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Mahfauz M, Yuruker O, Kalkan R. Repurposing metformin as a potential anticancer agent using in silico technique. Daru 2024:10.1007/s40199-024-00523-0. [PMID: 38922530 DOI: 10.1007/s40199-024-00523-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The focus on repurposing readily available, well-known drugs for new, creative uses has grown recently. One such medication is metformin, a drug commonly used to manage diabetes, which shows a favorable correlation between its use and lower cancer morbidity and death. Numerous investigations and clinical trials have been conducted to evaluate the possible application of metformin as an anticancer medication in light of this conclusion. OBJECTIVE This study used 'pathway/gene-set analysis' Gene2drug, a resource for Gene Ontology (GO), and DepMap to determine whether metformin would be potentially advantageous for treating cancer. METHODS A total of 1826 tumor cell lines were analyzed using the Drug Sensitivity (Primary Purposing Primary Screening) 19Q4 Tool. RESULTS 9 genes from 402 genes, SGPL1, CXCR6, ATXN2L, LAMP3, RTN3, BTN2A1, FOXM1, NQO1, and L1TD1 in 1826 cancer cell line showed statistical sensitivity to metformin. CONCLUSION This in-silico study showed the sensitivity of specific cancer cell lines to metformin. Therefore, holding promises for metformin and tumor-targeted treatment strategies. It is recommended, however, to conduct further research into its potential effectiveness and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Mahfauz
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Güzelyurt, Cyprus
| | - Ozel Yuruker
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus Health and Social Sciences University, Güzelyurt, Cyprus.
| | - Rasime Kalkan
- Faculty of Medicine, European University of Lefke, Mersin 10, Lefke, 99728, Northern Cyprus, Turkey
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2
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Su J, Ni C, Wu Y, Zhang J, Cai Z, Lu J, Lin S, Wang J. Comparative efficacy and safety of cabozantinib for malignant tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2024; 24:293-302. [PMID: 38551185 DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2337266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide a more comprehensive understanding of the efficacy and safety profile of cabozantinib versus placebo in malignant tumors, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. This involved analyzing a collection of published randomized controlled trials to assess the outcomes. METHODS We used RevMan5.3 software to evaluate the outcomes of the collected studies. The primary outcome we focused on was progression-free survival (PFS), and the secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS) and disease control rate (DCR). RESULTS Our findings revealed that compared to placebo, cabozantinib significantly extended the PFS of patients [hazard ratios (HR) 0.37, 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.32, 0.43, p < 0.00001]. Additionally, cabozantinib improved the OS of patients [HR 0.78, 95%CI: 0.68, 0.91, p = 0.002]. While it is important to note that cabozantinib was associated with a higher likelihood of causing digestive, cutaneous, and cardiovascular related adverse events [relative risk (RR) 4.40, 95% CI: 3.10, 6.25, p < 0.00001]. CONCLUSION Based on our analysis, cabozantinib significantly prolonged the PFS and OS of patients with malignant tumors (p < 0.01). We recommend the use of cabozantinib in treating advanced malignant tumors. However, it is important to continuously monitor and manage the drug-related adverse events. REGISTRATION PROSPERO (No. CRD42023449261).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Su
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- General Internal Medicine Department, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cui Ni
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuqian Wu
- Endocrinology Department, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jialin Zhang
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zelin Cai
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shengyou Lin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Oncology Department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Ling L, Li B, Wu H, Zhang K, Li S, Ke B, Zhu Z, Liu T, Liu P, Zhang B. Construction and validation of molecular subtype and signature of immune cell-related telomeric genes and prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy in ovarian cancer patients. J Gene Med 2024; 26:e3606. [PMID: 38282157 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer (OVC) has emerged as a fatal gynecological malignancy as a result of a lack of reliable methods for early detection, limited biomarkers and few treatment options. Immune cell-related telomeric genes (ICRTGs) show promise as potential biomarkers. METHODS ICRTGs were discovered using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). ICRTGs were screened for significant prognosis using one-way Cox regression analysis. Subsequently, molecular subtypes of prognosis-relevant ICRTGs were constructed and validated for OVC, and the immune microenvironment's landscape across subtypes was compared. OVC prognostic models were built and validated using prognosis-relevant ICRTGs. Additionally, chemotherapy susceptibility drugs for OVC patients in the low- and high-risk groups of ICRTGs were screened using genomics of drug susceptibility to cancer (GDSC). Finally, the immunotherapy response in the low- and high-risk groups was detected using the data from GSE78220. We conducted an immune index correlation analysis of ICRTGs with significant prognoses. The MAP3K4 gene, for which the prognostic correlation coefficient is the highest, was validated using tissue microarrays for a prognostic-immune index correlation. RESULTS WGCNA analysis constructed a gene set of ICRTGs and screened 22 genes with prognostic significance. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed the best molecular typing for two subtypes. The Gene Set Variation Analysis algorithm was used to calculate telomere scores and validate the molecular subtyping. A prognostic model was constructed using 17 ICRTGs. In the The Cancer Genome Atlas-OVC training set and the Gene Expression Omnibus validation set (GSE30161), the risk score model's predicted risk groups and the actual prognosis were shown to be significantly correlated. GDSC screened Axitinib, Bexarotene, Embelin and the GSE78220 datasets and demonstrated that ICRTGs effectively distinguished the group that responds to immunotherapy from the non-responsive group. Additionally, tissue microarray validation results revealed that MAP3K4 significantly predicted patient prognosis. Furthermore, MAP3K4 exhibited a positive association with PD-L1 and a negative relationship with the M1 macrophage markers CD86 and INOS. CONCLUSIONS ICRTGs may be reliable biomarkers for the molecular typing of patients with OVC, enabling the prediction of prognosis and immunotherapy efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Ling
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingrong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huijing Wu
- Department of Medical Affairs, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyong Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwen Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Boliang Ke
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Liu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Godbole N, Quinn A, Carrion F, Pelosi E, Salomon C. Extracellular vesicles as a potential delivery platform for CRISPR-Cas based therapy in epithelial ovarian cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2023; 96:64-81. [PMID: 37820858 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian Cancer (OC) is the most common gynecological malignancy and the eighth most diagnosed cancer in females worldwide. Presently, it ranks as the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality among patients globally. Major factors contributing to the lethality of OC worldwide include delayed diagnosis, chemotherapy resistance, high metastatic rates, and the heterogeneity of subtypes. Despite continuous efforts to develop novel targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents, challenges persist in the form of OC resistance and recurrence. In the last decade, CRISPR-Cas-based genome editing has emerged as a powerful tool for modifying genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, holding potential for treating numerous diseases. However, a significant challenge for therapeutic applications of CRISPR-Cas technology is the absence of an optimal vehicle for delivering CRISPR molecular machinery into targeted cells or tissues. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained traction as potential delivery vehicles for various therapeutic agents. These heterogeneous, membrane-derived vesicles are released by nearly all cells into extracellular spaces. They carry a molecular cargo of proteins and nucleic acids within their intraluminal space, encased by a cholesterol-rich phospholipid bilayer membrane. EVs actively engage in cell-to-cell communication by delivering cargo to both neighboring and distant cells. Their inherent ability to shield molecular cargo from degradation and cross biological barriers positions them ideally for delivering CRISPR-Cas ribonucleoproteins (RNP) to target cells. Furthermore, they exhibit higher biocompatibility, lower immunogenicity, and reduced toxicity compared to classical delivery platforms such as adeno-associated virus, lentiviruses, and synthetic nanoparticles. This review explores the potential of employing different CRISPR-Cas systems to target specific genes in OC, while also discussing various methods for engineering EVs to load CRISPR components and enhance their targeting capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nihar Godbole
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander Quinn
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Flavio Carrion
- Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile
| | - Emanuele Pelosi
- Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Australia; Departamento de Investigación, Postgrado y Educación Continua (DIPEC), Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Alba, Santiago, Chile.
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5
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Duwa R, Jeong JH, Yook S. Immunotherapeutic strategies for the treatment of ovarian cancer: current status and future direction. J IND ENG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Zhang F, Feng Z, Zhang Y, Liu Z, Sun X, Jin S. Determination of the optimal volume of ascitic fluid for the precise diagnosis of malignant ascites. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:327-332. [PMID: 30900607 PMCID: PMC6784429 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_547_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to determine the optimal volume of peritoneal effusion required to diagnose malignant ascites. PATIENTS AND METHODS The authors recruited 123 patients with shifting dullness and obtained 123 peritoneocentesis fluid samples. The samples were divided into seven aliquots of 10, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mL for cytopathological examination. The sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated for each aliquot. RESULTS The sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant ascites gradually increased as the sample volume increased and reached a constant value at a volume of 200 mL. The sensitivity and NPV for the 10-, 100-, and 150-mL volumes were significantly different from those for the 200-mL sample. However, the sensitivity and NPV for the 250- and 300-mL volumes were not significantly different. The sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant ascites is closely related to the volume of peritoneal fluid that is extracted by peritoneocentesis. CONCLUSION We suggest a volume of 200 mL as the optimal minimum volume to confirm malignant ascites in patients with shifting dullness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zhenning Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yichi Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Zishuai Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xiaoli Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shizhu Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shizhu Jin, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China. E-mail:
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Lindemann K, Beale PJ, Rossi E, Goh JC, Vaughan MM, Tenney ME, Martyn JK, Sommeijer D, Iglesias JL, Kremmidiotis G, Simpson J, Doolin E, Lavranos TC, Leske A, Veillard AS, Espinoza D, Stockler MR, Rischin D. Phase I study of BNC105P, carboplatin and gemcitabine in partially platinum-sensitive ovarian cancer patients in first or second relapse (ANZGOG-1103). Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2018; 83:97-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s00280-018-3706-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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8
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Non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 2 (NCK2) pathways as factor promoting aggressiveness in ovarian cancer. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 33:124-131. [PMID: 29218693 DOI: 10.5301/ijbm.5000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we investigated the function of the non-catalytic region of tyrosine kinase adaptor protein 2 (NCK2) and its correlation with ITGB1 and ITGB4 integrins in driving ovarian cancer (OvCa) aggressiveness. We also evaluated whether NCK2 may influence prognosis in OvCa patients. METHODS Nanofluidic technology was used to analyze expression of NCK2 in 332 OvCa patients. To evaluate mRNA expression of NCK2, integrins and VEGFA in OvCa cell lines, qRT-PCR was performed. Stable NCK2 overexpression was obtained in OVCAR3. qRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to evaluate expression changes of VEGFA, vimentin, ITGB1, ITGB4, MMP2 and MMP9 under normoxia and hypoxia conditions. Coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP) was performed in the A2780 cell line to study the interaction between NCK2 and proteins of interest. To investigate whether NCK2 can influence anchorage-independent growth, a soft agar assay was completed. Transwell invasion assay was performed on stable-transfected OVCAR-3 cell lines. RESULTS Nanofluidic data showed NCK2 can play an important role as a factor promoting tumor aggressiveness and survival in OvCa. This role was also linked to the behaviors of ITGB1 and ITGB4. Moreover, in cells overexpressing NCK2, the expression of vimentin, MMP2, MMP9, VEGFA and ITGB1, but not of ITGB4 was induced by hypoxia. Co-IP showed that NCK2 can directly bind ITGB1, but not VEGFA. NCK2 may be involved in mediating cell-extracellular matrix interactions in OvCa cells by influencing tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence of a possible role of NCK2 as biomarker of OvCa progression.
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Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) Polymorphisms and Serum VEGF Levels in Women With Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, Benign Tumors, and Healthy Ovaries. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2018; 27:1088-1095. [PMID: 28574932 DOI: 10.1097/igc.0000000000001006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the relation of 5 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) gene in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), compared with patients carrying benign tumors or healthy ovaries. We studied serum VEGF levels and the relation with SNPs and association between VEGF SNPs and haplotypes with progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with cancer. METHODS The genotyping of VEGF gene polymorphisms (-2578 C/A, -1154 G/A, -460 T/C, +405 G/C, +936 C/T) was performed in DNA isolated from blood samples of 100 women. The different genotypes were evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein concentration was assessed in serum using solid-phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS We found statistically significant differences in the distribution of VEGF genotypes among the 3 groups of patients: -2578 C/A between those with EOC and healthy ovary (P = 0.04), -460 T/C between those with EOC and healthy ovary (P = 0.03), and -460 T/C between those with benign tumors and healthy ovary (P = 0.02). Vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels were analyzed in patients with EOC. Higher levels were found in patients with clear cell carcinoma compared with those with serous, mucinous, or endometrioid tumors (P < 0.05). No clear association was observed between VEGF SNPs and serum VEGF levels. There was no significant correlation between VEGF SNPs and PFS. In haplotype analysis, CGTCT and CGTGT showed worse prognosis without reaching the statistical significance. CGCGC and AGTGC haplotypes had statistically significant differences among patients with EOC, benign tumors, and healthy ovaries (Ps = 0.046 and 0.041, respectively). CONCLUSIONS The distribution of VEGF genotypes was different in patients with EOC, compared with those with benign tumors or women with healthy ovaries. Vascular endothelial growth factor serum levels were higher in patients with clear cell carcinoma. No correlation was found with improved PFS, but CGTCT and CGTGT haplotypes showed worse prognosis.
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10
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Huang B, Yin M, Li X, Cao G, Qi J, Lou G, Sheng S, Kou J, Chen K, Yu B. Migration-inducing gene 7 promotes tumorigenesis and angiogenesis and independently predicts poor prognosis of epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:27552-66. [PMID: 27050277 PMCID: PMC5053671 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian carcinomas (EOC) cause more mortality than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. New therapeutic approaches to reduce EOC mortality have been largely unsuccessful due to the poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying EOC proliferation and metastasis. Progress in EOC treatment is further hampered by a lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers for early risk assessment. In this study, we identify that Migration-Inducting Gene 7 (MIG-7) is specifically induced in human EOC tissues but not normal ovaries or ovarian cyst. Ovarian MIG-7 expression strongly correlated with EOC progression. Elevated MIG-7 level at the time of primary cytoreductive surgery was a strong and independent predictor of poor survival of EOC patients. Cell and murine xenograft models showed that MIG-7 was required for EOC proliferation and invasion, and MIG-7 enhanced EOC-associated angiogenesis by promoting the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Inhibiting MIG-7 by RNA interference in grafted EOC cells retarded tumor growth, angiogenesis and improved host survival, and suppressing MIG-7 expression with a small molecule inhibitor D-39 identified from the medicinal plant Liriope muscari mitigated EOC growth and invasion and specifically abrogated the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Our data not only reveal a critical function of MIG-7 in EOC growth and metastasis and support MIG-7 as an independent prognostic biomarker for EOC, but also demonstrate that therapeutic targeting of MIG-7 is likely beneficial in the treatment of EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bihui Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Mingzhu Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA.,Yale Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Guosheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ge Lou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shijie Sheng
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Junping Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Perinatology Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Tumor Biology and Microenvironment Program, Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Center and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA.,Mucosal Immunology Studies Team, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Boyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Products and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Evaluation and Translational Research, Department of Complex Prescription of TCM, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Vergote IB, Smith DC, Berger R, Kurzrock R, Vogelzang NJ, Sella A, Wheler J, Lee Y, Foster PG, Weitzman R, Buckanovich RJ. A phase 2 randomised discontinuation trial of cabozantinib in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Cancer 2017; 83:229-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2017.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Grunewald T, Ledermann JA. Targeted Therapies for Ovarian Cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2017; 41:139-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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13
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Corlan AS, Cîmpean AM, Jitariu AA, Melnic E, Raica M. Endocrine Gland-Derived Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor/Prokineticin-1 in Cancer Development and Tumor Angiogenesis. Int J Endocrinol 2017; 2017:3232905. [PMID: 28386275 PMCID: PMC5366234 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3232905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A lot of data suggests endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) to be restricted to endocrine glands and to some endocrine-dependent organs. Many evidences show that EG-VEGF stimulates angiogenesis and cell proliferation, although it is not a member of the VEGF family. At the time, a lot of data regarding the role of this growth factor in normal development are available. However, controversial results have been published in the case of pathological conditions and particularly in malignant tumors. Thus, our present paper has been focused on the role of EG-VEGF in normal tissues and various malignant tumors and their angiogenic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Silvia Corlan
- Department of Endocrinology, “Vasile Goldis” University of Arad, Arad, Romania
| | - Anca Maria Cîmpean
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
- *Anca Maria Cîmpean:
| | - Adriana-Andreea Jitariu
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
| | - Eugen Melnic
- Department of Pathology, “Nicolae Testemitanu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chișinău, Moldova
| | - Marius Raica
- Department of Microscopic Morphology/Histology, Angiogenesis Research Center, “Victor Babeș” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timișoara, Timișoara, Romania
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Kim BR, Lee SH, Park MS, Seo SH, Park YM, Kwon YJ, Rho SB. MARCKSL1 exhibits anti-angiogenic effects through suppression of VEGFR-2-dependent Akt/PDK-1/mTOR phosphorylation. Oncol Rep 2015; 35:1041-8. [PMID: 26555156 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate-like 1 (MARCKSL1) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of apoptosis and has been shown to maintain antitumor and metastasis-suppressive properties. In the present study, we examined the effects of MARCKSL1 as a novel anti-angiogenic agent on the inhibition of angiogenesis-mediated cell migration. MARCKSL1 also reduced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) proliferation, as well as capillary-like tubular structure formation in vitro. MARCKSL1 disrupted phosphorylation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in ovarian tumorigenesis. In addition, MARCKSL1 showed potent anti-angiogenic activity and reduced the levels of VEGF and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression, an essential regulator of angiogenesis. Consistently, MARCKSL1 decreased VEGF‑induced phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway components, including phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK-1), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC-2), p70 ribosomal protein S6 kinase (p70S6K), and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) protein. Collectively, our results provide evidence for the physiological/biological function of an endothelial cell system involved in angiogenesis through suppression of Akt/PDK-1/mTOR phosphorylation by interaction with VEGFR-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi‑do 449‑714, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Sun Park
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Seo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Min Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sung Kyun Kwan University, Jangan-gu, Suwon‑si, Gyeonggi‑do 440‑746, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Joo Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Global Top 5 Program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410‑769, Republic of Korea
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Sápi J, Kovács L, Drexler DA, Kocsis P, Gajári D, Sápi Z. Tumor Volume Estimation and Quasi-Continuous Administration for Most Effective Bevacizumab Therapy. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0142190. [PMID: 26540189 PMCID: PMC4635016 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bevacizumab is an exogenous inhibitor which inhibits the biological activity of human VEGF. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of bevacizumab therapy according to different cancer types but these days there is an intense debate on its utility. We have investigated different methods to find the best tumor volume estimation since it creates the possibility for precise and effective drug administration with a much lower dose than in the protocol. Materials and Methods We have examined C38 mouse colon adenocarcinoma and HT-29 human colorectal adenocarcinoma. In both cases, three groups were compared in the experiments. The first group did not receive therapy, the second group received one 200 μg bevacizumab dose for a treatment period (protocol-based therapy), and the third group received 1.1 μg bevacizumab every day (quasi-continuous therapy). Tumor volume measurement was performed by digital caliper and small animal MRI. The mathematical relationship between MRI-measured tumor volume and mass was investigated to estimate accurate tumor volume using caliper-measured data. A two-dimensional mathematical model was applied for tumor volume evaluation, and tumor- and therapy-specific constants were calculated for the three different groups. The effectiveness of bevacizumab administration was examined by statistical analysis. Results In the case of C38 adenocarcinoma, protocol-based treatment did not result in significantly smaller tumor volume compared to the no treatment group; however, there was a significant difference between untreated mice and mice who received quasi-continuous therapy (p = 0.002). In the case of HT-29 adenocarcinoma, the daily treatment with one-twelfth total dose resulted in significantly smaller tumors than the protocol-based treatment (p = 0.038). When the tumor has a symmetrical, solid closed shape (typically without treatment), volume can be evaluated accurately from caliper-measured data with the applied two-dimensional mathematical model. Conclusion Our results provide a theoretical background for a much more effective bevacizumab treatment using optimized administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Sápi
- Research and Innovation Center of Obuda University, Physiological Controls Group, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Levente Kovács
- Research and Innovation Center of Obuda University, Physiological Controls Group, Obuda University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dániel András Drexler
- Department of Control Engineering and Information Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Pál Kocsis
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Gajári
- Preclinical Imaging Center, Gedeon Richter Plc., Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Sápi
- 1st Department of Pathology and Experimental Cancer Research, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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Ranjbar R, Nejatollahi F, Nedaei Ahmadi AS, Hafezi H, Safaie A. Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) in Patients With Serous Ovarian Carcinoma and Their Clinical Significance. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF CANCER PREVENTION 2015; 8:e3428. [PMID: 26478789 PMCID: PMC4606373 DOI: 10.17795/ijcp-3428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has an essential role in tumor metastasis by inducing the construction of abnormal blood vessels. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is involved in different parts of cancer growth such as tumor initiation, angiogenesis and metastasis. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of VEGF and EGFR in ovarian cancer in southern Iran and to assess the correlation between expression of these two markers and patients’ age, tumor stage, and grade. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 50 paraffin blocks of serous ovarian adenocarcinomas and 50 paraffin-embedded specimens from control individuals operated for reasons other than malignancy were immunohistochemically stained using anti-human VEGF and EGFR antibodies. Results: A significant difference in the frequency of positive expression of VEGF was observed in ovarian cancer patients (25.0%) compared with the control group (8.0%) (P = 0.023). A significant difference between EGFR expression in patients (56.8%) and controls (24.0%) was also obtained (P = 0.001). No significant correlation between VEGF and EGFR expression and patients’ age, tumor grade and stage were detected (P > 0.05). Conclusions: The significant increase in both VEGF and EGFR in the patients with ovarian cancer compared to healthy individuals could have prognostic value. Identifying these markers may be useful for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic strategies for patients with serous ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Foroogh Nejatollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran ; Shiraz HIV/AIDS Research Center, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Ahmad Sina Nedaei Ahmadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Hossein Hafezi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Akbar Safaie
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Abstract
The majority of women with ovarian cancer present with advanced disease, and ultimately relapse following primary surgery and platinum-taxane chemotherapy. Despite recent advances in the development of targeted agents in ovarian cancer, survival rates remain poor. The promising activity of bevacizumab, a VEGF receptor inhibitor, has stimulated research on the use of additional anti-angiogenic agents in ovarian cancer. Pazopanib, an oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, targets VEGF receptor-1, -2 and -3, platelet-derived growth factor receptor-α and -β and c-kit; resulting in the inhibition of angiogenesis and tumor proliferation. Early phase studies have demonstrated promising efficacy and tolerability. To date, there has been one Phase III trial of pazopanib in ovarian cancer, demonstrating a progression-free survival benefit in women treated with maintenance pazopanib following primary surgery and systemic therapy. This article summarizes the preclinical and clinical data of pazopanib in ovarian cancer, highlighting future research options for this agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer McLachlan
- a Gynaecology Unit, The Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, 203 Fulham Road, London, SW3 6JJ, UK
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18
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Kim BR, Lee EJ, Seo SH, Lee SH, Rho SB. Dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) obstructs VEGFR-2/Akt/mTOR signaling cascade by interacting of β2-microglobulin (β2M) in ovarian tumorigenesis. Cell Signal 2015; 27:2150-9. [PMID: 26278164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a possible mechanism of β2-microglobulin (β2M) function in cancer metastases in vitro, using a human ovarian carcinoma cell line. β2M, a modulator acts as a cell growth-promoting and cellular signaling factors, was identified as a dickkopf-3 (DKK-3) interacting protein. We also observed that DKK-3 suppresses endothelial cell angiogenesis of β2M through vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) in tumorigenesis. Luciferase activity was remarkably reduced by the transfection of DKK-3 in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, over-expression of β2M activates cell growth by suppressing DKK-3-induced apoptosis. The effect of β2M on cell cycle and apoptosis-regulatory components was also confirmed through the silencing of β2M expression. Furthermore, induction of β2M-mediated VEGFR-2/Akt/mTOR phosphorylation and tumor angiogenesis was significantly suppressed by over-expression of DKK-3. Taken together, our results suggest an underlying mechanism for an increase of β2M-related activity in ovarian tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ju Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chung-Ang University School of Medicine, Chung-Ang University Hospital, 224-1, Heuksuk-Dong, Dongjak-Gu, Seoul 156-755, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hoon Lee
- Department of Life Science, Yong In University, 470, Samga-dong, Cheoin-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do 449-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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Glass K, Quackenbush J, Spentzos D, Haibe-Kains B, Yuan GC. A network model for angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:115. [PMID: 25888305 PMCID: PMC4408593 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0551-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We recently identified two robust ovarian cancer subtypes, defined by the expression of genes involved in angiogenesis, with significant differences in clinical outcome. To identify potential regulatory mechanisms that distinguish the subtypes we applied PANDA, a method that uses an integrative approach to model information flow in gene regulatory networks. Results We find distinct differences between networks that are active in the angiogenic and non-angiogenic subtypes, largely defined by a set of key transcription factors that, although previously reported to play a role in angiogenesis, are not strongly differentially-expressed between the subtypes. Our network analysis indicates that these factors are involved in the activation (or repression) of different genes in the two subtypes, resulting in differential expression of their network targets. Mechanisms mediating differences between subtypes include a previously unrecognized pro-angiogenic role for increased genome-wide DNA methylation and complex patterns of combinatorial regulation. Conclusions The models we develop require a shift in our interpretation of the driving factors in biological networks away from the genes themselves and toward their interactions. The observed regulatory changes between subtypes suggest therapeutic interventions that may help in the treatment of ovarian cancer. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12859-015-0551-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Glass
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. .,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - John Quackenbush
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Dimitrios Spentzos
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Benjamin Haibe-Kains
- Princess Margaret Cancer Center, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 2M9, Canada.
| | - Guo-Cheng Yuan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Baharara J, Amini E, Mousavi M. The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic effect of the methanol extract from brittle star. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2015; 3:68-75. [PMID: 26989740 PMCID: PMC4757044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-angiogenic therapy is a crucial step in cancer treatment. The discovery of new anti-angiogenic compounds from marine organisms has become an attractive concept in anti-cancer therapy. Because little data correlated to the pro- and anti-angiogenic efficacies of Ophiuroidea, which include brittle star, the current study was designed to explore the anti-angiogenic potential of brittle star methanol extract in vitro and in vivo. METHODS The anti-proliferative effect of brittle star extract on A2780cp cells was examined by MTT assays, and transcriptional expression of VEGF and b-FGF was evaluated by RT-PCR. In an in vivo model, 40 fertilized Ross eggs were divided into control and three experimental groups. The experimental groups were incubated with brittle star extract at concentrations of 25, 50 and 100 µg/ml, and photographed by photo-stereomicroscopy. Ultimately, numbers and lengths of vessels were measured by Image J software. Data were analyzed with SPSS software (p<0.05). RESULTS Results illustrated that the brittle star extract exerted a dose- and time-dependent anti-proliferative effect on A2780cp cancer cells. In addition, VEGF and b-FGF expression decreased with brittle star methanol extract treatment. Macroscopic evaluations revealed significant changes in the second and third experimental group compared to controls (p<0.05). CONCLUSION These finding revealed the anti-angiogenic effects of brittle star methanol extract in vitro and in vivo confer novel insight into the application of natural marine products in angiogenesis-related pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Baharara
- Research Center for Animal Development Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Faculty of Biological sciences, Developmental Biology, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Mousavi
- Cell & Developmental Biology Research center for Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
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21
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Potential application of curcumin and its analogues in the treatment strategy of patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21703-22. [PMID: 25429431 PMCID: PMC4284673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151221703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent findings on the molecular basis of ovarian cancer development and progression create new opportunities to develop anticancer medications that would affect specific metabolic pathways and decrease side systemic toxicity of conventional treatment. Among new possibilities for cancer chemoprevention, much attention is paid to curcumin—A broad-spectrum anticancer polyphenolic derivative extracted from the rhizome of Curcuma longa L. According to ClinicalTrials.gov at present there are no running pilot studies, which could assess possible therapeutic benefits from curcumin supplementation to patients with primary epithelial ovarian cancer. Therefore, the goal of this review was to evaluate potential preclinical properties of curcumin and its new analogues on the basis of in vivo and in vitro ovarian cancer studies. Curcumin and its different formulations have been shown to display multifunctional mechanisms of anticancer activity, not only in platinum-resistant primary epithelial ovarian cancer, but also in multidrug resistant cancer cells/xenografts models. Curcumin administered together with platinum-taxane chemotherapeutics have been reported to demonstrate synergistic effects, sensitize resistant cells to drugs, and decrease their biologically effective doses. An accumulating body of evidence suggests that curcumin, due to its long-term safety and an excellent profile of side effects should be considered as a beneficial support in ovarian cancer treatment strategies, especially in patients with platinum-resistant primary epithelial recurrent ovarian cancer or multidrug resistant disease. Although the prospect of curcumin and its formulations as anticancer agents in ovarian cancer treatment strategy appears to be challenging, and at the same time promising, there is a further need to evaluate its effectiveness in clinical studies.
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22
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Ko YB, Kim BR, Yoon K, Choi EK, Seo SH, Lee Y, Lee MA, Yang JB, Park MS, Rho SB. WIF1 can effectively co-regulate pro-apoptotic activity through the combination with DKK1. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2562-72. [PMID: 25086206 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Wnt inhibitory factor-1 (WIF1) is a conserved lipid-binding protein that interrupts Wnt ligands by interacting with their Frizzled receptors. Thus, they may suppress the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin triggered signaling cascade. Recently, we found that WIF1 can effectively co-regulate pro-apoptotic activity through the combination with Dickkopf-1 (DKK1). The tumor suppressor p53 protein expression was remarkably increased in the WIF1- and DKK1-transfected cells, along with p21. In contrast, expressions of the anti-apoptotic proteins, c-Myc and Bcl-2, were noticeably reduced. In addition, WIF1 and/or DKK1 significantly activated the transcription of p21 and p53, whereas c-Myc and Bcl-2 activities were remarkably reduced. The tumor suppressor WIF1 was also found to be capable of suppressing tumor growth through the inhibition of tumor angiogenesis in the cellular biological/physiological condition through the targeting of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, while also being recognized as a Wnt antagonist factor in the Wnt cascade. Consistently, WIF1 conspicuously decreased the VEGF-induced phosphorylation of the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade components, including PDK1, mTOR, TSC-2, GSK-3β, and the p70S6K protein. Collectively, our results indicate for the first time that the tumor suppressor WIF1 is involved in angiogenesis and supplies a possible molecular target for the treatment of distinct malignant cancers, as well as several other associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bok Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Boh-Ram Kim
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungsil Yoon
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Choi
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hee Seo
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeonah Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Min A Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Bo Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 301-721, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Bae Rho
- Research Institute, National Cancer Center, 323, Ilsan-ro, Ilsandong-gu, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 410-769, Republic of Korea.
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Yu HK, Lee HJ, Yun SJ, Lee SJ, Langley RR, Yoon Y, Yi LSH, Bae DS, Kim JS, Kim SJ. Antiangiogenic Therapy with Human Apolipoprotein(a) Kringle V and Paclitaxel in a Human Ovarian Cancer Mouse Model. Transl Oncol 2014; 7:368-76. [PMID: 25180060 PMCID: PMC4145395 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2014.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: The present study compared the effect of combination therapy using human apolipoprotein(a) kringle V (rhLK8) to conventional chemotherapy with paclitaxel for human ovarian carcinoma producing high or low levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Human ovarian carcinoma cells producing high (SKOV3ip1) or low (HeyA8) levels of VEGF were implanted into the peritoneal cavity of female nude mice. Seven days later, mice were randomized into four groups: control (vehicle), paclitaxel [5 mg/kg, weekly intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection], rhLK8 (50 mg/kg, daily i.p. injection), or the combination of paclitaxel and rhLK8. Mice were treated for 4 weeks and examined by necropsy. RESULTS: In mice implanted with SKOV3ip1 cells, rhLK8 treatment had no significant effect on tumor incidence or the volume of ascites but induced a significant decrease in tumor weight compared with control mice. Paclitaxel significantly reduced tumor weight and ascites volume, and combination treatment with paclitaxel and rhLK8 had an additive therapeutic effect. Similarly, in HeyA8 mice, the effect of combination treatment on tumor weight and tumor incidence was statistically significantly greater than that of paclitaxel or rhLK8 alone. Immunohistochemical analysis showed a significant decrease in microvessel density and a marked increase of apoptosis in tumor and tumor-associated endothelial cells in response to combination treatment with paclitaxel and rhLK8. CONCLUSION: Collectively, these results suggest that antiangiogenic therapy with rhLK8 in combination with taxane-based conventional chemotherapy could be effective for the treatment of ovarian carcinomas, regardless of VEGF status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Kyung Yu
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin, Republic of Korea ; Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Jeong Lee
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Seok-Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Joo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University Hospital, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Robert R Langley
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yeup Yoon
- Mogam Biotechnology Research Institute, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Lee S H Yi
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk-Soo Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jang-Seong Kim
- Research Center for Integrative Cellulomics, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Jin Kim
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen X, Paranjape T, Stahlhut C, McVeigh T, Keane F, Nallur S, Miller N, Kerin M, Deng Y, Yao X, Zhao H, Weidhaas JB, Slack FJ. Targeted resequencing of the microRNAome and 3'UTRome reveals functional germline DNA variants with altered prevalence in epithelial ovarian cancer. Oncogene 2014; 34:2125-37. [PMID: 24909162 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is a major cause of cancer deaths, yet there have been few known genetic risk factors identified, the best known of which are disruptions in protein coding sequences (BRCA1 and 2). Recent findings indicate that there are powerful genetic markers of cancer risk outside of these regions, in the noncoding mRNA control regions. To identify additional cancer-associated, functional non-protein-coding sequence germline variants associated with ovarian cancer risk, we captured DNA regions corresponding to all validated human microRNAs and the 3' untranslated regions (UTRs) of ~6000 cancer-associated genes from 31 ovarian cancer patients. Multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3'UTR of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor/FLT1, E2F2 and PCM1 oncogenes were highly enriched in ovarian cancer patients compared with the 1000 Genome Project. Sequenom validation in a case-control study (267 cases and 89 controls) confirmed a novel variant in the PCM1 3'UTR is significantly associated with ovarian cancer (P=0.0086). This work identifies a potential new ovarian cancer locus and further confirms that cancer resequencing efforts should not ignore the study of noncoding regions of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- 1] Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA [2] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T Paranjape
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - C Stahlhut
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - T McVeigh
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland Galway and Galway University, Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - F Keane
- Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S Nallur
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Miller
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland Galway and Galway University, Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - M Kerin
- Discipline of Surgery, National University of Ireland Galway and Galway University, Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - Y Deng
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Yao
- Yale Center for Analytical Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Zhao
- 1] Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA [2] Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA [3] Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J B Weidhaas
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F J Slack
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Del Campo JM, Muñoz-Couselo E, Diaz de Corcuera I, Oaknin A. Trabectedin combined with liposomal doxorubicin in women with relapsed ovarian cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2014; 10:795-805. [DOI: 10.1586/era.10.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Jiang H, Qu L, Wang Y, Cong J, Wang W, Yang X. miR-99a promotes proliferation targeting FGFR3 in human epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2013; 68:163-9. [PMID: 24456664 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs have been reported as important regulators in normal physiological processes, human cancer, and even their roles as therapeutic targets have been proposed. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), the expression of miRNAs is reported to remarkably deregulate, showing that miRNAs are involved in the initiation and progression of this disease. In this study, we found that miR-99a was obviously decreased in EOC tissues, serums and cell lines SKOV-3. Importantly, fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3), predicted to be one target gene of miR-99a using computational algorithms, was higher in expression in EOC cells. Subsequently, FGFR3 was proved to be direct target of miR-99a by dual luciferase assay. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-99a dramatically suppressed expression level of FGFR3 at both mRNA and protein levels, proving FGFR3 to be inversely correlated with miR-99a. Finally, overexpression of miR-99a could significantly inhibit EOC cell proliferation in vitro by decreasing the expression of FGFR3 which also reduced the EOC cell growth after siRNA knockdown. Conclusively, miR-99a expression was remarkably downregulated in serums, tissues and cell and suppresses EOC cell proliferation by targeting FGFR3, suggesting miR-99a as a prospective prognosis marker and potential tumor suppressor for EOC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Jiang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, China; Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 264000 Yantai, China
| | - Luyun Qu
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 264000 Yantai, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 264000 Yantai, China
| | - Jianglin Cong
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 264000 Yantai, China
| | - Wenshuang Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College, 264000 Yantai, China
| | - Xingsheng Yang
- Department of Gynecology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, 250012 Jinan, China.
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Outcomes for Women Receiving Bevacizumab for Treatment of Ovarian Cancer Versus Other Solid Tumors at an Academic Oncology Center. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cogc.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Although epithelial ovarian cancer responds well to chemotherapy, patients presenting with advanced disease still have a poor prognosis. The clear role of angiogenesis in the development and progression of ovarian tumorigenesis has led to the development of several novel antiangiogenic agents; however, questions remain as how to best incorporate such agents into current treatment algorithms. Searches of PubMed (terms: angiogenesis, VEGF, tyrosine kinase inhibitor, bevacizumab and ovarian cancer) and of recent results from key oncology congresses (terms: drug names and ovarian cancer) were performed to identify relevant articles and abstracts. Clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate investigational antiangiogenic agents as a component of first-line chemotherapy, as a treatment option for recurrent disease, and as maintenance therapy for ovarian cancer. The antiangiogenic monoclonal antibody bevacizumab has demonstrated a progression-free survival benefit in combination with first-line paclitaxel/carboplatin and continued as maintenance therapy, and phase II data suggest therapeutic potential for several multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors in ovarian cancer, with phase III results forthcoming for BIBF 1120, cediranib, and pazopanib. Antiangiogenic therapy remains a promising strategy for ovarian cancer, and it is hoped that results from ongoing trials will inform their optimal placement in the treatment paradigm.
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Zoratto F, Benedetti Panici P, Tomao S. Beyond bevacizumab: investigating new angiogenesis inhibitors in ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2013; 23:37-53. [PMID: 24111925 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2013.839657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the advanced stage of the disease at diagnosis, with recent research investigating novel targets and agents into the clinical practice, with the aim to improve prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a significant target for ovarian cancer therapy. AREAS COVERED Areas covered in this review include the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in ovarian cancer patients. These therapeutic strategies comprise monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGF receptor, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietin and Ephrin type-A receptor 2. EXPERT OPINION The expansion in understanding the molecular biology that characterizes cancer cells has led to the rapid development of new agents to target important pathways, but the heterogeneity of ovarian cancer biology indicates that there is no predominant defect. This review attempts to discuss progress till date in tackling a more general target applicable to ovarian cancer angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- 'Sapienza' University of Rome, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Policlinico 'Umberto I' , Rome , Italy
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The role of VEGFR-2 expression in outcomes and survival of patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from appendiceal cancer. Eur J Surg Oncol 2013; 39:1415-22. [PMID: 24075030 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2013.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a prognostic factor and target treatment for metastatic colorectal and ovarian cancer. Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has improved survival on peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from appendiceal cancer. We hypothesize that tumoral high expression of VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) is a negative prognostic factor for survival in patients with PC from appendiceal cancer. METHODS A retrospective study of a prospective database revealed 89 patients with PC from appendiceal cancer who underwent 127 CRS/HIPECs. Surgical specimens from 59 patients were tested to identify high vs. low VEGFR-2 expression. Patient outcomes and survival were analyzed. RESULTS There were 26 males and 33 females. Mean age was 51 years. Forty-seven VEGFR-2 high expressers and 15 low expressers were identified. Mean follow-up of high and low expressers was 25.1 and 26.6 months, respectively (p = 0.806). At follow-up, 33 (70%) high expressers were alive and 14 (30%) deceased, while 11 (92%) low expressers were alive and 1 (8%) deceased. Recurrence, use of bevacizumab, CC score, PCI, and LN status showed no differences between high and low expressers. OS for high expressers was 90.5%, 59.8%, and 47.1% at 1-, 3-, and 5-years, respectively, while OS for low expressers remained stable at 91.7% at 1-, 3-, and 5-years (p = 0.133). CONCLUSION There is a trend towards better outcomes and survival in patients with PC from appendiceal cancer who have low expression of VEGFR-2 compared to high expression. More studies are encouraged to confirm this trend.
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Tomao F, Papa A, Rossi L, Caruso D, Panici PB, Venezia M, Tomao S. Current status of bevacizumab in advanced ovarian cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2013; 6:889-99. [PMID: 23901283 PMCID: PMC3724566 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s46301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer, mainly because of the delay in diagnosis. Recently, much effort has been put into investigating and introducing novel targeted agents into clinical practice, with the aim of improving prognosis and quality of life. Angiogenesis is a possible target. The aim of this review is to investigate the most common molecular pathways of angiogenesis, which have provided novel targets for tailored therapy in patients with ovarian cancer. These therapeutic strategies include monoclonal antibodies and tyrosine-kinase inhibitors. These drugs have as molecular targets vascular endothelial growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors, platelet-derived growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, and angiopoietin. Bevacizumab was investigated in several Phase III studies, with interesting results. Today, there is strong evidence for introducing bevacizumab in the treatment of patients with advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer. Nevertheless, further investigations and large clinical trials are needed to understand the safety and effectiveness of bevacizumab, the optimal duration and timing of treatment, and activity in association with other chemotherapeutic and targeted agents. It also is necessary to identify biologic factors predictive of efficacy to choose the most appropriate antiangiogenic agent in the integrated treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Tomao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Anselmo Papa
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Luigi Rossi
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Davide Caruso
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Benedetti Panici
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Policlinico “Umberto I,” Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Venezia
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
| | - Silverio Tomao
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Oncology Unit, “ICOT,” Latina, Italy
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Yin F, Liu X, Li D, Wang Q, Zhang W, Li L. Bioinformatic analysis of chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 and SPARC-like protein 1 revealing their associations with drug resistance in ovarian cancer. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1305-16. [PMID: 23404140 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 21 (CCL21) and SPARC-like protein 1 (SPARCL1/MAST9/hevin/SC-1) are associated with various biological behavior in the development of cancers. Although the expression of CCL21 and SPARCL1 is downregulated in many solid tumors, their roles in ovarian cancer and their associations with drug resistance have rarely been studied. We performed a comprehensive bioinformatic analysis consisting of motif analysis, literature co-occurrence, gene/protein-gene/protein interaction network, protein-small molecule interaction network, and microRNAs enrichments which revealed that CCL21 and SPARCL1 directly or indirectly interact with a number of genes, proteins, small molecules and pathways associated with drug resistance in ovarian and other cancers. These results suggested that CCL21 and SPARCL1 may contribute to drug resistance in ovarian cancer. This study provided important information for further investigation of drug resistance-related functions of CCL21 and SPARCL1 in ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Yin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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Leone Roberti Maggiore U, Bellati F, Ruscito I, Gasparri ML, Alessandri F, Venturini PL, Ferrero S. Monoclonal antibodies therapies for ovarian cancer. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2013; 13:739-64. [PMID: 23373587 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2013.767328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite aggressive debulking surgery, intraperitoneal therapies and the use of new drugs for chemotherapy, patients with ovarian cancer (OC) still have poor prognosis and, therefore, new strategies for its management are needed. Molecular-targeted agents can be considered a new option in drug research. Several antigens related to OC have been isolated and they could be potential target of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs); therefore, different mAbs have been developed and are emerging as new potential OC treatments. AREAS COVERED This article aims to review the literature on the use of mAbs in the treatment of OC. The purposes of this manuscript are to offer a brief explanation of the mechanisms of action of mAbs and to help readers in understanding the current role of mAbs in the treatment of OC. EXPERT OPINION A deeper knowledge of the molecular biology of OC has brought new developments in targeted therapies. Among these therapies, bevacizumab demonstrated the higher clinical efficacy. Further larger trials are needed to better define the role of the other mAbs in OC treatment. There is a strong need to identify and validate robust biomarkers for a more focused patient selection and for tailoring therapies, optimizing dose and assessing response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Leone Roberti Maggiore
- University of Genoa, San Martino Hospital and National Institute for Cancer Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Largo R. Benzi 1, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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Westin SN, Herzog TJ, Coleman RL. Investigational agents in development for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Invest New Drugs 2013; 31:213-29. [PMID: 22661305 PMCID: PMC4103697 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9837-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Although significant success has been achieved in the treatment of advanced and recurrent ovarian cancer, there is clearly room for improvement. The use of targeted agents in this patient population has the promise to provide improved survival and quality of life. There are a myriad of relevant pathways under exploration in all settings of ovarian cancer. Clinical trial data are accumulating for antiangiogenic therapy, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-specific inhibitors and multiple angiogenic signaling target inhibitors, as well as poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. Other types of tumorigenic pathway inhibitors, including those that target phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), protein kinase B (AKT), Src, folate receptor alpha, and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) pathways are in earlier phases of development for ovarian cancer. Attempts to target the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) of ovarian tumors have been met with limited success; however, newer agents that inhibit this pathway show promise. Finally, with recognition of the role of Wee-1 in p53-deficient tumors, an inhibitor of this tyrosine kinase is being evaluated in recurrent ovarian cancer. The logistical challenge is to determine the optimal timing and proper combinations of novel agents independently as well as concomitantly with conventional chemotherapeutics. Reported results have been modest; however, our growing understanding of these pathways will be potentially reflected in greater impact on response and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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Raja FA, Hook JM, Ledermann JA. Biomarkers in the development of anti-angiogenic therapies for ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2012; 38:662-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Abstract
With about 22,000 new cases estimated in 2012 in the US and 15,500 related deaths, ovarian cancer is a heterogeneous and aggressive disease. Even though most of patients are sensitive to chemotherapy treatment following surgery, recurring disease is almost always lethal, and only about 30% of the women affected will be cured. Thanks to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying ovarian cancer malignancy, new therapeutic options with molecular-targeted agents have become available. This review discusses the rationale behind molecular-targeted therapies and examines how newly identified molecular targets may enhance personalized therapies for ovarian cancer patients.
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Masoumi Moghaddam S, Amini A, Morris DL, Pourgholami MH. Significance of vascular endothelial growth factor in growth and peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2012; 31:143-62. [PMID: 22101807 PMCID: PMC3350632 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-011-9337-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key regulator of angiogenesis which drives endothelial cell survival, proliferation, and migration while increasing vascular permeability. Playing an important role in the physiology of normal ovaries, VEGF has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer. Essentially by promoting tumor angiogenesis and enhancing vascular permeability, VEGF contributes to the development of peritoneal carcinomatosis associated with malignant ascites formation, the characteristic feature of advanced ovarian cancer at diagnosis. In both experimental and clinical studies, VEGF levels have been inversely correlated with survival. Moreover, VEGF inhibition has been shown to inhibit tumor growth and ascites production and to suppress tumor invasion and metastasis. These findings have laid the basis for the clinical evaluation of agents targeting VEGF signaling pathway in patients with ovarian cancer. In this review, we will focus on VEGF involvement in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer and its contribution to the disease progression and dissemination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samar Masoumi Moghaddam
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Afshin Amini
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
| | - Mohammad H. Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217 Australia
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Phase II study of NGR-hTNF in combination with doxorubicin in relapsed ovarian cancer patients. Br J Cancer 2012; 107:37-42. [PMID: 22644293 PMCID: PMC3389423 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2012.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The NGR-hTNF (asparagine–glycine–arginine–human tumour necrosis factor) is able to promote antitumour immune responses and to improve the intratumoural doxorubicin uptake by selectively damaging tumour blood vessels. Methods: Patients progressing after ⩾1 platinum/taxane-based regimen received NGR-hTNF 0.8 μg m−2 and doxorubicin 60 mg m−2 every 3 weeks. Primary endpoint was a Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors-defined response rate with a target of more than 6 out of 37 responding patients. Results: A total of 37 patients with platinum-free interval lower than 6 months (PFI<6; n=25), or between 6 and 12 months (PFI=6–12; n=12) were enrolled. Median baseline peripheral blood lymphocyte count (PBLC) was 1.6 per ml (interquartile range, 1.2–2.1). In all, 18 patients (49%) received more than 6 cycles. Febrile neutropaenia was registered in one patient (3%). Among 35 assessable patients, 8 (23% 95% CI 12–39%) had partial response (2 with PFI<6; 6 with PFI=6–12) and 15 (43%) had stable disease (10 with PFI<6; 5 with PFI=6–12). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 5.0 months for all patients, 3.8 months for patients with PFI<6, and 7.8 months for patients with PFI=6–12. Median overall survival (OS) was 17.0 months. Patients with baseline PBLC higher than the first quartile had improved PFS (P=0.01) and OS (P=0.001). Conclusion: Tolerability and activity of this combination warrant further randomised testing in patients with PFI<6. The role of PBLC as a blood-based biomarker deserves further investigation.
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Increased endothelial cell selectivity of triazole-bridged dihalogenated A-ring analogues of combretastatin A–1. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:1749-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Revised: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 01/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
C/EBPα (CEBPA) is mutated in approximately 8 % of AML in both familial and sporadic AML and, with FLT3 and NPM1, has received most attention as a predictive marker of outcome in patients with normal karyotype disease. Mutations clustering to either the N- or C-terminal (N-and C-ter) portions of the protein have different consequences on the protein function. In familial cases the N-ter form is inherited with patients exhibiting long latency period before the onset of overt disease, typically with the acquisition of a C-ter mutation. Despite the essential insights murine models provide the functional consequences of wild-type C/EBPα in human hematopoiesis and how different mutations are involved in AML development have received less attention. Our data underline the critical role of C/EBPα in human hematopoiesis and demonstrate that C/EBPα mutations (alone or in combination) are insufficient to convert normal human hematopoietic stem/progenitors (HSC/HPCs) into leukemic initiating cells, although individually each altered normal hematopoiesis. It provides the first insight into the effects of N- and C-terminal mutations acting alone and to the combined effects of N/C double mutants. Our results mimicked closely what happens in CEBPA mutated patients.
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Hiss D. Optimizing molecular-targeted therapies in ovarian cancer: the renewed surge of interest in ovarian cancer biomarkers and cell signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2012; 2012:737981. [PMID: 22481932 PMCID: PMC3306947 DOI: 10.1155/2012/737981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The hallmarks of ovarian cancer encompass the development of resistance, disease recurrence and poor prognosis. Ovarian cancer cells express gene signatures which pose significant challenges for cancer drug development, therapeutics, prevention and management. Despite enhancements in contemporary tumor debulking surgery, tentative combination regimens and abdominal radiation which can achieve beneficial response rates, the majority of ovarian cancer patients not only experience adverse effects, but also eventually relapse. Therefore, additional therapeutic possibilities need to be explored to minimize adverse events and prolong progression-free and overall response rates in ovarian cancer patients. Currently, a revival in cancer drug discovery is devoted to identifying diagnostic and prognostic ovarian cancer biomarkers. However, the sensitivity and reliability of such biomarkers may be complicated by mutations in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 genes, diverse genetic risk factors, unidentified initiation and progression elements, molecular tumor heterogeneity and disease staging. There is thus a dire need to expand existing ovarian cancer therapies with broad-spectrum and individualized molecular targeted approaches. The aim of this review is to profile recent developments in our understanding of the interrelationships among selected ovarian tumor biomarkers, heterogeneous expression signatures and related molecular signal transduction pathways, and their translation into more efficacious targeted treatment rationales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donavon Hiss
- Molecular Oncology Research Laboratory, Department of Medical BioSciences, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, South Africa
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Abstract
Notwithstanding continuing efforts to improve the primary treatment for ovarian cancer, most patients will ultimately develop recurrent disease. The benefits of detection and early systemic treatment of recurrence are now in doubt following the presentation of the MRC/EORTC CA125 surveillance trial. The impact of secondary cytoreductive surgery on survival requires more investigation. The role of antiangiogenic and other biological agents such as PARP inhibitors is becoming increasingly important for patients as an addition or alternative to the more conventional cytotoxic therapies available. Uncertainties and choices abound both in the treatment of recurrent ovarian cancer and the timing of such interventions. This article not only explores how to treat these patients but also the controversial issue of when to treat. Educating and involving the patient in decisions about their treatment options is of paramount importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK.
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43
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Bell-McGuinn K, Konner J, Tew W, Spriggs D. New drugs for ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2011; 22 Suppl 8:viii77-viii82. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Amini A, Masoumi Moghaddam S, Morris DL, Pourgholami MH. Utility of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in the treatment of ovarian cancer: from concept to application. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2011; 2012:540791. [PMID: 21961001 PMCID: PMC3180777 DOI: 10.1155/2012/540791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2011] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 05/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the management of ovarian cancer, it remains the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to play a pivotal role in the progression of ovarian cancer leading to the eventual development of malignant ascites. On this basis, agents rendering VEGF ineffective by neutralizing VEGF (bevacizumab), blocking its receptors (aflibercept), or interfering with the postreceptor signaling pathways (sunitinib) provide us with the rational treatment options. These agents are generally used in combination with the standard chemotherapeutic drugs. Here, we discuss the basis of and the logic behind the use of these agents in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as their evaluation in different preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Amini
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital (SESIAHS), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Samar Masoumi Moghaddam
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital (SESIAHS), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - David L. Morris
- Department of Surgery, St George Hospital (SESIAHS), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Mohammad H. Pourgholami
- Cancer Research Laboratories, Department of Surgery, St George Hospital (SESIAHS), The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
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Hsueh SP, Hsu WB, Wen CC, Wang WB. SV40 T/t-common polypeptide inhibits angiogenesis and growth of HER2-overexpressing human ovarian cancer. Cancer Gene Ther 2011; 18:859-70. [PMID: 21869825 DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2011.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is frequently overexpressed in human ovarian cancers and its overexpression is associated with increased angiogenesis, increased metastasis and reduced survival. Inhibition of HER2 in HER2-overexpressing cancers can lead to reduced angiogenesis and improved survival. Previously, we reported that SV40 T/t-common polypeptide has transcriptional repression activity and can inhibit HER2 expression. In this study, we investigated the effect of T/t-common on the angiogenesis-inducing activity of HER2-overexpressing human SK-OV-3 ovarian cancer cells. We found that compared to conditioned medium from control SK-OV-3 cancer cells, conditioned medium from T/t-common-expressing SK-OV-3 cells had a reduced ability to induce endothelial cell migration and tube formation in vitro and microvessel formation in vivo. These data indicate that T/t-common can inhibit the ability of SK-OV-3 cancer cells to induce angiogenesis. T/t-common was found to be able to downregulate the expression of several proangiogenic factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor-A, interleukin-8, basic fibroblast growth factor, matrix metalloproteinase-2 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator, and upregulate antiangiogenic factors, including thrombospondin-1 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases-1 in SK-OV-3 cancer cells. Finally, we demonstrated that T/t-common could inhibit the angiogenesis and growth of HER2-overexpressing human ovarian tumor in NOD/SCID mice. Taken together, the data suggest that T/t-common had the potential to be developed as a new antiangiogenic agent specific for treating HER2-overexpressing ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-P Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Crane LMA, van Oosten M, Pleijhuis RG, Motekallemi A, Dowdy SC, Cliby WA, van der Zee AGJ, van Dam GM. Intraoperative imaging in ovarian cancer: fact or fiction? Mol Imaging 2011; 10:248-57. [PMID: 21521557 PMCID: PMC3763956 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2011.00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2010] [Accepted: 10/09/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-targeted fluorescence imaging for cancer diagnosis and treatment is an evolving field of research that is on the verge of clinical implementation. As each tumor has its unique biologic profile, selection of the most promising targets is essential. In this review, we focus on target finding in ovarian cancer, a disease in which fluorescence imaging may be of value in both adequate staging and in improving cytoreductive efforts, and as such may have a beneficial effect on prognosis. Thus far, tumor-targeted imaging for ovarian cancer has been applied only in animal models. For clinical implementation, the five most prominent targets were identified: folate receptor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor receptor, chemokine receptor 4, and matrix metalloproteinase. These targets were selected based on expression rates in ovarian cancer, availability of an antibody or substrate aimed at the target approved by the Food and Drug Administration, and the likelihood of translation to human use. The purpose of this review is to present requirements for intraoperative imaging and to discuss possible tumor-specific targets for ovarian cancer, prioritizing for targets with substrates ready for introduction into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia M A Crane
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Targeting angiogenesis in ovarian cancer. Cancer Treat Rev 2011; 38:272-83. [PMID: 21764518 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2011.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Results of standard chemotherapy in ovarian cancer are hampered by the development of drug resistance leading to disease recurrence. This prompted interest in the development of therapies targeting critical pathways responsible for tumor progression. Angiogenesis is a key process that enables ovarian cancer growth and metastasis in the peritoneal space. Its regulation relies on signaling mechanisms initiated by the vascular endothelial growth factor, the platelet-derived growth factor, the fibroblast growth factor, angiopoietins, and others. These pathways are not only important to the modulation of the tumor microenvironment and vasculature, but also control cancer cell proliferation and survival. In this review, we discuss preclinical evidence supporting the rationale for inhibiting these pathways and provide an overview for the clinical development of agents targeting them. Clinical trials evaluating such agents alone and in combination with chemotherapy are ongoing. Early clinical results position antiangiogenic therapy at the forefront of change to the standard treatment of difficult to treat ovarian cancer.
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48
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Nardo G, Favaro E, Curtarello M, Moserle L, Zulato E, Persano L, Rossi E, Esposito G, Crescenzi M, Casanovas O, Sattler U, Mueller-Klieser W, Biesalski B, Thews O, Canese R, Iorio E, Zanovello P, Amadori A, Indraccolo S. Glycolytic phenotype and AMP kinase modify the pathologic response of tumor xenografts to VEGF neutralization. Cancer Res 2011; 71:4214-25. [PMID: 21546569 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-11-0242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
VEGF antagonists are now widely used cancer therapeutics, but predictive biomarkers of response or toxicity remain unavailable. In this study, we analyzed the effects of anti-VEGF therapy on tumor metabolism and therapeutic response by using an integrated set of imaging techniques, including bioluminescence metabolic imaging, 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography, and MRI imaging and spectroscopy. Our results revealed that anti-VEGF therapy caused a dramatic depletion of glucose and an exhaustion of ATP levels in tumors, although glucose uptake was maintained. These metabolic changes selectively accompanied the presence of large necrotic areas and partial tumor regression in highly glycolytic tumors. In addition, we found that the central metabolic protein kinase AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-a cellular sensor of ATP levels that supports cell viability in response to energy stress-was activated by anti-VEGF therapy in experimental tumors. AMPK-α2 attenuation increased glucose consumption, tumor cell sensitivity to glucose starvation, and tumor necrosis following anti-VEGF therapy. Taken together, our findings reveal functional links between the Warburg effect and the AMPK pathway with therapeutic responses to VEGF neutralization in tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Nardo
- Department of Oncology and Surgical Sciences, Oncology Section, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Liby TA, Spyropoulos P, Buff Lindner H, Eldridge J, Beeson C, Hsu T, Muise-Helmericks RC. Akt3 controls vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and angiogenesis in ovarian cancer cells. Int J Cancer 2011; 130:532-43. [PMID: 21351097 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.26010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 01/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The PI3 kinase/Akt pathway is commonly deregulated in human cancers, functioning in such processes as proliferation, glucose metabolism, survival and motility. We have previously described a novel function for one of the Akt isoforms (Akt3) in primary endothelial cells: the control of VEGF-induced mitochondrial biogenesis. We sought to determine if Akt3 played a similar role in carcinoma cells. Because the PI3 kinase/Akt pathway has been strongly implicated as a key regulator in ovarian carcinoma, we tested the role of Akt3 in this tumor type. Silencing of Akt3 by shRNA did not cause an overt reduction in mitochondrial gene expression in a series of PTEN positive ovarian cancer cells. Rather, we find that blockade of Akt3, results in smaller, less vascularized tumors in a xenograft mouse model that is correlated with a reduction in VEGF expression. We find that blockade of Akt3, but not Akt1, results in a reduction in VEGF secretion and retention of VEGF protein in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The reduction in secretion under conditions of Akt3 blockade is, at least in part, due to the down regulation of the resident golgi protein and reported tumor cell marker, RCAS1. Conversely, over-expression of Akt3 results in an increase in RCAS1 expression and in VEGF secretion. Silencing of RCAS1 using siRNA inhibits VEGF secretion. These findings suggest an important role for Akt3 in the regulation of RCAS1 and VEGF secretion in ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiera A Liby
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Jing Y, Lu H, Wu K, Subramanian IV, Ramakrishnan S. Inhibition of ovarian cancer by RGD-P125A-endostatin-Fc fusion proteins. Int J Cancer 2011; 129:751-61. [PMID: 21225621 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that a single point mutation in endostatin at position 125 (P125A) can improve the biological activity of endostatin. Addition of an integrin-targeting moiety, R-G-D, resulted in better localization to tumor vasculature and improved the antiangiogenic activity of endostatin. Because endostatin has relatively shorter serum half-life, frequent dosing was required for inhibiting tumor growth. In our study, we have genetically fused RGD-P125A-endostatin to Fc of IgG4 isotype and evaluated its antiangiogenic and antitumor effects in athymic mice. Two genetic constructs were made, RGD-P125A-endostatin-Fc (RE-Fc) and P125A-endostatin-RGD-Fc (ER-Fc). Both constructs were cloned and expressed in mammalian cells. Purified fusion proteins inhibited endothelial cell migration and proliferation better than yeast-derived P125A-endostatin. Both RE-Fc and ER-Fc inhibited ovarian cancer growth and were found to be as effective as Bevacizumab treatment. Fusion protein showed marked increased half-life. Combination treatment with Bevacizumab and ER-Fc showed additive inhibition of ovarian cancer growth. These studies demonstrate that genetic fusion with human IgG4-Fc increases the half-life of P125A-endostatin and can be used along with Bevacizumab to improve antiangiogenic and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawu Jing
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN55455, USA
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