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He R, Huang S, Lu J, Su L, Gao X, Chi H. Unveiling the immune symphony: decoding colorectal cancer metastasis through immune interactions. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362709. [PMID: 38415252 PMCID: PMC10897008 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), known for its high metastatic potential, remains a leading cause of cancer-related death. This review emphasizes the critical role of immune responses in CRC metastasis, focusing on the interaction between immune cells and tumor microenvironment. We explore how immune cells, through cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors, contribute to the CRC metastasis cascade, underlining the tumor microenvironment's role in shaping immune responses. The review addresses CRC's immune evasion tactics, especially the upregulation of checkpoint inhibitors like PD-1 and CTLA-4, highlighting their potential as therapeutic targets. We also examine advanced immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors and immune cell transplantation, to modify immune responses and enhance treatment outcomes in CRC metastasis. Overall, our analysis offers insights into the interplay between immune molecules and the tumor environment, crucial for developing new treatments to control CRC metastasis and improve patient prognosis, with a specific focus on overcoming immune evasion, a key aspect of this special issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru He
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shangke Huang
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jiaan Lu
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Lanqian Su
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xinrui Gao
- Department of Oncology, Yongchuan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Chi
- Clinical Medical College, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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2
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Gutmann M, Stimpfl E, Langmann G, Koudelka H, Mir-Karner B, Grasl-Kraupp B. Differentiated and non-differentiated HepaRG™ cells: A possible in-vitro model system for early hepatocarcinogenesis and non-genotoxic carcinogens. Toxicol Lett 2023; 390:15-24. [PMID: 37890683 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Many xenobiotics are non-genotoxic carcinogens (NGC) in rodent liver. Their mode of action (MoA) and health risks for humans are unclear and no in-vitro tests are available to predict NGC. Human HepaRG™ cells in the differentiated (d-HepaRG) and non-differentiated state (nd-HepaRG) were studied as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC. Cell-biological assays were performed with d-/nd-HepaRG and human hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines to characterize the benign/malignant phenotype. Reaction of d-/nd-HepaRG to several liver growth factors and NGC (phenobarbital, PB; cyproterone acetate, CPA; WY-14643) was compared to unaltered and premalignant rat hepatocytes in ex-vivo culture. Enzyme induction by NGC was checked by RT-qPCR/oligo-arrays. Growth, anchorage-independency, migration, clonogenicity, and in-vivo tumorigenicity of nd-HepaRG ranged between benign d-HepaRG and malignant hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells. All growth factors elevated DNA replication of d-/nd-HepaRG cells, similarly to unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes. NGC induced their prototypical enzymes in the rat and human cells, but elicited a growth response only in the unaltered/premalignant rat hepatocytes and not in human d-/nd-HepaRG cells. To conclude, a benign/premalignant phenotype of d-/nd-HepaRG cells and a reactivity towards several hepatic growth factors and NGC, as known from human hepatocytes, are essential components for an in-vitro model for early stage human hepatocarcinogenesis.The potential value as new approach methodology (NAM) for NGC is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Gutmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Emily Stimpfl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Langmann
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Helga Koudelka
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Mir-Karner
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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3
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Ishan M, Wang Z, Zhao P, Yao Y, Stice SL, Wells L, Mishina Y, Liu HX. Taste papilla cell differentiation requires the regulation of secretory protein production by ALK3-BMP signaling in the tongue mesenchyme. Development 2023; 150:dev201838. [PMID: 37680190 PMCID: PMC10560570 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Taste papillae are specialized organs, each of which comprises an epithelial wall hosting taste buds and a core of mesenchymal tissue. In the present study, we report that during early taste papilla development in mouse embryos, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediated by type 1 receptor ALK3 in the tongue mesenchyme is required for epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity and taste papilla differentiation. Mesenchyme-specific knockout (cKO) of Alk3 using Wnt1-Cre and Sox10-Cre resulted in an absence of taste papillae at E12.0. Biochemical and cell differentiation analyses demonstrated that mesenchymal ALK3-BMP signaling governed the production of previously unappreciated secretory proteins, i.e. it suppressed those that inhibit and facilitated those that promote taste papilla differentiation. Bulk RNA-sequencing analysis revealed many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the tongue epithelium than in the mesenchyme in Alk3 cKO versus control. Moreover, we detected downregulated epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling and found that taste papilla development in the Alk3 cKO was rescued by the GSK3β inhibitor LiCl, but not by Wnt3a. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the requirement of tongue mesenchyme in taste papilla cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Ishan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Zhonghou Wang
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yao Yao
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Steven L. Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lance Wells
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Hong-Xiang Liu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, Department of Animal and Dairy Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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4
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Ries A, Slany A, Pirker C, Mader JC, Mejri D, Mohr T, Schelch K, Flehberger D, Maach N, Hashim M, Hoda MA, Dome B, Krupitza G, Berger W, Gerner C, Holzmann K, Grusch M. Primary and hTERT-Transduced Mesothelioma-Associated Fibroblasts but Not Primary or hTERT-Transduced Mesothelial Cells Stimulate Growth of Human Mesothelioma Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2006. [PMID: 37566084 PMCID: PMC10417280 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleural mesothelioma (PM) is an aggressive malignancy that develops in a unique tumor microenvironment (TME). However, cell models for studying the TME in PM are still limited. Here, we have generated and characterized novel human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT)-transduced mesothelial cell and mesothelioma-associated fibroblast (Meso-CAF) models and investigated their impact on PM cell growth. Pleural mesothelial cells and Meso-CAFs were isolated from tissue of pneumothorax and PM patients, respectively. Stable expression of hTERT was induced by retroviral transduction. Primary and hTERT-transduced cells were compared with respect to doubling times, hTERT expression and activity levels, telomere lengths, proteomes, and the impact of conditioned media (CM) on PM cell growth. All transduced derivatives exhibited elevated hTERT expression and activity, and increased mean telomere lengths. Cell morphology remained unchanged, and the proteomes were similar to the corresponding primary cells. Of note, the CM of primary and hTERT-transduced Meso-CAFs stimulated PM cell growth to the same extent, while CM derived from mesothelial cells had no stimulating effect, irrespective of hTERT expression. In conclusion, all new hTERT-transduced cell models closely resemble their primary counterparts and, hence, represent valuable tools to investigate cellular interactions within the TME of PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ries
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Astrid Slany
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (J.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Christine Pirker
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Johanna C. Mader
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (J.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Doris Mejri
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (J.C.M.); (C.G.)
- Joint Metabolome Facility, University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- ScienceConsult—DI Thomas Mohr KG, Enzianweg 10a, 2353 Guntramsdorf, Austria
| | - Karin Schelch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Daniela Flehberger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Nadine Maach
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Muhammad Hashim
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Mir Alireza Hoda
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.H.); (B.D.)
| | - Balazs Dome
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.H.); (B.D.)
- National Korányi Institute of Pulmonology, Korányi Frigyes u. 1, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, Semmelweis University, Rath Gyorgy u. 7-9, 1122 Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Translational Medicine, Lund University, Sölvegatan 19, 22184 Lund, Sweden
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Walter Berger
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (J.C.M.); (C.G.)
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
| | - Michael Grusch
- Center for Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (A.R.); (C.P.); (D.M.); (T.M.); (K.S.); (D.F.); (N.M.); (M.H.); (W.B.); (K.H.)
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Ishan M, Wang Z, Zhao P, Yao Y, Stice S, Wells L, Mishina Y, Liu HX. Taste papilla cell differentiation requires tongue mesenchyme via ALK3-BMP signaling to regulate the production of secretory proteins. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.03.535414. [PMID: 37066397 PMCID: PMC10103976 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.03.535414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Taste papillae are specialized organs each of which is comprised of an epithelial wall hosting taste buds and a core of mesenchymal tissue. In the present study, we report that during the early stages of embryonic development, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling mediated by type 1 receptor ALK3 in the tongue mesenchyme is required for the epithelial Wnt/β-catenin activity and taste papilla cell differentiation. Mesenchyme-specific knockout ( cKO ) of Alk3 using Wnt1-Cre and Sox10-Cre resulted in an absence of taste papillae at E12.0. Biochemical and cell differentiation analyses demonstrated that mesenchymal ALK3-BMP signaling governs the production of previously unappreciated secretory proteins, i.e., suppresses those that inhibiting and facilitates those promoting taste cell differentiation. Bulk RNA-Sequencing analysis revealed many more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the tongue epithelium than in the mesenchyme in Alk3 cKO vs control. Moreover, we detected a down-regulated epithelial Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and taste papilla development in the Alk3 cKO was rescued by GSK3β inhibitor LiCl, but not Wnt3a. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the requirement of tongue mesenchyme in taste papilla cell differentiation. Summary statement This is the first set of data to implicate the requirement of tongue mesenchyme in taste papilla cell differentiation.
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Samadaei M, Senfter D, Madlener S, Uranowska K, Hafner C, Trauner M, Rohr‐Udilova N, Pinter M. Targeting DNA repair to enhance the efficacy of sorafenib in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2022; 123:1663-1673. [PMID: 36271841 PMCID: PMC9828257 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The multityrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib remains an important systemic treatment option for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Signaling pathways, which are targeted by sorafenib, are involved in checkpoint and DNA repair response, RAD51 being a candidate protein. Here, we aim to evaluate the effect of the human RAD51 inhibitor B02 in combination with sorafenib in human HCC cells. Impact of RAD51 expression on HCC patient survival was evaluated by an in silico approach using Human Protein Atlas dataset. Cell viability of HUH7, AKH12, AKH13, and 3P was assessed by neutral red assay. To measure the cytotoxicity, we quantified loss of membrane integrity by lactate dehydrogenase release. We also employed colony formation assay and hanging drop method to assess clonogenic and invasive ability of HCC cell lines upon sorafenib and B02 treatment. Cell cycle distribution and characterization of apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry. In silico approach revealed that HCC patients with higher expression of RAD51 messenger RNA had a significantly shorter overall survival. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 alone and in combination with sorafenib significantly reduced viability, colony formation ability, and invasion capacity of HCC cells. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the combination of both agents reduces the proportion of cells in the G2/M phase while leading to an accumulating in the subG1 phase. The RAD51 inhibitor B02 seems to be a promising agent for HCC treatment and enhances the antitumor effects of sorafenib in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzeiar Samadaei
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Daniel Senfter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMolecular Neuro‐Oncology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent MedicineMolecular Neuro‐Oncology, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karolina Uranowska
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PoeltenAustria,Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Christine Hafner
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital St. PoeltenKarl Landsteiner University of Health SciencesSt. PoeltenAustria,Karl Landsteiner Institute of Dermatological ResearchKarl Landsteiner GesellschaftSt. PoeltenAustria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Nataliya Rohr‐Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria,Liver Cancer (HCC) Study Group ViennaDepartment of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Cytotoxic Activity of Piperazin-2-One-Based Structures: Cyclic Imines, Lactams, Aminophosphonates, and Their Derivatives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14092138. [PMID: 33922317 PMCID: PMC8122789 DOI: 10.3390/ma14092138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocycles are considered as desirable scaffolds for the development of novel lead compounds for anticancer drug research. Among them, phosphorus-containing amino-derivatives play a crucial role. A series of imines and products of their further reactions with P-nucleophiles were obtained starting from vicinal bisamines. Reaction of ethylenediamine and α-carbonyl esters yielded in novel unexpected products, which structures were confirmed by crystallographic measurements. The cytotoxic activity evaluation was done on a variety of cell lines including HUH7, AKH12, DAOY, UW228-2, D283, D425, and U251. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used as control. Two of the tested compounds, bearing TADDOL-derived, and trifluoromethyl substituents showed a significant effect on cell viability, though comparable to nonmalignant cells.
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8
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Wang H, Yang J, Zhang K, Liu J, Li Y, Su W, Song N. Advances of Fibroblast Growth Factor/Receptor Signaling Pathway in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and its Pharmacotherapeutic Targets. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:650388. [PMID: 33935756 PMCID: PMC8082422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.650388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a type of primary liver cancer with poor prognosis, and its incidence and mortality rate are increasing worldwide. It is refractory to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy owing to its high tumor heterogeneity. Accumulated genetic alterations and aberrant cell signaling pathway have been characterized in HCC. The fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family and their receptors (FGFRs) are involved in diverse biological activities, including embryonic development, proliferation, differentiation, survival, angiogenesis, and migration, etc. Data mining results of The Cancer Genome Atlas demonstrate high levels of FGF and/or FGFR expression in HCC tumors compared with normal tissues. Moreover, substantial evidence indicates that the FGF/FGFR signaling axis plays an important role in various mechanisms that contribute to HCC development. At present, several inhibitors targeting FGF/FGFR, such as multikinase inhibitors, specific FGFR4 inhibitors, and FGF ligand traps, exhibit antitumor activity in preclinical or early development phases in HCC. In this review, we summarize the research progress regarding the molecular implications of FGF/FGFR-mediated signaling and the development of FGFR-targeted therapeutics in hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jie Yang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Jia Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yushan Li
- School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Wei Su
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Na Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
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Paur J, Valler M, Sienel R, Taxauer K, Holzmann K, Marian B, Unterberger A, Mohr T, Berger W, Gvozdenovich A, Schimming J, Grusch M, Grasl‐Kraupp B. Interaction of FGF9 with FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc, a putative driver of growth and aggressive behaviour of hepatocellular carcinoma. Liver Int 2020; 40:2279-2290. [PMID: 32378800 PMCID: PMC7496895 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recently, overexpression of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) splice variants FGFR3-IIIb and FGFR3-IIIc was found in ~50% of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we aim to identify FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc ligands, which drive the progression of HCC. METHODS FACS, MTT assay and/or growth curves served to identify the FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc ligand being most effective to induce growth of hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines, established from human HCC. The most potent FGF was characterized regarding the expression levels in epithelial and stromal cells of liver and HCC and impact on neoangiogenesis, clonogenicity and invasive growth of hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells. RESULTS Among all FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc ligands tested, FGF9 was the most potent growth factor for hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells. Replication and/or sprouting of blood/lymphendothelial cells was stimulated as well. FGF9 occurred mainly in stromal cells of unaltered liver but in epithelial cells of HCC. Every fifth HCC exhibited overexpressed FGF9 and frequent co-upregulation of FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc. In hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells FGF9 enhanced the capability for clonogenicity and disintegration of the blood and lymphatic endothelium, being most pronounced in cells overexpressing FGFR3-IIIb or FGFR3-IIIc, respectively. Any of the FGF9 effects in hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells was blocked completely by applying the FGFR1-3-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitor BGJ398 or siFGFR3, while siFGFR1/2/4 were mostly ineffective. CONCLUSIONS FGF9 acts via FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc to enhance growth and aggressiveness of HCC cells. Accordingly, blockade of the FGF9-FGFR3-IIIb/IIIc axis may be an efficient therapeutic option for HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Paur
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Maximilian Valler
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rebecca Sienel
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Karin Taxauer
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Unterberger
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Andja Gvozdenovich
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Schimming
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp
- Department of Medicine IDivision: Institute of Cancer ResearchComprehensive Cancer Center ViennaMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Samadaei M, Pinter M, Senfter D, Madlener S, Rohr-Udilova N, Iwan D, Kamińska K, Wojaczyńska E, Wojaczyński J, Kochel A. Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Chiral Sulfonamides Based on the 2-Azabicycloalkane Skeleton. Molecules 2020; 25:E2355. [PMID: 32443610 PMCID: PMC7288168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25102355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of chiral sulfonamides containing the 2-azabicycloalkane scaffold were prepared from aza-Diels-Alder cycloadducts through their conversion to amines based on 2-azanorbornane or the bridged azepane skeleton, followed by the reaction with sulfonyl chlorides. The cytotoxic activity of the obtained bicyclic derivatives was evaluated using human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), medulloblastoma (MB), and glioblastoma (GBM) cell lines. Chosen compounds were shown to notably reduce cell viability as compared to nonmalignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahzeiar Samadaei
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Daniel Senfter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, AKH Vienna Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.S.); (M.P.); (D.S.); (S.M.)
| | - Dominika Iwan
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (D.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Karolina Kamińska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (D.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Elżbieta Wojaczyńska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland; (D.I.); (K.K.)
| | - Jacek Wojaczyński
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie St. 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (J.W.); (A.K.)
| | - Andrzej Kochel
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie St. 14, 50-383 Wrocław, Poland; (J.W.); (A.K.)
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11
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Vlacic G, Hoda MA, Klikovits T, Sinn K, Gschwandtner E, Mohorcic K, Schelch K, Pirker C, Peter-Vörösmarty B, Brankovic J, Dome B, Laszlo V, Cufer T, Rozman A, Klepetko W, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hegedus B, Berger W, Kern I, Grusch M. Expression of FGFR1-4 in Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Tissue and Corresponding Cell Lines and its Relationship to Patient Survival and FGFR Inhibitor Sensitivity. Cells 2019; 8:E1091. [PMID: 31527449 PMCID: PMC6769772 DOI: 10.3390/cells8091091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a devastating malignancy with limited therapeutic options. Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) and their ligands were shown to contribute to MPM aggressiveness and it was suggested that subgroups of MPM patients could benefit from FGFR-targeted inhibitors. In the current investigation, we determined the expression of all four FGFRs (FGFR1-FGFR4) by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 94 MPM patients. From 13 of these patients, we were able to establish stable cell lines, which were subjected to FGFR1-4 staining, transcript analysis by quantitative RT-PCR, and treatment with the FGFR inhibitor infigratinib. While FGFR1 and FGFR2 were widely expressed in MPM tissue and cell lines, FGFR3 and FGFR4 showed more restricted expression. FGFR1 and FGFR2 showed no correlation with clinicopathologic data or patient survival, but presence of FGFR3 in 42% and of FGFR4 in 7% of patients correlated with shorter overall survival. Immunostaining in cell lines was more homogenous than in the corresponding tissue samples. Neither transcript nor protein expression of FGFR1-4 correlated with response to infigratinib treatment in MPM cell lines. We conclude that FGFR3 and FGFR4, but not FGFR1 or FGFR2, have prognostic significance in MPM and that FGFR expression is not sufficient to predict FGFR inhibitor response in MPM cell lines.
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MESH Headings
- Acrylamides/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mesothelioma/diagnosis
- Mesothelioma/drug therapy
- Mesothelioma/pathology
- Mesothelioma, Malignant
- Middle Aged
- Phenylurea Compounds/pharmacology
- Protein Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Pyrimidines/pharmacology
- Quinazolines/pharmacology
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 4/metabolism
- Survival Analysis
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Vlacic
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Mir A Hoda
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Klikovits
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Sinn
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Elisabeth Gschwandtner
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katja Mohorcic
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Karin Schelch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Christine Pirker
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Barbara Peter-Vörösmarty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Jelena Brankovic
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Balazs Dome
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Institute of Oncology-Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Viktoria Laszlo
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Tumor Biology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tanja Cufer
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Ales Rozman
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Translational Thoracic Oncology Laboratory, Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University Medicine Essen-Ruhrlandklinik, 45239 Essen, Germany.
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Izidor Kern
- University Clinic for Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, 4204 Golnik, Slovenia.
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Mišík M, Nersesyan A, Ropek N, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmueller S. Use of human derived liver cells for the detection of genotoxins in comet assays. MUTATION RESEARCH/GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 845:402995. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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13
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Impact of glutathione peroxidase 4 on cell proliferation, angiogenesis and cytokine production in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018. [PMID: 29515790 PMCID: PMC5839371 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Insufficient supplementation with the micronutrient selenium and persistent hepatic inflammation predispose to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Inflammation-associated reactive oxygen species attack membrane lipids and form lipid hydroperoxides able to propagate oxidative hepatic damage. Selenium-containing enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) antagonizes this damage by reducing lipid hydroperoxides to respective hydroxides. However, the role of GPx4 in HCC remains elusive. We generated two human HCC cell lines with stable overexpression of GPx4, performed xenotransplantation into NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ (NSG) host mice and characterized the tumors formed. The experimental data were verified using gene expression data from two independent HCC patient cohorts. GPx4 overexpression protected from oxidative stress and reduced intracellular free radical level. GPx4-overexpressing cells displayed impaired tumor growth, reduced proliferation, altered angiogenesis and decreased expression of clinically relevant cytokine interleukin-8 and C-reactive protein. Moreover, GPx4 overexpression impaired migration of endothelial cells in vitro, and enhanced expression of thrombospondin 1, an endogenous inhibitor of angiogenesis. In patients, GPx4 expression in tumors positively correlated with survival and was linked to pathways which regulate cell proliferation, motility, tissue remodelling, immune response and M1 macrophage polarization. The patient data largely confirmed experimental findings especially in a subclass of poor prognosis tumors with high proliferation. GPx4 suppresses formation and progression of HCC by inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor cell proliferation as well as by immune-mediated mechanisms. Modification of GPx4 expression may represent a novel tool for HCC prevention or treatment.
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14
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Waldherr M, Mišík M, Ferk F, Tomc J, Žegura B, Filipič M, Mikulits W, Mai S, Haas O, Huber WW, Haslinger E, Knasmüller S. Use of HuH6 and other human-derived hepatoma lines for the detection of genotoxins: a new hope for laboratory animals? Arch Toxicol 2017; 92:921-934. [PMID: 29218508 PMCID: PMC5818615 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-017-2109-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cell lines which are currently used in genotoxicity tests lack enzymes which activate/detoxify mutagens. Therefore, rodent-derived liver preparations are used which reflect their metabolism in humans only partly; as a consequence misleading results are often obtained. Previous findings suggest that certain liver cell lines express phase I/II enzymes and detect promutagens without activation; however, their use is hampered by different shortcomings. The aim of this study was the identification of a suitable cell line. The sensitivity of twelve hepatic cell lines was investigated in single cell gel electrophoresis assays. Furthermore, characteristics of these lines were studied which are relevant for their use in genotoxicity assays (mitotic activity, p53 status, chromosome number, and stability). Three lines (HuH6, HCC1.2, and HepG2) detected representatives of five classes of promutagens, namely, IQ and PhIP (HAAs), B(a)P (PAH), NDMA (nitrosamine), and AFB1 (aflatoxin), and were sensitive towards reactive oxygen species (ROS). In contrast, the commercially available line HepaRG, postulated to be a surrogate for hepatocytes and an ideal tool for mutagenicity tests, did not detect IQ and was relatively insensitive towards ROS. All other lines failed to detect two or more compounds. HCC1.2 cells have a high and unstable chromosome number and mutated p53, these features distract from its use in routine screening. HepG2 was frequently employed in earlier studies, but pronounced inter-laboratory variations were observed. HuH6 was never used in genotoxicity experiments and is highly promising, it has a stable karyotype and we demonstrated that the results of genotoxicity experiments are reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Waldherr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Miroslav Mišík
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franziska Ferk
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Tomc
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Jozef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova cesta 39, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Bojana Žegura
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Metka Filipič
- Department for Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sören Mai
- Labdia Labordiagnostik GmbH, Zimmermannplatz 8, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oskar Haas
- Labdia Labordiagnostik GmbH, Zimmermannplatz 8, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang W Huber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Haslinger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Knasmüller
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Guo H, Eleftheriadis N, Rohr-Udilova N, Dömling A, Dekker FJ. Photoactivation provides a mechanistic explanation for pan-assay interference behaviour of 2-aminopyrroles in lipoxygenase inhibition. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 139:633-643. [PMID: 28843180 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (h-15-LOX-1) is a promising drug target in inflammation and cancer. In this study substitution-oriented screening (SOS) has been used to identify compounds with a 2-aminopyrrole scaffold as inhibitors for h-15-LOX-1. The observed structure activity relationships (SAR) proved to be relatively flat. IC50's for the most potent inhibitor of the series did not surpass 6.3 μM and the enzyme kinetics demonstrated uncompetitive inhibition. Based on this, we hypothesized that the investigated 2-aminopyrroles are pan assay interference compounds (PAINS) with photoactivation via a radical mechanism. Our results demonstrated clear photoactivation of h-15-LOX-1 inhibition under UV and visible light. In addition, the investigated 2-aminopyrroles decreased viability of cultured human hepatocarcinoma cells HCC-1.2 in a dose-dependent manner with LD50 ranging from 0.55 ± 0.15 μM (21B10) to 2.75 ± 0.91 μM (22). Taken together, this indicates that photoactivation can play an important role in the biological activity of compounds with a 2-amino-pyrrole scaffold as investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Guo
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nikolaos Eleftheriadis
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy (GRIP), University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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16
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Dengler M, Staufer K, Huber H, Stauber R, Bantel H, Weiss KH, Starlinger P, Pock H, Klöters-Plachky P, Gotthardt DN, Rauch P, Lackner C, Stift J, Brostjan C, Gruenberger T, Kumada T, Toyoda H, Tada T, Weiss TS, Trauner M, Mikulits W. Soluble Axl is an accurate biomarker of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma development: results from a large scale multicenter analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:46234-46248. [PMID: 28526812 PMCID: PMC5542263 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.17598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) and cirrhosis are at high risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Current diagnostic tools for HCC detection include imaging techniques and serum biomarkers such as α-fetoprotein (AFP). Yet, these methods are limited in sensitivity and specificity to accurately detect early HCC. Here we focused on the potential of soluble Axl (sAxl) as a biomarker in CLD patients by analyzing serum samples of 1067 patients and healthy controls from centers in Europe and Asia. We show that serum concentrations of sAxl were significantly increased at early (82.57 ng/mL) and later stages of HCC (114.50 ng/mL) as compared to healthy controls (40.15 ng/mL). Notably, no elevated sAxl levels were detected in patients with CLD including chronic viral hepatitis, autoimmune hepatitis, cholestatic liver disease, or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease versus healthy controls. Furthermore, sAxl did not rise in liver adenomas or cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Yet, patients with advanced fibrosis (F3) or cirrhosis (F4) showed enhanced sAxl concentrations (F3: 54.67 ng/mL; F4: 94.74 ng/mL). Hepatic myofibroblasts exhibited an increased release of sAxl, suggesting that elevated sAxl levels arise from these cells during fibrosis. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of sAxl displayed a strongly increased sensitivity and specificity to detect both cirrhosis (80.8%/92.0%) and HCC (83.3%/86.7%) with an area under the curve of 0.935/0.903 as compared to AFP. In conclusion, sAxl shows high diagnostic accuracy at early stage HCC as well as cirrhosis, thereby outperforming AFP. Importantly, sAxl remains normal in most common CLDs, liver adenomas and CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Dengler
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Staufer
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Heidemarie Huber
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heike Bantel
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Patrick Starlinger
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannelore Pock
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | | | - Peter Rauch
- Candor Bioscience GmbH, Wangen im Allgäu, Germany
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Judith Stift
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Brostjan
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Gruenberger
- Department of Surgery, Division of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Tada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Thomas S. Weiss
- Center for Liver Cell Research, Children's University Hospital (KUNO), University of Regensburg Hospital, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Michael Trauner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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17
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Rohr-Udilova N, Klinglmüller F, Seif M, Hayden H, Bilban M, Pinter M, Stolze K, Sieghart W, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Trauner M. Oxidative stress mediates an increased formation of vascular endothelial growth factor in human hepatocarcinoma cells exposed to erlotinib. Oncotarget 2017; 8:57109-57120. [PMID: 28915658 PMCID: PMC5593629 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The tyrosine kinase inhibitor erlotinib targets the receptor of epidermal growth factor (EGFR) involved in development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Although inefficient in established HCC, erlotinib has been recently proposed for HCC chemoprevention. Since Cyp3A4 and Cyp1A2 enzymes metabolize erlotinib in the liver, the insights into the mechanisms of erlotinib effects on liver cells with maintained drug metabolizing activity are needed. We applied erlotinib to both commercially available (SNU398, Huh7) and established in Austria HCC cell lines (HCC-1.2, HCC-3). Cyp3A4 and Cyp1A2, microarray gene expression, cell viability, LDH release, DHFC fluorescence were assessed. VEGF expression was analysed by real-time RT-PCR and ELISA. Higher cumulative expression of erlotinib metabolizing enzymes was observed in HCC-1.2 and HCC-3 cells. Gene expression microarray analysis showed upregulation of VEGF signalling by erlotinib. VEGF was increased up to 134 ± 14% (n = 5, p = 0.002) in HCC-1.2, HCC-3 and Huh7 cells. Interventions by Cyp1A2 and Mek2siRNA, MEK inhibitor UO126, diphenylene iodonium, as well as a combination of N-acetylcysteine with selenium all inhibited VEGF upregulation caused by erlotinib. Thus, erlotinib increases VEGF production by mechanisms involving Cyp1A2, oxidative stress and MEK1/2. VEGF may favour angiogenesis and growth of early HCC tumours limiting the therapeutic and chemopreventive effects of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Klinglmüller
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martha Seif
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hubert Hayden
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Bilban
- Clinical Institute for Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Pinter
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Stolze
- Institute of Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, Department for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine, A-1220 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Sieghart
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Peck-Radosavljevic
- Clinic Klagenfurth, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 9020 Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Michael Trauner
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Choi M, Min YH, Pyo J, Lee CW, Jang CY, Kim JE. TC Mps1 12, a novel Mps1 inhibitor, suppresses the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via the accumulation of chromosomal instability. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:1810-1825. [PMID: 28299790 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Chromosomal instability is not only a hallmark of cancer but also an attractive therapeutic target. A diverse set of mitotic kinases maintains chromosomal stability. One of these is monopolar spindle 1 (Mps1, also known as TTK), which is essential for chromosome alignment and for the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). Pharmacological inhibition of Mps1 has been suggested as a cancer therapeutic; however, despite the existence of a novel Mps1 inhibitor, TC Mps1 12, no such studies have been performed. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effects of TC Mps1 12 on cell viability, chromosome alignment, centrosome number, mitotic duration, apoptosis and SAC were determined in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells. In addition, the association of Mps1 expression with the overall survival of HCC patients was analysed. KEY RESULTS Treatment of human HCC cells with TC Mps1 12 led to chromosome misalignment and missegregation, and disorganization of centrosomes. Even in the presence of these errors, TC Mps1 12-treated cells overrode the SAC, resulting in a shortened mitotic duration and mitotic slippage. This mitotic catastrophe triggered apoptosis and, finally, inhibited the growth of HCC cells. In addition, the expression of the Mps1-encoding TTK gene was associated with poor overall survival of HCC patients. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS TC Mps1 12 results in the accumulation of chromosomal instabilities and mitotic catastrophe in HCC cells. Overall, these data demonstrate that the inhibition of Mps1 kinase using TC Mps1 12 is a promising therapeutic approach for liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Hong Min
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehyuk Pyo
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Woo Lee
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Eun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Rebouissou S, La Bella T, Rekik S, Imbeaud S, Calatayud AL, Rohr-Udilova N, Martin Y, Couchy G, Bioulac-Sage P, Grasl-Kraupp B, de Koning L, Ganne-Carrié N, Nault JC, Ziol M, Zucman-Rossi J. Proliferation Markers Are Associated with MET Expression in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Predict Tivantinib Sensitivity In Vitro. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4364-4375. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-3118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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20
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Chilosi M, Caliò A, Rossi A, Gilioli E, Pedica F, Montagna L, Pedron S, Confalonieri M, Doglioni C, Ziesche R, Grubinger M, Mikulits W, Poletti V. Epithelial to mesenchymal transition-related proteins ZEB1, β-catenin, and β-tubulin-III in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:26-38. [PMID: 27586205 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial to mesenchymal transition has been suggested as a relevant contributor to pulmonary fibrosis, but how and where this complex process is triggered in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is not fully understood. Beta-tubulin-III (Tubβ3), ZEB1, and β-catenin are partially under the negative control of miR-200, a family of micro-RNAs playing a major role in epithelial to mesenchymal transition, that are reduced in experimental lung fibrosis and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We wonder whether in situ expression of these proteins is increased in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, to better understand the significance of miR-200 feedback loop and epithelial to mesenchymal transition. We investigated the immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent expression and precise location of ZEB1, Tubβ3, and β-catenin in tissue samples from 34 idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis cases and 21 controls (5 normal lungs and 16 other interstitial lung diseases). In 100% idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis samples, the three proteins were concurrently expressed in fibroblastic foci, as well in damaged epithelial cells overlying these lesions and in pericytes within neo-angiogenesis areas. These results were also confirmed by immunofluorescence assay. In controls the abnormal expression of the three proteins was absent or limited. This is the first study that relates concurrent expression of Tubβ3, ZEB1, and β-catenin to abnormal epithelial and myofibroblast differentiation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, providing indirect but robust evidence of miR-200 deregulation and epithelial to mesenchymal transition activation in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. The abnormal expression and localization of these proteins in bronchiolar fibro-proliferative lesions are unique for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and might represent a disease-specific marker in challenging lung biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Chilosi
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Caliò
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Pulmonary Division, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Eliana Gilioli
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy.,Department of Pathology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Montagna
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Serena Pedron
- Anatomic Pathology, University and Hospital Trust, Verona, Italy
| | - Marco Confalonieri
- Department of Pulmonology, University Hospital of Cattinara, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Department of Pathology, IRCSS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolf Ziesche
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Medicine-II University of Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Grubinger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Wien, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Mikulits
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Wien, Austria
| | - Venerino Poletti
- Pulmonology Unit, Department of Thoracic Diseases, GB Morgagni-L Pierantoni Hospital, Forlì, Italy.,Department of Respiratory Diseases and Allergology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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21
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Paur J, Nika L, Maier C, Moscu-Gregor A, Kostka J, Huber D, Mohr T, Heffeter P, Schrottmaier WC, Kappel S, Kandioler D, Holzmann K, Marian B, Berger W, Grusch M, Grasl-Kraupp B. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 isoforms: Novel therapeutic targets for hepatocellular carcinoma? Hepatology 2015; 62:1767-78. [PMID: 26235436 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) are frequently up-regulated in subsets of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we provide mechanistic insight that FGFR3 splice variants IIIb and IIIc impact considerably on the malignant phenotype of HCC cells. The occurrence of FGFR3 variants was analyzed in human HCC samples. In hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cell lines, FGFR3 isoforms were overexpressed by lentiviral constructs or down-modulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA; affecting FGFR3-IIIb and -IIIc) or an adenoviral kinase-dead FGFR3-IIIc construct (kdFGFR3). Elevated levels of FGFR3-IIIb and/or -IIIc were found in 53% of HCC cases. FGFR3-IIIb overexpression occurred significantly more often in primary tumors of large (pT2-4) than of small size (pT1). Furthermore, one or both isoforms were enhanced mostly in cases with early tumor infiltration and/or recurrence at the time of surgery or follow-up examinations. In hepatoma/hepatocarcinoma cells, up-regulated FGFR3-IIIb conferred an enhanced capability for proliferation. Both FGFR3-IIIb and FGFR3-IIIc suppressed apoptotic activity, enhanced clonogenic growth, and induced disintegration of the blood/lymph endothelium. The tumorigenicity of cells in severe combined immunodeficiency mice was augmented to a larger degree by variant IIIb than by IIIc. Conversely, siRNA targeting FGFR3 and kdFGFR3 reduced clonogenicity, anchorage-independent growth, and disintegration of the blood/lymph endothelium in vitro. Furthermore, kdFGFR3 strongly attenuated tumor formation in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Deregulated FGFR3 variants exhibit specific effects in the malignant progression of HCC cells. Accordingly, blockade of FGFR3-mediated signaling may be a promising therapeutic approach to antagonize growth and malignant behavior of HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Paur
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lisa Nika
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christiane Maier
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Moscu-Gregor
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Kostka
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Huber
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Waltraud C Schrottmaier
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Kappel
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Kandioler
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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22
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Pančoška P, Skála L, Nešetřil J, Carr BI. Validation of the Concept of a Common Typical Time of Disease Duration for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Using the Fisher Information Processing of Tumor Imaging Results Combined With Network Phenotyping Strategy Quantification of Individual Patient Clinical Profile Patterns. Semin Oncol 2015; 42:672-8. [PMID: 26320070 DOI: 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A primary goal of current clinical cancer research is the identification of prognostic tumor subtypes. It is increasingly clear that tumor growth depends on both internal tumor factors, and factors that are external to the tumor, such as microenvironment. We recently showed that parameter values alone are less important than the patterns of all patient parameters together for the identification of prognostic subtypes and have identified a network phenotyping strategy method to quantitatively describe the dependency of the tumor on the environment, to characterize hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) subtypes. We have also shown that information about tumor mass together with patterns of other prognostic factors is related to survival. We now use a different patient cohort to validate this prognostic approach. A main finding is our identification of a common time of total disease duration (TDD) for every HCC patient. Clinical prognosis at the time of baseline patient evaluation is then calculable as the difference between TDD and the time from disease onset to diagnosis (T(onset)). We show that the total pattern of all parameter values and the differences in the relationships between this pattern and a reference pattern that, together with the tumor mass, best reflects the patient's prognosis at baseline. Our approach led us to identify 15 different composite HCC subtypes. Our results highlight the nearly identical TDD in all patients, which must therefore be a characteristic of the HCC disease, as opposed to the variable quantity of T(onset), which is impacted by multiple macro- and micro-environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Pančoška
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lubomír Skála
- Department of Chemical Physics and Optics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Nešetřil
- Institute of Theoretical Informatics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Brian I Carr
- Visiting Professor, Program for Targeted Experimental Therapeutics, Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
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23
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Hoetzenecker K, Hochdaninger M, Traxler D, Gschwandtner M, Kasiri MM, Mitterbauer A, Schweiger T, Hegedus B, Klepetko W, Tschachler E, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Antimicrobial peptides are highly abundant and active in postoperative pleural drainage fluids. Ann Thorac Surg 2014; 98:1042-50. [PMID: 25038012 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2014.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human lung is considered a nonsterile organ, and surgical interventions therefore take place in a more or less contaminated operating field. Nevertheless, infectious complications of the pleural cavity are low after major lung resections. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are part of the innate immunity and display a broad capacity to kill pathogens. We hypothesized that the pleural space must have a high natural antimicrobial barrier and that AMPs might effectively protect the pleural cavity. METHODS Pleural effusions were collected after lung operations. Antimicrobial activity of the fluids against gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens was analyzed by microdilution assays. AMPs were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and immunohistochemical analysis. The impact of proinflammatory triggers on AMP release from pleural mesothelial cells was evaluated. RESULTS Antimicrobial activity assays revealed high bactericidal properties of postoperative pleural drainage fluids. They effectively killed gram-negative pathogens (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) as well as gram-positive pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes). A variety of AMPs was detected at constantly high concentrations in the pleural fluids. They mainly derived from leukocytes and pleural epithelium. Although proinflammatory cytokine levels were elevated in the postoperative pleural fluids, AMP expression could not be augmented by Toll-like receptor (TLR) triggering or by the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α. CONCLUSIONS We provide the first evidence of a high abundance of AMPs in postoperative pleural fluids. Our findings might explain the broad protection against infectious complications of the pleural space after major lung operations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Gschwandtner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Kasiri
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mitterbauer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Klepetko
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Erwin Tschachler
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik J Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University Vienna, Austria
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24
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Gauglhofer C, Paur J, Schrottmaier WC, Wingelhofer B, Huber D, Naegelen I, Pirker C, Mohr T, Heinzle C, Holzmann K, Marian B, Schulte-Hermann R, Berger W, Krupitza G, Grusch M, Grasl-Kraupp B. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4: a putative key driver for the aggressive phenotype of hepatocellular carcinoma. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2331-8. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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25
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Slany A, Haudek-Prinz V, Zwickl H, Stättner S, Grasl-Kraupp B, Gerner C. Myofibroblasts are important contributors to human hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence for tumor promotion by proteome profiling. Electrophoresis 2013; 34:3315-25. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201300326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Slany
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Verena Haudek-Prinz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Hannes Zwickl
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Stefan Stättner
- Department of Surgery; Paracelsus Medical University; Salzburg Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry; University of Vienna; Austria
- Department of Medicine I; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Institute of Cancer Research; Medical University of Vienna; Austria
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Activins control the growth of several tumour types including thoracic malignancies. In the present study, we investigated their expression and function in malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). METHODS The expression of activins and activin receptors was analysed by quantitative PCR in a panel of MPM cell lines. Activin A expression was further analysed by immunohistochemistry in MPM tissue specimens (N=53). Subsequently, MPM cells were treated with activin A, activin receptor inhibitors or activin-targeting siRNA and the impact on cell viability, proliferation, migration and signalling was assessed. RESULTS Concomitant expression of activin subunits and receptors was found in all cell lines, and activin A was overexpressed in most cell lines compared with non-malignant mesothelial cells. Similarly, immunohistochemistry demonstrated intense staining of tumour cells for activin A in a subset of patients. Treatment with activin A induced SMAD2 phosphorylation and stimulated clonogenic growth of mesothelioma cells. In contrast, treatment with kinase inhibitors of activin receptors (SB-431542, A-8301) inhibited MPM cell viability, clonogenicity and migration. Silencing of activin A expression by siRNA oligonucleotides further confirmed these results and led to reduced cyclin D1/3 expression. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that activin A contributes to the malignant phenotype of MPM cells via regulation of cyclin D and may represent a valuable candidate for therapeutic interference.
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27
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Rohr-Udilova N, Sieghart W, Eferl R, Stoiber D, Björkhem-Bergman L, Eriksson LC, Stolze K, Hayden H, Keppler B, Sagmeister S, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R, Peck-Radosavljevic M. Antagonistic effects of selenium and lipid peroxides on growth control in early hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology 2012; 55:1112-21. [PMID: 22105228 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Activation of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) transcription factor as well as increased serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and interleukin (IL)-8 predict poor prognosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). Moreover, HCC patients display reduced selenium levels, which may cause lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress because selenium is an essential component of antioxidative glutathione peroxidases (GPx). We hypothesized that selenium-lipid peroxide antagonism controls the above prognostic markers and tumor growth. (1) In human HCC cell lines (HCC-1.2, HCC-3, and SNU398) linoleic acid peroxide (LOOH) and other prooxidants enhanced the expression of VEGF and IL-8. LOOH up-regulated AP-1 activation. Selenium inhibited these effects. This inhibition was mediated by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), which preferentially degrades lipid peroxides. Selenium enhanced GPx4 expression and total GPx activity, while knock-down of GPx4 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) increased VEGF, and IL-8 expression. (2) These results were confirmed in a rat hepatocarcinogenesis model. Selenium treatment during tumor promotion increased hepatic GPx4 expression and reduced the expression of VEGF and of the AP-1 component c-fos as well as nodule growth. (3) In HCC patients, increased levels of LOOH-related antibodies (LOOH-Ab) were found, suggesting enhanced LOOH formation. LOOH-Ab correlated with serum VEGF and IL-8 and with AP-1 activation in HCC tissue. In contrast, selenium inversely correlated with VEGF, IL-8, and HCC size (the latter only for tumors smaller than 3 cm). CONCLUSION Reduced selenium levels result in accumulation of lipid peroxides. This leads to enhanced AP-1 activation and consequently to elevated expression of VEGF and IL-8, which accelerate the growth of HCC. Selenium supplementation could be considered for investigation as a strategy for chemoprevention or additional therapy of early HCC in patients with low selenium levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Rohr-Udilova
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Expression of telomeres in astrocytoma WHO grade 2 to 4: TERRA level correlates with telomere length, telomerase activity, and advanced clinical grade. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:56-65. [PMID: 22348177 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.11202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells bypass replicative senescence, the major barrier to tumor progression, by using telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) as telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs). Correlation between ALT and patient survival was demonstrated for high-grade astrocytomas. Transcription from subtelomeres produces telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA), a natural inhibitor of telomerase activity (TA). This led us to evaluate correlations of TERRA and TMM with tumor grade and outcome in astrocytoma patients. SYBR Green real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays for quantitation of total and chromosome 2p and 18p specific TERRA levels were developed. Tumor samples from 46 patients with astrocytoma grade 2 to 4, tissue controls, and cell lines were assessed. TMMs were evaluated by measuring TA and by detecting long telomeres due to ALT. In glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) grade 4, total TERRA levels were similar to cell lines but 14-, 31-, and 313-fold lower compared with grade 3, grade 2, and nonmalignant tissue, respectively. Total TERRA levels differed from chromosomal levels. Low 2p TERRA levels correlated with dense promoter methylation of subtelomeric CpG islands, indicating that TERRA expression in gliomas may be chromosome specific and epigenetically regulated. Total TERRA levels correlated with diagnosis, with low or absent TA and the presence of ALT, and were tentatively associated with favorable patient prognosis in our cohort (P = .06). TA and short telomeres identified a subset of GBM with a median survival of only 14.8 months. TERRA and TA may be prognostic in astrocytic tumors.
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Barikbin R, Neureiter D, Wirth J, Erhardt A, Schwinge D, Kluwe J, Schramm C, Tiegs G, Sass G. Induction of heme oxygenase 1 prevents progression of liver fibrosis in Mdr2 knockout mice. Hepatology 2012; 55:553-62. [PMID: 21953613 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Induction or overexpression of the heme-degrading enzyme, heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), has been shown to protect mice from liver damage induced by acute inflammation. We have investigated the effects of HO-1 induction in a mouse model of chronic liver inflammation and fibrogenesis with progression to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Mdr2ko; FVB.129P2-Abcb4(tm1Bor)). HO-1 was induced in vivo by treatment with cobalt protoporphyrin IX, starting at week 5 or 12 of mice lifespan, and continued for 7 weeks. Our results showed that HO-1 induction reduced liver damage and chronic inflammation by regulating immune cell infiltration or proliferation as well as tumor necrosis factor receptor signaling. Fibrosis progression was significantly reduced by HO-1 induction in mice with mild, as well as established, portal and lobular fibrosis. HO-1 induction significantly suppressed hepatic stellate cell activation. During established fibrosis, HO-1 induction was able to revert portal inflammation and fibrosis below levels observed at the start of treatment. Moreover, hepatocellular proliferation and signs of dysplasia were decreased after HO-1 induction. CONCLUSION Induction of HO-1 interferes with chronic inflammation and fibrogenesis and, in consequence, might delay progression to HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roja Barikbin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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30
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Losert A, Lötsch D, Lackner A, Koppensteiner H, Peter-Vörösmarty B, Steiner E, Holzmann K, Grunt T, Schmid K, Marian B, Grasl-Kraupp B, Schulte-Hermann R, Krupitza G, Berger W, Grusch M. The major vault protein mediates resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition in human hepatoma cells. Cancer Lett 2012; 319:164-172. [PMID: 22261339 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the response of HCC to EGFR inhibition, we analyzed factors connected to the resistance of HCC cells against gefitinib. Sensitive HCC3 cells co-expressed EGFR and ErbB3 but lacked kinase-domain mutations in EGFR. Interestingly, expression of MVP was restricted to resistant cell lines, whereas ABCB1 and ABCC1 showed no association with gefitinib resistance. Moreover, ectopic MVP expression in HCC3 cells decreased gefitinib sensitivity, increased AKT phosphorylation and reduced the expression of inflammatory pathway-associated genes, whereas silencing of MVP in Hep3B and HepG2 cells increased sensitivity. These findings suggest MVP as a novel player in resistance against EGFR inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Losert
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Lötsch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Lackner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Herwig Koppensteiner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Peter-Vörösmarty
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Steiner
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Holzmann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Grunt
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Schmid
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bettina Grasl-Kraupp
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rolf Schulte-Hermann
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Krupitza
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Grusch
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Medicine I, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Inhibin/activin expression in human and rodent liver: subunits α and βB as new players in human hepatocellular carcinoma? Br J Cancer 2011; 104:1303-12. [PMID: 21407220 PMCID: PMC3078591 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Activins and inhibins belong to the TGFβ-superfamily, which controls cell proliferation and differentiation in many organs. Activin A, the dimer of inhibin βA subunit, acts strongly anti-proliferative in hepatocytes. Little is known on the other activin/inhibin subunits in human liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods: We studied the expression of the complete inhibin family α, βA, βB, βC, βE in normal liver, tumour-adjacent and HCC tissue, 12 additional organs and rodent liver. A total of 16 HCC and 10 disease-free livers were analysed. Expression of inhibin subunits was determined by qRT–PCR, normalised to RNA input and by geNorm algorithm, and confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Results: Remarkably, βA expression was not decreased in HCC. Similarly, βC and βE exhibited no major changes. In contrast, inhibin α, barely detectable in normal liver, was strongly increased in tumour-adjacent liver and dramatically enhanced in HCC. βB was strongly enhanced in some HCC. At variance with human liver, rodent liver showed higher inhibin α and βC expression, but βA was somewhat, and βB dramatically lower. Conclusions: Upregulation of inhibin α – and possibly of βB – may shield HCC cells from anti-proliferative effects of activin A. Dramatic variations between humans and rodents may reflect different functions of some inhibins/activins.
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Gauglhofer C, Sagmeister S, Schrottmaier W, Fischer C, Rodgarkia-Dara C, Mohr T, Stättner S, Bichler C, Kandioler D, Wrba F, Schulte-Hermann R, Holzmann K, Grusch M, Marian B, Berger W, Grasl-Kraupp B. Up-regulation of the fibroblast growth factor 8 subfamily in human hepatocellular carcinoma for cell survival and neoangiogenesis. Hepatology 2011; 53:854-64. [PMID: 21319186 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) and their high-affinity receptors [fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs)] contribute to autocrine and paracrine growth stimulation in several non-liver cancer entities. Here we report that at least one member of the FGF8 subfamily (FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18) was up-regulated in 59% of 34 human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) samples that we investigated. The levels of the corresponding receptors (FGFR2, FGFR3, and FGFR4) were also elevated in the great majority of the HCC cases. Overall, 82% of the HCC cases showed overexpression of at least one FGF and/or FGFR. The functional implications of the deregulated FGF/FGFR system were investigated by the simulation of an insufficient blood supply. When HCC-1.2, HepG2, or Hep3B cells were subjected to serum withdrawal or the hypoxia-mimetic drug deferoxamine mesylate, the expression of FGF8 subfamily members increased dramatically. In the serum-starved cells, the incidence of apoptosis was elevated, whereas the addition of FGF8, FGF17, or FGF18 impaired apoptosis, which was associated with phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and ribosomal protein S6. In contrast, down-modulation of FGF18 by small interfering RNA (siRNA) significantly reduced the viability of the hepatocarcinoma cells. siRNA targeting FGF18 also impaired the cells' potential to form clones at a low cell density or in soft agar. With respect to the tumor microenvironment, FGF17 and FGF18 stimulated the growth of HCC-derived myofibroblasts, and FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 induced the proliferation and tube formation of hepatic endothelial cells. CONCLUSION FGF8, FGF17, and FGF18 are involved in autocrine and paracrine signaling in HCC and enhance the survival of tumor cells under stress conditions, malignant behavior, and neoangiogenesis. Thus, the FGF8 subfamily supports the development and progression of hepatocellular malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Gauglhofer
- Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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van Zijl F, Mall S, Machat G, Pirker C, Zeillinger R, Weinhaeusel A, Bilban M, Berger W, Mikulits W. A Human Model of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition to Monitor Drug Efficacy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression. Mol Cancer Ther 2011; 10:850-60. [PMID: 21364009 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-10-0917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska van Zijl
- Department of Medicine I, Division: Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Baumgartner RR, Steinmann D, Heiss EH, Atanasov AG, Ganzera M, Stuppner H, Dirsch VM. Bioactivity-guided isolation of 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose from Paeonia lactiflora roots as a PTP1B inhibitor. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2010; 73:1578-1581. [PMID: 20806783 DOI: 10.1021/np100258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is of substantial interest for the treatment of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Using an in vitro enzyme assay with human recombinant PTP1B 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-D-glucopyranose was isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora as an inhibitor of PTP1B, with an IC(50) value of 4.8 μM. Additionally, 1 was shown to act as an insulin sensitizer in human hepatoma cells (HCC-1.2) at a concentration of 10 μM. Thus, a potential new mechanism of action is provided explaining the antidiabetic properties of P. lactiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renate R Baumgartner
- Department of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Heffeter P, Böck K, Atil B, Hoda MAR, Körner W, Bartel C, Jungwirth U, Keppler BK, Micksche M, Berger W, Koellensperger G. Intracellular protein binding patterns of the anticancer ruthenium drugs KP1019 and KP1339. J Biol Inorg Chem 2010; 15:737-48. [PMID: 20221888 PMCID: PMC3371400 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-010-0642-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2010] [Accepted: 02/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The ruthenium compound KP1019 has demonstrated promising anticancer activity in a pilot clinical trial. This study aims to evaluate the intracellular uptake/binding patterns of KP1019 and its sodium salt KP1339, which is currently in a phase I-IIa study. Although KP1339 tended to be moderately less cytotoxic than KP1019, IC(50) values in several cancer cell models revealed significant correlation of the cytotoxicity profiles, suggesting similar targets for the two drugs. Accordingly, both drugs activated apoptosis, indicated by caspase activation via comparable pathways. Drug uptake determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was completed after 1 h, corresponding to full cytotoxicity as early as after 3 h of drug exposure. Surprisingly, the total cellular drug uptake did not correlate with cytotoxicity. However, distinct differences in intracellular distribution patterns suggested that the major targets for the two ruthenium drugs are cytosolic rather than nuclear. Consequently, drug-protein binding in cytosolic fractions of drug-treated cells was analyzed by native size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) coupled online with ICP-MS. Ruthenium-protein binding of KP1019- and KP1339-treated cells distinctly differed from the platinum binding pattern observed after cisplatin treatment. An adapted SEC-SEC-ICP-MS system identified large protein complexes/aggregates above 700 kDa as initial major binding partners in the cytosol, followed by ruthenium redistribution to the soluble protein weight fraction below 40 kDa. Taken together, our data indicate that KP1019 and KP1339 rapidly enter tumor cells, followed by binding to larger protein complexes/organelles. The different protein binding patterns as compared with those for cisplatin suggest specific protein targets and consequently a unique mode of action for the ruthenium drugs investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Böck
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bihter Atil
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mir Ali Reza Hoda
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wilfried Körner
- Institute for Geological Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Bartel
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ute Jungwirth
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Micksche
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria,
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, BOKU, Vienna, Austria
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Cell death and autophagy: Cytokines, drugs, and nutritional factors. Toxicology 2008; 254:147-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2008.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2008] [Revised: 07/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/05/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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