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Eldehna WM, Al-Ansary GH, Al-Warhi T, Jaballah MY, Elaasser M, Rashed M. Identification of novel ureido benzothiophenes as dual VEGFR-2/EGFR anticancer agents. Bioorg Chem 2024; 143:107037. [PMID: 38134521 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.107037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Presently, dual-targeting by a single small molecule stands out as a fruitful cancer-fighting strategy. Joining the global effort to fight cancer, a leading cause of death worldwide, we report in this study a novel set for benzothiophene-based aryl urea derivatives as potential anti-proliferative candidates endowed with dual VEGFR-2/EGFR inhibitory activities. The prepared ureido benzothiophenes 6a-r have been evaluated for their anticancer action on a panel of tumor cell lines, namely PanC-1, MCF-7, and HepG2 cells. Most newly synthesized benzo[b]thiophene ureas disclosed effective cytotoxic activities against the examined cancer cell lines. In particular, compound 6q, with an appended 4-trifluoromethoxy group on the terminal phenyl ring, exhibited the most significant cytotoxic activity in MCF-7 with IC50 3.86 ± 0.72 ug/mL; IC50 of 3.65 ± 0.18 ug/ml in PanC-1 cell line and an IC50 of 4.78 ± 0.06 ug/ml in HepG2. After that, derivatives that exhibited the most potent cytotoxic activities (6g, 6j, 6q, and 6r) were further evaluated as VEGFR-2 and EGFR inhibitors. Fortunately, they displayed low nanomolar IC50 values against both enzymes, where compound 6q emerged to possess superior inhibitory effects towards both EGFR and VEGFR-2 with IC50 46.6 nM and 11.3 nM simultaneously compared to the reference medications Erlotinib and Sorafenib, respectively. The docked structure of 6q within the catalytic region of VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinases was acquired and studied so that we could investigate potential binding mechanisms for the target ureido benzothiophenes. Hence, the benzothiophene-based aryl urea scaffold has great potential for advancing the development of highly effective dual inhibitors targeting both EGFR and VEGFR-2, which can serve as effective candidates for anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Tarfah Al-Warhi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maiy Y Jaballah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Elaasser
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11651, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Rashed
- Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry & Drug Design Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
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2
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Petrungaro S, de Franchis V, Filippini A, Facchiano A, Gaudio E, Giampietri C. Autophagy impairment in human bile duct carcinoma cells. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249264. [PMID: 37841311 PMCID: PMC10570450 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Bile duct epithelial cells, named cholangiocytes, may undergo a neoplastic transformation leading to cholangiocarcinoma. The role autophagy plays in cancer is still debated and few information are available in cholangiocarcinoma. We report in vitro data, at least in part validated in vivo,i ndicating that autophagy is impaired in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma cells, as compared to healthy cholangiocytes, evaluated through LC3II and p62 Western blot analyses. Autophagy impairment was found to be associated with low expression of TFEB protein and high expression of three proteins i.e., c-FLIP, caspase-10 and cleaved BCLAF-1, as compared to healthy cholangiocytes. We highlight biological effects of autophagy impairment in cholangiocarcinoma showing that autophagy induction, via rapamycin, as well as caspase inhibition, via Q-VD-OPh, are able to reduce proliferation marker PCNA level, colony size and protein content of cultured cholangiocarcinoma cells. The increased protein expression of p62, c-FLIP, caspase-10 observed in vitro in cholangiocarcinoma cells was paralleled by significant increase at gene expression levels in vivo; in fact, significant increase of transcript levels of p62, c-FLIP and caspase-10 was observed in 34 biopsies from human cholangiocarcinoma patients compared to 9 biopsies from 9 healthy controls, as reported in the GEPIA2 public database. The significant increase of p62 level in cholangiocarcinoma was found as a relatively uncommon finding in solid cancers, since it was also found in only 7 cancer types out of 31 cancer types investigated, including melanoma and hepatocarcinoma. In conclusion, we present data suggesting a molecular machinery controlling autophagy in cholangiocytes and autophagy impairment in cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta Petrungaro
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio de Franchis
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Filippini
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Facchiano
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata (IDI-IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Eugenio Gaudio
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia Giampietri
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, Forensic Medicine and Orthopedics, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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3
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Zeng W, Mao R, Zhang Z, Chen X. Combination Therapies for Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2023; 11:490-501. [PMID: 36643047 PMCID: PMC9817051 DOI: 10.14218/jcth.2022.00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are a group of malignant neoplasms that have recently increased in incidence and have a poor prognosis. Surgery is the only curative therapy. However, most patients are only indicated for palliative therapy because of advanced-stage disease at diagnosis and rapid progression. The current first-line treatment for advanced BTC is gemcitabine and cisplatin chemotherapy. Nonetheless, many patients develop resistance to this regimen. Over the years, few chemotherapy regimens have managed to improve the overall survival of patients. Accordingly, novel therapies such as targeted therapy have been introduced to treat this patient population. Extensive research on tumorigenesis and the genetic profiling of BTC have revealed the heterogenicity and potential target pathways, such as EGFR, VEGF, MEK/ERK, PI3K and mTOR. Moreover, mutational analysis has documented the presence of IDH1, FGFR2, HER2, PRKACA, PRKACB, BRAF, and KRAS gene aberrations. The emergence of immunotherapy in recent years has expanded the treatment landscape for this group of malignancies. Cancer vaccines, adoptive cell transfer, and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been extensively investigated in trials of BTC. Therefore, patient stratification and a combination of various therapies have become a reasonable and important clinical strategy to improve patient outcomes. This review elaborates the literature on combined treatment strategies for advanced BTC from the past few years and ongoing clinical trials to provide new inspiration for the treatment of advanced BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zeng
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei key laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ruiqi Mao
- Clinic Center of Human Genomic Research, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Department of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei key laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Correspondence to: Zhanguo Zhang and Xiaoping Chen, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-4975 (ZZ). Tel: +86-27-83663400, Fax: +86-27-83662851, E-mail: (ZZ) and (XC)
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Hubei key laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Diseases, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Correspondence to: Zhanguo Zhang and Xiaoping Chen, Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, 1095 Jiefang Avenue, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4527-4975 (ZZ). Tel: +86-27-83663400, Fax: +86-27-83662851, E-mail: (ZZ) and (XC)
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4
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Khatoon F, Haque S, Hashem A, Mahmoud A, Tashkandi H, Mathkor D, Harakeh S, Alghamdi B, Kumar V. Network-based approach for targeting human kinases commonly associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and cancer. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:1023286. [PMID: 36590916 PMCID: PMC9802580 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.1023286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare progressive and chronic motor neuron degenerative disease for which at present no cure is available. In recent years, multiple genes encode kinases and other causative agents for ALS have been identified. Kinases are enzymes that show pleiotropic nature and regulate different signal transduction processes and pathways. The dysregulation of kinase activity results in dramatic changes in processes and causes many other human diseases including cancers. Methods In this study, we have adopted a network-based system biology approach to investigate the kinase-based molecular interplay between ALS and other human disorders. A list of 62 ALS-associated-kinases was first identified and then we identified the disease associated with them by scanning multiple disease-gene interaction databases to understand the link between the ALS-associated kinases and other disorders. Results An interaction network with 36 kinases and 381 different disorders associated with them was prepared, which represents the complexity and the comorbidity associated with the kinases. Further, we have identified 5 miRNAs targeting the majority of the kinases in the disease-causing network. The gene ontology and pathways enrichment analysis of those miRNAs were performed to understand their biological and molecular functions along with to identify the important pathways. We also identified 3 drug molecules that can perturb the disease-causing network by drug repurposing. Conclusion This network-based study presented hereby contributes to a better knowledge of the molecular underpinning of comorbidities associated with the kinases associated with the ALS disease and provides the potential therapeutic targets to disrupt the highly complex disease-causing network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Khatoon
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar Hashem
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Tashkandi
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Darin Mathkor
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Steve Harakeh
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, and Yousef Abdullatif Jameel Chair of Prophetic Medicine Application, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badra Alghamdi
- Department of Physiology, Neuroscience Unit, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Amity Institute of Neuropsychology and Neurosciences, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India,*Correspondence: Vijay Kumar,
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Kim H, Kim Y, Kim TH, Heo SY, Jung WK, Kang HW. Stimulatory effects of wavelength-dependent photobiomodulation on proliferation and angiogenesis of colorectal cancer. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2022; 234:112527. [PMID: 35914464 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2022.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent decades, the laser treatment of cancer has been introduced as a promising treatment option. Because of the maldistribution of optical energy and an ambiguous boundary between the normal and tumor tissues, laser irradiation can stimulate residual cancer cells, leading to a cancer regrowth. As photobiomodulation (PBM) is involved in an extensive range of cellular responses, profound comprehension of photo-stimulated mechanisms against the cancer cells is required to establish a safety margin for PBM. Therefore, we aimed to identify the stimulant effects of PBM at various wavelengths against the tumor cells to establish a safety margin for the laser treatment. CT26 murine colon cancer cells were exposed to either 405 (BL), 635 (VIS), or 808 (NIR) nm laser lights at the fluences of 0, 10, 30, and 50 J/cm2. In addition, CT26 tumor-bearing mice were irradiated with BL, VIS, or NIR at a fluence of 30 J/cm2. Both the proliferation and angiogenesis potential of the CT26 cells and tumors were evaluated using the MTT assay, western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining analyses. Although cell viability was not statistically significant, BL significantly induced p-ERK upregulation in the CT26 cells, indicating that PBM with BL can stimulate proliferation. In vivo tests showed that the NIR group exhibited the maximum relative tumor volume, and BL yielded a slight increase compared to the control. In the IHC staining and western blot analyses, both BL and NIR increased the expression of EGFR, VEGF, MMP-9, and HIF-1α, which are related to the proliferation and angiogenesis-related factors. Further investigations will be pursued to clarify the molecular pathways that depend on the cancer cell types and laser wavelengths for the establishment of safety guidelines in clinical environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeongeun Kim
- Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hee Kim
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Yeong Heo
- Jeju Marine Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology (KIOST), Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Kyo Jung
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Wook Kang
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Marine-integrated Biomedical Technology Center, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan, Republic of Korea.
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Sahu R, Sharma P, Kumar A. An Insight into Cholangiocarcinoma and Recent Advances in its Treatment. J Gastrointest Cancer 2022; 54:213-226. [PMID: 35023010 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant disease of the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts. This review focuses on various aspects of cholangiocarcinoma such as its associated causes, treatment criteria, and more. METHODS Although it remains a rare malignancy and is the second most common primary malignancy of the liver, the incidence is increasing, especially the incidence of intrahepatic CCA. Several studies suggested that surgery is not only solution; recently, reported targeted drugs may have the potential to become an alternative option. RESULTS This review provides an overview of the current scenario of targeted therapies for CCA, which were tabulated with their current status and it also included its associated causes and its treatment criteria. CONCLUSION Because of its rarity and complexity, surgery remains the preferred treatment in resectable patients. Howerver, the studies suggested that the recently reported drugs may have the potential to be an alternative option for the treatment of CCA and related complications. In addition, this review will certainly benefit the community and researcher for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Sahu
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medical & Allied Sciences, Galgotias University, Greater Noida, 201310, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, 281406, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Knowledge Park-II, 201306, Greater Noida, India
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7
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Cousin S, Cantarel C, Guegan JP, Mazard T, Gomez-Roca C, Metges JP, Bellera C, Adenis A, Korakis I, Poureau PG, Bourcier K, Toulmonde M, Kind M, Rey C, Auzanneau C, Bessede A, Soubeyran I, Italiano A. Regorafenib-avelumab combination in patients with biliary tract cancer (REGOMUNE): a single-arm, open-label, phase II trial. Eur J Cancer 2022; 162:161-169. [PMID: 34998048 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regorafenib has shown substantial clinical activity in patients with advanced biliary tract cancers (BTCs). Preclinical data suggested that this drug modulates antitumour immunity and is synergistic with immune checkpoint inhibition. PATIENTS AND METHODS This is a single-arm, multicentric phase II trial. Regorafenib was given 3 weeks/4, 160 mg quaque die (once a day) (QD); avelumab 10 mg/kg IV was given every two weeks, beginning at C1D15 until progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end-point was the confirmed objective response rate under treatment, as per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours 1.1. The secondary end-points included the following: 1-year non-progression rate; progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival; safety and biomarkers studies performed on sequential tumour samples obtained at baseline and at cycle 2 day 1. RESULTS Thirty-four patients were enrolled in four centres. Twenty-nine patients were assessable for efficacy after central radiological review. The best response was partial response for four patients (13.8%), stable disease for 11 patients (37.9%) and progressive disease for 14 patients (48.3%). The median PFS and overall survival were 2.5 months (95% confidence interval [CI] [1.9-5.5]) and 11.9 months (95%CI [6.2-NA]) respectively. The most common grade 3 or 4 clinical adverse events related to treatment were hypertension (17.6%), fatigue (14.7%) and maculopapular rash (11.8%). High baseline levels of programmed cell death ligand 1 and of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygénase expression were associated with improved outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Regorafenib combined with avelumab has antitumour activity in a subset of heavily pretreated biliary tract cancer population. Further investigations are needed in patients selected based on tumour microenvironment features. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03475953.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Cousin
- Early Phase Trials Unit, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Coralie Cantarel
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thibault Mazard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Regional Du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Carlos Gomez-Roca
- Department of Medical Oncology, IUCT, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Metges
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHRU de Brest - Hôpital Morvan, 2 Avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France
| | - Carine Bellera
- Clinical and Epidemiological Research Unit, INSERM CIC1401, Institut Bergonié, Comprehensive Cancer Center, F-33000, Bordeaux, France; Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, Epicene Team, UMR 1219, F-33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Adenis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Regional Du Cancer de Montpellier, 208 Avenue des Apothicaires, 34298, Montpellier, France
| | - Iphigenie Korakis
- Department of Medical Oncology, IUCT, 1 Avenue Irène Joliot-Curie, 31100, Toulouse, France
| | - Pierre-Guillaume Poureau
- Department of Medical Oncology, CHRU de Brest - Hôpital Morvan, 2 Avenue Foch, 29609, Brest, France
| | - Kevin Bourcier
- Early Phase Trials Unit, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Maud Toulmonde
- Early Phase Trials Unit, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michèle Kind
- Department of Radiology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Céline Auzanneau
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Isabelle Soubeyran
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Early Phase Trials Unit, Institut Bergonié, 229 Cours de L'Argonne, 33000, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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8
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Rimini M, Puzzoni M, Pedica F, Silvestris N, Fornaro L, Aprile G, Loi E, Brunetti O, Vivaldi C, Simionato F, Zavattari P, Scartozzi M, Burgio V, Ratti F, Aldrighetti L, Cascinu S, Casadei-Gardini A. Cholangiocarcinoma: new perspectives for new horizons. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 15:1367-1383. [PMID: 34669536 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2021.1991313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Biliary tract cancer represents a heterogeneous group of malignancies characterized by dismal prognosis and scarce therapeutic options. AREA COVERED In the last years, a growing interest in BTC pathology has emerged, thus highlighting a significant heterogeneity of the pathways underlying the carcinogenesis process, from both a molecular and genomic point of view. A better understanding of these differences is mandatory to deepen the behavior of this complex disease, as well as to identify new targetable target mutations, with the aim to improve the survival outcomes. The authors decided to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent highlights on BTCs, with a special focus on the genetic, epigenetic and molecular alterations, which may have an interesting clinical application in the next future. EXPERT OPINION In the last years, the efforts resulted from international collaborations have led to the identification of new promising targets for precision medicine approaches in the BTC setting. Further investigations and prospective trials are needed, but the hope is that these new knowledge in cooperation with the new technologies and procedures, including bio-molecular and genomic analysis as well radiomic studies, will enrich the therapeutic armamentarium thus improving the survival outcomes in a such lethal and complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Marco Puzzoni
- Medical Oncology, University and University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Federica Pedica
- Department of Pathology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Department of oncology, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Aldo Moro University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Fornaro
- Department of medical oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aprile
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Loi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Department of oncology, Instituto Di Ricovero E Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo Ii" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Vivaldi
- Department of medical oncology, U.O. Oncologia Medica 2 Universitaria, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Pisana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Simionato
- Department of Oncology, San Bortolo General Hospital, Azienda ULSS8 Berica, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zavattari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Unit of Biology and Genetics, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Mario Scartozzi
- Medical Oncology, University and University Hospital of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Valentina Burgio
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ratti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita-Salute University, Italy
| | - Luca Aldrighetti
- Hepatobiliary Surgery Division, IRCCS San Raffaele and Vita-Salute University, Italy
| | - Stefano Cascinu
- Department of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute Hospital, Milan, Italy
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9
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Abourehab MAS, Alqahtani AM, Youssif BGM, Gouda AM. Globally Approved EGFR Inhibitors: Insights into Their Syntheses, Target Kinases, Biological Activities, Receptor Interactions, and Metabolism. Molecules 2021; 26:6677. [PMID: 34771085 PMCID: PMC8587155 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting the EGFR with small-molecule inhibitors is a confirmed valid strategy in cancer therapy. Since the FDA approval of the first EGFR-TKI, erlotinib, great efforts have been devoted to the discovery of new potent inhibitors. Until now, fourteen EGFR small-molecule inhibitors have been globally approved for the treatment of different types of cancers. Although these drugs showed high efficacy in cancer therapy, EGFR mutations have emerged as a big challenge for these drugs. In this review, we focus on the EGFR small-molecule inhibitors that have been approved for clinical uses in cancer therapy. These drugs are classified based on their chemical structures, target kinases, and pharmacological uses. The synthetic routes of these drugs are also discussed. The crystal structures of these drugs with their target kinases are also summarized and their bonding modes and interactions are visualized. Based on their binding interactions with the EGFR, these drugs are also classified into reversible and irreversible inhibitors. The cytotoxicity of these drugs against different types of cancer cell lines is also summarized. In addition, the proposed metabolic pathways and metabolites of the fourteen drugs are discussed, with a primary focus on the active and reactive metabolites. Taken together, this review highlights the syntheses, target kinases, crystal structures, binding interactions, cytotoxicity, and metabolism of the fourteen globally approved EGFR inhibitors. These data should greatly help in the design of new EGFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. S. Abourehab
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Alaa M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bahaa G. M. Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed M. Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
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10
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Rimini M, Casadei-Gardini A. Angiogenesis in biliary tract cancer: targeting and therapeutic potential. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:411-418. [PMID: 33491502 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1881479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms with a complex molecular pathogenesis. The prognosis of metastatic disease is dramatically dismal and therapeutic options are scarce. Systemic chemotherapy is the gold standard for the metastatic disease. However, because of the disappointing results with conventional chemotherapy, investigators have turned to new biological therapeutic options targeting the main molecular pathways, neo-angiogenesis, involved in the disease pathogenesis.Areas covered: This paper examines the rationale of using antiangiogenic therapies in this setting, evaluates the therapeutic implications, and highlights ongoing studies and future perspectives. A Pubmed systematic review of preclinical and clinical data was performed which enabled the composition of this paper.Expert opinion: Amore in-depth understanding of the interplay between the neo-angiogenesis pathways, and the microenvironment will could propel the design new therapeutic strategies. Nowadays, the combination of antiangiogenic drugs and immune check-point inhibitors looks promising, but further, more comprehensive data are necessary to gain afuller picture. In an era of novel technologies and techniques, which includes radiomics, the challenge is to identify the biomarkers of response to antiangiogenic drugs which will permit the selection of patients that are more likely to respond to antiangiogenic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Rimini
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Division of Oncology, University Hospital Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Casadei-Gardini
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,Unit of Oncology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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11
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Sutherland M, Ahmed O, Zaidi A, Ahmed S. Current progress in systemic therapy for biliary tract cancers. JOURNAL OF HEPATO-BILIARY-PANCREATIC SCIENCES 2021; 29:1094-1107. [PMID: 33735541 DOI: 10.1002/jhbp.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are heterogeneous cancers that include cancers of the bile duct and gallbladder. Although they are relatively uncommon, most patients with BTC are diagnosed at advanced-stage disease with high mortality rates. Recently, systemic therapy options for patients with BTC have evolved. This paper reviews recent advancements in systemic therapy and the results of key clinical trials in BTC. METHODS A literature search in PubMed and Google Scholar was performed using keywords related to BTC and systemic therapy. Studies that were presented in major international cancer research conferences were also included. RESULTS The evidence shows that adjuvant capecitabine has been associated with a lower relapse rate in early-stage BTC. In unselected patients with advanced BTC, combination chemotherapy is a standard treatment option. However, with a better understanding of the molecular profile of BTC, there has been a shift toward targeted agents in BTC that have shown promising responses. The evolving data also support the evolving role of immunotherapy in patients with deficient DNA mismatch repair or PD-L1-positive BTC. DISCUSSION Systemic treatment options for BTC have improved. The future identification of new targets, novel compounds, and predictive markers is a key step toward the use of personalized medicine in BTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Osama Ahmed
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Adnan Zaidi
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Shahid Ahmed
- Saskatoon Cancer Center, Saskatchewan Cancer Agency, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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12
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Samatiwat P, Tabtimmai L, Suphakun P, Jiwacharoenchai N, Toviwek B, Kukongviriyapan V, Gleeson MP, Choowongkomon K. The Effect of the EGFR - Targeting Compound 3-[(4-Phenylpyrimidin-2-yl) Amino] Benzene-1-Sulfonamide (13f) against Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:381-390. [PMID: 33639651 PMCID: PMC8190356 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.2.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a noxious malignancy of epithelium of the bile duct with a low response rate to chemotherapy. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway is implicated in the development of cancerous cells, especially CCA. In this study, we report detailed biological profiling of 13f identified from our earlier hit expansion studies. The aim of this work was to expand our understanding of 13f via more detailed investigations of its mechanism of action against KKU-100, KKU-452 and KKU-M156 CCA cells, as well as in comparison to the EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib and non-specific chemotherapeutic agents such as Cisplatin. METHODS Inhibiting EGFR-Kinase, cytotoxicity, clonogenic assay, wound healing and apoptosis were performed. Levels of total expression of EGFR and EGFR phosphorylation proteins were detected. RESULTS 13f was confirmed as an inhibitor of EGFR with an IC50 value against the tyrosine kinase of EGFR of 22 nM and IC50 values for 48 h incubation period were 1.3 ± 1.9, 1.5 ± 0.4 and 1.7 ± 1.1 µM of KKU-100, KKU-452 and KKU-M156, respectively through dose- and time-dependent induction of early apoptosis of CCA cells. The compound also suppressed the clonogenic ability of KKU-100 and KKU-M156 cells stronger than Gefitinib, while potently inhibiting EGF-stimulated CCA cell migratory activity in KKU-452 cells. It was observed that under normal conditions EGFR was activated in CCA cells. EGF-stimulated basal expression of EGFR in KKU-452 cells was suppressed following 13f treatment, which was significantly greater than that of the marketed EGFR inhibitor Gefitinib. CONCLUSION In summary, our study showed that 13f has potent anti-cancer activities including antiproliferation, clonogenic ability and migration through the modulation of EGFR signaling pathway in CCA for the first time. The compound represents an interesting starting point as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in ongoing efforts to improve response rate in CCA patients.<br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Papavee Samatiwat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand.
| | - Lueacha Tabtimmai
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Prapasri Suphakun
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
| | - Nattanan Jiwacharoenchai
- Genetic Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Graduate School, Kasetsart University, 10900, Thailand.
| | | | - Veerapol Kukongviriyapan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand.
| | - M. Paul Gleeson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok. Thailand.
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
- Center for Advanced Studies in Nanotechnology for Chemical, Food and Agricultural Industries, KU Institute for Advanced Studies, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand.
- For Correspondence:
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13
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Sarkis Y, Al Soueidy A, Kourie HR. Will advanced cholangiocarcinoma become a targetable malignancy? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2021; 159:103233. [PMID: 33482346 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2021.103233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma and biliary tract cancers are rare but aggressive tumors that are characterized by an heterogenous molecular and genetic footprint. Genetic aberrations such as FGFR2 fusion and ErBb2 amplification are common in those cancers. Recent studies aimed at exploring the efficacy and benefit of targeted therapy in the treatment of advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Many promising drugs exist and warrant additional investigations. This review will summarize available results and highlight therapeutic strategies incorporated in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara Sarkis
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Amine Al Soueidy
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hampig Raphael Kourie
- Hematology-Oncology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Lebanon
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14
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Mobasheri T, Rayzan E, Shabani M, Hosseini M, Mahmoodi Chalbatani G, Rezaei N. Neuroblastoma-targeted nanoparticles and novel nanotechnology-based treatment methods. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:1751-1775. [PMID: 32735058 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a complicated pediatric tumor, originating from the neural crest, which is the most prevalent in adrenal glands, but may rarely be seen in some other tissues as well. Studies are focused on developing new strategies through novel chemo- and immuno-therapeutic drug targets. Different types of oncogenes such as MYCN, tumor suppressor genes such as p53, and some structural genes such as vascular endothelial growth factor are considered as targets for neuroblastoma therapy. The individual expression patterns in NB cells make them appropriate for this purpose. The combined effect of nano-drug delivery systems and specific drug targets will result in lower systemic side effects, prolonged therapeutic effects, and improvements in the pharmacokinetic properties of the drugs. Some of these novel drug delivery systems with a focus on liposomes as carriers are also discussed. In this review, genes and protein products that are beneficial as drug targets in the treatment of neuroblastoma have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taranom Mobasheri
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Elham Rayzan
- International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.,Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsima Shabani
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,International Hematology/Oncology of Pediatrics Experts (IHOPE), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mina Hosseini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Nima Rezaei
- Research Center for Immunodeficiencies (RCID), Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
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15
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ErBb Family Proteins in Cholangiocarcinoma and Clinical Implications. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072255. [PMID: 32708604 PMCID: PMC7408920 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErBb) family consists of the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; also called ERBB1), ERBB2, ERBB3, and ERBB4. This family is closely associated with the progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CC) through the regulation of cellular networks, which are enhanced during tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemoresistance. Additionally, the constitutive activation of cellular signaling by the overexpression and somatic mutation-mediated alterations conferred by the ErBb family on cholangiocarcinoma and other cancers enhances tumor aggressiveness and chemoresistance by contributing to the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes the recent findings on the molecular functions of the ErBb family and their mutations during the progression of cholangiocarcinoma. It also discusses the developments and applications of various devising strategies for targeting the ErBb family through different inhibitors in various stages of clinical trials, which are essential for improving targeted clinical therapies.
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16
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Functions of FGFR2 corrupted by translocations in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 52:56-67. [PMID: 31899106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma, originating from the biliary duct, represents a subset of liver cancer. With about 8000 new cases of cholangiocarcinoma diagnosed annually in the U.S., these fall into three categories: intrahepatic, peri-hilar, and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Arising from the epithelium of the bile duct, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is a universally fatal malignancy with very few treatment options. The poor prognosis and lack of molecular targeted therapies highlights ICC as a critical unmet medical need. With advances in sequencing technology, numerous chromosomal translocations have been discovered as drivers in cancer initiation and progression. Particularly in ICC, chromosomal translocations involving Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 2 (FGFR2) have been frequently identified, resulting in the creation of oncogenic fusion proteins. At the N-terminus, these fusion proteins share a nearly-identical FGFR2 moiety retaining an intact kinase domain and, at the C-terminus, a dimerization/oligomerization domain provided by different partner genes, including: Periphilin 1 (PPHLN1), Bicaudal family RNA binding protein 1 (BICC1), Adenosylhomocysteinase Like 1 (AHCYL1), and Transforming Acidic Coiled-Coil Containing Protein 3 (TACC3). A number of pre-clinical and clinical trials have shown the effectiveness of FGFR inhibitors in treating FGFR2 fusion-positive ICC patients. However, the efficacy of these inhibitors may be short-lived due to acquired resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of FGFR2 fusions, comparing their structures and mechanism of dimerization, examining the importance of FGFR2 as a partner gene, as well as highlighting the significance of alternative splicing of FGFR2 in these fusion proteins. In addition, we discuss various therapeutic options and their associated potencies in targeting these translocation-induced ICCs.
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17
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Ejaz A, Cloyd JM, Pawlik TM. Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Patients with Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Ann Surg Oncol 2019; 27:552-560. [PMID: 31555936 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-019-07873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) is an aggressive biliary tract cancer (BTC) that arises from the biliary tract epithelium distal to the secondary biliary radicals. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of ICC. Emerging data have highlighted the importance of lymphadenectomy for elucidating patient prognosis as well as the at-risk nodal basins based on tumor location (de Jong et al. in J Clin Oncol 29(23):3140-3145, 2011). Several large randomized controlled trials have recently been published clarifying the role of adjuvant therapy for BTCs (Cloyd and Pawlik in J Oncol Pract 14(12):723-724, 2018). In addition, the molecular understanding of ICC pathogenesis has increased over time, leading to new potential molecular biomarkers and opening opportunities for novel targeted and immunologic therapies (Rizvi et al. in Nat Rev Clin Oncol 15(2):95-111, 2018). These recent advances serve to only improve our understanding of the optimal multidisciplinary treatment of this difficult disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aslam Ejaz
- James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. .,Wexner Medical Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
| | - Jordan M Cloyd
- James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Timothy M Pawlik
- James Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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18
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Bao W, Cao F, Ni S, Yang J, Li H, Su Z, Zhao B. lncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 regulates cell proliferation, migration and invasion by sponging miR-485-5p in human cholangiocarcinoma. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2240-2247. [PMID: 31404302 PMCID: PMC6676717 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FLVCR1 antisense RNA 1 (FLVCR1-AS1) serves a crucial role in many types of cancer; however, to the best of our knowledge, the biological effect of FLVCR1-AS1 in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) remains unclear. The present study aimed to elucidate the involvement of FLVCR1-AS1 in the regulation of human CCA cell growth, migration and invasion, as well as the mechanisms underlying its effect. The expression levels of FLVCR1-AS1 in CCA tumor tissues, adjacent normal tissues, CCA cell lines and a cholangiocyte cell line were determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A significantly higher expression level of FLVCR1-AS1 was identified in CCA tumor tissues and the CCA cell lines HuCCT1 and CCLP1 compared with the normal controls. Short hairpin RNA targeting FLVCR1-AS1 (shFLVCR1-AS1) and a control plasmid (shNC) were transfected into CCA cell lines. Cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion of CCA cells transfected with shFLVCR1-AS1 were significantly suppressed compared with the shNC groups. The expression levels of migration and invasion-associated proteins, including Twist, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9, were also significantly suppressed by shFLVCR1-AS1-treatment. Furthermore, FLVCR1-AS1 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in a xenograft model. Mechanistically, FLVCR1-AS1 was demonstrated to sponge microRNA-485-5p (miR-485-5p) in human CCA. The expression of miR-458-5p was significantly decreased in CCA tissue compared with normal tissue, and Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that FLVCR1-AS1 expression was negatively correlated with miR-485-5p expression in CCA tissues. These results suggested that lncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 may be used as a novel therapeutic target and a potential diagnostic marker for CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Bao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Shubin Ni
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Haidong Li
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Su
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200135, P.R. China
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19
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Saeed A, Park R, Al-Jumayli M, Al-Rajabi R, Sun W. Biologics, Immunotherapy, and Future Directions in the Treatment of Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2019; 18:81-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clcc.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Fouassier L, Marzioni M, Afonso MB, Dooley S, Gaston K, Giannelli G, Rodrigues CMP, Lozano E, Mancarella S, Segatto O, Vaquero J, Marin JJG, Coulouarn C. Signalling networks in cholangiocarcinoma: Molecular pathogenesis, targeted therapies and drug resistance. Liver Int 2019; 39 Suppl 1:43-62. [PMID: 30903728 DOI: 10.1111/liv.14102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a deadly disease. While surgery may attain cure in a minor fraction of cases, therapeutic options in either the adjuvant or advanced setting are limited. The possibility of advancing the efficacy of therapeutic approaches to CCA relies on understanding its molecular pathogenesis and developing rational therapies aimed at interfering with oncogenic signalling networks that drive and sustain cholangiocarcinogenesis. These efforts are complicated by the intricate biology of CCA, which integrates not only the driving force of tumour cell-intrinsic alterations at the genetic and epigenetic level but also pro-tumorigenic cues conveyed to CCA cells by different cell types present in the rich tumour stroma. Herein, we review our current understanding of the mechanistic bases underpinning the activation of major oncogenic pathways causative of CCA pathogenesis. We subsequently discuss how this knowledge is being exploited to implement rationale-based and genotype-matched therapeutic approaches that predictably will radically transform CCA clinical management in the next decade. We conclude by highlighting the mechanisms of therapeutic resistance in CCA and reviewing innovative approaches to combat resistance at the preclinical and clinical level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Marco Marzioni
- Clinic of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ospedali Riuniti - University Hospital, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marta B Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Steven Dooley
- Department of Medicine II, Molecular Hepatology Section, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Kevin Gaston
- Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Cecilia M P Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Elisa Lozano
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Serena Mancarella
- National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Oreste Segatto
- Unit of Oncogenomics and Epigenetics, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Ecole Polytech., Univ. Paris-Sud, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris-Saclay, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jose J G Marin
- Experimental Hepatology and Drug Targeting (HEVEFARM), IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Cédric Coulouarn
- Inserm, Univ Rennes, Inra, Institut NuMeCan (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), Rennes, France
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Abstract
Angiogenesis plays a fundamental role in tumor growth and progression. It is regulated by several growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor protein family (VEGF) and its receptors, which are probably the most important factors responsible for the development of new vessels. The VEGF family includes several members: VEGF-A, VEGF-B, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, VEGF-E, placental growth factor (PlGF), and their receptors VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3. Other relevant factors are represented by angiopoietins, thrombospondin-1, and endothelins. However, since the therapeutic benefit associated with VEGF-targeted therapy is really complex, a better understanding of these pathways will lead to future advances in the use of these agents for clinic management of tumors. Here we present a review regarding the role of angiogenic factors in cholangiocarcinoma, which arise from cholangiocytes, the epithelial cells of bile ducts. They are rare and aggressive neoplasms with a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal cholangiocarcinoma based on their anatomical location. Therefore, the identification of specific signaling pathways or new tumor biomarkers is crucial in order to develop more effective anti-angiogenic therapies.
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22
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Akirin2 is modulated by miR-490-3p and facilitates angiogenesis in cholangiocarcinoma through the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:262. [PMID: 30886152 PMCID: PMC6423123 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1506-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Akirin2 is a key regulator of embryonic development and the innate immunity response. However, this regulator’s role in tumorigenesis especially in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) development has not been thoroughly elucidated to date. In the current work, we used RT-qPCR, western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) to explore the expression level of Akirin2, and the relationship between Akirin2 levels and clinicopathological characteristics was evaluated. The biological functions of Akirin2 were examined in vitro and in vivo by using a lentiviral vector system. Luciferase reporter assays were applied to detect the direct binding relationship between the 3′-UTR of Akirin2 mRNA and miR-490-3p. The results showed that Akirin2 was overexpressed in CCA and this upregulation was associated with a shorter overall survival. Silencing or overexpressing Akirin2 by lentiviral approaches significantly influenced CCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis. An in vivo tumor model further validated the oncogenic effect of Akirin2 on CCA cell growth, metastasis, and angiogenesis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that Akirin2 induced angiogenesis by increasing the expression of VEGFA by activating the IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway. Akirin2 promoted cell migratory and invasive potential by affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. In addition, Akirin2 expression was negatively controlled by miR-490-3p in CCA cells, and miR-490-3p attenuated cell migration and angiogenesis in CCA cells by silencing Akirin2. Taken together, the data indicated that Akirin2 could be regulated by miR-490-3p at the posttranscriptional level and facilitate CCA cell progression via the IL-6/STAT3/VEGFA signaling pathway. The present study may expedite the development of novel therapeutic strategies for CCA.
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Pozo K, Zahler S, Ishimatsu K, Carter AM, Telange R, Tan C, Wang S, Pfragner R, Fujimoto J, Grubbs EG, Takahashi M, Oltmann SC, Bibb JA. Preclinical characterization of tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based targeted therapies for neuroendocrine thyroid cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37662-37675. [PMID: 30701022 PMCID: PMC6340867 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a slow growing neuroendocrine (NE) tumor for which few treatment options are available. Its incidence is rising and mortality rates have remained unchanged for decades. Increasing the repertoire of available treatments is thus crucial to manage MTC progression. Scarcity of patient samples and of relevant animal models are two challenges that have limited the development of effective non-surgical treatments. Here we use a clinically accurate mouse model of MTC to assess the effects and mode of action of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) Vandetanib, one of only two drugs currently available to treat MTC. Effects on tumor progression, histopathology, and tumorigenic signaling were evaluated. Vandetanib blocked MTC growth through an anti-angiogenic mechanism. Furthermore, Vandetanib had an apparent anti-angiogenic effect in a patient MTC sample. Vandetanib displayed minimal anti-proliferative effects in vivo and in human and mouse MTC tumor-derived cells. Based on these results, we evaluated the second-generation TKI, Nintedanib, alone and in combination with the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, Romidepsin, as potential alternative treatments to Vandetanib. Nintedanib showed an anti-angiogenic effect while Romidepsin decreased proliferation. Mechanistically, TKIs attenuated RET-, VEGFR2- and PI3K/AKT/FOXO signaling cascades. Nintedanib alone or in combination with Romidepsin, but not Vandetanib, inhibited mTOR signaling suggesting Nintedanib may have broader anti-cancer applicability. These findings validate the MTC mouse model as a clinically relevant platform for preclinical drug testing and reveal the modes of action and limitations of TKI therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Pozo
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Stefan Zahler
- Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Keisuke Ishimatsu
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angela M Carter
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Rahul Telange
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Chunfeng Tan
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shuaijun Wang
- Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Roswitha Pfragner
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Immunology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Elizabeth Gardner Grubbs
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Masaya Takahashi
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sarah C Oltmann
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - James A Bibb
- Department of Surgery, The University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA.,Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
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24
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Sun W, Patel A, Normolle D, Patel K, Ohr J, Lee JJ, Bahary N, Chu E, Streeter N, Drummond S. A phase 2 trial of regorafenib as a single agent in patients with chemotherapy-refractory, advanced, and metastatic biliary tract adenocarcinoma. Cancer 2018; 125:902-909. [PMID: 30561756 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.31872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biliary tract cancers are rare, aggressive neoplasms. Most patients present with advanced/unresectable or metastatic disease at diagnosis, and no second-line regimen has demonstrated clinical benefit. This was a phase 2 study evaluating the efficacy and safety of regorafenib in patients who had advanced/unresectable or metastatic disease after receiving standard therapy. METHODS In this single arm-study, patients with advanced/unresectable or metastatic biliary tract cancer who failed at least 1 line of systemic chemotherapy received regorafenib once daily on a schedule of 21-days on/7-days off in a 28-day cycle. Patients initially received a standard 160 mg dose. After toxicity assessments in the first 3 patients, the dose was reduced to 120 mg for subsequent patients, as preplanned. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary objectives included overall survival (OS), the objective response rate, and the disease control rate. RESULTS Forty-three patients received at least 1 dose of regorafenib, and 34 patients who received at least 1 cycle of treatment were evaluable for tumor response. The median PFS was 15.6 weeks (90% confidence interval, 12.9-24.7 weeks), and the median OS was 31.8 weeks (90% confidence interval, 13.3-74.3 weeks), with survival rates 40% at 12 months and 32% at 18 months. A partial response was achieved in 5 patients (11%), and 19 had stable disease (44%), for a disease control rate of 56%. The toxicity profile was as expected, with grade 3 and 4 adverse events reported in 40% of patients. The most common toxicities were hypophosphatemia (40%), hyperbilirubinemia (26%), hypertension (23%), and hand-foot skin reaction (7%). CONCLUSIONS The current results suggest promising efficacy of regorafenib in patients with chemotherapy-refractory, advanced/metastatic biliary tract cancer, warranting further studies to confirm its clinical efficacy. There is a clear unmet need for effective therapies in patients who have advanced and metastatic biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijing Sun
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Westwood, Kansas.,University of Kansas Cancer Center, Westwood, Kansas
| | - Anuj Patel
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Harvard University and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Normolle
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Pittsburgh Graduate School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - James Ohr
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Hillman Cancer Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James J Lee
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Hillman Cancer Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathan Bahary
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Hillman Cancer Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward Chu
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and Hillman Cancer Center at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Summer Drummond
- National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Research Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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25
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Crosstalk between cancer cells and endothelial cells: implications for tumor progression and intervention. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:711-724. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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26
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Tanjak P, Thiantanawat A, Watcharasit P, Satayavivad J. Genistein reduces the activation of AKT and EGFR, and the production of IL6 in cholangiocarcinoma cells involving estrogen and estrogen receptors. Int J Oncol 2018; 53:177-188. [PMID: 29693152 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant tumor of the biliary epithelium associated with Opisthorchis viverrini, primary sclerosing cholangitis and hepatitis viral infection. In the global population, men have higher incidence rates for CCA than women; thus, a gender disparity in the progression of chronic inflammation of the biliary duct leading to malignancy may involve the effects of estrogen (E2). Genistein (GE), a prominent phytoestrogen found in soy products, is an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist and a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The present study investigated the effects of GE on the growth of CCA cells by cell viability assay. The effects on signaling proteins were detected by western blot analysis and ELISA. Gene expression was examined by RT-qPCR. Two human intrahepatic CCA cell lines, HuCCA‑1 and RMCCA‑1, were utilized. GE (50‑200 µM) reduced the viability of the two cell lines, and also inhibited the activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT, as evidenced by decreasing protein levels of phosphorylated (p)-EGFR (Tyr1173) and p‑AKT (Ser473), respectively. GE altered the mitogen‑activated protein kinase signaling cascade by mediating decreased protein levels of p‑p38 and increased protein levels of p‑ERK1/2. GE significantly decreased the levels of interleukin 6 (IL6) and induced the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). GE also downregulated the expression of p‑ERα (Ser118) protein and ERα mRNA levels. Finally, GE induced the downregulation of the protein levels of ERβ. Of note, E2 deprivation potentiated the GE-induced reduction of p‑EGFR (Tyr1173) and total AKT proteins and production of IL6, and mediated the downregulation of GE-induced iNOS protein. In conclusion, GE inhibited the growth of human CCA cell lines by reducing the activation of EGFR and AKT, and by attenuating the production of IL6. E2 and ER were also involved in the growth-inhibitory effect of GE in CCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pariyada Tanjak
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Apinya Thiantanawat
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Piyajit Watcharasit
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Jutamaad Satayavivad
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Chulabhorn Research Institute, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
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27
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Tegnebratt T, Lu L, Eksborg S, Chireh A, Damberg P, Nikkhou-Aski S, Foukakis T, Rundqvist H, Holmin S, Kuiper RV, Samen E. Treatment response assessment with (R)-[ 11CPAQ PET in the MMTV-PyMT mouse model of breast cancer. EJNMMI Res 2018; 8:25. [PMID: 29616369 PMCID: PMC5882477 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0380-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The goal of the study was to assess the potential of the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)-2-targeting carbon-11 labeled (R)-N-(4-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)-6-methoxy-7-((1-methyl-3-piperidinyl)methoxy)-4-quinazolineamine ((R)-[11C]PAQ) as a positron emission tomography (PET) imaging biomarker for evaluation of the efficacy of anticancer drugs in preclinical models. Methods MMTV-PyMT mice were treated with vehicle alone (VEH), murine anti-VEGFA antibody (B20-4.1.1), and paclitaxel (PTX) in combination or as single agents. The treatment response was measured with (R)-[11C]PAQ PET as standardized uptake value (SUV)mean, SUVmax relative changes at the baseline (day 0) and follow-up (day 4) time points, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived PyMT mammary tumor volume (TV) changes. Expression of Ki67, VEGFR-2, and CD31 in tumor tissue was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Non-parametric statistical tests were used to evaluate the relation between (R)-[11C]PAQ radiotracer uptake and therapy response biomarkers. Results The (R)-[11C]PAQ SUVmax in tumors was significantly reduced after 4 days in the B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational and B20-4.1.1 monotherapy groups (p < 0.0005 and p < 0.003, respectively). No significant change was observed in the PTX monotherapy group. There was a significant difference in the SUVmax change between the VEH group and B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational group, as well as between the VEH group and the B20-4.1.1 monotherapy group (p < 0.05). MRI revealed significant decreases in TV in the B20-4.1.1/PTX treatment group (p < 0.005) but not the other therapy groups. A positive trend was observed between the (R)-[11C]PAQ SUVmax change and TV reduction in the B20-4.1.1/PTX group. Statistical testing showed a significant difference in the blood vessel density between the B20-4.1.1/PTX combinational group and the VEH group (p < 0.05) but no significant difference in the Ki67 positive signal between treatment groups. Conclusions The results of this study are promising. However, additional studies are necessary before (R)-[11C]PAQ can be approved as a predictive radiotracer for cancer therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tegnebratt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - L Lu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Eksborg
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Chireh
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Damberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Nikkhou-Aski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Comparative Medicine, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Foukakis
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - H Rundqvist
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R V Kuiper
- Core Facility for Morphologic Phenotype Analysis, Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, SE-14183, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - E Samen
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska Experimental Research and Imaging Center, Karolinska University Hospital, SE-17176, Stockholm, Sweden
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28
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Pellat A, Vaquero J, Fouassier L. Role of ErbB/HER family of receptor tyrosine kinases in cholangiocyte biology. Hepatology 2018; 67:762-773. [PMID: 28671339 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The ErbB/HER family comprises four distinct tyrosine kinase receptors, EGFR/ErbB1/HER1, ErbB2/HER2, ErbB3/HER3, and ErbB4/HER4, which trigger intracellular signals at the origin of essential cellular functions, including differentiation, proliferation, survival, and migration. Epithelial cells, named cholangiocytes, that line intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, contribute substantially to biliary secretory functions and bile transport. Although ErbB receptors have been widely studied in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), a malignancy of the biliary tract, knowledge of these receptors in biliary epithelium physiology and in non-malignant cholangiopathies is far from complete. Current knowledge suggests a role for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cholangiocyte specification and proliferation, and in hepatocyte transdifferentiation into cholangiocytes during liver regeneration to restore biliary epithelium integrity. High expression and activation of EGFR and/or ErbB2 were recently demonstrated in biliary lithiasis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, two cholangiopathies regarded as risk factors for CCA. In CCA, ErbB receptors are frequently overexpressed, leading to tumor progression and low prognosis. Anti-ErbB therapies were efficient only in preclinical trials and have suggested the existence of resistance mechanisms with the need to identify predictive factors of therapy response. This review aims to compile the current knowledge on the functions of ErbB receptors in physiology and physiopathology of the biliary epithelium. (Hepatology 2018;67:762-773).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pellat
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
| | - Javier Vaquero
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France.,FONDATION ARC, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Fouassier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Paris, France
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29
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Berretta M, Cavaliere C, Alessandrini L, Stanzione B, Facchini G, Balestreri L, Perin T, Canzonieri V. Serum and tissue markers in hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma: clinical and prognostic implications. Oncotarget 2017; 8:14192-14220. [PMID: 28077782 PMCID: PMC5355172 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HCC represents the sixth most common cancer worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Despite the high incidence, treatment options for advanced HCC remain limited and unsuccessful, resulting in a poor prognosis. Despite the major advances achieved in the diagnostic management of HCC, only one third of the newly diagnosed patients are presently eligible for curative treatments. Advances in technology and an increased understanding of HCC biology have led to the discovery of novel biomarkers. Improving our knowledge about serum and tissutal markers could ultimately lead to an early diagnosis and better and early treatment strategies for this deadly disease. Serum biomarkers are striking potential tools for surveillance and early diagnosis of HCC thanks to the non-invasive, objective, and reproducible assessments they potentially enable. To date, many biomarkers have been proposed in the diagnosis of HCC. Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy, characterized by early lymph node involvement and distant metastasis, with 5-year survival rates of 5%-10%. The identification of new biomarkers with diagnostic, prognostic or predictive value is especially important as resection (by surgery or combined with a liver transplant) has shown promising results and novel therapies are emerging. However, the relatively low incidence of CCA, high frequency of co-existing cholestasis or cholangitis (primary sclerosing cholangitis –PSC- above all), and difficulties with obtaining adequate samples, despite advances in sampling techniques and in endoscopic visualization of the bile ducts, have complicated the search for accurate biomarkers. In this review, we attempt to analyze the existing literature on this argument.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carla Cavaliere
- Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto Taranto, Italy
| | - Lara Alessandrini
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, "G. Pascale" Foundation, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Balestreri
- Department of Radiology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
| | - Tiziana Perin
- Division of Pathology, National Cancer Institute, Aviano (PN), Italy
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30
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Takasawa K, Takasawa A, Osanai M, Aoyama T, Ono Y, Kono T, Hirohashi Y, Murata M, Sawada N. Claudin-18 coupled with EGFR/ERK signaling contributes to the malignant potentials of bile duct cancer. Cancer Lett 2017. [PMID: 28624624 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Our recent work revealed that elevated expression of claudin-18 is involved in bile duct neoplasia. In the present study, we found that wound generation of a cell sheet de novo induced claudin-18 expression in its leading edge, coincident with high mitotic activity. We also found that the suppression of claudin-18 expression significantly reduced cell growth and invasiveness of bile duct cancer cell lines and tumorigenicity in vivo. In addition, an antibody specific to an extracellular loop of claudin-18 showed similar effects on the cells such as cell proliferation. Interestingly, treatment with epidermal growth factor (EGF) and overexpression of RAS oncogene induced claudin-18 expression by activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2. Furthermore, enhanced claudin-18 expression activated ERK1/2. These findings provide evidence for an oncogenic property of claudin-18 in bile duct carcinoma cells via modulation of EGFR/ERK signaling, indicating that claudin-18 is a possible therapeutic target for this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Aoyama
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kono
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Murata
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Norimasa Sawada
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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31
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Sae-Lao T, Tohtong R, Bates DO, Wongprasert K. Sulfated Galactans from Red Seaweed Gracilaria fisheri Target EGFR and Inhibit Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Proliferation. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2017; 45:615-633. [DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x17500367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is increasing in incidence worldwide and is resistant to chemotherapeutic agents, making treatment of CCA a major challenge. Previous studies reported that natural sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) disrupted growth factor receptor activation in cancer cells. The present study, therefore, aimed at investigating the antiproliferation effect of sulfated galactans (SG) isolated from the red seaweed Gracilaria fisheri (G. fisheri) on CCA cell lines. Direct binding activity of SG to CCA cells, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) were determined. The effect of SG on proliferation of CCA cells was investigated. Cell cycle analyses and expression of signaling molecules associated with proliferation were also determined. The results demonstrated that SG bound directly to EGFR. SG inhibited proliferation of various CCA cell lines by inhibiting EGFR and extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERK) phosphorylation, and inhibited EGF-induced increased cell proliferation. Cell cycle analyses showed that SG induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase, down-regulated cell cycle genes and proteins (cyclin-D, cyclin-E, cdk-4, cdk-2), and up-regulated the tumor suppressor protein P53 and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor P21. Taken together, these data demonstrate that SG from G. fisheri inhibited proliferation of CCA cells, and its mechanism of inhibition is mediated, to some extent, by inhibitory effects on EGFR activation and EGFR/ERK signaling pathway. SG presents a potential EGFR targeted molecule, which may be further clinically developed in a combination therapy for CCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rutaiwan Tohtong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David O. Bates
- Cancer Biology, Division of Cancer Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Queen Medical Centre, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
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32
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Ahn DH, Bekaii-Saab T. Biliary cancer: intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma vs. extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma vs. gallbladder cancers: classification and therapeutic implications. J Gastrointest Oncol 2017; 8:293-301. [PMID: 28480068 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2016.10.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary cancers (BCs) are a diverse group of tumors that arise from the bile duct epithelium and are divided into cholangiocarcinomas of the intrahepatic and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EHCC) and cancer of the gallbladder. Despite improvements in treatment and diagnosis, BCs are often diagnosed at an advanced stage and associated with poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recent discoveries have allowed us to have a better understanding of the genomic diversity in BC, and identify genes that are likely contributing to its pathogenesis, proliferation and treatment resistance. Additionally, these advances have allowed us to reason that each anatomic group within BC behave as distinct diseases, with differences in prognosis and outcomes. Based on this knowledge, recent advances have allowed us to identify actionable mutations that form rational therapeutic targets with novel agents, where their relevance will be better understood through the completion of prospective clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Ahn
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ 85054, USA
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33
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Simone V, Brunetti O, Lupo L, Testini M, Maiorano E, Simone M, Longo V, Rolfo C, Peeters M, Scarpa A, Azzariti A, Russo A, Ribatti D, Silvestris N. Targeting Angiogenesis in Biliary Tract Cancers: An Open Option. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020418. [PMID: 28212293 PMCID: PMC5343952 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) are characterized by a bad prognosis and the armamentarium of drugs for their treatment is very poor. Although the inflammatory status of biliary tract represents the first step in the cancerogenesis, the microenvironment also plays a key role in the pathogenesis of BTCs, promoting tumor angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis. Several molecules, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF), are involved in the angiogenesis process and their expression on tumor samples has been explored as prognostic marker in both cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer. Recent studies evaluated the genomic landscape of BTCs and evidenced that aberrations in several genes enrolled in the pro-angiogenic signaling, such as FGF receptor-2 (FGFR-2), are characteristic of BTCs. New drugs targeting the signaling pathways involved in angiogenesis have been tested in preclinical studies both in vitro and in vivo with promising results. Moreover, several clinical studies tested monoclonal antibodies against VEGF and tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the VEGF and the MEK/ERK pathways. Herein, we evaluate both the pathogenic mechanisms of BTCs focused on angiogenesis and the preclinical and clinical data available regarding the use of new anti-angiogenic drugs in these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Simone
- Operative Unit of Internal Medicine, Hospital "F.Ferrari", 73042 Casarano (Le), Italy.
| | - Oronzo Brunetti
- Medical Oncology Unit, Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Luigi Lupo
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Institute of General Surgery and Liver Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Mario Testini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, Unit of Endocrine, Digestive and Emergency Surgery, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Eugenio Maiorano
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, Operating Unit of Pathological Anatomy, "Aldo Moro" University, 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Michele Simone
- Surgical Oncology Unit, Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Vito Longo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Hospital of Taranto, 74010 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Phase I-Early Clinical Trials Unit, Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital & Center for Oncological Research, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- ARC-NET (Applied Research on Cancer-Network) Research Centre, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathology, University of Verona, 37134 Verona, Italy.
| | - Amalia Azzariti
- Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology Unit, Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Russo
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Oral Sciences, Section of Medical Oncology, University of Palermo, 90144 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, 70124 Bari, Italy.
- Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
| | - Nicola Silvestris
- Medical Oncology Unit, Cancer Institute "Giovanni Paolo II", 70124 Bari, Italy.
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Kim D, Ko HS, Park GB, Hur DY, Kim YS, Yang JW. Vandetanib and ADAM inhibitors synergistically attenuate the pathological migration of EBV-infected retinal pigment epithelial cells by regulating the VEGF-mediated MAPK pathway. Exp Ther Med 2017; 13:1415-1425. [PMID: 28413487 PMCID: PMC5377331 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular signals induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) are implicated in choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and thus, are associated with vision-limiting complications in the human retina. Vandetanib is an oral anticancer drug that selectively inhibits the activities of VEGF receptor and epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase; however, the effects of vandetanib on VEGF in retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells have not yet been studied. In the present study, a combined treatment of vandetanib and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) protein inhibitors were used to assess the regulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-infected ARPE19 cells (ARPE19/EBV) migration as a model of CNV. Vandetanib suppressed the expression of the mesenchymal markers ADAM10 and ADAM17 in ARPE19/EBV cells, and also upregulated epithelial cell markers of the RPE cells, E-cadherin and N-cadherin. The migratory activity of ARPE19/EBV induced by VEGF was efficiently blocked by vandetanib. Furthermore, co-treatment with vandetanib and an ADAM10 inhibitor (GI254023X) or ADAM17 inhibitor (Marimastat) synergistically prevented migration and the expression of vimentin, Snail and α-smooth muscle actin by regulating extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase. These results suggest that a combination treatment of vandetanib and ADAM inhibitors may be developed as a novel therapeutic regimen to control retina neovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daejin Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Suk Ko
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Ga Bin Park
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Hur
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Seok Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Wook Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea.,Ocular Neovascular Disease Research Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Busan 614-735, Republic of Korea
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35
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Serafini FM, Radvinsky D. The pathways of genetic transformation in cholangiocarcinogenesis. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:554-558. [PMID: 27720541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive malignancy that originates from the epithelial cells of the biliary duct system. Depending on the anatomical location, CCA can be considered extrahepatic (eCCA) or intrahepatic (iCCA) (1). Two thirds of CCAs involve the extrahepatic biliary system, whereas the rest are confined within the liver parenchyma, beyond the secondary biliary radicals (2). Due to its biological aggressiveness and difficulty in diagnosis, the majority of patients with CCA are unresectable at presentation and the overall 5-year survival is approximately five percent (4). This article focuses on the genetic and epigenetic alterations present in cholangiocarcinomas, their occasional relationship to external stimuli, and with an emphasis on those unanswered questions about cholangiocarcinogenesis and future directions in the comprehension of epigenetic DNA methylation in patients with CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco M Serafini
- Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY, United States; SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States.
| | - David Radvinsky
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, United States
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36
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Viterbo D, Gausman V, Gonda T. Diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in pancreaticobiliary malignancy. World J Gastrointest Endosc 2016; 8:128-142. [PMID: 26862363 PMCID: PMC4734972 DOI: 10.4253/wjge.v8.i3.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) are two malignancies that carry significant morbidity and mortality. The poor prognoses of these cancers are strongly related to lack of effective screening modalities as well as few therapeutic options. In this review, we highlight novel biomarkers that have the potential to be used as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive markers. The focus of this review is biomarkers that can be evaluated on endoscopically-obtained biopsies or brush specimens in the pre-operative setting. We also provide an overview of novel serum based markers in the early diagnosis of both PDAC and CCA. In pancreatic cancer, the emphasis is placed on prognostic and theranostic markers, whereas in CCA the utility of molecular markers in diagnosis and prognosis are highlighted.
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Kabir MZ, Feroz SR, Mukarram AK, Alias Z, Mohamad SB, Tayyab S. Interaction of a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, vandetanib with human serum albumin as studied by fluorescence quenching and molecular docking. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 34:1693-704. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2015.1089187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Md. Zahirul Kabir
- Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shevin R. Feroz
- Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Kadir Mukarram
- Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Zazali Alias
- Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saharuddin B. Mohamad
- Faculty of Science, Bioinformatics Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics for Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Saad Tayyab
- Faculty of Science, Biomolecular Research Group, Biochemistry Programme, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Faculty of Science, Centre of Research for Computational Sciences and Informatics for Biology, Bioindustry, Environment, Agriculture and Healthcare, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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de Aguiar RB, Parise CB, Souza CRT, Braggion C, Quintilio W, Moro AM, Navarro Marques FL, Buchpiguel CA, Chammas R, de Moraes JZ. Blocking FGF2 with a new specific monoclonal antibody impairs angiogenesis and experimental metastatic melanoma, suggesting a potential role in adjuvant settings. Cancer Lett 2015; 371:151-60. [PMID: 26655277 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Compelling evidence suggests that fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), overexpressed in melanomas, plays an important role in tumor growth, angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic use of a new anti-FGF2 monoclonal antibody (mAb), 3F12E7, using for that the B16-F10 melanoma model. The FGF2 neutralizing effect of this antibody was certified by in vitro assays, which allowed the further track of its possible in vivo application. 3F12E7 mAb could be retained in B16-F10 tumors, as shown by antibody low-pH elution and nuclear medicine studies, and also led to reduction in number and size of metastatic foci in lungs, when treatment starts one day after intravenous injection of B16-F10 cells. Such data were accompanied by decreased CD34(+) tumor vascular density and impaired subcutaneous tumor outgrowth. Treatments starting one week after melanoma cell intravenous injection did not reduce tumor burden, remaining the therapeutic effectiveness restricted to early-adopted regimens. Altogether, the presented anti-FGF2 3F12E7 mAb stands as a promising agent to treat metastatic melanoma tumors in adjuvant settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Barbosa de Aguiar
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Arnaldo 251, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Bellini Parise
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Rosal Teixeira Souza
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Arnaldo 251, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila Braggion
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Quintilio
- Laboratório de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria Moro
- Laboratório de Biofármacos em Células Animais, Instituto Butantan, Avenida Vital Brasil 1500, 05503-900 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fabio Luiz Navarro Marques
- Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Trav. Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos s/n, 05403-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto Buchpiguel
- Centro de Medicina Nuclear, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Trav. Rua Dr. Ovídio Pires de Campos s/n, 05403-010 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Departamento de Radiologia e Oncologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Dr Arnaldo 251, 01246-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Jane Zveiter de Moraes
- Departamento de Biofísica, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023-062 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Cui Y, Zhang C, Li X, Liu H, Yin B, Xu T, Zhang Y, Wang D. Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Monitoring the Early Response to ZD6474 from Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in Nude Mouse. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16389. [PMID: 26574153 PMCID: PMC4648100 DOI: 10.1038/srep16389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Early therapeutic effects of anti-angiogenic agent ZD6474 upon nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in nude mouse were monitored by using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Mice bearing NPC underwent IVIM DWI at baseline and after 1, 3, and 7 days of treatment with ZD6474 or vehicle (n = 12 per group). Parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), true diffusion coefficient (D), perfusion fraction (f), and blood pseudodiffusion coefficient (D*) at different time points were compared between the two groups or within the treated group. In the treated group, the perfusion-related parameters f and D* of the tumors decreased significantly on day 1 while the diffusion-related parameters ADC and D were significantly higher beginning on day 3 compared with the control group. The decreases in f on day 1 and D* on day 3 were moderately correlated with the smaller tumor size change on day 7. Moderate correlations were established between MVD and f and D* as well as between increased TUNEL or decreased Ki-67 index and ADC and D. This study supports that IVIM DWI is sensitive to detect the ZD6474-induced changes in NPC in nude mouse and the f parameter could predict early response to anti-angiogenic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Caiyuan Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiaoming Li
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Bing Yin
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Tianyong Xu
- MR Advanced Application and Research Center, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- MR Advanced Application and Research Center, GE Healthcare China, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dengbin Wang
- Department of Radiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
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Gandin V, Ferrarese A, Dalla Via M, Marzano C, Chilin A, Marzaro G. Targeting kinases with anilinopyrimidines: discovery of N-phenyl-N'-[4-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]urea derivatives as selective inhibitors of class III receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16750. [PMID: 26568452 PMCID: PMC4645160 DOI: 10.1038/srep16750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase inhibitors are attractive drugs/drug candidates for the treatment of cancer. The most recent literature has highlighted the importance of multi target kinase inhibitors, although a correct balance between specificity and non-specificity is required. In this view, the discovery of multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitors with subfamily selectivity is a challenging goal. Herein we present the synthesis and the preliminary kinase profiling of a set of novel 4-anilinopyrimidines. Among the synthesized compounds, the N-phenyl-N’-[4-(pyrimidin-4-ylamino)phenyl]urea derivatives selectively targeted some members of class III receptor tyrosine kinase family. Starting from the structure of hit compound19 we synthesized a further compound with an improved affinity toward the class III receptor tyrosine kinase members and endowed with a promising antitumor activity both in vitro and in vivo in a murine solid tumor model. Molecular modeling simulations were used in order to rationalize the behavior of the title compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Gandin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
| | - Alessandro Ferrarese
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
| | - Martina Dalla Via
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
| | - Cristina Marzano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
| | - Adriana Chilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
| | - Giovanni Marzaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo, I-35131, Padova (Italy)
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An Omics Perspective on Molecular Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Therapeutics of Cholangiocarcinoma. Int J Genomics 2015; 2015:179528. [PMID: 26421274 PMCID: PMC4572471 DOI: 10.1155/2015/179528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is an aggressive biliary tract malignancy arising from the epithelial bile duct. The lack of early diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic measures results in severe outcomes and poor prognosis. Thus, effective early diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers are required to improve the prognosis and prolong survival rates in CCA patients. Recent advancement in omics technologies combined with the integrative experimental and clinical validations has provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of CCA initiation and progression as well as clues towards novel biomarkers. This work highlights the discovery and validation of molecular markers in CCA identified through omics approaches. The possible roles of these molecules in various cellular pathways, which render CCA carcinogenesis and progression, will also be discussed. This paper can serve as a reference point for further investigations to yield deeper understanding in the complex feature of this disease, potentially leading to better approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics.
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42
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Huang Y, Li X, Zhao Y. Progression of targeted therapy in advanced cholangiocarcinoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2015; 27:122-7. [PMID: 25937773 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.1000-9604.2015.04.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It is necessary to establish an effective therapy to improve the survival of patients with advanced cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Recently, with the development of pathology research in CCA, a lot of special bio-markers such as EGFR, VEGF, HER2, and MEK et al. could be over expression or mutations in CCA patients. According to their changes, combinations of targeted therapy plus chemotherapy are now recognized as effective therapies for advanced CCA. The aim of this paper is to analyze recent promising studies about targeted therapy alone or combination with each other or with chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Huang
- 1 Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing 100038, China ; 2 Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- 1 Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing 100038, China ; 2 Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yunbo Zhao
- 1 Oncology Department, Beijing Hospital of the Ministry of Health, Beijing 100038, China ; 2 Oncology Department, Chinese PLA General hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Mao ZY, Zhu GQ, Xiong M, Ren L, Bai L. Prognostic value of neutrophil distribution in cholangiocarcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:4961-4968. [PMID: 25945010 PMCID: PMC4408469 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i16.4961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils in the tumor microenvironment with the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma.
METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-four formalin-fixed and paraffin embedded tissue blocks were analyzed, including tissues from cholangiocarcinoma (n = 254), and tumor adjacent tissues (n = 238). Tissue sections were stained for CD15 using immunohistochemical staining. CD15 expression was detected to identify the distribution of neutrophils in the local tumor microenvironment. The neutrophil density of the tumor tissues and the adjacent tumor tissues was detected to reflect their inflammatory status. Clinical data and follow-up information of cholangiocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship between clinicopathological features and the distribution of neutrophils with prognosis of the patients were analyzed.
RESULTS: The positive expression level of CD15 was only significantly related to the TNM stage. CD15 expression was higher in tumor tissues than in adjacent tissues (73.6% vs 54.6%), with significant differences. Patients with high expression of CD15 had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) than those with low expression of CD15 (median overall survival time 39.77 mo vs 16.87 mo, P = 0.008). Patients with high CD15 expression had significantly shorter disease free survival time (DFS) than those with low expression of CD15 (median DFS 38.27 mo vs 16.83 mo, P = 0.029). COX multivariate analysis indicated that high CD15 expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor for predicting OS for patients with cholangiocarcinoma [P = 0.012, relative risk (RR) = 1.601], but it was not an independent risk factor for predicting DFS (P = 0.073, RR = 1.462).
CONCLUSION: Patients with high CD15 expression in cancer tissues had shorter DFS and OS. High expression of CD15 is an independent risk factor for OS.
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Mao ZY, Zhu GQ, Ren L, Guo XC, Su D, Bai L. Prognostic Value of C-met Expression in Cholangiocarcinoma. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2015; 15:227-33. [PMID: 25873560 DOI: 10.1177/1533034615578959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To explore the relationship of clinicopathological features and the proteins of C-met expression in the prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. Methods: Clinical data and the completed follow-up information of patients with cholangiocarcinoma who underwent cholangiocarcinoma operation from January 2004 to December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively. The relationship of clinicopathological features and C-met in the prognosis of the patients was analyzed. Results: Patients with high expression of C-met had significantly shorter overall survival than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .003). Patients with high C-met expression had significantly shorter disease-free survival time than those with low expression of C-met, the difference being statistically significant ( P = .009). By COX multivariate analysis, high C-met expression in tumor tissues was an independent risk factor in predicting overall survival and disease-free survival for patients with cholangiocarcinoma ( P = .038, .048, relative risk = 1.390, 1.427). Conclusion: Patients with high C-met expression in cancer tissues had shorter disease-free survival and overall survival. High expression of C-met is an independent risk factor for overall survival and disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Yuan Mao
- Department of Oncology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Guang-Qing Zhu
- Department of Oncology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Li Ren
- Department of Pathology, Air Force General Hospital of PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Chuan Guo
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bai
- Department of Oncology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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45
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Zhang F, Li L, Yang X, Wang B, Zhao J, Lu S, Yu X. Expression and activation of EGFR and STAT3 during the multistage carcinogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma induced by 3'-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene in rats. J Toxicol Pathol 2015; 28:79-87. [PMID: 26028817 PMCID: PMC4444506 DOI: 10.1293/tox.2014-0047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) signal pathway contributes to the carcinogenesis of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) induced by 3’-methyl-4 dimethylaminoazobenzene (3’Me-DAB) in rats. EGFR, TGFα, STAT3 and p-STAT3 in different stages of carcinogenesis were detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). In situ hybridization (ISH) was applied to investigate the expression of STAT3 mRNA. Oval cells were verified by the immunohistochemical staining of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), CD133 and epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM). Sequential development of necrosis, oval cell proliferation, cholangiofibrosis (CF) and ICC was observed in the liver of rats administered 3’Me-DAB. Oval cells showed positive expression of AFP, CD133 and EpCAM. The expression of EGFR was significantly higher in the ICC than in oval cells, CF or normal bile ducts (p<0.05), but there was no difference in EGFR expression between the other groups. The highest expression of p-STAT3 and TGFα was observed in CF. The expression of these two molecules in the ICC and oval cells was significantly higher than in normal bile ducts (p<0.05). Elevation of STAT3 mRNA was detected during carcinogenesis as shown by ISH, strong intensity was observed in the ICC and moderate intensity was observed in oval cells and CF. These observations suggest that the EGFR and STAT3 signal pathway contributes to the carcinogenesis of ICC. High activity of STAT3 during the carcinogenesis of ICC may be the result of high activity of EGFR triggered by TGFα.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Lianhong Li
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Xingwu Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Jinyao Zhao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Shilun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiaotang Yu
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
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46
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Santoro A, Gebbia V, Pressiani T, Testa A, Personeni N, Arrivas Bajardi E, Foa P, Buonadonna A, Bencardino K, Barone C, Ferrari D, Zaniboni A, Tronconi MC, Cartenì G, Milella M, Comandone A, Ferrari S, Rimassa L. A randomized, multicenter, phase II study of vandetanib monotherapy versus vandetanib in combination with gemcitabine versus gemcitabine plus placebo in subjects with advanced biliary tract cancer: the VanGogh study. Ann Oncol 2014; 26:542-7. [PMID: 25538178 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of biliary tract cancers (BTCs) is complex due to limited data on the optimal therapeutic approach. This phase II multicenter study evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of vandetanib monotherapy compared with vandetanib plus gemcitabine or gemcitabine plus placebo in patients with advanced BTC. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were randomized in a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio to three treatment groups: vandetanib 300 mg monotherapy (V), vandetanib 100 mg plus gemcitabine (V/G), gemcitabine plus placebo (G/P). Vandetanib (300 mg or 100 mg) or placebo was given in single oral daily doses. Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m(2) was i.v. infused on day 1 and day 8 of each 21-day cycle. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary end points were: objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate, overall survival, duration of response, performance status and safety outcomes. RESULTS A total of 173 patients (mean age 63.6 years) were recruited at 19 centers across Italy. Median (95% confidence intervals) PFS (days) were 105 (72-155), 114 (91-193) and 148 (71-225), respectively, for the V, V/G and G/P treatment groups, with no statistical difference among them (P = 0.18). No statistical difference between treatments was observed for secondary end points, except ORR, which slightly favored the V/G combination over other treatments. The proportion of patients reporting adverse events (AEs) was similar for the three groups (96.6% in V arm, 91.4% in the V/G arm and 89.3% in the G/P arm). CONCLUSIONS Vandetanib treatment did not improve PFS in patients with advanced BTC. The safety profile of vandetanib did not show any additional AEs or worsening of already known AEs. CLINICAL TRIAL NUMBER NCT00753675.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Santoro
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan
| | - V Gebbia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nursing Home 'La Maddalena', Palermo
| | - T Pressiani
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan
| | - A Testa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nursing Home 'La Maddalena', Palermo
| | - N Personeni
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan
| | - E Arrivas Bajardi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nursing Home 'La Maddalena', Palermo
| | - P Foa
- Department of Medical Oncology, 'San Paolo' University Hospital, Milan
| | | | - K Bencardino
- Niguarda Cancer Center, Ospedale Niguarda Ca' Granda, Milan
| | - C Barone
- Department of Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del S. Cuore, Rome
| | - D Ferrari
- Department of Medical Oncology, 'San Paolo' University Hospital, Milan
| | - A Zaniboni
- Department of Oncology, 'Poliambulanza' Foundation, Brescia
| | - M C Tronconi
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan
| | - G Cartenì
- Department of Oncology, Cardarelli Hospital, Naples
| | - M Milella
- Medical Oncology A, Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome
| | - A Comandone
- Department of Oncology, Gradenigo Hospital, Turin
| | - S Ferrari
- Oncology Unit, AstraZeneca, Basiglio, Italy
| | - L Rimassa
- Medical Oncology and Hematology Unit, Humanitas Cancer Center, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan
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47
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Chimote G, Sreenivasan J, Pawar N, Subramanian J, Sivaramakrishnan H, Sharma S. Comparison of effects of anti-angiogenic agents in the zebrafish efficacy-toxicity model for translational anti-angiogenic drug discovery. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2014; 8:1107-23. [PMID: 25170251 PMCID: PMC4145829 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s55621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Anti-angiogenic therapy in certain cancers has been associated with improved control of tumor growth and metastasis. Development of anti-angiogenic agents has, however, been saddled with higher attrition rate due to suboptimal efficacy, narrow therapeutic windows, or development of organ-specific toxicities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the translational ability of the zebrafish efficacy–toxicity model to stratify anti-angiogenic agents based on efficacy, therapeutic windows, and off-target effects to streamline the compound selection process in anti-angiogenic discovery. Methods The embryonic model of zebrafish was employed for studying angiogenesis and toxicity. The zebrafish were treated with anti-angiogenic compounds to evaluate their effects on angiogenesis and zebrafish-toxicity parameters. Angiogenesis was measured by scoring the development of subintestinal vessels. Toxicity was evaluated by calculating the median lethal concentration, the lowest observed effect concentration, and gross morphological changes. Results of efficacy and toxicity were used to predict the therapeutic window. Results In alignment with the clinical outcomes, the zebrafish assays demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR) inhibitors are the most potent anti-angiogenic agents, followed by multikinase inhibitors and inhibitors of endothelial cell proliferation. The toxicity assays reported cardiac phenotype in zebrafish treated with VEGFR inhibitors and multikinase inhibitors with VEGFR activity suggestive of cardiotoxic potential of these compounds. Several other pathological features were reported for multikinase inhibitors suggestive of off-target effects. The predicted therapeutic window was translational with the clinical trial outcomes of the anti-angiogenic agents. The zebrafish efficacy–toxicity approach could stratify anti-angiogenic agents based on the mechanism of action and delineate chemical structure-driven biological activity of anti-angiogenic compounds. Conclusion The zebrafish efficacy–toxicity approach can be used as a predictive model for translational anti-angiogenic drug discovery to streamline compound selection, resulting in safer and efficacious anti-angiogenic agents entering the clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Chimote
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Nilambari Pawar
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | - Jyothi Subramanian
- Department of Modeling and Simulation, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Somesh Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India ; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Piramal Life Sciences Limited, Mumbai, India
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48
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Hezel AF, Noel MS, Allen JN, Abrams TA, Yurgelun M, Faris JE, Goyal L, Clark JW, Blaszkowsky LS, Murphy JE, Zheng H, Khorana AA, Connolly GC, Hyrien O, Baran A, Herr M, Ng K, Sheehan S, Harris DJ, Regan E, Borger DR, Iafrate AJ, Fuchs C, Ryan DP, Zhu AX. Phase II study of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin in combination with panitumumab in KRAS wild-type unresectable or metastatic biliary tract and gallbladder cancer. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:430-6. [PMID: 24960403 PMCID: PMC4119993 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current data suggest that platinum-based combination therapy is the standard first-line treatment for biliary tract cancer. EGFR inhibition has proven beneficial across a number of gastrointestinal malignancies; and has shown specific advantages among KRAS wild-type genetic subtypes of colon cancer. We report the combination of panitumumab with gemcitabine (GEM) and oxaliplatin (OX) as first-line therapy for KRAS wild-type biliary tract cancer. METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed, previously untreated, unresectable or metastatic KRAS wild-type biliary tract or gallbladder adenocarcinoma with ECOG performance status 0-2 were treated with panitumumab 6 mg kg(-1), GEM 1000 mg m(-2) (10 mg m(-2) min(-1)) and OX 85 mg m(-2) on days 1 and 15 of each 28-day cycle. The primary objective was to determine the objective response rate by RECIST criteria v.1.1. Secondary objectives were to evaluate toxicity, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival. RESULTS Thirty-one patients received at least one cycle of treatment across three institutions, 28 had measurable disease. Response rate was 45% and disease control rate was 90%. Median PFS was 10.6 months (95% CI 5-24 months) and median overall survival 20.3 months (95% CI 9-25 months). The most common grade 3/4 adverse events were anaemia 26%, leukopenia 23%, fatigue 23%, neuropathy 16% and rash 10%. CONCLUSIONS The combination of gemcitabine, oxaliplatin and panitumumab in KRAS wild type metastatic biliary tract cancer showed encouraging efficacy, additional efforts of genetic stratification and targeted therapy is warranted in biliary tract cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Hezel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M S Noel
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - J N Allen
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T A Abrams
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Yurgelun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Faris
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Goyal
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J W Clark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L S Blaszkowsky
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J E Murphy
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Zheng
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A A Khorana
- Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - G C Connolly
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - O Hyrien
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - A Baran
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - M Herr
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - K Ng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Sheehan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D J Harris
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - E Regan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D R Borger
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A J Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Fuchs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - D P Ryan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A X Zhu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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Takahashi H, Ojima H, Shimizu H, Furuse J, Furukawa H, Shibata T. Axitinib (AG-013736), an oral specific VEGFR TKI, shows potential therapeutic utility against cholangiocarcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2014; 44:570-8. [PMID: 24755544 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyu045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cholangiocarcinoma is a refractory cancer whose incidence has been increasing worldwide in recent years. Neoangiogenesis plays an important role in the growth of various solid cancers, including cholangiocarcinoma. Vascular endothelial growth factor plays an important role in tumor-induced angiogenesis and its expression is associated with the progression and prognosis of cholangiocarcinoma. This study examined whether axitinib (AG-013736, INLYTA(®)), a potent and selective second-generation inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors 1, 2 and 3, could be a potentially useful therapeutic agent for cholangiocarcinoma. METHODS We performed expression profiling of angiogenesis-related molecules in eight cholangiocarcinoma cell lines and found that three of them showed high vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Among them, we examined the in vivo anti-tumor effect of axitinib on NCC-BD1 (a gemcitabine-sensitive extra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell line) and TKKK (a gemcitabine-resistant intra-hepatic cholangiocarcinoma cell line) using subcutaneous xenograft models. RESULTS Oral administration of axitinib significantly inhibited the growth of TKKK xenografts at a dose of 6 mg kg(-1) day(-1) (P<0.05), and the growth of NCC-BD1 xenografts at 30 mg kg(-1)day(-1) (P<0.05). Treated tumors showed a significant decrease of microvessel density and the tumor cell proliferation index and a mild but significant increase of the apoptotic index in comparison with untreated tumors. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that axitinib should be a promising therapy for vascular endothelial growth factor-expressing cholangiocarcinoma, irrespective of tumor origin and gemcitabine sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takahashi
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa
| | - Hidenori Ojima
- Division of Molecular Pathology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Hiroko Shimizu
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
| | - Junji Furuse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Furukawa
- Division of Gastroenterologic and General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo
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50
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Cholangiocarcinoma: Biology, Clinical Management, and Pharmacological Perspectives. ISRN HEPATOLOGY 2014; 2014:828074. [PMID: 27335842 PMCID: PMC4890896 DOI: 10.1155/2014/828074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), or tumor of the biliary tree, is a rare and heterogeneous group of malignancies associated with a very poor prognosis. Depending on their localization along the biliary tree, CCAs are classified as intrahepatic, perihilar, and distal, and these subtypes are now considered different entities that differ in tumor biology, the staging system, management, and prognosis. When diagnosed, an evaluation by a multidisciplinary team is essential; the team must decide on the best therapeutic option. Surgical resection of tumors with negative margins is the best option for all subtypes of CCA, although this is only achieved in less than 50% of cases. Five-year survival rates have increased in the recent past owing to improvements in imaging techniques, which permits resectability to be predicted more accurately, and in surgery. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are relatively ineffective in treating nonoperable tumors and the resistance of CCA to these therapies is a major problem. Although the combination of gemcitabine plus platinum derivatives is the pharmacological treatment most widely used, to date there is no standard chemotherapy, and new combinations with targeted drugs are currently being tested in ongoing clinical trials. This review summarizes the biology, clinical management, and pharmacological perspectives of these complex tumors.
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