, Unit 08, Block A, IRENA HQ Building, Masdar City, Abu Dhabi, UAE.
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Li XH, Lee SH, Lu QY, Zhan CL, Lee GH, Kim JD, Sim JM, Song HJ, Cui XS. MAT2A is essential for zygotic genome activation by maintaining of histone methylation in porcine embryos. Theriogenology 2024; 230:81-90. [PMID: 39276507 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 08/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/08/2024] [Indexed: 09/17/2024]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) is an essential enzyme in the methionine cycle that generates S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) by reacting with methionine and ATP. SAM acts as a methyl donors for histone and DNA methylation, which plays key roles in zygotic genome activation (ZGA). However, the effects of MAT2A on porcine ZGA remain unclear. To investigate the function of MAT2A and its underlying mechanism in porcine ZGA, MAT2A was knocked down by double-stranded RNA injection at the 1-cell stage. MAT2A is highly expressed at every stage of porcine embryo development. The percentages of four-cell-stage embryos and blastocysts were lower in the MAT2A-knockdown (KD) group than in the control group. Notably, depletion of MAT2A decreased the levels of H3K4me2, H3K9me2/3, and H3K27me3 at the four-cell stage, whereas MAT2A KD reduced the transcriptional activity of ZGA genes. MAT2A KD decreased embryonic ectoderm development (EED) and enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression. Exogenous SAM supplementation rescued histone methylation levels and developmental arrest induced by MAT2A KD. Additionally, MAT2A KD significantly increased DNA damage and apoptosis. In conclusion, MAT2A is involved in regulating transcriptional activity and is essential for regulating histone methylation during porcine ZGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Li
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Song-Hee Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Qin-Yue Lu
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheng-Lin Zhan
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Dam Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Min Sim
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ji Song
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiang-Shun Cui
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, 28644, Republic of Korea.
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Andrade AF, Annett A, Karimi E, Topouza DG, Rezanejad M, Liu Y, McNicholas M, Gonzalez Santiago EG, Llivichuzhca-Loja D, Gehlhaar A, Jessa S, De Cola A, Chandarana B, Russo C, Faury D, Danieau G, Puligandla E, Wei Y, Zeinieh M, Wu Q, Hebert S, Juretic N, Nakada EM, Krug B, Larouche V, Weil AG, Dudley RWR, Karamchandani J, Agnihotri S, Quail DF, Ellezam B, Konnikova L, Walsh LA, Pathania M, Kleinman CL, Jabado N. Immune landscape of oncohistone-mutant gliomas reveals diverse myeloid populations and tumor-promoting function. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7769. [PMID: 39237515 PMCID: PMC11377583 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-52096-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2024] [Indexed: 09/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Histone H3-mutant gliomas are deadly brain tumors characterized by a dysregulated epigenome and stalled differentiation. In contrast to the extensive datasets available on tumor cells, limited information exists on their tumor microenvironment (TME), particularly the immune infiltrate. Here, we characterize the immune TME of H3.3K27M and G34R/V-mutant gliomas, and multiple H3.3K27M mouse models, using transcriptomic, proteomic and spatial single-cell approaches. Resolution of immune lineages indicates high infiltration of H3-mutant gliomas with diverse myeloid populations, high-level expression of immune checkpoint markers, and scarce lymphoid cells, findings uniformly reproduced in all H3.3K27M mouse models tested. We show these myeloid populations communicate with H3-mutant cells, mediating immunosuppression and sustaining tumor formation and maintenance. Dual inhibition of myeloid cells and immune checkpoint pathways show significant therapeutic benefits in pre-clinical syngeneic mouse models. Our findings provide a valuable characterization of the TME of oncohistone-mutant gliomas, and insight into the means for modulating the myeloid infiltrate for the benefit of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Faria Andrade
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Alva Annett
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Elham Karimi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | | | - Morteza Rezanejad
- Departments of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G3, M5S 2E4, Canada
| | - Yitong Liu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michael McNicholas
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, E20 1JQ, UK
| | | | | | - Arne Gehlhaar
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, 53115, Germany
| | - Selin Jessa
- Quantitative Life Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Antonella De Cola
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, E20 1JQ, UK
| | - Bhavyaa Chandarana
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Caterina Russo
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Damien Faury
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Geoffroy Danieau
- Cancer Research Program, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Evan Puligandla
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Michele Zeinieh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Qing Wu
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Steven Hebert
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada
| | - Nikoleta Juretic
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Emily M Nakada
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Brian Krug
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Valerie Larouche
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre mère-enfant Soleil du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Alexander G Weil
- Brain and Development Research Axis, Sainte-Justine Research Centre, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Roy W R Dudley
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Montreal Children's Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Jason Karamchandani
- Department of Pathology, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Benjamin Ellezam
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - Liza Konnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
- Human and Translational Immunology Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Manav Pathania
- Department of Oncology and The Milner Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
- CRUK Children's Brain Tumour Centre of Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, E20 1JQ, UK.
| | - Claudia L Kleinman
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- Lady Davis Research Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, QC, H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada.
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada.
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Wang Z, Zhou W, Chen X, Wu Y, Huang Y, Li F, Gong Z, Xu J, He H, Zhang S. Computer-aided design of a fluorescent MAT2A inhibitor for visualized cancer synthetic lethality. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107582. [PMID: 38924884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Wenting Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Xiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yuxuan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Yihan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Feiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiwei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion and New Carbon Materials of Hubei Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, PR China
| | - Juan Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi 435003, PR China.
| | - Huan He
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Silong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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Guo Y, Li Z, Parsels LA, Wang Z, Parsels JD, Dalvi A, The S, Hu N, Valvo VM, Doherty R, Peterson E, Wang X, Venkataraman S, Agnihotri S, Venneti S, Wahl DR, Green MD, Lawrence TS, Koschmann C, Morgan MA, Zhang Q. H3K27M diffuse midline glioma is homologous recombination defective and sensitized to radiotherapy and NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity by PARP inhibition. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.08.26.609803. [PMID: 39253432 PMCID: PMC11383052 DOI: 10.1101/2024.08.26.609803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment for diffuse midline glioma (DMG), a lethal pediatric malignancy defined by histone H3 lysine 27-to-methionine (H3K27M) mutation. Based on the loss of H3K27 trimethylation producing broad epigenomic alterations, we hypothesized that H3K27M causes a functional double-strand break (DSB) repair defect that could be leveraged therapeutically with PARP inhibitor and RT for selective radiosensitization and antitumor immune responses. Methods H3K27M isogenic DMG cells and orthotopic brainstem DMG tumors in immune deficient and syngeneic, immune competent mice were used to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of PARP1/2 inhibition by olaparib or PARP1 inhibition by AZD9574 with concurrent RT. Results H3K27M mutation caused an HRR defect characterized by impaired RT-induced K63-linked polyubiquitination of histone H1 and inhibition of HRR protein recruitment. H3K27M DMG cells were selectively radiosensitized by olaparib in comparison to isogenic controls, and this effect translated to efficacy in H3K27M orthotopic brainstem tumors. Olaparib and RT induced an innate immune response and induction of NK cell (NKG2D) activating ligands leading to increased NK cell-mediated lysis of DMG tumor cells. In immunocompetent syngeneic orthotopic DMG tumors, either olaparib or AZD9574 in combination with RT enhanced intratumoral NK cell infiltration and activity in association with NK cell-mediated therapeutic responses and favorable activity of AZD9574. Conclusions The HRR deficiency in H3K27M DMG can be therapeutically leveraged with PARP inhibitors to radiosensitize and induce an NK cell-mediated antitumor immune response selectively in H3K27M DMG, supporting the clinical investigation of best-in-class PARP inhibitors with RT in DMG patients. Key points H3K27M DMG are HRR defective and selectively radiosensitized by PARP inhibitor.PARP inhibitor with RT enhances NKG2D ligand expression and NK cell-mediated lysis.NK cells are required for the therapeutic efficacy of PARP inhibitor and RT. Importance of the Study Radiotherapy is the cornerstone of H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma treatment, but almost all patients succumb to tumor recurrence with poor overall survival, underscoring the need for RT-based precision combination therapy. Here, we reveal HRR deficiency as an H3K27M-mediated vulnerability and identify a novel mechanism linking impaired RT-induced histone H1 polyubiquitination and the subsequent RNF168/BRCA1/RAD51 recruitment in H3K27M DMG. This model is supported by selective radiosensitization of H3K27M DMG by PARP inhibitor. Notably, the combination treatment results in NKG2D ligand expression that confers susceptibility to NK cell killing in H3K27M DMG. We also show that the novel brain penetrant, PARP1-selective inhibitor AZD9574 compares favorably to olaparib when combined with RT, prolonging survival in a syngeneic orthotopic model of H3K27M DMG. This study highlights the ability of PARP1 inhibition to radiosensitize and induce an NK cell-mediated antitumor immunity in H3K27M DMG and supports future clinical investigation.
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Bernasocchi T, Mostoslavsky R. Subcellular one carbon metabolism in cancer, aging and epigenetics. FRONTIERS IN EPIGENETICS AND EPIGENOMICS 2024; 2:1451971. [PMID: 39239102 PMCID: PMC11375787 DOI: 10.3389/freae.2024.1451971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2024]
Abstract
The crosstalk between metabolism and epigenetics is an emerging field that is gaining importance in different areas such as cancer and aging, where changes in metabolism significantly impacts the cellular epigenome, in turn dictating changes in chromatin as an adaptive mechanism to bring back metabolic homeostasis. A key metabolic pathway influencing an organism's epigenetic state is one-carbon metabolism (OCM), which includes the folate and methionine cycles. Together, these cycles generate S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), the universal methyl donor essential for DNA and histone methylation. SAM serves as the sole methyl group donor for DNA and histone methyltransferases, making it a crucial metabolite for chromatin modifications. In this review, we will discuss how SAM and its byproduct, S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), along with the enzymes and cofactors involved in OCM, may function in the different cellular compartments, particularly in the nucleus, to directly regulate the epigenome in aging and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziano Bernasocchi
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Raul Mostoslavsky
- The Krantz Family Center for Cancer Research, The Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Xuan YF, Lu S, Ou YJ, Bao XB, Huan XJ, Song SS, Miao ZH, Wang YQ. The combination of methionine adenosyltransferase 2A inhibitor and methyltransferase like 3 inhibitor promotes apoptosis of non-small cell lung cancer cells and produces synergistic anti-tumor activity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 716:150011. [PMID: 38704890 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2 A (MAT2A) mediates the synthesis of methyl donor S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM), providing raw materials for methylation reactions in cells. MAT2A inhibitors are currently used for the treatment of tumors with methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) deficiency in clinical research. Methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) catalyzes N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of mRNA in mammalian cells using SAM as the substrate which has been shown to affect the tumorigenesis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from multiple perspectives. MAT2A-induced SAM depletion may have the potential to inhibit the methyl transfer function of METTL3. Therefore, in order to expand the applicability of inhibitors, improve anti-tumor effects and reduce toxicity, the combinational effect of MAT2A inhibitor AG-270 and METTL3 inhibitor STM2457 was evaluated in NSCLC. The results showed that this combination induced cell apoptosis rather than cell cycle arrest, which was non-tissue-specific and was independent of MTAP expression status, resulting in a significant synergistic anti-tumor effect. We further elucidated that the combination-induced enhanced apoptosis was associated with the decreased m6A level, leading to downregulation of PI3K/AKT protein, ultimately activating the apoptosis-related proteins. Unexpectedly, although combination therapy resulted in metabolic recombination, no significant change in methionine metabolic metabolites was found. More importantly, the combination also exerted synergistic effects in vivo. In summary, the combination of MAT2A inhibitor and METTL3 inhibitor showed synergistic effects both in vivo and in vitro, which laid a theoretical foundation for expanding the clinical application research of the two types of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fei Xuan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Ying-Jie Ou
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Shan-Shan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Cancer Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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9
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Mueller S, Kline C, Franson A, van der Lugt J, Prados M, Waszak SM, Plasschaert SLA, Molinaro AM, Koschmann C, Nazarian J. Rational combination platform trial design for children and young adults with diffuse midline glioma: A report from PNOC. Neuro Oncol 2024; 26:S125-S135. [PMID: 38124481 PMCID: PMC11066905 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a devastating pediatric brain tumor unresponsive to hundreds of clinical trials. Approximately 80% of DMGs harbor H3K27M oncohistones, which reprogram the epigenome to increase the metabolic profile of the tumor cells. Methods We have previously shown preclinical efficacy of targeting both oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis through treatment with ONC201, which activates the mitochondrial protease ClpP, and paxalisib, which inhibits PI3K/mTOR, respectively. Results ONC201 and paxalisib combination treatment aimed at inducing metabolic distress led to the design of the first DMG-specific platform trial PNOC022 (NCT05009992). Conclusions Here, we expand on the PNOC022 rationale and discuss various considerations, including liquid biome, microbiome, and genomic biomarkers, quality-of-life endpoints, and novel imaging modalities, such that we offer direction on future clinical trials in DMG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cassie Kline
- Division of Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrea Franson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Michael Prados
- Department of Neurosurgery and Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sebastian M Waszak
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Laboratory of Computational Neuro-Oncology, Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Annette M Molinaro
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Research Center for Genetic Medicine, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children’s National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
- DMG Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, University Children’s Hospital, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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10
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Sato M, Han Q, Mizuta K, Mori R, Kang BM, Morinaga S, Kobayashi N, Ichikawa Y, Nakajima A, Hoffman RM. Extensive Shrinkage and Long-term Stable Disease in a Teenage Female Patient With High-grade Glioma Treated With Temozolomide and Radiation in Combination With Oral Recombinant Methioninase and a Low-methionine Diet. In Vivo 2024; 38:1459-1464. [PMID: 38688589 PMCID: PMC11059867 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.13591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Gliomas are the most common and recalcitrant malignant primary brain tumors. All cancer types are addicted to methionine, which is a fundamental and general hallmark of cancer known as the Hoffman effect. Particularly glioma cells exhibit methionine addiction. Because of methionine addiction, [11C]-methionine positron emission tomography (MET-PET) is widely used for glioma imaging in clinical practice, which can monitor the extent of methionine addiction. Methionine restriction including recombinant methioninase (rMETase) and a low-methionine diet, has shown high efficacy in preclinical models of gliomas, especially in combination with chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to determine the efficacy of methionine restriction with oral rMETase (o-rMETase) and a low-methionine diet, combined with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ), on a teenage female patient with high-grade glioma. CASE REPORT A 16-year-old girl was diagnosed with high-grade glioma. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a left temporal-lobe tumor with compression to the left lateral ventricle and narrowing of sulci in the left temporal lobe. After the start of methionine restriction with o-rMETase and a low-methionine diet, along with TMZ combined with radiotherapy, the tumor size shrunk at least 60%, with improvement in the left lateral ventricle and sulci. The patient's condition remains stable for 19 months without severe adverse effects. CONCLUSION Methionine restriction consisting of o-rMETase and a low-methionine diet, in combination with radiation and TMZ as first-line chemotherapy, were highly effective in a patient with high-grade glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motokazu Sato
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Mizuta
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - Byung Mo Kang
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Sei Morinaga
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Noritoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ichikawa
- Department of Oncology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakajima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- AntiCancer Inc., San Diego, CA, U.S.A.;
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
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11
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Bin P, Wang C, Zhang H, Yan Y, Ren W. Targeting methionine metabolism in cancer: opportunities and challenges. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2024; 45:395-405. [PMID: 38580603 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2024.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Reprogramming of methionine metabolism is a conserved hallmark of tumorigenesis. Recent studies have revealed mechanisms regulating methionine metabolism within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that drive both cancer development and antitumor immunity evasion. In this review article we summarize advancements in our understanding of tumor regulation of methionine metabolism and therapies in development that target tumor methionine metabolism. We also delineate the challenges of methionine blockade therapies in cancer and discuss emerging strategies to address them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Bin
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Chuanlong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Hangchao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yuqi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenkai Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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12
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Ji M, Xu Q, Li X. Dietary methionine restriction in cancer development and antitumor immunity. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2024; 35:400-412. [PMID: 38383161 PMCID: PMC11096033 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Methionine restriction (MR) has been shown to suppress tumor growth and improve the responses to various anticancer therapies. However, methionine itself is required for the proliferation, activation, and differentiation of T cells that are crucial for antitumor immunity. The dual impact of methionine, that influences both tumor and immune cells, has generated concerns regarding the potential consequences of MR on T cell immunity and its possible role in promoting cancer. In this review we systemically examine current literature on the interactions between dietary methionine, cancer cells, and immune cells. Based on recent findings on MR in immunocompetent animals, we further discuss how tumor stage-specific methionine dependence of immune cells and cancer cells in the tumor microenvironment could ultimately dictate the response of tumors to MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Ji
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Qing Xu
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
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13
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Peterson ER, Sajjakulnukit P, Scott AJ, Heaslip C, Andren A, Wilder-Romans K, Zhou W, Palavalasa S, Korimerla N, Lin A, O'Brien A, Kothari A, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Morgan MA, Venneti S, Koschmann C, Jabado N, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG, Wahl DR. Purine salvage promotes treatment resistance in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. Cancer Metab 2024; 12:11. [PMID: 38594734 PMCID: PMC11003124 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-024-00341-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are a fatal form of brain cancer. These tumors often carry a driver mutation on histone H3 converting lysine 27 to methionine (H3K27M). DMG-H3K27M are characterized by altered metabolism and resistance to standard of care radiation (RT) but how the H3K27M mediates the metabolic response to radiation and consequent treatment resistance is uncertain. METHODS We performed metabolomics on irradiated and untreated H3K27M isogenic DMG cell lines and observed an H3K27M-specific enrichment for purine synthesis pathways. We profiled the expression of purine synthesis enzymes in publicly available patient data and our models, quantified purine synthesis using stable isotope tracing, and characterized the in vitro and in vivo response to de novo and salvage purine synthesis inhibition in combination with RT. RESULTS DMG-H3K27M cells activate purine metabolism in an H3K27M-specific fashion. In the absence of genotoxic treatment, H3K27M-expressing cells have higher relative activity of de novo synthesis and apparent lower activity of purine salvage demonstrated via stable isotope tracing of key metabolites in purine synthesis and by lower expression of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT), the rate-limiting enzyme of purine salvage into IMP and GMP. Inhibition of de novo guanylate synthesis radiosensitized DMG-H3K27M cells in vitro and in vivo. Irradiated H3K27M cells upregulated HGPRT expression and hypoxanthine-derived guanylate salvage but maintained high levels of guanine-derived salvage. Exogenous guanine supplementation decreased radiosensitization in cells treated with combination RT and de novo purine synthesis inhibition. Silencing HGPRT combined with RT markedly suppressed DMG-H3K27M tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that DMG-H3K27M cells rely on highly active purine synthesis, both from the de novo and salvage synthesis pathways. However, highly active salvage of free purine bases into mature guanylates can bypass inhibition of the de novo synthetic pathway. We conclude that inhibiting purine salvage may be a promising strategy to overcome treatment resistance in DMG-H3K27M tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik R Peterson
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter Sajjakulnukit
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew J Scott
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Caleb Heaslip
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Andren
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kari Wilder-Romans
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Weihua Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sravya Palavalasa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Navyateja Korimerla
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angelica Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alexandra O'Brien
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ayesha Kothari
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zitong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Meredith A Morgan
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Carl Koschmann
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Nada Jabado
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria G Castro
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daniel R Wahl
- Doctoral Program in Cancer Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Medical Science Unit I, 1301 Catherine Street, Rm 4433, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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14
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Li Y, Liu C, Xin L, Liu C, Cao J, Yue Z, Sheng J, Yuan Y, Zhou Q, Liu Z. Upregulation of E-cadherin by the combination of methionine restriction and HDAC2 intervention for inhibiting gastric carcinoma metastasis. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2024; 56:62-70. [PMID: 38143381 PMCID: PMC11000262 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2023244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasion and metastasis are the leading causes of death in individuals with malignant tumors, including gastric cancer. In this study, we aim to explore the effect and related mechanisms of methionine restriction (MR) on gastric carcinoma metastasis. In the MR cell model, gastric carcinoma cells are cultured in the MR medium, and in the animal model, BALB/c nude rodents are administered with a methionine-free diet after receiving injections of MKN45 cells into the caudal vein. Transwell assay is used to detect cell invasion and migration. Chromatin immunoprecipitation is performed to investigate the levels of H3K9me2, H3K27Ac, and H3K27me3 in the E-cadherin promoter. The results show that MR inhibits gastric carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis. MR increases E-cadherin while reducing the H3K27me3 level in the E-cadherin promoter. E-cadherin expression in gastric carcinoma cells is adversely regulated by HDAC2. Overexpressing HDAC2 reduces the H3K27Ac level in the E-cadherin promoter, while interfering with HDAC2 increases the H3K27Ac level. HDAC2 interference under MR conditions further upregulates E-cadherin expression and inhibits gastric carcinoma cell migration, invasion, and lung metastasis. MR combined with HDAC2 interference promotes E-cadherin expression by mediating the methylation and acetylation of E-cadherin, thus inhibiting the invasion, migration, and lung metastasis of gastric carcinoma cells. Our study provides a new theoretical basis for the inhibitory effect of MR on gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Li
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Chenxi Liu
- Excellent Ophthalmology Class
221School of Ophthalmology & OptometryNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Lin Xin
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Jiaqing Cao
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Zhenqi Yue
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Jie Sheng
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Yiwu Yuan
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
| | - Zhiyang Liu
- Department of General Surgerythe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang
UniversityNanchang 330006ChinaNanchang UniversityNanchang330006China
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15
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Casillo SM, Gatesman TA, Chilukuri A, Varadharajan S, Johnson BJ, David Premkumar DR, Jane EP, Plute TJ, Koncar RF, Stanton ACJ, Biagi-Junior CAO, Barber CS, Halbert ME, Golbourn BJ, Halligan K, Cruz AF, Mansi NM, Cheney A, Mullett SJ, Land CV, Perez JL, Myers MI, Agrawal N, Michel JJ, Chang YF, Vaske OM, MichaelRaj A, Lieberman FS, Felker J, Shiva S, Bertrand KC, Amankulor N, Hadjipanayis CG, Abdullah KG, Zinn PO, Friedlander RM, Abel TJ, Nazarian J, Venneti S, Filbin MG, Gelhaus SL, Mack SC, Pollack IF, Agnihotri S. An ERK5-PFKFB3 axis regulates glycolysis and represents a therapeutic vulnerability in pediatric diffuse midline glioma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113557. [PMID: 38113141 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic reprogramming in pediatric diffuse midline glioma is driven by gene expression changes induced by the hallmark histone mutation H3K27M, which results in aberrantly permissive activation of oncogenic signaling pathways. Previous studies of diffuse midline glioma with altered H3K27 (DMG-H3K27a) have shown that the RAS pathway, specifically through its downstream kinase, extracellular-signal-related kinase 5 (ERK5), is critical for tumor growth. Further downstream effectors of ERK5 and their role in DMG-H3K27a metabolic reprogramming have not been explored. We establish that ERK5 is a critical regulator of cell proliferation and glycolysis in DMG-H3K27a. We demonstrate that ERK5 mediates glycolysis through activation of transcription factor MEF2A, which subsequently modulates expression of glycolytic enzyme PFKFB3. We show that in vitro and mouse models of DMG-H3K27a are sensitive to the loss of PFKFB3. Multi-targeted drug therapy against the ERK5-PFKFB3 axis, such as with small-molecule inhibitors, may represent a promising therapeutic approach in patients with pediatric diffuse midline glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Casillo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Taylor A Gatesman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Akanksha Chilukuri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Srinidhi Varadharajan
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Brenden J Johnson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Daniel R David Premkumar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Esther P Jane
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Tritan J Plute
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert F Koncar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Ann-Catherine J Stanton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Carlos A O Biagi-Junior
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Callie S Barber
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Matthew E Halbert
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Brian J Golbourn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Katharine Halligan
- Division of Hematology Oncology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Division of Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Andrea F Cruz
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Neveen M Mansi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Allison Cheney
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; University of California, Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Steven J Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Clinton Van't Land
- Division of Genetic and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Rangos Metabolic Core Facility, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Jennifer L Perez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic Alix School of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Max I Myers
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nishant Agrawal
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Joshua J Michel
- Rangos Flow Cytometry Core Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Yue-Fang Chang
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Olena M Vaske
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA; University of California, Santa Cruz Genomics Institute, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Antony MichaelRaj
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Frank S Lieberman
- Adult Neuro-Oncology Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - James Felker
- Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Sruti Shiva
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Heart, Lung, Blood, and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Kelsey C Bertrand
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Nduka Amankulor
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Costas G Hadjipanayis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Kalil G Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Pascal O Zinn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Robert M Friedlander
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Taylor J Abel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Javad Nazarian
- Brain Tumor Institute, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Sriram Venneti
- Laboratory of Brain Tumor Metabolism and Epigenetics, Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Mariella G Filbin
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Stacy L Gelhaus
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Health Sciences Mass Spectrometry Core, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Stephen C Mack
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA; Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Ian F Pollack
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Program, UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA.
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16
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Li F, Liu P, Mi W, Li L, Anderson NM, Lesner NP, Burrows M, Plesset J, Majer A, Wang G, Li J, Zhu L, Keith B, Simon MC. Blocking methionine catabolism induces senescence and confers vulnerability to GSK3 inhibition in liver cancer. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:131-146. [PMID: 38168934 PMCID: PMC11277537 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00671-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Availability of the essential amino acid methionine affects cellular metabolism and growth, and dietary methionine restriction has been implicated as a cancer therapeutic strategy. Nevertheless, how liver cancer cells respond to methionine deprivation and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we find that human liver cancer cells undergo irreversible cell cycle arrest upon methionine deprivation in vitro. Blocking methionine adenosyl transferase 2A (MAT2A)-dependent methionine catabolism induces cell cycle arrest and DNA damage in liver cancer cells, resulting in cellular senescence. A pharmacological screen further identified GSK3 inhibitors as senolytics that selectively kill MAT2A-inhibited senescent liver cancer cells. Importantly, combined treatment with MAT2A and GSK3 inhibitors therapeutically blunts liver tumor growth in vitro and in vivo across multiple models. Together, methionine catabolism is essential for liver tumor growth, and its inhibition can be exploited as an improved pro-senescence strategy for combination with senolytic agents to treat liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuming Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Pingyu Liu
- Human Phenome Institute, Zhangjiang Fudan International Innovation Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Mi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liucheng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Nicole M Anderson
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Nicholas P Lesner
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Michelle Burrows
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jacqueline Plesset
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ariana Majer
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Guanlin Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinyang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingzhi Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Metabolic Remodeling and Health, Institute of Metabolism and Integrative Biology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brian Keith
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Celeste Simon
- Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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17
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Luo Z, Eichinger KM, Zhang A, Li S. Targeting cancer metabolic pathways for improving chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Cancer Lett 2023; 575:216396. [PMID: 37739209 PMCID: PMC10591810 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
Recent discoveries in cancer metabolism have revealed promising metabolic targets to modulate cancer progression, drug response, and anti-cancer immunity. Combination therapy, consisting of metabolic inhibitors and chemotherapeutic or immunotherapeutic agents, offers new opportunities for improved cancer therapy. However, it also presents challenges due to the complexity of cancer metabolic pathways and the metabolic interactions between tumor cells and immune cells. Many studies have been published demonstrating potential synergy between novel inhibitors of metabolism and chemo/immunotherapy, yet our understanding of the underlying mechanisms remains limited. Here, we review the current strategies of altering the metabolic pathways of cancer to improve the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy. We also note the need to differentiate the effect of metabolic inhibition on cancer cells and immune cells and highlight nanotechnology as an emerging solution. Improving our understanding of the complexity of the metabolic pathways in different cell populations and the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy will aid in the discovery of novel strategies that effectively restrict cancer growth and augment the anti-cancer effects of chemo/immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangyi Luo
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Anju Zhang
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Song Li
- Center for Pharmacogenetics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
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18
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Peterson ER, Sajjakulnukit P, Scott AJ, Heaslip C, Andren A, Wilder-Romans K, Zhou W, Palavalasa S, Korimerla N, Lin A, Obrien A, Kothari A, Zhao Z, Zhang L, Morgan MA, Venneti S, Koschmann C, Jabado N, Lyssiotis CA, Castro MG, Wahl DR. Adaptive rewiring of purine metabolism promotes treatment resistance in H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3317816. [PMID: 37790517 PMCID: PMC10543500 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3317816/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Diffuse midline gliomas (DMG), including diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs), are a fatal form of brain cancer. These tumors often carry a driver mutation on histone H3 converting lysine 27 to methionine (H3K27M). DMG-H3K27M are characterized by altered metabolism and resistance to standard of care radiation (RT), but how the H3K27M mediates the metabolic response to radiation and consequent treatment resistance is uncertain. Methods We performed metabolomics on irradiated and untreated H3K27M isogenic DMG cell lines and observed an H3K27M-specific enrichment for purine synthesis pathways. We profiled the expression of purine synthesis enzymes in publicly available patient data and in our models, quantified purine synthetic flux using stable isotope tracing, and characterized the in vitro and in vivo response to de novo and salvage purine synthesis inhibition in combination with RT. Results DMG-H3K27M cells activate purine metabolism in an H3K27M-specific fashion. In the absence of genotoxic treatment, H3K27M-expressing cells have higher relative activity of de novosynthesis and lower activity of purine salvage due to decreased expression of the purine salvage enzymes. Inhibition of de novo synthesis radiosensitized DMG-H3K27M cells in vitro and in vivo. Irradiated H3K27M cells adaptively upregulate purine salvage enzyme expression and pathway activity. Silencing the rate limiting enzyme in purine salvage, hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) when combined with radiation markedly suppressed DMG-H3K27M tumor growth in vivo. Conclusions H3K27M expressing cells rely on de novo purine synthesis but adaptively upregulate purine salvage in response to RT. Inhibiting purine salvage may help overcome treatment resistance in DMG-H3K27M tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caleb Heaslip
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences
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19
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Jane EP, Reslink MC, Gatesman TA, Halbert ME, Miller TA, Golbourn BJ, Casillo SM, Mullett SJ, Wendell SG, Obodo U, Mohanakrishnan D, Dange R, Michealraj A, Brenner C, Agnihotri S, Premkumar DR, Pollack IF. Targeting mitochondrial energetics reverses panobinostat- and marizomib-induced resistance in pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Mol Oncol 2023; 17:1821-1843. [PMID: 37014128 PMCID: PMC10483615 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In previous studies, we demonstrated that panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and bortezomib, a proteasomal inhibitor, displayed synergistic therapeutic activity against pediatric and adult high-grade gliomas. Despite the remarkable initial response to this combination, resistance emerged. Here, in this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of panobinostat and marizomib, a brain-penetrant proteasomal inhibitor, and the potential for exploitable vulnerabilities associated with acquired resistance. RNA sequencing followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was employed to compare the molecular signatures enriched in resistant compared with drug-naïve cells. The levels of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ content, hexokinase activity, and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites required for oxidative phosphorylation to meet their bioenergetic needs were analyzed. Here, we report that panobinostat and marizomib significantly depleted ATP and NAD+ content, increased mitochondrial permeability and reactive oxygen species generation, and promoted apoptosis in pediatric and adult glioma cell lines at initial treatment. However, resistant cells exhibited increased levels of TCA cycle metabolites, which required for oxidative phosphorylation to meet their bioenergetic needs. Therefore, we targeted glycolysis and the electron transport chain (ETC) with small molecule inhibitors, which displayed substantial efficacy, suggesting that resistant cell survival is dependent on glycolytic and ETC complexes. To verify these observations in vivo, lonidamine, an inhibitor of glycolysis and mitochondrial function, was chosen. We produced two diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) models, and lonidamine treatment significantly increased median survival in both models, with particularly dramatic effects in panobinostat- and marizomib-resistant cells. These data provide new insights into mechanisms of treatment resistance in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther P. Jane
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Matthew C. Reslink
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Taylor A. Gatesman
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Matthew E. Halbert
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Tracy A. Miller
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Brian J. Golbourn
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Stephanie M. Casillo
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Steven J. Mullett
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Stacy G. Wendell
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical BiologyUniversity of PittsburghPAUSA
| | - Udochukwu Obodo
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer MetabolismCity of Hope Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA
| | | | - Riya Dange
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Antony Michealraj
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
| | - Charles Brenner
- Department of Diabetes & Cancer MetabolismCity of Hope Medical CenterDuarteCAUSA
| | - Sameer Agnihotri
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Premkumar
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
| | - Ian F. Pollack
- Department of NeurosurgeryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePAUSA
- John G. Rangos Sr. Research CenterChildren's Hospital of PittsburghPAUSA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer CenterPittsburghPAUSA
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20
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Wadhwani N, Nayak S, Wang Y, Hashizume R, Jie C, Mania-Farnell B, James CD, Xi G, Tomita T. WDR82-Mediated H3K4me3 Is Associated with Tumor Proliferation and Therapeutic Efficacy in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3429. [PMID: 37444539 PMCID: PMC10340597 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) are common malignant brain tumors without effective treatment and poor patient survival. Abnormal posttranslational modification at the histone H3 tail plays critical roles in tumor cell malignancy. We have previously shown that the trimethylation of lysine 4 at histone H3 (H3K4me3) plays a significant role in pediatric ependymoma malignancy and is associated with tumor therapeutic sensitivity. Here, we show that H3K4me3 and its methyltransferase WDR82 are elevated in pHGGs. A reduction in H3K4me3 by downregulating WDR82 decreases H3K4me3 promoter occupancy and the expression of genes associated with stem cell features, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and DNA damage repair. A reduction in WDR82-mediated H3K4me3 increases the response of pediatric glioma cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that WDR82-mediated H3K4me3 is an important determinant of pediatric glioma malignancy and therapeutic response. This highlights the need for a more thorough understanding of the potential of WDR82 as an epigenetic target to increase therapeutic efficacy and improve the prognosis for children with malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Wadhwani
- Department of Pathology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sonali Nayak
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Yufen Wang
- Department of Radio-oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Rintaro Hashizume
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Chunfa Jie
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Des Moines University Medicine and Health Sciences, Des Moines, IA 50312, USA
| | - Barbara Mania-Farnell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USA
| | - Charles David James
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Guifa Xi
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Tadanori Tomita
- Division of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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21
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Diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: Insights into oncogenesis and opportunities for targeted therapy. PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY ONCOLOGY JOURNAL 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phoj.2023.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
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22
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Lovibond S, Gewirtz AN, Pasquini L, Krebs S, Graham MS. The promise of metabolic imaging in diffuse midline glioma. Neoplasia 2023; 39:100896. [PMID: 36944297 PMCID: PMC10036941 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent insights into histopathological and molecular subgroups of glioma have revolutionized the field of neuro-oncology by refining diagnostic categories. An emblematic example in pediatric neuro-oncology is the newly defined diffuse midline glioma (DMG), H3 K27-altered. DMG represents a rare tumor with a dismal prognosis. The diagnosis of DMG is largely based on clinical presentation and characteristic features on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), with biopsy limited by its delicate neuroanatomic location. Standard MRI remains limited in its ability to characterize tumor biology. Advanced MRI and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging offer additional value as they enable non-invasive evaluation of molecular and metabolic features of brain tumors. These techniques have been widely used for tumor detection, metabolic characterization and treatment response monitoring of brain tumors. However, their role in the realm of pediatric DMG is nascent. By summarizing DMG metabolic pathways in conjunction with their imaging surrogates, we aim to elucidate the untapped potential of such imaging techniques in this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Lovibond
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra N Gewirtz
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Simone Krebs
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Radiochemistry and Imaging Sciences Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maya S Graham
- Department of Neurology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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23
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Wang W, Zhang L, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Liu M, Ren J, Qu X. Selective Methionine Pool Exhaustion Mediated by a Sequential Positioned MOF Nanotransformer for Intense Cancer Immunotherapy. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2211866. [PMID: 37097776 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer cells are addictive to exogenous methionine to gear toward tumor proliferation. Meanwhile, they can replenish methionine pool from polyamine metabolism through a methionine salvage pathway. However, the current developed therapeutic tactics for methionine depletion are still facing great challenges in terms of the selectivity, safety, and efficiency. Herein, a sequential positioned metal-organic framework (MOF) nanotransformer is designed to selectively exhaust the methionine pool via inhibiting the uptake of methionine and throttling its salvage pathway for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. The MOF nanotransformer can restrain the open source and reduce the reflux of methionine to exhaust the methionine pool of cancer cells. Moreover, the intracellular traffic routes of the sequential positioned MOF nanotransformer match well with the distribution of polyamines, which is conducive to the oxidation of polyamines via its responsive deformability and nanozyme-augmented Fenton-like reaction for the final exhaustion of intracellular methionine. These results verify that the well-designed platform cannot only kill cancer cells efficiently but also promote the infiltration of CD8 and CD4 T cells for intensive cancer immunotherapy. Overall, it is believed that this work will inspire the construction of novel MOF-based antineoplastic platforms and provide new insights into the development of metabolic-related immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Zhenqi Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Jinsong Ren
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
| | - Xiaogang Qu
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, P. R. China
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100039, P. R. China
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24
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Park J, Chung C. Epigenetic and Metabolic Changes in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma. Brain Tumor Res Treat 2023; 11:86-93. [PMID: 37151150 PMCID: PMC10172016 DOI: 10.14791/btrt.2023.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse midline glioma (DMG), hitherto known as diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG), is a rare and aggressive form of brain cancer that primarily affects children. Although the exact cause of DMG/DIPG is not known, a large proportion of DMG/DIPG tumors harbor mutations in the gene encoding the histone H3 protein, specifically the H3K27M mutation. This mutation decreases the level of H3K27me3, a histone modification that plays a vital role in regulating gene expression through epigenetic regulation. The mutation also alters the function of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), thereby preventing the repression of genes associated with cancer development. The decrease in H3K27me3 caused by the histone H3 mutation is accompanied by an increase in the level of H3K27ac, a post-translational modification related to active transcription. Dysregulation of histone modification markedly affects gene expression, contributing to cancer development and progression by promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation, tumor growth, and metabolism. DMG/DIPG alters the metabolism of methionine and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, as well as glucose and glutamine uptake. The role of epigenetic and metabolic changes in the development of DMG/DIPG has been studied extensively, and understanding these changes is critical to developing therapies targeting these pathways. Studies are currently underway to identify new therapeutic targets for DMG/DIPG, which may lead to the development of effective treatments for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyoon Park
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
| | - Chan Chung
- Department of New Biology, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea
- New Biology Research Center (NBRC), Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu, Korea.
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25
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Dietary methionine starvation impairs acute myeloid leukemia progression. Blood 2022; 140:2037-2052. [PMID: 35984907 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting altered tumor cell metabolism might provide an attractive opportunity for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). An amino acid dropout screen on primary leukemic stem cells and progenitor populations revealed a number of amino acid dependencies, of which methionine was one of the strongest. By using various metabolite rescue experiments, nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite quantifications and 13C-tracing, polysomal profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing, we identified that methionine is used predominantly for protein translation and to provide methyl groups to histones via S-adenosylmethionine for epigenetic marking. H3K36me3 was consistently the most heavily impacted mark following loss of methionine. Methionine depletion also reduced total RNA levels, enhanced apoptosis, and induced a cell cycle block. Reactive oxygen species levels were not increased following methionine depletion, and replacement of methionine with glutathione or N-acetylcysteine could not rescue phenotypes, excluding a role for methionine in controlling redox balance control in AML. Although considered to be an essential amino acid, methionine can be recycled from homocysteine. We uncovered that this is primarily performed by the enzyme methionine synthase and only when methionine availability becomes limiting. In vivo, dietary methionine starvation was not only tolerated by mice, but also significantly delayed both cell line and patient-derived AML progression. Finally, we show that inhibition of the H3K36-specific methyltransferase SETD2 phenocopies much of the cytotoxic effects of methionine depletion, providing a more targeted therapeutic approach. In conclusion, we show that methionine depletion is a vulnerability in AML that can be exploited therapeutically, and we provide mechanistic insight into how cells metabolize and recycle methionine.
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26
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Wu Q, Gao ZJ, Yu X, Wang P. Dietary regulation in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:252. [PMID: 35871218 PMCID: PMC9308782 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01104-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutriments have been deemed to impact all physiopathologic processes. Recent evidences in molecular medicine and clinical trials have demonstrated that adequate nutrition treatments are the golden criterion for extending healthspan and delaying ageing in various species such as yeast, drosophila, rodent, primate and human. It emerges to develop the precision-nutrition therapeutics to slow age-related biological processes and treat diverse diseases. However, the nutritive advantages frequently diversify among individuals as well as organs and tissues, which brings challenges in this field. In this review, we summarize the different forms of dietary interventions extensively prescribed for healthspan improvement and disease treatment in pre-clinical or clinical. We discuss the nutrient-mediated mechanisms including metabolic regulators, nutritive metabolism pathways, epigenetic mechanisms and circadian clocks. Comparably, we describe diet-responsive effectors by which dietary interventions influence the endocrinic, immunological, microbial and neural states responsible for improving health and preventing multiple diseases in humans. Furthermore, we expatiate diverse patterns of dietotheroapies, including different fasting, calorie-restricted diet, ketogenic diet, high-fibre diet, plants-based diet, protein restriction diet or diet with specific reduction in amino acids or microelements, potentially affecting the health and morbid states. Altogether, we emphasize the profound nutritional therapy, and highlight the crosstalk among explored mechanisms and critical factors to develop individualized therapeutic approaches and predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Zhi-Jie Gao
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Ping Wang
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Li C, Gui G, Zhang L, Qin A, Zhou C, Zha X. Overview of Methionine Adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) as an Anticancer Target: Structure, Function, and Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:9531-9547. [PMID: 35796517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the methionine cycle that primarily catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) from methionine and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). MAT2A has been recognized as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancers. Recently, a few MAT2A inhibitors have been reported, and three entered clinical trials to treat solid tumorsor lymphoma with MTAP loss. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of the roles of MAT2A in cancer and the discovery of MAT2A inhibitors. Furthermore, a perspective on the use of MAT2A inhibitors for the treatment of cancer is also discussed. We hope to provide guidance for future drug design and optimization via analysis of the binding modes of known MAT2A inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunzheng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Gang Gui
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Anqi Qin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Xiaoming Zha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211198, China
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