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Ahmed S, Alam W, Alsharif KF, Aschner M, Alzahrani FM, Saso L, Khan H. Therapeutic potential of marine peptides in malignant melanoma. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115771. [PMID: 36967001 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is the most dangerous type of skin cancer. It is becoming more common globally and is increasingly resistant to treatment options. Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology, there are still no proven cures for metastatic melanoma. Unfortunately, current treatments are frequently ineffective and costly, and have several adverse effects. Natural substances have been extensively researched for their anti-MM capabilities. Chemoprevention and adjuvant therapy with natural products is an emerging strategy to prevent, cure or treat melanoma. Numerous prospective drugs are found in aquatic species, providing a plentiful supply of lead cytotoxic chemicals for cancer treatment. Anticancer peptides are less harmful to healthy cells and cure cancer through several different methods, such as altered cell viability, apoptosis, angiogenesis/metastasis suppression, microtubule balance disturbances and targeting lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane. This review addresses marine peptides as effective and safe treatments for MM and details their molecular mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Waqas Alam
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Khalaf F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer"Sapienza University, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
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2
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Sugumaran A, Pandiyan R, Kandasamy P, Antoniraj MG, Navabshan I, Sakthivel B, Dharmaraj S, Chinnaiyan SK, Ashokkumar V, Ngamcharussrivichai C. Marine biome-derived secondary metabolites, a class of promising antineoplastic agents: A systematic review on their classification, mechanism of action and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 836:155445. [PMID: 35490806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most deadly diseases on the planet. Over the past decades, numerous antineoplastic compounds have been discovered from natural resources such as medicinal plants and marine species as part of multiple drug discovery initiatives. Notably, several marine flora (e.g. Ascophyllum nodosum, Sargassum thunbergii) have been identified as a rich source for novel cytotoxic compounds of different chemical forms. Despite the availability of enormous chemically enhanced new resources, the anticancer potential of marine flora and fauna has received little attention. Interestingly, numerous marine-derived secondary metabolites (e.g., Cytarabine, Trabectedin) have exhibited anticancer effects in preclinical cancer models. Most of the anticancer drugs obtained from marine sources stimulated apoptotic signal transduction pathways in cancer cells, such as the intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This review highlights the sources of different cytotoxic secondary metabolites obtained from marine bacteria, algae, fungi, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Furthermore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the utilisation of numerous marine-derived cytotoxic compounds as anticancer drugs, as well as their modes of action (e.g., molecular target). Finally, it also discusses the future prospects of marine-derived drug developments and their constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abimanyu Sugumaran
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, India
| | - Rajesh Pandiyan
- Centre for Materials Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research, Selaiyur, Chennai 600073, India
| | - Palanivel Kandasamy
- Membrane Transport Discovery Lab, Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Biomedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mariya Gover Antoniraj
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of Negev, Israel
| | - Irfan Navabshan
- Crescent School of Pharmacy, B.S. Abdur Rahman Cresent Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India
| | | | - Selvakumar Dharmaraj
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Academy of Maritime Education and Training [AMET] (Deemed to be University), Chennai 603112, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Santhosh Kumar Chinnaiyan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Srikrupa Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Velikatta, Kondapak, Siddipet, Telangana State 502277, India.
| | - Veeramuthu Ashokkumar
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India; Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Chawalit Ngamcharussrivichai
- Center of Excellence in Catalysis for Bioenergy and Renewable Chemicals (CBRC), Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathum Wan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Aqueous Extract of Sea Squirt (Halocynthia roretzi) with Potent Activity against Human Cancer Cells Acts Synergistically with Doxorubicin. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20050284. [PMID: 35621935 PMCID: PMC9143001 DOI: 10.3390/md20050284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine ascidian is becoming one of the main sources of an antitumor drug that has shown high bioactivity and extensive application in cancer treatment. Halocynthia roretzi, an edible marine sea squirt, has been demonstrated to have various kinds of biological activities, such as anti-diabetic, anti-hypertension, and enhancing immunity. In this study, we reported that aqueous extracts from the edible parts of H. roretzi presented significantly inhibiting the efficiency on HepG-2 cell viability. The separate mixed compound exhibited strong effects of inhibitory proliferation and induced apoptosis via the generation of ROS along with the concurrent loss of mitochondrial membrane potential on tumor cells. Furthermore, we found that there existed a significantly synergistic effect of the ascidian-extracted compound mixture with the anti-cancer drug doxorubicin. In the presence of the extracts from H. roretzi, the dose of doxorubicin at the cellular level could be reduced by a half dose. The extracts were further divided by semipreparative-HPLC and the active ingredients were identified as a mixture of fatty amide, which was composed of hexadecanamide, stearamide, and erucamide by UHPLC-MS/MS. Our results suggest that the potential toxicity of ascidian H. roretzi in tumor cells, and the compounds extracted from H. roretzi could be potentially utilized on functional nutraceuticals or as an adjunct in combination with chemotherapy.
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Ahmed S, Khan H, Fakhri S, Aschner M, Cheang WS. Therapeutic potential of marine peptides in cervical and ovarian cancers. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:605-619. [PMID: 34855045 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04306-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cervical and ovarian cancers contribute significantly to female morbidity and mortality worldwide. The current standard of treatment, including surgical removal, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, offers poor outcomes. There are many side effects to traditional chemotherapeutic agents and treatment-resistant types, and often the immune response is depressed. As a result, traditional approaches have evolved to include new alternative remedies, such as natural compounds. Aquatic species provide a rich supply of possible drugs. The potential anti-cancer peptides are less toxic to normal cells and can attenuate multiple drug resistance by providing an efficacious treatment approach. The physiological effects of marine peptides are described in this review focusing on various pathways, such as apoptosis, microtubule balance disturbances, suppression of angiogenesis, cell migration/invasion, and cell viability. The review also highlights the potential role of marine peptides as safe and efficacious therapeutic agent for the treatment of cervical and ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan.
| | - Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, 6734667149, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Wai San Cheang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Zhuhai, China
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Sekar P, Ravitchandirane R, Khanam S, Muniraj N, Cassinadane AV. Novel molecules as the emerging trends in cancer treatment: an update. Med Oncol 2022; 39:20. [PMID: 34982273 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As per World Health Organization cancer remains as a leading killer disease causing nearly 10 million deaths in 2020. Since the burden of cancer increases worldwide, warranting an urgent search for anti-cancer compounds from natural sources. Secondary metabolites from plants, marine organisms exhibit a novel chemical and structural diversity holding a great promise as therapeutics in cancer treatment. These natural metabolites target only the cancer cells and the normal healthy cells are left unharmed. In the emerging trends of cancer treatment, the natural bioactive compounds have long become a part of cancer chemotherapy. In this review, we have tried to compile about eight bioactive compounds from plant origin viz. combretastatin, ginsenoside, lycopene, quercetin, resveratrol, silymarin, sulforaphane and withaferin A, four marine-derived compounds viz. bryostatins, dolastatins, eribulin, plitidepsin and three microorganisms viz. Clostridium, Mycobacterium bovis and Streptococcus pyogenes with their well-established anticancer potential, mechanism of action and clinical establishments are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Sekar
- Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pondicherry, 605102, India
| | | | - Sofia Khanam
- Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Sciences, Howrah, WB, 711316, India
| | - Nethaji Muniraj
- Centre for Cancer Immunology Research, Children's National Hospital, Children's National Research Institute, 111 Michigan Ave NW, Washington, D.C, 20010, USA.
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Gammone MA, Danese A, D'Orazio N. Anti-Angiogenetic Agents from the Sea: A New Potential Preventive and Therapeutic Wave? Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2005-2011. [PMID: 32628594 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705215226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, generation of novel blood vessels from pre-existing ones, is a prerequisite for the physiological expansion, reparation, and functioning of body tissues and systems. However, it is also involved in some pathological inflammatory situations, such as oncologic and chronic degenerative disorders. The correct angiogenesis and neo-vascular response also accompanies wound healing, interaction with biocompatible materials, and tissue regeneration. In this respect, natural products deriving from terrestrial and marine plants/organisms may prevent and even cure various angiogenesis-dependent disorders. Bioactive natural compounds with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities could concur to maintain adequate vascularization and endothelial functions and inhibit angiogenesis, thus controlling tumor development. This review aims to illustrate the role of some marine-derived compounds as anti-angiogenetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria A Gammone
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonella Danese
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicolantonio D'Orazio
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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7
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Anwar S, Almatroudi A, Alsahli MA, Khan MA, Khan AA, Rahmani AH. Natural Products: Implication in Cancer Prevention and Treatment through Modulating Various Biological Activities. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:2025-2040. [PMID: 32628596 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200705220307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most leading causes of death worldwide. It is one of the primary global diseases that cause morbidity and mortality in millions of people. It is usually caused by different carcinogenic agents that damage the genetic material and alter the cell signaling pathways. Carcinogens are classified into two groups as genotoxic and non-genotoxic agents. Genotoxic carcinogens are capable of directly altering the genetic material, while the non-genotoxic carcinogens are capable of producing cancer by some secondary mechanisms not related to direct gene damage. There is undoubtedly the greatest need to utilize some novel natural products as anticancer agents, as these are within reach everywhere. Interventions by some natural products aimed at decreasing the levels and conditions of these risk factors can reduce the frequency of cancer incidences. Cancer is conventionally treated by surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy, but such treatments may be fast-acting and causes adverse effects on normal tissues. Alternative and innovative methods of cancer treatment with the least side effects and improved efficiency are being encouraged. In this review, we discuss the different risk factors of cancer development, conventional and innovative strategies of its management and provide a brief review of the most recognized natural products used as anticancer agents globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehwaz Anwar
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masood A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad A Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad H Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
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8
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Aaghaz S, Gohel V, Kamal A. Peptides as Potential Anticancer Agents. Curr Top Med Chem 2019; 19:1491-1511. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666190125161517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cancer consists of heterogeneous multiple cell subpopulation which at a later stage develop resistant phenotypes, which include resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli and/or cytotoxic resistance to anticancer compounds. The property of cancerous cells to affect almost any part of the body categorizes cancer to many anatomic and molecular subtypes, each requiring a particular therapeutic intervention. As several modalities are hindered in a variety of cancers and as the cancer cells accrue varied types of oncogenic mutations during their progression the most likely benefit will be obtained by a combination of therapeutic agents that might address the diverse hallmarks of cancer. Natural compounds are the backbone of cancer therapeutics owing to their property of affecting the DNA impairment and restoration mechanisms and also the gene expression modulated via several epigenetic molecular mechanisms. Bioactive peptides isolated from flora and fauna have transformed the arena of antitumour therapy and prompt progress in preclinical studies is promising. The difficulties in creating ACP rest in improving its delivery to the tumour site and it also must maintain a low toxicity profile. The substantial production costs, low selectivity and proteolytic stability of some ACP are some of the factors hindering the progress of peptide drug development. Recently, several publications have tried to edify the field with the idea of using peptides as adjuvants with established drugs for antineoplastic use. This review focuses on peptides from natural sources that precisely target tumour cells and subsequently serve as anticancer agents that are less toxic to normal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Aaghaz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Vivek Gohel
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), S.A.S Nagar, Mohali, India
| | - Ahmed Kamal
- School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (SPER), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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Leisch M, Egle A, Greil R. Plitidepsin: a potential new treatment for relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma. Future Oncol 2019; 15:109-120. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plitidepsin is a marine-derived anticancer compound isolated from the Mediterranean tunicate Applidium albicans. It exerts pleiotropic effects on cancer cells, most likely by binding to the eukaryotic translation eEF1A2. This ultimately leads to cell-cycle arrest, growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis via multiple pathway alterations. Recently, a Phase III randomized trial in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma reported outcomes for plitidepsin plus dexamethasone compared with dexamethasone. Median progression-free survival was 3.8 months in the plitidepsin arm and 1.9 months in the dexamethasone arm (HR: 0.611; p = 0.0048). Here, we review preclinical data regarding plitidepsins mechanism of action, give an overview of clinical trial results across different tumor types as well as the latest results in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Leisch
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology & Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute – Laboratory of Immunological & Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Alexander Egle
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology & Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute – Laboratory of Immunological & Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
| | - Richard Greil
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Medical Oncology, Haemostaseology, Infectiology & Rheumatology, Oncologic Center, Salzburg Cancer Research Institute – Laboratory of Immunological & Molecular Cancer Research (SCRI-LIMCR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Austria
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10
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El Bairi K, Amrani M, Afqir S. Starvation tactics using natural compounds for advanced cancers: pharmacodynamics, clinical efficacy, and predictive biomarkers. Cancer Med 2018; 7:2221-2246. [PMID: 29732738 PMCID: PMC6010871 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality associated with oncological diseases is mostly due to tumors in advanced stages, and their management is a major challenge in modern oncology. Angiogenesis is a defined hallmark of cancer and predisposes to metastatic invasion and dissemination and is therefore an important druggable target for cancer drug discovery. Recently, because of drug resistance and poor prognosis, new anticancer drugs from natural sources targeting tumor vessels have attracted more attention and have been used in several randomized and controlled clinical trials as therapeutic options. Here, we outline and discuss potential natural compounds as salvage treatment for advanced cancers from recent and ongoing clinical trials and real-world studies. We also discuss predictive biomarkers for patients' selection to optimize the use of these potential anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid El Bairi
- Faculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohamed Ist UniversityOujdaMorocco
| | - Mariam Amrani
- Equipe de Recherche en Virologie et Onco‐biologieFaculty of MedicinePathology DepartmentNational Institute of OncologyUniversité Mohamed VRabatMorocco
| | - Said Afqir
- Department of Medical OncologyMohamed VI University HospitalOujdaMorocco
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11
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Inhibition of IL-8 secretion on BxPC-3 and MIA PaCa-2 cells and induction of cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells with marine natural products. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:153-160. [PMID: 27749658 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer presents one of the most negative prognosis of all cancers as it has usually metastasized by the time a patient is diagnosed. The American Cancer Society estimates that 93% of patients will die within 5 years of diagnosis, highlighting the need for new drugs to treat this disease. Interleukin 8 (IL-8) mediates the angiogenesis of tumors arising from Ras mutations, which are present in about 90% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Overexpression of IL-8 in pancreatic tumors is believed to promote tumor angiogenesis and to activate survival signaling pathways. A 96-well cell-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was set up to screen the Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute library of marine natural products to identify those with the ability to inhibit IL-8 production by BxPC-3 pancreatic cancer cells. Over 1000 fractions were screened, resulting in the identification of 10 known marine natural products with this ability. These compounds fall into four classes of compounds including the pyrroloiminoquinone alkaloids secobatzelline A and isobatzelline C; mycalamide A and B, onnamide A, discalamide A, and theopederin K from the mycalamide class of polyketides; the lipopeptide microcolin A; and the cyclic depsipeptides didemnin B and nordidemnin B. In addition, didemnin B, nordidemnin B, and theopederin K induce potent cytotoxicity against four pancreatic cancer cell lines tested. Many of these compounds have been previously reported to inhibit protein synthesis and the decrease in IL-8 production may be nonspecific. Nevertheless, this is a new activity for these compounds and inhibition of IL-8 secretion by pancreatic cancer cells can now be added to the previously reported antiangiogenic activities of the didemnins.
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12
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Two cyclic hexapeptides from Penicillium sp. FN070315 with antiangiogenic activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184339. [PMID: 28950026 PMCID: PMC5614539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In the course of searching for angiogenesis inhibitors from microorganisms, two cyclic peptides, PF1171A (1) and PF1171C (2) were isolated from the soil fungus Penicillium sp. FN070315. In the present study, we investigated the antiangiogenic efficacy and associated mechanisms of 1 and 2in vitro using human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs at concentrations not exhibiting cytotoxicity. Moreover, 1 and 2 significantly suppressed vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced migration, invasion, proliferation and tube formation of HUVECs as well as neovascularization of the chorioallantoic membrane in developing chick embryos. We also identified an association between the antiangiogenic activity of 1 and 2 and the downregulation of both the phosphorylation of VEGF receptor 2 and the expression of hypoxia inducible factor-1α at the protein level. Taken together, these results further suggest that compounds 1 and 2 will be promising angiogenesis inhibitors.
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13
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Wang L, Dong C, Li X, Han W, Su X. Anticancer potential of bioactive peptides from animal sources (Review). Oncol Rep 2017; 38:637-651. [PMID: 28677775 DOI: 10.3892/or.2017.5778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of human death worldwide. Conventional anticancer therapies, including chemotherapy and radiation, are associated with severe side effects and toxicities as well as low specificity. Peptides are rapidly being developed as potential anticancer agents that specifically target cancer cells and are less toxic to normal tissues, thus making them a better alternative for the prevention and management of cancer. Recent research has focused on anticancer peptides from natural animal sources, such as terrestrial mammals, marine animals, amphibians, and animal venoms. However, the mode of action by which bioactive peptides inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells remains unclear. In this review, we present the animal sources from which bioactive peptides with anticancer activity are derived and discuss multiple proposed mechanisms by which these peptides exert cytotoxic effects against cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghong Wang
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dong
- College of Basic Medicine of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xian Li
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Wenyan Han
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
| | - Xiulan Su
- Clinical Medicine Research Center of the Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huimin, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010050, P.R. China
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14
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Yue PYK, Leung HM, Li AJ, Chan TNC, Lum TS, Chung YL, Sung YH, Wong MH, Leung KSY, Zeng EY. Angiosuppressive properties of marine-derived compounds-a mini review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:8990-9001. [PMID: 26520098 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5536-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis, formation of new blood vessels from preexisting one, is a critical step of tumorgenesis of solid tumors. Therefore, antiangiogenic therapy is one of the promising approaches to control tumor growth. In the past 20 years, a lot of compounds have been tested for their antiangiogenic properties. Bevacizumab, Avastin®, the first antiangiogenic drug approved by the US FDA, has been widely used in clinic for treating cancer. Indeed, many synthetic compounds are highly toxic and exert side effects even though they are effective in inhibiting neovessel formation and cancer cell growth. Using natural compounds or their derivatives is one of the ways to solve these problems. Sinomenine and ginsenosides are common antiangiogenic and anticancer compounds that are extracted from herbal medicines. Recent findings suggested that marine algae-derived natural pigments also possess similar activities. It has been reported that fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida, Siphonaxanthin from Codium fragile, can inhibit angiogenesis and cancer growth effectively. In conclusion, natural compounds derived from marine algae could provide a novel and safe source for new drug development in anticancer and antiangiogenic properties in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Y K Yue
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
| | - H M Leung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Adela J Li
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Tracy N C Chan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - T S Lum
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y L Chung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Y H Sung
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - M H Wong
- Department of Science and Environmental Studies, Hong Kong Institute of Education, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Kelvin S Y Leung
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, HKSAR, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Eddy Y Zeng
- School of Environment and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure and Health, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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15
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Varinska L, Kubatka P, Mojzis J, Zulli A, Gazdikova K, Zubor P, Büsselberg D, Caprnda M, Opatrilova R, Gasparova I, Klabusay M, Pec M, Fibach E, Adamek M, Kruzliak P. Angiomodulators in cancer therapy: New perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 89:578-590. [PMID: 28258040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of new blood vessels plays a crucial for the development and progression of pathophysiological changes associated with a variety of disorders, including carcinogenesis. Angiogenesis inhibitors (anti-angiogenics) are an important part of treatment for some types of cancer. Some natural products isolated from marine invertebrates have revealed antiangiogenic activities, which are diverse in structure and mechanisms of action. Many preclinical studies have generated new models for further modification and optimization of anti-angiogenic substances, and new information for mechanistic studies and new anti-cancer drug candidates for clinical practice. Moreover, in the last decade it has become apparent that galectins are important regulators of tumor angiogenesis, as well as microRNA. MicroRNAs have been validated to modulate endothelial cell migration or endothelial tube organization. In the present review we summarize the current knowledge regarding the role of marine-derived natural products, galectins and microRNAs in tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Varinska
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Jan Mojzis
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Anthony Zulli
- The Centre for Chronic Disease, College of Health & Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, Werribee Campus, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovak Republic.
| | - Pavol Zubor
- Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medicine in Qatar, Qatar Foundation-Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Martin Caprnda
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Radka Opatrilova
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Martin Klabusay
- Department of Haemato-Oncology and Department of Internal Medicine - Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Martin Pec
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Eitan Fibach
- Department of Hematology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Mariusz Adamek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr. 1/1946, 612 42 Brno, Czechia.
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16
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Alonso-Álvarez S, Pardal E, Sánchez-Nieto D, Navarro M, Caballero MD, Mateos MV, Martín A. Plitidepsin: design, development, and potential place in therapy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2017; 11:253-264. [PMID: 28176904 PMCID: PMC5261604 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s94165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Plitidepsin is a cyclic depsipeptide that was first isolated from a Mediterranean marine tunicate (Aplidium albicans) and, at present, is manufactured by total synthesis and commercialized as Aplidin®. Its antitumor activity, observed in preclinical in vitro and in vivo studies has prompted numerous clinical trials to be conducted over the last 17 years, alone or in combination with other anticancer agents. Single-agent plitidepsin has shown limited antitumor activity and a tolerable safety profile in several malignancies, such as noncutaneous peripheral T-cell lymphoma, melanoma, and multiple myeloma. In patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, plitidepsin activity seems to be enhanced after addition of dexamethasone while remaining well tolerated, and a Phase III trial comparing plitidepsin plus dexamethasone vs dexamethasone alone is underway. Additional studies are required to better define the role of plitidepsin in combination with other active agents in these indications. Results of plitidepsin activity in other hematological malignancies or solid tumors have been disappointing so far. Further studies analyzing its mechanisms of action and potential biomarkers will help select patients who may benefit most from this drug. In this review, we critically analyze the published studies on plitidepsin in hematological malignancies and solid tumors and discuss its current role and future perspectives in treating these malignancies. We also review its design, pharmaceutical data, and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Alonso-Álvarez
- Hematology Department, IBSAL-CIC-USAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilia Pardal
- Hematology Department, Hospital Virgen del Puerto, Plasencia, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Navarro
- Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, IBSAL, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Caballero
- Hematology Department, IBSAL-CIC-USAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Maria Victoria Mateos
- Hematology Department, IBSAL-CIC-USAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alejandro Martín
- Hematology Department, IBSAL-CIC-USAL, Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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17
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Phase I dose-escalation study of plitidepsin in combination with bevacizumab in patients with refractory solid tumors. Anticancer Drugs 2016; 27:1021-7. [DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Giacomini A, Chiodelli P, Matarazzo S, Rusnati M, Presta M, Ronca R. Blocking the FGF/FGFR system as a two-compartment antiangiogenic/antitumor approach in cancer therapy. Pharmacol Res 2016; 107:172-185. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Jain A, Lai JCK, Bhushan A. Biochanin A inhibits endothelial cell functions and proangiogenic pathways: implications in glioma therapy. Anticancer Drugs 2015; 26:323-30. [PMID: 25501542 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas, such as glioblastoma multiforme, are highly vascularized tumors of the central nervous system. A rich network of angiogenic vessels supporting glioma growth is an important therapeutic target in glioma therapy. In the past few years, small molecules have gained interest as multitargeting therapies for cancer. Biochanin A is a small, natural dietary isoflavone known for its anticancer potential. Previously, we have found that biochanin A inhibits invasion in human glioblastoma cells. In this study, we elucidated the antiangiogenic mechanisms of biochanin A using rat brain tumor (C6) and murine brain endothelial (bEnd.3) cells and an ex-vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane model. Biochanin A inhibited endothelial cell functions such as cell viability, migration, and invasion, as analyzed using MTT, scratch wound, and gelatin zymography assays. Activation of proangiogenic proteins (ERK/AKT/mTOR) was inhibited. Biochanin A also inhibited chemical hypoxia-inducible factor-1α and vascular endothelial growth factor in C6 cells. Results of chick chorioallantoic membrane assay showed that biochanin A inhibited blood vessel formation ex vivo. As these results suggest that biochanin A directly targets different facets of angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo, this study provides a rationale for future preclinical evaluation of its efficacy against angiogenic gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Jain
- aDepartment of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky bDepartment of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, ISU Biomedical Research Institute, Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho cDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson School of Pharmacy, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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20
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Borjan B, Steiner N, Karbon S, Kern J, Francesch A, Hermann M, Willenbacher W, Gunsilius E, Untergasser G. The Aplidin analogs PM01215 and PM02781 inhibit angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:738. [PMID: 26483043 PMCID: PMC4615365 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1729-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel synthesized analogs of Aplidin, PM01215 and PM02781, were tested for antiangiogenic effects on primary human endothelial cells in vitro and for inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo. METHODS Antiangiogenic activity of both derivatives was evaluated by real-time cell proliferation, capillary tube formation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced spheroid sprouting assays. Distribution of endothelial cells in the different phases of the cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry. Aplidin analogs were tested in vivo in chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. RESULTS Both derivatives inhibited angiogenic capacities of human endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro at low nanomolar concentrations. Antiangiogenic effects of both analogs were observed in the CAM. In addition, growth of human multiple myeloma xenografts in vivo in CAM was significantly reduced after application of both analogs. On the molecular level, both derivatives induced cell cycle arrest in G1 phase. This growth arrest of endothelial cells correlated with induction of the cell cycle inhibitor p16(INK4A) and increased senescence-associated beta galactosidase activity. In addition, Aplidin analogs induced oxidative stress and decreased production of the vascular maturation factors Vasohibin-1 and Dickkopf-3. CONCLUSIONS From these findings we conclude that both analogs are promising agents for the development of antiangiogenic drugs acting independent on classical inhibition of VEGF signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojana Borjan
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Normann Steiner
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Silvia Karbon
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Johann Kern
- Oncotyrol GmbH, Karl Kapfererstrasse 5, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Andrés Francesch
- Pharmamar, R&D Department, Avda de los Reyes 1, 28770, Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Martin Hermann
- Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Wolfgang Willenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Eberhard Gunsilius
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Gerold Untergasser
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Innsbruck Medical University, Innrain 66, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria. .,Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
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21
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Khazir J, Riley DL, Pilcher LA, De-Maayer P, Mir BA. Anticancer Agents from Diverse Natural Sources. Nat Prod Commun 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1400901130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review attempts to portray the discovery and development of anticancer agents/drugs from diverse natural sources. Natural molecules from these natural sources including plants, microbes and marine organisms have been the basis of treatment of human diseases since the ancient times. Compounds derived from nature have been important sources of new drugs and also serve as templates for synthetic modification. Many successful anti-cancer drugs currently in use are naturally derived or their analogues and many more are under clinical trials. This review aims to highlight the invaluable role that natural products have played, and continue to play, in the discovery of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabeena Khazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Darren L. Riley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Lynne A. Pilcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Pieter De-Maayer
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Bilal Ahmad Mir
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Genomics Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
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22
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Beesoo R, Neergheen-Bhujun V, Bhagooli R, Bahorun T. Apoptosis inducing lead compounds isolated from marine organisms of potential relevance in cancer treatment. Mutat Res 2014; 768:84-97. [PMID: 24685981 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Revised: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical defense mechanism against the formation and progression of cancer and exhibits distinct morphological and biochemical traits. Targeting apoptotic pathways becomes an intriguing strategy for the development of chemotherapeutic agents particularly if the process is selective to cancer cells. Marine natural products have become important sources in the discovery of antitumour drugs, especially when recent technological and methodological advances have increased the scope of investigations of marine organisms. A high number of individual compounds from diverse organisms have induced apoptosis in several tumour cell lines via a number of mechanisms. Here, we review the effects of selected marine natural products and their synthetic derivatives on apoptosis signalling pathways in association with their pharmacological properties. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Beesoo
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Vidushi Neergheen-Bhujun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Ranjeet Bhagooli
- Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius
| | - Theeshan Bahorun
- ANDI Centre of Excellence for Biomedical and Biomaterials Research, University of Mauritius, Reduit, Mauritius.
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23
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Liu G, Liu M, Wei J, Huang H, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Xiao L, Wu N, Zheng L, Lin X. CS5931, a novel polypeptide in Ciona savignyi, represses angiogenesis via inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Mar Drugs 2014; 12:1530-44. [PMID: 24633253 PMCID: PMC3967225 DOI: 10.3390/md12031530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
CS5931 is a novel polypeptide from Cionasavignyi with anticancer activities. Previous study in our laboratory has shown that CS5931 can induce cell death via mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. In the present study, we found that the polypeptide could inhibit angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. CS5931 inhibited the proliferation, migration and formation of capillary-like structures of HUVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell) in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, CS5931 repressed spontaneous angiogenesis of the zebrafish vessels. Further studies showed that CS5931 also blocked vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) production but without any effect on its mRNA expression. Moreover, CS5931 reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) both on protein and mRNA levels in HUVEC cells. We demonstrated that CS5931 possessed strong anti-angiogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo, possible via VEGF and MMPs. This study indicates that CS5931 has the potential to be developed as a novel therapeutic agent as an inhibitor of angiogenesis for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Liu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
| | - Jianteng Wei
- Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China.
| | - Haijuan Huang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Yuyan Zhang
- Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China.
| | - Jin Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Lin Xiao
- Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Ning Wu
- Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 7 Nanhai Road, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Lanhong Zheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266109, China.
| | - Xiukun Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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24
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Abstract
This paper illustrates some biochemical and pharmacological properties of two natural marine products such as trabectedin (ET-743, Yondelis) and aplidine. Trabectedin has shown clinical antitumor activity in refractory soft tissue sarcoma and ovarian cancer. The lack of cross resistance of trabectedin with other chemotherapeutic drugs is presumably related to its peculiar mode of action, that seems to be related to a promoter-dependent transcription modulation. Aplidine is a potent pro-apoptotic inducer in human leukemia and has antiangiogenic properties. These examples support the view that more research should be carried out to investigate new natural marine products since there are compounds among them with antitumor properties. Some of them appear to act by mechanisms different from those of conventional chemotherapeutic drugs and thus may be effective against tumors for which no active drugs are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D'Incalci
- Department of Oncology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche "Mario Negri", Via Eritrea 62, Milan, Italy.
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25
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Pharmacokinetics and antineoplastic activity of galectin-1-targeting OTX008 in combination with sunitinib. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2013; 72:879-87. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-013-2270-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Wang YQ, Miao ZH. Marine-derived angiogenesis inhibitors for cancer therapy. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:903-33. [PMID: 23502698 PMCID: PMC3705379 DOI: 10.3390/md11030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2013] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis inhibitors have been successfully used for cancer therapy in the clinic. Many marine-derived natural products and their analogues have been reported to show antiangiogenic activities. Compared with the drugs in the clinic, these agents display interesting characteristics, including diverse sources, unique chemical structures, special modes of action, and distinct activity and toxicity profiles. This review will first provide an overview of the current marine-derived angiogenesis inhibitors based on their primary targets and/or mechanisms of action. Then, the marine-derived antiangiogenic protein kinase inhibitors will be focused on. And finally, the clinical trials of the marine-derived antiangiogenic agents will be discussed, with special emphasis on their application potentials, problems and possible coping strategies in their future development as anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Zheng L, Lin X, Wu N, Liu M, Zheng Y, Sheng J, Ji X, Sun M. Targeting cellular apoptotic pathway with peptides from marine organisms. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:42-8. [PMID: 23470652 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2013] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis is a critical defense mechanism against the formation and progression of cancer and exhibits distinct morphological and biochemical traits. Targeting apoptotic pathways becomes an intriguing strategy for the development of chemotherapeutic agents. Peptides from marine organisms have become important sources in the discovery of antitumor drugs, especially when modern technology makes it more and more feasible to collect organisms from seas. This primer summarizes several marine peptides, based on their effects on apoptotic signaling pathways, although most of these peptides have not yet been studied in depth for their mechanisms of action. Novel peptides that induce an apoptosis signal pathway are presented in association with their pharmacological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanhong Zheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, China
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29
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Lee J, Currano JN, Carroll PJ, Joullié MM. Didemnins, tamandarins and related natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2012; 29:404-24. [PMID: 22270031 DOI: 10.1039/c2np00065b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Since the discovery and isolation of the didemnin family of marine depsipeptides in 1981, the synthesis and biological activity of its congeners have been of great interest to the scientific community. The didemnins have demonstrated antitumor, antiviral, and immunosuppressive activity at low nano- and femtomolar levels. Of the congeners, didemnin B was the first marine natural product to reach phase II clinical trials in the United States, stimulating many analogue syntheses to date. About two decades later, tamandarins A and B were isolated, and were found to possess very similar structure and biological activity to that of the didemnin B. These compounds have shown impressive biological activity and some progress has been made in establishing structure-activity relationships. However, their molecular mechanism of action still remains unclear. This review highlights the long-standing study of didemnins and its critical application towards the understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of tamandarins and their potential use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Lee
- University of Pennsylvania, Department of Chemistry, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States
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30
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A journey under the sea: the quest for marine anti-cancer alkaloids. Molecules 2011; 16:9665-96. [PMID: 22113577 PMCID: PMC6264372 DOI: 10.3390/molecules16119665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The alarming increase in the global cancer death toll has fueled the quest for new effective anti-tumor drugs thorough biological screening of both terrestrial and marine organisms. Several plant-derived alkaloids are leading drugs in the treatment of different types of cancer and many are now being tested in various phases of clinical trials. Recently, marine-derived alkaloids, isolated from aquatic fungi, cyanobacteria, sponges, algae, and tunicates, have been found to also exhibit various anti-cancer activities including anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative, inhibition of topoisomerase activities and tubulin polymerization, and induction of apoptosis and cytotoxicity. Two tunicate-derived alkaloids, aplidin and trabectedin, offer promising drug profiles, and are currently in phase II clinical trials against several solid and hematologic tumors. This review sheds light on the rich array of anti-cancer alkaloids in the marine ecosystem and introduces the most investigated compounds and their mechanisms of action.
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31
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Antitumor peptides from marine organisms. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1840-1859. [PMID: 22072999 PMCID: PMC3210608 DOI: 10.3390/md9101840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Revised: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The biodiversity of the marine environment and the associated chemical diversity constitute a practically unlimited resource of new antitumor agents in the field of the development of marine bioactive substances. In this review, the progress on studies of antitumor peptides from marine sources is provided. The biological properties and mechanisms of action of different marine peptides are described; information about their molecular diversity is also presented. Novel peptides that induce apoptosis signal pathway, affect the tubulin-microtubule equilibrium and inhibit angiogenesis are presented in association with their pharmacological properties. It is intended to provide useful information for further research in the fields of marine antitumor peptides.
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Soto-Matos A, Szyldergemajn S, Extremera S, Miguel-Lillo B, Alfaro V, Coronado C, Lardelli P, Roy E, Corrado CS, Kahatt C. Plitidepsin has a safe cardiac profile: a comprehensive analysis. Mar Drugs 2011; 9:1007-1023. [PMID: 21747745 PMCID: PMC3131558 DOI: 10.3390/md9061007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 05/25/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Plitidepsin is a cyclic depsipeptide of marine origin in clinical development in cancer patients. Previously, some depsipeptides have been linked to increased cardiac toxicity. Clinical databases were searched for cardiac adverse events (CAEs) that occurred in clinical trials with the single-agent plitidepsin. Demographic, clinical and pharmacological variables were explored by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Forty-six of 578 treated patients (8.0%) had at least one CAE (11 patients (1.9%) with plitidepsin-related CAEs), none with fatal outcome as a direct consequence. The more frequent CAEs were rhythm abnormalities (n = 31; 5.4%), mostly atrial fibrillation/flutter (n = 15; 2.6%). Of note, life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias did not occur. Myocardial injury events (n = 17; 3.0%) included possible ischemic-related and non-ischemic events. Other events (miscellaneous, n = 6; 1.0%) were not related to plitidepsin. Significant associations were found with prostate or pancreas cancer primary diagnosis (p = 0.0017), known baseline cardiac risk factors (p = 0.0072), myalgia present at baseline (p = 0.0140), hemoglobin levels lower than 10 g/dL (p = 0.0208) and grade ≥2 hypokalemia (p = 0.0095). Treatment-related variables (plitidepsin dose, number of cycles, schedule and/or total cumulative dose) were not associated. Electrocardiograms performed before and after plitidepsin administration (n = 136) detected no relevant effect on QTc interval. None of the pharmacokinetic parameters analyzed had a significant impact on the probability of developing a CAE. In conclusion, the most frequent CAE type was atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter, although its frequency was not different to that reported in the age-matched healthy population, while other CAEs types were rare. No dose-cumulative pattern was observed, and no treatment-related variables were associated with CAEs. Relevant risk factors identified were related to the patient's condition and/or to disease-related characteristics rather than to drug exposure. Therefore, the current analysis supports a safe cardiac risk profile for single-agent plitidepsin in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Vicente Alfaro
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +34-93-4037094; Fax: +34-93-4491079
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Lindqvist L, Robert F, Merrick W, Kakeya H, Fraser C, Osada H, Pelletier J. Inhibition of translation by cytotrienin A--a member of the ansamycin family. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 16:2404-2413. [PMID: 20943818 PMCID: PMC2995401 DOI: 10.1261/rna.2307710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The ansamycins are a diverse and often physiologically active group of compounds that include geldanamycin and rifamycin, inhibitors of heat shock protein 90 and prokaryotic DNA-dependent RNA synthesis, respectively. Cytotrienin A is an ansamycin-type small molecule with potent antiproliferative and proapoptotic properties. Here, we report that this compound inhibits eukaryotic protein synthesis by targeting translation elongation and interfering with eukaryotic elongation factor 1A function. We also find that cytotrienin A prevents HUVEC tube formation and diminishes microvessel formation in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. These results provide a molecular understanding into cytotrienin A's previously reported properties as an anticancer apoptosis-inducing drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Lindqvist
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Verrucci M, Pancrazzi A, Aracil M, Martelli F, Guglielmelli P, Zingariello M, Ghinassi B, D'Amore E, Jimeno J, Vannucchi AM, Migliaccio AR. CXCR4-independent rescue of the myeloproliferative defect of the Gata1low myelofibrosis mouse model by Aplidin. J Cell Physiol 2010; 225:490-9. [PMID: 20458749 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.22228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of JAK2 mutations in Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms has prompted investigators to evaluate mutation-targeted treatments to restore hematopoietic cell functions in these diseases. However, the results of the first clinical trials with JAK2 inhibitors are not as promising as expected, prompting a search for additional drugable targets to treat these disorders. In this paper, we used the hypomorphic Gata1(low) mouse model of primary myelofibrosis (PMF), the most severe of these neoplasms, to test the hypothesis that defective marrow hemopoiesis and development of extramedullary hematopoiesis in myelofibrosis is due to insufficient p27(Kip1) activity and is treatable by Aplidin, a cyclic depsipeptide that activates p27(Kip1) in several cancer cells. Aplidin restored expression of Gata1 and p27(Kip1) in Gata1(low) hematopoietic cells, proliferation of marrow progenitor cells in vitro and maturation of megakaryocytes in vivo (reducing TGF-beta/VEGF levels released in the microenvironment by immature Gata1(low) megakaryocytes). Microvessel density, fibrosis, bone growth, and marrow cellularity were normal in Aplidin-treated mice and extramedullary hematopoiesis did not develop in liver although CXCR4 expression in Gata1(low) progenitor cells remained low. These results indicate that Aplidin effectively alters the natural history of myelofibrosis in Gata1(low) mice and suggest this drug as candidate for clinical evaluation in PMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Verrucci
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Salazar R, Plummer R, Oaknin A, Robinson A, Pardo B, Soto-Matos A, Yovine A, Szyldergemajn S, Calvert AH. Phase I study of weekly plitidepsin as 1-hour infusion combined with carboplatin in patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Invest New Drugs 2010; 29:1406-13. [PMID: 20623160 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-010-9488-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This dose-escalating phase I clinical trial was designed to determine the recommended dose (RD) and to assess the safety and feasibility of weekly plitidepsin (1-hour i.v. infusion, Days 1, 8 and 15) combined with carboplatin (1-hour i.v. infusion, Day 1, after plitidepsin) in 4-week (q4wk) cycles given to patients with advanced solid tumors or lymphomas. Twenty patients were enrolled and evaluable for both safety and efficacy. The starting dose was plitidepsin 1.8 mg/m(2) and carboplatin area under the curve (AUC) = 5 min*mg/ml; dose escalation proceeded based on worst toxicity in the previous cohort. The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) was plitidepsin 3.0 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC = 5 min*mg/ml, with grade 3 transaminase increases as the most common dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). The RD for phase II studies was plitidepsin 2.4 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC = 5 min*mg/ml, with fatigue, myalgia and nausea as the most common drug-related adverse events (AEs). No unexpected toxicity was seen. Twelve patients (60%), ten of whom were heavily pretreated (≥2 previous chemotherapy lines) showed stable disease (SD), with a median time to progression (TTP) of 4.4 months. In conclusion, plitidepsin 2.4 mg/m(2) and carboplatin AUC = 5 min*mg/ml is a safe dose for future phase II studies evaluating the use of this combination in cancer patients potentially sensitive to platinum-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Salazar
- Instituto Catalán de Oncología, Ctra. Gran Vía, s/n, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, 08907, Barcelona, Spain.
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Mateos MV, Cibeira MT, Richardson PG, Prosper F, Oriol A, de la Rubia J, Lahuerta JJ, García-Sanz R, Extremera S, Szyldergemajn S, Corrado C, Singer H, Mitsiades CS, Anderson KC, Bladé J, San Miguel J. Phase II Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Study of Plitidepsin 3-Hour Infusion Every Two Weeks Alone or with Dexamethasone in Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma. Clin Cancer Res 2010; 16:3260-9. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-0469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Le Tourneau C, Faivre S, Ciruelos E, Domínguez MJ, López-Martín JA, Izquierdo MA, Jimeno J, Raymond E. Reports of clinical benefit of plitidepsin (Aplidine), a new marine-derived anticancer agent, in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma. Am J Clin Oncol 2010; 33:132-6. [PMID: 19687728 DOI: 10.1097/coc.0b013e318199fb6e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess clinical benefit of plitidepsin (Aplidine) in patients with advanced medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reported the outcome of 10 patients with advanced MTC among 215 patients who have entered the phase I program with plitidepsin. RESULTS Median number of cycles was 5. Using World Health Organization criteria, 1 among 5 patients with measurable disease displayed a confirmed partial response, whereas 8 patients experienced a stable disease, and 1 patient had a progressive disease, corresponding to a disease control rate of 90%. Two patients treated at the maximum tolerated dose experienced muscular dose-limiting toxicity possibly related to palmitoyl transferase inhibition. One of these 2 patients was able to continue therapy with no dose reduction with the prophylactic addition of l-carnitine, which is used in the treatment of the carnitine palmitoyl transferase deficiency type 2. DISCUSSION Plitidepsin seems to be able to induce clinical benefit in patients with pretreated MTC, and its toxicity has been manageable at the recommended dose.
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The Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as an In Vivo Assay to Study Antiangiogenesis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2010; 3:482-513. [PMID: 27713265 PMCID: PMC4033966 DOI: 10.3390/ph3030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Revised: 01/29/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiangiogenesis, e.g., inhibition of blood vessel growth, is being investigated as a way to prevent the growth of tumors and other angiogenesis-dependent diseases. Pharmacological inhibition interferes with the angiogenic cascade or the immature neovasculature with synthetic or semi-synthetic substances, endogenous inhibitors or biological antagonists.The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) is an extraembryonic membrane, which serves as a gas exchange surface and its function is supported by a dense capillary network. Because its extensive vascularization and easy accessibility, CAM has been used to study morphofunctional aspects of the angiogenesis process in vivo and to study the efficacy and mechanism of action of pro- and anti-angiogenic molecules. The fields of application of CAM in the study of antiangiogenesis, including our personal experience, are illustrated in this review article.
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Longo-Sorbello GSA, Gao H, Mishra PJ, Kamen B, Soto A, Jimeno J, Aracil M, Paz de Paz MF, Bertino JR, Banerjee D. Heparin and suramin alter plitidepsin uptake via inhibition of GPCR coupled signaling. J Chemother 2010; 21:550-7. [PMID: 19933047 DOI: 10.1179/joc.2009.21.5.550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Plitidepsin (Aplidin) is a novel antitumor agent, derived from the mediterranean tunicate Aplidium albicans, and is currently in phase ii clinical trials with evidence of activity in heavily pretreated multiple myeloma, renal cell carcinoma, melanoma and neuroblastoma patients. As compared to its parental compound didemnin B, plitidepsin has shown a better therapeutic index with less bone marrow toxicity, cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity in patients and a more potent cytotoxic effect in several tumor cell lines. As sensitivity to the drug varies between cell lines and fresh leukemia samples, we performed studies on transport of plitidepsin in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines to determine the mechanism of uptake. The drug is taken up by an active transport process, i.e. the process is temperature and energy dependent, and has a high-affinity binding site with Kt =212 nM and Vmax = 15 pmoles/min. Importantly, once inside the cell, efflux of plitidepsin is minimum, suggesting that the drug is bound to intracellular macromolecules. Further work showed that plitidepsin binds to G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs), since GPCR and GRK (GPCR kinases) inhibitors suramin and heparin respectively, markedly reduce the drug uptake and its cytotoxic activity. Signaling via Jak/Stat pathway is inhibited by pharmacological concentrations of plitidepsin, further confirming the relationship between plitidepsin and GPCRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S A Longo-Sorbello
- Department of Medicine and Pharmacology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Cancer Institute of New Jersey, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersy, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA
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Dumez H, Gallardo E, Culine S, Galceran JC, Schöffski P, Droz JP, Extremera S, Szyldergemajn S, Fléchon A. Phase II study of biweekly plitidepsin as second-line therapy for advanced or metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium. Mar Drugs 2009; 7:451-63. [PMID: 19841725 PMCID: PMC2763111 DOI: 10.3390/md7030451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 09/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this exploratory, open-label, single-arm, phase II clinical trial was to evaluate plitidepsin (5 mg/m(2)) administered as a 3-hour continuous intravenous infusion every two weeks to patients with locally advanced/metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelium who relapsed/progressed after first-line chemotherapy. Treatment cycles were repeated for up to 12 cycles or until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, patient refusal or treatment delay for >2 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was objective response rate according to RECIST. Secondary endpoints were the rate of SD lasting > or = 6 months and time-to-event variables. Toxicity was assessed using NCI-CTC v. 3.0. Twenty-one patients received 57 treatment cycles. No objective tumor responses occurred. SD lasting <6 months was observed in two of 18 evaluable patients. With a median follow-up of 4.6 months, the median PFR and the median OS were 1.4 months and 2.3 months, respectively. The most common AEs were mild to moderate nausea, fatigue, myalgia and anorexia. Anemia, lymphopenia, and increases in transaminases, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine were the most frequent laboratory abnormalities. No severe neutropenia occurred. Treatment was feasible and generally well tolerated in this patient population; however the lack of antitumor activity precludes further studies of plitidepsin in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herlinde Dumez
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mail: (P.S.)
| | - Enrique Gallardo
- Corporació Parc Taulí, C/Parc Taulí, s/n, 08208 Sabadell (Barcelona), Spain; E-Mail: (E.G.)
| | - Stephane Culine
- Parc Euromedicine, 323 rue des Apothicaires, 34298 Montpellier, France; E-Mail: (S.C.)
| | - Joan Carles Galceran
- Hospital Universitari del Mar, Passeig Marítim, 25-29, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; E-Mail: (J.C.G.)
| | - Patrick Schöffski
- University Hospitals Gasthuisberg, Catholic University Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; E-Mail: (P.S.)
| | - Jean P. Droz
- Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, F-69008, Lyon, France; E-Mail: (J.P.D.); (A.F.)
| | - Sonia Extremera
- Pharma Mar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, PI La Mina-Norte, 28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Sergio Szyldergemajn
- Pharma Mar S.A., Av. de los Reyes, 1, PI La Mina-Norte, 28770 Colmenar Viejo, Madrid, Spain; E-Mails: (S.E.); (S.S.)
| | - Aude Fléchon
- Centre Léon Bérard, 28 Rue Laennec, F-69008, Lyon, France; E-Mail: (J.P.D.); (A.F.)
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Phase II study of biweekly plitidepsin as second-line therapy in patients with advanced malignant melanoma. Melanoma Res 2009; 19:185-92. [PMID: 19436178 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0b013e32832bbde6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity and safety profile of 5 mg/m2 plitidepsin administered as a 3-h continuous intravenous infusion every 2 weeks to patients with advanced malignant melanoma who relapsed or progressed after one line of systemic therapy. Objective response rate (primary efficacy endpoint) was evaluated according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors and toxicity was assessed using National Cancer Institute -Common Toxicity Criteria Version 2.0. Of 39 enrolled patients (median age: 53 years), 37 patients were treated who received a total of 167 treatment cycles (median: 3 cycles per patient; range: 1-32). All patients had received prior systemic therapy with a median of one line per patient (range: 1-6 lines). Of the 35 evaluable patients, two dacarbazine-resistant patients (5.7%) with metastatic cutaneous melanoma achieved partial responses. Five other patients (14.3%) reported stable disease (median stable disease duration: 3.5 months; range: 2.2-15.8 months). Therefore, the rate of tumor growth control was 20.0%. With a median follow-up of 11.0 months, the median progression-free survival was 1.3 months and the median overall survival was 3.5 months. Six patients (16.2%) had the following treatment-related grade 3/4 adverse events: myalgia (n = 3), injection-site reaction (n = 2), hypersensitivity, hypotension, and fatigue (n = 1 each). One patient was withdrawn from the trial because of grade 4 hypersensitivity reaction and hypotension. No severe neutropenia was reported. Plitidepsin showed a minor degree of antitumor activity in patients with refractory advanced malignant melanoma. Further evaluation of plitidepsin in combination schedules may be warranted.
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Abstract
Drug discovery from marine natural products has enjoyed a renaissance in the past few years. Ziconotide (Prialt; Elan Pharmaceuticals), a peptide originally discovered in a tropical cone snail, was the first marine-derived compound to be approved in the United States in December 2004 for the treatment of pain. Then, in October 2007, trabectedin (Yondelis; PharmaMar) became the first marine anticancer drug to be approved in the European Union. Here, we review the history of drug discovery from marine natural products, and by describing selected examples, we examine the factors that contribute to new discoveries and the difficulties associated with translating marine-derived compounds into clinical trials. Providing an outlook into the future, we also examine the advances that may further expand the promise of drugs from the sea.
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Nalda-Molina R, Valenzuela B, Ramon-Lopez A, Miguel-Lillo B, Soto-Matos A, Perez-Ruixo JJ. Population pharmacokinetics meta-analysis of plitidepsin (Aplidin) in cancer subjects. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2008; 64:97-108. [PMID: 18941750 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-008-0841-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2008] [Accepted: 09/12/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the population pharmacokinetics of plitidepsin (Aplidin) in cancer patients. METHODS A total of 283 patients (552 cycles) receiving intravenous plitidepsin as monotherapy at doses ranging from 0.13 to 8.0 mg/m(2) and given as 1- or 24-h infusions every week; 3- or 24-h infusion biweekly; or 1-h infusion daily for 5 consecutive days every 21 days were included in the analysis. An open three-compartment pharmacokinetic model and a nonlinear binding to red blood cells model were used to describe the plitidepsin pharmacokinetics in plasma and blood, respectively, using NONMEM V software. The effect of selected covariates on plitidepsin pharmacokinetics was investigated. Model evaluation was performed using goodness-of-fit plots, posterior predictive check and bootstrap. RESULTS Plasma clearance and its between subject variability (%) was 13.6 l/h (71). Volume of distribution at steady-state was calculated to be 4791 l (59). The parameters B (max) and C (50) of the non-linear blood distribution were 471 microg/l (56) and 41.6 microg/l, respectively. Within the range of covariates studied, age, sex, body size variables, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin, creatinine clearance, albumin, total protein, performance status, co-administration of inhibitors or inducers of CYP3A4 and presence of liver metastases were not statistically related to plitidepsin pharmacokinetic parameters. Bootstrap and posterior predictive check evidenced the model was deemed appropriate to describe the time course of plitidepsin blood and plasma concentrations in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS The integration of phase I/II pharmacokinetic data demonstrated plitidepsin linear elimination from plasma, dose-proportionality up to 8.0 mg/m(2), and time-independent pharmacokinetics. The distribution to red blood cells can be considered linear at doses lower than 5 mg/m(2) administered as 3-h or longer infusion. No clinically relevant covariates were identified as predictors of plitidepsin pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Nalda-Molina
- Department of Engineering, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutics Division, Faculty of Pharmacy, Miguel Hernández University, San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain.
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Izquierdo MA, Bowman A, García M, Jodrell D, Martinez M, Pardo B, Gómez J, López-Martin JA, Jimeno J, Germá JR, Smyth JF. Phase I clinical and pharmacokinetic study of plitidepsin as a 1-hour weekly intravenous infusion in patients with advanced solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:3105-12. [PMID: 18483378 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-07-1652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plitidepsin, given as a 1-hour weekly i.v. infusion for 3 consecutive weeks during a 4-week treatment cycle, was investigated in patients with solid tumors to determine the maximum tolerated dose and the recommended dose (RD) using this administration schedule. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Consecutive cohorts of patients with metastatic solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphomas were to be treated at escalating doses of plitidepsin in a conventional phase I study including pharmacokinetic analyses of plitidepsin in plasma, whole blood, and blood cell pellets. RESULTS Forty-nine patients with solid tumors were enrolled, and 48 were treated with plitidepsin (doses from 0.133 to 3.6 mg/m2/week). Dose-limiting toxicities (defining 3.6 mg/m2/week as the maximum tolerated dose) included myalgia, increased creatine phosphokinase levels, and sustained grade 3/4 increases of hepatic enzyme levels. The RD was established at 3.2 mg/m2/week. The most common toxicities were fatigue, vomiting/nausea, anorexia, injection site reaction, and pain, mostly of mild or moderate severity. Muscular toxicity manifested by mild-moderate myalgia, weakness, and/or creatine phosphokinase elevations occurred in approximately 25% of patients and seemed to be dose related. Transient transaminase elevations were frequent but achieved grade 3 or 4 in only approximately 10% of patients. Plitidepsin lacked significant hematologic toxicity. No complete or partial tumor responses were observed; however, five patients had disease stabilization (including one patient with medullary thyroid carcinoma with an unconfirmed partial response and one patient with renal carcinoma with major tumor shrinkage in lung metastases). Pharmacokinetic results for the RD indicated a long plasma half-life give value (16.8 +/- 7.7 hour) and a high volume of distribution value (525.2 +/- 219.3 L). CONCLUSIONS The recommended dose for plitidepsin given as a weekly 1-hour schedule was 3.2 mg/m2/week. Muscular and liver toxicity were dose limiting at 3.6 mg/m2/week. Additional evaluation of this dose dense schedule is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Izquierdo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
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Caers J, Menu E, De Raeve H, Lepage D, Van Valckenborgh E, Van Camp B, Alvarez E, Vanderkerken K. Antitumour and antiangiogenic effects of Aplidin in the 5TMM syngeneic models of multiple myeloma. Br J Cancer 2008; 98:1966-74. [PMID: 18521088 PMCID: PMC2441967 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aplidin® is an antitumour drug, currently undergoing phase II evaluation in different haematological and solid tumours. In this study, we analysed the antimyeloma effects of Aplidin in the syngeneic 5T33MM model, which is representable for the human disease. In vitro, Aplidin inhibited 5T33MMvv DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 3.87 nM. On cell-cycle progression, the drug induced an arrest in transition from G0/G1 to S phase, while Western blot showed a decreased cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression. Furthermore, Aplidin induced apoptosis by lowering the mitochondrial membrane potential, by inducing cytochrome c release and by activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. For the in vivo experiment, 5T33MM-injected C57Bl/KaLwRij mice were intraperitoneally treated with vehicle or Aplidin (90 μg kg−1 daily). Chronic treatment with Aplidin was well tolerated and reduced serum paraprotein concentration by 42% (P<0.001), while BM invasion with myeloma cells was decreased by 35% (P<0.001). Aplidin also reduced the myeloma-associated angiogenesis to basal values. This antiangiogenic effect was confirmed in vitro and explained by inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation and vessel formation. These data indicate that Aplidin is well tolerated in vivo and its antitumour and antiangiogenic effects support the use of the drug in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caers
- Laboratory of Hematology and Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, Jette, Brussels 1090, Belgium
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Ribatti D. Chapter 5 Chick Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane as a Useful Tool to Study Angiogenesis. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2008; 270:181-224. [DOI: 10.1016/s1937-6448(08)01405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Muñoz-Alonso MJ, González-Santiago L, Zarich N, Martínez T, Alvarez E, Rojas JM, Muñoz A. Plitidepsin has a dual effect inhibiting cell cycle and inducing apoptosis via Rac1/c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase activation in human melanoma cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 324:1093-101. [PMID: 18089842 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.107.132662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is the most aggressive skin cancer and a serious health problem worldwide because of its increasing incidence and the lack of satisfactory chemotherapy for late stages of the disease. The marine depsipeptide Aplidin (plitidepsin) is an antitumoral agent under phase II clinical development against several neoplasias, including melanoma. We report that plitidepsin has a dual effect on the human SK-MEL-28 and UACC-257 melanoma cell lines; at low concentrations (</=45 nM), it inhibits the cell cycle by inducing G(1) and G(2)/M arrest, whereas at higher concentrations it induces apoptosis as assessed by poly-(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage and the appearance of a hypodiploid peak in flow cytometry analyses. Plitidepsin activates Rac1 GTPase and c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK). In addition, it induces AKT and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. By using inhibitors, we found that JNK and p38 MAPK activation depends on Rac1 but not on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), whereas AKT activation is independent of Rac1 but requires PI3K activity. Plitidepsin cytotoxicity diminishes by Rac1 inhibition or by the blockage of JNK and p38 MAPK using 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(4-methylsulfinylphenyl)-5-(4-pyridyl)1H-imidazole (SB203580), but not by PI3K inhibition using wortmannin or 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002). It is remarkable that plitidepsin and dacarbazine, the alkylating agent most active for treating metastatic melanoma, show a synergistic antiproliferative effect that was paralleled at the level of JNK activation. These results indicate that Rac1/JNK activation is critical for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction by plitidepsin in melanoma cells. They also support the combined use of plitidepsin and dacarbazine in in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Muñoz-Alonso
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols," Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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Moneo V, Serelde BG, Leal JFM, Blanco-Aparicio C, Diaz-Uriarte R, Aracil M, Tercero JC, Jimeno J, Carnero A. Levels of p27kip1 determine Aplidin sensitivity. Mol Cancer Ther 2007; 6:1310-6. [PMID: 17431109 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-06-0729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aplidin (plitidepsin) is a novel anticancer drug isolated from the marine tunicate Aplidium albicans. Aplidin shows potent antitumor activity in preclinical models against a wide variety of human tumors. Aplidin is currently in phase II clinical trials in a variety of solid tumors and hematologic malignancies. Moreover, clinical studies of Aplidin in combination with other agents are ongoing because it generally lacks cross-resistance with other known cytotoxic drugs. The mode of action of Aplidin in tumor cells is only partially understood. Aplidin induces an early oxidative stress response, which results in a rapid and sustained activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor, the nonreceptor protein tyrosine kinase Src, and the serine threonine kinases c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. Here, we show that sensitivity to Aplidin correlates inversely with the levels of expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(kip1) (p27) in a panel of low passaged human sarcoma cell lines. Aplidin induces p27 through an oxidation-dependent mechanism and the reduction of p27 levels by specific short hairpin RNA increases Aplidin sensitivity. We confirmed these results in p27 null mouse embryonic fibroblasts corroborating the specificity of the p27 role in Aplidin response because p21(waf1) null mouse embryonic fibroblasts do not show this increased sensitivity. We propose a mechanism of action of Aplidin involving p27 and support the analysis of p27 in the response to Aplidin in currently ongoing clinical trials to establish the levels of this protein as response predictor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Moneo
- Experimental Therapeutics Programme, Spanish National Cancer Center, Madrid, Spain
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Mayer AMS, Gustafson KR. Marine pharmacology in 2003–2004: Anti-tumour and cytotoxic compounds. Eur J Cancer 2006; 42:2241-70. [PMID: 16901686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 05/09/2006] [Accepted: 05/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
During 2003 and 2004, marine pharmacology research directed towards the discovery and development of novel anti-tumour agents was published in 163 peer-reviewed articles. The purpose of this review is to present a structured assessment of the anti-tumour and cytotoxic properties of 150 marine natural products, many of which are novel compounds that belong to diverse structural classes, including polyketides, terpenes, steroids and peptides. The organisms yielding these bioactive marine compounds include invertebrate animals, algae, fungi and bacteria. Anti-tumour pharmacological studies were conducted with 31 structurally defined marine natural products in a number of experimental and clinical models that further defined their mechanisms of action. Particularly potent in vitro cytotoxicity data generated with murine and human tumour cell lines was reported for 119 novel marine chemicals with as yet undetermined mechanisms of action. Noteworthy is the fact that marine anti-cancer research was sustained by a global collaborative effort, involving researchers from Australia, Austria, Canada, China, Egypt, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand and the United States of America (USA). Finally, this 2003-2004 overview of the marine pharmacology literature highlights the fact that the discovery of novel marine anti-tumour agents continued at the same pace as during 1998-2002.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro M S Mayer
- Department of Pharmacology, Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL 60515, USA.
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Suárez Y, González-Santiago L, Zarich N, Dávalos A, Aranda JF, Alonso MA, Lasunción MA, Rojas JM, Muñoz A. Plitidepsin Cellular Binding and Rac1/JNK Pathway Activation Depend on Membrane Cholesterol Content. Mol Pharmacol 2006; 70:1654-63. [PMID: 16928956 DOI: 10.1124/mol.106.025569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Plitidepsin (aplidin) is a marine cyclic depsipeptide in phase II clinical development against several neoplasias. Plitidepsin is a potent inducer of apoptosis through the sustained activation of Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). We have reported that this activation depends on the early induction of oxidative stress, activation of Rac1 small GTPase, and the later down-regulation of MKP-1 phosphatase. Using Scatchard and saturation binding analyses, we have found that (14)C-labeled plitidepsin binds to a moderately high-affinity receptor (K(d) of 44.8 +/- 3.1 and 35.5 +/- 4.8 nM, respectively) in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Two minutes after addition to cells, half of the drug was membrane-bound and was subsequently found in the cytosolic fraction. At 4 degrees C, plitidepsin cellular binding was around 10-fold lower than at 37 degrees C but sufficed to induce cell death, suggesting that this process is triggered from the membrane. Depletion of plasma membrane cholesterol by short treatment with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin diminished plitidepsin binding and Rac1 and JNK activation. Rac1 is targeted to the plasma membrane by plitidepsin as shown by subcellular fractioning and immunofluorescence analysis followed by confocal microscopy. Methyl-beta-cyclodextrin blocked this effect. A subline of HeLa cells (HeLa-R), partially resistant to plitidepsin, showed similar affinity (K(d) of 79.5 +/- 2.5 versus 37.7 +/- 8.2 nM) but 7.5-fold lower binding capacity than wild-type HeLa cells. Moreover, HeLa-R cells had lower total (71%) and membrane (67%) cholesterol content and membrane-bound Rac1, and showed no Rac1 activation upon plitidepsin treatment. In conclusion, cellular plitidepsin uptake and induction of apoptosis via activation of the Rac1-JNK pathway is membrane-cholesterol dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajaira Suárez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Arturo Duperier, 4, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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