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Calu-3 cells are largely resistant to entry driven by filovirus glycoproteins and the entry defect can be rescued by directed expression of DC-SIGN or cathepsin L. Virology 2019; 532:22-29. [PMID: 30999160 PMCID: PMC7112014 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Priming of the viral glycoprotein (GP) by the cellular proteases cathepsin B and L (CatB, CatL) is believed to be essential for cell entry of filoviruses. However, pseudotyping systems that predominantly produce non-filamentous particles have frequently been used to prove this concept. Here, we report that GP-mediated entry of retroviral-, rhabdoviral and filoviral particles depends on CatB/CatL activity and that this effect is cell line-independent. Moreover, we show that the human cell line Calu-3, which expresses low amounts of CatL, is largely resistant to entry driven by diverse filovirus GPs. Finally, we demonstrate that Calu-3 cell entry mediated by certain filovirus GPs can be rescued upon directed expression of CatL or DC-SIGN. Our results identify Calu-3 cells as largely resistant to filovirus GP-driven entry and demonstrate that entry is limited at the stage of virion attachment and GP priming.
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Clerc P, Jeanjean P, Hallali N, Gougeon M, Pipy B, Carrey J, Fourmy D, Gigoux V. Targeted Magnetic Intra-Lysosomal Hyperthermia produces lysosomal reactive oxygen species and causes Caspase-1 dependent cell death. J Control Release 2018; 270:120-134. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.11.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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de Castro MAG, Bunt G, Wouters FS. Cathepsin B launches an apoptotic exit effort upon cell death-associated disruption of lysosomes. Cell Death Discov 2016; 2:16012. [PMID: 27551506 PMCID: PMC4979493 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2016.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The release of cathepsin proteases from disrupted lysosomes results in lethal cellular autodigestion. Lysosomal disruption-related cell death is highly variable, showing both apoptotic and necrotic outcomes. As the substrate spectrum of lysosomal proteases encompasses the apoptosis-regulating proteins of the Bcl-2 family, their degradation could influence the cell death outcome upon lysosomal disruption. We used Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based biosensors to image the real-time degradation of the Bcl-2-family members, Bcl-xl, Bax and Bid, in living cells undergoing lysosomal lysis and identified an early chain of proteolytic events, initiated by the release of cathepsin B, which directs cells toward apoptosis. In this apoptotic exit strategy, cathepsin B’s proteolytic activity results in apoptosis-inducing Bid and removes apoptosis-preventing Bcl-xl. Cathepsin B furthermore appears to degrade a cystein protease that would otherwise have eliminated apoptosis-supporting Bax, indirectly keeping cellular levels of the Bax protein up. The concerted effort of these three early events shifts the balance of cell fate away from necrosis and toward apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A G de Castro
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen , Göttingen, Germany
| | - G Bunt
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Clinical Optical Microscopy, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - F S Wouters
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Institute of Neuropathology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany; Centre for Nanoscale Molecular Physiology of the Brain (CNMPB), Göttingen, Germany
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4
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Sellami H, Znazen A, Sellami A, Mnif H, Louati N, Zarrouk SB, Keskes L, Rebai T, Gdoura R, Hammami A. Molecular detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and other sexually transmitted bacteria in semen of male partners of infertile couples in Tunisia: the effect on semen parameters and spermatozoa apoptosis markers. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98903. [PMID: 25019616 PMCID: PMC4096407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasmas, and Ureaplasmas in semen samples of the male partners of infertile couples and to investigate whether Chlamydia trachomatis could initiate apoptosis in human spermatozoa. A total of 85 males partners of infertile couples undergoing routine semen analysis according to World Health Organization guidelines were included. Specimens were examined for the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum by Real time PCR (qPCR). Semen specimens were analysed for the appearance of apoptotic markers (sperm DNA fragmentation, activated caspase 3 levels, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)) using flow cytometry. C. trachomatis, N. gonorrhoeae, U. urealyticum, M genitalium were detected in semen samples of 13 (15.2%), 5 (5.8%), 5 (5.8%) and 3 (3.5%) male partners of infertile couples, respectively. M. hominis and U. parvum were detected in semen sample of only one patient (1.1%). The semen of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis showed lower mean of semen count and lower rapid progressive motility (category [a]) of spermatozoa compared to uninfected men with statistically significances (p = 0.02 and p = 0.04, respectively). Flow cytometry analyses demonstrated a significant increase of the mean rate of semen with low ΔΨm and caspase 3 activation of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis compared to uninfected men (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001, respectively). DNA fragmentation was also increased in sperm of infertile men positive for C. trachomatis compared to uninfected men but without statistical significances (p = 0.62). Chlamydial infection was associated to loss of ΔΨm and caspase 3activation. Thus, C. trachomatis infection could be incriminated in apoptosis induction of spermatozoa. These effects may explain the negative direct impact of C. trachomatis infection on sperm fertilizing ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanen Sellami
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Abir Znazen
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Afifa Sellami
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Hela Mnif
- Sfax Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Nour Louati
- Sfax Regional Center of Blood Transfusion, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Soumaya Ben Zarrouk
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Leila Keskes
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Tarek Rebai
- Histology Embryology Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Radhouane Gdoura
- Unit Research of Toxicology-Microbiology Environmental and Health, Sciences Faculty of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Adnene Hammami
- Department of Microbiology and research laboratory “Microorganismes et Pathologies Humaines”, Habib Bourguiba University Hospital of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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Jerič B, Dolenc I, Mihelič M, Klarić M, Zavašnik-Bergant T, Gunčar G, Turk B, Turk V, Stoka V. N-terminally truncated forms of human cathepsin F accumulate in aggresome-like inclusions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1833:2254-66. [PMID: 23684953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of individual cysteine cathepsins as positive mediators of programmed cell death is dependent on several factors, such as the type of stimuli, intensity and duration of the stimulus, and cell type involved. Of the eleven human cysteine cathepsins, cathepsin F is the only cathepsin that exhibits an extended N-terminal proregion, which contains a cystatin-like domain. We predicted that the wild-type human cathepsin F contains three natively disordered regions within the enzyme's propeptide and various amino acid stretches with high fibrillation propensity. Wild-type human cathepsin F and its N-terminally truncated forms, Ala(20)-Asp(484) (Δ(19)CatF), Pro(126)-Asp(484) (Δ(125)CatF), and Met(147)-Asp(484) (Δ(146)CatF) were cloned into the pcDNA3 vector and overexpressed in HEK 293T cells. Wild-type human cathepsin F displayed a clear vesicular labeling and colocalized with the LAMP2 protein, a lysosomal marker. However, all three N-terminally truncated forms of human cathepsin F were recovered as insoluble proteins, suggesting that the deletion of at least the signal peptides (Δ(19)CatF), results in protein aggregation. Noteworthy, they concentrated large perinuclear-juxtanuclear aggregates that accumulated within aggresome-like inclusions. These inclusions showed p62-positive immunoreactivity and were colocalized with the autophagy marker LC3B, but not with the LAMP2 protein. In addition, an approximately 2-3 fold increase in DEVDase activity was not sufficient to induce apoptotic cell death. These results suggested the clearance of the N-terminally truncated forms of human cathepsin F via the autophagy pathway, underlying its protective and prosurvival mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Jerič
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Structural Biology, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Lin B, Huntley D, Abuali G, Langley SR, Sindelar G, Petretto E, Butcher S, Grimm S. Determining signalling nodes for apoptosis by a genetic high-throughput screen. PLoS One 2011; 6:e25023. [PMID: 21966401 PMCID: PMC3178610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the ever-increasing information emerging from the various sequencing and gene annotation projects, there is an urgent need to elucidate the cellular functions of the newly discovered genes. The genetically regulated cell suicide of apoptosis is especially suitable for such endeavours as it is governed by a vast number of factors. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We have set up a high-throughput screen in 96-well microtiter plates for genes that induce apoptosis upon their individual transfection into human cells. Upon screening approximately 100,000 cDNA clones we determined 74 genes that initiate this cellular suicide programme. A thorough bioinformatics analysis of these genes revealed that 91% are novel apoptosis regulators. Careful sequence analysis and functional annotation showed that the apoptosis factors exhibit a distinct functional distribution that distinguishes the cell death process from other signalling pathways. While only a minority of classic signal transducers were determined, a substantial number of the genes fall into the transporter- and enzyme-category. The apoptosis factors are distributed throughout all cellular organelles and many signalling circuits, but one distinct signalling pathway connects at least some of the isolated genes. Comparisons with microarray data suggest that several genes are dysregulated in specific types of cancers and degenerative diseases. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Many unknown genes for cell death were revealed through our screen, supporting the enormous complexity of cell death regulation. Our results will serve as a repository for other researchers working with genomics data related to apoptosis or for those seeking to reveal novel signalling pathways for cell suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bevan Lin
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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7
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Cysteine cathepsins are not critical for TNF-α-induced cell death in T98G and U937 cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2009; 1794:1372-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Revised: 03/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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8
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Strojan P, Oblak I, Gale N, Smid L, Kos J. Cysteine cathepsins B and L and their inhibitors stefins A and B in carcinoma of the oropharynx: immunohistochemical study. Histopathology 2009; 53:612-4. [PMID: 18983473 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2008.03142.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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9
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Esposito A, Gralle M, Dani MAC, Lange D, Wouters FS. pHlameleons: A Family of FRET-Based Protein Sensors for Quantitative pH Imaging. Biochemistry 2008; 47:13115-26. [DOI: 10.1021/bi8009482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Esposito
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtalee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Gralle
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtalee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maria Angela C. Dani
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtalee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dirk Lange
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtalee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fred S. Wouters
- Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Systems, Department of Neuro- and Sensory Physiology, University Medicine Göttingen, Humboldtalee 23, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
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Lin Y, Stevens C, Hupp T. Identification of a dominant negative functional domain on DAPK-1 that degrades DAPK-1 protein and stimulates TNFR-1-mediated apoptosis. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:16792-802. [PMID: 17324927 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m611559200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
DAPK-1 is a stress-activated tumor suppressor protein that plays a role in both proapoptotic or antiapoptotic signal transduction pathways. To define mechanisms of DAPK-1 protein regulation, we have determined that DAPK-1 protein has a long half-life, and therefore its activity is primarily regulated at the protein level. Changes in DAPK-1 protein levels occur by a cathepsin B-dependent pathway, prompting us to evaluate whether cathepsin B plays positive or negative role in DAPK-1 function. The transfection of p55-TNFR-1 induced complex formation between DAPK-1 and cathepsin B. Depletion of cathepsin B protein using small interfering RNA stimulated TNFR-1 dependent apoptosis. The minimal binding region on DAPK-1 for cathepsin B was mapped to amino acids 836-947. The transfection of the DAPK-1-(836-947) miniprotein acted in a dominant negative manner inducing endogenous DAPK-1 protein degradation in a TNFR-1-dependent manner. These data suggest that DAPK-1 forms a multiprotein survival complex with cathepsin B countering the rate of TNFR-1-dependent apoptosis and highlights the importance of developing DAPK-1 inhibitors as agents to sensitize cells to stress-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Lin
- University of Edinburgh, CRUK p53 Signal Transduction Group, South Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Yin L, Stearns R, González-Flecha B. Lysosomal and mitochondrial pathways in H2O2-induced apoptosis of alveolar type II cells. J Cell Biochem 2005; 94:433-45. [PMID: 15534871 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.20277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests a role for apoptosis in the maintenance of the alveolar epithelium under normal and pathological conditions. However, the signaling pathways modulating alveolar type II (AT II) cell apoptosis remain poorly defined. Here we investigated the role of lysosomes as modulators of oxidant-mediated AT II cell apoptosis using an in vitro model of H(2)O(2)-stress. H(2)O(2) stress led to time-dependent increases in intracellular oxidants, mitochondrial membrane polarization, cytochrome c release, lysosomal rupture, and AT II cells apoptosis. Increased apoptosis was prevented by specific inhibition of the caspase cascade using the broad-spectrum caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk or a caspase 3 inhibitor, or by using functional inhibitors for cathepsin D (pepstatin A) or cathepsin B. Inhibition of cathepsin D also prevented mitochondrial permeabilization and cythocrome c release suggesting that lysosomal rupture precedes and is necessary for the activation of the mitochondrial pathway of cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yin
- Physiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Ave., Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Craven RA, Stanley AJ, Hanrahan S, Totty N, Jackson DP, Popescu R, Taylor A, Frey J, Selby PJ, Patel PM, Banks RE. Identification of proteins regulated by interferon-? in resistant and sensitive malignant melanoma cell lines. Proteomics 2004; 4:3998-4009. [PMID: 15449380 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200400870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of patients with malignant melanoma with interferon-alpha achieves a response in a small but significant subset of patients. Currently, although much is known about interferon biology, little is known about either the particular mechanisms of interferon-alpha activity that are crucial for response or why only some patients respond to interferon-alpha therapy. Two melanoma cell lines (MeWo and MM418) that are known to differ in their response to the antiproliferative activity of interferon-alpha, have been used as a model system to investigate interferon-alpha action. Using a proteomics approach based on two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, several proteins induced in response to interferon-alpha have been identified. These include a number of gene products previously known to be type I interferon responsive (tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase, leucine aminopeptidase, ubiquitin cross-reactive protein, gelsolin, FUSE binding protein 2 and hPNPase) as well as a number of proteins not previously reported to be induced by type I interferon (cathepsin B, proteasomal activator 28alpha and alpha-SNAP). Although the proteins upregulated by interferon-alpha were common between the cell lines when examined at the level of Western blotting, the disparity in the basal level of cathepsin B was striking, raising the possibility that the higher level in MM418 may contribute to the sensitivity of this cell line to interferon-alpha treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Craven
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Centre, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
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Fehrenbacher N, Gyrd-Hansen M, Poulsen B, Felbor U, Kallunki T, Boes M, Weber E, Leist M, Jäättelä M. Sensitization to the Lysosomal Cell Death Pathway upon Immortalization and Transformation. Cancer Res 2004; 64:5301-10. [PMID: 15289336 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-04-1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is associated with several changes that alter the cellular susceptibility to programmed cell death. Here, we show that immortalization and transformation sensitize cells in particular to the cysteine cathepsin-mediated lysosomal death pathway. Spontaneous immortalization increased the susceptibility of wild-type murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-mediated cytotoxicity >1000-fold, whereas immortalized MEFs deficient for lysosomal cysteine protease cathepsin B (CathB) retained the resistant phenotype of primary cells. This effect was specific for cysteine cathepsins, because also lack of cathepsin L (a lysosomal cysteine protease), but not that of cathepsin D (a lysosomal aspartyl protease) or caspase-3 (the major executioner protease in classic apoptosis) inhibited the immortalization-associated sensitization of MEFs to TNF. Oncogene-driven transformation of immortalized MEFs was associated with a dramatic increase in cathepsin expression and additional sensitization to the cysteine cathepsin-mediated death pathway. Importantly, exogenous expression of CathB partially reversed the resistant phenotype of immortalized CathB-deficient MEFs, and the inhibition of CathB activity by pharmacological inhibitors or RNA interference attenuated TNF-induced cytotoxicity in immortalized and transformed wild-type cells. Thus, tumorigenesis-associated changes in lysosomes may counteract cancer progression and enhance therapeutic responses by sensitizing cells to programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fehrenbacher
- Apoptosis Department, Institute for Cancer Biology, Danish Cancer Society, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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