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Zhu X, Fu Z, Dutchak K, Arabzadeh A, Milette S, Steinberger J, Morin G, Monast A, Pilon V, Kong T, Adams BN, Prando Munhoz E, Hosein HJB, Fang T, Su J, Xue Y, Rayes R, Sangwan V, Walsh LA, Chen G, Quail DF, Spicer JD, Park M, Dankort D, Huang S. Cotargeting CDK4/6 and BRD4 Promotes Senescence and Ferroptosis Sensitivity in Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:1333-1351. [PMID: 38277141 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-1749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors are approved for breast cancer treatment and show activity against other malignancies, including KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the clinical efficacy of CDK4/6 inhibitors is limited due to frequent drug resistance and their largely cytostatic effects. Through a genome-wide cDNA screen, we identified that bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) overexpression conferred resistance to the CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells. Inhibition of BRD4, either by RNA interference or small-molecule inhibitors, synergized with palbociclib to induce senescence in NSCLC cells and tumors, and the combination prolonged survival in a KRAS-mutant NSCLC mouse model. Mechanistically, BRD4-inhibition enhanced cell-cycle arrest and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, both of which are necessary for senescence induction; this in turn elevated GPX4, a peroxidase that suppresses ROS-triggered ferroptosis. Consequently, GPX4 inhibitor treatment selectively induced ferroptotic cell death in the senescent cancer cells, resulting in tumor regression. Cotargeting CDK4/6 and BRD4 also promoted senescence and ferroptosis vulnerability in pancreatic and breast cancer cells. Together, these findings reveal therapeutic vulnerabilities and effective combinations to enhance the clinical utility of CDK4/6 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE The combination of cytostatic CDK4/6 and BRD4 inhibitors induces senescent cancer cells that are primed for activation of ferroptotic cell death by targeting GPX4, providing an effective strategy for treating cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbing Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zheng Fu
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kendall Dutchak
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Azadeh Arabzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jutta Steinberger
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Morin
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anie Monast
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Virginie Pilon
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tim Kong
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Bianca N Adams
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erika Prando Munhoz
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hannah J B Hosein
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tianxu Fang
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jing Su
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yibo Xue
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Veena Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Guojun Chen
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - David Dankort
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sidong Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Rosalind & Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Sorin M, Prosty C, Ghaleb L, Nie K, Katergi K, Shahzad MH, Dubé LR, Atallah A, Swaby A, Dankner M, Crump T, Walsh LA, Fiset PO, Sepesi B, Forde PM, Cascone T, Provencio M, Spicer JD. Neoadjuvant Chemoimmunotherapy for NSCLC: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JAMA Oncol 2024:2816789. [PMID: 38512301 PMCID: PMC10958389 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2024.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Importance To date, no meta-analyses have comprehensively assessed the association of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with clinical outcomes in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in randomized and nonrandomized settings. In addition, there exists controversy concerning the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy for patients with NSCLC with programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) levels less than 1%. Objective To compare neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy with chemotherapy by adverse events and surgical, pathological, and efficacy outcomes using recently published randomized clinical trials and nonrandomized trials. Data Sources MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched from January 1, 2013, to October 25, 2023, for all clinical trials of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy and chemotherapy that included at least 10 patients. Study Selection Observational studies and trials reporting the use of neoadjuvant radiotherapy, including chemoradiotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, or immunotherapy monotherapy, were excluded. Main Outcomes and Measures Surgical, pathological, and efficacy end points and adverse events were pooled using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results Among 43 eligible trials comprising 5431 patients (4020 males [74.0%]; median age range, 55-70 years), there were 8 randomized clinical trials with 3387 patients. For randomized clinical trials, pooled overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.54-0.79; I2 = 0%), event-free survival (hazard ratio, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.52-0.67; I2 = 14.9%), major pathological response (risk ratio, 3.42; 95% CI, 2.83-4.15; I2 = 31.2%), and complete pathological response (risk ratio, 5.52; 95% CI, 4.25-7.15; I2 = 27.4%) favored neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy over neoadjuvant chemotherapy. For patients with baseline tumor PD-L1 levels less than 1%, there was a significant benefit in event-free survival for neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy compared with chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.62-0.89; I2 = 0%). Conclusion and Relevance This study found that neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy was superior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy across surgical, pathological, and efficacy outcomes. These findings suggest that patients with resectable NSCLC with tumor PD-L1 levels less than 1% may have an event-free survival benefit with neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Connor Prosty
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Louis Ghaleb
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kathy Nie
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Khaled Katergi
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Muhammad H. Shahzad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurie-Rose Dubé
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aline Atallah
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anikka Swaby
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Dankner
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Trafford Crump
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre O. Fiset
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Boris Sepesi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Patrick M. Forde
- Bloomberg-Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tina Cascone
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Department of Medical Oncology, Puerta de Hierro University Hospital, Autonomous University, Madrid, Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro–Segovia de Arana, Spain
| | - Jonathan D. Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
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Blackler G, Lai-Zhao Y, Klapak J, Philpott HT, Pitchers KK, Maher AR, Fiset B, Walsh LA, Gillies ER, Appleton CT. Targeting STAT6-mediated synovial macrophage activation improves pain in experimental knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2024; 26:73. [PMID: 38509602 PMCID: PMC10953260 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-024-03309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain from osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the top causes of disability worldwide, but effective treatment is lacking. Nociceptive factors are released by activated synovial macrophages in OA, but depletion of synovial macrophages paradoxically worsens inflammation and tissue damage in previous studies. Rather than depleting macrophages, we hypothesized that inhibiting macrophage activation may improve pain without increasing tissue damage. We aimed to identify key mechanisms mediating synovial macrophage activation and test the role of STAT signaling in macrophages on pain outcomes in experimental knee OA. METHODS We induced experimental knee OA in rats via knee destabilization surgery, and performed RNA sequencing analysis on sorted synovial tissue macrophages to identify macrophage activation mechanisms. Liposomes laden with STAT1 or STAT6 inhibitors, vehicle (control), or clodronate (depletion control) were delivered selectively to synovial macrophages via serial intra-articular injections up to 12 weeks after OA induction. Treatment effects on knee and hindpaw mechanical pain sensitivity were measured during OA development, along with synovitis, cartilage damage, and synovial macrophage infiltration using histopathology and immunofluorescence. Lastly, crosstalk between drug-treated synovial tissue and articular chondrocytes was assessed in co-culture. RESULTS The majority of pathways identified by transcriptomic analyses in OA synovial macrophages involve STAT signaling. As expected, macrophage depletion reduced pain, but increased synovial tissue fibrosis and vascularization. In contrast, STAT6 inhibition in macrophages led to marked, sustained improvements in mechanical pain sensitivity and synovial inflammation without worsening synovial or cartilage pathology. During co-culture, STAT6 inhibitor-treated synovial tissue had minimal effects on healthy chondrocyte gene expression, whereas STAT1 inhibitor-treated synovium induced changes in numerous cartilage turnover-related genes. CONCLUSION These results suggest that STAT signaling is a major mediator of synovial macrophage activation in experimental knee OA. STAT6 may be a key mechanism mediating the release of nociceptive factors from macrophages and the development of mechanical pain sensitivity. Whereas therapeutic depletion of macrophages paradoxically increases inflammation and fibrosis, blocking STAT6-mediated synovial macrophage activation may be a novel strategy for OA-pain management without accelerating tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garth Blackler
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Yue Lai-Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Joseph Klapak
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Holly T Philpott
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Kyle K Pitchers
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Andrew R Maher
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 1A3, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Elizabeth R Gillies
- Department of Chemistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada
| | - C Thomas Appleton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada.
- Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5B5, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON, N6A 5C1, Canada.
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Varrone M, Tavernari D, Santamaria-Martínez A, Walsh LA, Ciriello G. CellCharter reveals spatial cell niches associated with tissue remodeling and cell plasticity. Nat Genet 2024; 56:74-84. [PMID: 38066188 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-023-01588-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Tissues are organized in cellular niches, the composition and interactions of which can be investigated using spatial omics technologies. However, systematic analyses of tissue composition are challenged by the scale and diversity of the data. Here we present CellCharter, an algorithmic framework to identify, characterize, and compare cellular niches in spatially resolved datasets. CellCharter outperformed existing approaches and effectively identified cellular niches across datasets generated using different technologies, and comprising hundreds of samples and millions of cells. In multiple human lung cancer cohorts, CellCharter uncovered a cellular niche composed of tumor-associated neutrophil and cancer cells expressing markers of hypoxia and cell migration. This cancer cell state was spatially segregated from more proliferative tumor cell clusters and was associated with tumor-associated neutrophil infiltration and poor prognosis in independent patient cohorts. Overall, CellCharter enables systematic analyses across data types and technologies to decode the link between spatial tissue architectures and cell plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Varrone
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Tavernari
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Albert Santamaria-Martínez
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Swiss Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Giovanni Ciriello
- Department of Computational Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Cancer Center Léman, Lausanne, Switzerland.
- Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Visualization of the cellular heterogeneity and spatial architecture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is becoming increasingly important to understand mechanisms of disease progression and therapeutic response. This is particularly relevant in the era of cancer immunotherapy, in which the contexture of immune cell positioning within the tumor landscape has been proven to affect efficacy. Although single-cell technologies have mostly replaced conventional approaches to analyze specific cellular subsets within tumors, those that integrate a spatial dimension are now on the rise. In this Review, we assess the strengths and limitations of emerging spatial technologies with a focus on their applications in tumor immunology, as well as forthcoming opportunities for artificial intelligence (AI) and the value of integrating multiomics datasets to achieve a holistic picture of the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Surendran A, Jenner AL, Karimi E, Fiset B, Quail DF, Walsh LA, Craig M. Agent-Based Modelling Reveals the Role of the Tumor Microenvironment on the Short-Term Success of Combination Temozolomide/Immune Checkpoint Blockade to Treat Glioblastoma. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2023; 387:66-77. [PMID: 37442619 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.122.001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common and deadly primary brain tumor in adults. All glioblastoma patients receiving standard-of-care surgery-radiotherapy-chemotherapy (i.e., temozolomide (TMZ)) recur, with an average survival time of only 15 months. New approaches to the treatment of glioblastoma, including immune checkpoint blockade and oncolytic viruses, offer the possibility of improving glioblastoma outcomes and have as such been under intense study. Unfortunately, these treatment modalities have thus far failed to achieve approval. Recently, in an attempt to bolster efficacy and improve patient outcomes, regimens combining chemotherapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been tested in trials. Unfortunately, these efforts have not resulted in significant increases to patient survival. To better understand the various factors impacting treatment outcomes of combined TMZ and immune checkpoint blockade, we developed a systems-level, computational model that describes the interplay between glioblastoma, immune, and stromal cells with this combination treatment. Initializing our model to spatial resection patient samples labeled using imaging mass cytometry, our model's predictions show how the localization of glioblastoma cells, influence therapeutic success. We further validated these predictions in samples of brain metastases from patients given they generally respond better to checkpoint blockade compared with primary glioblastoma. Ultimately, our model provides novel insights into the mechanisms of therapeutic success of immune checkpoint inhibitors in brain tumors and delineates strategies to translate combination immunotherapy regimens more effectively into the clinic. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Extending survival times for glioblastoma patients remains a critical challenge. Although immunotherapies in combination with chemotherapy hold promise, clinical trials have not shown much success. Here, systems models calibrated to and validated against patient samples can improve preclinical and clinical studies by shedding light on the factors distinguishing responses/failures. By initializing our model with imaging mass cytometry visualization of patient samples, we elucidate how factors such as localization of glioblastoma cells and CD8+ T cell infiltration impact treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudeep Surendran
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Adrianne L Jenner
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Elham Karimi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
| | - Morgan Craig
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada (A.S., M.C.); Centre de recherches mathématiques, Montréal, Canada (A.S.); School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia (A.L.J.); Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (E.K., B.F., D.F.Q., L.A.W.); Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (D.F.Q.); Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada (L.A.W.); and Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montréal, Canada (M.C.)
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7
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Attalla SS, Boucher J, Proud H, Taifour T, Zuo D, Sanguin-Gendreau V, Ling C, Johnson G, Li V, Luo RB, Kuasne H, Papavasiliou V, Walsh LA, Barok M, Joensuu H, Park M, Roux PP, Muller WJ. HER2Δ16 Engages ENPP1 to Promote an Immune-Cold Microenvironment in Breast Cancer. Cancer Immunol Res 2023; 11:1184-1202. [PMID: 37311021 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-22-0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME) is a critical determinant of therapeutic response. However, the mechanisms regulating its modulation are not fully understood. HER2Δ16, an oncogenic splice variant of the HER2, has been implicated in breast cancer and other tumor types as a driver of tumorigenesis and metastasis. Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity remain poorly understood. Here, we show that HER2∆16 expression is not exclusive to the clinically HER2+ subtype and associates with a poor clinical outcome in breast cancer. To understand how HER2 variants modulated the tumor microenvironment, we generated transgenic mouse models expressing either proto-oncogenic HER2 or HER2Δ16 in the mammary epithelium. We found that HER2∆16 tumors were immune cold, characterized by low immune infiltrate and an altered cytokine profile. Using an epithelial cell surface proteomic approach, we identified ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1) as a functional regulator of the immune cold microenvironment. We generated a knock-in model of HER2Δ16 under the endogenous promoter to understand the role of Enpp1 in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer. Knockdown of Enpp1 in HER2Δ16-derived tumor cells resulted in decreased tumor growth, which correlated with increased T-cell infiltration. These findings suggest that HER2Δ16-dependent Enpp1 activation associates with aggressive HER2+ breast cancer through its immune modulatory function. Our study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying HER2Δ16-mediated oncogenicity and highlights ENPP1 as a potential therapeutic target in aggressive HER2+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif Samer Attalla
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jonathan Boucher
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hailey Proud
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Tarek Taifour
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Dongmei Zuo
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Virginie Sanguin-Gendreau
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Chen Ling
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Gabriella Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vincent Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Robin B Luo
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hellen Kuasne
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Vasilios Papavasiliou
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Barok
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Joensuu
- Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morag Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Philippe P Roux
- Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - William J Muller
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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8
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McDowell SA, Milette S, Doré S, Yu MW, Sorin M, Wilson L, Desharnais L, Cristea A, Varol O, Atallah A, Swaby A, Breton V, Arabzadeh A, Petrecca S, Loucif H, Bhagrath A, De Meo M, Lach KD, Issac MS, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Mandl JN, Fritz JH, Fiset PO, Holt PR, Dannenberg AJ, Spicer JD, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Obesity alters monocyte developmental trajectories to enhance metastasis. J Exp Med 2023; 220:e20220509. [PMID: 37166450 PMCID: PMC10182775 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by chronic systemic inflammation and enhances cancer metastasis and mortality. Obesity promotes breast cancer metastasis to lung in a neutrophil-dependent manner; however, the upstream regulatory mechanisms of this process remain unknown. Here, we show that obesity-induced monocytes underlie neutrophil activation and breast cancer lung metastasis. Using mass cytometry, obesity favors the expansion of myeloid lineages while restricting lymphoid cells within the peripheral blood. RNA sequencing and flow cytometry revealed that obesity-associated monocytes resemble professional antigen-presenting cells due to a shift in their development and exhibit enhanced MHCII expression and CXCL2 production. Monocyte induction of the CXCL2-CXCR2 axis underlies neutrophil activation and release of neutrophil extracellular traps to promote metastasis, and enhancement of this signaling axis is observed in lung metastases from obese cancer patients. Our findings provide mechanistic insight into the relationship between obesity and cancer by broadening our understanding of the interactive role that myeloid cells play in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheri A.C. McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Simon Milette
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Samuel Doré
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Yu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Liam Wilson
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alyssa Cristea
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Ozgun Varol
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aline Atallah
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anikka Swaby
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Valérie Breton
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Petrecca
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hamza Loucif
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Aanya Bhagrath
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Meghan De Meo
- Department of Experimental Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Katherine D. Lach
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Marianne S.M. Issac
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Roni F. Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | - Judith N. Mandl
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jörg H. Fritz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre on Complex Traits, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre O. Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter R. Holt
- Laboratory of Biochemical Genetics and Metabolism, Rockefeller University, New Nork, NY, USA
| | - Andrew J. Dannenberg
- Department of Medicine (retired), Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Daniela F. Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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9
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van Hooren L, Handgraaf SM, Kloosterman DJ, Karimi E, van Mil LWHG, Gassama AA, Solsona BG, de Groot MHP, Brandsma D, Quail DF, Walsh LA, Borst GR, Akkari L. CD103 + regulatory T cells underlie resistance to radio-immunotherapy and impair CD8 + T cell activation in glioblastoma. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:665-681. [PMID: 37081259 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00547-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas are aggressive primary brain tumors with an inherent resistance to T cell-centric immunotherapy due to their low mutational burden and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Here we report that fractionated radiotherapy of preclinical glioblastoma models induce a tenfold increase in T cell content. Orthogonally, spatial imaging mass cytometry shows T cell enrichment in human recurrent tumors compared with matched primary glioblastoma. In glioblastoma-bearing mice, α-PD-1 treatment applied at the peak of T cell infiltration post-radiotherapy results in a modest survival benefit compared with concurrent α-PD-1 administration. Following α-PD-1 therapy, CD103+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) with upregulated lipid metabolism accumulate in the tumor microenvironment, and restrain immune checkpoint blockade response by repressing CD8+ T cell activation. Treg targeting elicits tertiary lymphoid structure formation, enhances CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequency and function and unleashes radio-immunotherapeutic efficacy. These results support the rational design of therapeutic regimens limiting the induction of immunosuppressive feedback pathways in the context of T cell immunotherapy in glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk van Hooren
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Shanna M Handgraaf
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daan J Kloosterman
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elham Karimi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lotte W H G van Mil
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Awa A Gassama
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Beatriz Gomez Solsona
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marnix H P de Groot
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dieta Brandsma
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute-Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gerben R Borst
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health and Manchester Cancer Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Radiotherapy Related Research, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK.
| | - Leila Akkari
- Division of Tumor Biology and Immunology, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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10
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Maritan SM, Karimi E, Dankner M, Yu MW, Hernandez-Corchado A, Rezanejad M, Fallah P, Fiset B, Wei Y, Lam S, Nehme A, Watson IR, Park M, Riazalhosseini Y, Najafabadi H, Petrecca K, Guiot MC, Quail DF, Walsh LA, Siegel PM. Abstract 69: Minimally invasive brain metastases are characterized by elevated immune cell infiltrate. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Cancer metastasis to the brain is a common complication of advanced disease with limited therapeutic options. Inefficient treatment is influenced, in part, by the unique composition of the brain microenvironment. Brain metastases (BrM) grow in two distinct patterns, either as minimally invasive (MI) masses with well-defined borders, or as tumors with highly invasive (HI) growth into surrounding brain tissue. HI BrM are associated with poor prognoses compared to MI BrM; however, differences in the tumor immune microenvironments (TIME) between these two lesion types remain largely unknown. Here, we investigate how the TIME differs between HI and MI BrM.
Methods: We use Nanostring Digital Spatial Profiling coupled with the Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panel on 5 MI and 15 HI BrM patient samples (lung and breast cancer). This technique enables specific isolation of cancer cells at the tumor-brain interface and quantification of 1,825 cancer-specific RNA targets. Additionally, we perform imaging mass cytometry (IMC) on 119 BrM samples (lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, other) from 46 patients, encompassing over 350,000 cells. Samples represent BrM from various primary sites, and include patient-matched samples from the brain-tumor interface (‘margin’) or the centre of the metastatic lesion (‘core’).
Results: The Nanostring Digital Spatial Profiling revealed a list of 106 and 73 differentially expressed genes in MI vs HI breast and lung BrM, respectively. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed that an interferon gamma (IFNγ) pathway signature was enriched in MI BrM and lost in HI BrM, which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining for pSTAT1, consistent with an “immune hot” TIME in MI BrM when compared to HI lesions. Using IMC technology, we identified 20 different cell types, activation states, and spatially-defined cellular neighbourhoods across our BrM patient samples. In comparison to MI samples, HI BrM have lower numbers of B cells, CD4+ T cells, and CD4- CD8- T cells in both the core and margin samples, and lower numbers of CD8+ T cells and regulatory T cells in the margin samples only.
Discussion: These data suggest that HI BrM invade into an immunosuppressed microenvironment while MI BrM are characterized by an active anti-tumor immune infiltrate. Together, this work suggests potential immune regulation of BrM invasion, which warrants further investigation.
Citation Format: Sarah M. Maritan, Elham Karimi, Matthew Dankner, Miranda W. Yu, Aldo Hernandez-Corchado, Morteza Rezanejad, Parvaneh Fallah, Benoit Fiset, Yuhong Wei, Stephanie Lam, Ali Nehme, Ian R. Watson, Morag Park, Yasser Riazalhosseini, Hamed Najafabadi, Kevin Petrecca, Marie-Christine Guiot, Daniela F. Quail, Logan A. Walsh, Peter M. Siegel. Minimally invasive brain metastases are characterized by elevated immune cell infiltrate [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 69.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M. Maritan
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Karimi
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Matthew Dankner
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Miranda W. Yu
- 2Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Aldo Hernandez-Corchado
- 3Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Benoit Fiset
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuhong Wei
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Stephanie Lam
- 6Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ali Nehme
- 7McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ian R. Watson
- 2Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- 2Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- 3Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Hamed Najafabadi
- 3Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Kevin Petrecca
- 8Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Christine Guiot
- 9Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela F. Quail
- 2Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- 2Goodman Cancer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Peter M. Siegel
- 1Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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11
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Sorin M, Camilleri-Broët S, Pichette E, Lorange JP, Haghandish N, Dubé LR, Lametti A, Huynh C, Witkowski L, Zogopoulos G, Wang Y, Wang H, Spicer J, Walsh LA, Rayes R, Rouleau G, Spatz A, Corredor ALG, Fiset PO. Next-generation sequencing of non-small cell lung cancer at a Quebec health care cancer centre. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2023; 35:100696. [PMID: 36958133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2023.100696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in both men and women. Quebec has the highest lung cancer mortality out of all provinces in Canada, believed to be caused by higher smoking rates. Molecular testing for lung cancer is standard of care due to the discovery of actionable driver mutations that can be targeted with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. To date, no detailed molecular testing characterization of Quebec patients with lung cancer using next generation sequencing (NGS) has been performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to describe the genomic landscape of patients with lung cancer (n = 997) who underwent NGS molecular testing at a tertiary care center in Quebec and to correlate it with clinical and pathology variables. RESULTS Compared to 10 other NGS studies found through a structured search strategy, our cohort had a higher prevalence of KRAS mutations (39.2%) compared to most geographical locations. Additionally, we observed a significant positive association between decreasing age and a higher proportion of KRAS G12C mutations. CONCLUSION Overall, it remains important to assess institutional rates of actionable driver mutations to help guide governing bodies, fuel clinical trials and create benchmarks for expected rates as quality metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Emilie Pichette
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - André Lametti
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Caroline Huynh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Leora Witkowski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; Core Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Yifan Wang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Institute, McGill University, Canada
| | - Guy Rouleau
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Canada; Core Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Canada; McGill University Optilab Network, Canada
| | - Alan Spatz
- McGill University Optilab Network, Canada
| | - Andrea Liliam Gomez Corredor
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada; Core Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Canada; McGill University Optilab Network, Canada
| | - Pierre Olivier Fiset
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Glen Site, 1001 Boulevard Décarie, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
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12
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Sorin M, Karimi E, Rezanejad M, Yu MW, Desharnais L, McDowell SAC, Doré S, Arabzadeh A, Breton V, Fiset B, Wei Y, Rayes R, Orain M, Coulombe F, Manem VSK, Gagne A, Quail DF, Joubert P, Spicer JD, Walsh LA. Single-cell spatial landscape of immunotherapy response reveals mechanisms of CXCL13 enhanced antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-005545. [PMID: 36725085 PMCID: PMC9896310 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-005545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapy has revolutionized clinical outcomes for patients suffering from lung cancer, yet relatively few patients sustain long-term durable responses. Recent studies have demonstrated that the tumor immune microenvironment fosters tumorous heterogeneity and mediates both disease progression and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). As such, there is an unmet need to elucidate the spatially defined single-cell landscape of the lung cancer microenvironment to understand the mechanisms of disease progression and identify biomarkers of response to ICI. METHODS Here, in this study, we applied imaging mass cytometry to characterize the tumor and immunological landscape of immunotherapy response in non-small cell lung cancer by describing activated cell states, cellular interactions and neighborhoods associated with improved efficacy. We functionally validated our findings using preclinical mouse models of cancer treated with anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint blockade. RESULTS We resolved 114,524 single cells in 27 patients treated with ICI, enabling spatial resolution of immune lineages and activation states with distinct clinical outcomes. We demonstrated that CXCL13 expression is associated with ICI efficacy in patients, and that recombinant CXCL13 potentiates anti-PD-1 response in vivo in association with increased antigen experienced T cell subsets and reduced CCR2+ monocytes. DISCUSSION Our results provide a high-resolution molecular resource and illustrate the importance of major immune lineages as well as their functional substates in understanding the role of the tumor immune microenvironment in response to ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Elham Karimi
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morteza Rezanejad
- Department of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Miranda W Yu
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sheri A C McDowell
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Samuel Doré
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Azadeh Arabzadeh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valerie Breton
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yuhong Wei
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michele Orain
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francois Coulombe
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Venkata S K Manem
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andreanne Gagne
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada,Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Philippe Joubert
- Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Université Laval, Québec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada .,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Philpott HT, Birmingham TB, Fiset B, Walsh LA, Coleman MC, Séguin CA, Appleton CT. Tensile strain and altered synovial tissue metabolism in human knee osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17367. [PMID: 36253398 PMCID: PMC9576717 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-22459-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Synovium is critical for maintaining joint homeostasis and may contribute to mechanobiological responses during joint movement. We investigated mechanobiological responses of whole synovium from patients with late-stage knee osteoarthritis (OA). Synovium samples were collected during total knee arthroplasty and assigned to histopathology or cyclic 10% tensile strain loading, including (1) static (control); (2) low-frequency (0.3 Hz); and iii) high-frequency (1.0 Hz) for 30-min. After 6-h incubation, tissues were bisected for RNA isolation and immunostaining (3-nitrotyrosine; 3-NT). RNA sequencing was analyzed for differentially expressed genes and pathway enrichment. Cytokines and lactate were measured in conditioned media. Compared to controls, low-frequency strain induced enrichment of pathways related to interferon response, Fc-receptor signaling, and cell metabolism. High-frequency strain induced enrichment of pathways related to NOD-like receptor signaling, high metabolic demand, and redox signaling/stress. Metabolic and redox cell stress was confirmed by increased release of lactate into conditioned media and increased 3-NT formation in the synovial lining. Late-stage OA synovial tissue responses to tensile strain include frequency-dependent increases in inflammatory signaling, metabolism, and redox biology. Based on these findings, we speculate that some synovial mechanobiological responses to strain may be beneficial, but OA likely disturbs synovial homeostasis leading to aberrant responses to mechanical stimuli, which requires further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly T. Philpott
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B5 Canada
| | - Trevor B. Birmingham
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Faculty of Health Sciences, Western University, London, ON N6G 1H1 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B5 Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3 Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1A3 Canada ,grid.14709.3b0000 0004 1936 8649Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 0C7 Canada
| | - Mitchell C. Coleman
- grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA ,grid.214572.70000 0004 1936 8294Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Cheryle A. Séguin
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B5 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada
| | - C. Thomas Appleton
- grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Bone and Joint Institute, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B5 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada ,grid.39381.300000 0004 1936 8884Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1 Canada ,SJHC Rheumatology Centre, 268 Grosvenor St., London, ON N6A 4V2 Canada
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14
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Brochu V, Tamber GS, Rayes RF, Fiset B, Caglar D, Camilleri-Broët S, Tabah R, Walsh LA, Spicer JD, Fiset PO. High-Grade Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Within a Tracheal Polyp: A Case Report. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100169. [PMID: 34590020 PMCID: PMC8474438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Primary carcinomas of the trachea are rare, with a reported annual incidence of one in a million. We present a case of a previously undescribed polypoid high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma of the trachea. Resection of the carcinoma revealed only superficial invasion of the mucosa and without evidence of local or distant metastatic disease. Histologically, the tumor had high-grade features with necrosis and a high mitotic index. Methods Characterization of this rare neuroendocrine carcinoma of the trachea was performed by immunohistochemistry and whole-genome sequencing. Results Immunohistochemistry result was positive for neuroendocrine markers, p16 and an elevated Ki-67. Whole-genome sequencing of the lesion was performed and revealed a very unusual and very distinct mutational signature without relationship to other relevant neuroendocrine carcinomas. Neither known driver nor targetable mutations were found by whole-genome sequencing. Analysis of the sequence of numerous viral elements of human papillomavirus-18 suggests that the pathogenesis of the lesion is related to viral integration. The patient developed distal recurrence, which progressed to widespread pulmonary dissemination, presumably through aerogenous spread of disease. Conclusions This is the first characterization of this type of tracheal tumor, including genomic findings, pathogenesis, and natural history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Brochu
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gurdip Singh Tamber
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roni F Rayes
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Benoit Fiset
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Derin Caglar
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sophie Camilleri-Broët
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Roger Tabah
- Department of General Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pierre Olivier Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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15
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Huynh C, Sorin M, Rayes R, Fiset PO, Walsh LA, Spicer JD. Pathological complete response as a surrogate endpoint after neoadjuvant therapy for lung cancer. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:1056-1058. [PMID: 34339641 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(21)00405-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Huynh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Mark Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada
| | - Roni Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre O Fiset
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada.
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, H3A 1A3 QC, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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16
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Desharnais L, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Exploiting the obesity-associated immune microenvironment for cancer therapeutics. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 229:107923. [PMID: 34171329 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity causes chronic low-grade inflammation and leads to changes in the immune landscape of multiple organ systems. Given the link between chronic inflammatory conditions and cancer, it is not surprising that obesity is associated with increased risk and worse outcomes in many malignancies. Paradoxically, recent epidemiological studies have shown that high BMI is associated with increased efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), and a causal relationship has been demonstrated in the preclinical setting. It has been proposed that obesity-associated immune dysregulation underlies this observation by inadvertently creating a favourable microenvironment for increased ICI efficacy. The recent success of ICIs in obese cancer patients raises the possibility that additional immune-targeted therapies may hold therapeutic value in this context. Here we review how obesity affects the immunological composition of the tumor microenvironment in ways that can be exploited for cancer immunotherapies. We discuss existing literature supporting a beneficial role for obesity during ICI therapy in cancer patients, potential opportunities for targeting the innate immune system to mitigate chronic inflammatory processes, and how to pinpoint obese patients who are most likely to benefit from immune interventions without relying solely on body mass index. Given that the incidence of obesity is expanding on an international scale, we propose that understanding obesity-associated inflammation is necessary to reduce cancer mortalities and capitalize on novel therapeutic opportunities in the era of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lysanne Desharnais
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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17
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McDowell SAC, Luo RBE, Arabzadeh A, Doré S, Bennett NC, Breton V, Karimi E, Rezanejad M, Yang RR, Lach KD, Issac MSM, Samborska B, Perus LJM, Moldoveanu D, Wei Y, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Watson IR, Kazak L, Guiot MC, Fiset PO, Spicer JD, Dannenberg AJ, Walsh LA, Quail DF. Neutrophil oxidative stress mediates obesity-associated vascular dysfunction and metastatic transmigration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2:545-562. [DOI: 10.1038/s43018-021-00194-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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18
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Lach KD, Sorin M, Huynh C, Alirezaie NS, Fiore A, Fiset B, Rayes RF, Camilleri-Broet S, Fraser R, Majewski J, Spicer JD, Walsh LA, Fiset PO. Combined small-cell lung carcinoma revealed to be an intratumoural metastasis by genetic analysis. Ann Oncol 2021; 32:679-681. [PMID: 33577994 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K D Lach
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - M Sorin
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - C Huynh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - N S Alirezaie
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Génome Québec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - A Fiore
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - B Fiset
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - R F Rayes
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - R Fraser
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - J Majewski
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Génome Québec Innovation Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - J D Spicer
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - L A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
| | - P O Fiset
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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19
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Abstract
Surgery is the standard of care for patients with operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, as a single modality, surgery for early stage or locally advanced NSCLC remains associated with high rates of local and distant recurrence. The addition of neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy has modestly improved outcomes. While systemic therapy paired with surgery for other malignancies such as breast cancer have resulted in far better outcomes for equivalent stage designations, outcome improvements for operable NSCLC have lagged in part as a result of trials where adjuvant chemotherapy seemed to incur harm for stage IA patients and only modest survival benefit for stage IB–IIIA patients (AJCC 7th ed.). In recent years, immunotherapy for NSCLC has emerged as a systemic therapy with significant benefit over traditional chemotherapy regimens. These advances with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have opened the door to administering peri-operative immunotherapy for operable NSCLC. As a result, a great multitude of studies investigating the use of immunotherapy in combination with surgery for NSCLC as well as several other malignancies have emerged. In this review, we outline the rationale for neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the treatment of operable NSCLC and summarize the available evidence that include preoperative ICI as a single modality or in combination with systemic agents and/or radiotherapy. Further, we summarize how such treatment trajectories open multiple unique windows of opportunity for scientific discovery and potential therapeutic gains for these vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Huynh
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada.,Division of Thoracic and Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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20
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Abstract
Brain tumors are among the deadliest malignancies. The brain tumor microenvironment (TME) hosts a unique collection of cells, soluble factors, and extracellular matrix components that regulate disease evolution of both primary and metastatic brain malignancies. It is established that macrophages and other myeloid cells are abundant in the brain TME and strongly correlate with aggressive phenotypes and distinct genetic signatures, while lymphoid cells are less frequent but are now known to have a pronounced effect on disease progression. Different types of brain tumors vary widely in their microenvironmental contexture, and the proportion of various stromal components impacts tumor biology. Indeed, emerging evidence suggests an intimate link between the molecular signature of tumor cells and the composition of the TME, shedding light on the mechanisms which underlie microenvironmental heterogeneity in brain cancer. In this review, we discuss the association between TME composition and the diverse molecular profiles of primary gliomas and brain metastases. We also discuss the implications of these associations on the efficacy of immunotherapy in brain malignancies. An appreciation for the causes and functional consequences of microenvironmental heterogeneity in brain cancer will be of crucial importance to the rational design of microenvironment-targeted therapies for these deadly diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas J M Perus
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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21
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Milette S, Fiset PO, Walsh LA, Spicer JD, Quail DF. The innate immune architecture of lung tumors and its implication in disease progression. J Pathol 2019; 247:589-605. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Milette
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Pierre O Fiset
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
| | - Jonathan D Spicer
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of SurgeryMcGill University Health Center Montreal Canada
| | - Daniela F Quail
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Research CentreMcGill University Montreal Canada
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of MedicineMcGill University Montreal Canada
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22
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Tabariès S, McNulty A, Ouellet V, Annis MG, Dessureault M, Vinette M, Hachem Y, Lavoie B, Omeroglu A, Simon HG, Walsh LA, Kimbung S, Hedenfalk I, Siegel PM. Afadin cooperates with Claudin-2 to promote breast cancer metastasis. Genes Dev 2019; 33:180-193. [PMID: 30692208 PMCID: PMC6362814 DOI: 10.1101/gad.319194.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tabariès et al. show that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by enabling seeding and early cancer cell survival. We now demonstrate that the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 is necessary for anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells and is required for liver metastasis. Several PDZ domain-containing proteins were identified that interact with the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 in liver metastatic breast cancer cells, including Afadin, Arhgap21, Pdlim2, Pdlim7, Rims2, Scrib, and ZO-1. We specifically examined the role of Afadin as a potential Claudin-2-interacting partner that promotes breast cancer liver metastasis. Afadin associates with Claudin-2, an interaction that requires the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2. Loss of Afadin also impairs the ability of breast cancer cells to form colonies in soft agar and metastasize to the lungs or liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of Claudin-2 and/or Afadin expression in 206 metastatic breast cancer tumors revealed that high levels of both Claudin-2 and Afadin in primary tumors were associated with poor disease-specific survival, relapse-free survival, lung-specific relapse, and liver-specific relapse. Our findings indicate that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Moreover, combining Claudin-2 and Afadin as prognostic markers better predicts the potential of breast cancer to metastasize to soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexander McNulty
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Véronique Ouellet
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mireille Dessureault
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maude Vinette
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yasmina Hachem
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Brennan Lavoie
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hans-Georg Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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23
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Walsh LA, Alvarez MJ, Sabio EY, Reyngold M, Makarov V, Mukherjee S, Lee KW, Desrichard A, Turcan Ş, Dalin MG, Rajasekhar VK, Chen S, Vahdat LT, Califano A, Chan TA. An Integrated Systems Biology Approach Identifies TRIM25 as a Key Determinant of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1623-1640. [PMID: 28813674 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
At the root of most fatal malignancies are aberrantly activated transcriptional networks that drive metastatic dissemination. Although individual metastasis-associated genes have been described, the complex regulatory networks presiding over the initiation and maintenance of metastatic tumors are still poorly understood. There is untapped value in identifying therapeutic targets that broadly govern coordinated transcriptional modules dictating metastatic progression. Here, we reverse engineered and interrogated a breast cancer-specific transcriptional interaction network (interactome) to define transcriptional control structures causally responsible for regulating genetic programs underlying breast cancer metastasis in individual patients. Our analyses confirmed established pro-metastatic transcription factors, and they uncovered TRIM25 as a key regulator of metastasis-related transcriptional programs. Further, in vivo analyses established TRIM25 as a potent regulator of metastatic disease and poor survival outcome. Our findings suggest that identifying and targeting keystone proteins, like TRIM25, can effectively collapse transcriptional hierarchies necessary for metastasis formation, thus representing an innovative cancer intervention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mariano J Alvarez
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; DarwinHealth, Inc., New York, NY, USA
| | - Erich Y Sabio
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marsha Reyngold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ken-Wing Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Şevin Turcan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin G Dalin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Shuibing Chen
- Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Linda T Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Califano
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Cellular and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA; Immunogenomics and Precision Oncology Platform, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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24
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Roy DM, Walsh LA, Desrichard A, Huse JT, Wu W, Gao J, Bose P, Lee W, Chan TA. Integrated Genomics for Pinpointing Survival Loci within Arm-Level Somatic Copy Number Alterations. Cancer Cell 2016; 29:737-750. [PMID: 27165745 PMCID: PMC4864611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The identification of driver loci underlying arm-level somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) in cancer has remained challenging and incomplete. Here, we assess the relative impact and present a detailed landscape of arm-level SCNAs in 10,985 patient samples across 33 cancer types from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Furthermore, using chromosome 9p loss in lower grade glioma (LGG) as a model, we employ a unique multi-tiered genomic dissection strategy using 540 patients from three independent LGG datasets to identify genetic loci that govern tumor aggressiveness and poor survival. This comprehensive approach uncovered several 9p loss-specific prognostic markers, validated existing ones, and redefined the impact of CDKN2A loss in LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Roy
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason T Huse
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Wei Wu
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - JianJiong Gao
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Promita Bose
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - William Lee
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Brain Tumor Center, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Cellular and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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25
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Dalin MG, Desrichard A, Katabi N, Makarov V, Walsh LA, Lee KW, Wang Q, Armenia J, West L, Dogan S, Wang L, Ramaswami D, Ho AL, Ganly I, Solit DB, Berger MF, Schultz ND, Reis-Filho JS, Chan TA, Morris LGT. Comprehensive Molecular Characterization of Salivary Duct Carcinoma Reveals Actionable Targets and Similarity to Apocrine Breast Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4623-33. [PMID: 27103403 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Salivary duct carcinoma (SDC) is an aggressive salivary malignancy, which is resistant to chemotherapy and has high mortality rates. We investigated the molecular landscape of SDC, focusing on genetic alterations and gene expression profiles. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We performed whole-exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and immunohistochemical analyses in 16 SDC tumors and examined selected alterations via targeted sequencing of 410 genes in a second cohort of 15 SDCs. RESULTS SDCs harbored a higher mutational burden than many other salivary carcinomas (1.7 mutations/Mb). The most frequent genetic alterations were mutations in TP53 (55%), HRAS (23%), PIK3CA (23%), and amplification of ERBB2 (35%). Most (74%) tumors had alterations in either MAPK (BRAF/HRAS/NF1) genes or ERBB2 Potentially targetable alterations based on supportive clinical evidence were present in 61% of tumors. Androgen receptor (AR) was overexpressed in 75%; several potential resistance mechanisms to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) were identified, including the AR-V7 splice variant (present in 50%, often at low ratios compared with full-length AR) and FOXA1 mutations (10%). Consensus clustering and pathway analyses in transcriptome data revealed striking similarities between SDC and molecular apocrine breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS This study illuminates the landscape of genetic alterations and gene expression programs in SDC, identifying numerous molecular targets and potential determinants of response to AR antagonism. This has relevance for emerging clinical studies of ADT and other targeted therapies in SDC. The similarities between SDC and apocrine breast cancer indicate that clinical data in breast cancer may generate useful hypotheses for SDC. Clin Cancer Res; 22(18); 4623-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin G Dalin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nora Katabi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ken-Wing Lee
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Qingguo Wang
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joshua Armenia
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lyndsay West
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Snjezana Dogan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Deepa Ramaswami
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Alan L Ho
- Head and Neck Medical Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ian Ganly
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David B Solit
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Genitourinary Oncology Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Michael F Berger
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus D Schultz
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Luc G T Morris
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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26
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Snyder A, Makarov V, Merghoub T, Yuan J, Zaretsky JM, Desrichard A, Walsh LA, Postow MA, Wong P, Ho TS, Hollmann TJ, Bruggeman C, Kannan K, Li Y, Elipenahli C, Liu C, Harbison CT, Wang L, Ribas A, Wolchok JD, Chan TA. Genetic basis for clinical response to CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma. N Engl J Med 2014; 371:2189-2199. [PMID: 25409260 PMCID: PMC4315319 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa1406498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3164] [Impact Index Per Article: 316.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors are effective cancer treatments, but molecular determinants of clinical benefit are unknown. Ipilimumab and tremelimumab are antibodies against cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Anti-CTLA-4 treatment prolongs overall survival in patients with melanoma. CTLA-4 blockade activates T cells and enables them to destroy tumor cells. METHODS We obtained tumor tissue from patients with melanoma who were treated with ipilimumab or tremelimumab. Whole-exome sequencing was performed on tumors and matched blood samples. Somatic mutations and candidate neoantigens generated from these mutations were characterized. Neoantigen peptides were tested for the ability to activate lymphocytes from ipilimumab-treated patients. RESULTS Malignant melanoma exomes from 64 patients treated with CTLA-4 blockade were characterized with the use of massively parallel sequencing. A discovery set consisted of 11 patients who derived a long-term clinical benefit and 14 patients who derived a minimal benefit or no benefit. Mutational load was associated with the degree of clinical benefit (P=0.01) but alone was not sufficient to predict benefit. Using genomewide somatic neoepitope analysis and patient-specific HLA typing, we identified candidate tumor neoantigens for each patient. We elucidated a neoantigen landscape that is specifically present in tumors with a strong response to CTLA-4 blockade. We validated this signature in a second set of 39 patients with melanoma who were treated with anti-CTLA-4 antibodies. Predicted neoantigens activated T cells from the patients treated with ipilimumab. CONCLUSIONS These findings define a genetic basis for benefit from CTLA-4 blockade in melanoma and provide a rationale for examining exomes of patients for whom anti-CTLA-4 agents are being considered. (Funded by the Frederick Adler Fund and others.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Snyder
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Vladimir Makarov
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Jianda Yuan
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Jesse M Zaretsky
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Alexis Desrichard
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Michael A Postow
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Phillip Wong
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Teresa S Ho
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Travis J Hollmann
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Cameron Bruggeman
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Yanyun Li
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Ceyhan Elipenahli
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Cailian Liu
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Christopher T Harbison
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Lisu Wang
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Antoni Ribas
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Jedd D Wolchok
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
| | - Timothy A Chan
- Department of Medicine (A.S., T.M., M.A.P., J.D.W.), Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program (A.S., V.M., A.D., L.A.W., K.K., T.A.C.), Swim across America-Ludwig Collaborative Research Laboratory (T.M., Y.L., C.E., C.L., J.D.W.), Department of Radiation Oncology (T.A.C.), Department of Pathology (T.J.H.), and Immunology Program, Ludwig Center for Cancer Immunotherapy (J.Y., P.W., T.S.H., J.D.W.), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center; Weill Cornell Medical College (A.S., M.A.P., J.D.W., T.A.C.); and Department of Mathematics, Columbia University (C.B.) - all in New York; the Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology (J.M.Z., A.R.) and the Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center (A.R.), University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles; and Bristol-Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ (C.T.H., L.W.)
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Reyngold M, Turcan S, Giri D, Kannan K, Walsh LA, Viale A, Drobnjak M, Vahdat LT, Lee W, Chan TA. Remodeling of the methylation landscape in breast cancer metastasis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103896. [PMID: 25083786 PMCID: PMC4118917 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of breast cancer metastasis is accompanied by dynamic transcriptome changes and dramatic alterations in nuclear and chromatin structure. The basis of these changes is incompletely understood. The DNA methylome of primary breast cancers contribute to transcriptomic heterogeneity and different metastatic behavior. Therefore we sought to characterize methylome remodeling during regional metastasis. We profiled the DNA methylome and transcriptome of 44 matched primary breast tumors and regional metastases. Striking subtype-specific patterns of metastasis-associated methylome remodeling were observed, which reflected the molecular heterogeneity of breast cancers. These divergent changes occurred primarily in CpG island (CGI)-poor areas. Regions of methylome reorganization shared by the subtypes were also observed, and we were able to identify a metastasis-specific methylation signature that was present across the breast cancer subclasses. These alterations also occurred outside of CGIs and promoters, including sequences flanking CGIs and intergenic sequences. Integrated analysis of methylation and gene expression identified genes whose expression correlated with metastasis-specific methylation. Together, these findings significantly enhance our understanding of the epigenetic reorganization that occurs during regional breast cancer metastasis across the major breast cancer subtypes and reveal the nature of methylome remodeling during this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marsha Reyngold
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sevin Turcan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Dilip Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kasthuri Kannan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Agnes Viale
- Genomics Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Marija Drobnjak
- Pathology Core, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Linda T. Vahdat
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - William Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Timothy A. Chan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Roy DM, Walsh LA. Candidate prognostic markers in breast cancer: focus on extracellular proteases and their inhibitors. Breast Cancer (Dove Med Press) 2014; 6:81-91. [PMID: 25114586 PMCID: PMC4090043 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s46020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the complex network of proteins that surrounds cells in multicellular organisms. Due to its diverse nature and composition, the ECM has a multifaceted role in both normal tissue homeostasis and pathophysiology. It provides structural support, segregates tissues from one another, and regulates intercellular communication. Furthermore, the ECM sequesters a wide range of growth factors and cytokines that may be released upon specific and well-coordinated cues. Regulation of the ECM is performed by the extracellular proteases, which are tasked with cleaving and remodeling this intricate and diverse protein matrix. Accordingly, extracellular proteases are differentially expressed in various tissue types and in many diseases such as cancer. In fact, metastatic dissemination of tumor cells requires degradation of extracellular matrices by several families of proteases, including metalloproteinases and serine proteases, among others. Extracellular proteases are emerging as strong candidate cancer biomarkers for aiding and predicting patient outcome. Not surprisingly, inhibition of these protumorigenic enzymes in animal models of metastasis has shown impressive therapeutic effects. As such, many of these proteolytic inhibitors are currently in various phases of clinical investigation. In addition to direct approaches, aberrant expression of extracellular proteases in disease states may also facilitate the selective delivery of other therapeutic or imaging agents. Herein, we outline extracellular proteases that are either bona fide or probable prognostic markers in breast cancer. Furthermore, using existing patient data and multiple robust statistical analyses, we highlight several extracellular proteases and associated inhibitors (eg, uPA, ADAMs, MMPs, TIMPs, RECK) that hold the greatest potential as clinical biomarkers. With the recent advances in high-throughput technology and targeted therapies, the incorporation of extracellular protease status in breast cancer patient management may have a profound effect on improving outcomes in this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Roy
- Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Walsh LA, Roy DM, Reyngold M, Giri D, Snyder A, Turcan S, Badwe CR, Lyman J, Bromberg J, King TA, Chan TA. RECK controls breast cancer metastasis by modulating a convergent, STAT3-dependent neoangiogenic switch. Oncogene 2014; 34:2189-203. [PMID: 24931164 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related death in oncology patients. A comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms that cancer cells usurp to promote metastatic dissemination is critical for the development and implementation of novel diagnostic and treatment strategies. Here we show that the membrane protein RECK (Reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with kazal motifs) controls breast cancer metastasis by modulating a novel, non-canonical and convergent signal transducer and activator of transcription factor 3 (STAT3)-dependent angiogenic program. Neoangiogenesis and STAT3 hyperactivation are known to be fundamentally important for metastasis, but the root molecular initiators of these phenotypes are poorly understood. Our study identifies loss of RECK as a critical and previously unknown trigger for these hallmarks of metastasis. Using multiple xenograft mouse models, we comprehensively show that RECK inhibits metastasis, concomitant with a suppression of neoangiogenesis at secondary sites, while leaving primary tumor growth unaffected. Further, with functional genomics and biochemical dissection we demonstrate that RECK controls this angiogenic rheostat through a novel complex with cell surface receptors to regulate STAT3 activation, cytokine signaling, and the induction of both vascular endothelial growth factor and urokinase plasminogen activator. In accordance with these findings, inhibition of STAT3 can rescue this phenotype both in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our study uncovers, for the first time, that RECK is a novel regulator of multiple well-established and robust mediators of metastasis; thus, RECK is a keystone protein that may be exploited in a clinical setting to target metastatic disease from multiple angles.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D M Roy
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Weill Cornell Rockefeller/Sloan-Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Reyngold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - D Giri
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Snyder
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Turcan
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - C R Badwe
- Weill Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Lyman
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - T A Chan
- 1] Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA [2] Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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30
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Quail DF, Zhang G, Walsh LA, Siegers GM, Dieters-Castator DZ, Findlay SD, Broughton H, Putman DM, Hess DA, Postovit LM. Embryonic morphogen nodal promotes breast cancer growth and progression. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48237. [PMID: 23144858 PMCID: PMC3492336 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancers expressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-associated genes are more likely to progress than well-differentiated cancers and are thus associated with poor patient prognosis. Elevated proliferation and evasion of growth control are similarly associated with disease progression, and are classical hallmarks of cancer. In the current study we demonstrate that the hESC-associated factor Nodal promotes breast cancer growth. Specifically, we show that Nodal is elevated in aggressive MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468 and Hs578t human breast cancer cell lines, compared to poorly aggressive MCF-7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. Nodal knockdown in aggressive breast cancer cells via shRNA reduces tumour incidence and significantly blunts tumour growth at primary sites. In vitro, using Trypan Blue exclusion assays, Western blot analysis of phosphorylated histone H3 and cleaved caspase-9, and real time RT-PCR analysis of BAX and BCL2 gene expression, we demonstrate that Nodal promotes expansion of breast cancer cells, likely via a combinatorial mechanism involving increased proliferation and decreased apopotosis. In an experimental model of metastasis using beta-glucuronidase (GUSB)-deficient NOD/SCID/mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPSVII) mice, we show that although Nodal is not required for the formation of small (<100 cells) micrometastases at secondary sites, it supports an elevated proliferation:apoptosis ratio (Ki67:TUNEL) in micrometastatic lesions. Indeed, at longer time points (8 weeks), we determined that Nodal is necessary for the subsequent development of macrometastatic lesions. Our findings demonstrate that Nodal supports tumour growth at primary and secondary sites by increasing the ratio of proliferation:apoptosis in breast cancer cells. As Nodal expression is relatively limited to embryonic systems and cancer, this study establishes Nodal as a potential tumour-specific target for the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F. Quail
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Guihua Zhang
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Logan A. Walsh
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Gabrielle M. Siegers
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Scott D. Findlay
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Heather Broughton
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David M. Putman
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A. Hess
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Robarts Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Quail DF, Walsh LA, Zhang G, Findlay SD, Moreno J, Fung L, Ablack A, Lewis JD, Done SJ, Hess DA, Postovit LM. Embryonic protein nodal promotes breast cancer vascularization. Cancer Res 2012; 72:3851-63. [PMID: 22855743 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-3951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumor vascularization is requisite for breast cancer progression, and high microvascular density in tumors is a poor prognostic indicator. Patients bearing breast cancers expressing human embryonic stem cell (hESC)-associated genes similarly exhibit high mortality rates, and the expression of embryonic proteins is associated with tumor progression. Here, we show that Nodal, a hESC-associated protein, promotes breast cancer vascularization. We show that high levels of Nodal are positively correlated with high vascular densities in human breast lesions (P = 0.0078). In vitro, we show that Nodal facilitates breast cancer-induced endothelial cell migration and tube formation, largely by upregulating the expression and secretion of proangiogenic factors by breast cancer cells. Using a directed in vivo angiogenesis assay and a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay, we show that Nodal promotes vascular recruitment in vivo. In a clinically relevant in vivo model, whereby Nodal expression was inhibited following tumor formation, we found a significant reduction in tumor vascularization concomitant with elevated hypoxia and tumor necrosis. These findings establish Nodal as a potential target for the treatment of breast cancer angiogenesis and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Quail
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Nieuwesteeg MA, Walsh LA, Fox MA, Damjanovski S. Domain specific overexpression of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 reveals MMP-independent functions of TIMPs during Xenopus laevis development. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:585-95. [PMID: 22574808 DOI: 10.1139/o2012-014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix remodelling mediates many processes including cell migration and differentiation and is regulated through the enzymatic action of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). TIMPs are secreted proteins, consisting of structurally and functionally distinct N- and C-terminal domains. TIMP N-terminal domains inhibit MMP activity, whereas their C-terminal domains may have cell signalling activity. The in vivo role of TIMP N- and C-terminal domains in regulating developmental events has not previously been demonstrated. Here we investigated the roles of TIMP-2 and TIMP-3 N- and C-terminal domains in Xenopus laevis embryos. We show that overexpression of TIMP-2 N- and C-terminal domains results in severe developmental defects and death, as well as unique changes in MMP-2 and -9 expression, indicating that the individual domains may regulate MMPs through distinct mechanisms. In contrast, we show that only the N-terminal, but not the C-terminal domain of TIMP-3, results in developmental defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nieuwesteeg
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON N6A 5B7, Canada
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33
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Walsh LA, Cepeda MA, Damjanovski S. Analysis of the MMP-dependent and independent functions of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 on the invasiveness of breast cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal 2012; 6:87-95. [PMID: 22227894 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-011-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are secreted endopeptidases that play an essential role in remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMPs are primarily active during development, when the majority of ECM remodeling events occurs. In adults, elevated MMP activity has been observed in many pathological conditions such as cancer and osteoarthritis. The proteolytic activity of MMPs is controlled by their natural inhibitors - the tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). In addition to blocking MMP-mediated proteolysis, TIMPs have a number of MMP-independent functions including binding to cell surface proteins thereby stimulating signaling cascades. TIMP-2, the most studied member of the family, can both inhibit and activate MMPs directly, as well as inhibit MMP activity indirectly by upregulating expression of RECK, a membrane anchored MMP regulator. While TIMP-2 has been shown to play important roles in breast cancer, we describe how the MMP-independent effects of TIMP-2 can modulate the invasiveness of MCF-7, T47D and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Using an ALA + TIMP-2 mutant which is devoid of MMP inhibition, but still capable of initiating specific cell signaling cascades, we show that TIMP-2 can differentially affect MMP activity and cellular invasiveness in both an MMP dependent and independent manner. More specifically, MMP activity and invasiveness is increased with the addition of exogenous TIMP-2 in poorly invasive cell lines whereas it is decreased in highly invasive cells lines (MDA-MB-231). Conversely, the addition of ALA + TIMP-2 resulted in decreased invasiveness regardless of cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, ON, N6A5B7, Canada,
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Quail DF, Taylor MJ, Walsh LA, Dieters-Castator D, Das P, Jewer M, Zhang G, Postovit LM. Low oxygen levels induce the expression of the embryonic morphogen Nodal. Mol Biol Cell 2011; 22:4809-21. [PMID: 22031289 PMCID: PMC3237624 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e11-03-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Low oxygen (O(2)) levels characterize the microenvironment of both stem cells and rapidly growing tumors. Moreover, hypoxia is associated with the maintenance of stem cell-like phenotypes and increased invasion, angiogenesis and metastasis in cancer patients. Metastatic cancers, such as breast cancer and melanoma, aberrantly express the embryonic morphogen Nodal, and the presence of this protein is correlated with metastatic disease. In this paper, we demonstrate that hypoxia induces Nodal expression in melanoma and breast cancer cells concomitant with increased cellular invasion and angiogenic phenotypes. Of note, Nodal expression remains up-regulated up to 48 h following reoxygenation. The oxygen-mediated regulation of Nodal expression occurs via a combinatorial mechanism. Within the first 24 h of exposure to low O(2), there is an increase in protein stability. This increase in stability is accompanied by an induction of transcription, mediated by the HIF-1α-dependent activation of Notch-responsive elements in the node-specific enhancer of the Nodal gene locus. Finally, Nodal expression is maintained upon reoxygenation by a canonical SMAD-dependent feed-forward mechanism. This work provides insight into the O(2)-mediated regulation of Nodal, a key stem cell-associated factor, and reveals that Nodal may be a target for the treatment and prevention of hypoxia-induced tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela F Quail
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario N6A 5C1, Canada
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Walsh LA, Damjanovski S. IGF-1 increases invasive potential of MCF 7 breast cancer cells and induces activation of latent TGF-β1 resulting in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. Cell Commun Signal 2011; 9:10. [PMID: 21535875 PMCID: PMC3104381 DOI: 10.1186/1478-811x-9-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 05/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction TGF-β signaling has been extensively studied in many developmental contexts, amongst which is its ability to induce epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT). EMTs play crucial roles during embryonic development and have also come under intense scrutiny as a mechanism through which breast cancers progress to become metastatic. Interestingly, while the molecular hallmarks of EMT progression (loss of cell adhesion, nuclear localization of β-catenin) are straightforward, the cellular signaling cascades that result in an EMT are numerous and diverse. Furthermore, most studies describing the biological effects of TGF-β have been performed using high concentrations of active, soluble TGF-β, despite the fact that TGF-β is produced and secreted as a latent complex. Methods MCF-7 breast cancer cells treated with recombinant IGF-1 were assayed for metalloproteinase activity and invasiveness through a matrigel coated transwell invasion chamber. IGF-1 treatments were then followed by the addition of latent-TGF-β1 to determine if elevated levels of IGF-1 together with latent-TGF-β1 could cause EMT. Results Results showed that IGF-1 - a molecule known to be elevated in breast cancer is a regulator of matrix metalloproteinase activity (MMP) and the invasive potential of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The effects of IGF-1 appear to be mediated through signals transduced via the PI3K and MAPK pathways. In addition, increased IGF-1, together with latent TGF-β1 and active MMPs result in EMT. Conclusions Taken together our data suggest a novel a link between IGF-1 levels, MMP activity, TGF-β signaling, and EMT in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B7, Canada.
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Fox MA, Walsh LA, Nieuwesteeg M, Damjanovski S. PEX11β induces peroxisomal gene expression and alters peroxisome number during early Xenopus laevis development. BMC Dev Biol 2011; 11:24. [PMID: 21526995 PMCID: PMC3095563 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Background Peroxisomes are organelles whose roles in fatty acid metabolism and reactive oxygen species elimination have contributed much attention in understanding their origin and biogenesis. Many studies have shown that de novo peroxisome biogenesis is an important regulatory process, while yeast studies suggest that total peroxisome numbers are in part regulated by proteins such as Pex11, which can facilitate the division of existing peroxisomes. Although de novo biogenesis and divisions are likely important mechanisms, the regulation of peroxisome numbers during embryonic development is poorly understood. Peroxisome number and function are particularly crucial in oviparous animals such as frogs where large embryonic yolk and fatty acid stores must be quickly metabolized, and resulting reactive oxygen species eliminated. Here we elucidate the role of Pex11β in regulating peroxisomal gene expression and number in Xenopus laevis embryogenesis. Results Microinjecting haemagglutinin (HA) tagged Pex11β in early embryos resulted in increased RNA levels for peroxisome related genes PMP70 and catalase at developmental stages 10 and 20, versus uninjected embryos. Catalase and PMP70 proteins were found in punctate structures at stage 20 in control embryos, whereas the injection of ectopic HA-Pex11β induced their earlier localization in punctate structures at stage 10. Furthermore, the peroxisomal marker GFP-SKL, which was found localized as peroxisome-like structures at stage 20, was similarly found at stage 10 when co-microinjected with HA-Pex11β. Conclusions Overexpressed Pex11β altered peroxisomal gene levels and induced the early formation of peroxisomes-like structures during development, both of which demonstrate that Pex11β may be a key regulator of peroxisome number in early Xenopus embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Fox
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, 3053 Biological and Geological Sciences Building, 1151 Richmond Street North, London, ON, N6A 5B7, Canada
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Walsh LA, Nawshad A, Medici D. Discoidin domain receptor 2 is a critical regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Matrix Biol 2011; 30:243-7. [PMID: 21477649 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2011.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Discoidin domain receptor 2 (DDR2) is a collagen receptor that is expressed during epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a cellular transformation that mediates many stages of embryonic development and disease. However, the functional significance of this receptor in EMT is unknown. Here we show that Transforming Growth Factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a common stimulator of EMT, promotes increased expression of type I collagen and DDR2. Inhibiting expression of COL1A1 or DDR2 with siRNA is sufficient to perturb activity of the NF-κB and LEF-1 transcription factors and to inhibit EMT and cell migration induced by TGF-β1. Furthermore, knockdown of DDR2 expression with siRNA inhibits EMT directly induced by type I collagen. These data establish a critical role for type I collagen-dependent DDR2 signaling in the regulation of EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Division of Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Cooper CA, Walsh LA, Damjanovski S. Peroxisome biogenesis occurs in late dorsal-anterior structures in the development of Xenopus laevis. Dev Dyn 2008; 236:3554-61. [PMID: 17973332 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolism and development are two important processes not often examined in the same context. The focus of the present study is the expression of specific peroxisomal genes, the subsequent biogenesis of peroxisomes, and their potential role in the metabolism associated with the development of Xenopus laevis embryos. The temporal and expression patterns of six peroxisomal genes (PEX5, ACO, PEX19, PMP70, PEX16, and catalase) were elucidated using RT-PCR. Functionally related peroxisomal genes exhibited similar expression patterns with their RNA levels elevated relatively late during embryogenesis. Using immunohistochemistry PMP70 and catalase protein was localized largely to dorsal-anterior structures. Peroxisomal function was assayed with peroxisomal targeted-GFP, which when microinjected, revealed peroxisomes in dorsal-anterior structures at stage 45. A requirement for peroxisomal function appears to be present only late in development as organogenesis is finishing, yolk stores are depleted, and ingestion commences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A Cooper
- Department of Biology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Walsh LA, Cooper CA, Damjanovski S. Soluble membrane-type 3 matrix metalloprioteinase causes changes in gene expression and increased gelatinase activity during Xenopus laevis development. Int J Dev Biol 2007; 51:389-95. [PMID: 17616928 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.062253lw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of endopeptidases that cleave and remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). Membrane-type 3 MMP (MT3-MMP) is a membrane-anchored MMP, which has recently been shown to 'shed' from the cell surface in a soluble form upon proteolytic cleavage. Shed MT-MMPs can activate gelatinase-A in vitro and have been directly linked to the metastatic potential of many cancers. Here we examined the effect of ectopic expression of full-length tethered and shed (soluble) forms of MT3-MMP during Xenopus laevis development. Injection of mRNA coding for full-length tethered MT3-MMP resulted in the delayed onset of gastrulation and subsequent defects. Phenotype severity and the frequency of embryo death were dose-dependent. Dose-dependent defects were also observed with the injection of mRNA of the soluble form, but the phenotypes and frequencies of death were greater. Histological analysis of injected embryos demonstrated defects in the organization of axial structures, such as the neural tube and somites. Embryos injected with full-length MT3-MMP mRNA showed no significant changes in expression levels of the tissue specific genes endodermin, chordin and muscle actin when examined by semi-quantitative RT-PCR. In contrast, embryos injected with the soluble form of MT3-MMP exhibited decreased expression of these same marker genes. In addition, while full-length tethered MT3-MMP failed to alter gelatinase activity, a 50% increase was measured in response to injection of the soluble form, suggesting that the two forms of this protein could play distinct roles during embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
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Walsh LA, Carere DA, Cooper CA, Damjanovski S. Membrane type-1 matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-2 RNA levels mimic each other during Xenopus laevis metamorphosis. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1000. [PMID: 17912339 PMCID: PMC1991586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2007] [Accepted: 09/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their endogenous inhibitors TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs), are two protein families that work together to remodel the extracellular matrix (ECM). TIMPs serve not only to inhibit MMP activity, but also aid in the activation of MMPs that are secreted as inactive zymogens. Xenopus laevis metamorphosis is an ideal model for studying MMP and TIMP expression levels because all tissues are remodeled under the control of one molecule, thyroid hormone. Here, using RT-PCR analysis, we examine the metamorphic RNA levels of two membrane-type MMPs (MT1-MMP, MT3-MMP), two TIMPs (TIMP-2, TIMP-3) and a potent gelatinase (Gel-A) that can be activated by the combinatory activity of a MT-MMP and a TIMP. In the metamorphic tail and intestine the RNA levels of TIMP-2 and MT1-MMP mirror each other, and closely resemble that of Gel-A as all three are elevated during periods of cell death and proliferation. Conversely, MT3-MMP and TIMP-3 do not have similar RNA level patterns nor do they mimic the RNA levels of the other genes examined. Intriguingly, TIMP-3, which has been shown to have anti-apoptotic activity, is found at low levels in tissues during periods of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Logan A. Walsh
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Deanna A. Carere
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Colin A. Cooper
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sashko Damjanovski
- Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Hammoud L, Walsh LA, Damjanovski S. Cloning and developmental characterization ofXenopus laevismembrane type-3 matrix metalloproteinase (MT3-MMP). Biochem Cell Biol 2006; 84:167-77. [PMID: 16609697 DOI: 10.1139/o05-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, mediated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), is crucial for the development and survival of multicellular organisms. Full-length Xenopus laevis membrane type-3 matrix metallo proteinase (MT3-MMP) was amplified by PCR and cloned from a stage 28 Xenopus head cDNA library. A comparison of the derived Xenopus MT3-MMP protein sequence to that of other vertebrates revealed 86% identity with human and mouse and 85% identity with chicken. The expression profile of MT3-MMP was examined during Xenopus embryogenesis: MT3-MMP transcripts were first detected at the later stages of development and were localized to dorsal and anterior structures. During metamorphosis and in the adult frog, MT3-MMP expression was restricted to specific tissues and organs. Treatment of Xenopus embryos with lithium chloride (LiCl), ultraviolet irradiation (UV), or retinoic acid (RA) revealed that MT3-MMP levels increased with LiCl-dorsalizing treatments and decreased with UV-ventralizing and RA-anterior neural truncating treatments. Overexpression of MT3-MMP through RNA injections led to dose-dependent developmental abnormalities and death. Moreover, MT3-MMP overexpression resulted in neural and head structure abnormalities, as well as truncated axes. Taken together, these results indicate that MT3-MMP expression in Xenopus is spatially and temporally restricted. Furthermore, deregulation of MT3-MMP during early embryogenesis has detrimental effects on development.Key words: Xenopus laevis, MT3-MMP, development, ECM, dorsalization, ventralization.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Cloning, Molecular
- Conserved Sequence
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/radiation effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic/radiation effects
- Humans
- Lithium Chloride/pharmacology
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 16
- Matrix Metalloproteinases/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinases, Membrane-Associated
- Metallothionein 3
- Mice
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Tissue Distribution
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Ultraviolet Rays
- Xenopus laevis/embryology
- Xenopus laevis/genetics
- Xenopus laevis/growth & development
- Xenopus laevis/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamis Hammoud
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
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Britton JR, Walsh LA, Prendergast PJ. Mechanical simulation of muscle loading on the proximal femur: analysis of cemented femoral component migration with and without muscle loading. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2003; 18:637-46. [PMID: 12880711 DOI: 10.1016/s0268-0033(03)00113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the effect of including muscle forces in fatigue tests of cemented total hip arthroplasty reconstructions. DESIGN An experimental device capable of applying the joint reaction force, the abductor force, the vastus lateralis force, and the tensor fasciae latae force to the implanted femur is described. BACKGROUND Current in vitro fatigue tests of cemented total hip arthroplasty reconstructions do not apply physiological muscle loads. Experimental and numerical studies report significant differences in stresses obtained in the cement mantle depending on the loads applied. The differing stresses may alter the outcome of an in vitro test. METHODS Ten femoral components were reproducibly implanted into proximal composite femurs. Five of these femoral components were tested using a loadprofile which included muscle loading, five were tested without muscle loading. The migration of each femoral component was monitored continuously during dynamic fatigue tests. RESULTS Clinically comparable migration amounts were found for both sets of femoral components, with the femoral components tested with muscle loading experiencing lower mean migration, lower mean inducible displacement, and less experimental scatter. CONCLUSIONS The inclusion of muscle forces seems to stabilise the femoral component during the test. In vitro fatigue tests of cemented total hip arthroplasty reconstructions should include muscle loading to provide increased confidence in the results obtained. RELEVANCE This study examines how the migration of cemented femoral hip prostheses is influenced by muscle forces. Hip prostheses are one of the few medical devices for which pre-clinical testing protocols have emerged, and this study ascertains whether or not the inclusion of muscle forces is necessary for pre-clinical tests. The conclusion that muscle loading should be included, and that it is important for the development of a new generation of standardised tests to provide enhanced patient protection against functionally poor prostheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Britton
- Centre for Bioengineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Abstract
background The clinical diagnosis of extraocular motor paralysis that is caused by severe cranial trauma can often be complicated. The resulting clinical picture can make the identification of all the components of potentially treatable oculomotor problems difficult. methods We examined five cases of complete abducens nerve paralysis with marked downshoot in attempted abduction seen after severe cranial trauma. results With the patients looking in the field of gaze of the paralysis, a marked infraductive movement of the paralytic eye occurred while the other eye maintained fixation. Other clinical findings confirmed this to be a secondary deviation due to a paresis of the contralateral superior oblique. conclusion Patients with a paralysis of the lateral rectus following a severe cranial trauma who demonstrate a marked downshoot of the involved eye should be suspected of having a paresis of the contralateral superior oblique. This diagnosis has helped us effectively to treat this vertical incomitance by a simple weakening procedure of the contralateral inferior oblique.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Walsh
- Department of Orthoptics, IWK Health Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Abstract
Human CD52 (CAMPATH-1 antigen) is an abundant surface molecule on lymphocytes and a favoured target for lymphoma therapy and immunosuppression. It comprises a small glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored peptide to which a large carbohydrate moiety is attached. Structurally similar proteins include the proposed mouse homologue, B7 antigen (B7-Ag; not to be confused with the CD28 ligand), and human and mouse CD24. Sequence similarities between CD52 and B7-Ag precursors are concentrated over the signal peptides and the sequences cleaved during GPI attachment. While the short mature peptides are not apparently homologous, the N-linked glycosylation site is retained in both. We describe similarities in exon-intron organisation, syntenic chromosome positions (human CD52, 1p36; mouse B7-Ag, chromosome 4, between Dsil and D4Nds16) and sequence homology in the promoter regions which strongly suggests that B7-Ag is the mouse homologue of CD52. The structure of these genes is also similar to that of mouse CD24, suggesting a common ancestor. Promoter activities and transcription start sites were also analysed. These results suggest that human CD52 and mouse B7-Ag gene expressions are controlled by TATA-less promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tone
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK.
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Walsh LA, Li M, Zhao TJ, Chiu TH, Rosenberg HC. Acute pentylenetetrazol injection reduces rat GABAA receptor mRNA levels and GABA stimulation of benzodiazepine binding with No effect on benzodiazepine binding site density. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1999; 289:1626-33. [PMID: 10336561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of a single convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ, 45 mg/kg i.p.) on rat brain gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptors were studied. Selected GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs were measured by Northern blot analysis (with beta-actin mRNA as a standard). Four hours after PTZ, the GABAA receptor gamma2-mRNA was decreased in hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and cerebellum; alpha1-mRNA was decreased in cerebellum; and beta2 subunit mRNA was decreased in cortex and cerebellum. The alpha5 subunit mRNA level was not altered. Those mRNAs that had been reduced were increased in some brain regions at the 24-h time point, and these changes reverted to control levels by 48 h. PTZ effect on GABAA receptors was also studied by autoradiographic binding assay with the benzodiazepine agonist [3H]flunitrazepam (FNP), the GABAA agonist [3H]muscimol, and the benzodiazepine antagonist [3H]flumazenil. There was an overall decrease in [3H]FNP binding 12 but not 24 h after PTZ treatment. In contrast, [3H]muscimol binding was minimally affected, and [3H]flumazenil binding was unchanged after PTZ treatment. Additional binding studies were performed with well-washed cerebral cortical homogenates to minimize the amount of endogenous GABA. There was no PTZ effect on specific [3H]FNP binding. However, there was a significant reduction in the stimulation of [3H]FNP binding by GABA. The results showed that an acute injection of PTZ caused transient changes in GABAA receptor mRNA levels without altering receptor number but affected the coupling mechanism between the GABA and benzodiazepine sites of the GABAA receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Walsh
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College of Ohio, Toledo, Ohio, USA
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Gilliland LK, Walsh LA, Frewin MR, Wise MP, Tone M, Hale G, Kioussis D, Waldmann H. Elimination of the immunogenicity of therapeutic antibodies. J Immunol 1999; 162:3663-71. [PMID: 10092828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The immunogenicity of therapeutic Abs limits their long-term use. The processes of complementarity-determining region grafting, resurfacing, and hyperchimerization diminish mAb immunogenicity by reducing the number of foreign residues. However, this does not prevent anti-idiotypic and anti-allotypic responses following repeated administration of cell-binding Abs. Classical studies have demonstrated that monomeric human IgG is profoundly tolerogenic in a number of species. If cell-binding Abs could be converted into monomeric non-cell-binding tolerogens, then it should be possible to pretolerize patients to the therapeutic cell-binding form. We demonstrate that non-cell-binding minimal mutants of the anti-CD52 Ab CAMPATH-1H lose immunogenicity and can tolerize to the "wild-type" Ab in CD52-expressing transgenic mice. This finding could have utility in the long-term administration of therapeutic proteins to humans.
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MESH Headings
- Alemtuzumab
- Animals
- Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic/biosynthesis
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antibodies, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Antigens/metabolism
- Binding Sites, Antibody/genetics
- Cell Line
- Cricetinae
- Humans
- Immune Tolerance/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/genetics
- Immunoglobulin Variable Region/metabolism
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Protein Engineering/methods
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Gilliland
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
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Tone M, Diamond LE, Walsh LA, Tone Y, Thompson SA, Shanahan EM, Logan JS, Waldmann H. High level transcription of the complement regulatory protein CD59 requires an enhancer located in intron 1. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:710-6. [PMID: 9873006 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.2.710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
CD59 is a complement regulatory protein and may also act as a signal-transducing molecule. CD59 transgenic mice have been generated using a CD59 minigene (CD59 minigene-1). Although this minigene contained a 4.6-kilobase pair 5'-flanking region from the human CD59 gene as a promoter, the expression levels of the CD59 mRNA were substantially lower than those observed in humans, suggesting that CD59 gene expression might also require other transcriptional regulatory elements such as an enhancer. To investigate the transcriptional regulation of the CD59 gene, we used three cell lines that express CD59 at different levels. We have identified DNase I-hypersensitive sites in intron 1 in HeLa cells, which express CD59 at high levels, but not in Jurkat (intermediate level) or Raji cells (low level). Furthermore, cell line-specific enhancer activity was detected in a fragment containing these DNase I-hypersensitive sites. The CD59 enhancer was mapped to between -1155 and -888 upstream of the 5'-end of exon 2. To investigate the enhancer activity in vivo, a new CD59 minigene was constructed by the addition of the enhancer fragment into CD59 minigene-1. High expressor CD59 transgenic mice were generated using the new minigene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tone
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom.
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Diamond LE, Oldham ER, Platt JL, Waldmann H, Tone M, Walsh LA, Logan JS. Cell- and tissue-specific expression of a human CD59 minigene in transgenic mice. Transplant Proc 1994; 26:1239. [PMID: 7518115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- L A Walsh
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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Abstract
We have isolated the CD59 gene from human genomic libraries. The gene is distributed over more than 27 x 10(3) base-pairs and consists of one 5'-untranslated exon and three coding exons. The gene structure is similar to that of mouse Ly-6 with the exception of the larger size of CD59 introns. Northern blot analysis using six different probes located in the 3'-region of the gene shows that more than four different CD59 mRNA molecules are generated by alternative polyadenylation. Three of these polyadenylation sites were predicted from previously published cDNA sequences. We have isolated a fourth from Jurkat poly(A)+ RNA by the procedure of rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Alternative polyadenylation may be due to the RNA secondary structure around the typical polyadenylation signal, AAUAAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tone
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, U.K
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