1
|
Kashani B, Zandi Z, Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi A, Yousefi AM, Ghaffari SH, Bashash D. The PI3K signaling pathway; from normal lymphopoiesis to lymphoid malignancies. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:493-512. [PMID: 38690706 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2350629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As a vital mechanism of survival, lymphopoiesis requires the collaboration of different signaling molecules to orchestrate each step of cell development and maturation. The PI3K pathway is considerably involved in the maturation of lymphatic cells and therefore, its dysregulation can immensely affect human well-being and cause some of the most prevalent malignancies. As a result, studies that investigate this pathway could pave the way for a better understanding of the lymphopoiesis mechanisms, the undesired changes that lead to cancer progression, and how to design drugs to solve this issue. AREAS COVERED The present review addresses the aforementioned aspects of the PI3K pathway and helps pave the way for future therapeutic approaches. In order to access the articles, databases such as Medicine Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Science Direct were utilized. The search formula was established by identifying main keywords including PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, Lymphopoiesis, Lymphoid malignancies, and inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION The PI3K pathway is crucial for lymphocyte development and differentiation, making it a potential target for therapeutic intervention in lymphoid cancers. Studies are focused on developing PI3K inhibitors to impede the progression of hematologic malignancies, highlighting the pathway's significance in lymphoma and lymphoid leukemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Kashani
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Zandi
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Pourbagheri-Sigaroodi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir-Mohammad Yousefi
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed H Ghaffari
- Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, School of Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Davood Bashash
- Department of Hematology and Blood Banking, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bhowmick K, von Suskil M, Al-Odat OS, Elbezanti WO, Jonnalagadda SC, Budak-Alpdogan T, Pandey MK. Pathways to therapy resistance: The sheltering effect of the bone marrow microenvironment to multiple myeloma cells. Heliyon 2024; 10:e33091. [PMID: 39021902 PMCID: PMC11252793 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e33091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple Myeloma (MM) is a malignant expansion of plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM), resulting in a disease characterized by symptoms of end organ damage from light chain secretion, crowding of the BM, and bone lesions. Although the past two decades have been characterized by numerous novel therapies emerging, the disease remains incurable due to intrinsic or acquired drug resistance. A major player in MM's drug resistance arises from its intimate relationship with the BM microenvironment (BMME). Through stress-inducing conditions, soluble messengers, and physical adhesion to BM elements, the BMME activates numerous pathways in the myeloma cell. This not only propagates myeloma progression through survival and growth signals, but also specific mechanisms to circumvent therapeutic actions. In this review, we provide an overview of the BMME, the role of individual components in MM survival, and various therapy-specific resistance mechanisms reported in the literature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Bhowmick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Max von Suskil
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Omar S. Al-Odat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Weam Othman Elbezanti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Subash C. Jonnalagadda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Science and Mathematics, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, USA
| | - Tulin Budak-Alpdogan
- Department of Hematology, MD Anderson Cancer Center at Cooper, Cooper University Health Care, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Manoj K. Pandey
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Innuan P, Sirikul C, Anukul N, Rolin G, Dechsupa N, Kantapan J. Identifying transcriptomic profiles of iron-quercetin complex treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy volunteers and diabetic patients. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9441. [PMID: 38658734 PMCID: PMC11043337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60197-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral blood is an alternative source of stem/progenitor cells for regenerative medicine owing to its ease of retrieval and blood bank storage. Previous in vitro studies indicated that the conditioned medium derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) treated with the iron-quercetin complex (IronQ) contains potent angiogenesis and wound-healing properties. This study aims to unveil the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing the effects of IronQ on the transcriptome profiles of human PBMCs from healthy volunteers and those with diabetes mellitus (DM) using RNA sequencing analysis. Our findings revealed 3741 and 2204 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) when treating healthy and DM PBMCs with IronQ, respectively. Functional enrichment analyses underscored the biological processes shared by the DEGs in both conditions, including inflammatory responses, cell migration, cellular stress responses, and angiogenesis. A comprehensive exploration of these molecular alterations exposed a network of 20 hub genes essential in response to stimuli, cell migration, immune processes, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. The activation of these pathways enabled PBMCs to potentiate angiogenesis and tissue repair. Corroborating this, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and cell phenotyping confirmed the upregulation of candidate genes associated with anti-inflammatory, pro-angiogenesis, and tissue repair processes in IronQ-treated PBMCs. In summary, combining IronQ and PBMCs brings about substantial shifts in gene expression profiles and activates pathways that are crucial for tissue repair and immune response, which is promising for the enhancement of the therapeutic potential of PBMCs, especially in diabetic wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Phattarawadee Innuan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Chonticha Sirikul
- Division of Transfusion Science, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Nampeung Anukul
- Division of Transfusion Science, Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Gwenaël Rolin
- INSERM CIC-1431, CHU Besançon, 25000, Besançon, France
| | - Nathupakorn Dechsupa
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Jiraporn Kantapan
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Unit, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
- Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Shi Q, Gui J, Sun L, Song Y, Na J, Zhang J, Fan Y, Zheng L. Frizzled-9 triggers actin polymerization and activates mechano-transducer YAP to rescue simulated microgravity-induced osteoblast dysfunction. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23147. [PMID: 37585277 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202300977r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Long-term spaceflight can result in bone loss and osteoblast dysfunction. Frizzled-9 (Fzd9) is a Wnt receptor of the frizzled family that is vital for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. In the present study, we elucidated whether Fzd9 plays a role in osteoblast dysfunction induced by simulated microgravity (SMG). After 1-7 days of SMG, osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin (OPN), and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) were decreased, accompanied by a decrease in Fzd9 expression. Furthermore, Fzd9 expression decreased in the rat femur after 3 weeks of hindlimb unloading. In contrast, Fzd9 overexpression counteracted the decrease in ALP, OPN, and RUNX2 induced by SMG in osteoblasts. Moreover, SMG regulated phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (pGSK3β) and β-catenin expression or sublocalization. However, Fzd9 overexpression did not affect pGSK3β and β-catenin expression or sublocalization induced by SMG. In addition, Fzd9 overexpression regulated protein kinase B also known as Akt and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation and induced F-actin polymerization to form the actin cap, press the nuclei, and increase nuclear pore size, thereby promoting the nuclear translocation of Yes-associated protein (YAP). Our study findings provide mechanistic insights into the role of Fzd9 in triggering actin polymerization and activating YAP to rescue SMG-induced osteoblast dysfunction and suggest that Fzd9 is a potential target to restore osteoblast function in individuals with bone diseases and after spaceflight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinpeng Gui
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lianwen Sun
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaxin Song
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Na
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yubo Fan
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Lisha Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University), Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Boonruang K, Kim I, Kwag C, Ryu J, Baek SJ. Quercetin induces dual specificity phosphatase 5 via serum response factor. BMB Rep 2023; 56:508-513. [PMID: 37291053 PMCID: PMC10547973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical quercetin has gained attention for its antiinflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties in various types of cancer. Tumorigenesis involves the aberrant regulation of kinase/phosphatase, highlighting the importance of maintaining homeostasis. Dual Specificity Phosphatase (DUSP) plays a crucial role in controlling the phosphorylation of ERK. The current study aimed to clone the DUSP5 promoter, and investigate its transcriptional activity in the presence of quercetin. The results revealed that quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression is associated with the serum response factor (SRF) binding site located in the DUSP5 promoter. The deletion of this site abolished the luciferase activity induced by quercetin, indicating its vital role in quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression. SRF protein is a transcription factor that potentially contributes to quercetin-induced DUSP5 expression at the transcriptional level. Additionally, quercetin enhanced SRF binding activity without changing its expression. These findings provide evidence of how quercetin affects anti-cancer activity in colorectal tumorigenesis by inducing SRF transcription factor activity, thereby increasing DUSP5 expression at the transcriptional level. This study highlights the importance of investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer properties of quercetin, and suggests its potential use in cancer therapy. [BMB Reports 2023; 56(9): 508-513].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanokkan Boonruang
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Ilju Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Kwag
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Junsun Ryu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Thyroid Cancer, Research Institute and Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tentolouris A, Ntanasis-Stathopoulos I, Terpos E. Obesity and multiple myeloma: emerging mechanisms and perspectives. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 92:45-60. [PMID: 37030643 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is a global pandemic that has been associated with the development of breast, endometrial, large intestine, renal, esophageal, and pancreatic cancer. Obesity is also involved in the development of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Recently, an increase in the incidence of obesity-related cancers has been reported. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common hematological malignancy, after lymphoma. The aim of this review is to examine the epidemiological data on obesity and MM, assess the effect of obesity on MM outcomes, evaluate the possible mechanisms through which obesity might increase the incidence of MM and provide the effects of obesity management on MM. Current evidence indicates that obesity may have an impact on the progression of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) to MM and increase the prevalence of MM. However, data regarding the effect of obesity on MGUS incidence are controversial; further studies are needed to examine whether obesity affects the development of MGUS or the progression of MGUS to MM. In addition, obesity affects MM outcomes. Increased BMI is associated with decreased survival in patients with MM, while data regarding the effect of obesity on newly diagnosed MM subjects and autologous stem cell transplantation are limited. Interestingly, the obesity paradox may also apply to patients with relapsed/refractory MM who are overweight or obese, because they may have a survival advantage. The pathophysiological pathways linking obesity to MM are very complicated and include bone marrow adipose tissue; adipokines, such as adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and visfatin; inflammatory cytokines and growth factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6; hormones including insulin and the insulin-like growth factor system as well as sex hormones. In terms of the effect of pharmacological management of obesity, orlistat has been shown to alter the proliferation of MM cells, whereas no data exist on glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, naltrexone/bupropion, or phentermine/topiramate. Bariatric surgery may be associated with a reduction in the incidence of MM, however, further studies are needed.
Collapse
|
7
|
Urdeitx P, Mousavi SJ, Avril S, Doweidar MH. Computational modeling of multiple myeloma interactions with resident bone marrow cells. Comput Biol Med 2023; 153:106458. [PMID: 36599211 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The interaction of multiple myeloma with bone marrow resident cells plays a key role in tumor progression and the development of drug resistance. The tumor cell response involves contact-mediated and paracrine interactions. The heterogeneity of myeloma cells and bone marrow cells makes it difficult to reproduce this environment in in-vitro experiments. The use of in-silico established tools can help to understand these complex problems. In this article, we present a computational model based on the finite element method to define the interactions of multiple myeloma cells with resident bone marrow cells. This model includes cell migration, which is controlled by stress-strain equilibrium, and cell processes such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. A series of computational experiments were performed to validate the proposed model. Cell proliferation by the growth factor IGF-1 is studied for different concentrations ranging from 0-10 ng/mL. Cell motility is studied for different concentrations of VEGF and fibronectin in the range of 0-100 ng/mL. Finally, cells were simulated under a combination of IGF-1 and VEGF stimuli whose concentrations are considered to be dependent on the cancer-associated fibroblasts in the extracellular matrix. Results show a good agreement with previous in-vitro results. Multiple myeloma growth and migration are shown to correlate linearly to the IGF-1 stimuli. These stimuli are coupled with the mechanical environment, which also improves cell growth. Moreover, cell migration depends on the fiber and VEGF concentration in the extracellular matrix. Finally, our computational model shows myeloma cells trigger mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate into cancer-associated fibroblasts, in a dose-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pau Urdeitx
- School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain
| | - S Jamaleddin Mousavi
- Mines Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France
| | - Stephane Avril
- Mines Saint-Étienne, University of Lyon, University of Jean Monnet, INSERM, Saint-Etienne, 42023, France; Institute for Mechanics of Materials and Structures, TU Wien-Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, 1040, Austria
| | - Mohamed H Doweidar
- School of Engineering and Architecture (EINA), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research (I3A), University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, 50018, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, 50018, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bickel MA, Csik B, Gulej R, Ungvari A, Nyul-Toth A, Conley SM. Cell non-autonomous regulation of cerebrovascular aging processes by the somatotropic axis. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1087053. [PMID: 36755922 PMCID: PMC9900125 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1087053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related cerebrovascular pathologies, ranging from cerebromicrovascular functional and structural alterations to large vessel atherosclerosis, promote the genesis of vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID) and exacerbate Alzheimer's disease. Recent advances in geroscience, including results from studies on heterochronic parabiosis models, reinforce the hypothesis that cell non-autonomous mechanisms play a key role in regulating cerebrovascular aging processes. Growth hormone (GH) and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) exert multifaceted vasoprotective effects and production of both hormones is significantly reduced in aging. This brief overview focuses on the role of age-related GH/IGF-1 deficiency in the development of cerebrovascular pathologies and VCID. It explores the mechanistic links among alterations in the somatotropic axis, specific macrovascular and microvascular pathologies (including capillary rarefaction, microhemorrhages, impaired endothelial regulation of cerebral blood flow, disruption of the blood brain barrier, decreased neurovascular coupling, and atherogenesis) and cognitive impairment. Improved understanding of cell non-autonomous mechanisms of vascular aging is crucial to identify targets for intervention to promote cerebrovascular and brain health in older adults.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa A. Bickel
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Boglarka Csik
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Rafal Gulej
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Anna Ungvari
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adam Nyul-Toth
- Vascular Cognitive Impairment, Neurodegeneration and Healthy Brain Aging Program, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- International Training Program in Geroscience, Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics, Biological Research Centre, Eötvös Lorand Research Network (ELKH), Szeged, Hungary
| | - Shannon M. Conley
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
- Oklahoma Center for Geroscience and Healthy Brain Aging, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhao Y, Ji Z, Li J, Zhang S, Wu C, Zhang R, Guo Z. Growth hormone associated with treatment efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastric cancer patients. Front Oncol 2022; 12:917313. [PMID: 36016614 PMCID: PMC9395680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.917313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with chemotherapy have been widely employed to improve the outcome of gastric cancer patients. In the present study, the impact of posttreatment growth hormone (GH) levels on the treatment efficacy of ICIs for advanced gastric cancer (AGC) patients was assessed. Methods Seventy-five AGC patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibodies at The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University were involved. We divided AGC patients into two groups as high-GH group and low-GH group based on the GH level. Immunotherapy efficacy was assessed in terms of objective response rate, disease control rate (DCR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) based on the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines. The enumeration data were compared by χ2 test or Fisher’s exact test. Survival curves were drawn by the Kaplan–Meier method, and comparisons between the curves were made using the log-rank test. Multivariate survival analysis was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model. Results The higher GH levels were associated with a lower DCR of ICIs with a DCR of 30.0% in the high-GH group and 53.3% in the low-GH group (P = 0.046). The subsequent univariate analysis showed that a high GH level was associated with both shorter PFS (P = 0.016) and shorter OS at the borderline statistical level (P = 0.052) in AGC patients treated with ICIs. Cox model analysis also proved that the GH level was an independent risk factor for the outcome of AGC patients (PFS: P = 0.013, HR, 2.424, 95% CI, 1.202–4.890; OS: P = 0.014, HR, 3.301, 95% CI, 1.279–8.519). Conclusions The post-treatment GH level might be a predictor for ICIs treatment in AGC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhengzheng Ji
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiasong Li
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shasha Zhang
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chensi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ruixing Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhanjun Guo
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhanjun Guo,
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Immunological Prognostic Factors in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073587. [PMID: 33808304 PMCID: PMC8036885 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm characterized by an abnormal proliferation of clonal, terminally differentiated B lymphocytes. Current approaches for the treatment of MM focus on developing new diagnostic techniques; however, the search for prognostic markers is also crucial. This enables the classification of patients into risk groups and, thus, the selection of the most optimal treatment method. Particular attention should be paid to the possible use of immune factors, as the immune system plays a key role in the formation and course of MM. In this review, we focus on characterizing the components of the immune system that are of prognostic value in MM patients, in order to facilitate the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic directions.
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen L, Samanta A, Zhao L, Dudley NR, Buehler T, Vincent RJ, Hauptman J, Girgis M, Dawn B. Vitamin D3 induces mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition and promotes a proangiogenic niche through IGF-1 signaling. iScience 2021; 24:102272. [PMID: 33817577 PMCID: PMC8005757 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Although vitamin D3 (VitD3) prevents angiogenesis in cancer, VitD3 deficiency is associated with greater incidence of cardiovascular events in patients. We examined the influence of VitD3 on the angiogenic potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). VitD3 treatment increased the expression of proangiogenic molecules in MSCs, which exhibited an endothelial cell-like phenotype and promoted vascularization in vitro and in vivo. VitD3 activated the IGF-1 promoter and boosted IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling, which was essential for the mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition (MEndoT) of MSCs. VitD3-treated MSCs created a proangiogenic microenvironment for co-cultured arterial endothelial cells, as well as aortic rings. The induction of MEndoT and angiogenesis promotion by VitD3-stimulated MSCs was attenuated by IGF-1R inhibitor picropodophyllin. We conclude that VitD3 promotes MEndoT in MSCs, and VitD3-treated MSCs augment vascularization by producing a proangiogenic niche through continued IGF-1 secretion. These results suggest a potential therapeutic role of VitD3 toward enhancing MSC-induced angiogenesis. Vitamin D3 (VitD3) treatment induces IGF-1 in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) VitD3 promotes mesenchymal-to-endothelial transition in MSCs via IGF-1 signaling Continued IGF-1 secretion by VitD3-treated MSCs creates a proangiogenic niche VitD3 may enhance MSC-induced angiogenesis through dual mechanisms
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Anweshan Samanta
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lin Zhao
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Boulevard, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Nathaniel R Dudley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Tanner Buehler
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Robert J Vincent
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Jeryl Hauptman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Boulevard, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Magdy Girgis
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Boulevard, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| | - Buddhadeb Dawn
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas School of Medicine, 1701 W. Charleston Boulevard, Suite 230, Las Vegas, NV 89102, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
da Cunha Júnior AD, Zanette DL, Pericole FV, Olalla Saad ST, Barreto Campello Carvalheira J. Obesity as a Possible Risk Factor for Progression from Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance Progression into Multiple Myeloma: Could Myeloma Be Prevented with Metformin Treatment? Adv Hematol 2021; 2021:6615684. [PMID: 33531904 PMCID: PMC7834834 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6615684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is increasingly associated with the transformation of monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) into multiple myeloma (MM). Obesity, MGUS, and MM share common etiopathogenesis mechanisms including altered insulin axis and the action of inflammatory cytokines. Consistent with this interconnection, metformin could predominantly exert inhibition of these pathophysiological factors and thus be an attractive therapeutic option for MGUS. Despite the possible clinical significance, only a limited number of epidemiological studies have focused on obesity as a risk factor for MGUS and MM. This review describes multiple biological pathways modulated by metformin at the cellular level and their possible impacts on the biology of MGUS and its progression into MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ademar Dantas da Cunha Júnior
- 1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
- 2Hematology and Oncology Clinics, Cancer Hospital of Cascavel, União Oeste de Estudos e Combate ao Câncer (UOPECCAN), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
- 3Department of Internal Medicine, State University of Western Paraná (UNIOESTE), Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Dalila Luciola Zanette
- 4Laboratory for Applied Science and Technology in Health, Carlos Chagas Institute (ICC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernando Vieira Pericole
- 5Hematology and Blood Transfusion Center, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - José Barreto Campello Carvalheira
- 1Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Jensen-Cody SO, Potthoff MJ. Hepatokines and metabolism: Deciphering communication from the liver. Mol Metab 2020; 44:101138. [PMID: 33285302 PMCID: PMC7788242 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The liver is a key regulator of systemic energy homeostasis and can sense and respond to nutrient excess and deficiency through crosstalk with multiple tissues. Regulation of systemic energy homeostasis by the liver is mediated in part through regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Dysregulation of either process may result in metabolic dysfunction and contribute to the development of insulin resistance or fatty liver disease. Scope of review The liver has recently been recognized as an endocrine organ that secretes hepatokines, which are liver-derived factors that can signal to and communicate with distant tissues. Dysregulation of liver-centered inter-organ pathways may contribute to improper regulation of energy homeostasis and ultimately metabolic dysfunction. Deciphering the mechanisms that regulate hepatokine expression and communication with distant tissues is essential for understanding inter-organ communication and for the development of therapeutic strategies to treat metabolic dysfunction. Major conclusions In this review, we discuss liver-centric regulation of energy homeostasis through hepatokine secretion. We highlight key hepatokines and their roles in metabolic control, examine the molecular mechanisms of each hepatokine, and discuss their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic disease. We also discuss important areas of future studies that may contribute to understanding hepatokine signaling under healthy and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharon O Jensen-Cody
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Matthew J Potthoff
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Iowa Neuroscience Institute, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Reprint of: Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 447:191-215. [PMID: 33046217 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ho KH, Chen PH, Shih CM, Lee YT, Cheng CH, Liu AJ, Lee CC, Chen KC. miR-4286 is Involved in Connections Between IGF-1 and TGF-β Signaling for the Mesenchymal Transition and Invasion by Glioblastomas. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:791-806. [PMID: 33025417 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-00977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signal pathways are both recognized as important in regulating cancer prognosis, such as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cell invasion. However, cross-talk between these two signal pathways in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is still unclear. In the present study, by analyzing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GSE) 4412, GBM patients with higher IGF-1 levels exhibited poorer survival. Genes positively correlated with IGF-1 were enriched in EMT and TGF-β signal pathways. IGF-1 treatment enhanced mesenchymal marker expressions and GBM cell invasion. A significant positive correlation was observed for IGF-1 with TGF-β1 (TGFB1) or TGF-β receptor 2 (TGFBR2), both of which participate in TGF-β signaling and are risk genes in the GBM process. IGF-1 stimulation promoted both TGFB1 and TGFBR2 expressions. LY2157299, a TGF-β signaling inhibitor, attenuated IGF-1-enhanced GBM cell invasion and mesenchymal transition. By analyzing IGF-1-regulated microRNA (miR) profiles, miR-4286 was found to be significantly downregulated in IGF-1-treated cells and could be targeted to both TGFB1 and TGFBR2. Overexpression of miR-4286 significantly attenuated expressions of the IGF-1-mediated mesenchymal markers, TGFB1 and TGFBR2. Using kinase inhibitors, only U0126 treatment showed an inhibitory effect on IGF-1-reduced miR-4286 and IGF-1-induced TGFB1/TGFBR2 expressions, suggesting that MEK/ERK signaling is involved in the IGF-1/miR-4286/TGF-β signaling axis. Finally, our results suggested that miR-4286 might act as a tumor suppressive microRNA in inhibiting IGF-1-enhanced GBM cell invasion. In conclusion, IGF-1 is connected to TGF-β signaling in regulating the mesenchymal transition and cell invasion of GBM through inhibition of miR-4286. Our findings provide new directions and mechanisms for exploring GBM progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Hao Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Peng-Hsu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chwen-Ming Shih
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Lee
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Ann-Jeng Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei City Hospital Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Cheng Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, 95 Wen Chang Road, Shih Lin District, Taipei, 111, Taiwan.
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Xinyi District, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cytokine-Mediated Dysregulation of Signaling Pathways in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145002. [PMID: 32679860 PMCID: PMC7403981 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic disorder of B lymphocytes characterized by the accumulation of malignant plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow. The altered plasma cells overproduce abnormal monoclonal immunoglobulins and also stimulate osteoclasts. The host’s immune system and microenvironment are of paramount importance in the growth of PCs and, thus, in the pathogenesis of the disease. The interaction of MM cells with the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment through soluble factors and cell adhesion molecules causes pathogenesis of the disease through activation of multiple signaling pathways, including NF-κβ, PI3K/AKT and JAK/STAT. These activated pathways play a critical role in the inhibition of apoptosis, sustained proliferation, survival and migration of MM cells. Besides, these pathways also participate in developing resistance against the chemotherapeutic drugs in MM. The imbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in MM leads to an increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which in turn play a significant role in dysregulation of signaling pathways and proliferation of MM cells; however, the association appears to be inadequate and needs more research. In this review, we are highlighting the recent findings on the roles of various cytokines and growth factors in the pathogenesis of MM and the potential therapeutic utility of aberrantly activated signaling pathways to manage the MM disease.
Collapse
|
17
|
Peng Y, Li F, Zhang P, Wang X, Shen Y, Feng Y, Jia Y, Zhang R, Hu J, He A. IGF-1 promotes multiple myeloma progression through PI3K/Akt-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci 2020; 249:117503. [PMID: 32142767 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the role and mechanism of insulin-like growth factor 1(IGF-1)-mediated EMT on multiple myeloma (MM) growth and metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression data from GEO datasets were utilized to explore the expression levels of IGF-1 and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers in MM. Western blotting and flow cytometry analysis were performed to detect the protein levels of EMT markers as well as key components of the PI3K/Akt pathway. Cell proliferation ability was assessed using colony formation assay and EdU incorporation assays. Transwell migration and invasion assays were performed to assess cell metastasis properties. Vimentin was knocked down by using electro-transfection with small interfering RNA (siRNA) to detect the effect of IGF-1-mediated EMT on MM cell growth and metastasis. KEY FINDINGS First of all, the analysis of GEO database revealed that IGF-1 was excessively expressed and closely correlated with the expression of the EMT markers in MM patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IGF-1 enhanced the acquisition of mesenchymal features in a time-dependent manner. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed that IGF-1-mediated mesenchymal phenotype promoted MM migration, invasion and colony formation. Finally, the mechanism study showed PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was involved in the IGF-1-induced EMT in MM cells. SIGNIFICANCE IGF-1-induced mesenchymal phenotype contributed to MM progression via the PI3K/Akt pathway regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Peng
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Fangmei Li
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Peihua Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiaman Wang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ying Shen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yuandong Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yachun Jia
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ru Zhang
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jinsong Hu
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China.
| | - Aili He
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'An City, Shaanxi Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Dragano NRV, Fernø J, Diéguez C, López M, Milbank E. Recent Updates on Obesity Treatments: Available Drugs and Future Directions. Neuroscience 2020; 437:215-239. [PMID: 32360593 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the last thirty years, obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is now regarded as a major health issue in contemporary society trending to serious economic and social burdens. The latest projections of the World Health Organization are alarming. By 2030, nearly 60% of the worldwide population could be either obese or overweight, highlighting the needs to find innovative treatments. Currently, bariatric surgery is the most effective way to efficiently lower body mass. Although great improvements in terms of recovery and patient care were made in these surgical procedures, bariatric surgery remains an option for extreme forms of obesity and seems unable to tackle obesity pandemic expansion. Throughout the last century, numerous pharmacological strategies targeting either peripheral or central components of the energy balance regulatory system were designed to reduce body mass, some of them reaching sufficient levels of efficiency and safety. Nevertheless, obesity drug therapy remains quite limited on its effectiveness to actually overcome the obesogenic environment. Thus, innovative unimolecular polypharmacology strategies, able to simultaneously target multiple actors involved in the obesity initiation and expansion, were developed during the last ten years opening a new promising avenue in the pharmacological management of obesity. In this review, we first describe the clinical features of obesity-associated conditions and then focus on the outcomes of currently approved drug therapies for obesity as well as new ones expecting to reach the clinic in the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia R V Dragano
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| | - Johan Fernø
- Hormone Laboratory, Haukeland University Hospital, N-5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Carlos Diéguez
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Miguel López
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain
| | - Edward Milbank
- NeurObesity Group, Department of Physiology, CiMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela-Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Santiago de Compostela 15782, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), 15706, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gong T, Xu J, Heng B, Qiu S, Yi B, Han Y, Lo ECM, Zhang C. EphrinB2/EphB4 Signaling Regulates DPSCs to Induce Sprouting Angiogenesis of Endothelial Cells. J Dent Res 2019; 98:803-812. [PMID: 31017515 DOI: 10.1177/0022034519843886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are capable of facilitating angiogenesis resembling pericytes when located adjacent to endothelial cells (ECs). Nevertheless, the precise mechanisms orchestrating their proangiogenic functions remain unclear. Using a 3-dimensional (3-D) fibrin gel model, we aimed to investigate whether EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling in DPSCs plays a role in supporting vascular morphogenesis mediated by ECs, together with the underlying mechanism involved. The EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling was inhibited either by a pharmacological inhibitor of EphB4 receptor or by knocking down the expressions of EphrinB2 and EphB4 using lentiviral small hairpin RNA (shRNA). DPSCs were either encapsulated in fibrin gel together with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) or cultured as a monolayer on top of HUVECs to investigate both paracrine and juxtacrine interactions simultaneously. Following 10 d of direct coculture, we found that pharmacological inhibition of EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling severely impaired vessel formation and laminin deposition. When directly cocultured with HUVECs, knockdown of EphrinB2 or EphB4 in DPSCs significantly inhibited endothelial sprouting, resulting in less capillary sprouts with reduced vessel length (P < 0.05). By contrast, when DPSCs were not in direct contact with HUVECs, attenuation of EphrinB2 or EphB4 expression levels in DPSCs did not exert any significant effects on capillary morphogenesis. Noticeably, exogenous stimulation with soluble EphrinB2-Fc or EphB4-Fc (1 µg/mL) enhanced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion from DPSCs, thereby moderately promoting angiogenic cascades in the fibrin matrix. This study, for the first time, reveals a crucial role of EphrinB2/EphB4 signaling in regulating the capacity of DPSCs to induce sprouting angiogenesis. These findings advance our understanding of postnatal angiogenesis and may have future regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Gong
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,4 HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China
| | - J Xu
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - B Heng
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - S Qiu
- 2 Shenzhen Key Laboratory of ENT, Institute of ENT & Longgang ENT Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - B Yi
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Han
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - E C M Lo
- 3 Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Zhang
- 1 Endodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China.,4 HKU Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Argueta C, Kashyap T, Klebanov B, Unger TJ, Guo C, Harrington S, Baloglu E, Lee M, Senapedis W, Shacham S, Landesman Y. Selinexor synergizes with dexamethasone to repress mTORC1 signaling and induce multiple myeloma cell death. Oncotarget 2018; 9:25529-25544. [PMID: 29876006 PMCID: PMC5986633 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that results in over 11,000 deaths in the United States annually. The backbone therapy for the treatment of MM patients almost always includes combinations with corticosteroids such as dexamethasone (DEX). We found that DEX in combination with selinexor, an inhibitor of exportin-1 (XPO1) activity, synergistically inhibits the mTOR pathway and subsequently promotes cell death in MM cells. Specifically, we show that selinexor induces the expression of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and when combined with dexamethasone increases GR transcriptional activity. Moreover, we found that key downstream targets of the mTOR pathway are deregulated by the combination and identified a mechanism in which GR enhances the expression of REDD1 in GR positive cells while suppressing mTOR activity and cell viability. While the single agent activity of selinexor in MM cells appears to be GR-independent, synergy with DEX depends on GR expression. These data suggest that patients with tumor cells that are GR positive will benefit substantially from the combination. The current findings are consistent with the beneficial therapeutic outcome in patients with MM when treated with the combination of selinexor and DEX. In addition, they provide a rationale for testing GR and REDD1 as predictive and prognostic markers of response, respectively, for patients treated with this beneficial combination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Cathy Guo
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | | | - Margaret Lee
- Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc, Newton, MA 02459, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wei X, Calvo-Vidal MN, Chen S, Wu G, Revuelta MV, Sun J, Zhang J, Walsh MF, Nichols KE, Joseph V, Snyder C, Vachon CM, McKay JD, Wang SP, Jayabalan DS, Jacobs LM, Becirovic D, Waller RG, Artomov M, Viale A, Patel J, Phillip J, Chen-Kiang S, Curtin K, Salama M, Atanackovic D, Niesvizky R, Landgren O, Slager SL, Godley LA, Churpek J, Garber JE, Anderson KC, Daly MJ, Roeder RG, Dumontet C, Lynch HT, Mullighan CG, Camp NJ, Offit K, Klein RJ, Yu H, Cerchietti L, Lipkin SM. Germline Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 ( LSD1/KDM1A) Mutations Confer Susceptibility to Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2747-2759. [PMID: 29559475 PMCID: PMC5955848 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-1900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Given the frequent and largely incurable occurrence of multiple myeloma, identification of germline genetic mutations that predispose cells to multiple myeloma may provide insight into disease etiology and the developmental mechanisms of its cell of origin, the plasma cell (PC). Here, we identified familial and early-onset multiple myeloma kindreds with truncating mutations in lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1/KDM1A), an epigenetic transcriptional repressor that primarily demethylates histone H3 on lysine 4 and regulates hematopoietic stem cell self-renewal. In addition, we found higher rates of germline truncating and predicted deleterious missense KDM1A mutations in patients with multiple myeloma unselected for family history compared with controls. Both monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma cells have significantly lower KDM1A transcript levels compared with normal PCs. Transcriptome analysis of multiple myeloma cells from KDM1A mutation carriers shows enrichment of pathways and MYC target genes previously associated with myeloma pathogenesis. In mice, antigen challenge followed by pharmacologic inhibition of KDM1A promoted PC expansion, enhanced secondary immune response, elicited appearance of serum paraprotein, and mediated upregulation of MYC transcriptional targets. These changes are consistent with the development of MGUS. Collectively, our findings show that KDM1A is the first autosomal-dominant multiple myeloma germline predisposition gene providing new insights into its mechanistic roles as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation.Significance: KDM1A is the first germline autosomal dominant predisposition gene identified in multiple myeloma and provides new insights into multiple myeloma etiology and the mechanistic role of KDM1A as a tumor suppressor during post-germinal center B-cell differentiation. Cancer Res; 78(10); 2747-59. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomu Wei
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | | | - Siwei Chen
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Gang Wu
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Maria V Revuelta
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jian Sun
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Jinghui Zhang
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | | | - Kim E Nichols
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Vijai Joseph
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mykyta Artomov
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Agnes Viale
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Jude Phillip
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | - Ruben Niesvizky
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Ola Landgren
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth Offit
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.
| | | | - Steven M Lipkin
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Stone TW, McPherson M, Gail Darlington L. Obesity and Cancer: Existing and New Hypotheses for a Causal Connection. EBioMedicine 2018; 30:14-28. [PMID: 29526577 PMCID: PMC5952217 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Existing explanations of obesity-associated cancer emphasise direct mutagenic effects of dietary components or hormonal imbalance. Some of these hypotheses are reviewed briefly, but recent evidence suggests a major role for chronic inflammation in cancer risk, possibly involving dietary content. These ideas include the inflammation-induced activation of the kynurenine pathway and its role in feeding and metabolism by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and by modulating synaptic transmission in the brain. Evidence for a role of the kynurenine pathway in carcinogenesis then provides a potentially major link between obesity and cancer. A second new hypothesis is based on evidence that serine proteases can deplete cells of the tumour suppressors Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) and neogenin. These enzymes include mammalian chymotryptic proteases released by pro-inflammatory neutrophils and macrophages. Blood levels of chymotrypsin itself increase in parallel with food intake. The mechanistically similar bacterial enzyme subtilisin is widespread in the environment, animal probiotics, meat processing and cleaning products. Simple public health schemes in these areas, with selective serine protease inhibitors and AHR antagonists and could prevent a range of intestinal and other cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trevor W Stone
- The Kennedy Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK; Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Megan McPherson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Vishwamitra D, George SK, Shi P, Kaseb AO, Amin HM. Type I insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling in hematological malignancies. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1814-1844. [PMID: 27661006 PMCID: PMC5352101 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling system plays key roles in the establishment and progression of different types of cancer. In agreement with this idea, substantial evidence has shown that the type I IGF receptor (IGF-IR) and its primary ligand IGF-I are important for maintaining the survival of malignant cells of hematopoietic origin. In this review, we discuss current understanding of the role of IGF-IR signaling in cancer with a focus on the hematological neoplasms. We also address the emergence of IGF-IR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of different types of cancer including plasma cell myeloma, leukemia, and lymphoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deeksha Vishwamitra
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suraj Konnath George
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ahmed O Kaseb
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hesham M Amin
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.,The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bieghs L, Johnsen HE, Maes K, Menu E, Van Valckenborgh E, Overgaard MT, Nyegaard M, Conover CA, Vanderkerken K, De Bruyne E. The insulin-like growth factor system in multiple myeloma: diagnostic and therapeutic potential. Oncotarget 2018; 7:48732-48752. [PMID: 27129151 PMCID: PMC5217049 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a highly heterogeneous plasma cell malignancy. The MM cells reside in the bone marrow (BM), where reciprocal interactions with the BM niche foster MM cell survival, proliferation, and drug resistance. As in most cancers, the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system has been demonstrated to play a key role in the pathogenesis of MM. The IGF system consists of IGF ligands, IGF receptors, IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs), and IGFBP proteases and contributes not only to the survival, proliferation, and homing of MM cells, but also MM-associated angiogenesis and osteolysis. Furthermore, increased IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) expression on MM cells correlates with a poor prognosis in MM patients. Despite the prominent role of the IGF system in MM, strategies targeting the IGF-IR using blocking antibodies or small molecule inhibitors have failed to translate into the clinic. However, increasing preclinical evidence indicates that IGF-I is also involved in the development of drug resistance against current standard-of-care agents against MM, including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory agents, and corticoids. IGF-IR targeting has been able to overcome or revert this drug resistance in animal models, enhancing the efficacy of standard-of-care agents. This finding has generated renewed interest in the therapeutic potential of IGF-I targeting in MM. The present review provides an update of the impact of the different IGF system components in MM and discusses the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liesbeth Bieghs
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hans E Johnsen
- Department of Hematology, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg University, Denmark.,Clinical Cancer Research Center, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Denmark
| | - Ken Maes
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eline Menu
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Els Van Valckenborgh
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicin, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Cheryl A Conover
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Myeloma Center Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122740. [PMID: 29258207 PMCID: PMC5751341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of lectins that bind β-galactose-containing glycoconjugates and are characterized by carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Galectins exploit several biological functions, including angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activities and cell adhesion, in both physiological and pathological processes, as tumor progression. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterized by the tight adhesion between tumoral PCs and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, leading to the increase of PC survival and drug resistance, MM-induced neo-angiogenesis, immunosuppression and osteolytic bone lesions. In this review, we explore the expression profiles and the roles of galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8 and galectin-9 in the pathophysiology of MM. We focus on the role of these lectins in the interplay between MM and BM microenvironment cells showing their involvement in MM progression mainly through the regulation of PC survival and MM-induced angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The translational impact of these pre-clinical pieces of evidence is supported by recent data that indicate galectins could be new attractive targets to block MM cell growth in vivo and by the evidence that the expression levels of LGALS1 and LGALS8, genes encoding for galectin-1 and galectin-8 respectively, correlate to MM patients’ survival.
Collapse
|
26
|
Liu F, Luo G, Xiao Q, Chen L, Luo X, Lv J, Chen L. Fucoidan inhibits angiogenesis induced by multiple myeloma cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1963-72. [PMID: 27498597 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable hematological neoplasms. Our previous studies showed that Fucoidan possessed anti-myeloma effect by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting invasion of myeloma cells. In this study, we evaluated the effect of Fucoidan on angiogenesis induced by human myeloma cells and elucidated its possible mechanisms. Multiple myeloma cells were treated with Fucoidan at different concentrations, then the conditioned medium (CM) was collected. The levels of VEGF in the CM were tested by ELISA. The results showed that Fucoidan significantly decreased VEGF secretion by RPMI-8226 and U266 cells. The tube formation assay and migration test on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to examine the effect of Fucoidan on angiogenesis induced by human myeloma cells. The results showed that Fucoidan decreased HUVECs formed tube structures and inhibited HUVECs migration, and suppressed the angiogenic ability of multiple myeloma RPMI-8226 and U266 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The study also showed that Fucoidan downregulated the expression of several kinds of proteins, which may be correlated with the reduction of angiogenesis induced by myeloma cells. Moreover, results were compared from normoxic and hypoxic conditions, they showed that Fucoidan had anti-angiogenic activity. Furthermore, in a multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model, it indicated that Fucoidan negatively affected tumor growth and angiogenesis in vivo. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that Fucoidan was able to interfere with angiogenesis of multiple myeloma cells both in vitro and in vivo and may have a substantial potential in the treatment of MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fen Liu
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Guoping Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Qing Xiao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Liping Chen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Luo
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Jinglong Lv
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| | - Lixue Chen
- The Central Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Altieri B, Tirabassi G, Della Casa S, Ronchi CL, Balercia G, Orio F, Pontecorvi A, Colao A, Muscogiuri G. Adrenocortical tumors and insulin resistance: What is the first step? Int J Cancer 2015; 138:2785-94. [PMID: 26637955 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenetic mechanisms underlying the onset of adrenocortical tumors (ACTs) are still largely unknown. Recently, more attention has been paid to the role of insulin and insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on general tumor development and progression. Increased levels of insulin, IGF-1 and IGF-2 are associated with tumor cell growth and increased risk of cancer promotion and progression in patients with type 2 diabetes. Insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia may play a role in adrenal tumor growth through the activation of insulin and IGF-1 receptors. Interestingly, apparently non-functioning ACTs are often associated with a high prevalence of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. However, it is unclear if ACT develops from a primary insulin resistance and compensatory hyperinsulinemia or if insulin resistance is only secondary to the slight cortisol hypersecretion by ACT. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence regarding the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and adrenocortical tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Altieri
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Tirabassi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Silvia Della Casa
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina L Ronchi
- Endocrine and Diabetes Unit, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - Giancarlo Balercia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Umberto I Hospital, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Orio
- Department of Sports Science and Wellness, Parthenope University, Naples, Italy.,Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Fertility Techniques Structure, University Hospital S. Giovanni Di Dio E Ruggi D'aragona, Salerno, Italy
| | - Alfredo Pontecorvi
- Institute of Medical Pathology, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Muscogiuri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Section of Endocrinology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharifpanah F, De Silva S, Bekhite MM, Hurtado-Oliveros J, Preissner KT, Wartenberg M, Sauer H. Stimulation of vasculogenesis and leukopoiesis of embryonic stem cells by extracellular transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA. Free Radic Biol Med 2015; 89:1203-17. [PMID: 26524400 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.10.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cell injury releases nucleic acids supporting inflammation and stem cell activation. Here, the impact of extracellular ribonucleic acid, especially transfer RNA (ex-tRNA), on vasculogenesis and leukopoiesis of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells was investigated. APPROACH AND RESULTS ex-tRNA, whole cell RNA and ribosomal RNA (ex-rRNA) but not DNA increased CD31-positive vascular structures in embryoid bodies. Ex-tRNA and ex-rRNA increased numbers of VEGFR2(+), CD31(+) and VE-cadherin(+) vascular cells as well as CD18(+), CD45(+) and CD68(+) cells, indicating leukocyte/macrophage differentiation. This was paralleled by mRNA and protein expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), vascular endothelial growth factor-165 (VEGF165) and neuropilin 1 (NRP1), phosphorylation of phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2) as well as mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). ex-tRNA was taken up by endosomes, increased expression of the pro-angiogenic semaphorin B4 receptor plexin B1 as well as the ephrin-type B receptor 4 (EphB4) and ephrinB2 ligand and enhanced cell migration, which was inhibited by the VEGFR2 antagonist SU5614 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002. This likewise abolished the effects of ex-tRNA on vasculogenesis and leukopoiesis of ES cells. Ex-tRNA increased NOX1, NOX2, NOX4 and DUOX2 mRNA and boosted the generation of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide which was inhibited by radical scavengers, the NADPH oxidase inhibitors apocynin, VAS2870, ML171, and plumbagin as well as shRNA silencing of NOX1 and NOX4. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that ex-tRNA treatment induces vasculogenesis and leukopoiesis of ES cells via superoxide/hydrogen peroxide generated by NADPH oxidase and activation of VEGFR2 and PI3K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sharifpanah
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sepali De Silva
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Mohamed M Bekhite
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Division, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Klaus T Preissner
- Center for Sepsis Control and Care, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Maria Wartenberg
- Clinic of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology Division, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinrich Sauer
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Holkova B, Zingone A, Kmieciak M, Bose P, Badros AZ, Voorhees PM, Baz R, Korde N, Lin HY, Chen JQ, Herrmann M, Xi L, Raffeld M, Zhao X, Wan W, Tombes MB, Shrader E, Weir-Wiggins C, Sankala H, Hogan KT, Doyle A, Annunziata CM, Wellons M, Roberts JD, Sullivan D, Landgren O, Grant S. A Phase II Trial of AZD6244 (Selumetinib, ARRY-142886), an Oral MEK1/2 Inhibitor, in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2015; 22:1067-75. [PMID: 26446942 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-1076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AZD6244 is a MEK1/2 inhibitor with significant preclinical activity in multiple myeloma cells. This phase II study used a two-stage Simon design to determine the AZD6244 response rate in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AZD6244 (75 mg) was administered orally, twice a day, continuously for 28-day cycles. Response was evaluated after three cycles. RESULTS Thirty-six patients received therapy. The median age was 65 years (range: 43-81) and the median number of prior therapies was 5 (range: 2-11). The most common grade 3 and 4 toxicities included anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, diarrhea, and fatigue. Three deaths occurred possibly related to AZD6244 (2 due to sepsis, 1 due to acute kidney injury). After AZD6244 discontinuation, three additional deaths occurred due to disease progression. The response rate (CR + PR) was 5.6% with a mean duration of response of 4.95 months and median progression-free survival time of 3.52 months. One patient had a very good partial response (VGPR), 1 patient had a partial response, 17 patients had stable disease, 13 patients had progressive disease, and 4 patients could not be assessed for response. Pharmacodynamic studies revealed variable effects on bone marrow CD138(+) cell MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The best clinical response, a prolonged VGPR, occurred in a patient with an MMSET translocation. CONCLUSIONS Single-agent AZD6244 was tolerable and had minimal activity in this heavily pretreated population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beata Holkova
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Adriana Zingone
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maciej Kmieciak
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Prithviraj Bose
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ashraf Z Badros
- Department of Medicine, Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Peter M Voorhees
- Department of Medicine, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Rachid Baz
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Neha Korde
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Hui-Yi Lin
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Jin-Qiu Chen
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michelle Herrmann
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Liqiang Xi
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mark Raffeld
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiuhua Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics and Biomedical Informatics, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Wen Wan
- Department of Biostatistics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Mary Beth Tombes
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ellen Shrader
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Caryn Weir-Wiggins
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Heidi Sankala
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kevin T Hogan
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Austin Doyle
- Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Martha Wellons
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - John D Roberts
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Daniel Sullivan
- Chemical Biology and Molecular Medicine Program, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Ola Landgren
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Steven Grant
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia. Institute for Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sahin I, Azab F, Mishima Y, Moschetta M, Tsang B, Glavey SV, Manier S, Zhang Y, Sacco A, Roccaro AM, Azab AK, Ghobrial IM. Targeting survival and cell trafficking in multiple myeloma and Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia using pan-class I PI3K inhibitor, buparlisib. Am J Hematol 2014; 89:1030-6. [PMID: 25060991 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) pathway is activated in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom Macroglobulenima (WM), and plays a crucial role in tumor progression and drug resistance. In this study, we characterized the role of pan-class I PI3K inhibition on cell trafficking and survival of MM and WM cells. We tested the effect of pan-class I PI3K inhibition by siRNA silencing or pharmacologic inhibition with buparlisib on MM cell survival, apoptosis and cell cycle in vitro and tumor growth and mobilization of MM cells in vivo. We then evaluated buparlisib-dependent mechanisms of induced MM cell mobilization. Moreover, the effect of buparlisib on cell survival, apoptosis, and adhesion of WM cells to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been evaluated. We showed that buparlisib induced toxicity in MM cells, supported by induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. Buparlisib was also found to reduce tumor progression in vivo. Importantly, buparlisib enhanced MM cell mobilization in vivo which was driven by decreased adhesion of MM cells to BMSCs and increased chemotaxis via up-regulation of CXCR4 expression. Similar to its effects on MM cells, buparlisib also induced cell survival and apoptosis, and decreased adhesion in WM cells. These data highlight the critical contribution of class I PI3K signaling to the regulation of survival and cell dissemination in B-cell malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilyas Sahin
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Feda Azab
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Yuji Mishima
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Michele Moschetta
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Brian Tsang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Siobhan V. Glavey
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Salomon Manier
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Antonio Sacco
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Aldo M. Roccaro
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | - Abdel Kareem Azab
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, School of Medicine; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Irene M. Ghobrial
- Department of Medical Oncology; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Nur H, Rao L, Frassanito MA, De Raeve H, Ribatti D, Mfopou JK, Van Valckenborgh E, De Bruyne E, Vacca A, Vanderkerken K, Menu E. Stimulation of invariant natural killer T cells by α-Galactosylceramide activates the JAK-STAT pathway in endothelial cells and reduces angiogenesis in the 5T33 multiple myeloma model. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:651-63. [PMID: 25142285 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Tumour pathogenesis in multiple myeloma (MM) correlates with a high vascular index. Therefore, targeting angiogenesis is an important therapeutic tool to reduce MM progression. This study aimed to investigate the role of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells in angiogenesis and the mechanisms behind the stimulation by α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer). We have previously found that α-GalCer could increase the survival of 5T33MM mice and here we demonstrate that α-GalCer reduces the microvessel density. We performed both in vivo and in vitro angiogenic assays to confirm this observation. We found that conditioned medium of α-GalCer stimulated iNKT cells reduced neovascularization in the chick chorioallantoic membrane and in matrigel plug assays. Moreover, we observed a reduction in proliferation, migration and network formation and an induction of apoptosis upon exposure of murine endothelial cell lines to this conditioned medium. We furthermore observed that the JAK-STAT signaling pathway was highly activated in endothelial cells in response to stimulated iNKT cells, indicating the possible role of IFN-γ in the anti-angiogenic process. In conclusion, these results highlight the possibility of recruiting iNKT cells to target MM and angiogenesis. This gives a rationale for combining immunotherapy with conventional anti-tumour treatments in view of increasing their therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haneen Nur
- Department of Haematology and Immunology, Myeloma Centre Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Hebron University, Hebron, Palestine
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
RUI MINGZHONG, HUANG ZHANPING, LIU YING, WANG ZIYAN, LIU RUI, FU JINXIANG, HUANG HAIWEN. Rosiglitazone suppresses angiogenesis in multiple myeloma via downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA expression. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2137-43. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Accepted: 04/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
|
33
|
CD28-mediated pro-survival signaling induces chemotherapeutic resistance in multiple myeloma. Blood 2014; 123:3770-9. [PMID: 24782505 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2013-10-530964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic resistance remains a significant hurdle in the treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and is significantly mediated by interactions between MM cells and stromal cells of the bone marrow microenvironment. Despite the importance of these interactions, the specific molecules and downstream signaling components involved remain incompletely understood. We have previously shown that the prototypic T-cell costimulatory receptor CD28, which is also expressed on MM cells, is a key mediator of MM survival and apoptotic resistance. Crosslinking CD28 by agonistic antibodies or myeloid dendritic cells (DC; these express the CD28 ligands CD80/CD86) prevents apoptosis caused by chemotherapy or serum withdrawal. We now report that CD28 pro-survival signaling is dependent upon downstream activation of phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase/Akt, inactivation of the transcription factor FoxO3a, and decreased expression of the pro-apoptotic molecule Bim. Conversely, blocking the CD28-CD80/CD86 interaction between MM cells and DC in vitro abrogates the DC's ability to protect MM cells against chemotherapy-induced death. Consistent with these observations, in vivo blockade of CD28-CD80/CD86 in the Vk*MYC murine myeloma model sensitizes MM cells to chemotherapy and significantly reduces tumor burden. Taken together, our findings suggest that CD28 is an important mediator of MM survival during stress and can be targeted to overcome chemotherapy resistance.
Collapse
|
34
|
Xu S, Cecilia Santini G, De Veirman K, Vande Broek I, Leleu X, De Becker A, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Upregulation of miR-135b is involved in the impaired osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells derived from multiple myeloma patients. PLoS One 2013; 8:e79752. [PMID: 24223191 PMCID: PMC3819242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0079752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that mesenchymal stem cells from multiple myeloma (MM) patients (MM-hMSCs) display a distinctive gene expression profile, an enhanced production of cytokines and an impaired osteogenic differentiation ability compared to normal donors (ND-hMSCs). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. In the present study, we observed that MM-hMSCs exhibited an abnormal upregulation of miR-135b, showing meanwhile an impaired osteogenic differentiation and a decrease of SMAD5 expression, which is the target of miR-135b involved in osteogenesis. By gain and loss of function studies we confirmed that miR-135b negatively regulated hMSCs osteogenesis. We also found that MM cell-produced factors stimulated ND-hMSCs to upregulate the expression of miR-135b. Importantly, treatment with a miR-135b inhibitor promoted osteogenic differentiation in MM-hMSCs. Finally, we observed that MM cell-derived soluble factors could induce an upregulation of miR-135b expression in ND-hMSCs in an indirect coculture system and the miR-135b expression turned to normal level after the removal of MM cells. Collectively, we provide evidence that miR-135b is involved in the impaired osteogenic differentiation of MSCs derived from MM patients and might therefore be a promising target for controlling bone disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, P.R.China
- Stem Cell Laboratory-Division Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gaia Cecilia Santini
- Stem Cell Laboratory-Division Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Kim De Veirman
- Stem Cell Laboratory-Division Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Vande Broek
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Service d'Hématologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU), Lille, France
| | - Ann De Becker
- Stem Cell Laboratory-Division Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ben Van Camp
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karin Vanderkerken
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Van Riet
- Stem Cell Laboratory-Division Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Hematology and Immunology-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Myeloma Center Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Inoue H, Hase K, Segawa A, Takita T. H89 (N-[2-p-bromocinnamylamino-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide) induces autophagy independently of protein kinase A inhibition. Eur J Pharmacol 2013; 714:170-7. [PMID: 23810683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2013.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a degradation pathway for cytoplasmic proteins and organelles in eukaryotes. Although the mechanisms of autophagy regulation are not completely understood, the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway plays a major role in controlling the induction of autophagy. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) has also been shown to regulate autophagy in yeast and mammalian cells. In an effort to elucidate the role of the cAMP/PKA pathway in autophagy, we used the PKA inhibitor N-[2-p-bromocinnamylamino-ethyl]-5-isoquinolinesulphonamide (H89) to treat mammalian cells. Our data demonstrated that H89 induced autophagy at 10 μM, which is a commonly used concentration for PKA inhibition, but PKA inhibition was not involved in the induction of autophagy. The effects of cAMP on autophagy seemed to be dependent on the cell type and the culture conditions. In addition, we investigated which protein kinase was involved in H89-induced autophagy because several kinases other than PKA have been shown to be inhibited by 10 μM of H89. There was no protein kinase largely responsible for autophagy induction, although the inhibition of Akt, which is a downstream effector protein kinase of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, appeared to be partially associated. Furthermore, H89-induced autophagy was independent of TOR. H89 is a widely used PKA inhibitor, but PKA-independent effects have been reported. Therefore, it is suggested that autophagy induction is a nonspecific effect of H89, and H89-induced autophagy is independent of the cAMP-PKA and the TOR pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Inoue
- Department of Electrical, Engineering and Bioscience, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Waseda University, TWIns, 2-2, Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8480, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yun HJ, Kim G, Khanal P, Kim K, Oh CH, Choi HK, Sohn H, Choi HS. Inhibitory effects of a new 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine derivative, KIST101029, on activator protein-1 activity and neoplastic cell transformation induced by insulin-like growth factor-1. Biol Pharm Bull 2013; 36:1466-73. [PMID: 23748899 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b13-00244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diarylureas and diarylamides derivatives are reported to have antitumor activity. Encouraged by the interesting antiproliferative activity of diarylurea and diarylamide derivatives, we synthesized a new series of diarylureas and diarylamides containing pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridine scaffold. In this study, we demonstrate that a N-(3-(4-benzamido-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-1-yl)phenyl)-4-morpholino-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide, KIST101029, inhibits neoplastic cell transformation induced by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in mouse epidermal JB6 Cl41 cells. The KIST101029 compound inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase kinases (MEK), c-jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathways induced by IGF-1 in JB6 Cl41 cells, resulting in the inhibition of c-fos and c-jun transcriptional activity. In addition, the KIST101029 inhibited the associated activator protein-1 (AP-1) transactivation activity and cell transformation induced by IGF-1 in JB6 Cl41 cells. Consistent with these observations, in vivo chorioallantoic membrane assay also showed that the KIST101029 inhibited IGF-1-induced tumorigenicity of JB6 Cl41 cells. Importantly, KIST101029 suppressed the colony formation of A375 cells in soft agar. Taken together, these results indicate that a KIST101029 might exert chemopreventive effects through the inhibition of phosphorylation of MAPK and mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
37
|
Osteopontin and MMP9: Associations with VEGF Expression/Secretion and Angiogenesis in PC3 Prostate Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:617-38. [PMID: 24216994 PMCID: PMC3730333 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin and MMP9 are implicated in angiogenesis and cancer progression. The objective of this study is to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying angiogenesis, and to elucidate the role of osteopontin in this process. We report here that osteopontin/αvβ3 signaling pathway which involves ERK1/2 phosphorylation regulates the expression of VEGF. An inhibitor to MEK or curcumin significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and expression of VEGF. MMP9 knockdown reduces the secretion but not the expression of VEGF. Moreover, MMP9 knockdown increases the release of angiostatin, a key protein that suppresses angiogenesis. Conditioned media from PC3 cells treated with curcumin or MEK inhibitor inhibited tube formation in vitro in human microvascular endothelial cells. Similar inhibitory effect on tube formation was found with conditioned media collected from PC3 cells expressing mutant-osteopontin at integrin-binding site and knockdown of osteopontin or MMP9. We conclude that MMP9 activation is associated with angiogenesis via regulation of secretion of VEGF and angiostatin in PC3 cells. Curcumin is thus a potential drug for cancer treatment because it demonstrated anti-angiogenic and anti-invasive properties.
Collapse
|
38
|
Tagoug I, Jordheim LP, Herveau S, Matera EL, Huber AL, Chettab K, Manié S, Dumontet C. Therapeutic enhancement of ER stress by insulin-like growth factor I sensitizes myeloma cells to proteasomal inhibitors. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:3556-66. [PMID: 23674497 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Multiple myeloma is a clonal plasma cell disorder in which growth and proliferation are linked to a variety of growth factors, including insulin-like growth factor type I (IGF-I). Bortezomib, the first-in-class proteasome inhibitor, has displayed significant antitumor activity in multiple myeloma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We analyzed the impact of IGF-I combined with proteasome inhibitors on multiple myeloma cell lines in vivo and in vitro as well as on fresh human myeloma cells. RESULTS Our study shows that IGF-I enhances the cytotoxic effect of proteasome inhibitors against myeloma cells. The effect of bortezomib on the content of proapoptotic proteins such as Bax, Bad, Bak, and BimS and antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, XIAP, Bfl-1, and survivin was enhanced by IGF-I. The addition of IGF-I to bortezomib had a minor effect on NF-κB signaling in MM.1S cells while strongly enhancing reticulum stress. This resulted in an unfolded protein response (UPR), which was required for the potentiating effect of IGF-I on bortezomib cytotoxicity as shown by siRNA-mediated inhibition of GADD153 expression. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the high baseline level of protein synthesis in myeloma can be exploited therapeutically by combining proteasome inhibitors with IGF-I, which possesses a "priming" effect on myeloma cells for this family of compounds.
Collapse
|
39
|
Xu S, De Veirman K, Evans H, Santini GC, Vande Broek I, Leleu X, De Becker A, Van Camp B, Croucher P, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Effect of the HDAC inhibitor vorinostat on the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and bone formation in vivo. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:699-709. [PMID: 23564084 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Vorinostat, a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor currently in a clinical phase III trial for multiple myeloma (MM) patients, has been reported to cause bone loss. The purpose of this study was to test whether, and to what extent, vorinostat influences the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in vitro and bone formation in vivo. METHODS Bone marrow-derived MSCs were prepared from both normal donors and MM patients. The MSCs were cultured in an osteogenic differentiation induction medium to induce osteogenic differentiation, which was evaluated by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, Alizarin Red S staining and the mRNA expression of osteogenic markers. Naïve mice were administered vorinostat (100 mg/kg, ip) every other day for 3 weeks. After the mice were sacrificed, bone formation was assessed based on serum osteocalcin level and histomorphometric analysis. RESULTS Vorinostat inhibited the viability of hMSCs in a concentration-dependent manner (the IC50 value was 15.57 μmol/L). The low concentration of vorinostat (1 μmol/L) did not significantly increase apoptosis in hMSCs, whereas pronounced apoptosis was observed following exposure to higher concentrations of vorinostat (10 and 50 μmol/L). In bone marrow-derived hMSCs from both normal donors and MM patients, vorinostat (1 μmol/L) significantly increased ALP activity, mRNA expression of osteogenic markers, and matrix mineralization. These effects were associated with upregulation of the bone-specifying transcription factor Runx2 and with the epigenetic alterations during normal hMSCs osteogenic differentiation. Importantly, the mice treated with vorinostat did not show any bone loss in response to the optimized treatment regimen. CONCLUSION Vorinostat, known as a potent anti-myeloma drug, stimulates MSC osteogenesis in vitro. With the optimized treatment regimen, any decrease in bone formation was not observed in vivo.
Collapse
|
40
|
Pappa CA, Tsirakis G, Psarakis FE, Kolovou A, Tsigaridaki M, Stafylaki D, Sfiridaki K, Alexandrakis MG. Lack of correlation between angiogenic cytokines and serum insulin-like growth factor-1 in patients with multiple myeloma. Med Oncol 2012; 30:363. [PMID: 23266941 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-012-0363-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There are many growth factors influencing the expansion of multiple myeloma (MM). Angiogenesis is a process that may enhance MM growth, in various manners. Among them, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a major factor, acting in many levels. The aim of the study was to measure serum levels of IGF-1 in newly diagnosed MM patients and to correlate them with clinical stage of the disease and with markers of angiogenesis, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), and interleukin-6 and 15 (IL-6 and IL-15). Serum levels of the above factors were measured, by ELISA, in 57 newly diagnosed MM patients and in 20 healthy controls. There was no difference in serum levels of IGF-1 in MM patients and in controls, contrary to angiogenic factors, which were higher in MM patients (p < 0.001). Similarly, IGF-1 did not correlate with clinical stage of the disease nor the other angiogenic factors, which also correlated with each other (p < 0.001). Serum IGF-1 concentrations are not influenced in MM patients. Therefore, although it is a proliferation cytokine, it cannot be used as marker of disease activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C A Pappa
- Hematology Department, Venizelion Hospital of Heraklion, Heraklion, Greece
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seccareccia E, Brodt P. The role of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in malignancy: an update. Growth Horm IGF Res 2012; 22:193-199. [PMID: 23098677 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2012.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the past three decades, evidence has been accumulating that the IGF-I receptor/ligand system plays an important role in malignant disease. This has led to a search for specific inhibitors of the IGF receptor for cancer therapy, revealing some predictable, but also unexpected challenges. Here we review recent data that highlight the essential role of the IGF axis in several important steps in cancer cell progression and metastasis and highlight cellular processes that have been the focus of much interest and new insight in recent years. Strategies used to target the IGF axis clinically are summarized and the obstacles encountered are discussed.
Collapse
|
42
|
Sakoda K, Nakajima Y, Noguchi K. Enamel matrix derivative induces production of vascular endothelial cell growth factor in human gingival fibroblasts. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:513-9. [PMID: 23167467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00999.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Enamel matrix derivative (EMD) may enhance periodontal wound healing by inducing angiogenesis. We sought to investigate the effect and the mechanism of action of EMD on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production by human gingival fibroblasts. Cells were stimulated with EMD, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), or fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), with or without antibodies to TGF-β1 or FGF-2. The levels of VEGF in the culture media were measured using an ELISA. We examined the effects of SB203580 [a p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) inhibitor], U0126 [an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor], SP600125 [a c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor], and LY294002 [a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt inhibitor] on EMD-induced VEGF production. Enamel matrix derivative stimulated the production of VEGF in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of human gingival fibroblasts with antibodies to TGF-β1 or FGF-2 significantly decreased EMD-induced VEGF production, whereas the addition of exogenous TGF-β1 and FGF-2 stimulated VEGF production. Enamel matrix derivative-induced VEGF production was significantly attenuated by SB203580, U0126, and LY294002. Our results suggest that EMD stimulates VEGF production partially via TGF-β1 and FGF-2 in human gingival fibroblasts and that EMD-induced VEGF production is regulated by ERK, p38 MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways. Enamel matrix derivative-induced production of VEGF by human gingival fibroblasts may be involved in the enhancement of periodontal wound healing by inducing angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Sakoda
- Department of Periodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Xu S, Menu E, De Becker A, Van Camp B, Vanderkerken K, Van Riet I. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells are attracted by multiple myeloma cell-produced chemokine CCL25 and favor myeloma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Stem Cells 2012; 30:266-79. [PMID: 22102554 DOI: 10.1002/stem.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy of terminally differentiated plasma cells that are predominantly localized in the bone marrow (BM). Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) give rise to most BM stromal cells that interact with MM cells. However, the direct involvement of MSCs in the pathophysiology of MM has not been well addressed. In this study, in vitro and in vivo migration assays revealed that MSCs have tropism toward MM cells, and CCL25 was identified as a major MM cell-produced chemoattractant for MSCs. By coculture experiments, we found that MSCs favor the proliferation of stroma-dependent MM cells through soluble factors and cell to cell contact, which was confirmed by intrafemoral coengraftment experiments. We also demonstrated that MSCs protected MM cells against spontaneous and Bortezomib-induced apoptosis. The tumor-promoting effect of MSCs correlated with their capacity to enhance AKT and ERK activities in MM cells, accompanied with increased expression of CyclinD2, CDK4, and Bcl-XL and decreased cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase expression. In turn, MM cells upregulated interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, insulin growth factor-1, vascular endothelial growth factor, and dickkopf homolog 1 expression in MSCs. Finally, infusion of in vitro-expanded murine MSCs in 5T33MM mice resulted in a significantly shorter survival. MSC infusion is a promising way to support hematopoietic recovery and to control graft versus host disease in patients after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, our data suggest that MSC-based cytotherapy has a potential risk for MM disease progression or relapse and should be considered with caution in MM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Xu
- Stem Cell Laboratory, Division of Clinical Hematology, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZ Brussel), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Razmara M, Eger G, Rorsman C, Heldin CH, Lennartsson J. MKP3 negatively modulates PDGF-induced Akt and Erk5 phosphorylation as well as chemotaxis. Cell Signal 2012; 24:635-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2011.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2011] [Revised: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
45
|
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a downstream serine/threonine kinase of the PI3K/Akt pathway that integrates signals from the tumor microenvironment to regulate multiple cellular processes. Rapamycin and its analogs have not shown significant activity in multiple myeloma (MM), likely because of the lack of inhibition of TORC2. In the present study, we investigated the baseline activity of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway TORC1/2 in MM cell lines with different genetic abnormalities. TORC1/2 knock-down led to significant inhibition of the proliferation of MM cells, even in the presence of BM stromal cells. We also tested INK128, a dual TORC1/2 inhibitor, as a new therapeutic agent against these MM cell lines. We showed that dual TORC1/2 inhibition is much more active than TORC1 inhibition alone (rapamycin), even in the presence of cytokines or stromal cells. In vitro and in vivo studies showed that p-4EBP1 and p-Akt inhibition could be predictive markers of TORC2 inhibition in MM cell lines. Dual TORC1/2 inhibition showed better inhibition of adhesion to BM microenvironmental cells and inhibition of homing in vivo. These studies form the basis for further clinical testing of TORC1/2 inhibitors in MM.
Collapse
|
46
|
Ozkan EE. Plasma and tissue insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) as a prognostic marker for prostate cancer and anti-IGF-IR agents as novel therapeutic strategy for refractory cases: a review. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 344:1-24. [PMID: 21782884 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer database analysis indicates that prostate cancer is one of the most seen cancers in men meanwhile composing the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among developed countries. Current available therapies are surgery, radiotherapy and androgene ablation for prostate carcinoma. The response rate is as high nearly 90% however, most of these recur or become refractory and androgene independent (AI). Therefore recent studies intensified on molecular factors playing role on development of prostate carcinoma and novel treatment strategies targetting these factors and their receptors. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and its primary receptor insulin-like growth factor receptor-I (IGF-IR) are among these factors. Biologic functions and role in malign progression are primarily achieved via IGF-IR which is a type 2 tyrosine kinase receptor. IGF-IR plays an important role in mitogenesis, angiogenesis, transformation, apoptosis and cell motility. It also generates intensive proliferative signals leading to carcinogenesis in prostate tissue. So IGF-IR and its associated signalling system have provoked considerable interest over recent years as a novel therapeutic target in cancer. In this paper it is aimed to sum up the lately published literature searching the relation of IGF-IR and prostate cancer in terms of incidence, pathologic features, and prognosis. This is followed by a discussion of the different possible targets within the IGF-1R system, and drugs developed to interact at each target. A systems-based approach is then used to review the in vitro and in vivo data in the published literature of the following compounds targeting IGF-1R components using specific examples: growth hormone releasing hormone antagonists (e.g. JV-1-38), growth hormone receptor antagonists (e.g. pegvisomant), IGF-1R antibodies (e.g. CP-751,871, AVE1642/EM164, IMC-A12, SCH-717454, BIIB022, AMG 479, MK-0646/h7C10), and IGF-1R tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g. BMS-536942, BMS-554417, NVP-AEW541, NVP-ADW742, AG1024, potent quinolinyl-derived imidazo (1,5-a)pyrazine PQIP, picropodophyllin PPP, nordihydroguaiaretic acid Insm-18/NDGA). And the other end point is to yield an overview on the recent progress about usage of this receptor as a novel anticancer agent of targeted therapies in treatment of prostate carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emine Elif Ozkan
- OSM Middle East Health Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, Sanliurfa 63000, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
IGF2 derived from SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induces the osteoclastogenesis of human monocytic precursors. Exp Cell Res 2011; 317:2147-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2011.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Revised: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
48
|
Feng Y, Wen J, Mike P, Choi DS, Eshoa C, Shi ZZ, Zu Y, Chang CC. Bone marrow stromal cells from myeloma patients support the growth of myeloma stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 19:1289-96. [PMID: 20121456 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2010.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well documented that bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) of multiple myeloma patients play a pivotal role in supporting the growth of mature myeloma cells. With evolving concepts concerning the presence of myeloma stem (initiating) cells, we aimed this investigation to specifically address the supportive role of BMSCs for myeloma stem cell growth in vitro and in vivo. BMSC lines were derived from myeloma or control patients (myeloma or control BMSCs). Myeloma stem cells of the RPMI 8226 myeloma cell line were recognized through the identification of "side populations" (SP) with Hoechst dye staining. SP cells formed more colonies when grown on myeloma BMSC than on control BMSC. Additionally, higher percentages of SP cells were observed when grown on myeloma BMSCs than on control BMSCs. In the mouse model, SP cells inoculated with myeloma BMSCs grew faster than those inoculated with control BMSCs. Of note, SP cells demonstrated an increased expression of CD184 (CXCR4) compared with non-SP cells. The expression of CD184 in SP cells was further increased when they were cultured with myeloma BMSCs. CD184(+) SP cells formed more colonies than CD184(-) SP cells. Treatment with AMD 3100, an inhibitor of CD184, reduced colony formation by CD184(+) SP cells when co-cultured with myeloma BMSCs. This was associated with the decreased activation of ERK, a downstream target of activated CD184, in myeloma cells. These findings indicate that the myeloma BMSCs create a microenvironment supportive of myeloma stem cells via, at least partially, the CXCR4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Feng
- Department of Pathology, The Methodist Hospital and The Methodist Hospital Research Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lemaire M, Deleu S, De Bruyne E, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Vanderkerken K. The microenvironment and molecular biology of the multiple myeloma tumor. Adv Cancer Res 2011; 110:19-42. [PMID: 21704227 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386469-7.00002-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a deadly plasma cell cancer that resides in the bone marrow (BM). Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of the BM microenvironment supporting tumor growth, angiogenesis, bone disease and drug resistance. Reciprocal interactions between the different components of the BM microenvironment and the MM cells are necessary to regulate migration, differentiation, proliferation and survival of the malignant plasma cells. In this review we focus on the interactions and molecular mechanisms by which the BM microenvironment exert these effects. Better understanding of these interactions and the study of the epigenetic changes that tumor cells undergo are necessary in order to improve current treatments and for the discovery of new therapies that may eventually lead to a potential cure.
Collapse
|
50
|
De Bruyne E, Bos TJ, Schuit F, Van Valckenborgh E, Menu E, Thorrez L, Atadja P, Jernberg-Wiklund H, Vanderkerken K. IGF-1 suppresses Bim expression in multiple myeloma via epigenetic and posttranslational mechanisms. Blood 2010; 115:2430-40. [PMID: 20086250 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-07-232801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is an important growth and survival factor in multiple myeloma (MM). Here, we demonstrate that IGF-1 induces significant down-regulation of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim in MM cells. Reduced Bim levels by RNA interference (RNAi) protected cells from drug-induced cell death. The IGF-1-mediated down-regulation of Bim was the result of (1) reduced transcription by activation of the Akt pathway and inactivation of the transcription factor FoxO3a, (2) increased proteasome-mediated degradation of the Bim extra-long protein by activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, and (3) epigenetic regulation of both the Bim and the FoxO3a promoter. Treatment of cells with the histone deacetylase inhibitor LBH589 resulted in a clear up-regulation in the expression of Bim. Furthermore, the methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'deoxycytidine (decitabine) significantly increased the effects of LBH589. On IGF-1 treatment, the Bim promoter region was found to be unmethylated, whereas chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the IGF-1-treated cells showed both a reduced histone H3 tail Lys9 (H3K9) acetylation and an increased H3K9 dimethylation, which contributed actively to its silencing. These data identify a new mechanism in the IGF-1-dependent survival of MM cells and emphasize the need for IGF-1-targeted drug therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elke De Bruyne
- Department of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|