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Yin Z, You B, Bai Y, Zhao Y, Liao S, Sun Y, Wu Y. Natural Compounds Derived from Plants on Prevention and Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Literature Review. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023:e2300025. [PMID: 37607316 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Therapeutic options for RCC have expanded rapidly over the past decade. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy have ushered in a new era of the treatment of RCC, which has facilitated the outcomes of RCC. However, the related adverse effects and drug resistance remain an urgent issue. Natural compounds are optional strategies to reduce mobility. Natural compounds are favored by clinicians and researchers due to their good tolerance and low economic burden. Many studies have explored the anti-RCC activity of natural products and revealed relevant mechanisms. In this article, the chemoprevention and therapeutic potential of natural compounds is reviewed and the mechanisms regarding natural compounds are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Yin
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Bingyong You
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Bai
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Shangfan Liao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Medical and Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
| | - Yongyang Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Sanming First Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Sanming, Fujian, 365001, P. R. China
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Effects of Genistein on Common Kidney Diseases. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14183768. [PMID: 36145144 PMCID: PMC9506319 DOI: 10.3390/nu14183768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring phytoestrogen (soy or soybean products) that is classified as an isoflavone, and its structure is similar to that of endogenous estrogens; therefore, genistein can exert an estrogen-like effect via estrogen receptors. Additionally, genistein is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which enables it to block abnormal cell growth and proliferation signals through the inhibition of tyrosine kinase. Genistein is also an angiogenesis inhibitor and an antioxidant. Genistein has effects on kidney cells, some of the kidney’s physiological functions, and a variety of kidney diseases. First, genistein exerts a protective effect on normal cells by reducing the inflammatory response, inhibiting apoptosis, inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting remodeling, etc., but after cell injury, the protective effect of genistein decreases or even has the opposite effect. Second, genistein can regulate renin intake to maintain blood pressure balance, regulate calcium uptake to regulate Ca2+ and Pi balances, and reduce vasodilation to promote diuresis. Third, genistein has beneficial effects on a variety of kidney diseases (including acute kidney disease, kidney cancer, and different chronic kidney diseases), such as reducing symptoms, delaying disease progression, and improving prognosis. Therefore, this paper reviews animal and human studies on the protective effects of genistein on the kidney in vivo and in vitro to provide a reference for clinical research in the future.
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Renal cell carcinoma management: A step to nano-chemoprevention. Life Sci 2022; 308:120922. [PMID: 36058262 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common kidney cancers, responsible for nearly 90 % of all renal malignancies. Despite the availability of many treatment strategies, RCC still remains to be an incurable disease due to its resistivity towards conventional therapies. Nanotechnology is an emerging field of science that offers newer possibilities in therapeutics including cancer medicine, specifically by targeted delivery of anticancer drugs. Several phytochemicals are known for their anti-cancer properties and have been regarded as chemopreventive agents. However, the hydrophobic nature of many phytochemicals decreases its bioavailability and distribution, thus showing limited therapeutic effect. Application of nanotechnology to enhance chemoprevention is an effective strategy to increase the bioavailability of phytochemicals and thereby its therapeutic efficacy. The present review focuses on the utility of nanotechnology in RCC treatment and chemopreventive agents of RCC. We have also visualized the future prospects of nanomolecules in the prevention and cure of RCC.
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Feng C, Lyu Y, Gong L, Wang J. Therapeutic Potential of Natural Products in the Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14112274. [PMID: 35684073 PMCID: PMC9182762 DOI: 10.3390/nu14112274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a common cancer of the urinary system. The potential therapeutic effects of certain natural products against renal cell carcinoma have been reported both in vivo and in vitro, but no reviews have been published classifying and summarizing the mechanisms of action of various natural products. In this study, we used PubMed and Google Scholar to collect and screen the recent literature on natural products with anti-renal-cancer effects. The main mechanisms of action of these products include the induction of apoptosis, inhibition of angiogenesis, inhibition of metastasis and reduction of drug resistance. In total, we examined more than 30 natural products, which include kahweol acetate, honokiol, englerin A and epigallocatechin-3-gallate, among others, have demonstrated a variety of anti-renal-cancer effects. In conclusion, natural products may have a wider application in kidney cancer than previously believed and are potential candidates for treatment in RCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Feng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100000, China; (C.F.); (L.G.)
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Yinfeng Lyu
- Department of Urology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China;
| | - Lingxiao Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100000, China; (C.F.); (L.G.)
| | - Jing Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100000, China; (C.F.); (L.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Madu CO, Wang S, Madu CO, Lu Y. Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Progression, Diagnosis, and Treatment. J Cancer 2020; 11:4474-4494. [PMID: 32489466 PMCID: PMC7255381 DOI: 10.7150/jca.44313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a significant event in a wide range of healthy and diseased conditions. This process frequently involves vasodilation and an increase in vascular permeability. Numerous players referred to as angiogenic factors, work in tandem to facilitate the outgrowth of endothelial cells (EC) and the consequent vascularity. Conversely, angiogenic factors could also feature in pathological conditions. Angiogenesis is a critical factor in the development of tumors and metastases in numerous cancers. An increased level of angiogenesis is associated with decreased survival in breast cancer patients. Therefore, a good understanding of the angiogenic mechanism holds a promise of providing effective treatments for breast cancer progression, thereby enhancing patients' survival. Disrupting the initiation and progression of this process by targeting angiogenic factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (Vegf)-one of the most potent member of the VEGF family- or by targeting transcription factors, such as Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) that act as angiogenic regulators, have been considered potential treatment options for several types of cancers. The objective of this review is to highlight the mechanism of angiogenesis in diseases, specifically its role in the progression of malignancy in breast cancer, as well as to highlight the undergoing research in the development of angiogenesis-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chikezie O. Madu
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152. USA
| | - Stephanie Wang
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Chinua O. Madu
- Departments of Biology and Advanced Placement Biology, White Station High School, Memphis, TN 38117. USA
| | - Yi Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163. USA
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The Role of Compounds Derived from Natural Supplement as Anticancer Agents in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 19:ijms19010107. [PMID: 29301217 PMCID: PMC5796057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 12/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most prominent kidney cancer derived from renal tubules and accounts for roughly 85% of all malignant kidney cancer. Every year, over 60,000 new cases are registered, and about 14,000 people die from RCC. The incidence of this has been increasing significantly in the U.S. and other countries. An increased understanding of molecular biology and the genomics of RCC has uncovered several signaling pathways involved in the progression of this cancer. Significant advances in the treatment of RCC have been reported from agents approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that target these pathways. These agents have become drugs of choice because they demonstrate clinical benefit and increased survival in patients with metastatic disease. However, the patients eventually relapse and develop resistance to these drugs. To improve outcomes and seek approaches for producing long-term durable remission, the search for more effective therapies and preventative strategies are warranted. Treatment of RCC using natural products is one of these strategies to reduce the incidence. However, recent studies have focused on these chemoprevention agents as anti-cancer therapies given they can inhibit tumor cell grow and lack the severe side effects common to synthetic compounds. This review elaborates on the current understanding of natural products and their mechanisms of action as anti-cancer agents. The present review will provide information for possible use of these products alone or in combination with chemotherapy for the prevention and treatment of RCC.
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Zhang Q, Feng H, Qluwakemi B, Wang J, Yao S, Cheng G, Xu H, Qiu H, Zhu L, Yuan M. Phytoestrogens and risk of prostate cancer: an updated meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:28-42. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1216525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongliang Feng
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Department of Neurology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Jiaqi Wang
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Songpo Yao
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | | | - Hui Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Liling Zhu
- School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Mingxia Yuan
- Bio-Vaccine Limited Liability Company, Harbin Pharmaceutical Group, Harbin, China
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Regulation of Candida albicans Interaction with Macrophages through the Activation of HOG Pathway by Genistein. Molecules 2016; 21:162. [PMID: 26828477 PMCID: PMC6274511 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The severity of infections caused by Candida albicans, the most common opportunistic human fungal pathogen, needs rapid and effective antifungal treatments. One of the effective ways is to control the virulence factors of the pathogen. Therefore, the current study examined the effects of genistein, a natural isoflavone present in soybeans, on C. albicans. The genistein-treated C. albicans cells were then exposed to macrophages. Although no inhibition effect on the growth rates of C. albicans was noted an enhancement of the immune response to macrophages has been observed, indicated by phagocytosis and release of cytokines TNF-α and IL-10. The effect of genistein on the enhanced phagocytosis can be mimicked by the fungicides fludioxonil or iprodione, which inhibit the histidine kinase Cos1p and lead to activation of HOG pathway. The western blot results showed a clear phosphorylation of Hog1p in the wild type strain of C. albicans after incubation with genistein. In addition, effects of genistein on the phosphorylation of Hog1p in the histidine kinase mutants Δcos1 and Δsln1 were also observed. Our results thus indicate a new bio-activity of genistein on C. albicans by activation of the HOG pathway of the human pathogen C. albicans.
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Hwang KA, Choi KC. Anticarcinogenic Effects of Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Chemopreventive Mechanisms. Nutr Cancer 2015; 67:796-803. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1040516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Flavonoids as a scaffold for development of novel anti-angiogenic agents: An experimental and computational enquiry. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 577-578:35-48. [PMID: 25937258 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Relationship between structural diversity and biological activities of flavonoids has remained an important discourse in the mainstream of flavonoid research. In the current study anti-angiogenic, cytotoxic, antioxidant and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activities of diverse class of flavonoids including hydroxyl and methoxy substituted flavones, flavonones and flavonols have been evaluated in the light of developing flavonoids as a potential scaffold for designing novel anti-antiangiogenic agents. We demonstrate anti-angiogenic potential of flavonoids using in vivo chorioallantoic membrane model (CAM) and further elaborate the possible structural reasoning behind observed anti-angiogenic effect using in silico methods. Additionally, we report antioxidant potential and kinetics of free radical scavenging activity using DPPH and SOR scavenging assays. Current study indicates that selected flavonoids possess considerable COX inhibition potential. Furthermore, we describe cytotoxicity of flavonoids against selected cancer cell lines using MTT cell viability assay. Structural analysis of in silico docking poses and predicted binding free energy values are not only in accordance with the experimental anti-angiogenic CAM values from this study but also are in agreement with the previously reported literature on crystallographic data concerning EGFR and VEGFR inhibition.
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Cui S, Wienhoefer N, Bilitewski U. Genistein induces morphology change and G2/M cell cycle arrest by inducing p38 MAPK activation in macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 18:142-50. [PMID: 24290959 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Genistein is a well known natural compound which is present in soy foods and exerts many beneficial functions such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant. However, until now little is known about the effects of genistein on the function of macrophages. The murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7 was used as target cell line. The results show that at concentrations of 50-100μM, genistein reduced cell viability to 70%-80% (after 24h) and 50%-60% (after 48h), which was due to G2/M phase cell cycle arrest. Treatment of the macrophages with genistein for 24 or 48h also led to significant morphological changes, such as elongation of the cells and development of long pseudopodia-like protrusions. By staining the F-actin cytoskeleton, we observed accumulation of actin-filaments at the edges of the cells. The morphology change and G2/M phase arrest after genistein treatment is due to the activation of the phosphorylation of MAP kinase p38. The morphology change and cell cycle arrest can be significantly reverted when treatment is combined with p38 inhibitor SB203580. Moreover, after treatment of the macrophages with genistein for 24 and 48h, the phagocytotic efficiency for Candida albicans was decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner which correlates to the morphology change. The production of cytokines (TNF-α) stimulated by C. albicans was strongly inhibited by genistein. In conclusion, genistein showed a strong immune modulatory effect on the macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuna Cui
- Medical College of Yangzhou University, Huaihai Road 11, 225001, Yangzhou, China; Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Nina Wienhoefer
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ursula Bilitewski
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Inhoffenstr. 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.
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Nagaraju GP, Zafar SF, El-Rayes BF. Pleiotropic effects of genistein in metabolic, inflammatory, and malignant diseases. Nutr Rev 2013; 71:562-72. [PMID: 23865800 DOI: 10.1111/nure.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a soy-derived biologically active isoflavone that exhibits diverse health-promoting effects. An increasing body of evidence shows that genistein influences lipid homeostasis and insulin resistance, counteracts inflammatory cytokines, and possesses antidiabetic properties. Genistein also impedes cancer progression by promoting apoptosis, inducing cell cycle arrest, modulating intracellular signaling pathways, and inhibiting angiogenesis and metastasis of neoplastic cells. This review summarizes the pleiotropic functions of genistein in common health disorders such as metabolic syndrome, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. In the current era of uncontrolled health expenditure, a focus on the clinical development of nutritional agents with the capacity to prevent a variety of common health disorders is needed. As a micronutrient that exerts multifaceted effects ranging from antidiabetic to anticarcinogenic functions, genistein should be clinically developed further for use in the prevention and treatment of a variety of health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Abstract
Background: Wnt-signalling has an important role in renal cancer and it is modulated by genistein in other cancers. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as new regulators of gene expression. Thus, we focused on miRNAs to examine the regulatory mechanism of genistein on the Wnt-signalling pathway in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Methods: Initially, we investigated the effect of genistein on Wnt-signalling (TOPflash reporter assay (TCF reporter assays)) in renal cancer cells, and using microarray identified candidate miRNAs whose expression was decreased by genistein. We performed functional analyses and investigated the relationship between miRNA expression and renal cancer patient outcomes. We also did 3′UTR luciferase assays to look at direct miRNA regulation of Wnt-signalling-related genes. Results: Genistein promoted apoptosis while inhibiting RCC cell proliferation and invasion. Genistein also decreased TCF reporter activity in RCC cells. We found that miR-1260b was highly expressed and significantly downregulated by genistein in RCC cells. The expression of miR-1260b was significantly higher in renal cancer tissues compared with normal, and significantly related to overall shorter survival. In addition, miR-1260b promoted renal cancer cell proliferation and invasion in RCC cells. The 3′UTR luciferase activity of target genes (sFRP1, Dkk2, Smad4) was significantly decreased and their protein expression significantly upregulated in miR-1260b inhibitor-transfected renal cancer cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that genistein inhibited Wnt-signalling by regulating miR-1260b expression in renal cancer cells.
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Lee SH, Lee J, Jung MH, Lee YM. Glyceollins, a novel class of soy phytoalexins, inhibit angiogenesis by blocking the VEGF and bFGF signaling pathways. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:225-34. [PMID: 23229497 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Glyceollins are a novel class of soybean phytoalexins with potential cancer-preventive and antiestrogenic effects. The angiogenic cascade during tumor development consists of the release of angiogenic factors and binding of angiogenic factors to receptors on endothelial cells to activate downstream signaling pathways. However, the potential medicinal value of glyceollins, especially in antiangiogenesis, remains unexplored. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we investigated the antiangiogenic activity of glyceollins and their underlying mechanisms. Glyceollins inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) induced in vitro angiogenic activity. Glyceollins inhibited VEGF receptor-2 or FGF receptor-1 activity and their downstream signaling pathways such as extracellular regulated kinase 1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase, as well as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and focal adhesion kinase induced by VEGF or bFGF. Glyceollins significantly suppressed VEGF receptor-2 kinase activity assayed by the ELISA. Glyceollins significantly attenuated in vivo and ex vivo microvessel development in a dose-dependent manner and tumor growth by suppressing microvessel density in Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) mouse xenograft. CONCLUSION Thus, glyceollins, elicited ingredients of soy source, target the signaling pathways mediated by VEGF or bFGF, providing new perspectives into potential therapeutics for preventing and treating hypervascularized diseases including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun H Lee
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Liu RY, Zhu YH, Zhou L, Zhao P, Li HL, Zhu LC, Han HY, Lin HX, Kang L, Wu JX, Huang W. Adenovirus-mediated delivery of interferon-γ gene inhibits the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Transl Med 2012; 10:256. [PMID: 23272637 PMCID: PMC3573957 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-10-256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is regarded as a potent antitumor agent, but its clinical application is limited by its short half-life and significant side effects. In this paper, we tried to develop IFN-γ gene therapy by a replication defective adenovirus encoding the human IFN-γ (Ad-IFNγ), and evaluate the antitumoral effects of Ad-IFNγ on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cell lines in vitro and in xenografts model. Methods The mRNA levels of human IFN-γ in Ad-IFNγ-infected NPC cells were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and IFN-γ protein concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the culture supernatants of NPC cells and tumor tissues and bloods of nude mice treated with Ad-IFNγ. The effects of Ad-IFNγ on NPC cell proliferation was determined using MTT assay, cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry analysis for DNA content, and cells apoptosis were analyzed by Annexin V-FITC/7-AAD binding assay and hoechst 33342/PI double staining. The anti-tumor effects and toxicity of Ad-IFNγ were evaluated in BALB/c nude mice carrying NPC xenografts. Results The results demonstrated that Ad-IFNγ efficiently expressed human IFN-γ protein in NPC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. Ad-IFNγ infection resulted in antiproliferative effects on NPC cells by inducing G1 phase arrest and cell apoptosis. Intratumoral administration of Ad-IFNγ significantly inhibited the growth of CNE-2 and C666-1 cell xenografts in nude mice, while no significant toxicity was observed. Conclusions These findings indicate IFN-γ gene therapy mediated by replication defective adenoviral vector is likely a promising approach in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran-yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dong-feng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, China
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Icaritin, an exogenous phytomolecule, enhances osteogenesis but not angiogenesis--an in vitro efficacy study. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41264. [PMID: 22952579 PMCID: PMC3431393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We found that Icaritin, an intestinal metabolite of Epimedium-derived flavonoids (EF) enhanced osteoblastic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) only under osteogenic induction conditions. We also demonstrated its effect on inhibition of adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. Unlike the findings of others on EF compounds, we showed that Icaritin was unable to promote proliferation, migration and tube like structure formation by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. These results suggested that the exogenous phytomolecule Icaritin possessed the potential for enhancing bone formation via its osteopromotive but not an osteoinductive mechanism. Though some flavonoids were shown to regulate the coupling process of angiogenesis and osteogenesis during bone repair, our results suggested that Icaritin did not have direct effect on enhancing angiogenesis in vitro.
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Abstract
A high intake of fruits and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of cancer. In this context, considerable attention is paid to Asian populations who consume high amounts of soy and soy-derived isoflavones, and have a lower risk for several cancer types such as breast and prostate cancers than populations in Western countries. Hence, interest focuses on soyfoods, soy products, and soy ingredients such as isoflavones with regard to their possible beneficial effects that were observed in numerous experiments and studies. The outcomes of the studies are not always conclusive, are often contradictory depending on the experimental conditions, and are, therefore, difficult to interpret. Isoflavone research revealed not only beneficial but also adverse effects, for instance, on the reproductive system. This is also the case with tumor-promoting effects on, for example, breast tissue. Isoflavone extracts and supplements are often used for the treatment of menopausal symptoms and for the prevention of age-associated conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. In relation to this, questions about the effectiveness and safety of isoflavones have to be clarified. Moreover, there are concerns about the maternal consumption of isoflavones due to the development of leukemia in infants. In contrast, men may benefit from the intake of isoflavones with regard to reducing the risk of prostate cancer. Therefore, this review examines the risks but also the benefits of isoflavones with regard to various kinds of cancer, which can be derived from animal and human studies as well as from in vitro experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Andres
- Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany
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Shi W, Wang Z, Pu J, Wang R, Guo Z, Liu C, Sun J, Gao L, Zhou R. Changes of blood-brain barrier permeability following intracerebral hemorrhage and the therapeutic effect of minocycline in rats. ACTA NEUROCHIRURGICA. SUPPLEMENT 2011; 110:61-7. [PMID: 21125447 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-7091-0356-2_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to investigate the changes of blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability and expressions of VEGF, NGF and HPS70 in brain at different time points following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in rats, and observe therapeutic effect of minocycline (MC). METHODS rat ICH model was induced with Type IV collagenase. Early MC treatment was administrated via intraperitoneal injection. BBB permeability was evaluated by Evans blue (EB) amount exuded out of cerebral vessels. VEGF, NGF, and HPS70 expressions were determined with immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS EB exudation amount in MC treatment group was less than the ICH group (P < 0.05). The former showed a transient EB exudation peak only 1 h after modeling and then gradually decreased, while the latter showed two EB exudation peaks 1 and 4 days after modeling, respectively. The number of VEGF-positive cells in MC treatment group was less than the ICH group (P < 0.05), whereas the number of NGF- and HSP70-positive cells were more than the ICH group (P < 0.05). All three were mainly expressed in neurons and gitter cells, but there were only few expressions in the control group. CONCLUSION after ICH, the BBB permeability was destroyed, with neuron function affected. In the early stage, VEGF increased BBB permeability, while NGF and HSP70 showed protective effects on nerve cells. Early intraperitoneal injection with MC could reduce the damage of BBB and increase the protective effect on nerve cells, the mechanism of which may be achieved by reducing VEGF expression and enhancing NGF and HSP70 expressions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 157 Xiwu Road, Xi'an 710004, P.R, China.
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Gupta SC, Kim JH, Prasad S, Aggarwal BB. Regulation of survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of tumor cells through modulation of inflammatory pathways by nutraceuticals. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2010; 29:405-34. [PMID: 20737283 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-010-9235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 541] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues today. For example, we now know that as many as 35% of all cancers can be prevented by dietary changes. Carcinogenesis is a multistep process involving the transformation, survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor and may take up to 30 years. The pathways associated with this process have been linked to chronic inflammation, a major mediator of tumor progression. The human body consists of about 13 trillion cells, almost all of which are turned over within 100 days, indicating that 70,000 cells undergo apoptosis every minute. Thus, apoptosis/cell death is a normal physiological process, and it is rare that a lack of apoptosis kills the patient. Almost 90% of all deaths due to cancer are linked to metastasis of the tumor. How our diet can prevent cancer is the focus of this review. Specifically, we will discuss how nutraceuticals, such as allicin, apigenin, berberine, butein, caffeic acid, capsaicin, catechin gallate, celastrol, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, flavopiridol, gambogic acid, genistein, plumbagin, quercetin, resveratrol, sanguinarine, silibinin, sulforaphane, taxol, gamma-tocotrienol, and zerumbone, derived from spices, legumes, fruits, nuts, and vegetables, can modulate inflammatory pathways and thus affect the survival, proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis of the tumor. Various cell signaling pathways that are modulated by these agents will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash C Gupta
- Cytokine Research Laboratory, Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Abstract
Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide, and the numbers of new cancer cases are expected to continue to rise. The main goals of cancer therapy include removing the primary tumor, preventing the spread of distant metastases, and improving survival and quality of life for the patients. To attain these goals of cancer therapy, the combination of different chemotherapeutics, as opposed to the conventional single-agent treatment, is an emerging area of research. Given the potential risks of drug toxicity in such treatment, the focus is to have a second compound that increases the anticancer potential of the primary agent but which reduces toxicity. There is an ever growing interest in treatment with natural compounds, such as plant phytoestrogens, as an adjuvant cancer therapy along with conventional cancer therapy. The question remains whether or not adding these compounds to the cancer therapy regimen as a second agent would be beneficial, and if they are safe to be used among cancer patients. The current literature suggests that phytoestrogen treatment is capable of inducing G2/M cell cycle arrest in a number of cancer cell lines, as well as upregulating cell cycle inhibitory molecules. Phytoestrogen therapy has been shown to inhibit inflammation, angiogenesis and metastases in various IN VIVO tumor models, and pronounced benefits have been observed when combined with radiation therapy. The lack of side effects from phase I and II clinical trials of phytoestrogens in cancer therapy points towards their safety, but to further understand their added benefit clinical studies with large sample sizes are required. We have reviewed the recent research studies in these areas in an attempt to find evidence for their role in cancer therapy as well as safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep K. Virk-Baker
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA
| | - Tim R. Nagy
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA
- Center for Nutrient-Gene Interaction, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924, USA
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21
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Oh HY, Kwon SM, Kim SI, Jae YW, Hong SJ. Antiangiogenic Effect of ZD1839 against Murine Renal Cell Carcinoma (RENCA) in an Orthotopic Mouse Model. Urol Int 2008; 75:159-66. [PMID: 16123571 DOI: 10.1159/000087171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2004] [Accepted: 04/26/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION ZD1839 (Iressa) is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI). We evaluated the antitumor and antiangiogenesis activities of ZD1839 in a murine renal cell carcinoma (RENCA) model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of ZD1839 on the cellular proliferation of RENCA cells in vitro was measured by colorimetric assay. For the in vivo studies, RENCA cells were adsorbed in Gelfoam and implanted into BALB/cJ mouse parenchyma with an agarose bar. Mice were treated with ZD1839 (40 mg/kg/day s.c.), genistein or saline for 14 days. Western blot analysis was performed to observe EGFR expression in RENCA cells and tumor tissues. Microvessel density (MVD) was quantified by immunostaining for factor VIII-related antigens and VEGF level was assayed by ELISA. RESULTS ZD1839 showed a dose-dependent inhibition of RENCA cellular proliferation. ZD1839 treatment resulted in a marked decrease in tumor growth compared with saline treatment. The MVD and VEGF in the RENCA tumors were decreased significantly by ZD1839 (p<0.01 and p>0.05, respectively). Genistein also suppressed tumor growth and decreased MVD and VEGF level, but the efficacies were less than with ZD1839. CONCLUSION The suppressive activity of ZD1839 on RENCA tumor growth was accompanied by decreases in the MVD and VEGF production. These results suggest that the antitumor effect of ZD1839 in a RENCA model is mediated partially by the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Biopsy, Needle
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Disease Models, Animal
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- Female
- Gefitinib
- Immunohistochemistry
- Kidney Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Hea Young Oh
- Department of Urology, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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22
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Nacak TG, Alajati A, Leptien K, Fulda C, Weber H, Miki T, Czepluch FS, Waltenberger J, Wieland T, Augustin HG, Kroll J. The BTB-Kelch Protein KLEIP Controls Endothelial Migration and Sprouting Angiogenesis. Circ Res 2007; 100:1155-63. [PMID: 17395875 DOI: 10.1161/01.res.0000265844.56493.ac] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Sprouting and invasive migration of endothelial cells are important steps of the angiogenic cascade. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) induces angiogenesis by activating intracellular signal transduction cascades, which regulate endothelial cell morphology and function. BTB-kelch proteins are intracellular proteins that control cellular architecture and cellular functions. The BTB-kelch protein KLEIP has been characterized as an actin-binding protein that interacts with the nucleotide exchange factor ECT2. We report that KLEIP is preferentially expressed in endothelial cells, suggesting that it may play a critical role in controlling the functions of migrating, proliferating, and invading endothelial cells during angiogenesis. KLEIP mRNA level in endothelial cells is strongly regulated by hypoxia which is controlled by hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Functional analysis of KLEIP in endothelial cells revealed that it acts as an essential downstream regulator of VEGF- and basic fibroblast growth factor-induced migration and in-gel sprouting angiogenesis. Yet, it is not involved in controlling VEGF- or basic fibroblast growth factor-mediated proliferative responses. The depletion of KLEIP in endothelial cells blunted the VEGF-induced activation of the monomeric GTPase RhoA but did not alter the VEGF-stimulated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. Moreover, VEGF induced a physical association of KLEIP with the guanine nucleotide-exchange factor ECT2, the depletion of which also blunted VEGF-induced sprouting. We conclude that the BTB-kelch protein KLEIP is a novel regulator of endothelial function during angiogenesis that controls the VEGF-induced activation of Rho GTPases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanju G Nacak
- Department of Vascular Biology and Angiogenesis Research, Tumor Biology Center, Freiburg, Germany
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23
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Effects of genistein on proliferation and cell cycle of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cells. Chin J Cancer Res 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11670-007-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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24
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Guo Y, Wang S, Hoot DR, Clinton SK. Suppression of VEGF-mediated autocrine and paracrine interactions between prostate cancer cells and vascular endothelial cells by soy isoflavones. J Nutr Biochem 2006; 18:408-17. [PMID: 17142033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is an essential process involved in the development and progression of prostate cancer. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is hypothesized to be a critical regulator of angiogenesis during prostate carcinogenesis. We have reported that dietary soy products inhibit prostate tumor progression in animal models, in association with a reduction in tumor microvessel density. The goal of the present study is to investigate potential antiangiogenic mechanisms of genistein, the major soy isoflavone, using in vitro systems. Genistein (5-50 muM) significantly inhibited the growth of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in control media when stimulated by supplemental VEGF or when cultured in hypoxia-exposed PC-3 prostate adenocarcinoma cell conditioned media. These in vitro studies suggest detectable inhibitory effects by 5-10 muM genistein (P<.05) with an IC(50) of approximately 20 muM or less. Genistein (10-50 muM) caused significant inhibition of basal VEGF expression and hypoxia-stimulated VEGF expression in both human prostate cancer PC-3 cells and HUVECs based on semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (P<.05). In parallel, VEGF secretion by PC-3 cells quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was significantly (P<.05) reduced by genistein (10-50 muM). Furthermore, genistein (10-50 muM) significantly (P<.05) reduced PC-3 nuclear accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, the principle transcription factor that regulates VEGF expression in response to hypoxia. Expression of the VEGF receptor fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, but not kinase insert domain-containing kinase, in HUVECs was also reduced (P<.05) by genistein (10-50 muM). These observations support the hypothesis that genistein may inhibit prostate tumor angiogenesis through the suppression of VEGF-mediated autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways between tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Guo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine and Public Health, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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25
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Fan TP, Yeh JC, Leung KW, Yue PYK, Wong RNS. Angiogenesis: from plants to blood vessels. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2006; 27:297-309. [PMID: 16697473 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2006.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2006] [Revised: 04/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/24/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a major pathological component of diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease. Although major advances have been made and encouraging clinical results obtained, safer and more effective approaches are required. The identification of new drugs from plants has a long and successful history, and certain proangiogenic and antiangiogenic plant components have been used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for thousands of years. Similar to Western combination therapy, TCM uses mixtures of plant extracts, termed fufang, to maximize efficacy and minimize adverse effects or toxicity. More evidence-based research and chemical optimization of these compounds could further enhance the effectiveness of these plant-based medicines in angiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Ping Fan
- Angiogenesis and Traditional Chinese Medicine Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK.
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26
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Szymanska A, Biernaskie J, Laidley D, Granter-Button S, Corbett D. Minocycline and intracerebral hemorrhage: influence of injury severity and delay to treatment. Exp Neurol 2006; 197:189-96. [PMID: 16259983 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Revised: 08/18/2005] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating condition currently lacking a defined line of treatment. The inflammatory response that ensues following its onset is thought to contribute to secondary injury following ICH, making inflammation a potential therapeutic target. Minocycline (MC), a commonly used antibiotic that also has anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties, provides histological protection in several animal stroke models when given soon after injury. However, its ability to provide protection with more clinically relevant delays is unknown. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of MC on histopathological changes and long-term functional outcomes in a collagenase-induced ICH model in rats when drug administration was delayed 3 h following the onset of ICH. In accordance with other studies, MC suppressed microglial/macrophage activation in the peri-infarct region at 5 days based on B4 isolectin histochemistry. However, no reduction in infarct volume was detected at 5 or 28 days post-ICH. Minocycline given for either 5 or 14 days also provided no functional benefit as assessed with a battery of sensory-motor tests (i.e., staircase, cylinder, ladder tests). These findings raise questions about the ability of MC to provide protection in ICH when delay to treatment is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Szymanska
- Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University, Health Sciences Centre, St. John's, NL, Canada A1B 3V6
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27
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Ambra R, Rimbach G, de Pascual Teresa S, Fuchs D, Wenzel U, Daniel H, Virgili F. Genistein affects the expression of genes involved in blood pressure regulation and angiogenesis in primary human endothelial cells. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2006; 16:35-43. [PMID: 16399490 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2004] [Revised: 03/08/2005] [Accepted: 03/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several lines of evidence suggest that the dietary isoflavone genistein (Gen) has beneficial effects with regard to cardiovascular disease and in particular on aspects related to blood pressure and angiogenesis. The biological action of Gen may be, at least in part, attributed to its ability to affect cell signalling and response. However, so far, most of the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of Gen in the endothelium are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS To examine the transcriptional response to 2.5 microM Gen on primary human endothelial cells (HUVEC), we applied cDNA array technology both under baseline condition and after treatment with the pro-atherogenic stimulus, copper-oxidized LDL. The alteration of the expression patterns of individual transcripts was substantiated using either RT-PCR or Northern blotting. Gen significantly affected the expression of genes encoding for proteins centrally involved in the vascular tone such as endothelin-converting enzyme-1, endothelin-2, estrogen related receptor alpha and atrial natriuretic peptide receptor A precursor. Furthermore, Gen countered the effect of oxLDL on mRNA levels encoding for vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 165, types 1 and 2. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that physiologically achievable levels of Gen change the expression of mRNA encoding for proteins involved in the control of blood pressure under baseline conditions and reduce the angiogenic response to oxLDL in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ambra
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy
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28
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Abstract
Angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is required for many pathologic processes, including invasive tumor growth as well as physiologic organ/tissue maintenance. Angiogenesis during development and adulthood is likely regulated by a balance between endogenous proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors. It is speculated that tumor growth requires disruption of such balance; thus, the angiogenic switch must be turned "on" for cancer progression. If the angiogenic switch needs to be turned on to facilitate the tumor growth, the question remains as to what the physiologic status of this switch is in the adult human body; is it "off," with inhibitors outweighing the stimulators, or maintained at a fine "balance," keeping the proangiogenic properties of many factors at a delicate "activity" balance with endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis. The physiologic status of this balance is important to understand as it might determine an individual's predisposition to turn the switch on during pathologic events dependent on angiogenesis. Conceivably, if the physiologic angiogenesis balance in human population exists somewhere between off and even balance, an individual's capacity and rate to turn the switch on might reflect their normal physiologic angiogenic status. In this regard, although extensive knowledge has been gained in our understanding of endogenous growth factors that stimulate angiogenesis, the activities associated with endogenous inhibitors are poorly understood. In this review, we will present an overview of the knowledge gained in studies related to the identification and characterization of 27 different endogenous inhibitors of angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Nyberg
- Center for Matrix Biology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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29
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Losso JN, Bawadi HA. Hypoxia inducible factor pathways as targets for functional foods. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2005; 53:3751-68. [PMID: 15884793 DOI: 10.1021/jf0479719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The etiology of most chronic angiogenic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, diabetes complications, and cancer includes the presence of pockets of hypoxic cells growing behind aerobic cells and away from blood vessels. Hypoxic cells are the result of uncontrolled growth and insufficient vascularization and have undergone a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Cells respond to hypoxia by stimulating the expression of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF), which is critical for survival under hypoxic conditions and in embryogenesis. HIF is a heterodimer consisting of the O2-regulated subunit, HIF-1alpha, and the constitutively expressed aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator, HIF-1beta. Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha is stable, accumulates, and migrates to the nucleus where it binds to HIF-1beta to form the complex (HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta). Transcription is initiated by the binding of the complex (HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta) to hypoxia responsive elements (HREs). The complex [(HIF-1alpha + HIF-1beta) + HREs] stimulates the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, anaerobic metabolism, vascular permeability, and inflammation. Experimental and clinical evidence show that these hypoxic cells are the most aggressive and difficult angiogenic disease cells to treat and are a major reason for antiangiogenic and conventional treatment failure. Hypoxia occurs in early stages of disease development (before metastasis), activates angiogenesis, and stimulates vascular remodeling. HIF-1alpha has also been identified under aerobic conditions in certain types of cancer. This review summarizes the role of hypoxia in some chronic degenerative angiogenic diseases and discusses potential functional foods to target the HIF-1alpha pathways under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. It is reported that dietary quinones, semiquinones, phenolics, vitamins, amino acids, isoprenoids, and vasoactive compounds can down-regulate the HIF-1 pathways and therefore the expression of several proangiogenic factors. Considering the lack of efficiency or the side effects of synthetic antiangiogenic drugs at clinical trials, down-regulation of hypoxia-induced angiogenesis by use of naturally occurring functional foods may provide an effective means of prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack N Losso
- Food Protein Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, 111 Food Science Building, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA.
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30
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Fagan SC, Hess DC, Machado LS, Hohnadel EJ, Pollock DM, Ergul A. Tactics for Vascular Protection After Acute Ischemic Stroke. Pharmacotherapy 2005; 25:387-95. [PMID: 15843286 DOI: 10.1592/phco.25.3.387.61592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The vascular events that happen during ischemic stroke worsen outcomes in patients by causing edema, hemorrhagic transformation, and general neurologic tissue compromise. In the past 2 decades, clinical trials in patients after ischemic stroke focused on neuroprotection, but these strategies have failed in providing actual benefit. Vascular protection represents a new field to be explored in acute ischemic stroke in order to develop new approaches to therapeutic intervention. PURPOSE We identified tactics likely to provide vascular protection in patients with ischemic stroke. These tactics are based on knowledge of the molecular processes involved. SUMMARY OF REVIEW The pathologic processes due to vascular injury after an occlusion of a cerebral artery can be separated into acute (those occurring within hrs), subacute (hrs to days), and chronic (days to mo). Targets for intervention can be identified for all three stages. In the acute phase, superoxide is the predominant mediator, followed by inflammatory mediators and proteases in the subacute phase. In the chronic phase, proapoptotic gene products have been implicated. Many already-marketed therapeutic agents (statins, angiotensin modulators, erythropoietin, minocycline, and thiazolidinediones), with proven safety in patients, have been shown to have activity against some of the key targets of vascular protection. CONCLUSION Currently available pharmacologic agents are poised for clinical trials of vascular protection after acute ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C Fagan
- Program in Clinical and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia 30912-2450, USA.
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31
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Sasamura H, Takahashi A, Yuan J, Kitamura H, Masumori N, Miyao N, Itoh N, Tsukamoto T. Antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities of genistein in human renal cell carcinoma. Urology 2005; 64:389-93. [PMID: 15302513 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2004.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2003] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether genistein, an isoflavone that is plentiful in soy beans, could inhibit the growth of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cells in vitro, induce apoptosis, and suppress neovascularization in vivo induced by human RCC cells. METHODS We investigated the effect of genistein on cell proliferation in four human RCC cell lines, SMKT R-1, R-2, R-3, and R-4. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end-labeling assay was performed to examine whether genistein could induce apoptosis in SMKT R-1 cells. To evaluate the effect of genistein on in vivo angiogenesis, we used a new mouse dorsal air sac model in which we could evaluate it simply and quantitatively. Radioisotope-labeled red blood cells were injected into a tail vein in mice bearing a Millipore filter chamber containing genistein, and the vascular volume was examined by measuring the radioactivity of the mouse dorsal skin. RESULTS Treatment with genistein for 48 hours inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner and 100 microg/mL genistein inhibited it in a time-dependent manner. A dose of 50 microg/mL genistein clearly induced cell apoptosis. The vascular volume after implantation of the Millipore filter chamber containing RCC cells increased to threefold that without RCC cells. Genistein in the Millipore filter chamber significantly decreased the neovascularization induced by human RCC cells in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study demonstrated that genistein inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed in vivo angiogenesis in human RCC cells. Genistein may be a promising antitumorigenic and antiangiogenic agent for the treatment and prevention of RCC.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Renal Cell/pathology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor/physiology
- Diffusion Chambers, Culture
- Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
- Female
- Genistein/pharmacology
- Genistein/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Kidney Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/etiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Sasamura
- Department of Urology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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32
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Iwai A, Fujii Y, Kawakami S, Takazawa R, Kageyama Y, Yoshida MA, Kihara K. Down-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor in renal cell carcinoma cells by glucocorticoids. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2004; 226:11-7. [PMID: 15489000 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2004.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2003] [Accepted: 07/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic renal cell carcinomas (RCC) remain highly resistant to systemic therapy. RCCs are highly vascular tumors, which overproduce angiogenic peptides such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) even under normoxic conditions. A potential suggested role of antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies is the treatment of RCC by inhibiting VEGF production. The down-regulation of VEGF expression by glucocorticoids has recently been demonstrated in several cells. In this study, the direct effects of glucocorticoids on VEGF production by RCC cells were evaluated. Four RCC cell lines A498, RCC270, Caki1, and ACHN were treated with dexamethasone (DEX), hydrocortisone (HC), 5-alpha-dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or estradiol (E2). RU486 was used as a glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist. Cell growth was studied with MTS assays. VEGF mRNA and protein were evaluated with quantitative real-time RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively, and GR expression was examined using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. All four RCC cell lines expressed GR. DEX at 100 nM down-regulated VEGF secretions by more than 50% in three lines (A498, RCC270, and Caki1) and had a weak inhibitory effect on ACHN cells. The effect of DEX on reducing VEGF mRNA levels in A498 cells was concentration-dependent and maximal at 100 nM (80% inhibition). HC had similar but weaker effects on VEGF production in the RCC cells, but E2 and DHT had no effect. RU486 reversed the effects of DEX. DEX at 1-1000 nM did not affect cell growth in any of the four RCC cell lines. This is the first study showing that glucocorticoids, at concentrations achievable in vivo by oral administration of low doses of DEX, have an inhibitory effect on VEGF mRNA expression and protein secretion of RCC cells possibly through the GR pathway. Furthermore, DEX might have a potential role in antiangiogenic therapeutic strategies by inhibiting VEGF production during metastatic RCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Iwai
- Department of Urology and Reproductive Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan
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Abstract
For patients with urological cancers, immunotherapy is currently a treatment option for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and those with "high risk" superficial bladder cancers. In this review, our current understanding of tumour immune escape is discussed. The principles and role of current immunotherapies for these tumours are described, and new areas of immunotherapeutic promise are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R L Griffiths
- Department of Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.
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Qiao H, Sonoda KH, Sassa Y, Hisatomi T, Yoshikawa H, Ikeda Y, Murata T, Akira S, Ishibashi T. Abnormal retinal vascular development in IL-18 knockout mice. J Transl Med 2004; 84:973-80. [PMID: 15122309 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.3700115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that interleukin 18 (IL-18) might act as either an angiogenic or an angiostatic factor, but the true function of this protein in vascular development is unclear. We therefore investigated the role of IL-18 in the formation of retinal vessels. Development of the retinal vasculature was compared in IL-18 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice at several different time points. The formation of vessels was evaluated using angiography of flat-mounted retinal samples after inoculation with fluorescein dextran. Retinal samples from both groups were also evaluated through histological examinations, and the expression of angiogenic factors was examined using the reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. The capillary retinal vessels in both WT and IL-18 KO mice had reached the peripheral retina by postnatal day (P) 7. However, IL-18 KO mice showed angiectasis and vascular leakage at P7, especially in the mid-peripheral retina. These symptoms were not observed in WT mice at any stage. Histopathological analysis confirmed abnormal vascular formation in IL-18 KO mice at P14. Interestingly, these abnormalities regressed over time and had disappeared by P84. Several angiogenesis-associated factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast-growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), were overexpressed in the retinas of IL-18 KO mice compared with those of WT mice at P14. Interferon-gamma was detected only in WT mouse retinas at P14. These results provide new evidence for the role of IL-18 in retinal vascular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Qiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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35
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Ravindranath MH, Muthugounder S, Presser N, Viswanathan S. Anticancer therapeutic potential of soy isoflavone, genistein. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2004; 546:121-65. [PMID: 15584372 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4757-4820-8_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Genistein (4'5, 7-trihydroxyisoflavone) occurs as a glycoside (genistin) in the plant family Leguminosae, which includes the soybean (Glycine max). A significant correlation between the serum/plasma level of genistein and the incidence of gender-based cancers in Asian, European and American populations suggests that genistein may reduce the risk of tumor formation. Other evidence includes the mechanism of action of genistein in normal and cancer cells. Genistein inhibits protein tyrosine kinase (PTK), which is involved in phosphorylation of tyrosyl residues of membrane-bound receptors leading to signal transduction, and it inhibits topoisomerase II, which participates in DNA replication, transcription and repair. By blocking the activities of PTK, topoisomerase II and matrix metalloprotein (MMP9) and by down-regulating the expression of about 11 genes, including that of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), genistein can arrest cell growth and proliferation, cell cycle at G2/M, invasion and angiogenesis. Furthermore, genistein can alter the expression of gangliosides and other carbohydrate antigens to facilitate their immune recognition. Genistein acts synergistically with drugs such as tamoxifen, cisplatin, 1,3-bis 2-chloroethyl-1-nitrosourea (BCNU), dexamethasone, daunorubicin and tiazofurin, and with bioflavonoid food supplements such as quercetin, green-tea catechins and black-tea thearubigins. Genistein can augment the efficacy of radiation for breast and prostate carcinomas. Because it increases melanin production and tyrosinase activity, genistein can protect melanocytes of the skin of Caucasians from UV-B radiation-induced melanoma. Genistein-induced antigenic alteration has the potential for improving active specific immunotherapy of melanoma and carcinomas. When conjugated to B43 monoclonal antibody, genistein becomes a tool for passive immunotherapy to target B-lineage leukemias that overexpress the target antigen CD19. Genistein is also conjugated to recombinant EGF to target cancers overexpressing the EGF receptor. Although genistein has many potentially therapeutic actions against cancer, its biphasic bioactivity (inhibitory at high concentrations and activating at low concentrations) requires caution in determining therapeutic doses of genistein alone or in combination with chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or immunotherapies. Of the more than 4500 genistein studies in peer-reviewed primary publications, almost one fifth pertain to its antitumor capabilities and more than 400 describe its mechanism of action in normal and malignant human and animal cells, animal models, in vitro experiments, or phase I/II clinical trials. Several biotechnological firms in Japan, Australia and in the United States (e.g., Nutrilite) manufacture genistein as a natural supplement under quality controlled and assured conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mepur H Ravindranath
- Laboratory of Glycoimmunotherapy, John Wayne Cancer Institute, 2200 Santa Monica Blvd., Santa Monica, CA 90404-2302, USA.
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36
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Frazier JL, Wang PP, Case D, Tyler BM, Pradilla G, Weingart JD, Brem H. Local delivery of minocycline and systemic BCNU have synergistic activity in the treatment of intracranial glioma. J Neurooncol 2003; 64:203-9. [PMID: 14558595 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025695423097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Minocycline, a tetracycline derivative, has been shown to inhibit tumor angiogenesis through inhibitory effects on matrix metalloproteinases. Previous studies have shown this agent to be effective against a rodent brain tumor model when delivered intracranially and to potentiate the efficacy of standard chemotherapeutic agents. In the present study, the in vivo efficacy of intracranial minocycline delivered by a biodegradable controlled-release polymer against rat intracranial 9L gliosarcoma was investigated to determine whether it potentiates the effects of systemic 1,3-bis (2-chloroethyl)-1-nitrosourea (BCNU). Minocycline was incorporated into the biodegradable polymer polyanhydride poly[bis(p-carboxyphenoxy)propane-sebacic acid] (pCPP:SA) at a ratio of 50:50 by weight. The release kinetics of minocycline from the polymer were assessed. For the efficacy studies, female Fischer 344 rats were implanted with 9L glioma. Treatment with minocycline delivered by the pCPP:SA polymer at the time of tumor implantation resulted in 100% survival in contrast to untreated control animals that died within 21 days. Treatment with the minocycline-polymer 5 days after tumor implantation provided only modest increases in survival. The combination of intracranial minocycline and systemic BCNU extended median survival by 82% compared to BCNU alone (p < 0.0001) and 200% compared to no treatment (p < 0.004). We conclude that local intracranial delivery of minocycline from biodegradable controlled-release polymers inhibits tumor growth and may have clinical utility when combined with a chemotherapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- James L Frazier
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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37
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38
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Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is the proliferation of a network of blood vessels that penetrates into cancerous growths, supplying nutrients and oxygen and removing waste products. The process of angiogenesis plays an important role in many physiological and pathological conditions. Solid tumors depend on angiogenesis for growth and metastasis in a hostile environment. In the prevascular phase, the tumor is rarely larger than 2 to 3 mm3 and may contain a million or more cells. Up to this size, tumor cells can obtain the necessary oxygen and nutrient supplies required for growth and survival by simple passive diffusion. The properties of tumors to release and induce several angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors which play crucial roles in regulating endothelial cell (EC) proliferation, migration, apoptosis or survival, cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion through different intracellular signaling are thought to be the essential mechanisms during tumor-induced angiogenesis. Tumor angiogenesis actually starts with tumor cells releasing molecules that send signals to surrounding normal host tissue. This signaling activates certain genes in the host tissue that, in turn, make proteins to encourage growth of new blood vessels. In this review, we focus the mechanisms of tumor-induced angiogenesis, with an emphasis on the regulatory role of several angiogenic and anti-angiogenic agents during the angiogenic process in tumors. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of tumor angiogenesis have led to the development of several most effective anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic therapeutic agents and also have provided several techniques for the regulation of cancer's angiogenic switch. The suggestion is made that standard cytotoxic chemotherapy and angiogenesis inhibitors used in combination may produce complementary therapeutic benefits in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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39
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Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, is essential for endothelial cell differentiation (vasculogenesis) and for the sprouting of new capillaries from preexisting vessels (angiogenesis). In addition, there is strong evidence that VEGF is a survival factor allowing the cells to survive and proliferate under conditions of extreme stress. Hypoxia is a key regulator of VEGF gene expression. Besides hypoxia, many cytokines, hormones and growth factors can up-regulate VEGF mRNA expression in various cell types. VEGF is present in the glomerulus of both the fetal and adult kidney. The VEGF produced by glomerular epithelial cell may be responsible for maintenance of the fenestrated phenotype of glomerular epithelial cells, thus facilitating the high rate of glomerular ultrafiltration. But there is little known about the role of VEGF in the tubule. VEGF is thought to be involved in many kinds of kidney diseases. Whereas VEGF has a beneficial role in the pathogenesis in some diseases, it does harmful action in others. Because VEGF is known to be associated with the pathogenesis of some diseases, such as diabetic nephropathy, renal tumor and polycystic kidney disease, the study about the role of VEGF is going to be a target for disease control. On the other hand, an attempt at enhancing the role of VEGF has to be made at diseases like several ARF models and experimental glomerulonephritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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