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Flory A, Wilson-Robles H. Noninvasive Blood-Based Cancer Detection in Veterinary Medicine. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract 2024; 54:541-558. [PMID: 38195361 DOI: 10.1016/j.cvsm.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The past decade has seen incredible advances in blood-based cancer detection in people and in dogs - yet this represents only a glimpse of the benefits these tests can provide to patients. The clinical uses of this technology range from screening asymptomatic individuals for early detection to use as an aid in diagnosis when cancer is suspected, to cancer monitoring both during and after treatment. This article summarizes the benefits of early cancer detection and examines use cases and methods of blood-based cancer detection in dogs, including quantitative, qualitative, and alternative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Flory
- PetDx, 9310 Athena Circle, Suite 230, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
| | - Heather Wilson-Robles
- Volition Veterinary Diagnostics Development, LLC 1489 West Warm Springs Road Suite 110, Henderson, NV 89014, USA; Ethos Discovery, 10435 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, USA; The Oncology Service, United Veterinary Health, 6651 Backlick Road, Springfield, VA 22150, USA
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Mortlock SA, Asada MC, Soh PXY, Hsu WT, Lee C, Bennett PF, Taylor RM, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Genomic Analysis of Lymphoma Risk in Bullmastiff Dogs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:703. [PMID: 38133254 PMCID: PMC10747964 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10120703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Lymphoma is the most common haematological malignancy affecting dogs and has a high incidence in the Bullmastiff breed. The aim of this study was to identify risk loci predisposing this breed to the disease. The average age of lymphoma diagnosis in 55 cases was less than 6 years, similar to the median age of 64 cases from our clinical and pathology databases. When fine-scale population structure was explored using NETVIEW, cases were distributed throughout an extended pedigree. When genotyped cases (n = 49) and dogs from the control group (n = 281) were compared in a genome-wide association analysis of lymphoma risk, the most prominent associated regions were detected on CFA13 and CFA33. The top SNPs in a 5.4 Mb region on CFA13 were significant at a chromosome-wide level, and the region was fine-mapped to ~1.2 Mb (CFA13: 25.2-26.4 Mb; CanFam3.1) with four potential functional candidates, including the MYC proto-oncogene bHLH transcription factor (MYC) and a region syntenic with the human and mouse lncRNA Pvt1 oncogene (PVT1). A 380 Kb associated region at CFA33: 7.7-8.1 Mb contained the coding sequence for SUMO specific peptidase7 (SENP7) and NFK inhibitor zeta (NFKBIZ) genes. These genes have annotations related to cancer, amongst others, and both have functional links to MYC regulation. Genomic signatures identified in lymphoma cases suggest that increased risk contributed by the regions identified by GWAS may complement a complex predisposing genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A. Mortlock
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Monica C. Asada
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Wei-Tse Hsu
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Carol Lee
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Peter F. Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Rosanne M. Taylor
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
| | - Mehar S. Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia (M.S.K.)
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Fibi-Smetana S, Inglis C, Schuster D, Eberle N, Granados-Soler JL, Liu W, Krohn S, Junghanss C, Nolte I, Taher L, Murua Escobar H. The TiHoCL panel for canine lymphoma: a feasibility study integrating functional genomics and network biology approaches for comparative oncology targeted NGS panel design. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1301536. [PMID: 38144469 PMCID: PMC10748409 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) enables the identification of genomic variants in cancer patients with high sensitivity at relatively low costs, and has thus opened the era to personalized human oncology. Veterinary medicine tends to adopt new technologies at a slower pace compared to human medicine due to lower funding, nonetheless it embraces technological advancements over time. Hence, it is reasonable to assume that targeted NGS will be incorporated into routine veterinary practice in the foreseeable future. Many animal diseases have well-researched human counterparts and hence, insights gained from the latter might, in principle, be harnessed to elucidate the former. Here, we present the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel as a proof of concept, exemplifying how functional genomics and network approaches can be effectively used to leverage the wealth of information available for human diseases in the development of targeted sequencing panels for veterinary medicine. Specifically, the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel is a molecular tool for characterizing and stratifying canine lymphoma (CL) patients designed based on human non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) research outputs. While various single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been associated with high risk of developing NHL, poor prognosis and resistance to treatment in NHL patients, little is known about the genetics of CL. Thus, the ~100 SNPs featured in the TiHoCL targeted NGS panel were selected using functional genomics and network approaches following a literature and database search that shielded ~500 SNPs associated with, in nearly all cases, human hematologic malignancies. The TiHoCL targeted NGS panel underwent technical validation and preliminary functional assessment by sequencing DNA samples isolated from blood of 29 lymphoma dogs using an Ion Torrent™ PGM System achieving good sequencing run metrics. Our design framework holds new possibilities for the design of similar molecular tools applied to other diseases for which limited knowledge is available and will improve drug target discovery and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Fibi-Smetana
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - Camila Inglis
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniela Schuster
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Nina Eberle
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - José Luis Granados-Soler
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
- UQVETS Small Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD, Australia
| | - Wen Liu
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Saskia Krohn
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Christian Junghanss
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ingo Nolte
- Small Animal Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Leila Taher
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Graz University of Technology, Graz, Austria
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
- Division of Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-University, Erlangen, Germany
- Institute for Biostatistics and Informatics in Medicine and Ageing Research, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Hugo Murua Escobar
- Clinic for Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Care, Rostock University Medical Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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Soh PXY, Khatkar MS, Williamson P. Lymphoma in Border Collies: Genome-Wide Association and Pedigree Analysis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:581. [PMID: 37756103 PMCID: PMC10536503 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10090581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
There has been considerable interest in studying cancer in dogs and its potential as a model system for humans. One area of research has been the search for genetic risk variants in canine lymphoma, which is amongst the most common canine cancers. Previous studies have focused on a limited number of breeds, but none have included Border Collies. The aims of this study were to identify relationships between Border Collie lymphoma cases through an extensive pedigree investigation and to utilise relationship information to conduct genome-wide association study (GWAS) analyses to identify risk regions associated with lymphoma. The expanded pedigree analysis included 83,000 Border Collies, with 71 identified lymphoma cases. The analysis identified affected close relatives, and a common ancestor was identified for 54 cases. For the genomic study, a GWAS was designed to incorporate lymphoma cases, putative "carriers", and controls. A case-control GWAS was also conducted as a comparison. Both analyses showed significant SNPs in regions on chromosomes 18 and 27. Putative top candidate genes from these regions included DLA-79, WNT10B, LMBR1L, KMT2D, and CCNT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Xing Yi Soh
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mehar Singh Khatkar
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, SA 5371, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia;
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Zaccone R, Renzi A, Chalfon C, Lenzi J, Bellei E, Marconato L, Ros E, Rigillo A, Bettini G, Faroni E, Guerra D, Sabattini S. Environmental risk factors for the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma in cats. J Vet Intern Med 2022; 36:1398-1408. [PMID: 35633064 PMCID: PMC9308430 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) in cats are derived from a single study dated almost 20 years ago. The relationship between inflammation of oral tissues and OSCC is still unclear. OBJECTIVES To investigate previously proposed and novel potential risk factors for OSCC development, including oral inflammatory diseases. ANIMALS Hundred cats with OSCC, 70 cats with chronic gingivostomatitis (CGS), 63 cats with periodontal disease (PD), and 500 controls. METHODS Prospective, observational case-control study. Cats with OSCC were compared with an age-matched control sample of client-owned cats and cats with CGS or PD. Owners of cats completed an anonymous questionnaire including demographic, environmental and lifestyle information. RESULTS On multivariable logistic regression, covariates significantly associated with an increased risk of OSCC were rural environment (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.03-3.04; P = .04), outdoor access (OR: 1.68; 95% CI: 1.07-2.63; P = .02), environmental tobacco smoke (OR: 1.77; 95% CI: 1.05-3; P = .03), and petfood containing chemical additives (OR: 1.98; 95% CI: 1.04-3.76; P = .04). Risk factors shared with CGS and PD were outdoor access and petfood containing chemical additives, respectively. A history of oral inflammation was reported in 35% of cats with OSCC but did not emerge as a risk factor. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE The study proposes novel potential risk factors for OSCC in cats. Although a history of inflammatory oral disease was not significantly more frequent compared with random age-matched controls, OSCC shared several risk factors with CGS and PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Zaccone
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Renzi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carmit Chalfon
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emma Bellei
- I Portoni Rossi Veterinary Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Laura Marconato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Rigillo
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuliano Bettini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Eugenio Faroni
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Dina Guerra
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Sabattini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Clinical validation of a next-generation sequencing-based multi-cancer early detection "liquid biopsy" blood test in over 1,000 dogs using an independent testing set: The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266623. [PMID: 35471999 PMCID: PMC9041869 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death in dogs, yet there are no established screening paradigms for early detection. Liquid biopsy methods that interrogate cancer-derived genomic alterations in cell-free DNA in blood are being adopted for multi-cancer early detection in human medicine and are now available for veterinary use. The CANcer Detection in Dogs (CANDiD) study is an international, multi-center clinical study designed to validate the performance of a novel multi-cancer early detection “liquid biopsy” test developed for noninvasive detection and characterization of cancer in dogs using next-generation sequencing (NGS) of blood-derived DNA; study results are reported here. In total, 1,358 cancer-diagnosed and presumably cancer-free dogs were enrolled in the study, representing the range of breeds, weights, ages, and cancer types seen in routine clinical practice; 1,100 subjects met inclusion criteria for analysis and were used in the validation of the test. Overall, the liquid biopsy test demonstrated a 54.7% (95% CI: 49.3–60.0%) sensitivity and a 98.5% (95% CI: 97.0–99.3%) specificity. For three of the most aggressive canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma), the detection rate was 85.4% (95% CI: 78.4–90.9%); and for eight of the most common canine cancers (lymphoma, hemangiosarcoma, osteosarcoma, soft tissue sarcoma, mast cell tumor, mammary gland carcinoma, anal sac adenocarcinoma, malignant melanoma), the detection rate was 61.9% (95% CI: 55.3–68.1%). The test detected cancer signal in patients representing 30 distinct cancer types and provided a Cancer Signal Origin prediction for a subset of patients with hematological malignancies. Furthermore, the test accurately detected cancer signal in four presumably cancer-free subjects before the onset of clinical signs, further supporting the utility of liquid biopsy as an early detection test. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that NGS-based liquid biopsy can offer a novel option for noninvasive multi-cancer detection in dogs.
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Szczerbal I, Switonski M. Clinical Cytogenetics of the Dog: A Review. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:947. [PMID: 33801756 PMCID: PMC8066086 DOI: 10.3390/ani11040947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The dog is an important companion animal and has been recognized as a model in biomedical research. Its karyotype is characterized by a high chromosome number (2n = 78) and by the presence of one-arm autosomes, which are mostly small in size. This makes the dog a difficult subject for cytogenetic studies. However, there are some chromosome abnormalities that can be easily identified, such as sex chromosome aneuploidies, XX/XY leukocyte chimerism, and centric fusions (Robertsonian translocations). Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the use of whole-chromosome painting or locus-specific probes has improved our ability to identify and characterize chromosomal abnormalities, including reciprocal translocations. The evaluation of sex chromosome complement is an important diagnostic step in dogs with disorders of sex development (DSD). In such cases, FISH can detect the copy number variants (CNVs) associated with the DSD phenotype. Since cancers are frequently diagnosed in dogs, cytogenetic evaluation of tumors has also been undertaken and specific chromosome mutations for some cancers have been reported. However, the study of meiotic, gamete, and embryo chromosomes is not very advanced. Knowledge of canine genome organization and new molecular tools, such as aCGH (array comparative genome hybridization), SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) microarray, and ddPCR (droplet digital PCR) allow the identification of chromosomal rearrangements. It is anticipated that the comprehensive use of chromosome banding, FISH, and molecular techniques will substantially improve the diagnosis of chromosome abnormalities in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marek Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
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Smith PAD, Waugh EM, Crichton C, Jarrett RF, Morris JS. The prevalence and characterisation of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in canine B-cell lymphoma. Vet J 2020; 266:105575. [PMID: 33323169 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The genetic and mutational basis of canine lymphoma remains poorly understood. Several genes, including TRAF3 and POT1, are mutated in canine B-cell lymphoma (cBCL), and are likely involved in the pathogenesis of this disease. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in a cohort of dogs with cBCL, compared to dogs with non-cBCL diseases (including four dogs with T-cell lymphoma [cTCL]). Forty-nine dogs were included (n = 24 cBCL; n = 25 non-cBCL). Eleven dogs had matched non-tumour DNA assessed to determine if mutations were germline or somatic. All dogs had TRAF3 and POT1 assessed by Sanger sequencing. The prevalence of deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations in cBCL was 36% and 17%, respectively. A deleterious TRAF3 mutation was suspected to be germline in 1/5 cases with matched non-tumour DNA available for comparison. Deleterious mutations were not found in specimens from the non-cBCL group. Several synonymous variants were identified in both genes in cBCL and non-cBCL samples, which likely represent polymorphisms. These results indicate TRAF3 and POT1 mutations are common in cBCL. Deleterious TRAF3 and POT1 mutations were only identified in dogs with cBCL, and not in dogs with non-cBCL diseases, suggesting they are important in the pathogenesis of cBCL. Future studies to investigate the prognostic and therapeutic implications of these mutations are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A D Smith
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK.
| | - E M Waugh
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Crichton
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - R F Jarrett
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
| | - J S Morris
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, G61 1QH, Glasgow, UK
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Pawlak A, Henklewska M. The Role of Bcl-xL Protein Research in Veterinary Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072511. [PMID: 32260403 PMCID: PMC7177433 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to their significant impact on human and animal health, cancer diseases are an area of considerable concern for both human and veterinary medicine. Research on the cancer pathogenesis in companion animals, such as dogs, allows not only for improving canine cancer treatment, but also for translating the results into human oncology. Disruption of apoptosis in tumor-transformed cells is a well-known mechanism leading to the development of cancer. One of the main factors involved in this process are proteins belonging to the B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) family, and the imbalance between pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic members of this family contributes to the development of cancer. Studies on the function of these proteins, including B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL), have also been intensively conducted in companion animals. The Bcl-xL gene was sequenced and found to share over 99% homology with the human protein. Research showed that the Bcl-2 family plays the same role in human and canine cells, and data from studies in dogs are fully translatable to other species, including humans. The role of this protein family in cancer development was also confirmed. The article presents the current state of knowledge on the importance of the Bcl-xL protein in veterinary oncology.
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Avery AC. The Genetic and Molecular Basis for Canine Models of Human Leukemia and Lymphoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:23. [PMID: 32038991 PMCID: PMC6992561 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging details of the gene expression and mutational features of canine lymphoma and leukemia demonstrate areas of similarities and differences between disease subsets in the humans and dogs. Many features of canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma resemble the ABC form of human DLBCL, including constitutive activation of the NF-kB pathway, and almost universal presence of double expressing MYC/BCL2 lymphomas. Frequent TRAF3 mutations and absence of BCL6 expression are differences with the human disease that need further exploration. Canine peripheral T-cell lymphoma is more common in dogs than in people and behaves in a similarly aggressive manner. Common features of canine and human PTCL include activation of the PI3 kinase pathways, loss of PTEN, and the tumor suppressor CDKN2. There is insufficient data available yet to determine if canine PTCL exhibits the GATA3-TBX21 dichotomy seen in people. Common to all forms of canine lymphoproliferative disease are breed-specific predilections for subsets of disease. This is particularly striking in PTCL, with the Boxer breed being dramatically overrepresented. Breed-specific diseases provide an opportunity for uncovering genetic and environmental risk factors that can aid early diagnosis and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne C Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
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11
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Melendez-Lazo A, Jasensky AK, Jolly-Frahija IT, Kehl A, Müller E, Mesa-Sánchez I. Clonality testing in the lymph nodes from dogs with lymphadenomegaly due to Leishmania infantum infection. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226336. [PMID: 31841533 PMCID: PMC6913964 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In southern European countries, multicentric lymphoma and leishmaniosis are the main differential diagnoses in dogs presented with generalized lymphadenomegaly. The cytological examination is in some cases inconclusive and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for antigen receptor rearrangement (PARR) has become a common method to confirm or rule out a lymphoproliferative neoplasia. According to the literature, leishmaniosis may lead to clonal arrangements and therefore to a false diagnosis of lymphoma, but this assumption is made from a single leishmania infected dog. Therefore, the objective of this study was to prospectively evaluate results from PARR in dogs with lymphadenomegaly due to clinical leishmaniosis at the moment of diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 31 dogs with a diagnosis of leishmaniosis based on the LeishVet guidelines were included in the study. Samples from enlarged lymph nodes were taken for cytological examination, clonality testing and Leishmania infantum PCR. RESULTS All 31 dogs had medium to high positive antibody titers against Leishmania spp. and 30/31 had a positive Leishmania PCR from the lymph node. A polyclonal arrangement for B cells (immunoglobulin heavy chain gene) and T cells (T-cell receptor gamma chain gene) antigen receptors was found in 28/31 dogs. Two out of 31 dogs showed a monoclonal arrangement for Ig with high (1:2) and low (1:7) polyclonal background respectively; and one of the 31 dogs showed a monoclonal arrangement for T cell receptor with low (1:3) polyclonal background. CONCLUSION Infections with Leishmania infantum resulted in clonal rearrangement, and therefore in a possible false diagnosis of lymphoma, in 3 out of 31 dogs (9.7%). Although, PARR is a useful method to differentiate lymphoma from reactive lymphoid hyperplasia in dogs with leishmaniosis, mono-/biclonal results should be interpreted carefully, especially in the presence of any degree of polyclonal background, and together with other clinicopathological findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Melendez-Lazo
- LABOKLIN GmbH & Co. KG, Bad Kissingen, Germany
- Laboratorio Veterinario LABOKLIN, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Veterinario Puchol, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
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12
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Comprehensive Genomic Profiling of Androgen-Receptor-Negative Canine Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071555. [PMID: 30925701 PMCID: PMC6480132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine carcinomas have been considered natural models for human diseases; however, the genomic profile of canine prostate cancers (PCs) has not been explored. In this study, 14 PC androgen-receptor-negative cases, 4 proliferative inflammatory atrophies (PIA), and 5 normal prostate tissues were investigated by array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH). Copy number alterations (CNAs) were assessed using the Canine Genome CGH Microarray 4 × 44K (Agilent Technologies). Genes covered by recurrent CNAs were submitted to enrichment and cross-validation analysis. In addition, the expression levels of TP53, MDM2 and ZBTB4 were evaluated in an independent set of cases by qPCR. PC cases presented genomic complexity, while PIA samples had a small number of CNAs. Recurrent losses covering well-known tumor suppressor genes, such as ATM, BRCA1, CDH1, MEN1 and TP53, were found in PC. The in silico functional analysis showed several cancer-related genes associated with canonical pathways and interaction networks previously described in human PC. The MDM2, TP53, and ZBTB4 copy number alterations were translated into altered expression levels. A cross-validation analysis using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database for human PC uncovered similarities between canine and human PCs. Androgen-receptor-negative canine PC is a complex disease characterized by high genomic instability, showing a set of genes with similar alterations to human cancer.
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13
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Cheng KY, Soh PXY, Bennett PF, Williamson P. Lymphoma in Australian Border Collies: survey results and pedigree analyses. Aust Vet J 2019; 97:14-22. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- KY Cheng
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - PXY Soh
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - PF Bennett
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - P Williamson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, Evelyn Williams Building B10; The University of Sydney; New South Wales 2006 Australia
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14
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15
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Structural and copy number chromosome abnormalities in canine cutaneous mast cell tumours. J Appl Genet 2018; 60:63-70. [DOI: 10.1007/s13353-018-0471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Ostrander EA, Wayne RK, Freedman AH, Davis BW. Demographic history, selection and functional diversity of the canine genome. Nat Rev Genet 2017; 18:705-720. [DOI: 10.1038/nrg.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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17
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Li H, Tong J, Bao J, Tang D, Tian W, Liu Y. Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether combined with He-Ne laser irradiation-induced apoptosis in canine breast cancer cells through the mitochondrial pathway. J Vet Sci 2017; 17:235-42. [PMID: 26645330 PMCID: PMC4921672 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2016.17.2.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) combined with He-Ne laser irradiation is a novel and promising photodynamic therapy (PDT)-induced apoptosis that can be applied in vitro on canine breast cancer cells. However, the exact pathway responsible for HMME-PDT in canine breast cancer cells remains unknown. CHMm cells morphology and apoptosis were analyzed using optical microscope, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling fluorescein staining and DNA ladder assays. Apoptotic pathway was further confirmed by Real-time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting assays. Our results showed that HMME-PDT induced significant changes in cell morphology, such as formation of cytoplasmic vacuoles and the gradual rounding of cells coupled with decreased size and detachment. DNA fragmentation and cell death was shown to occur in a time-dependent manner. Furthermore, HMME-PDT increased the activities of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and released cytochrome c from mitochondria into the cytoplasm. HMME-PDT also significantly increased both mRNA and protein levels of Bax and decreased P53 gene expression in a time-dependent manner, while the mRNA and protein expression of Bcl-2 were repressed. These alterations suggest that HMME-PDT induced CHMm cell apoptosis via the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and had anti-canine breast cancer effects in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huatao Li
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jun Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.,Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Wenru Tian
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Clinic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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18
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Aresu L. Canine Lymphoma, More Than a Morphological Diagnosis: What We Have Learned about Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma. Front Vet Sci 2016; 3:77. [PMID: 27630997 PMCID: PMC5006005 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2016.00077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common canine aggressive B-cell lymphoma worldwide, and new recent molecular approaches have shown that DLBCL constitutes a heterogeneous tumor that cannot be unraveled by morphology and immunophenotype. DLBCL behaves aggressively, typically progressing over a short period of time, and the therapy response may be difficult to be predicted. Recently, the rate of bone marrow infiltration by flow cytometry has been demonstrated to be prognostic, but more sensible markers are needed. As the clinical behavior is different, there is vast clinical and basic research devoted to identifying prognostically or biologically distinct DLBCL subgroups. Transcriptomic analysis by gene expression profile, copy number variations by array comparative genomic hybridization and epigenetic perturbations have tentatively described this heterogeneity. Molecular subgroups using oncogenic pathways and target genes have also been correlated to different outcome in a small number of cases. The objectives of this review are to summarize the current knowledge on the biology, clinical, and pathological characteristics of canine DLBCL. To date, DLBCL probably is the most investigated tumor in veterinary medicine, and its relevance as spontaneous model for human DLBCL has been confirmed by these studies. In future, these discoveries will ultimately lead to a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms, possibly translating into more effective therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Aresu
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Aresu,
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19
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Curran KM, Schaffer PA, Frank CB, Lana SE, Hamil LE, Burton JH, Labadie J, Ehrhart EJ, Avery PR. BCL2 and MYC are expressed at high levels in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma but are not predictive for outcome in dogs treated with CHOP chemotherapy. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1269-1279. [PMID: 27514648 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common haematopoietic malignancy in dogs. Recently, MYC and BCL2 expression levels determined with immunohistochemistry (IHC) were found to be prognostic in people with DLBCL. We hypothesized that canine DLBCL can be similarly subdivided into prognostic subtypes based on expression of MYC and BCL2. Cases of canine DLBCL treated with CHOP chemotherapy were retrospectively collected and 43 dogs had available histologic tissue and complete clinical follow-up. Median values of percent immunoreactive versus immunonegative cells were used to determine positive or negative expression status. Completion of CHOP was significantly associated with a positive outcome. Compared with human patients, our canine DLBCL patients had high IHC expression of both MYC and BCL2, and relative expression levels of one or both markers were not associated with clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Curran
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - P A Schaffer
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - C B Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - S E Lana
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - L E Hamil
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J H Burton
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - J Labadie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - E J Ehrhart
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - P R Avery
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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20
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Drážovská M, Šiviková K, Dianovský J, Horňák M. Comparative genomic hybridization in detection of DNA changes in canine lymphomas. Anim Sci J 2016; 88:27-32. [PMID: 27112539 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this study, chromosomal imbalances in tumor tissues (lymphomas) and nucleotide changes in tumor suppressor TP53 were studied in a Bernese Mountain dog bitch and a cross breed bitch. Using comparative genomic hybridization, numerous chromosomal rearrangements were detected, which indicated the heterogeneity in tumor growth: in the cross breed bitch, a deletion on the chromosome 9, and duplications on chromosomes 5, 8 and 17 have been found. In the Bernese Mountain Dog bitch, losses on chromosomes 1, 5, 8, 12, 18, 22, 27, 29 and gains on chromosomes 1, 2, 9, 11, 15, 16, 18, 20, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29, 30, 34, 36, 37 and 38 were identified. With the sequencing of the TP53 gene, one silent mutation, transition A/G at position 138 in exon 5 was detected, without changing the amino acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Drážovská
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Šiviková
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Ján Dianovský
- Institute of Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Miroslav Horňák
- Department of Genetics and Reproduction, CEITEC - Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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21
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Shapiro SG, Raghunath S, Williams C, Motsinger-Reif AA, Cullen JM, Liu T, Albertson D, Ruvolo M, Bergstrom Lucas A, Jin J, Knapp DW, Schiffman JD, Breen M. Canine urothelial carcinoma: genomically aberrant and comparatively relevant. Chromosome Res 2015; 23:311-31. [PMID: 25783786 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-015-9471-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Urothelial carcinoma (UC), also referred to as transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), is the most common bladder malignancy in both human and canine populations. In human UC, numerous studies have demonstrated the prevalence of chromosomal imbalances. Although the histopathology of the disease is similar in both species, studies evaluating the genomic profile of canine UC are lacking, limiting the discovery of key comparative molecular markers associated with driving UC pathogenesis. In the present study, we evaluated 31 primary canine UC biopsies by oligonucleotide array comparative genomic hybridization (oaCGH). Results highlighted the presence of three highly recurrent numerical aberrations: gain of dog chromosome (CFA) 13 and 36 and loss of CFA 19. Regional gains of CFA 13 and 36 were present in 97 % and 84 % of cases, respectively, and losses on CFA 19 were present in 77 % of cases. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), using targeted bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones and custom Agilent SureFISH probes, was performed to detect and quantify these regions in paraffin-embedded biopsy sections and urine-derived urothelial cells. The data indicate that these three aberrations are potentially diagnostic of UC. Comparison of our canine oaCGH data with that of 285 human cases identified a series of shared copy number aberrations. Using an informatics approach to interrogate the frequency of copy number aberrations across both species, we identified those that had the highest joint probability of association with UC. The most significant joint region contained the gene PABPC1, which should be considered further for its role in UC progression. In addition, cross-species filtering of genome-wide copy number data highlighted several genes as high-profile candidates for further analysis, including CDKN2A, S100A8/9, and LRP1B. We propose that these common aberrations are indicative of an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of pathogenesis and harbor genes key to urothelial neoplasia, warranting investigation for diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
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22
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Bryan JN. Fetal Microchimerism in Cancer Protection and Promotion: Current Understanding in Dogs and the Implications for Human Health. AAPS JOURNAL 2015; 17:506-12. [PMID: 25693490 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-015-9731-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Fetal microchimerism is the co-existence of small numbers of cells from genetically distinct individuals living within a mother's body following pregnancy. During pregnancy, bi-directional exchange of cells occurs resulting in maternal microchimerism and even sibling microchimerism in offspring. The presence of fetal microchimerism has been identified with lower frequency in patients with cancers such as breast and lymphoma and with higher frequency in patients with colon cancer and autoimmune diseases. Microchimeric cells have been identified in healing and healed tissues as well as normal and tumor tissues. This has led to the hypothesis that fetal microchimerism may play a protective role in some cancers and may provoke other cancers or autoimmune disease. The long periods of risk for these diseases make it a challenge to prospectively study this phenomenon in human populations. Dogs get similar cancers as humans, share our homes and environmental exposures, and live compressed life-spans, allowing easier prospective study of disease development. This review describes the current state of understanding of fetal microchimerism in humans and dogs and highlights the similarities of the common cancers mammary carcinoma, lymphoma, and colon cancer between the two species. Study of fetal microchimerism in dogs might hold the key to characterization of the type and function of microchimeric cells and their role in health and disease. Such an understanding could then be applied to preventing and treating disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey N Bryan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri-Columbia, 900 E. Campus Drive, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, United States of America,
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23
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Abstract
Key Points
TRAF3 is genetically inactivated in a substantial fraction of cBCLs. Focal genetic loss of TRAF3 is recurrent in human DLBCLs.
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24
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Gaurnier-Hausser A, Mason NJ. Assessment of canonical NF-κB activity in canine diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Methods Mol Biol 2015; 1280:469-504. [PMID: 25736768 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-2422-6_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Companion dogs with spontaneous malignancies are clinically relevant models in which to study the corresponding human diseases and potential therapies. In both dogs and people, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) is the most common hematopoietic malignancy. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common NHL subtype in dogs and people, sharing similar biologic, behavioral, genetic, and molecular characteristics in both species. One such molecular characteristic is the constitutive activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway, which in health regulates the expression of target genes that control cellular proliferation, survival, and immune and inflammatory responses as well as multidrug resistance. We found that canine and human DLBCL patients share similar NF-κB activity profiles. Using the cell-permeable NBD peptide, which blocks NF-κB signaling, we inhibited constitutive NF-κB activity and induced apoptosis of primary canine malignant B cells in vitro. In addition, we found that NBD peptide administration to dogs with relapsed B-cell lymphoma inhibited the expression of NF-κB target genes and reduced tumor burden. In this chapter, we describe our methods for processing canine malignant lymphoid tissue. We also describe our methods for treating the lymphocytes isolated from this tissue with NBD peptide and evaluating constitutive canonical NF-κB activity in these cells via immunoblot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). We highlight the nuances of working with canine primary cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gaurnier-Hausser
- Department of Professional Studies in the Health Sciences, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA
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25
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Daly JA, Mortlock SA, Taylor RM, Williamson P. Cluster Analysis of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Canine Leukocytes Identifies Activation State. Bioinform Biol Insights 2015; 9:59-67. [PMID: 27478369 PMCID: PMC4955975 DOI: 10.4137/bbi.s30523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells of the immune system undergo activation and subsequent proliferation in the normal course of an immune response. Infrequently, the molecular and cellular events that underlie the mechanisms of proliferation are dysregulated and may lead to oncogenesis, leading to tumor formation. The most common forms of immunological cancers are lymphomas, which in dogs account for 8%–20% of all cancers, affecting up to 1.2% of the dog population. Key genes involved in negatively regulating proliferation of lymphocytes include a group classified as tumor suppressor genes (TSGs). These genes are also known to be associated with progression of lymphoma in humans, mice, and dogs and are potential candidates for pathological grading and diagnosis. The aim of the present study was to analyze TSG profiles in stimulated leukocytes from dogs to identify genes that discriminate an activated phenotype. A total of 554 TSGs and three gene set collections were analyzed from microarray data. Cluster analysis of three subsets of genes discriminated between stimulated and unstimulated cells. These included 20 most upregulated and downregulated TSGs, TSG in hallmark gene sets significantly enriched in active cells, and a selection of candidate TSGs, p15 (CDKN2B), p18 (CDKN2C), p19 (CDKN1A), p21 (CDKN2A), p27 (CDKN1B), and p53 (TP53) in the third set. Analysis of two subsets suggested that these genes or a subset of these genes may be used as a specialized PCR set for additional analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne Daly
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Sally-Anne Mortlock
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rosanne M Taylor
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Williamson
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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26
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Alvarez CE. Naturally Occurring Cancers in Dogs: Insights for Translational Genetics and Medicine. ILAR J 2014; 55:16-45. [DOI: 10.1093/ilar/ilu010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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27
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Di Cerbo A, Palmieri B, De Vico G, Iannitti T. Onco-epidemiology of domestic animals and targeted therapeutic attempts: perspectives on human oncology. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2014; 140:1807-14. [PMID: 24816783 PMCID: PMC4196033 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-014-1664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The spontaneous tumor biology has been investigated with the support of animalists using animals as a preclinical model allowing translation of results in clinical practice. This review provides an insight into the field of comparative oncology. Evidence shows that companion animal health care is impressively growing in terms of development of new therapies and diagnostic tools, nutrition and disease prevention. However, even if most animal tumors might be a reliable model to study human carcinomas, many open questions, related to the opportunities to select and recruit new models in oncology, along with their legal and ethical implications, remain unanswered.
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Fujiwara-Igarashi A, Goto-Koshino Y, Sato M, Maeda S, Igarashi H, Takahashi M, Fujino Y, Ohno K, Tsujimoto H. Prognostic significance of the expression levels of the p16, p15, and p14 genes in dogs with high-grade lymphoma. Vet J 2014; 199:236-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Beck J, Hennecke S, Bornemann-Kolatzki K, Urnovitz HB, Neumann S, Ströbel P, Kaup FJ, Brenig B, Schütz E. Genome aberrations in canine mammary carcinomas and their detection in cell-free plasma DNA. PLoS One 2013; 8:e75485. [PMID: 24098698 PMCID: PMC3787092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0075485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammary tumors are the most frequent cancers in female dogs exhibiting a variety of histopathological differences. There is lack of knowledge about the genomes of these common dog tumors. Five tumors of three different histological subtypes were evaluated. Massive parallel sequencing (MPS) was performed in comparison to the respective somatic genome of each animal. Copy number and structural aberrations were validated using droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). Using mate-pair sequencing chromosomal aneuploidies were found in two tumors, frequent smaller deletions were found in one, inter-chromosomal fusions in one other, whereas one tumor was almost normal. These aberrations affect several known cancer associated genes such as cMYC, and KIT. One common deletion of the proximal end of CFA27, harboring the tumor suppressor gene PFDN5 was detected in four tumors. Using ddPCR, this deletion was validated and detected in 50% of tumors (N = 20). Breakpoint specific dPCRs were established for four tumors and tumor specific cell-free DNA (cfDNA) was detected in the plasma. In one animal tumor-specific cfDNA was found >1 year after surgery, attributable to a lung metastasis. Paired-end sequencing proved that copy-number imbalances of the tumor are reflected by the cfDNA. This report on chromosomal instability of canine mammary cancers reveals similarities to human breast cancers as well as special canine alterations. This animal model provides a framework for using MPS for screening for individual cancer biomarkers with cost effective confirmation and monitoring using ddPCR. The possibility exists that ddPCR can be expanded to screening for common cancer related variants.
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Breed-predispositions to cancer in pedigree dogs. ISRN VETERINARY SCIENCE 2013; 2013:941275. [PMID: 23738139 PMCID: PMC3658424 DOI: 10.1155/2013/941275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a common problem in dogs and although all breeds of dog and crossbred dogs may be affected, it is notable that some breeds of pedigree dogs appear to be at increased risk of certain types of cancer suggesting underlying genetic predisposition to cancer susceptibility. Although the aetiology of most cancers is likely to be multifactorial, the limited genetic diversity seen in purebred dogs facilitates genetic linkage or association studies on relatively small populations as compared to humans, and by using newly developed resources, genome-wide association studies in dog breeds are proving to be a powerful tool for unravelling complex disorders. This paper will review the literature on canine breed susceptibility to histiocytic sarcoma, osteosarcoma, haemangiosarcoma, mast cell tumours, lymphoma, melanoma, and mammary tumours including the recent advances in knowledge through molecular genetic, cytogenetic, and genome wide association studies.
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31
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Hematopoietic Tumors. WITHROW AND MACEWEN'S SMALL ANIMAL CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2013. [PMCID: PMC7161412 DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4377-2362-5.00032-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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32
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Shiomitsu K, Bauer RW, Grasperge BJ, Suter SE, Waite KJ. Cutaneous epitheliotropic lymphoma with dual CD3 and c-kit expression in a dog. Vet Clin Pathol 2012; 41:594-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-165x.2012.00477.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keijiro Shiomitsu
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
| | - Rudy W. Bauer
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
| | - Britton J. Grasperge
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
| | - Steven E. Suter
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; North Carolina State University; Raleigh; NC; USA
| | - Kyle J. Waite
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences; Louisiana State University; Baton Rouge; LA; USA
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Rütgen BC, Willenbrock S, Reimann-Berg N, Walter I, Fuchs-Baumgartinger A, Wagner S, Kovacic B, Essler SE, Schwendenwein I, Nolte I, Saalmüller A, Murua Escobar H. Authentication of primordial characteristics of the CLBL-1 cell line prove the integrity of a canine B-cell lymphoma in a murine in vivo model. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40078. [PMID: 22761949 PMCID: PMC3386195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell lines are key tools in cancer research allowing the generation of neoplasias in animal models resembling the initial tumours able to mimic the original neoplasias closely in vivo. Canine lymphoma is the major hematopoietic malignancy in dogs and considered as a valuable spontaneous large animal model for human Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL). Herein we describe the establishment and characterisation of an in vivo model using the canine B-cell lymphoma cell line CLBL-1 analysing the stability of the induced tumours and the ability to resemble the original material. CLBL-1 was injected into Rag2(-/-)γ(c) (-/-) mice. The generated tumor material was analysed by immunophenotyping and histopathology and used to establish the cell line CLBL-1M. Both cell lines were karyotyped for detection of chromosomal aberrations. Additionally, CLBL-1 was stimulated with IL-2 and DSP30 as described for primary canine B-cell lymphomas and NHL to examine the stimulatory effect on cell proliferation. CLBL-1 in vivo application resulted in lymphoma-like disease and tumor formation. Immunophenotypic analysis of tumorous material showed expression of CD45(+), MHCII(+), CD11a(+) and CD79αcy(+). PARR analysis showed positivity for IgH indicating a monoclonal character. These cytogenetic, molecular, immunophenotypical and histological characterisations of the in vivo model reveal that the induced tumours and thereof generated cell line resemble closely the original material. After DSP30 and IL-2 stimulation, CLBL-1 showed to respond in the same way as primary material. The herein described CLBL-1 in vivo model provides a highly stable tool for B-cell lymphoma research in veterinary and human medicine allowing various further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara C Rütgen
- Central Laboratory, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Marconato L, Gelain ME, Comazzi S. The dog as a possible animal model for human non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a review. Hematol Oncol 2012; 31:1-9. [PMID: 22674797 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoma represents the most frequent hematopoietic cancer in dogs, and it shows significant overlap with the human disease. Several environmental factors have been associated with canine lymphoma, suggesting that they may contribute to lymphomagenesis. Canine lymphoma often presents in advanced stage (III-V) at diagnosis and, most commonly, has an aggressive clinical course requiring prompt treatment, which relies on the use of polychemotherapy. In this review, we will summarize the state-of-the-art of canine lymphoma epidemiology, pathobiology, diagnostic work-up and therapy, and will highlight the links to the corresponding human disease, providing evidence for the use of dog as an animal model of spontaneous disease.
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Huang SH, Kozak PJ, Kim J, Habineza-Ndikuyeze G, Meade C, Gaurnier-Hausser A, Patel R, Robertson E, Mason NJ. Evidence of an oncogenic gammaherpesvirus in domestic dogs. Virology 2012; 427:107-17. [PMID: 22405628 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In humans, chronic infection with the gammaherpesvirus Epstein-Barr virus is usually asymptomatic; however some infected individuals develop hematological and epithelial malignancies. The exact role of EBV in lymphomagenesis is poorly understood partly because of the lack of clinically relevant animal models. Here we report the detection of serological responses against EBV capsid antigens in healthy dogs and dogs with spontaneous lymphoma and that dogs with the highest antibody titers have B cell lymphoma. Moreover, we demonstrate the presence of EBV-like viral DNA and RNA sequences and Latent Membrane Protein-1 in malignant lymph nodes of dogs with lymphoma. Finally, electron microscopy of canine malignant B cells revealed the presence of classic herpesvirus particles. These findings suggest that dogs can be naturally infected with an EBV-like gammaherpesvirus that may contribute to lymphomagenesis and that dogs might represent a spontaneous model to investigate environmental and genetic factors that influence gammaherpesvirus-associated lymphomagenesis in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hung Huang
- Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6010, USA.
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36
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Regan RC, Kaplan MSW, Bailey DB. Diagnostic evaluation and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage-a high-grade multicentric lymphoma: results of a survey of veterinarians. Vet Comp Oncol 2012; 11:287-95. [PMID: 22380460 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2012.00318.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to survey veterinarians regarding their current initial diagnostic and treatment recommendations for dogs with substage-a high-grade multicentric lymphoma. A written survey was conducted at the 2009 Veterinary Cancer Society conference asking veterinarians to provide demographic information, initial staging diagnostics and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma. The most commonly recommended staging diagnostics were complete blood count (100%), chemistry panel (100%), urinalysis (85%), lymph node cytology (88%), thoracic radiographs (84%), immunophenotyping (76%) and abdominal ultrasound (75%). The most commonly used first-line B-cell protocols combined the drugs L-asparaginase, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine and prednisone (L-CHOP, 51%). CHOP (30%) and other CHOP-based protocols (12%) were used as well. Thirty-one percent of responders treated B- and T-cell lymphomas differently. Protocol lengths varied from ≤ 16 weeks to >2 years. Current staging and treatment recommendations for canine lymphoma are varied. Efforts to standardize recommendations should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Regan
- Department of Oncology, Oradell Animal Hospital, Paramus, NJ, USA
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37
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Escanilla N, Leiva M, Ordeix L, Peña T. Uveodermatologic lymphoma in two young related Portuguese water dogs. Vet Ophthalmol 2012; 15:345-50. [PMID: 22239173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2011.00981.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Canine lymphoma (CL) is one of the most common forms of spontaneous canine neoplasia. Improved understanding of the genetic and environmental factors associated with CL may provide benefits for the study of non-Hodgkin's and Hodgkin's lymphoma in humans. Uveodermatologic lymphoma is reported in a single household of Portuguese water dog, and the etiology is discussed. METHODS A 1-year-old female intact Portuguese water dog was referred to the Ophthalmology Service of the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Autonomous University of Barcelona because of acute blepharospasm of the right eye in association with a multinodular dermatosis. Physical and ophthalmological examination and a complete diagnostic work-up, including skin and ocular histopathology and immunohistochemistry, were performed. Three months prior, in Galicia (Spain), 1200 km away from Barcelona, a male dog of the same litter showed very similar oculodermatological clinical signs and skin histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were obtained. RESULTS The clinical diagnoses were anterior exudative uveitis, iridal masses, and secondary glaucoma. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed a nonepitheliotropic lymphoma rich in B cell in dog 1 and rich in T cell in dog 2. CONCLUSION It is proposed that an underlying genetic predisposition could have played a role in the development of lymphoma in these two young related dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natàlia Escanilla
- Servei d'Oftalmologia Veterinària, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Campus de la UAB, Edifici V. 08193. Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Ivanov S. Biochemical markers predicting response to radiation- and radiochemo-therapy in cancer patients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 58:635-50. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20125806635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In last years there is increasing interest in radiogenomics and the characterization of DNA array molecular profiles that can predict tumor and no tumor tissues radioresponse. Ongoing studies carried out worldwide in the banking of tumor and no tumor samples give evidence that perspective markers for response prediction in individual patient to intended radiation therapy can be some apoptotic indexes, spectrum a number of specific proteins, and DNA-based microarray molecular profiling analysis as well determination of single nucleotide polymorphisms in genome of the patients. So far there are only a few robust reports of molecular markers predicting tumor and no tumor tissues response to radiation. The results of new studies, which in future should be validated in larger definitive trials, are likely to see in nearest years. It is needed to determine technologies of methods and to define more precisely areas of its applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.D. Ivanov
- Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies
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Rezaie A, Tavassoli A. Protein 53 expression in a mixed Labrador subcutaneous lymphoma. VETERINARY RESEARCH FORUM : AN INTERNATIONAL QUARTERLY JOURNAL 2012; 3:147-9. [PMID: 25653762 PMCID: PMC4312811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
An 11 year - old mixed female Labrador was presented with two masses in trunk and neck. The tumoral masses were excised and sent for histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. Histopathological examination of masses revealed diffuse infiltration of small sized lymphoid cells in subcutaneous tissue which were intense around the blood vessels. More than 10% lymphoid cells were CD3 positive in the immunohistochemical staining and most of them were accumulated around vessels. Protein 53 (p53) expression was detected by brown nuclei in immunohistochemical staining. Subcutaneous lymphoma was diagnosed according to histopathological results. After 6 months the case was referred with multicentric lymphoma and based on the owner request euthanasia was performed. These findings emphasize on poor prognosis for tumors with p53 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annahita Rezaie
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran; ,Correspondence: Annahita Rezaie, DVM, DVSc , Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran. E-mail:
| | - Abbas Tavassoli
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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40
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Seiser EL, Thomas R, Richards KL, Kelley MK, Moore P, Suter SE, Breen M. Reading between the lines: molecular characterization of five widely used canine lymphoid tumour cell lines. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 11:30-50. [PMID: 22236332 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00299.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Molecular characterization of tumour cell lines is increasingly regarded as a prerequisite for defining their validity as models of in vivo neoplasia. We present the first comprehensive catalogue of genomic and transcriptional characteristics of five widely used canine lymphoid tumour cell lines. High-resolution microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization defined their unique profiles of genomic DNA copy number imbalance. Multicolour fluorescence in situ hybridization identified aberrant gains of MYC, KIT and FLT3 and deletions of PTEN and CDKN2 in individual cell lines, and also revealed examples of extensive structural chromosome reorganization. Gene expression profiling and RT-PCR analyses defined the relationship between genomic imbalance and transcriptional dysregulation in each cell line, clarifying their relevance as models of discrete functional pathways with biological and therapeutic significance. In combination, these data provide an extensive resource of molecular data for directing the appropriate use of these cell lines as tools for studying canine lymphoid neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Seiser
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
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41
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Thomas R, Seiser EL, Motsinger-Reif A, Borst L, Valli VE, Kelley K, Suter SE, Argyle D, Burgess K, Bell J, Lindblad-Toh K, Modiano JF, Breen M. Refining tumor-associated aneuploidy through 'genomic recoding' of recurrent DNA copy number aberrations in 150 canine non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1321-35. [PMID: 21375435 PMCID: PMC4304668 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.559802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Identification of the genomic regions most intimately associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) pathogenesis is confounded by the genetic heterogeneity of human populations. We hypothesize that the restricted genetic variation of purebred dogs, combined with the contrasting architecture of the human and canine karyotypes, will increase the penetrance of fundamental NHL-associated chromosomal aberrations in both species. We surveyed non-random aneuploidy in 150 canine NHL cases, revealing limited genomic instability compared to their human counterparts and no evidence for CDKN2A/B deletion in canine B-cell NHL. 'Genomic recoding' of canine NHL data into a 'virtual human' chromosome format showed remarkably few regions of copy number aberration (CNA) shared between both species, restricted to regions of dog chromosomes 13 and 31, and human chromosomes 8 and 21. Our data suggest that gene discovery in NHL may be enhanced through comparative studies exploiting the less complex association between CNAs and tumor pathogenesis in canine patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Thomas
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Eric L. Seiser
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Alison Motsinger-Reif
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Statistics, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, North Carolina State University, Patterson Hall, 2501 Founders Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Luke Borst
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Victor E. Valli
- VDx Veterinary Diagnostics, 2019 Anderson Rd Suite C, Davis CA 95616, USA
| | - Kathryn Kelley
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Steven E. Suter
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - David Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Roslin, Midlothian, Scotland, UK
| | - Kristine Burgess
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Jerold Bell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Tufts Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA 01536, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Box 582, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, 7 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Jaime F. Modiano
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, 4700 Hillsborough Street, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Center for Comparative Medicine and Translational Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Cancer Genetics Program, UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Gaurnier-Hausser A, Patel R, Baldwin AS, May MJ, Mason NJ. NEMO-binding domain peptide inhibits constitutive NF-κB activity and reduces tumor burden in a canine model of relapsed, refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17:4661-71. [PMID: 21610150 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-3310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Activated B-cell diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (ABC-DLBCL) is an aggressive, poorly chemoresponsive lymphoid malignancy characterized by constitutive canonical NF-κB activity that promotes lymphomagenesis and chemotherapy resistance via overexpression of antiapoptotic NF-κB target genes. Inhibition of the canonical NF-κB pathway may therefore have therapeutic relevance in ABC-DLBCL. Here, we set out to determine whether dogs with spontaneous DLBCL have comparative aberrant constitutive NF-κB activity and to determine the therapeutic relevance of NF-κB inhibition in dogs with relapsed, resistant DLBCL. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Canonical NF-κB activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assays and immunoblot analyses, and NF-κB target gene expression was measured by quantitative real time PCR. Primary malignant canine B lymphocytes were treated with the selective IKK complex inhibitor NF-κB essential modulator-binding domain (NBD) peptide and evaluated for NF-κB activity and apoptosis. NBD peptide was administered intranodally to dogs with relapsed B-cell lymphoma and NF-κB target gene expression and tumor burden were evaluated pre- and post-treatment. RESULTS Constitutive canonical NF-κB activity and increased NF-κB target gene expression were detected in primary DLBCL tissue. NBD peptide inhibited this activity and induced apoptosis of primary malignant B cells in vitro. Intratumoral injections of NBD peptide to dogs with relapsed DLBCL inhibited NF-κB target gene expression and reduced tumor burden. CONCLUSIONS This work shows that dogs with spontaneous DLBCL represent a clinically relevant, spontaneous, large animal model for human ABC-DLBCL and shows the therapeutic relevance of NF-κB inhibition in the treatment of ABC-DLBCL. These results have important translational relevance for ABC-DLBCL treatment in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Gaurnier-Hausser
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6010, USA
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Canine Mammary Cancer Stem Cells are Radio- and Chemo- Resistant and Exhibit an Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Phenotype. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:1744-62. [PMID: 24212780 PMCID: PMC3757388 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3021744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 01/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine mammary carcinoma is the most common cancer among female dogs and is often fatal due to the development of distant metastases. In humans, solid tumors are made up of heterogeneous cell populations, which perform different roles in the tumor economy. A small subset of tumor cells can hold or acquire stem cell characteristics, enabling them to drive tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. In veterinary medicine, the molecular drivers of canine mammary carcinoma are as yet undefined. Here we report that putative cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be isolated form a canine mammary carcinoma cell line, REM134. We show that these cells have an increased ability to form tumorspheres, a characteristic of stem cells, and that they express embryonic stem cell markers associated with pluripotency. Moreover, canine CSCs are relatively resistant to the cytotoxic effects of common chemotherapeutic drugs and ionizing radiation, indicating that failure of clinical therapy to eradicate canine mammary cancer may be due to the survival of CSCs. The epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been associated with cancer invasion, metastasis, and the acquisition of stem cell characteristics. Our results show that canine CSCs predominantly express mesenchymal markers and are more invasive than parental cells, indicating that these cells have a mesenchymal phenotype. Furthermore, we show that canine mammary cancer cells can be induced to undergo EMT by TGFβ and that these cells have an increased ability to form tumorspheres. Our findings indicate that EMT induction can enrich for cells with CSC properties, and provide further insight into canine CSC biology.
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44
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Bienzle D, Vernau W. The Diagnostic Assessment of Canine Lymphoma: Implications for Treatment. Clin Lab Med 2011; 31:21-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cll.2010.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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45
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Rebhun RB, Kent MS, Borrofka SAEB, Frazier S, Skorupski K, Rodriguez CO. CHOP chemotherapy for the treatment of canine multicentric T-cell lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 9:38-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2010.00230.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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46
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Switonski M, Szczerbal I, Nizanski W, Kociucka B, Bartz M, Dzimira S, Mikolajewska N. Robertsonian Translocation in a Sex Reversal Dog (XX, SRY negative) May Indicate that the Causative Mutation for This Intersexuality Syndrome Resides on Canine Chromosome 23 (CFA23). Sex Dev 2011; 5:141-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000324689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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47
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Rütgen BC, Hammer SE, Gerner W, Christian M, de Arespacochaga AG, Willmann M, Kleiter M, Schwendenwein I, Saalmüller A. Establishment and characterization of a novel canine B-cell line derived from a spontaneously occurring diffuse large cell lymphoma. Leuk Res 2010; 34:932-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2010.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2009] [Revised: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Starkey MP, Murphy S. Using lymph node fine needle aspirates for gene expression profiling of canine lymphoma. Vet Comp Oncol 2010; 8:56-71. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2009.00205.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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49
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Microarray-based cytogenetic profiling reveals recurrent and subtype-associated genomic copy number aberrations in feline sarcomas. Chromosome Res 2009; 17:987-1000. [PMID: 19941159 DOI: 10.1007/s10577-009-9096-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Revised: 10/24/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Injection-site-associated sarcomas (ISAS), commonly arising at the site of routine vaccine administration, afflict as many as 22,000 domestic cats annually in the USA. These tumors are typically more aggressive and prone to recurrence than spontaneous sarcomas (non-ISAS), generally receiving a poorer long-term prognosis and warranting a more aggressive therapeutic approach. Although certain clinical and histological factors are highly suggestive of ISAS, timely diagnosis and optimal clinical management may be hindered by the absence of definitive markers that can distinguish between tumors with underlying injection-related etiology and their spontaneous counterpart. Specific nonrandom chromosome copy number aberrations (CNAs) have been associated with the clinical behavior of a vast spectrum of human tumors, providing an extensive resource of potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Although similar principles are now being applied with great success in other species, their relevance to feline molecular oncology has not yet been investigated in any detail. We report the construction of a genomic microarray platform for detection of recurrent CNAs in feline tumors through cytogenetic assignment of 210 large-insert DNA clones selected at intervals of approximately 15 Mb from the feline genome sequence assembly. Microarray-based profiling of 19 ISAS and 27 non-ISAS cases identified an extensive range of genomic imbalances that were highly recurrent throughout the combined panel of 46 sarcomas. Deletions of two specific regions were significantly associated with the non-ISAS phenotype. Further characterization of these regions may ultimately permit molecular distinction between ISAS and non-ISAS, as a tool for predicting tumor behavior and prognosis, as well as refining means for therapeutic intervention.
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50
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Avery A. Molecular diagnostics of hematologic malignancies. Top Companion Anim Med 2009; 24:144-50. [PMID: 19732733 DOI: 10.1053/j.tcam.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 03/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies, particularly lymphoma and leukemia, are a diverse group of diseases with a myriad of different presentations. Although the diagnosis of these diseases can be straightforward, there are many cases in which the diagnosis is difficult to establish with conventional methods. Molecular diagnostic testing to identify oncogenes and clonal lymphocyte populations can aid in resolving ambiguous cases, and several of these tests are routinely available for canine patients. Sensitive polymerase chain reaction-based methods are also useful for answering a variety of research questions. Here, detection of mutations of the c-kit gene in mast cell tumors, the bcr-abl fusion gene in myelogenous leukemias, and clonality of lymphocyte populations for the diagnosis and monitoring of lymphoma and leukemia are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Avery
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
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