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Aftabi S, Barzegar Behrooz A, Cordani M, Rahiman N, Sadeghdoust M, Aligolighasemabadi F, Pistorius S, Alavizadeh SH, Taefehshokr N, Ghavami S. Therapeutic targeting of TGF-β in lung cancer. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39083441 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a complex role in lung cancer pathophysiology, initially acting as a tumor suppressor by inhibiting early-stage tumor growth. However, its role evolves in the advanced stages of the disease, where it contributes to tumor progression not by directly promoting cell proliferation but by enhancing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and creating a conducive tumor microenvironment. While EMT is typically associated with enhanced migratory and invasive capabilities rather than proliferation per se, TGF-β's influence on this process facilitates the complex dynamics of tumor metastasis. Additionally, TGF-β impacts the tumor microenvironment by interacting with immune cells, a process influenced by genetic and epigenetic changes within tumor cells. This interaction highlights its role in immune evasion and chemoresistance, further complicating lung cancer therapy. This review provides a critical overview of recent findings on TGF-β's involvement in lung cancer, its contribution to chemoresistance, and its modulation of the immune response. Despite the considerable challenges encountered in clinical trials and the development of new treatments targeting the TGF-β pathway, this review highlights the necessity for continued, in-depth investigation into the roles of TGF-β. A deeper comprehension of these roles may lead to novel, targeted therapies for lung cancer. Despite the intricate behavior of TGF-β signaling in tumors and previous challenges, further research could yield innovative treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Aftabi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Marco Cordani
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Niloufar Rahiman
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Mohammadamin Sadeghdoust
- Division of BioMedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Canada
| | - Farnaz Aligolighasemabadi
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Stephen Pistorius
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | - Seyedeh Hoda Alavizadeh
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - Nima Taefehshokr
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, University of Manitoba College of Medicine, Winnipeg, Canada
- Paul Albrechtsen Research Institute, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
- Faculty Academy of Silesia, Faculty of Medicine, Katowice, Poland
- Children Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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2
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Sosa J, Oyelakin A, Sinha S. The Reign of Follistatin in Tumors and Their Microenvironment: Implications for Drug Resistance. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:130. [PMID: 38392348 PMCID: PMC10887188 DOI: 10.3390/biology13020130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Follistatin (FST) is a potent neutralizer of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily and is associated with normal cellular programs and various hallmarks of cancer, such as proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and immune evasion. The aberrant expression of FST by solid tumors is a well-documented observation, yet how FST influences tumor progression and therapy response remains unclear. The recent surge in omics data has revealed new insights into the molecular foundation underpinning tumor heterogeneity and its microenvironment, offering novel precision medicine-based opportunities to combat cancer. In this review, we discuss these recent FST-centric studies, thereby offering an updated perspective on the protean role of FST isoforms in shaping the complex cellular ecosystem of tumors and in mediating drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Sosa
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
- Ben Towne Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
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3
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Kuo MH, Chen PY, Yang YP, Zheng MY, Miao CC, Wen KC, Chang KM, Chou SJ, Wang ML, Chiou SH, Chou YT. Cytokine and epigenetic regulation of programmed death-ligand 1 in stem cell differentiation and cancer cell plasticity. STEM CELLS (DAYTON, OHIO) 2021; 39:1298-1309. [PMID: 34182610 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), an immune checkpoint ligand, is recognized as a potential target for cancer immunotherapy as well as for the induction of transplantation tolerance. However, how the crosstalk between stem cell programming and cytokine signaling regulates PD-L1 expression during stem cell differentiation and cancer cell plasticity remains unclear. Herein, we reported that PD-L1 expression was regulated by SOX2 during embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation and lung cancer cell plasticity. PD-L1 was induced during ESC differentiation to fibroblasts and was downregulated during SOX2-mediated reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Furthermore, SOX2 activation affected cancer cell plasticity and inhibited PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. We discovered that the H3K27ac signal at the PD-L1 locus was enhanced during ESC differentiation to fibroblasts as well as during cancer plasticity of SOX2-positive lung cancer cells to SOX2-negative counterparts. Romidepsin, an epigenetic modifier, induced PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells, whereas TGF-β stimulation downregulated SOX2 but upregulated PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, in addition to PD-L1, the expressions of EGFR and its ligand HBEGF were downregulated by activation of endogenous SOX2 expression during lung cancer cell plasticity and iPSC reprogramming, and the activation of EGFR signaling by HBEGF upregulated PD-L1 expression in lung cancer cells. Together, our results reveal the crosstalk between SOX2 programming and cytokine stimulation influences PD-L1 expression, and these findings may provide insights into PD-L1-mediated therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Han Kuo
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ping Yang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ming-Yi Zheng
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Cheng Miao
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chang Wen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Ming Chang
- Department of Pathology, Hsinchu MacKay Memorial Hospital, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Jie Chou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mong-Lien Wang
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shih-Hwa Chiou
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Chou
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
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4
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Wan Mohd Tajuddin WNB, Lajis NH, Abas F, Othman I, Naidu R. Mechanistic Understanding of Curcumin's Therapeutic Effects in Lung Cancer. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2989. [PMID: 31817718 PMCID: PMC6950067 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is among the most common cancers with a high mortality rate worldwide. Despite the significant advances in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, lung cancer prognoses and survival rates remain poor due to late diagnosis, drug resistance, and adverse effects. Therefore, new intervention therapies, such as the use of natural compounds with decreased toxicities, have been considered in lung cancer therapy. Curcumin, a natural occurring polyphenol derived from turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been studied extensively in recent years for its therapeutic effects. It has been shown that curcumin demonstrates anti-cancer effects in lung cancer through various mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis, induction of apoptosis, epigenetic alterations, and regulation of microRNA expression. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that these mechanisms are modulated by multiple molecular targets such as STAT3, EGFR, FOXO3a, TGF-β, eIF2α, COX-2, Bcl-2, PI3KAkt/mTOR, ROS, Fas/FasL, Cdc42, E-cadherin, MMPs, and adiponectin. In addition, limitations, strategies to overcome curcumin bioavailability, and potential side effects as well as clinical trials were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Nur Baitty Wan Mohd Tajuddin
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Nordin H. Lajis
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
| | - Faridah Abas
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (N.H.L.); (F.A.)
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
| | - Rakesh Naidu
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan 47500, Malaysia; (W.N.B.W.M.T.); (I.O.)
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5
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Tiwari A, Swamynathan S, Alexander N, Gnalian J, Tian S, Kinchington PR, Swamynathan SK. KLF4 Regulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Cycle Progression by Suppressing Canonical TGF-β Signaling and Upregulating CDK Inhibitors P16 and P27. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 60:731-740. [PMID: 30786277 PMCID: PMC6383833 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) promotes corneal epithelial (CE) cell fate while suppressing mesenchymal properties. TGF-β plays a crucial role in cell differentiation and development, and if dysregulated, it induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). As KLF4 and TGF-β regulate each other in a context-dependent manner, we evaluated the role of the crosstalk between KLF4 and TGF-β-signaling in CE homeostasis. Methods We used spatiotemporally regulated ablation of Klf4 within the adult mouse CE in ternary transgenic Klf4Δ/ΔCE (Klf4LoxP/LoxP/ Krt12rtTA/rtTA/ Tet-O-Cre) mice and short hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown or lentiviral vector-mediated overexpression of KLF4 in human corneal limbal epithelial (HCLE) cells to evaluate the crosstalk between KLF4 and TGF-β-signaling components. Expression of TGF-β signaling components and cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitors was quantified by quantitative PCR, immunoblots, and/or immunofluorescent staining. Results CE-specific ablation of Klf4 resulted in (1) upregulation of TGF-β1, -β2, -βR1, and -βR2; (2) downregulation of inhibitory Smad7; (3) hyperphosphorylation of Smad2/3; (4) elevated nuclear localization of phospho-Smad2/3 and Smad4; and (5) downregulation of CDK inhibitors p16 and p27. Consistently, shRNA-mediated knockdown of KLF4 in HCLE cells resulted in upregulation of TGF-β1 and -β2, hyperphosphorylation and nuclear localization of SMAD2/3, downregulation of SMAD7, and elevated SMAD4 nuclear localization. Furthermore, overexpression of KLF4 in HCLE cells resulted in downregulation of TGF-β1, -βR1, and -βR2 and upregulation of SMAD7, p16, and p27. Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that KLF4 regulates CE cell cycle progression by suppressing canonical TGF-β signaling and overcomes the undesirable concomitant decrease in TGF-β–dependent CDK inhibitors p16 and p27 expression by directly upregulating them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Tiwari
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Sudha Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Nicholas Alexander
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John Gnalian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shenghe Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Paul R Kinchington
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Shivalingappa K Swamynathan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Fox Center for Vision Restoration, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,McGowan Institute of Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
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6
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Wang Y, Tan X, Tang Y, Zhang C, Xu J, Zhou J, Cheng X, Hou N, Liu W, Yang G, Teng Y, Yang X. Dysregulated Tgfbr2/ERK-Smad4/SOX2 Signaling Promotes Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Formation. Cancer Res 2019; 79:4466-4479. [PMID: 31209059 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a common type of lung cancer. There is limited information on the genes and pathways that initiate lung SCC. Here, we report that loss of TGFβ type II receptor (Tgfbr2), frequently deleted in human lung cancer, led to predominant lung SCC development in KrasG12D mice with a short latency, high penetrance, and extensive metastases. Tgfbr2-loss-driven lung SCCs resembled the salient features of human lung SCC, including histopathology, inflammatory microenvironment, and biomarker expression. Surprisingly, loss of Smad4, a key mediator of Tgfbr2, failed to drive lung SCC; instead, low levels of phosphorylated ERK1/2, a Smad-independent downstream effector of Tgfbr2, were tightly associated with lung SCC in both mouse and human. Mechanistically, inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 significantly upregulated the expression of SOX2, an oncogenic driver of lung SCC, and cooperated with SMAD4 repression to elevate SOX2. Inhibition of ERK1/2 in Smad4fl/fl ;KrasG12D mice led to extensive lung SCC formation that resembled the SCC phenotype of Tgfbr2-deficient mice. Overall, we reveal a key role of ERK1/2 in suppressing SCC formation and demonstrate that dysregulated Tgfbr2/ERK-Smad4/SOX2 signaling drives lung SCC formation. We also present a mouse model of metastatic lung SCC that may be valuable for screening therapeutic targets. SIGNIFICANCE: This study sheds new light on the mechanisms underlying lung SCC formation driven by mutated Kras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohong Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yuling Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Guan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences, Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China.
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7
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Sippel TR, Johnson AM, Li HY, Hanson D, Nguyen TT, Bullock BL, Poczobutt JM, Kwak JW, Kleczko EK, Weiser-Evans MC, Nemenoff RA. Activation of PPARγ in Myeloid Cells Promotes Progression of Epithelial Lung Tumors through TGFβ1. Mol Cancer Res 2019; 17:1748-1758. [PMID: 31088909 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-19-0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a heterogeneous disease in which patient-specific treatments are desirable and the development of targeted therapies has been effective. Although mutations in KRAS are frequent in lung adenocarcinoma, there are currently no targeted agents against KRAS. Using a mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell line with a Kras mutation (CMT167), we previously showed that PPARγ activation in lung cancer cells inhibits cell growth in vitro yet promotes tumor progression when activated in myeloid cells of the tumor microenvironment. Here, we report that PPARγ activation in myeloid cells promotes the production of TGFβ1, which, in turn, acts on CMT167 cancer cells to increase migration and induce an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Targeting TGFβ1 signaling in CMT167 cells prevented their growth and metastasis in vivo. Similarly, another mouse lung adenocarcinoma cell line with a Kras mutation, LLC, induced TGFβ1 in myeloid cells through PPARγ activation. However, LLC cells are more mesenchymal and did not undergo EMT in response to TGFβ1, nor did LLC require TGFβ1 signaling for metastasis in vivo. Converting CMT167 cells to a mesenchymal phenotype through overexpression of ZEB1 made them unresponsive to TGFβ1 receptor inhibition. The ability of TGFβ1 to induce EMT in lung tumors may represent a critical process in cancer progression. We propose that TGFβ receptor inhibition could provide an additional treatment option for KRAS-mutant epithelial lung tumors.Implications: This study suggests that TGFβ receptor inhibitors may be an effective therapy in a subset of KRAS-mutant patients with non-small cell lung cancer, which show an epithelial phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trisha R Sippel
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amber M Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Howard Y Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Dwight Hanson
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Teresa T Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bonnie L Bullock
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Joanna M Poczobutt
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jeff W Kwak
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Emily K Kleczko
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mary C Weiser-Evans
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
| | - Raphael A Nemenoff
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Aurora, Colorado. .,Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Denver, Colorado
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8
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Fang L, Wu S, Zhu X, Cai J, Wu J, He Z, Liu L, Zeng M, Song E, Li J, Li M, Guan H. MYEOV functions as an amplified competing endogenous RNA in promoting metastasis by activating TGF-β pathway in NSCLC. Oncogene 2018; 38:896-912. [PMID: 30181549 PMCID: PMC6756124 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0484-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains a major cause of death worldwide. As metastatic disease is primarily responsible for the poor clinical outcome of NSCLC, it is important to understand the process, and its underlying molecular mechanism as well, via which NSCLC cells disseminate. In this study, we identified a new competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), namely, the MYEOV transcript, and found that it is upregulated in NSCLC and associated with a poor prognosis of the disease. We further uncovered that the MYEOV ceRNA plays a critical role in the invasion and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Intriguingly, the MYEOV ceRNA exerted its pro-metastatic function independent of its protein-coding capacity, but in a miR-30c-2-3p binding-dependent manner. Further experiments demonstrated that the MYEOV ceRNA sequestered miR-30c-2-3p from binding its targets TGFBR2 and USP15 mRNAs, which in turn leading to constitutive activation of TGF-β signaling and tumor progression in NSCLC. By identifying a new layer of regulatory modality for TGF-β signaling, our findings extend the current understanding on the molecular mechanism mediating NSCLC progression and highlight a potential role of MYEOV transcript to serve as the therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lishan Fang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Central Laboratory of The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shanshan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junchao Cai
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jueheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenjian He
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Musheng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
| | - Erwei Song
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Biochemistry, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfeng Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China. .,Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongyu Guan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Wang Y, Jia Y, Yan L, Fu J, Hao M, Chen W, Yao B, Zhao P, Zhou Z. Clusterin and neuropilin-2 as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in benzo[a]pyrene-transformed 16HBE cells xenografted nude mouse model. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 275:145-151. [PMID: 28784314 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) is a ubiquitous environment contaminant and its exposure could increase incidence of human lung cancer. In order to confirm and compare potential biomarkers of BaP-induce carcinogenesis and tumor progression, time-dependent changes of clusterin (CLU) and neuropilin-2 (NRP2) levels were evaluated in sera of BaP-transformed 16HBE cell line T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice. Performance of CLU and NRP2 on tissue classification and tumor progression forecast was also calculated. Levels of CLU and NRP2 were significant elevated in both culture supernatant of T-16HBE-C1 cells and sera of T-16HBE-C1 cells xenografted nude mice compared with control. CLU and NRP2 were both found positively stained in tumor tissue. CLU and NRP2 alone could well predicate tumor progression in nude mice and CLU appeared to be more sensitive than NRP2. When both of them combined, performance of predication would improve. In conclusion, CLU and NRP2 could serve as potential biomarkers of tumor progression in nude mice xenografted with T-16HBE-C1 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yongrui Jia
- Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Lailai Yan
- Central Laboratory, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Juanling Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Mingmei Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
| | - Biyun Yao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
| | - Zongcan Zhou
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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10
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Chae D, Ban E, Yoo YS, Kim EE, Baik J, Song EJ. MIR‐27a regulates the TGF‐β signaling pathway by targeting
SMAD2
and
SMAD4
in lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1992-1998. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong‐Kyu Chae
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk‐gu, SeoulSouth Korea
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eunmi Ban
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk‐gu, SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk‐gu, SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eunice EunKyeong Kim
- Biomedical Research InstituteKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk‐gu, SeoulSouth Korea
| | - Ja‐Hyun Baik
- School of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyKorea UniversitySeoulSouth Korea
| | - Eun Joo Song
- Molecular Recognition Research CenterKorea Institute of Science and TechnologySeongbuk‐gu, SeoulSouth Korea
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11
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Zhao H, Zhang J, Shao H, Liu J, Jin M, Chen J, Huang Y. Transforming Growth Factor β1/Smad4 Signaling Affects Osteoclast Differentiation via Regulation of miR-155 Expression. Mol Cells 2017; 40:211-221. [PMID: 28359146 PMCID: PMC5386959 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2017.2303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)/Smad4 signaling plays a pivotal role in maintenance of the dynamic balance between bone formation and resorption. The microRNA miR-155 has been reported to exert a significant role in the differentiation of macrophage and dendritic cells. The goal of this study was to determine whether miR-155 regulates osteoclast differentiation through TGFβ1/Smad4 signaling. Here, we present that TGFβ1 elevated miR-155 levels during osteoclast differentiation through the stimulation of M-CSF and RANKL. Additionally, we found that silencing Smad4 attenuated the upregulation of miR-155 induced by TGFβ1. The results of luciferase reporter experiments and ChIP assays demonstrated that TGFβ1 promoted the binding of Smad4 to the miR-155 promoter at a site located in 454 bp from the transcription start site in vivo, further verifying that miR-155 is a transcriptional target of the TGFβ1/Smad4 pathway. Subsequently, TRAP staining and qRT-PCR analysis revealed that silencing Smad4 impaired the TGFβ1-mediated inhibition on osteoclast differentiation. Finally, we found that miR-155 may target SOCS1 and MITF to suppress osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, we provide the first evidence that TGFβ1/Smad4 signaling affects osteoclast differentiation by regulation of miR-155 expression and the use of miR-155 as a potential therapeutic target for osteoclast-related diseases shows great promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Haiyu Shao
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Jianwen Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Mengran Jin
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Jinping Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
| | - Yazeng Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang,
China
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12
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Yang S, Cho YJ, Jin L, Yuan G, Datta A, Buckhaults P, Datta PK. An epigenetic auto-feedback loop regulates TGF-β type II receptor expression and function in NSCLC. Oncotarget 2016; 6:33237-52. [PMID: 26356817 PMCID: PMC4741762 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The downregulation of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) type II receptor (TβRII) expression and function plays a pivotal role in the loss of the TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function that contributes to lung cancer progression. The aberrant expression of miRNAs has been shown to be involved in the regulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Our current study involving miRNA microarray, northern blot and QRT-PCR analysis shows an inverse correlation between miR-20a and TβRII expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and cell lines. Stable expression of miR-20a downregulates TβRII in lung epithelial cells which results in an inhibition of TGF-β signaling and attenuation of TGF-β-induced cell growth suppression and apoptosis. Stable knock down of miR-20a increases TβRII expression and inhibits tumorigenicity of lung cancer cells in vivo. Oncogene c-Myc promotes miR-20a expression by activating its promoter leading to downregulation of TβRII expression and TGF-Δ signaling. MiR-145, which is upregulated by TGF-β, inhibits miR-20a expression by targeting c-Myc and upregulates TβRII expression. These correlations among miRNAs and cellular proteins are supported by TCGA public database using NSCLC specimens. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the loss of TβRII expression and TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor functions in lung cancer through a complex auto-feedback loop TGF-β/miR-145/c-Myc/miR-20a/TβRII.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanzhong Yang
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yong-Jig Cho
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lin Jin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Guandou Yuan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Arunima Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Phillip Buckhaults
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pran K Datta
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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13
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Marwitz S, Depner S, Dvornikov D, Merkle R, Szczygieł M, Müller-Decker K, Lucarelli P, Wäsch M, Mairbäurl H, Rabe KF, Kugler C, Vollmer E, Reck M, Scheufele S, Kröger M, Ammerpohl O, Siebert R, Goldmann T, Klingmüller U. Downregulation of the TGFβ Pseudoreceptor BAMBI in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Enhances TGFβ Signaling and Invasion. Cancer Res 2016; 76:3785-801. [PMID: 27197161 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterized by early metastasis and has the highest mortality rate among all solid tumors, with the majority of patients diagnosed at an advanced stage where curative therapeutic options are lacking. In this study, we identify a targetable mechanism involving TGFβ elevation that orchestrates tumor progression in this disease. Substantial activation of this pathway was detected in human lung cancer tissues with concomitant downregulation of BAMBI, a negative regulator of the TGFβ signaling pathway. Alterations of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker expression were observed in lung cancer samples compared with tumor-free tissues. Distinct alterations in the DNA methylation of the gene regions encoding TGFβ pathway components were detected in NSCLC samples compared with tumor-free lung tissues. In particular, epigenetic silencing of BAMBI was identified as a hallmark of NSCLC. Reconstitution of BAMBI expression in NSCLC cells resulted in a marked reduction of TGFβ-induced EMT, migration, and invasion in vitro, along with reduced tumor burden and tumor growth in vivo In conclusion, our results demonstrate how BAMBI downregulation drives the invasiveness of NSCLC, highlighting TGFβ signaling as a candidate therapeutic target in this setting. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3785-801. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Marwitz
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Depner
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dmytro Dvornikov
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ruth Merkle
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Magdalena Szczygieł
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Philippe Lucarelli
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marvin Wäsch
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heimo Mairbäurl
- Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany. Medical Clinic VII, Sports Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Klaus F Rabe
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany. Christian Albrechts University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Kugler
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ekkehard Vollmer
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Martin Reck
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. LungenClinic Groβhansdorf, Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Swetlana Scheufele
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Maren Kröger
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Ammerpohl
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Reiner Siebert
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany. Institute of Human Genetics, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel and University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Torsten Goldmann
- Pathology of the University Hospital of Lübeck and the Leibniz Research Center Borstel, Borstel, Germany. Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Groβhansdorf, Germany
| | - Ursula Klingmüller
- Systems Biology of Signal Transduction, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. BIOQUANT, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg, Germany.
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14
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Pastorkova Z, Skarda J, Andel J. The role of microRNA in metastatic processes of non-small cell lung carcinoma. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:343-57. [PMID: 27108604 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs are small non-coding one-stranded RNA molecules that play an important role in the post-transcriptional regulation of genes. Bioinformatic predictions indicate that each miRNA can regulate hundreds of target genes. MicroRNA expression can be associated with various cellular processes leading to the metastasis of malignant tumours including non-small cell lung carcinoma. This review summarizes current knowledge on the role of microRNAs in NSCLC metastasis to the brain and lymph nodes. METHODS A search of the NCBI/PubMed database for publications on expression levels and the mechanisms of microRNA action in NSCLC metastasis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Dysregulation of microRNAs in NSCLC can be associated with brain and lymph node metastasis. There are differences in microRNA expression profiling between NSCLC with and without metastases but it is currently not possible to reliably predict the site of metastasis in NSCLC. Based on data from RNAmicroarrays, bioinformatics analysis is able to predict the target genes of highlighted microRNAs, providing us with complex information about cancer cell features such as enhanced proliferation, migration and invasion. Such microRNAs may then be knocked-down using siRNAs or substituted with miRNA mimics. RNA microarray profiling may thus be a useful tool to select up- or down-regulated microRNAs. A number of authors suggest that microRNAs could serve as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the treatment of NSCLC metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pastorkova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Skarda
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jozef Andel
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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15
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EZH2 promotes progression of small cell lung cancer by suppressing the TGF-β-Smad-ASCL1 pathway. Cell Discov 2015; 1:15026. [PMID: 27462425 PMCID: PMC4860843 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2015.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) induces apoptosis in many types of cancer cells and acts as a tumor suppressor. We performed a functional analysis of TGF-β signaling to identify a molecular mechanism that regulated survival in small cell lung cancer cells. Here, we found low expression of TGF-β type II receptor (TβRII) in most small cell lung cancer cells and tissues compared to normal lung epithelial cells and normal lung tissues, respectively. When wild-type TβRII was overexpressed in small cell lung cancer cells, TGF-β suppressed cell growth in vitro and tumor formation in vivo through induction of apoptosis. Components of polycomb repressive complex 2, including enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2), were highly expressed in small cell lung cancer cells; this led to epigenetic silencing of TβRII expression and suppression of TGF-β-mediated apoptosis. Achaete-scute family bHLH transcription factor 1 (ASCL1; also known as ASH1), a Smad-dependent target of TGF-β, was found to induce survival in small cell lung cancer cells. Thus, EZH2 promoted small cell lung cancer progression by suppressing the TGF-β-Smad-ASCL1 pathway.
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16
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Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite advancements and improvements in surgical and medical treatments, the survival rate of lung cancer patients remains frustratingly poor. Local control for early-stage nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has dramatically improved over the last decades for both operable and inoperable patients. However, the molecular mechanisms of NSCLC invasion leading to regional and distant disease spread remain poorly understood. Here, we identify microRNA-224 (miR-224) to be significantly up-regulated in NSCLC tissues, particularly in resected NSCLC metastasis. Increased miR-224 expression promotes cell migration, invasion, and proliferation by directly targeting the tumor suppressors TNFα-induced protein 1 (TNFAIP1) and SMAD4. In concordance with in vitro studies, mouse xenograft studies validated that miR-224 functions as a potent oncogenic miRNA in NSCLC in vivo. Moreover, we found promoter hypomethylation and activated ERK signaling to be involved in the regulation of miR-224 expression in NSCLC. Up-regulated miR-224, thus, facilitates tumor progression by shifting the equilibrium of the partially antagonist functions of SMAD4 and TNFAIP1 toward enhanced invasion and growth in NSCLC. Our findings indicate that targeting miR-224 could be effective in the treatment of certain lung cancer patients.
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17
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Li WH, Chang L, Xia YX, Wang L, Liu YY, Wang YH, Jiang Z, Xiao J, Wang ZR. Knockdown of PTTG1 inhibits the growth and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells through regulation of TGFB1/SMAD3 signaling. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2015; 28:45-52. [PMID: 25816405 DOI: 10.1177/0306419015572073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased expression of pituitary tumor-transforming gene 1 (PTTG1) is expressed in many tumors and regulates tumor growth and progression. However, the precise function of PTTG1 in the tumorigenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is not defined yet. Here, we examined the expression of PTTG1 in human LAC tissues by immunohistochemical assay using a tissue microarray procedure. A loss-of-function experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of lentiviral vector-mediated PTTG1 shRNA (shPTTG1) on cell growth and invasive potential in LAC cell lines (A549 and LETPα-2), assessed by MTT and Transwell assays. As a consequence, we found that the expression of PTTG1 protein was markedly upregulated in LAC tissues compared with the adjacent non-cancerous tissues (ANCT) (54.0% vs. 28.0%, P = 0.008), and was positively associated with the lymphatic invasion of the tumor ( P = 0.01). Moreover, knockdown of PTTG1 expression inhibited tumor proliferation and invasion of LAC cells, companied by the decreased expression of CyclinD1 and MMP-2 and increased expression of p-TGFβ1 and p-SMAD3. Collectively, our findings indicate that high expression of PTTG1 is correlated with the tumor metastasis of LAC patients, and knockdown of PTTG1 suppresses the growth and invasion of LAC cells through upregulation of the TGFβ1/SMAD3 signaling, suggesting that PTTG1 may be a potential target for developing an effective immunotherapeutic strategy for LAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-H Li
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-X Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province, Kunming, PR China
| | - Y-Y Liu
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Y-H Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z Jiang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - J Xiao
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Z-R Wang
- Health Ministry Key Laboratory of Chronobiology, College of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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18
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Choi H, Sheng J, Gao D, Li F, Durrans A, Ryu S, Lee SB, Narula N, Rafii S, Elemento O, Altorki NK, Wong STC, Mittal V. Transcriptome analysis of individual stromal cell populations identifies stroma-tumor crosstalk in mouse lung cancer model. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1187-201. [PMID: 25704820 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 12/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging studies have begun to demonstrate that reprogrammed stromal cells play pivotal roles in tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. However, the contribution of stromal cells to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has remained underexplored. We used an orthotopic model of Kras-driven NSCLC to systematically dissect the contribution of specific hematopoietic stromal cells in lung cancer. RNA deep-sequencing analysis of individually sorted myeloid lineage and tumor epithelial cells revealed cell-type-specific differentially regulated genes, indicative of activated stroma. We developed a computational model for crosstalk signaling discovery based on ligand-receptor interactions and downstream signaling networks and identified known and novel tumor-stroma paracrine and tumor autocrine crosstalk-signaling pathways in NSCLC. We provide cellular and molecular insights into components of the lung cancer microenvironment that contribute to carcinogenesis. This study has the potential for development of therapeutic strategies that target tumor-stroma interactions and may complement conventional anti-cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Choi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jianting Sheng
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dingcheng Gao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fuhai Li
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anna Durrans
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sharrell B Lee
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Navneet Narula
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Shahin Rafii
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute and Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Institute for Computational Biomedicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nasser K Altorki
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Research Institute, 6670 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, 6650 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Vivek Mittal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA; Neuberger Berman Lung Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, 525 East 68(th) Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
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19
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Mitra R, Edmonds MD, Sun J, Zhao M, Yu H, Eischen CM, Zhao Z. Reproducible combinatorial regulatory networks elucidate novel oncogenic microRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2014; 20:1356-68. [PMID: 25024357 PMCID: PMC4138319 DOI: 10.1261/rna.042754.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While previous studies reported aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), little is known about which miRNAs play central roles in NSCLC's pathogenesis and its regulatory mechanisms. To address this issue, we presented a robust computational framework that integrated matched miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in NSCLC using feed-forward loops. The network consists of miRNAs, transcription factors (TFs), and their common predicted target genes. To discern the biological meaning of their associations, we introduced the direction of regulation. A network edge validation strategy using three independent NSCLC expression profiling data sets pinpointed reproducible biological regulations. Reproducible regulation, which may reflect the true molecular interaction, has not been applied to miRNA-TF co-regulatory network analyses in cancer or other diseases yet. We revealed eight hub miRNAs that connected to a higher proportion of targets validated by independent data sets. Network analyses showed that these miRNAs might have strong oncogenic characteristics. Furthermore, we identified a novel miRNA-TF co-regulatory module that potentially suppresses the tumor suppressor activity of the TGF-β pathway by targeting a core pathway molecule (TGFBR2). Follow-up experiments showed two miRNAs (miR-9-5p and miR-130b-3p) in this module had increased expression while their target gene TGFBR2 had decreased expression in a cohort of human NSCLC. Moreover, we demonstrated these two miRNAs directly bind to the 3' untranslated region of TGFBR2. This study enhanced our understanding of miRNA-TF co-regulatory mechanisms in NSCLC. The combined bioinformatics and validation approach we described can be applied to study other types of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Mick D Edmonds
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jingchun Sun
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Zhongming Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA Department of Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA Department of Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37212, USA Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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The regulation of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumor promotion by estradiol in female A/J mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e93152. [PMID: 24682076 PMCID: PMC3969372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that women are at a higher risk developing lung cancer than men are. It is suggested that estrogen is one of the most important factors in lung cancer development in females. Additionally, cigarette smoke, and environmental pollutants, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), may play salient roles in female lung carcinogenesis. However, the mechanisms responsible for the interaction of these factors in the promotion of lung cancer are still poorly understood. The present study was designed to explore two ideas: first, the synergistic lung tumorigenic effects of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-butanol (NNK) combined with TCDD, 17β-estradiol (E2) or both through a long-term treatment experiment, and second, to identify early changes in the inflammatory and signaling pathways through short-term treatment experiments. The results indicate that A/J mice given E2 had strong effects in potentiating NNK-induced activation of MAPK signaling, NFκB, and COX-2 expression. In the long-term exposure model, E2 had a strong tumor promoting effect, whereas TCDD antagonized this effect in A/J mice. We conclude that treatment with NNK combined with either E2 or TCDD induces lung carcinogenesis and the promotion effects could be correlated with lung inflammation. E2 was shown to potentiate NNK-induced inflammation, cell proliferation, thereby leading to lung tumorigenesis.
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Nasarre P, Gemmill RM, Potiron VA, Roche J, Lu X, Barón AE, Korch C, Garrett-Mayer E, Lagana A, Howe PH, Drabkin HA. Neuropilin-2 Is upregulated in lung cancer cells during TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Res 2013; 73:7111-21. [PMID: 24121493 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-1755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and its reversal, mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), are fundamental processes involved in tumor cell invasion and metastasis. SEMA3F is a secreted semaphorin and tumor suppressor downregulated by TGF-β1 and ZEB1-induced EMT. Here, we report that neuropilin (NRP)-2, the high-affinity receptor for SEMA3F and a coreceptor for certain growth factors, is upregulated during TGF-β1-driven EMT in lung cancer cells. Mechanistically, NRP2 upregulation was TβRI dependent and SMAD independent, occurring mainly at a posttranscriptional level involving increased association of mRNA with polyribosomes. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and AKT inhibition blocked NRP2 upregulation, whereas RNA interference-mediated attenuation of ZEB1 reduced steady-state NRP2 levels. In addition, NRP2 attenuation inhibited TGF-β1-driven morphologic transformation, migration/invasion, ERK activation, growth suppression, and changes in gene expression. In a mouse xenograft model of lung cancer, NRP2 attenuation also inhibited locally invasive features of the tumor and reversed TGF-β1-mediated growth inhibition. In support of these results, human lung cancer specimens with the highest NRP2 expression were predominantly E-cadherin negative. Furthermore, the presence of NRP2 staining strengthened the association of E-cadherin loss with high-grade tumors. Together, our results demonstrate that NRP2 contributes significantly to TGF-β1-induced EMT in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Nasarre
- Authors' Affiliations: Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Public Health Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, The Hollings Cancer Center and Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Department of Biostatistics and informatics; Division of Medical Oncology, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado; and Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Gao L, Mai A, Li X, Lai Y, Zheng J, Yang Q, Wu J, Nan A, Ye S, Jiang Y. LncRNA-DQ786227-mediated cell malignant transformation induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol Lett 2013; 223:205-10. [PMID: 24084393 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2013] [Revised: 09/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has recently been found that the new class of transcripts, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), are pervasively transcribed in the genome. LncRNAs are a large family of non-coding RNAs and regulate many protein-coding genes. Growing evidence indicates that lncRNAs may play an important functional role in cancer biology. Emerging data have shown that lncRNAs are closely related to the occurrence and development of lung cancer. However, the function and mechanism of lncRNAs in lung cancer remain elusive. Here, we investigated the role of a novel lncRNA in transformed human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo(a)pyrene. After establishing the transformed cell model using the BEAS-2B cell line in vitro, we found that expression of lncRNA-DQ786227 was high and changed during the transformation of BEAS-2B cells. Silencing of lncRNA-DQ786227 expression in malignant transformed BEAS-2B cells led to inhibition of cell proliferation and colony formation, and increased apoptosis. LncRNA-DQ786227 dramatically promoted the ability of BEAS-2B-T cells to form colonies in vitro and develop tumors in nude mice. These findings revealed that lncRNA-DQ786227 acts as an oncogene in malignantly transformed BEAS-2B cells induced by benzo(a)pyrene. The identification of lncRNA could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyun Gao
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, PR China
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Li CY, Wood DK, Huang JH, Bhatia SN. Flow-based pipeline for systematic modulation and analysis of 3D tumor microenvironments. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1969-78. [PMID: 23563587 PMCID: PMC3812960 DOI: 10.1039/c3lc41300d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The cancer microenvironment, which incorporates interactions with stromal cells, extracellular matrix (ECM), and other tumor cells in a 3-dimensional (3D) context, has been implicated in every stage of cancer development, including growth of the primary tumor, metastatic spread, and response to treatment. Our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and our ability to develop new therapies would greatly benefit from tools that allow us to systematically probe microenvironmental cues within a 3D context. Here, we leveraged recent advances in microfluidic technology to develop a platform for high-throughput fabrication of tunable cellular microniches ("microtissues") that allow us to probe tumor cell response to a range of microenvironmental cues, including ECM, soluble factors, and stromal cells, all in 3D. We further combine this tunable microniche platform with rapid, flow-based population level analysis (n > 500), which permits analysis and sorting of microtissue populations both pre- and post-culture by a range of parameters, including proliferation and homotypic or heterotypic cell density. We used this platform to demonstrate differential responses of lung adenocarcinoma cells to a selection of ECM molecules and soluble factors. The cells exhibited enhanced or reduced proliferation when encapsulated in fibronectin- or collagen-1-containing microtissues, respectively, and they showed reduced proliferation in the presence of TGF-β, an effect that we did not observe in monolayer culture. We also measured tumor cell response to a panel of drug targets and found, in contrast to monolayer culture, specific sensitivity of tumor cells to TGFβR2 inhibitors, implying that TGF-β has an anti-proliferative affect that is unique to the 3D context and that this effect is mediated by TGFβR2. These findings highlight the importance of the microenvironmental context in therapeutic development and that the platform we present here allows the high-throughput study of tumor response to drugs as well as basic tumor biology in well-defined microenvironmental niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri Y. Li
- Chemical Engineering , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - David K. Wood
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States .
| | - Joanne H. Huang
- Biology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
| | - Sangeeta N. Bhatia
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States .
- Broad Institute , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02142 , United States
- Department of Medicine , Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science , David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research , Massachusetts Institute of Technology , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02139 , United States
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Chevy Chase , Maryland 20815 , United States
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Datta R, Halder SK, Zhang B. Role of TGF-β signaling in curcumin-mediated inhibition of tumorigenicity of human lung cancer cells. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:563-72. [PMID: 23224523 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1352-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Curcumin has been shown to have potent anticancer activities like inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis, and suppression of angiogenesis. Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a complex role in tumor suppression and promotion depending on the tumor type and stage. However, the effect of curcumin on TGF-β signaling in cancer cells and the role of TGF-β signaling in curcumin-induced anticancer activities have not been determined. Here, we investigate the role of curcumin on TGF-β signaling, and whether TGF-β signaling is involved in the antitumor activities of curcumin. METHODS Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, ACC-LC-176 (without TGF-β signaling), H358, and A549 (with TGF-β signaling) were treated with curcumin to determine cell growth, apoptosis, and tumorigenicity. Antitumor activities of curcumin were determined using these cell lines and an in vivo mouse model. We also tested the effect of curcumin on TGF-β/Smad signaling by western blotting and by luciferase assays. RESULTS Curcumin inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis of all three NSCLC cell lines in vitro and in vivo. It significantly reduced subcutaneous tumor growth by these three cell lines irrespective of TGF-β signaling status. Curcumin inhibited TGF-β-induced Smad2/3 phosphorylation and transcription in H358 and A549 cells, but not in ACC-LC-176 cells. CONCLUSIONS Curcumin reduces tumorigenicity of human lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis. These results suggest that TGF-β signaling is not directly involved in curcumin-mediated growth inhibition, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of tumorigenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raktima Datta
- Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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Chou YT, Hsieh CH, Chiou SH, Hsu CF, Kao YR, Lee CC, Chung CH, Wang YH, Hsu HS, Pang ST, Shieh YS, Wu CW. CITED2 functions as a molecular switch of cytokine-induced proliferation and quiescence. Cell Death Differ 2012; 19:2015-28. [PMID: 22814619 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2012.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α)-induced proliferation and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-mediated quiescence are intricately balanced in normal lung-tissue homeostasis but are deregulated during neoplastic progression of lung cancer. Here, we show that Cbp/p300-interacting transactivator with Glu/Asp-rich carboxy-terminal domain 2 (CITED2), a novel MYC-interacting transcriptional modulator, responds to TGF-α induction and TGF-β suppression to orchestrate cellular proliferation and quiescence, respectively. Upon TGF-α induction, CITED2 was induced by MYC and further modulated MYC-mediated transcription in a feed-forward manner. CITED2 recruited p300 to promote MYC-p300-mediated transactivation of E2F3, leading to increased G1/S cell cycle progression. Moreover, CITED2 inhibited cellular quiescence by enhancing MYC-mediated suppression of p21(CIP1). CITED2 interacted with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) and potentiated MYC-HDAC1 complex formation. TGF-β stimulation provoked downregulation of CITED2, which abrogated MYC-HDAC1-mediated p21(CIP1) suppression, causing cellular quiescence. Ectopic CITED2 expression enhanced tumor growth in nude mice; furthermore, CITED2 knockdown caused tumor shrinkage and increased overall host mouse survival rates. Expression of CITED2/MYC/E2F3/p21(CIP1) signaling molecules was associated with poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Thus, CITED2 functions as a molecular switch of TGF-α and TGF-β-induced growth control, and MYC-CITED2 signaling axis provides a new index for predicting clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-T Chou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, ROC
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Neal JW, Sequist LV. Complex role of histone deacetylase inhibitors in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30:2280-2. [PMID: 22508823 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.41.0860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joel W Neal
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford, CA, USA
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Elucidating the mechanism of regulation of transforming growth factor β Type II receptor expression in human lung cancer cell lines. Neoplasia 2012; 13:912-22. [PMID: 22028617 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung carcinogenesis in humans involves an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes that lead to alterations in normal lung epithelium, to in situ carcinoma, and finally to invasive and metastatic cancers. The loss of transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)-induced tumor suppressor function in tumors plays a pivotal role in this process, and our previous studies have shown that resistance to TGF-β in lung cancers occurs mostly through the loss of TGF-β type II receptor expression (TβRII). However, little is known about the mechanism of down-regulation of TβRII and how histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDIs) can restore TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function. Here we show that HDIs restore TβRII expression and that DNA hypermethylation has no effect on TβRII promoter activity in lung cancer cell lines. TGF-β-induced tumor suppressor function is restored by HDIs in lung cancer cell lines that lack TβRII expression. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway by either activated Ras or epidermal growth factor signaling is involved in the down-regulation of TβRII through histone deacetylation. We have immunoprecipitated the protein complexes by biotinylated oligonucleotides corresponding to the HDI-responsive element in the TβRII promoter (-127/-75) and identified the proteins/factors using proteomics studies. The transcriptional repressor Meis1/2 is involved in repressing the TβRII promoter activity, possibly through its recruitment by Sp1 and NF-YA to the promoter. These results suggest a mechanism for the downregulation of TβRII in lung cancer and that TGF-β tumor suppressor functions may be restored by HDIs in lung cancer patients with the loss of TβRII expression.
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Malkoski SP, Haeger SM, Cleaver TG, Rodriguez KJ, Li H, Lu SL, Feser WJ, Barón AE, Merrick D, Lighthall JG, Ijichi H, Franklin W, Wang XJ. Loss of transforming growth factor beta type II receptor increases aggressive tumor behavior and reduces survival in lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:2173-83. [PMID: 22399565 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-11-2557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are the most common non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) subtypes. This study was designed to determine whether reduced expression of TGFβ type II receptor (TGFβRII) promotes lung adenocarcinoma and SCC carcinogenesis. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We examined TGFβRII expression at the protein and mRNA levels in human NSCLC samples and assessed the relationship between TGFβRII expression and clinicopathologic parameters. To determine whether sporadic TGFβRII deletion in airway epithelial cells induces NSCLC formation, we targeted TGFβRII deletion alone and in combination with oncogenic Kras(G12D) to murine airways using a keratin 5 (K5) promoter and inducible Cre recombinase. RESULTS Reduced TGFβRII expression in human NSCLC is associated with male gender, smoking, SCC histology, reduced differentiation, increased tumor stage, increased nodal metastasis, and reduced survival. Homozygous or heterozygous TGFβRII deletion in mouse airway epithelia increases the size and number of Kras(G12D)-initiated adenocarcinoma and SCC. TGFβRII deletion increases proliferation, local inflammation, and TGFβ ligand elaboration; TGFβRII knockdown in airway epithelial cells increases migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Reduced TGFβRII expression in human NSCLC is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior and inflammation that is, at least partially, mediated by increased TGFβ1 expression. TGFβRII deletion in mouse airway epithelial cells promotes adenocarcinoma and SCC formation, indicating that TGFβRII loss plays a causal role in lung carcinogenesis. That TGFβRII shows haploid insufficiency suggests that a 50% TGFβRII protein reduction would negatively impact lung cancer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen P Malkoski
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pathology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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Zhao P, Fu J, Yao B, Song Y, Mi L, Li Z, Shang L, Hao W, Zhou Z. In vitro malignant transformation of human bronchial epithelial cells induced by benzo(a)pyrene. Toxicol In Vitro 2012; 26:362-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sterlacci W, Fiegl M, Tzankov A. Prognostic and Predictive Value of Cell Cycle Deregulation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Pathobiology 2012; 79:175-94. [DOI: 10.1159/000336462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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Chung SW, Cooper CR, Farach-Carson MC, Ogunnaike BA. A control engineering approach to understanding the TGF-β paradox in cancer. J R Soc Interface 2011; 9:1389-97. [PMID: 22188767 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2011.0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TGF-β, a key cytokine that regulates diverse cellular processes, including proliferation and apoptosis, appears to function paradoxically as a tumour suppressor in normal cells, and as a tumour promoter in cancer cells, but the mechanisms underlying such contradictory roles remain unknown. In particular, given that this cytokine is primarily a tumour suppressor, the conundrum of the unusually high level of TGF-β observed in the primary cancer tissue and blood samples of cancer patients with the worst prognosis, remains unresolved. To provide a quantitative explanation of these paradoxical observations, we present, from a control theory perspective, a mechanistic model of TGF-β-driven regulation of cell homeostasis. Analysis of the overall system model yields quantitative insight into how cell population is regulated, enabling us to propose a plausible explanation for the paradox: with the tumour suppressor role of TGF-β unchanged from normal to cancer cells, we demonstrate that the observed increased level of TGF-β is an effect of cancer cell phenotypic progression (specifically, acquired TGF-β resistance), not the cause. We are thus able to explain precisely why the clinically observed correlation between elevated TGF-β levels and poor prognosis is in fact consistent with TGF-β's original (and unchanged) role as a tumour suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Wook Chung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
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Sun H, Clancy HA, Kluz T, Zavadil J, Costa M. Comparison of gene expression profiles in chromate transformed BEAS-2B cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17982. [PMID: 21437242 PMCID: PMC3060877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hexavalent chromium [Cr(VI)] is a potent human carcinogen. Occupational exposure has been associated with increased risk of respiratory cancer. Multiple mechanisms have been shown to contribute to Cr(VI) induced carcinogenesis, including DNA damage, genomic instability, and epigenetic modulation, however, the molecular mechanism and downstream genes mediating chromium's carcinogenicity remain to be elucidated. METHODS/RESULTS We established chromate transformed cell lines by chronic exposure of normal human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells to low doses of Cr(VI) followed by anchorage-independent growth. These transformed cell lines not only exhibited consistent morphological changes but also acquired altered and distinct gene expression patterns compared with normal BEAS-2B cells and control cell lines (untreated) that arose spontaneously in soft agar. Interestingly, the gene expression profiles of six Cr(VI) transformed cell lines were remarkably similar to each other yet differed significantly from that of either control cell lines or normal BEAS-2B cells. A total of 409 differentially expressed genes were identified in Cr(VI) transformed cells compared to control cells. Genes related to cell-to-cell junction were upregulated in all Cr(VI) transformed cells, while genes associated with the interaction between cells and their extracellular matrices were down-regulated. Additionally, expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and apoptosis were also changed. CONCLUSION This study is the first to report gene expression profiling of Cr(VI) transformed cells. The gene expression changes across individual chromate exposed clones were remarkably similar to each other but differed significantly from the gene expression found in anchorage-independent clones that arose spontaneously. Our analysis identified many novel gene expression changes that may contribute to chromate induced cell transformation, and collectively this type of information will provide a better understanding of the mechanism underlying chromate carcinogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Sun
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of
America
| | - Harriet A. Clancy
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of
America
| | - Thomas Kluz
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of
America
| | - Jiri Zavadil
- Department of Pathology, NYU Cancer Institute
and Center for Health Informatics and Bioinformatics, NYU Langone Medical
Center, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Max Costa
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine,
New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, United States of
America
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Jiang Y, Wu Y, Greenlee AR, Wu J, Han Z, Li X, Zhao Y. miR-106a-mediated malignant transformation of cells induced by anti-benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide. Toxicol Sci 2010; 119:50-60. [PMID: 20889678 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfq306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are an abundant class of small noncoding RNAs that function primarily as oncogenes and tumor suppressors by mediating translational repression or mRNA degradation via binding target genes. In this study, malignant human bronchial epithelial cells transformed by anti-benzo[a]pyrene-trans-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide were used to help characterize the possible mechanisms of miRNA function in chemical carcinogenesis. The expression level of miR-106a was measured by the real-time, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. We used the miR-106a inhibitor and the miR-106a mimic to downregulate or upregulate miR-106a activity in malignantly transformed cells to determine the effects of miR-106a on the biological properties of the cell. We observed overrepresentation of miR-106a in transformed cells compared with control cells. Silencing miR-106a by transfection with the miR-106a inhibitor suppressed cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and inhibited anchorage-independent growth and tumor growth in nude mice. Increasing miR-106a in malignantly transformed cells by transfection with the miR-106a mimic gave the opposite results. Moreover, untransformed cells showed a reduction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis rate followed by transfection with the miR-106a mimic. Bioinformatic analysis showed that tumor suppressor RB1 is one of predictive targets of miR-106a. We confirmed this target by Western blot and dual luciferase assay. Our findings suggest that miR-106a might function as an oncogene in transformation induced by a chemical carcinogen. Thus, knock down of miR-106a in malignant cells is a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguo Jiang
- Institute for Chemical Carcinogenesis, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510182, People's Republic of China.
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Jiang X, Liu R, Lei Z, You J, Zhou Q, Zhang H. [Defective expression of TGFBR3 gene and its molecular mechanisms in non-small cell lung cancer cell lines]. ZHONGGUO FEI AI ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF LUNG CANCER 2010; 13:451-7. [PMID: 20677641 PMCID: PMC6000709 DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2010.05.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
背景与目的 国外有研究表明,非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC)中转化生长因子受体Ⅲ(TGFBR3)存在缺陷表达,但是分子机制尚未明确。本研究以正常支气管上皮细胞(human bronchial epithelial cell, HBEpiC)为对照,分析NSCLC细胞株中TGFBR3基因的表达情况,并探讨TGFBR3基因表达失活的分子机制。 方法 采用Western blot检测HBEpiC和NSCLC细胞株中TGFBR3的表达情况并做相对定量分析;采用DNA直接测序检测TGFBR3基因启动子基本转录元件区的突变情况;应用亚硫酸氢钠处理后测序法(bisulfite sequence-PCR, BSP)检测TGFBR3基因启动子区甲基化状态。 结果 NSCLC细胞株中TGFBR3表达水平明显低于HBEpiC;高转移细胞株95D明显低于非转移细胞株LTEP-α-2、A549、NCI-H460;HBEpiC与NSCLC细胞株中TGFBR3基因近端启动子区-165到-75区域无遗传突变,且未见甲基化,远端启动子区-314到-199区域均为高甲基化。 结论 TGFBR3基因在NSCLC细胞株中表达下调,在高转移细胞株95D中尤其明显,提示该基因的表达缺陷对NSCLC发生发展起重要作用,可能与NSCLC的侵袭和转移相关;然而,TGFBR3基因启动子区重要转录元件区域的甲基化状态并不是导致TGFBR3基因表达下调的主要原因。
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefang Jiang
- Soochow University Laboratory of Cancer Molecular Genetics, Suzhou 215123, China
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Gatza CE, Oh SY, Blobe GC. Roles for the type III TGF-beta receptor in human cancer. Cell Signal 2010; 22:1163-74. [PMID: 20153821 PMCID: PMC2875339 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2010.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Accepted: 01/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) superfamily ligands have important roles in regulating cellular homeostasis, embryonic development, differentiation, proliferation, immune surveillance, angiogenesis, motility, and apoptosis in a cell type and context specific manner. TGF-beta superfamily signaling pathways also have diverse roles in human cancer, functioning to either suppress or promote cancer progression. The TGF-beta superfamily co-receptor, the type III TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRIII, also known as betaglycan) mediates TGF-beta superfamily ligand dependent as well as ligand independent signaling to both Smad and non-Smad signaling pathways. Loss of TbetaRIII expression during cancer progression and direct effects of TbetaRIII on regulating cell migration, invasion, proliferation, and angiogenesis support a role for TbetaRIII as a suppressor of cancer progression and/or as a metastasis suppressor. Defining the physiological function and mechanism of TbetaRIII action and alterations in TbetaRIII function during cancer progression should enable more effective targeting of TbetaRIII and TbetaRIII mediated functions for the diagnosis and treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun Young Oh
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gerard C. Blobe
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Tandon A, Tovey JCK, Sharma A, Gupta R, Mohan RR. Role of transforming growth factor Beta in corneal function, biology and pathology. Curr Mol Med 2010; 10:565-78. [PMID: 20642439 PMCID: PMC3048459 DOI: 10.2174/1566524011009060565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta) is a pleiotropic multifunctional cytokine that regulates several essential cellular processes in many parts of the body including the cornea. Three isoforms of TGFbeta are known in mammals and the human cornea expresses all of them. TGFbeta1 has been shown to play a central role in scar formation in adult corneas whereas TGFbeta2 and TGFbeta3 have been implicated to play a critical role in corneal development and scarless wound healing during embryogenesis. The biological effects of TGFbeta in the cornea have been shown to follow Smad dependent as well as Smad-independent signaling pathways depending upon cellular responses and microenvironment. Corneal TGFbeta expression is necessary for maintaining corneal integrity and corneal wound healing. On the other hand, TGFbeta is perhaps the most important cytokine in the pathogenesis of fibrotic disease in the cornea. Although the transformation of keratocytes to myofibroblasts induced by TGFbeta is largely believed to cause corneal fibrosis or scarring, the precise molecular mechanism(s) involved in this process is still unknown. Currently no drugs are available to treat corneal scarring effectively without causing significant side effects. Many approaches to treat TGFbeta-mediated corneal scarring are under investigation. These include blocking of TGFbeta, TGFbeta receptor, TGFbeta function and/or TGFbeta maturation. Other strategies such as modulating keratocyte proliferation, apoptosis, transcription and DNA condensation are also being investigated. The potential of gene therapy to neutralize the pathologic effects of TGFbeta has also been demonstrated recently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Tandon
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Jonathan C. K. Tovey
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rangan Gupta
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
| | - Rajiv R. Mohan
- Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans’ Hospital, Columbia, MO 65201, USA
- Mason Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA
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Baratelli F, Lee JM, Hazra S, Lin Y, Walser TC, Schaue D, Pak PS, Elashoff D, Reckamp K, Zhang L, Fishbein MC, Sharma S, Dubinett SM. PGE(2) contributes to TGF-beta induced T regulatory cell function in human non-small cell lung cancer. Am J Transl Res 2010; 2:356-67. [PMID: 20733946 PMCID: PMC2923860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Accepted: 06/28/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
CD4(+)CD25(bright) regulatory T cells (T(reg)) play an important role in cancer-mediated immunosuppression. We and others have previously shown that prostaglandin E2 (PGE(2)) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) induce CD4(+)CD25(bright)FOXP3(+)T(reg). Based on these studies, we investigated the requirement for PGE(2) in Treg induction by TGF-beta. TGF-beta stimulation of human CD4(+) T cells induced COX-2-dependent production of PGE(2). PGE(2)-neutralizing antibody treatment significantly reduced the suppressive function of TGF-beta-induced T(reg) (TGF-beta-T(reg)) in vitro. TGF-beta concentration measured in the plasma of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients directly correlated with the frequency of circulating CD4(+)CD25(bright)FOXP3(+)T cells. Flow cytometry analysis showed increased FOXP3 expression in circulating CD4(+)CD25(+)HLA-DR- cells of lung cancer patients compared to control subjects. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed co-expression of TGF-beta, COX-2, and FOXP3 in serial sections from resected lung tumor tissues. All together these observations suggest interplay between TGF-beta and COX-2 in the induction of T(reg) activities. Interrupting TGF-beta and PGE(2) signaling may be important in therapeutic interventions that aim to limit T(reg)function in lung cancer.
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Abstract
The histologic distinction between bronchioloalveolar carcinoma and other adenocarcinomas is tissue invasion. The clinical importance of lung adenocarcinoma invasion is supported by several recent studies indicating that the risk of death in nonmucinous bronchioloalveolar carcinoma is significantly lower than that of pure invasive tumors and in tumors with greater than 0.5 cm of fibrosis or linear invasion. Using microarray gene expression profiling of human tumors, dysregulation of transforming growth factor-beta signaling was identified as an important mediator of tumor invasion. Subsequent studies showed that the CC chemokine regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed, and presumably secreted was up-regulated in invasive tumors and was required for invasion in cells with repressed levels of the transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor. Taken together, these studies illustrate how information gained from global expression profiling of tumors can be used to identify key pathways and genes mediating tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis.
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Anumanthan G, Tanaka ST, Adams CM, Thomas JC, Wills ML, Adams MC, Hayward SW, Matusik RJ, Bhowmick NA, Brock JW, Pope JC. Bladder stromal loss of transforming growth factor receptor II decreases fibrosis after bladder obstruction. J Urol 2009; 182:1775-80. [PMID: 19692014 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent stimulator of extracellular matrix production. Several studies show that loss of transforming growth factor-beta signaling decreases kidney, liver and lung fibrosis. However, the role of transforming growth factor-beta signaling in bladder fibrosis is not entirely understood. We investigated the effect of stromal loss of such signaling in mice after partial bladder outlet obstruction. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed partial bladder outlet obstruction by urethral ligation in 5-week-old female Tgfbr2(colTKO) mice. These mice were compared to WT mice with partial bladder outlet obstruction and to WT nonobstructed controls. After 4 weeks and before sacrifice urodynamics were performed. Bladder tissue was harvested, and p-Smad2 and collagen (Masson's trichrome) staining were performed. RESULTS Bladder compliance was increased in partially obstructed Tgfbr2(colTKO) mice and decreased in partially obstructed WT mice. The latter had increased smooth muscle hypertrophy and increased collagen deposition between smooth muscle bundles compared to those in Tgfbr2(colTKO) mice and nonobstructed controls. Transforming growth factor-beta responsive collagen promoter activity was significantly decreased in Tgfbr2 knockout bladder stromal cells vs WT stromal cells. CONCLUSIONS Stromal loss of transforming growth factor-beta signaling decreased collagen deposition after partial bladder outlet obstruction. In contrast to collagen production by recruited macrophages, stromal transforming growth factor-beta signaling appears to be the primary source of fibrosis after partial bladder outlet obstruction. These findings further support the hypothesis that manipulating transforming growth factor-beta signaling in bladder stromal cells would provide a future avenue for neuropathic bladder and bladder fibrosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govindaraj Anumanthan
- Department of Urologic Surgery, Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt Children's Hospital, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-2765, USA
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Wang Z, Birch CM, Sagotsky J, Deisboeck TS. Cross-scale, cross-pathway evaluation using an agent-based non-small cell lung cancer model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 25:2389-96. [PMID: 19578172 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btp416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
We present a multiscale agent-based non-small cell lung cancer model that consists of a 3D environment with which cancer cells interact while processing phenotypic changes. At the molecular level, transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) has been integrated into our previously developed in silico model as a second extrinsic input in addition to epidermal growth factor (EGF). The main aim of this study is to investigate how the effects of individual and combinatorial change in EGF and TGFbeta concentrations at the molecular level alter tumor growth dynamics on the multi-cellular level, specifically tumor volume and expansion rate. Our simulation results show that separate EGF and TGFbeta fluctuations trigger competing multi-cellular phenotypes, yet synchronous EGF and TGFbeta signaling yields a spatially more aggressive tumor that overall exhibits an EGF-driven phenotype. By altering EGF and TGFbeta concentration levels simultaneously and asynchronously, we discovered a particular region of EGF-TGFbeta profiles that ensures phenotypic stability of the tumor system. Within this region, concentration changes in EGF and TGFbeta do not impact the resulting multi-cellular response substantially, while outside these concentration ranges, a change at the molecular level will substantially alter either tumor volume or tumor expansion rate, or both. By evaluating tumor growth dynamics across different scales, we show that, under certain conditions, therapeutic targeting of only one signaling pathway may be insufficient. Potential implications of these in silico results for future clinico-pharmacological applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Wang
- Harvard-MIT (HST) Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
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Chowdhury S, Ammanamanchi S, Howell GM. Epigenetic Targeting of Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor II and Implications for Cancer Therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:57-70. [PMID: 20414468 DOI: 10.4255/mcpharmacol.09.07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The transforming growth factor (TGF) β signaling pathway is involved in many cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, adhesion, motility and apoptosis. The loss of TGFβ signaling occurs early in carcinogenesis and its loss contributes to tumor progression. The loss of TGFβ responsiveness frequently occurs at the level of the TGFβ type II receptor (TGFβRII) which has been identified as a tumor suppressor gene (TSG). In keeping with its TSG role, the loss of TGFβRII expression is frequently associated with high tumor grade and poor patient prognosis. Reintroduction of TGFβRII into tumor cell lines results in growth suppression. Mutational loss of TGFβRII has been characterized, particularly in a subset of colon cancers with DNA repair enzyme defects. However, the most frequent cause of TGFβRII silencing is through epigenetic mechanisms. Therefore, re-expression of TGFβRII by use of epigenetic therapies represents a potential therapeutic approach to utilizing the growth suppressive effects of the TGFβ signaling pathway. However, the restoration of TGFβ signaling in cancer treatment is challenging because in late stage disease, TGFβ is a pro-metastatic factor. This effect is associated with increased expression of the TGFβ ligand. In this Review, we discuss the mechanisms associated with TGFβRII silencing in cancer and the potential usefulness of histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in reversing this effect. The use of HDAC inhibitors may provide a unique opportunity to restore TGFβRII expression in tumors as their pleiotropic effects antagonize many of the cellular processes, which mediate the pro-metastatic effects associated with increased TGFβ expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Chowdhury
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 987696 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Liang Y. An expression meta-analysis of predicted microRNA targets identifies a diagnostic signature for lung cancer. BMC Med Genomics 2008; 1:61. [PMID: 19087325 PMCID: PMC2633354 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-1-61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients diagnosed with lung adenocarcinoma (AD) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), two major histologic subtypes of lung cancer, currently receive similar standard treatments, but resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy is prevalent. Identification of differentially expressed genes marking AD and SCC may prove to be of diagnostic value and help unravel molecular basis of their histogenesis and biologies, and deliver more effective and specific systemic therapy. Methods MiRNA target genes were predicted by union of miRanda, TargetScan, and PicTar, followed by screening for matched gene symbols in NCBI human sequences and Gene Ontology (GO) terms using the PANTHER database that was also used for analyzing the significance of biological processes and pathways within each ontology term. Microarray data were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus repository, and tumor subtype prediction by gene expression used Prediction Analysis of Microarrays. Results Computationally predicted target genes of three microRNAs, miR-34b/34c/449, that were detected in human lung, testis, and fallopian tubes but not in other normal tissues, were filtered by representation of GO terms and their ability to classify lung cancer subtypes, followed by a meta-analysis of microarray data to classify AD and SCC. Expression of a minimal set of 17 predicted miR-34b/34c/449 target genes derived from the developmental process GO category was identified from a training set to classify 41 AD and 17 SCC, and correctly predicted in average 87% of 354 AD and 82% of 282 SCC specimens from total 9 independent published datasets. The accuracy of prediction still remains comparable when classifying 103 AD and 79 SCC samples from another 4 published datasets that have only 14 to 16 of the 17 genes available for prediction (84% and 85% for AD and SCC, respectively). Expression of this signature in two published datasets of epithelial cells obtained at bronchoscopy from cigarette smokers, if combined with cytopathology of the cells, yielded 89–90% sensitivity of lung cancer detection and 87–90% negative predictive value to non-cancer patients. Conclusion This study focuses on predicted targets of three lung-enriched miRNAs, compares their expression patterns in lung cancer by their GO terms, and identifies a minimal set of genes differentially expressed in AD and SCC, followed by validating this gene signature in multiple published datasets. Expression of this gene signature in bronchial epithelial cells of cigarette smokers also has a great sensitivity to predict the patients having lung cancer if combined with cytopathology of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liang
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology-Assay R&D, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City, CA 94404, USA.
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Rübe CE, Palm J, Erren M, Fleckenstein J, König J, Remberger K, Rübe C. Cytokine plasma levels: reliable predictors for radiation pneumonitis? PLoS One 2008; 3:e2898. [PMID: 18682839 PMCID: PMC2483418 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0002898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 07/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment modality for inoperable, locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), but even with highly conformal treatment planning, radiation pneumonitis (RP) remains the most serious, dose-limiting complication. Previous clinical reports proposed that cytokine plasma levels measured during RT allow to estimate the individual risk of patients to develop RP. The identification of such cytokine risk profiles would facilitate tailoring radiotherapy to maximize treatment efficacy and to minimize radiation toxicity. However, cytokines are produced not only in normal lung tissue after irradiation, but are also over-expressed in tumour cells of NSCLC specimens. This tumour-derived cytokine production may influence circulating plasma levels in NSCLC patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prognostic value of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels to predict radiation pneumonitis and to evaluate the impact of tumour-derived cytokine production on circulating plasma levels in patients irradiated for NSCLC. Methodology/Principal Findings In 52 NSCLC patients (stage I–III) cytokine plasma levels were investigated by ELISA before and weekly during RT, during follow-up (1/3/6/9 months after RT), and at the onset of RP. Tumour biopsies were immunohistochemically stained for IL-6 and TGF-β1, and immunoreactivity was quantified (grade 1–4). RP was evaluated according to LENT-SOMA scale. Tumour response was assessed according to RECIST criteria by chest-CT during follow-up. In our clinical study 21 out of 52 patients developed RP (grade I/II/III/IV: 11/3/6/1 patients). Unexpectedly, cytokine plasma levels measured before and during RT did not correlate with RP incidence. In most patients IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels were already elevated before RT and correlated significantly with the IL-6 and TGF-β1 production in corresponding tumour biopsies. Moreover, IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels measured during follow-up were significantly associated with the individual tumour responses of these patients. Conclusions/Significance The results of this study did not confirm that cytokine plasma levels, neither their absolute nor any relative values, may identify patients at risk for RP. In contrast, the clear correlations of IL-6 and TGF-β1 plasma levels with the cytokine production in corresponding tumour biopsies and with the individual tumour responses suggest that the tumour is the major source of circulating cytokines in patients receiving RT for advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia E Rübe
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
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Wei YS, Xu QQ, Wang CF, Pan Y, Liang F, Long XK. Genetic variation in transforming growth factor-beta1 gene associated with increased risk of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 70:464-9. [PMID: 17990985 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00935.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The genetic alterations leading to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) are gradually being discovered. A wide variety of genes have been associated with ESCC development as well as tumor progression. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) is a multifunctional cytokine; it promotes tumor growth and metastasis in later stages of of cancer development. Variations in the DNA sequence in the TGF-beta1 gene may lead to altered TGF-beta1 production and/or activity, and so this can modulate an individual's susceptibility to ESCC. To test this hypothesis, we investigated the association of the TGF-beta1 gene -509 C/T and 869 T/C (Leu10Pro) polymorphisms and their haplotypes with the risk of ESCC. 247 patients with ESCC and 260 age- and sex-matched controls were studied using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. There were significant differences in the genotype and allele distribution of 869 T/C polymorphism of the TGF-beta1 gene among cases and controls. The 869 TC and CC genotypes were associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the 869 TT genotypes [odds ratio (OR) = 1.882, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.212-2.923, P = 0.005 and OR = 2.099, 95% CI 1.288-3.421, P = 0.003, respectively]. Consistent with the results of the genotyping analyses, the -509 T/869 C haplotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of ESCC as compared with the -509 C/869 T haplotype (OR = 1.463; 95% CI 1.120-1.912; P = 0.005). This study shows for the first time that TGF-beta1 gene 869 T/C polymorphism may contribute to a genetic risk factor for ESCC in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-S Wei
- Center of Clinical Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical College for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, China.
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Finger EC, Turley RS, Dong M, How T, Fields TA, Blobe GC. TbetaRIII suppresses non-small cell lung cancer invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Carcinogenesis 2008; 29:528-35. [PMID: 18174241 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgm289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily has essential roles in lung development, regulating cell proliferation, branching morphogenesis, differentiation and apoptosis. Although most lung cancers become resistant to the tumor suppressor effects of TGF-beta, and loss or mutation of one of the components of the TGF-beta signaling pathway, including TbetaRII, Smad2 and Smad4 have been reported, mutations are not common in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here we demonstrate that the TGF-beta superfamily co-receptor, the type III TGF-beta receptor (TbetaRIII or betaglycan) is lost in the majority of NSCLC specimens at the mRNA and protein levels, with loss correlating with increased tumor grade and disease progression. Loss of heterozygosity at the TGFBR3 genomic locus occurs in 38.5% of NSCLC specimens and correlates with decreased TbetaRIII expression, suggesting loss of heterozygosity as one mechanism for TbetaRIII loss. In the H460 cell model of NSCLC, restoring TbetaRIII expression decreased colony formation in soft agar. In the A549 cell model of NSCLC, restoring TbetaRIII expression significantly decreased cellular migration and invasion through Matrigel, in the presence and absence of TGF-beta1, and decreased tumorigenicity in vivo. In a reciprocal manner, shRNA-mediated silencing of endogenous TbetaRIII expression enhanced invasion through Matrigel. Mechanistically, TbetaRIII functions, at least in part, through undergoing ectodomain shedding, generating soluble TbetaRIII, which is able to inhibit cellular invasiveness. Taken together, these results support TbetaRIII as a novel tumor suppressor gene that is commonly lost in NSCLC resulting in a functional increase in cellular migration, invasion and anchorage-independent growth of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C Finger
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, 221B MSRB Research Drive, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Baek HJ, Kim SS, da Silva FM, Volpe EA, Evans S, Mishra B, Mishra L, Marshall MB. Inactivation of TGF-β signaling in lung cancer results in increased CDK4 activity that can be rescued by ELF. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 346:1150-7. [PMID: 16782056 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.05.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Escape from TGF-beta inhibition of proliferation is a hallmark of multiple cancers including lung cancer. We explored the role of ELF, crucial TGF-beta adaptor protein identified from endodermal progenitor cells, in lung carcinogenesis and cell-cycle regulation. Interestingly, elf-/- mice develop multiple defects that include lung, liver, and cardiac abnormalities. Four out of 6 lung cancer and mesothelioma cell lines displayed deficiency of ELF expression with increased CDK4 expression. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis of primary human lung cancers also showed decreased ELF expression and overexpression of CDK4. Moreover, rescue of ELF in ELF-deficient cell lines decreased the expression of CDK4 and resulted in accumulation of G1/S checkpoint arrested cells. These results suggest that disruption in TGF-beta signaling mediated by loss of ELF in lung cancer leads to cell-cycle deregulation by modulating CDK4 and ELF highlights a key role of TGF-beta adaptor protein in suppressing early lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Baek
- Department of Surgery, Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Digestive Diseases, and Developmental Molecular Biology, Lombardi Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
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Volinia S, Calin GA, Liu CG, Ambs S, Cimmino A, Petrocca F, Visone R, Iorio M, Roldo C, Ferracin M, Prueitt RL, Yanaihara N, Lanza G, Scarpa A, Vecchione A, Negrini M, Harris CC, Croce CM. A microRNA expression signature of human solid tumors defines cancer gene targets. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:2257-61. [PMID: 16461460 PMCID: PMC1413718 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0510565103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4452] [Impact Index Per Article: 247.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding microRNAs (miRNAs) can contribute to cancer development and progression and are differentially expressed in normal tissues and cancers. From a large-scale miRnome analysis on 540 samples including lung, breast, stomach, prostate, colon, and pancreatic tumors, we identified a solid cancer miRNA signature composed by a large portion of overexpressed miRNAs. Among these miRNAs are some with well characterized cancer association, such as miR-17-5p, miR-20a, miR-21, miR-92, miR-106a, and miR-155. The predicted targets for the differentially expressed miRNAs are significantly enriched for protein-coding tumor suppressors and oncogenes (P < 0.0001). A number of the predicted targets, including the tumor suppressors RB1 (Retinoblastoma 1) and TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor, beta receptor II) genes were confirmed experimentally. Our results indicate that miRNAs are extensively involved in cancer pathogenesis of solid tumors and support their function as either dominant or recessive cancer genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Volinia
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- Telethon Facility–Data Mining for Analysis of DNA Microarrays, Department of Morphology and Embryology, and
| | - George A. Calin
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Chang-Gong Liu
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Stefan Ambs
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Amelia Cimmino
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Fabio Petrocca
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Rosa Visone
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Marilena Iorio
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Claudia Roldo
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Manuela Ferracin
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Robyn L. Prueitt
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Nozumu Yanaihara
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Pathology, University of Verona, 37100 Verona, Italy; and
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- **Department of Histopathology, Sant’Andrea Hospital, and University of Rome “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Negrini
- Department of Experimental and Diagnostic Medicine and Interdepartmental Center for Cancer Research, University of Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Carlo M. Croce
- *Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics and Cancer Comprehensive Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wang JC, Su CC, Xu JB, Chen LZ, Hu XH, Wang GY, Bao Y, Huang Q, Fu SB, Li P, Lu CQ, Zhang RM, Luo ZW. Novel microdeletion in the transforming growth factor β type II receptor gene is associated with giant and large cell variants of nonsmall cell lung carcinoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2006; 46:192-201. [PMID: 17117417 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.20400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the tumor suppressor gene transforming growth factor beta (TGFB) Type II receptor (TGFBR2) are frequently found in many cancers with microsatellite instability, but are less common in lung cancer. In the present study, we looked for mutations in TGFBR2 in nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells and tissues. A novel homozygous microdeletion (c.492_507del) was identified in two cell lines derived from the same giant cell carcinoma (GCC) and was confirmed in the corresponding tumor tissues. Furthermore, a heterozygous c.492_507del was found in the germ-line of one patient, as well as in the other GCC cases and some large cell carcinomas (LCC) but not in other subtypes of NSCLC. The 16 bp-microdeletion introduced a premature stop codon at positions 590-592 of the cDNA, resulting in a truncated TGFBR2 protein with a mutated transmembrane domain and loss of kinase domain. The GCC cells were characterized as being unresponsive to TGFB induction both in growth inhibition and stimulation of extracellular matrix protein. Moreover, after the reconstitution of wild-type TGFBR2 expression, the sensitivity to TGFB was restored. Therefore, mutated TGFBR2 seems to play an important role in the abrogation of TGFB signal transduction in GCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Cun Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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