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Rapti V, Moirogiorgou E, Koliou GA, Papadopoulou K, Binas I, Pentheroudakis G, Bafaloukos D, Bobos M, Chatzopoulos K, Chrisafi S, Christodoulou C, Nicolaou I, Sotiropoulou M, Magkou C, Koutras A, Papakostas P, Kotsakis A, Razis E, Psyrri A, Tryfonopoulos D, Pectasides D, Res E, Alexopoulos A, Kotoula V, Fountzilas G. mRNA expression of specific HER ligands and their association with clinical outcome in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated with trastuzumab. Oncol Lett 2021; 23:23. [PMID: 34868360 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Prognostic and predictive biomarkers are being studied for the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The present study retrospectively assessed the mRNA expression of HER family receptor ligands and of other potential prognostic biomarkers and their association with time to progression (TTP), survival and clinicopathological characteristics in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC) treated with trastuzumab. A total of 145 tumour tissue samples were analysed. mRNA expression analysis of the transcripts of interest was performed and the association of these markers with selected clinicopathological parameters was examined. HER2 status was centrally re-evaluated. Only 67.6% of patients were truly HER2-positive according to the central HER2 re-evaluation. Heparin binding epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factor, transforming growth factor β1 (TGFB1) and thyroid hormone receptor α (THRA) mRNA expression was higher in HER2-positive patients (P=0.026, P<0.001 and P<0.001). Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 4 was correlated with retinoic acid receptor α, TGFB1 and THRA (rho=0.45, rho=0.60 and rho=0.45). In HER2-positive patients, high neuregulin 1 and high betacellulin were unfavourable factors for TTP [hazard ratio (HR) = 1.78, P=0.040 and HR=2.00, P=0.043, respectively]. In patients with de novo MBC, high EGF expression was associated with a non-significant prolongation of TTP (HR=0.52, P=0.080) and significantly longer survival (HR=0.40, P=0.020). The present study examined clinical and biological implications of specific genes and it was concluded that their expression has an impact on the outcome of trastuzumab-treated patients with MBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassiliki Rapti
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Agios Savvas Cancer Hospital, 11522 Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioannis Binas
- Second Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Piraeus, Greece
| | - George Pentheroudakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Medical School, University of Ioannina, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.,Society for Study of Clonal Heterogeneity of Neoplasia (EMEKEN), 45500 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Bafaloukos
- First Department of Medical Oncology, Metropolitan Hospital, 18547 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Kyriakos Chatzopoulos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Sofia Chrisafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Irene Nicolaou
- Department of Histopathology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, 14564 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Christina Magkou
- Pathology Department, Evangelismos Hospital, 10676 Athens, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, 26504 Patras, Greece
| | | | - Athanasios Kotsakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital of Heraklion School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71500 Crete, Greece
| | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, 15123 Athens, Greece
| | - Amanda Psyrri
- Section of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens School of Medicine, 12462 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Res
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Agii Anargiri Cancer Hospital, Kifissia 14564 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54006 Thessaloniki, Greece.,Department of Medical Oncology, German Oncology Center, 4108 Limassol, Cyprus
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2
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Comparison of Antibodies for Immunohistochemistry-based Detection of HER3 in Breast Cancer. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:212-219. [PMID: 27389555 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3) lacks standardized immunohistochemistry (IHC)-based methods for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples. We compared 4 different anti-HER3 antibodies to explain the differences found in the staining results reported in the literature. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four commercial HER3 antibodies were tested on FFPE samples including mouse monoclonal antibody clones, DAK-H3-IC and RTJ1, rabbit monoclonal antibody clone SP71, and rabbit polyclonal antibody (SAB4500793). Membranous and cytoplasmic staining patterns were analyzed and scored as 0, 1+, or 2+ according to the intensity of the staining and completeness of membranous and cytoplasmic staining. A large collection of HER2-amplified breast cancers (n=177) was stained with the best performing HER3 antibody. The breast cancer cell line, MDA-453, and human prostate tissue were used as positive controls. IHC results were confirmed by analysis of flow cytometry performed on breast cancer cell lines. Staining results of FFPE samples were compared with samples fixed with an epitope-sensitive fixative (PAXgene). RESULTS Clear circumferential cell membrane staining was found only with the HER3 antibody clone DAK-H3-IC. Other antibodies (RTJ1, SP71, and polyclonal) yielded uncertain and nonreproducible staining results. In addition to cell membrane staining, DAK-H3-IC was also localized to the cytoplasm, but no nuclear staining was observed. In HER2-amplified breast cancers, 80% of samples were classified as 1+ or 2+ according to the HER3 staining on the cell membrane. The results from FFPE cell line samples were comparable to those obtained from unfixed cells in flow cytometry. IHC conducted on FFPE samples and on PAXgene-fixed samples showed equivalent results. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that IHC with the monoclonal antibody, DAK-H3-IC, on FFPE samples is a reliable staining method for use in translational research. Assessment of membranous HER3 expression may be clinically relevant in selecting patients who may most benefit from pertuzumab or other novel anti-HER3 therapies.
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Christodoulou C, Oikonomopoulos G, Koliou GA, Kostopoulos I, Kotoula V, Bobos M, Pentheroudakis G, Lazaridis G, Skondra M, Chrisafi S, Koutras A, Bafaloukos D, Razis E, Papadopoulou K, Papakostas P, Kalofonos HP, Pectasides D, Skarlos P, Kalogeras KT, Fountzilas G. Evaluation of the Insulin-like Growth Factor Receptor Pathway in Patients with Advanced Breast Cancer Treated with Trastuzumab. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2018; 15:461-471. [PMID: 30343280 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody against HER2-positive breast cancer. Despite improving the natural history of the disease, there is a number of patients who are resistant to it, whereas all patients will eventually develop resistance and disease will progress. Inconsistent preclinical data show that the IGF-R pathway may contribute to either de novo or acquired resistance to trastuzumab. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 227 trastuzumab-treated metastatic breast cancer patients were evaluated for IGF-1, IGF-1R, GLP-1R, Akt1, Akt2 Akt3 mRNA expression, and IGF-1Rα, IGF-1Rβ, IGF-2R protein expression. RESULTS Only 139 patients were truly HER2-positive by central assessment. Among HER2-positive patients, high Akt2 and GLP-1R mRNA expression showed a trend towards higher and lower risk of progression, respectively (HR=1.83, 95%CI=0.90-3.72, p=0.094 and HR=0.62, 95%CI=0.36-1.06, p=0.079), while high Akt1 and GLP-1R mRNA expression presented a trend towards unfavorable survival (HR=1.67, 95%CI=0.93-2.99, p=0.086 and HR=1.67, 95%CI=0.94-2.96, p=0.080). Among HER2-negative patients, high GLP-1R mRNA expression and negative stromal IGF-1Rβ protein expression showed a trend towards worse survival (HR=2.31, 95%CI=0.87-6.13, p=0.094 and HR=2.03, 95%CI=0.94-4.35, p=0.071, respectively). In the multivariate analyses, HER2-positive patients with high Akt1 and GLP-1R mRNA expression had a worse survival (HR=1.86, 95%CI=1.01-3.43, p=0.045 and HR=1.83, 95%CI=0.99-3.41, p=0.055, respectively). CONCLUSION This study revealed a crosstalk between the IGF-R pathway and HER2. There was evidence that high Akt1 and GLP-1R mRNA expression might affect survival among HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ioannis Kostopoulos
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Vassiliki Kotoula
- Department of Pathology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Mattheos Bobos
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - George Lazaridis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Papageorgiou Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Skondra
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Chrisafi
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | | | - Evangelia Razis
- Third Department of Medical Oncology, Hygeia Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Haralambos P Kalofonos
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University Hospital, University of Patras Medical School, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Pectasides
- Oncology Section, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Skarlos
- Department of Radiotherapy, Metropolitan Hospital, Piraeus, Greece
| | - Konstantine T Kalogeras
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Translational Research Section, Hellenic Cooperative Oncology Group, Athens, Greece
| | - George Fountzilas
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Hellenic Foundation for Cancer Research/Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece.,Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Luhtala S, Staff S, Kallioniemi A, Tanner M, Isola J. Clinicopathological and prognostic correlations of HER3 expression and its degradation regulators, NEDD4-1 and NRDP1, in primary breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1045. [PMID: 30367623 PMCID: PMC6204010 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human epidermal growth factor receptor HER3 (ErbB3), especially in association with its relative HER2 (ErbB2), is known as a key oncogene in breast tumour biology. Nonetheless, the prognostic relevance of HER3 remains controversial. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 are signalling molecules closely related to the degradation of HER3 via ubiquitination. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 have been reported to contribute to HER3-mediated signalling by regulating its localization and cell membrane retention. We studied correlations between HER3, NEDD4–1, and NRDP1 protein expression and their association with tumour histopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes. Methods The prevalence of immunohistochemically detectable expression profiles of HER3 (n = 177), NEDD4–1 (n = 145), and NRDP1 (n = 145) proteins was studied in primary breast carcinomas on archival formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples. Clinicopathological correlations were determined statistically using Pearson’s Chi-Square test. The Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test (Mantel-Cox), and Cox regression analysis were utilized for survival analysis. Results HER3 protein was expressed in breast carcinomas without association with HER2 gene amplification status. Absence or low HER3 expression correlated with clinically aggressive features, such as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) phenotype, basal cell origin (cytokeratin 5/14 expression combined with ER negativity), large tumour size, and positive lymph node status. Low total HER3 expression was prognostic for shorter recurrence-free survival time in HER2-amplified breast cancer (p = 0.004, p = 0.020 in univariate and multivariate analyses, respectively). The majority (82.8%) of breast cancers demonstrated NEDD4–1 protein expression - while only a minor proportion (8.3%) of carcinomas expressed NRDP1. NEDD4–1 and NRDP1 expression were not associated with clinical outcomes in HER2-amplified breast cancer, irrespective of adjuvant trastuzumab therapy. Conclusions Low HER3 expression is suggested to be a valuable prognostic biomarker to predict recurrence in HER2-amplified breast cancer. Neither NEDD4–1 nor NRDP1 demonstrated relevance in prognostics or in the subclassification of HER2-amplified breast carcinomas. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-018-4917-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satu Luhtala
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
| | - Synnöve Staff
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Anne Kallioniemi
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Minna Tanner
- Department of Oncology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jorma Isola
- BioMediTech Institute and Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Arvo Ylpön katu 34, 33520, Tampere, Finland
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5
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Reinholz MM, Chen B, Dueck AC, Tenner K, Ballman K, Riehle D, Jenkins RB, Geiger XJ, McCullough AE, Perez EA. IGF1R Protein Expression Is Not Associated with Differential Benefit to Concurrent Trastuzumab in Early-Stage HER2 + Breast Cancer from the North Central Cancer Treatment Group (Alliance) Adjuvant Trastuzumab Trial N9831. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4203-4211. [PMID: 28533226 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Preclinical evidence indicates that increased insulin-like growth factor receptor-1 (IGF1R) signaling interferes with the action of trastuzumab suggesting a possible mechanism of trastuzumab resistance. Thus, we evaluated IGF1R prevalence, relationship with demographic data, and association with disease-free survival (DFS) of patients randomized to chemotherapy alone (Arm A) or chemotherapy with sequential (Arm B) or concurrent trastuzumab (Arm C) in the prospective phase III HER2+ adjuvant N9831 trial.Experimental Design: IGF1R protein expression was determined in tissue microarray sections (three cores per block; N = 1,197) or in whole tissue sections (WS; N = 537) using IHC (rabbit polyclonal antibody against IGF1R β-subunit). A tumor was considered positive (IGF1R+) if any core or WS had ≥1+ membrane staining in >0% invasive cells. Median follow-up was 8.5 years.Results: Of 1,734 patients, 708 (41%) had IGF1R+ breast tumors. IGF1R+ was associated with younger age (median 48 vs. 51, P = 0.007), estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor positivity (78% vs. 35%, P < 0.001), nodal positivity (89% vs. 83%, P < 0.001), well/intermediate grade (34% vs. 24%, P < 0.001), tumors ≥2 cm (72% vs. 67%, P = 0.02) but not associated with race or tumor histology. IGF1R did not affect DFS within arms. Between Arms A and C, patients with IGF1R+ and IGF1R- tumors had DFS HRs of 0.48 (P ≤ 0.001) and 0.68 (P = 0.009), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.17). Between Arms A and B, patients with IGF1R+ and IGF1R- tumors had DFS HRs of 0.83 (P = 0.25) and 0.69 (P = 0.01), respectively (Pinteraction = 0.42).Conclusions: In contrast to preclinical studies that suggest a decrease in trastuzumab sensitivity in IGF1R+ tumors, our adjuvant data show benefit of adding trastuzumab for patients with either IGF1R+ and IGF1R- breast tumors. Clin Cancer Res; 23(15); 4203-11. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica M Reinholz
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Beiyun Chen
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Amylou C Dueck
- Section of Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | - Kathleen Tenner
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Karla Ballman
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Darren Riehle
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert B Jenkins
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | | | | | - Edith A Perez
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida.
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Adamczyk A, Grela-Wojewoda A, Domagała-Haduch M, Ambicka A, Harazin-Lechowska A, Janecka A, Cedrych I, Majchrzyk K, Kruczak A, Ryś J, Niemiec J. Proteins Involved in HER2 Signalling Pathway, Their Relations and Influence on Metastasis-Free Survival in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Trastuzumab in Adjuvant Setting. J Cancer 2017; 8:131-139. [PMID: 28123607 PMCID: PMC5264049 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Resistance to trastuzumab (which is a standard therapy for breast cancer patients with HER2 overexpression) is associated with higher risk of progression or cancer death, and might be related to activation of signalling cascades (PI3K/AKT/mTOR, Ras/Raf/MAPK) and decreased level of their inhibitors. Material and methods: Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumour specimens from 118 HER2-overexpressing breast cancer patients treated with radical local therapy and trastuzumab in adjuvant setting were used for the assessment of: (1) PIK3CA gene mutations (p.H1047R and p.E545K) by qPCR, and (2) expression of Ki-67, EGFR, MUC4, HER3 and PTEN by immunohistochemistry. Results: Lower Ki-67LI was observed in EGFR-immunonegative and in PTEN-immunopositive tumours. MUC4-immunonegative tumours more frequently were PTEN- and HER3-immunonegative. Favourable metastasis-free survival was observed in patients with tumours characterized by Ki-67LI≤50% (p=0.027), HER3 immunonegativity or PTEN immunopositivity (vs. tumours with HER3 expression and lack of PTEN expression, p=0.043), additionally, the trend was observed for patients with pN0+pN1 pathological tumour stage (vs. pN2+pN3) (p=0.086). Cox model revealed that independent negative prognostic factors were: (i) Ki-67LI>50% (p=0.014, RR=4.6, 95% CI 1.4-15.4), (ii) HER3 immunopositivity together with PTEN immunonegativity (p=0.034, RR=3.7, 95% CI 1.1-12.5). Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that combined analysis of HER3 and PTEN expression might bring information on trastuzumab sensitivity in the group of HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab in adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Adamczyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Grela-Wojewoda
- Department of Systemic and Generalized Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Domagała-Haduch
- Department of Systemic and Generalized Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Ambicka
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Harazin-Lechowska
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Janecka
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Ida Cedrych
- Department of Systemic and Generalized Malignancies, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Kaja Majchrzyk
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Anna Kruczak
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Janusz Ryś
- Department of Tumour Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
| | - Joanna Niemiec
- Department of Applied Radiobiology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie Memorial Cancer Centre and Institute of Oncology, Cracow Branch, Cracow, Poland
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7
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Non-HER2 signaling pathways activated in resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 153:493-505. [PMID: 26400847 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3578-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
HER2 receptor is overexpressed approximately in 20 % of human breast cancer (BC) and is a poor prognostic factor. Although therapies targeting this receptor have improved the prognosis of this cancer, up to 62 % patients treated with these drugs experiment progression during the first year of treatment. Some molecular mechanisms have been proposed to be responsible for this resistance, such as activation of alternative signaling pathways (through ERBB receptors and non-ERBB receptors or increased expression of ligands and alterations in HER2 signaling components). In this article, we will review the influence of genetic markers in non-HER2 signaling pathways investigated to date as cause of resistance to HER2-targeted drugs in HER2-positive BC patients. GRB7, included in the 17q12 amplicon, has been associated to poor prognosis in BC patients. Biomarkers like EPHAR and SRC, have demonstrated clinical relevance and prognostic value in HER2-positive BC patients. Non-invasive biomarkers, such as elevated IGF1 serum levels have been revealed as interesting biomarkers to be considered as predictors of trastuzumab clinical outcomes in BC patients. However, the prognostic value of most of the biomarkers investigated to date, such as HER3, IGF1R, PIK3CA, or AKT1 cannot be fully established yet, since results have not been conclusive.
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8
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Madrid-Paredes A, Cañadas-Garre M, Sánchez-Pozo A, Calleja-Hernández MÁ. De novo resistance biomarkers to anti-HER2 therapies in HER2-positive breast cancer. Pharmacogenomics 2015; 16:1411-26. [PMID: 26257318 DOI: 10.2217/pgs.15.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapies targeting HER2 receptor, overexpressed in 20% breast cancer (BC), improved prognosis, however ~62% patients experiment progression during the first year. Molecular mechanisms proposed to be responsible for this de novo resistance include HER2 modifications, defects in the antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity or in cell arrest and apoptosis or alterations in HER2 signaling components. This article will review the influence of genetic markers investigated to date as cause of de novo resistance to HER2-targeted drugs in HER2-positive BC patients. Biomarkers like p95HER2, CCND1 and CDC25A have demonstrated clinical relevance and prognostic value in HER2-positive BC patients. However, the prognostic value of most biomarkers investigated to date, such as PIK3CA or AKT1, cannot be fully established yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Madrid-Paredes
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Marisa Cañadas-Garre
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology II, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Calleja-Hernández
- Pharmacogenetics Unit, UGC Provincial de Farmacia de Granada, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, s/n; 18071 Granada, Spain
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9
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Vici P, Crispo A, Giordano A, Di Lauro L, Sperati F, Terrenato I, Pizzuti L, Sergi D, Mottolese M, Botti C, Grimaldi M, Capasso I, D'Aiuto G, Di Bonito M, Di Paola F, Maugeri-Saccà M, Montella M, Barba M. Anthropometric, metabolic and molecular determinants of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression in luminal B breast cancer. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:1708-12. [PMID: 25510909 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic and trascriptomic profiling has recently contributed details to the characterization of luminal B breast cancer. We explored the contribution of anthropometric, metabolic, and molecular determinants to the multifaceted heterogeneity of this breast cancer subtype, with a specific focus on the association between body mass index (BMI), pre-treatment fasting glucose, hormone receptors, and expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Extensively annotated specimens were obtained from 154 women with luminal B breast cancer diagnosed at two Italian comprehensive cancer centres. Participants' characteristics were descriptively analyzed overall and by HER2 status (positive vs. negative). BMI (<25 vs ≥25), pre-treatment fasting glucose (<median value of 94 mg/dl vs. ≥94) and percentage of hormone receptors were tested for association with HER2 expression in regression models. In univariate models, BMI, fasting glucose and, at a lesser extent, percentage of estrogen receptors (ER) were significantly and inversely associated with HER2 expression (OR: 0.32, 95% CI: 0.16-0.66; 0.43, 0.23-0.82; 0.96, 0.94-0.97, respectively). The multivariate models confirmed the protective role of BMI and ER on HER2 expression, with luminal B HER2 positive patients being significantly less frequent among women within the highest category of BMI and percentage expression of ER compared with their counterparts (OR: 0.22, 95% CI: 0.09-0.53; 0.95, 0.93-0.97). In conclusions, BMI and percentage of ER representation are inversely associated with HER2 expression in luminal B breast cancers. Upon confirmatory findings, this might help identify patient subgroups who may best benefit from the use of interventions targeting insulin resistance in well depicted breast cancer scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Vici
- Division of Medical Oncology B, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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Diver EJ, Foster R, Rueda BR, Growdon WB. The Therapeutic Challenge of Targeting HER2 in Endometrial Cancer. Oncologist 2015; 20:1058-68. [PMID: 26099744 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, diagnosed in more than 50,000 women annually. While the majority of women present with low-grade tumors that are cured with surgery and adjuvant radiotherapy, a significant subset of women experience recurrence and do not survive their disease. A disproportionate number of the more than 8,000 annual deaths attributed to endometrial cancer are due to high-grade uterine cancers, highlighting the need for new therapies that target molecular alterations specific to this subset of tumors. Numerous correlative scientific investigations have demonstrated that the HER2 (ERBB2) gene is amplified in 17%-33% of carcinosarcoma, uterine serous carcinoma, and a subset of high-grade endometrioid endometrial tumors. In breast cancer, this potent signature has directed women to anti-HER2-targeted therapies such as trastuzumab and lapatinib. In contrast to breast cancer, therapy with trastuzumab alone revealed no responses in women with recurrent HER2 overexpressing endometrial cancer, suggesting that these tumors may possess acquired or innate trastuzumab resistance mechanisms. This review explores the literature surrounding HER2 expression in endometrial cancer, focusing on trastuzumab and other anti-HER2 therapy and resistance mechanisms characterized in breast cancer but germane to endometrial tumors. Understanding resistance pathways will suggest combination therapies that target both HER2 and key oncogenic escape pathways in endometrial cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE This review summarizes the role of HER2 in endometrial cancer, with a focus on uterine serous carcinoma. The limitations to date of anti-HER2 therapy in this disease site are examined, and mechanisms of drug resistance are outlined based on the experience in breast cancer. Potential opportunities to overcome inherent resistance to anti-HER2 therapy in endometrial cancer are detailed, offering opportunities for further clinical study with the goal to improve outcomes in this challenging disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth J Diver
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Rosemary Foster
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bo R Rueda
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Whitfield B Growdon
- Vincent Center for Reproductive Biology and Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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11
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Farabaugh SM, Boone DN, Lee AV. Role of IGF1R in Breast Cancer Subtypes, Stemness, and Lineage Differentiation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:59. [PMID: 25964777 PMCID: PMC4408912 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling is fundamental for growth and survival. A large body of evidence (laboratory, epidemiological, and clinical) implicates the exploitation of this pathway in cancer. Up to 50% of breast tumors express the activated form of the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R). Breast cancers are categorized into subtypes based upon hormone and ERRB2 receptor expression and/or gene expression profiling. Even though IGF1R influences tumorigenic phenotypes and drug resistance across all breast cancer subtypes, it has specific expression and function in each. In some subtypes, IGF1R levels correlate with a favorable prognosis, while in others it is associated with recurrence and poor prognosis, suggesting different actions based upon cellular and molecular contexts. In this review, we examine IGF1R expression and function as it relates to breast cancer subtype and therapy-acquired resistance. Additionally, we discuss the role of IGF1R in stem cell maintenance and lineage differentiation and how these cell fate influences may alter the differentiation potential and cellular composition of breast tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Farabaugh
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David N. Boone
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adrian V. Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Women’s Cancer Research Center, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- *Correspondence: Adrian V. Lee, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, 204 Craft Avenue, Room A412, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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12
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Sanabria-Figueroa E, Donnelly SM, Foy KC, Buss MC, Castellino RC, Paplomata E, Taliaferro-Smith L, Kaumaya PTP, Nahta R. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor signaling increases the invasive potential of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-overexpressing breast cancer cells via Src-focal adhesion kinase and forkhead box protein M1. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:150-61. [PMID: 25391374 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER2)-targeted antibody trastuzumab is a major clinical concern in the treatment of HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. Increased expression or signaling from the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) has been reported to be associated with trastuzumab resistance. However, the specific molecular and biologic mechanisms through which IGF-1R promotes resistance or disease progression remain poorly defined. In this study, we found that the major biologic effect promoted by IGF-1R was invasion, which was mediated by both Src-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling and Forkhead box protein M1 (FoxM1). Cotargeting IGF-1R and HER2 using either IGF-1R antibodies or IGF-1R short hairpin RNA in combination with trastuzumab resulted in significant but modest growth inhibition. Reduced invasion was the most significant biologic effect achieved by cotargeting IGF-1R and HER2 in trastuzumab-resistant cells. Constitutively active Src blocked the anti-invasive effect of IGF-1R/HER2 cotargeted therapy. Furthermore, knockdown of FoxM1 blocked IGF-1-mediated invasion, and dual targeting of IGF-1R and HER2 reduced expression of FoxM1. Re-expression of FoxM1 restored the invasive potential of IGF-1R knockdown cells treated with trastuzumab. Overall, our results strongly indicate that therapeutic combinations that cotarget IGF-1R and HER2 may reduce the invasive potential of cancer cells that are resistant to trastuzumab through mechanisms that depend in part on Src and FoxM1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Sanabria-Figueroa
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Siobhan M Donnelly
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Kevin C Foy
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Meghan C Buss
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Robert C Castellino
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Elisavet Paplomata
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Latonia Taliaferro-Smith
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Pravin T P Kaumaya
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
| | - Rita Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology (E.S.-F., S.M.D., R.N.) and Hematology and Medical Oncology (E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), School of Medicine, and Molecular and Systems Pharmacology Program, Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences (E.S.-F., R.N.), and Winship Cancer Institute (R.C.C., E.P., L.T.-S., R.N.), Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia; Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia (M.C.B., R.C.C.); and Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Microbiology, James Cancer Hospital, Solove Research Institute and Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (K.C.F., P.T.P.K.)
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Dual targeting of ErbB-2/ErbB-3 results in enhanced antitumor activity in preclinical models of pancreatic cancer. Oncogenesis 2014; 3:e117. [PMID: 25133484 PMCID: PMC5189962 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2014.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
ErbB-3 and its ligand NRG-1β are key players in driving oncogenic signaling and resistance to therapy through the activation of the PI3K/Akt pathway. We have recently reported that EV20, a humanized anti-ErbB3 antibody, possesses a marked antitumor activity in a variety of human tumor models, including pancreatic cancer (PC). Here, we report that despite epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression, PC cells are more sensitive to NRG-1β than EGF in terms of Akt activation and cell proliferation. Using stable ErbB-3-knocked down cells and EV20 in combination with trastuzumab, we showed that dual targeting of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 was necessary to completely abrogate ErbB-3 signaling and to impair cell proliferation. Similarly, enhanced therapeutic efficacy of the antibody combination was seen in xenografts originating from K-Ras-mutated HPAF-II and SW1990 cells, without increasing the toxicity. These results indicate that dual targeting of ErbB-2 and ErbB-3 could represent a new therapeutic approach in PC.Oncogenesis (2014) 3, e117; doi:10.1038/oncsis.2014.31; published online 18 August 2014.
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14
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Fleming IN, Andriu A, Smith TAD. Early changes in [18F]FDG incorporation by breast cancer cells treated with trastuzumab in normoxic conditions: role of the Akt-pathway, glucose transport and HIF-1α. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014; 144:241-8. [PMID: 24522376 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-014-2858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
HER-2 overexpression does not guarantee response to HER2-targeting drugs such as trastuzumab, which is cardiotoxic and expensive, so early detection of response status is crucial. Factors influencing [(18)F]FDG incorporation in the timeframe of cell signalling down-regulation subsequent to trastuzumab treatment are investigated to provide a better understanding of the relationship between growth response and modulation of [(18)F]FDG incorporation. HER-2-overexpressing breast tumour cell lines, MDA-MB-453, SKBr3 and BT474 and MDA-MB-468 (HER2 non-over-expressor) were treated with trastuzumab (4 h) and probed for AKT, pAKT, ERK1/2, pERK1/2 and HIF-1α to determine early signalling pathway inhibitory effects of trastuzumab. Cells incubated with trastuzumab and/or PI3K inhibitor LY294002 and ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126 and glucose transport and [(18)F]FDG incorporation measured. Cell lines expressed AKT, pAKT, ERK1/2 and pERK1/2 but not HIF-1α. Trastuzumab treatment decreased pAkt but not pERK1/2 levels. Trastuzumab did not further inhibit AKT when maximally inhibited with LY294002. Treatment with LY294002 and trastuzumab for 4 h decreased [(18)F]FDG incorporation in BT474 and MDA-MB-453 but not SKBr3 cells. LY294002 inhibited glucose transport by each cell line, but the glucose transport rate was tenfold higher by SKBr3 cells than BT474 and MDA-MB-453 cells. AKT-induced uptake of [(18)F]FDG was found to be HIF-1α independent in breast cancer cell lines. AKT inhibition level and tumour cell glucose transport rate can influence whether or not PI3K inhibitors affect [(18)F]FDG incorporation which may account for the variation in preclinical and clinical findings associated with [(18)F]FDG-PET in response to trastuzumab and other HER-2 targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian N Fleming
- Division of Applied Medicine, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, AB24 2TN, UK
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15
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Zhuo RJ, Wang F, Zhang XH, Zhang JJ, Xu J, Dong W, Zou ZQ. Α-eleostearic acid inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in breast cancer cells via HER2/HER3 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:993-8. [PMID: 24425042 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
α-eleostearic acid (α-ESA) has been shown to possess antitumor activity in cancer cells. However, the underlying mechanism(s) remain largely unknown. The present study was designed to investigate the antitumor effect of α-ESA in breast cancer cells showing different expression levels of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). α-ESA inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in the SKBR3 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. The mechanism by which cell growth was inhibited involved G0/G1 and G2/M cell cycle phase arrest. The MTT assay showed that SKBR3 cells are more sensitive to α-ESA compared to T47D cells. Western blot analysis revealed that α-ESA treatment not only reduced HER2/HER3 protein expression, but also increased the level of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homolog protein (PTEN), which led to decreased levels of phosphorylated Akt. Inactive Akt further reduced phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)‑associated death promoter (BAD) proteins. Furthermore, the level of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 was found to be reduced following α-ESA treatment. Notably, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was activated by α-ESA treatment. Data of the present study showed that the antitumor activity of α-ESA is at least partly mediated by reduction of the HER2/HER3 heterodimer protein level, activation of the Akt/BAD/Bcl-2 apoptotic pathway and inhibition of the Akt/GSK-3β survival pathway in the two breast cancer cell lines investigated in this study. Therefore, α-ESA may be considered a beneficial dietary factor for the prevention and treatment of invasive breast cancer in cells overexpressing HER2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Jie Zhuo
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Clinical Laboratory, Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Hong Zhang
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Jie Zhang
- Maritime Faculty, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Jin Xu
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Wei Dong
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Quan Zou
- Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, P.R. China
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16
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De P, Hasmann M, Leyland-Jones B. Molecular determinants of trastuzumab efficacy: What is their clinical relevance? Cancer Treat Rev 2013; 39:925-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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17
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Zou Z, Bellenger S, Massey KA, Nicolaou A, Geissler A, Bidu C, Bonnotte B, Pierre AS, Minville-Walz M, Rialland M, Seubert J, Kang JX, Lagrost L, Narce M, Bellenger J. Inhibition of the HER2 pathway by n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids prevents breast cancer in fat-1 transgenic mice. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:3453-63. [PMID: 24052576 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m042754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression of the tyrosine kinase receptor, ErbB2/HER2/Neu, occurs in 25-30% of invasive breast cancer (BC) with poor patient prognosis. Due to confounding factors, inconsistencies still remain regarding the protective effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on BC. We therefore evaluated whether fat-1 transgenic mice, endogenously synthesizing n-3 PUFAs from n-6 PUFAs, were protected against BC development, and we then aimed to study in vivo a mechanism potentially involved in such protection. E0771 BC cells were implanted into fat-1 and wild-type (WT) mice. After tumorigenesis examination, we analyzed the expression of proteins involved in the HER2 signaling pathway and lipidomic analyses were performed in tumor tissues and plasma. Our results showed that tumors totally disappeared by day 15 in fat-1 mice but continued to grow in WT mice. This prevention can be related in part to significant repression of the HER2/β-catenin signaling pathway and formation of significant levels of n-3 PUFA-derived bioactive mediators (particularly 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid, 17-hydroxydocosahexaenoic acid, and prostaglandin E3) in the tumors of fat-1 mice compared with WT mice. All together these data demonstrate an anti-BC effect of n-3 PUFAs through, at least in part, HER2 signaling pathway downregulation, and highlight the importance of gene-diet interactions in BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuquan Zou
- Université de Bourgogne, UFR Sciences de la Vie, de la Terre et de l'Environnement, Dijon, France
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Kawamoto M, Horibe T, Kohno M, Kawakami K. HER2-targeted hybrid peptide that blocks HER2 tyrosine kinase disintegrates cancer cell membrane and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:384-93. [PMID: 23358664 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
HER2 is a transmembrane oncoprotein encoded by the HER2/neu gene and is overexpressed in approximately 20% to 30% of breast cancers. We have recently designed a novel class of drug, the hybrid peptide, which is chemically synthesized and is composed of a target-binding peptide and a lytic peptide containing cationic-rich amino acid components that disintegrate the cell membrane, leading to cancer cell death via membrane lysis. In this study, we designed a HER2-binding peptide linked to this novel lytic peptide, which we termed the HER2-lytic hybrid peptide and assessed the cytotoxic activity of this hybrid peptide in vitro and in vivo. The HER2-lytic hybrid peptide showed high cytotoxic activity against all ovarian and breast cancer cell lines, even trastuzumab- and/or lapatinib-resistant cells, but not against normal cells. Competition assays using anti-HER2 antibody and knockdown of this receptor by siRNA confirmed the specificity of the HER2-lytic hybrid peptide. In addition, it was shown that the HER2-lytic hybrid peptide can disintegrate the cancer cell membrane of HER2-overexpressing SK-BR-3 cancer cells in only 5 minutes, but not normal cells, and block HER2 signaling. Intravenous administration of the HER2-lytic peptide in the athymic mouse implanted with BT-474 and MDA-MB-453 cells significantly inhibited tumor progression. The HER2-lytic hybrid peptide was effective even in breast cancer cell lines that are resistant to trastuzumab and/or lapatinib in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, this hybrid peptide may provide a potent treatment option for patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Kawamoto
- Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Yoshidakonoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Browne BC, Eustace AJ, Kennedy S, O’Brien NA, Pedersen K, McDermott MSJ, Larkin A, Ballot J, Mahgoub T, Sclafani F, Madden S, Kennedy J, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O’Donovan N. Evaluation of IGF1R and phosphorylated IGF1R as targets in HER2-positive breast cancer cell lines and tumours. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:717-27. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2260-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wulfkuhle JD, Berg D, Wolff C, Langer R, Tran K, Illi J, Espina V, Pierobon M, Deng J, DeMichele A, Walch A, Bronger H, Becker I, Waldhör C, Höfler H, Esserman L, Liotta LA, Becker KF, Petricoin EF. Molecular analysis of HER2 signaling in human breast cancer by functional protein pathway activation mapping. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:6426-35. [PMID: 23045247 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-0452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeting of the HER2 protein in human breast cancer represents a major advance in oncology but relies on measurements of total HER2 protein and not HER2 signaling network activation. We used reverse-phase protein microarrays (RPMA) to measure total and phosphorylated HER2 in the context of HER family signaling to understand correlations between phosphorylated and total levels of HER2 and downstream signaling activity. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Three independent study sets, comprising a total of 415 individual patient samples from flash-frozen core biopsy samples and formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) surgical and core samples, were analyzed via RPMA. The phosphorylation and total levels of the HER receptor family proteins and downstream signaling molecules were measured in laser capture microdissected (LCM) enriched tumor epithelium from 127 frozen pretreatment core biopsy samples and whole-tissue lysates from 288 FFPE samples and these results were compared with FISH and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS RPMA measurements of total HER2 were highly concordant (>90% all sets) with FISH and/or IHC data, as was phosphorylation of HER2 in the FISH/IHC(+) population. Phosphorylation analysis of HER family signaling identified HER2 activation in some FISH/IHC(-) tumors and, identical to that seen with FISH/IHC(+) tumors, the HER2 activation was concordant with EGF receptor (EGFR) and HER3 phosphorylation and downstream signaling endpoint activation. CONCLUSIONS Molecular profiling of HER2 signaling of a large cohort of human breast cancer specimens using a quantitative and sensitive functional pathway activation mapping technique reveals IHC(-)/FISH(-)/pHER2(+) tumors with HER2 pathway activation independent of total HER2 levels and functional signaling through HER3 and EGFR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Wulfkuhle
- Center for Applied Proteomics and Molecular Medicine, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia 20110, USA
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21
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Han SW, Cha Y, Paquet A, Huang W, Weidler J, Lie Y, Sherwood T, Bates M, Haddad M, Park IH, Oh DY, Lee KS, Im SA, Bang YJ, Ro J, Kim TY. Correlation of HER2, p95HER2 and HER3 expression and treatment outcome of lapatinib plus capecitabine in her2-positive metastatic breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39943. [PMID: 22848366 PMCID: PMC3407213 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lapatinib plus capecitabine is an effective treatment option for trastuzumab-refractory HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer. We have investigated the correlation between quantitative measures of HER2, p95HER2, and HER3 and treatment outcomes using lapatinib and capecitabine. METHODS Total HER2 (H2T), p95HER2 (p95), and total HER3 (H3T) expression were quantified in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples using the VeraTag assays. Patients received lapatinib and capecitabine treatment following trastuzumab failure according to the Lapatinib Expanded Access Program. The association between the protein expression levels and clinical outcomes was analyzed. RESULTS A total of 52 patients were evaluable. H2T level was significantly higher in responders (median 93.49 in partial response, 47.66 in stable disease, and 17.27 in progressive disease; p = 0.020). Longer time-to-progression (TTP) was observed in patients with high H2T [p = 0.018, median 5.2 months in high (>14.95) vs. 1.8 in low (<14.95)] and high H3T [p = 0.017, median 5.0 months in high (>0.605) vs. 2.2 in low (<0.605)]. Patients having both high H2T and high H3T had significantly longer TTP [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.38 (95% CI 0.20-0.73), p = 0.004] and overall survival [adjusted HR 0.46 (95% CI 0.24-0.89), p = 0.020]. No significant association between p95 and response or survival was observed. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest a correlation between high HER2 and high HER3 expression and treatment outcome, while no significant difference was observed between clinical outcome and p95 expression level in this cohort of HER2-positive, trastuzumab-refractory metastatic breast cancer patients treated with lapatinib and capecitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sae-Won Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yongjun Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Agnes Paquet
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Weidong Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jodi Weidler
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Yolanda Lie
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Thomas Sherwood
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Michael Bates
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Mojgan Haddad
- Monogram Biosciences, Inc., San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - In Hae Park
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Do-Youn Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Seok Lee
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
| | - Seock-Ah Im
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yung-Jue Bang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jungsil Ro
- Center for Breast Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Korea
- * E-mail: (TYK); (JR)
| | - Tae-You Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail: (TYK); (JR)
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22
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Nahta R. Pharmacological strategies to overcome HER2 cross-talk and Trastuzumab resistance. Curr Med Chem 2012; 19:1065-75. [PMID: 22229414 DOI: 10.2174/092986712799320691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 20-30% of breast cancers show increased expression of the HER2 receptor tyrosine kinase. Trastuzumab (Herceptin) is a clinically approved anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody. Many patients with HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer respond to trastuzumab; however, a subset display primary drug resistance. In addition, many patients who initially respond to trastuzumab ultimately develop disease progression. Multiple molecular mechanisms contributing to trastuzumab resistance have been proposed in the literature. These mechanisms include cross-signaling from related HER/erbB receptors and compensatory signaling from receptors outside of the HER/erbB family, including receptors for insulin-like growth factor-I, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor beta. The major downstream signaling pathway activated by HER2 cross-talk is PI3K/mTOR, and a potential integrator of receptor cross-talk is Src-focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. PI3K, Src, and FAK have independently been implicated in trastuzumab resistance. In this review, we will discuss pharmacological inhibition of HER2 cross-talk as a strategy to treat trastuzumab-refractory HER2-overexpresssing breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nahta
- Departments of Pharmacology, Emory University School of Medicine, USA.
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Deciphering the role of insulin-like growth factor-I receptor in trastuzumab resistance. CHEMOTHERAPY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012; 2012:648965. [PMID: 22830017 PMCID: PMC3399380 DOI: 10.1155/2012/648965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to the HER2-targeted antibody trastuzumab is a major clinical concern in the treatment of HER2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Increased expression or signaling of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) has been reported in a subset of cell lines and clinical samples derived from trastuzumab-resistant breast cancers. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of IGF-IR signaling has been shown to improve response to trastuzumab in trastuzumab-naïve and trastuzumab-resistant models. In this paper, we will discuss the role of IGF-IR signaling in trastuzumab resistance. Further, we will discuss cotargeting IGF-IR and HER2 as a potential therapeutic strategy for HER2-over-expressing breast cancers that have progressed on trastuzumab treatment.
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Jathal MK, Chen L, Mudryj M, Ghosh PM. Targeting ErbB3: the New RTK(id) on the Prostate Cancer Block. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 11:131-149. [PMID: 21603064 DOI: 10.2174/187152211795495643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Most prostate cancers (PCa) are critically reliant on functional androgen receptor (AR) signaling. At its onset, PCa is androgen-dependent and although temporarily halted by surgically or pharmacologically blocking the AR (androgen ablation), the disease ultimately recurs as an aggressive, fatal castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). FDA-approved treatments like docetaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent, and Provenge, a cancer vaccine, extend survival by a scant 3 and 4 months, respectively. It is clear that more effective drugs targeting CRPC are urgently needed. The ErbB family (EGFR/ErbB1, ErbB2/HER2/neu, ErbB3/HER3 and ErbB4/HER4) of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) have long been implicated in PCa initiation and progression, but inhibitors of ErbB1 and ErbB2 (prototypic family members) fared poorly in PCa clinical trials. Recent research suggests that another family member ErbB3 abets emergence of the castration-resistant phenotype. Considerable efforts are being directed towards understanding ErbB3-mediated molecular mechanisms of castration resistance and searching for novel ways of inhibiting ErbB3 activity via rational drug design. Antibody-based therapy that prevents ligand binding to ErbB3 appears promising and fully-humanized antibodies that inhibit ligand-induced phosphorylation of ErbB3 are currently in early development. Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors are also being vigorously pursued, as are siRNA-based approaches and combination treatment strategies- the simultaneous suppression of ErbB3 and its signaling partners or downstream effectors - with the primary purpose of undermining the resiliency of ErbB3-mediated signal transduction. This review summarizes the existing literature and reinforces the importance of ErbB3 as a therapeutic target in the clinical management of prostate cancer.
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25
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Mukherjee A, Badal Y, Nguyen XT, Miller J, Chenna A, Tahir H, Newton A, Parry G, Williams S. Profiling the HER3/PI3K pathway in breast tumors using proximity-directed assays identifies correlations between protein complexes and phosphoproteins. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16443. [PMID: 21297994 PMCID: PMC3030586 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The identification of patients for targeted antineoplastic therapies requires accurate measurement of therapeutic targets and associated signaling complexes. HER3 signaling through heterodimerization is an important growth-promoting mechanism in several tumor types and may be a principal resistance mechanism by which EGFR and HER2 expressing tumors elude targeted therapies. Current methods that can study these interactions are inadequate for formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples. Methodology and Principal Findings Herein, we describe a panel of proximity-directed assays capable of measuring protein-interactions and phosphorylation in FFPE samples in the HER3/PI3K/Akt pathway and examine the capability of these assays to inform on the functional state of the pathway. We used FFPE breast cancer cell line and tumor models for this study. In breast cancer cell lines we observe both ligand-dependent and independent activation of the pathway and strong correlations between measured activation of key analytes. When selected cell lines are treated with HER2 inhibitors, we not only observe the expected molecular effects based on mechanism of action knowledge, but also novel effects of HER2 inhibition on key targets in the HER receptor pathway. Significantly, in a xenograft model of delayed tumor fixation, HER3 phosphorylation is unstable, while alternate measures of pathway activation, such as formation of the HER3PI3K complex is preserved. Measurements in breast tumor samples showed correlations between HER3 phosphorylation and receptor interactions, obviating the need to use phosphorylation as a surrogate for HER3 activation. Significance This assay system is capable of quantitatively measuring therapeutically relevant responses and enables molecular profiling of receptor networks in both preclinical and tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mukherjee
- Department of Oncology, Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California, United States of America.
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26
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Sawaki M, Iwata H, Sato Y, Wada M, Toyama T, Sasaki E, Yatabe Y, Imai T, Ohashi Y. Phase II study of preoperative systemic treatment with the combination of docetaxel and trastuzumab in patients with locally advanced HER-2-overexpressing breast cancer. Breast 2010; 19:370-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2010.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2009] [Revised: 02/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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27
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Browne BC, Crown J, Venkatesan N, Duffy MJ, Clynes M, Slamon D, O'Donovan N. Inhibition of IGF1R activity enhances response to trastuzumab in HER-2-positive breast cancer cells. Ann Oncol 2010; 22:68-73. [PMID: 20647220 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdq349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND although trastuzumab has improved the prognosis for HER-2-positive breast cancer patients, not all HER-2-positive breast tumours respond to trastuzumab treatment and those that initially respond frequently develop resistance. Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) signalling has been previously implicated in trastuzumab resistance. We tested IGF1R inhibition to determine if dual targeting of HER-2 and IGF1R improves response in cell line models of acquired trastuzumab resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS HER-2, IGF1R, phospho-HER-2, and phospho-IGF1R levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays in parental and trastuzumab-resistant SKBR3 and BT474 cells. IGF1R signalling was targeted in these cells using both small interfering RNA (siRNA) and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, NVP-AEW541. RESULTS IGF1R levels were significantly increased in the trastuzumab-resistant model, SKBR3/Tr, compared with the parental SKBR3 cell line. In both the SKBR3/Tr and BT474/Tr cell lines, inhibition of IGF1R expression with siRNA or inhibition of tyrosine kinase activity by NVP-AEW541 significantly increased response to trastuzumab. The dual targeting approach also improved response in the parental SKBR3 cells but not in the BT474 parental cells. CONCLUSIONS our results confirm that IGF1R inhibition improves response to trastuzumab in HER-2-positive breast cancer cells and suggest that dual targeting of IGF1R and HER-2 may improve response in HER-2-positive tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Browne
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9
| | - J Crown
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9; Department of Medical Oncology, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - N Venkatesan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - M J Duffy
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, St Vincent's University Hospital, and UCD School of Medicine and Medical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - M Clynes
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9
| | - D Slamon
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - N O'Donovan
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9.
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Spears M, Kenicer J, Munro AF, Bartlett JMS. Type I receptor tyrosine kinases as predictive or prognostic markers in early breast cancer. Biomark Med 2010; 2:397-407. [PMID: 20477393 DOI: 10.2217/17520363.2.4.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The type I receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family of proteins play an essential role in the progression of early breast cancer. Our understanding of the role of these proteins has increased over the last 20 years, however, as yet, there are still a number of unanswered questions regarding their position in endocrine resistance, chemotherapy resistance and in the biology of breast cancer. There have been, and are currently, a number of clinical trials that have examined the use of anticancer therapy such as cytotoxic drugs, and treatments that target the RTKs and signaling pathways that have been identified. There is clear evidence that molecular subtypes of cancer respond differently to different therapeutic options, which challenges the 'one size fits all' approach to chemotherapy. Here we review the human epidermal growth factor receptor family of proteins and their potential predictive or prognostic role in early breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Spears
- Endocrine Cancer Group, Edinburgh Cancer Research Centre, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road South, Edinburgh, EH4 2XR, Scotland
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29
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O'Brien NA, Browne BC, Chow L, Wang Y, Ginther C, Arboleda J, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O'Donovan N, Slamon DJ. Activated Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/AKT Signaling Confers Resistance to Trastuzumab but not Lapatinib. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:1489-502. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-1171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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30
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Koutras AK, Fountzilas G, Kalogeras KT, Starakis I, Iconomou G, Kalofonos HP. The upgraded role of HER3 and HER4 receptors in breast cancer. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2010; 74:73-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2008] [Revised: 04/15/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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31
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Desbois-Mouthon C. The HER3/ErbB3 receptor: a promising target in cancer drug therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 34:255-9. [PMID: 20418034 DOI: 10.1016/j.gcb.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Yonemori K, Tsuta K, Shimizu C, Hatanaka Y, Hirakawa A, Ono M, Kouno T, Katsumata N, Ando M, Tamura K, Hasegawa T, Kinoshita T, Fujiwara Y. Immunohistochemical expression of HER1, HER3, and HER4 in HER2-positive breast cancer patients treated with trastuzumab-containing neoadjuvant chemotherapy. J Surg Oncol 2010; 101:222-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jso.21486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Abstract
The approval of trastuzumab for use in metastatic breast cancer marked a breakthrough in the understanding of the biology of the disease. However, like most cancer therapies, the disease finds a way to advance despite the treatments developed to eradicate it. Although trastuzumab has had a large effect on the treatment of early and advanced-stage disease, a substantial proportion of patients with HER2-positive breast cancer still progress after receiving the drug. Potential mechanisms of resistance to trastuzumab include bypass mechanisms, mutations of the HER2 target, masking of HER2 proteins, inhibition of insulin-like growth factor, and phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) deficiency. Many therapies are being developed to target these mechanisms in patients with HER2-positive, trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Additionally, treatment strategies other than trastuzumab with unique mechanisms of action are being assessed in this specific group of patients. In this review, we discuss the emerging data assessing therapeutic approaches in the management of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie L Jones
- Purdue University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Soler M, Mancini F, Meca-Cortés O, Sánchez-Cid L, Rubio N, López-Fernández S, Lozano JJ, Blanco J, Fernández PL, Thomson TM. HER3 is required for the maintenance of neuregulin-dependent and -independent attributes of malignant progression in prostate cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2009; 125:2565-75. [PMID: 19530240 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
HER3 (ERBB3) is a catalytically inactive pseudokinase of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase family, frequently overexpressed in prostate and other cancers. Aberrant expression and mutations of 2 other members of the family, EGFR and HER2, are key carcinogenic events in several types of tumors, and both are well- validated therapeutic targets. In this study, we show that HER3 is required to maintain the motile and invasive phenotypes of prostate (DU-145) and breast (MCF-7) cancer cells in response to the HER3 ligand neuregulin-1 (NRG-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fetal bovine serum. Although MCF-7 breast cancer cells appeared to require HER3 as part of an autocrine response induced by EGF and FBS, the response of DU-145 prostate cancer cells to these stimuli, while requiring HER3, did not appear to involve autocrine stimulation of the receptor. DU-145 cells required the expression of HER3 for efficient clonogenicity in vitro in standard growth medium and for tumorigenicity in immunodeficient mice. These observations suggest that prostate cancer cells derived from tumors that overexpress HER3 are dependent on its expression for the maintenance of major attributes of neoplastic aggressiveness, with or without cognate ligand stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Soler
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Barcelona Molecular Biology Institute, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain
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35
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Schoeberl B, Pace EA, Fitzgerald JB, Harms BD, Xu L, Nie L, Linggi B, Kalra A, Paragas V, Bukhalid R, Grantcharova V, Kohli N, West KA, Leszczyniecka M, Feldhaus MJ, Kudla AJ, Nielsen UB. Therapeutically targeting ErbB3: a key node in ligand-induced activation of the ErbB receptor-PI3K axis. Sci Signal 2009; 2:ra31. [PMID: 19567914 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2000352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The signaling network downstream of the ErbB family of receptors has been extensively targeted by cancer therapeutics; however, understanding the relative importance of the different components of the ErbB network is nontrivial. To explore the optimal way to therapeutically inhibit combinatorial, ligand-induced activation of the ErbB-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) axis, we built a computational model of the ErbB signaling network that describes the most effective ErbB ligands, as well as known and previously unidentified ErbB inhibitors. Sensitivity analysis identified ErbB3 as the key node in response to ligands that can bind either ErbB3 or EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor). We describe MM-121, a human monoclonal antibody that halts the growth of tumor xenografts in mice and, consistent with model-simulated inhibitor data, potently inhibits ErbB3 phosphorylation in a manner distinct from that of other ErbB-targeted therapies. MM-121, a previously unidentified anticancer therapeutic designed using a systems approach, promises to benefit patients with combinatorial, ligand-induced activation of the ErbB signaling network that are not effectively treated by current therapies targeting overexpressed or mutated oncogenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birgit Schoeberl
- Merrimack Pharmaceuticals, One Kendall Square, Building 700, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Kaufman B, Trudeau M, Awada A, Blackwell K, Bachelot T, Salazar V, DeSilvio M, Westlund R, Zaks T, Spector N, Johnston S. Lapatinib monotherapy in patients with HER2-overexpressing relapsed or refractory inflammatory breast cancer: final results and survival of the expanded HER2+ cohort in EGF103009, a phase II study. Lancet Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045%2809%2970087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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37
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Kaufman B, Trudeau M, Awada A, Blackwell K, Bachelot T, Salazar V, DeSilvio M, Westlund R, Zaks T, Spector N, Johnston S. Lapatinib monotherapy in patients with HER2-overexpressing relapsed or refractory inflammatory breast cancer: final results and survival of the expanded HER2+ cohort in EGF103009, a phase II study. Lancet Oncol 2009; 10:581-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(09)70087-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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38
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Ignatiadis M, Desmedt C, Sotiriou C, de Azambuja E, Piccart M. HER-2 as a target for breast cancer therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:1848-52. [PMID: 19289395 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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40
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Targeting ErbB2 and ErbB3 with a bispecific single-chain Fv enhances targeting selectivity and induces a therapeutic effect in vitro. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1415-25. [PMID: 18841159 PMCID: PMC2576487 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Inappropriate signalling through the EGFR and ErbB2/HER2 members of the epidermal growth factor family of receptor tyrosine kinases is well recognised as being causally linked to a variety of cancers. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies specific for these receptors have become increasingly important components of effective treatment strategies for cancer. Increasing evidence suggests that ErbB3 plays a critical role in cancer progression and resistance to therapy. We hypothesised that co-targeting the preferred ErbB2/ErbB3 heterodimer with a bispecific single-chain Fv (bs-scFv) antibody would promote increased targeting selectivity over antibodies specific for a single tumour-associated antigen (TAA). In addition, we hypothesised that targeting this important heterodimer could induce a therapeutic effect. Here, we describe the construction and evaluation of the A5-linker-ML3.9 bs-scFv (ALM), an anti-ErbB3/ErbB2 bs-scFv. The A5-linker-ML3.9 bs-scFv exhibits selective targeting of tumour cells in vitro and in vivo that co-express the two target antigens over tumour cells that express only one target antigen or normal cells that express low levels of both antigens. The A5-linker-ML3.9 bs-scFv also exhibits significantly greater in vivo targeting of ErbB2‘+’/ErbB3‘+’ tumours than derivative molecules that contain only one functional arm targeting ErbB2 or ErbB3. Binding of ALM to ErbB2‘+’/ErbB3‘+’ cells mediates inhibition of tumour cell growth in vitro by effectively targeting the therapeutic anti-ErbB3 A5 scFv. This suggests both that ALM could provide the basis for an effective therapeutic agent and that engineered antibodies selected to co-target critical functional pairs of TAAs can enhance the targeting specificity and efficacy of antibody-based cancer therapeutics.
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Diermeier-Daucher S, Brockhoff G. Flow cytometric FRET analysis of ErbB receptor tyrosine kinase interaction. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; Chapter 12:Unit12.14. [PMID: 18770646 DOI: 10.1002/0471142956.cy1214s45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The homologous and heterologous interaction of members of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-related receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family (ErbB or HER family receptors) upon ligand binding is the initial key event in signal transduction by these receptors. In addition to the availability of their respective ligands, the relative expression level of the four ErbB receptors triggers receptor cross-activation, which determines signal diversification and the cells' biological response. However, the function of ErbB receptors and their ligands appears highly complex, and its impact on cell growth and proliferation of normal and tumor cells is incompletely understood. Flow cytometric fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurements facilitate the quantitative analysis of receptor interaction. This unit delineates the cell-by-cell analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1, HER1) and ErbB2 (HER2) receptor interaction in ErbB2-overexpressing BT474 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines, using a dual-laser flow cytometer. ReFlex software-based quantification of energy transfer efficiency (E) directly reflects the amount of receptor interaction.
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Stern DF. ERBB3/HER3 and ERBB2/HER2 duet in mammary development and breast cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2008; 13:215-23. [PMID: 18454306 PMCID: PMC6590701 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-008-9083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/21/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ERBB3/HER3 is one of the four members of the epidermal growth factor receptor (ERBB) family. It is activated by binding to ligands Neuregulin-1 and Neuregulin-2. Since ERBB3 lacks intrinsic kinase activity, signal transduction occurs through formation of heterodimers with EGFR, ERBB2, and ERBB4. ERBB3 is a signaling specialist since it has six binding sites for the p85 SH2 adapter subunit of phosphoinositide 3' kinases. These lipid kinases coordinate regulation of metabolism, cell size, proliferation, survival, and angiogenesis. Not surprisingly, ERBB3 signaling has been linked to cancer etiology and progression. In breast cancer, the partnership of ERBB2 and ERBB3 may be crucial for the aggressive properties of cancers with ERBB2 amplification, and may contribute to pre-existing and acquired resistance to therapy. This partnership creates opportunities for improving efficacy of ERBB-targeted pharmaceuticals, by interfering with coupling of ERBB2 to ERBB3 through dimerization inhibitors, and by use of therapeutic compounds that target AKT-dependent pathways activated through ERBB3. Additional therapeutic opportunities may be identified through better understanding of how ERBBs are regulated and deployed in normal mammary gland processes. Work using mouse models has identified the main processes regulated by each of the four ERBBs, which has practical implications in understanding breast cancer etiology, and eventual development of better prognostic, predictive, and therapeutic tools.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Mammary Glands, Animal/embryology
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/embryology
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mice
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism
- Receptor, ErbB-3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, ErbB-3/genetics
- Receptor, ErbB-3/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
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Affiliation(s)
- David F Stern
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, P.O. Box 208023, New Haven, CT 06520-8023, USA.
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Karamouzis M, Konstantinopoulos P, Papavassiliou A. ErbB/HER receptor family in breast cancer—the more we search the more we learn. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1020-1. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Menendez JA, Lupu R. Transphosphorylation of kinase-dead HER3 and breast cancer progression: a new standpoint or an old concept revisited? Breast Cancer Res 2008; 9:111. [PMID: 17983482 PMCID: PMC2242662 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although neither kinase-dead human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER)3 nor orphan HER2 can be activated by HER-related ligands on their own, the formation of HER2/HER3 heterodimers creates the most mitogenic and transforming receptor complex within the HER (erbB) family of transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases. The incorporation of markers such as HER3 transactivation, HER2/HER3 dimer, or others that may provide information regarding the level of HER pathway engagement has been demonstrated to allow identification of patients who respond to or escape HER-targeted therapies. Pioneering studies showed that high expression of kinase-dead HER3 can predict early escape from the anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab. Also, the growth-inhibitory effects of HER1/2 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were previously found to be attenuated in the presence of heregulin, which is a high-affinity combinatorial ligand for HER3. All of these concepts are being revisited with respect to the efficacy of HER family TKI therapies; in particular, HER3 signalling buffered against incomplete inhibition of HER2 kinase activity has been suggested to be the mechanism that allows HER2 over-expressing breast cancer cells to escape HER TKIs. It remains to be elucidated whether reactivation of HER3 signalling can also account for the poor efficacy of HER TKIs in treating breast carcinomas that contain low overall levels of HER2 receptors. However, it appears that regardless of the mechanism that triggers the formation of oncogenic HER2/HER3 heterodimers (HER2 over-expression or overall low HER2 but high levels of the HER3 ligand heregulin), HER3 transphosphorylation is a common response of breast cancer cells upon treatment with current inhibitors of the HER receptor tyrosine kinase network. Because kinase-inactive HER3 is not presently an amenable target for forthcoming HER TKIs, molecular approaches that can efficiently block heregulin-triggered HER3 transactivation or nucleocytoplasmic trafficking of heregulin might offer novel strategies with which to manage HER-driven breast cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Menendez
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Health Services Division of Catalonia, Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Medical Oncology, Dr, Josep Trueta, University Hospital of Girona, Catalonia, Spain.
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Rajman I. PK/PD modelling and simulations: utility in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2008; 13:341-6. [PMID: 18405847 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2008.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Revised: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/22/2008] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling and simulation can be used as an 'applied science' tool to provide answers on efficacy and safety of new drugs faster and at a lower cost. PK/PD modelling can be used from the preclinical phase through all clinical phases of drug development. Optimal use of PK/PD modelling and simulation will lead to fewer failed compounds, fewer study failures and smaller numbers of studies needed for registration. For PK/PD modelling to fulfil its potential in drug development, it needs to be embraced across the industry and regulatory agencies, and more education on this topic is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Rajman
- Novartis Pharma AG, WSJ-210.6.29, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland.
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Johnston S, Trudeau M, Kaufman B, Boussen H, Blackwell K, LoRusso P, Lombardi DP, Ben Ahmed S, Citrin DL, DeSilvio ML, Harris J, Westlund RE, Salazar V, Zaks TZ, Spector NL. Phase II Study of Predictive Biomarker Profiles for Response Targeting Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2) in Advanced Inflammatory Breast Cancer With Lapatinib Monotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:1066-72. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.13.9949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 161] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is one of the most aggressive forms of breast cancer. Lapatinib, an oral reversible inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human EGFR 2 (HER-2), demonstrated clinical activity in four of five IBC patients in phase I trials. We conducted a phase II trial to confirm the sensitivity of IBC to lapatinib, to determine whether response is HER-2 or EGFR dependent, and to elucidate a molecular signature predictive of lapatinib sensitivity. Patients and Methods Our open-label multicenter phase II trial (EGF103009) assessed clinical activity and safety of lapatinib monotherapy in patients with recurrent or anthracycline-refractory IBC. Patients were assigned to cohorts A (HER-2–overexpressing [HER-2+]) or B(HER-2–/EGFR+) and fresh pretreatment tumor biopsies were collected. Results Forty-five patients (30 in cohort A; 15 in cohort B) received lapatinib 1,500 mg once daily continuously. Clinical presentation and biomarker analyses demonstrated a tumor molecular signature consistent with IBC. Lapatinib was generally well tolerated, with primarily grade 1/2 skin and GI toxicities. Fifteen patients (50%) in cohort A had clinical responses to lapatinib in skin and/or measurable disease (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) compared with one patient in cohort B. Within cohort A, phosphorylated (p) HER-3 and lack of p53 expression predicted for response to lapatinib (P < .05). Tumors coexpressing pHER-2 and pHER-3 were more likely to respond to lapatinib (nine of 10 v four of 14; P = .0045). Prior trastuzumab therapy and loss of phosphate and tensin homolog 10 (PTEN) did not preclude response to lapatinib. Conclusion Lapatinib is well tolerated with clinical activity in heavily pretreated HER-2+, but not EGFR+/HER-2–, IBC. In this study, coexpression of pHER-2 and pHER-3 in tumors seems to predict for a favorable response to lapatinib. These findings warrant further investigation of lapatinib monotherapy or combination therapy in HER-2+ IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Johnston
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Maureen Trudeau
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Bella Kaufman
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Hamouda Boussen
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Kimberley Blackwell
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Patricia LoRusso
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Donald P. Lombardi
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Slim Ben Ahmed
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Dennis L. Citrin
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Michelle L. DeSilvio
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Jennifer Harris
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Ron E. Westlund
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Vanessa Salazar
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Tal Z. Zaks
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
| | - Neil L. Spector
- From the Department of Medicine-Breast Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Medical Oncology & Hematology, Sunnybrook and Women's College Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Oncology Institute, The Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel; Institut Shalah Azaiz, Tunis; Department of Service de Carcinologie Médicale, CHU Farhat Hached, Sousse, Tunisia; Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Karmanos Cancer Institute, Detroit, MI; Washington University Medical
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Pegram M, Perez EA, Piccart M, Spector N. Expert Roundtable: Emerging Questions in ErbB2-Positive Breast Cancer; February 22, 2007. Clin Breast Cancer 2008; 8 Suppl 3:S131-41. [DOI: 10.3816/cbc.2008.s.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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O'Connor R, Clynes M, Dowling P, O'Donovan N, O'Driscoll L. Drug resistance in cancer - searching for mechanisms, markers and therapeutic agents. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2008; 3:805-17. [PMID: 18028026 DOI: 10.1517/17425255.3.6.805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Treatment resistance, whether inherent or acquired, is a major problem reducing the activity of conventional and newer, molecularly targeted, cancer drugs. A more complex picture of the causes and contributions of specific forms of resistance is now emerging through application of pharmacological, proteomic and gene expression technologies and we have entered an exciting time where new molecular research tools are being applied not only to characterise the causes of such resistance, but to identify rational new treatments and treatment combinations that are being rapidly translated to clinical evaluations with increasing success. This review outlines many of the contributing causes of resistance to established cytotoxics and to the new breed of molecularly targeted agents, both monoclonal antibodies and small molecules, and the research methods being used to wage war on resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert O'Connor
- Dublin City University, National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology (NICB), Dublin 9, Ireland
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Vazquez-Martin A, Oliveras-Ferraros C, Colomer R, Brunet J, Menendez JA. Low-scale phosphoproteome analyses identify the mTOR effector p70 S6 kinase 1 as a specific biomarker of the dual-HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib (Tykerb) in human breast carcinoma cells. Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1097-109. [PMID: 18283037 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdm589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Discovery of key proliferative and/or survival cascades closely linked to the biological effects of human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) 1 (erbB-1) and/or HER2 (erbB-2) inhibitors may identify a priori mechanisms responsible for the development of acquired resistance in breast cancer disease. Here, we took advantage of a semiquantitative protein array technology to identify intracellular oncogenic kinases that distinctively correlate with breast cancer cell sensitivity/resistance to the dual-HER1/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib (Tykerb(R)). MATERIALS AND METHODS MCF-7 cells were forced to overexpress HER2 following stable transduction with pBABE-HER2 retroviruses. The Human Phospho-MAPK Array Proteome Profilertrade mark (R&D Systems) was used to molecularly assess the effects of both the mono-HER2 inhibitor trastuzumab (Herceptintrade mark) and the dual-HER1/HER2 inhibitor lapatinib on 21 different oncogenic kinases. A model of acquired resistance to lapatinib (MCF-7/HER2-Lap10 cells) was established by chronically exposing MCF-7/HER2 cells to increasing concentrations of lapatinib for >10 months. RESULTS Treatment of MCF-7/HER2 cells with either trastuzumab or lapatinib similarly impaired HER2-enhanced activation status (i.e. phosphorylation) of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, c-Jun N-terminal kinases 1-3 and p38alpha/beta/gamma/delta and of the serine/threonine kinases AKT, glycogen synthase kinase-3, p90 ribosomal s6 kinase1/2, and mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinase1/2. Trastuzumab was less effective than lapatinib at blocking extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 and, notably, it failed to deactivate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) effector p70S6K1. Conversely, lapatinib treatment caused a drastic decrease in the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 at ERK1/2-regulated sites (Thr(421)/Ser(424)) and, as a consequence, p70S6K1 activity measured by its phospho-Thr(389) levels was abolished. The mTOR inhibitor rapamycin was found to supraadditively increase lapatinib efficacy in MCF-7/HER2 cells [ approximately 10-fold enhancement; combination index (CI(50)) = 0.243 < 1.0 = additivity, P < 0.001] but not in p70S6K1 gene-amplified MCF-7 parental cells ( approximately 1.3-fold enhancement; CI(50) = 0.920 congruent with 1.0 = additivity). Lapatinib-resistant MCF-7/HER2-Lap10 cells, which are capable of growing in the continuous presence of 10 microM lapatinib without significant effects on cell viability, notably exhibited a lapatinib-insensitive hyperphosphorylation of p70S6K1. Rapamycin cotreatment suppressed p70S6K1 hyperactivation and synergistically resensitized MCF-7/HER2-Lap10 cells to lapatinib (>20-fold increase in lapatinib-induced cytotoxicity; CI(50) = 0.175 < 1.0 = additivity). CONCLUSIONS Serine-threonine kinase p70S6K1, a marker for mTOR activity that regulates protein translation, constitutes a specific biomarker for the biological effects of the dual-HER1/HER2 inhibitor lapatinib. The clinical implications of our data are that the efficacy of lapatinib might be enhanced with therapies that target the mTOR pathway. Rapamycin analogues such as CCI-779 (Temsirolimus) and RAD001 (Everolimus) may warrant further clinical evaluation to effectively delay or prevent the development of acquired resistance to lapatinib in HER2-positive breast cancer patients.
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Ali N, Knaüper V. Phorbol Ester-induced Shedding of the Prostate Cancer Marker Transmembrane Protein with Epidermal Growth Factor and Two Follistatin Motifs 2 Is Mediated by the Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase-17. J Biol Chem 2007; 282:37378-88. [DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m702170200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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