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Wang C, Wang P, Tian Y, Lu C, Liu L, Wu J, Wang Y, Li J. miRNA-383-5p Regulated Migration and Invasion of Tumor Cells by Inhibiting NCKAP1 Expression in Gastric Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-024-10804-7. [PMID: 38625593 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-024-10804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the second deadliest disease in Asia, so it is crucial to find its promising therapeutic targets. The expression profile data of miR383-5p in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were analyzed. The expression levels of miR383-5p in the collected clinical tissue samples and peripheral blood samples were examined by qPCR, and the relationship between its expression and the clinical data of patients was evaluated. MiR383-5p was overexpressed in the AGS cells, and cell biology assays, such as Transwell, were performed to detect the cell proliferation, migration, invasion and other cell biology abilities of miR383-5p. Target prediction and dual luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to find and validate the target genes of miR383-5p. The expression and activity of MMP and related proteins after overexpression of miR383-5p and NCKAP1 were detected by WB and gelatin zymography assay. The expression of miR383-5p was down-regulated in GC tissues, and its low expression was associated with lymph node metastasis. Restoration of miR383-5p expression in GC cells can inhibit the invasion and migration abilities of GC cells. MiR383-5p negatively regulated NCKAP1 through direct interaction with the 3'UTR sequence of NCKAP1. The overexpression of NCKAP1 can improve the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, whereas overexpression of miR383-5p can inhibit growth of the aforementioned abilities of GC cells induced by NCKAP1 overexpression. The overexpression of NCKAP1 can increase the expression level and activity of MMP2, while the overexpression of miR383-5p can inhibit the increase of MMP2 expression level and activity in GC cells induced by NCKAP1 overexpression. NCKAP1 is a target gene of miR383-5p, and miR383-5p could be a valuable therapeutic target for stomach adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 East Yuhua Road, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 East Yuhua Road, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of No.2 Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Cuijuan Lu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 East Yuhua Road, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000, China
| | - Lixia Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Department of Information Center, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, No. 212 East Yuhua Road, Baoding, Hebei Province, 071000, China.
| | - Jinghua Li
- Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University, Baoding, China.
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Elhendawy HA. Clinical implications of heat shock protein 70 in oral carcinogenesis and prediction of progression and recurrence in oral squamous cell carcinoma patients: a retrospective clinicopathological study. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:464. [PMID: 37884988 PMCID: PMC10604814 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cancer is a common cause of death worldwide. The search for novel biomarkers for oral cancer is an ongoing struggle. Prognostic biomarkers are of great importance in diagnosis, and prediction of the cancer outcome. There are several disagreements in oral cancer studies over the role of heat shock proteins as prognostic markers. The current study investigated HSP70 expression in diverse tissues ranging from normal oral mucosa to dysplastic oral epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma to determine its role in oral carcinogenesis. Moreover, HSP70 was evaluated concerning different prognostic parameters to determine its capability in predicting cancer progression. Recurrence of tumor was recorded, and patients` disease-free survival was calculated and analyzed considering HSP70 expression to determine the potential utility of HSP70 immuno-expression in predicting recurrence. METHODS A retrospective study was accomplished on 50 cases of OSCC. Biopsies from the cancerous tissue, the free surgical margin, and the normal oral mucosa were used. The grading of dysplastic epithelium and OSCCs followed the criteria of WHO classification (2017). The clinicopathological and follow-up records for each patient were retrieved. Pearson's Chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests were used to analyze the variance of HSP70 immuno-expression concerning different parameters. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute and visualize disease-free survival, and the log-rank test was used to analyze the data. With Cox regression, univariate and multivariate survival analyses were run. A P-value of 0.05 or less was regarded as statistically significant. RESULTS A significant increased expression of HSP70 was observed as the tissue progressed from normal to dysplastic epithelium, and carcinoma (P = 0.000). HSP70 revealed a significant increased expression by progression from mild to severe dysplasia (P = 0.023), and also from well to moderately and poorly differentiated carcinoma (P = 0.000). High HSP70 immuno-expression was significantly associated with progression of OSCC; large-sized tumors (P = 0.002), advanced TNM clinical stages (P = 0.001), positive nodal involvement (P = 0.001), presence of recurrence (P = .008), and reduced DFS (P = 0.014). CONCLUSION HSP70 has a crucial contribution to oral carcinogenesis, and its immune-expression could potentially be used as predictor of progression and recurrence of OSCC patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION Retrospectively registered.
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Silva J, Omar N, Sittaramane V, Cowell JK. Identification of small molecules that suppress cell invasion and metastasis promoted by WASF3 activation. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20662. [PMID: 37867831 PMCID: PMC10585217 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The WASF3 gene promotes cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and genetic inactivation leads to suppression of metastasis. To identify small molecules that might interfere with WASF3 function, we performed an in silico docking study to the regulatory pocket of WASF3 using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) diversity set VI small molecule library. Compounds that showed the maximum likelihood of interaction with WASF3 were screened for their effect on cell movement in breast and prostate cancer cells, a well-established predictor of invasion and metastasis. Three hit compounds were identified that affected cell movement, and the same compounds also suppressed cell migration and invasion in vitro in both MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and Du145 prostate cancer cells. Using a zebrafish metastasis assay, one of these compounds, NSC670283, showed significant suppression of metastasis in vivo while not affecting cell proliferation. NSC670283 showed a consistent effect on suppression of invasion and metastasis, and cellular temperature shift assays provided support for physical interaction with WASF3. In addition, suppression of cell movement and invasion was accompanied by a decrease in actin filament polymerization. The data in this study suggest that these small molecules inhibit cancer cell invasion and metastasis, and to our knowledge, it is the first identification of a small molecule that can potentially inhibit WASF3-directed metastasis, laying the foundation for medicinal chemistry approaches to enhance the potency of the identified compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Silva
- The Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia
- Department of Interdisciplinary Health Sciences, College of Allied Sciences, Augusta University, GA, 30912, Georgia
| | - Nivin Omar
- Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, GA, 30912, Georgia
| | - Vinoth Sittaramane
- Department of Biology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, Georgia
| | - John K. Cowell
- The Georgia Cancer Center, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd., Augusta, GA 30912, Georgia
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Jayathirtha M, Jayaweera T, Whitham D, Petre BA, Neagu AN, Darie CC. Two-Dimensional Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Nanoliquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry-Based Identification of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Tumorigenic Pathways in the MCF7 Breast Cancer Cell Line Transfected for Jumping Translocation Breakpoint Protein Overexpression. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14714. [PMID: 37834160 PMCID: PMC10572688 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification of new genes/proteins involved in breast cancer (BC) occurrence is widely used to discover novel biomarkers and understand the molecular mechanisms of BC initiation and progression. The jumping translocation breakpoint (JTB) gene may act both as a tumor suppressor or oncogene in various types of tumors, including BC. Thus, the JTB protein could have the potential to be used as a biomarker in BC, but its neoplastic mechanisms still remain unknown or controversial. We previously analyzed the interacting partners of JTBhigh protein extracted from transfected MCF7 BC cell line using SDS-PAGE complemented with in-solution digestion, respectively. The previous results suggested the JTB contributed to the development of a more aggressive phenotype and behavior for the MCF7 BC cell line through synergistic upregulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), mitotic spindle, and fatty acid metabolism-related pathways. In this work, we aim to complement the previously reported JTB proteomics-based experiments by investigating differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and tumorigenic pathways associated with JTB overexpression using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE). Statistically different gel spots were picked for protein digestion, followed by nanoliquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analysis. We identified six DEPs related to the JTBhigh condition vs. control that emphasize a pro-tumorigenic (PT) role. Twenty-one proteins, which are known to be usually overexpressed in cancer cells, emphasize an anti-tumorigenic (AT) role when low expression occurs. According to our previous results, proteins that have a PT role are mainly involved in the activation of the EMT process. Interestingly, JTB overexpression has been correlated here with a plethora of significant upregulated and downregulated proteins that sustain JTB tumor suppressive functions. Our present and previous results sustain the necessity of the complementary use of different proteomics-based methods (SDS-PAGE, 2D-PAGE, and in-solution digestion) followed by tandem mass spectrometry to avoid their limitations, with each method leading to the delineation of specific clusters of DEPs that may be merged for a better understanding of molecular pathways and neoplastic mechanisms related to the JTB's role in BC initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhuri Jayathirtha
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Taniya Jayaweera
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Danielle Whitham
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
| | - Brîndușa Alina Petre
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 11, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Center for Fundamental Research and Experimental Development in Translation Medicine—TRANSCEND, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca-Narcisa Neagu
- Laboratory of Animal Histology, Faculty of Biology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, Carol I Bvd., No. 20A, 700505 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Costel C. Darie
- Biochemistry & Proteomics Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, 8 Clarkson Avenue, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA; (M.J.); (T.J.); (D.W.); (B.A.P.)
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Limaye AJ, Whittaker MK, Bendzunas GN, Cowell JK, Kennedy EJ. Targeting the WASF3 complex to suppress metastasis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 182:106302. [PMID: 35691539 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family members (WASF) regulate the dynamics of the actin cytoskeleton, which plays an instrumental role in cancer metastasis and invasion. WASF1/2/3 forms a hetero-pentameric complex with CYFIP1/2, NCKAP1/1 L, Abi1/2/3 and BRK1 called the WASF Regulatory Complex (WRC), which cooperatively regulates actin nucleation by WASF1/2/3. Activation of the WRC enables actin networking and provides the mechanical force required for the formation of lamellipodia and invadopodia. Although the WRC drives cell motility essential for several routine physiological functions, its aberrant deployment is observed in cancer metastasis and invasion. WASF3 expression is correlated with metastatic potential in several cancers and inversely correlates with overall progression-free survival. Therefore, disruption of the WRC may serve as a novel strategy for targeting metastasis. Given the complexity involved in the formation of the WRC which is largely comprised of large protein-protein interfaces, there are currently no inhibitors for WASF3. However, several constrained peptide mimics of the various protein-protein interaction interfaces within the WRC were found to successfully disrupt WASF3-mediated migration and invasion. This review explores the role of the WASF3 WRC in driving metastasis and how it may be selectively targeted for suppression of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya J Limaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 240W. Green St, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - Matthew K Whittaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 240W. Green St, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - George N Bendzunas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 240W. Green St, Athens, GA 30602, United States
| | - John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, 1410 Laney Walker Blvd, Augusta, GA 30912, United States
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, 240W. Green St, Athens, GA 30602, United States.
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Limaye AJ, Bendzunas GN, Whittaker MK, LeClair TJ, Helton LG, Kennedy EJ. In Silico Optimized Stapled Peptides Targeting WASF3 in Breast Cancer. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:570-576. [PMID: 35450347 PMCID: PMC9014496 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein Family (WASF) members regulate actin cytoskeletal dynamics, and WASF3 is directly associated with breast cancer metastasis and invasion. WASF3 forms a heteropentameric complex with CYFIP, NCKAP, ABI, and BRK1, called the WASF Regulatory Complex (WRC), which cooperatively regulates actin nucleation by WASF3. Since aberrant deployment of the WRC is observed in cancer metastasis and invasion, its disruption provides a novel avenue for targeting motility in breast cancer cells. Here, we report the development of a second generation WASF3 mimetic peptide, WAHMIS-2, which was designed using a combination of structure-guided design, homology modeling, and in silico optimization to disrupt binding of WASF3 to the WRC. WAHMIS-2 was found to permeate cells and inhibit cell motility, invasion, and MMP9 expression with greater potency than its predecessor, WAHM1. Targeted disruption of WASF3 from the WRC may serve as a useful strategy for suppression of breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya J. Limaye
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - George N. Bendzunas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Matthew K. Whittaker
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Timothy J. LeClair
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Leah G. Helton
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Eileen J. Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
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Albakova Z, Mangasarova Y, Albakov A, Gorenkova L. HSP70 and HSP90 in Cancer: Cytosolic, Endoplasmic Reticulum and Mitochondrial Chaperones of Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2022; 12:829520. [PMID: 35127545 PMCID: PMC8814359 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.829520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP70 and HSP90 are two powerful chaperone machineries involved in survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Residing in various cellular compartments, HSP70 and HSP90 perform specific functions. Concurrently, HSP70 and HSP90 homologs may also translocate from their primary site under various stress conditions. Herein, we address the current literature on the role of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone networks in cancer. The goal is to provide a comprehensive review on the functions of cytosolic, mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum HSP70 and HSP90 homologs in cancer. Given that high expression of HSP70 and HSP90 enhances tumor development and associates with tumor aggressiveness, further understanding of HSP70 and HSP90 chaperone networks may provide clues for the discoveries of novel anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Zarema Albakova,
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Hamidi AA, Zangoue M, Kashani D, Zangouei AS, Rahimi HR, Abbaszadegan MR, Moghbeli M. MicroRNA-217: a therapeutic and diagnostic tumor marker. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2021; 22:61-76. [PMID: 34883033 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2022.2017284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cancer as one of the most common causes of death has always been one of the major health challenges globally. Since, the identification of tumors in the early tumor stages can significantly reduce mortality rates; it is required to introduce novel early detection tumor markers. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have pivotal roles in regulation of cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and tumor progression. Moreover, due to the higher stability of miRNAs than mRNAs in body fluids, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic or prognostic markers in cancer patients. AREAS COVERED In the present review we have summarized the role of miR-217 during tumor progressions. The miR-217 functions were categorized based on its target molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. EXPERT OPINION It was observed that miR-217 mainly exerts its function by regulation of the transcription factors during tumor progressions. The WNT, MAPK, and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways were also important molecular targets of miR-217 in different cancers. The present review clarifies the molecular biology of miR-217 and paves the way of introducing miR-217 as a non-invasive diagnostic marker and therapeutic target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abbas Hamidi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Malihe Zangoue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Daniel Kashani
- Department of Internal Medicine, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Amir Sadra Zangouei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Rahimi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Meysam Moghbeli
- Department of Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Mughees M, Bano F, Wajid S. Mechanism of WASP and WAVE family proteins in the progression of prostate cancer. PROTOPLASMA 2021; 258:683-693. [PMID: 33471226 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01608-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most commonly diagnosed and third lethal cause of death from cancer in men worldwide. Despite the availability of vast treatment procedures, still the high occurrence of invasion and metastasis of PCa are reported in cancer patients. The WASP (Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein) and WAVE (WASP family verprolin homologous protein) family of proteins are actin cytoskeleton regulatory proteins, reported to enhance cancer cell invasion and migration in prostate cancer. Hence, this review sheds light on the studies that explored the potential role of WASP and WAVE family of proteins in invasion and metastasis of prostate cancer. The research articles explored for the completion of this review were mostly from PubMed and Google Scholar by using the appropriate keywords for indexing. The conserved function of WASP and WAVE protein family is to receive the upstream signals from the Rho GTPase family and transmit them to activate the Arp2/3 complex that leads to rapid actin polymerization at leading edge of cells, which is crucial for PCa metastasis. Therefore, targeting these proteins could reflect a very interesting therapeutic opportunity to combat prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Mughees
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Faizia Bano
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Saima Wajid
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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10
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Hope JM, Bersi MR, Dombroski JA, Clinch AB, Pereles RS, Merryman WD, King MR. Circulating prostate cancer cells have differential resistance to fluid shear stress-induced cell death. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:jcs.251470. [PMID: 33526716 PMCID: PMC7929932 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.251470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are exposed to fluid shear stress (FSS) of greater than 1000 dyn/cm2 (100 Pa) in circulation. Normally, CTCs that are exposed to FSS of this magnitude die. However, some CTCs develop resistance to this FSS, allowing them to colonize distant organs. We explored how prostate CTCs can resist cell death in response to forces of this magnitude. The DU145, PC3 and LNCaP human prostate cancer cell lines were used to represent cells of different metastatic origins. The cell lines were briefly treated with an average FSS of 3950 dyn/cm2 (395 Pa) using a 30 G needle and a syringe pump. DU145 cells had no change in cell viability, PC3 cells had some cell death and LNCaP cells exhibited significant cell death. These cell death responses correlated with increased cell membrane damage, less efficient membrane repair and increased stiffness. Additionally, FSS treatment prevented the LNCaP FSS-sensitive cell line from forming a growing tumor in vivo. This suggests that these properties play a role in FSS resistance and could represent potential targets for disrupting blood-borne metastasis. Summary: Prostate cancer cells have different sensitivities to fluid forces that alter their resistance to elevated blood flow-level fluid shear stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob M Hope
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Matthew R Bersi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Jenna A Dombroski
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Andrea B Clinch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Rebecca S Pereles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - W David Merryman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
| | - Michael R King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, 5824 Stevenson Center, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
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Kansakar U, Wang W, Markovic V, Sossey-Alaoui K. Phosphorylation of the proline-rich domain of WAVE3 drives its oncogenic activity in breast cancer. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3868. [PMID: 33594155 PMCID: PMC7887190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83479-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modification of proteins, such as tyrosine phosphorylation, plays a major role in driving the oncogenic activity of oncogenes. WAVE3 (WASF3), an adaptor and actin cytoskeleton remodeling protein, contributes to cell migration, cancer cell invasion, and metastasis. WAVE3 plays a vital role in the progression and metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), in part through the regulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several studies have shown that WAVE3 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for its oncogenic activity. Moreover, our recent study showed that the proline rich domain (PRD) of WAVE3 is required for maintenance of the CSC niche in breast cancer by regulating the nuclear translocation of the CSC-specific nuclear transcription factor YB1. Here, we show that the PRD domain of WAVE3 and its phosphorylation are essential for driving the oncogenic activity of WAVE3. We show that phosphorylation of WAVE3 PRD is essential for migration and invasion of breast cancer cells in vitro, as well as tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Mechanistically, we show that phosphorylation of the WAVE3 PRD is essential for interaction between WAVE3 and YB1. Loss of PRD phosphorylation inhibits such interaction and the YB1-mediated activation of expression of CSC markers, as well as the WAVE3 mediated activation of EMT. Together, our study identifies a novel role of WAVE3 and its PRD domain in the regulation of the invasion metastasis cascade in BC that is independent of the known function of WAVE3 as an actin cytoskeleton remodeling protein through the WAVE regulatory complex (WRC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, R457, 2500 MetroHealth Drive, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA.
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Zhu B, V M, Finch-Edmondson M, Lee Y, Wan Y, Sudol M, DasGupta R. miR-582-5p Is a Tumor Suppressor microRNA Targeting the Hippo-YAP/TAZ Signaling Pathway in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040756. [PMID: 33670427 PMCID: PMC7918774 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancers lead cancer-related mortalities, with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) representing a substantial proportion of these cases. Perturbation of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling in NSCLC could be mainly attributed to post-transcriptional regulators since genetic alterations to the signaling pathway are known to be rare. In this study, we identified miR-582-5p as a novel, post-transcriptional regulator of Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling. Our work revealed an inhibitory function of miR-582-5p on YAP/TAZ signaling in NSCLC cells, whereby the tumorigenic potential is diminished upon the overexpression of miR-582-5p. We also uncovered the regulation of miR-582-5p expression by YAP/TAZ, suggesting a potential feedback loop of YAP/TAZ signaling mediated by miR-582-5p. Mechanistically, we discovered NCKAP1 and PIP5K1C, regulators of actin polymerization, as novel and direct targets of miR-582-5p. Restoring miR-582-5p expression in NSCLC cells resulted in deficient F-actin, which potentially mediates the miR-582-5p-driven tumor suppression in a YAP/TAZ-dependent manner. Our findings underscore the anti-tumor function of miR-582-5p in NSCLC, positing its therapeutic potential in YAP/TAZ-driven lung cancers. Abstract The Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling pathway is an evolutionarily conserved signaling pathway involved in a broad spectrum of biological processes, including tumorigenesis. Whilst aberrant Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling is frequently reported in various cancers, the genetic alterations of this pathway are relatively rare, suggesting regulation at the post-transcriptional level. MicroRNAs play key role in tumorigenesis by regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally. Amongst the cancer-relevant microRNAs, miR-582-5p suppresses cell growth and tumorigenesis by inhibiting the expression of oncogenes, including AKT3, MAP3K2 and NOTCH1. Given the oncogenic role of YAP/TAZ in solid tumors, we scrutinized the possible interplay between miR-582-5p and Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling. Correlation analysis in NSCLC cells revealed a positive relationship between the expression of mature miR-582-5p and the proportion of phosphorylated YAP/TAZ. Intriguingly, YAP/TAZ knockdown reduced the expression of mature miR-582-5p but increased that of primary miR-582. Overexpression of miR-582-5p resulted in increased phosphorylation of YAP/TAZ with a concomitant reduction in cell proliferation and enhanced apoptosis. Mechanistically, we find that miR-582-5p targets actin regulators NCKAP1 and PIP5K1C, which may be responsible for the observed alteration in F-actin, known to modulate YAP/TAZ. We postulate that regulation of the actin cytoskeleton by miR-582-5p may attenuate YAP/TAZ activity. Altogether, this study reveals a novel mechanism of YAP/TAZ regulation by miR-582-5p in a cytoskeleton-dependent manner and suggests a negative feedback loop, highlighting the therapeutic potential of restoring miR-582-5p expression in treating NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhu
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- Department of Physiology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Laboratory of RNA Genomics and Structure, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (R.D.)
| | - Mitheera V
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- Department of Physiology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
| | - Megan Finch-Edmondson
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (M.F.-E.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yaelim Lee
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (M.F.-E.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yue Wan
- Laboratory of RNA Genomics and Structure, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
| | - Marius Sudol
- Department of Physiology, NUS Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore;
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; (M.F.-E.); (Y.L.)
| | - Ramanuj DasGupta
- Laboratory of Precision Oncology and Cancer Evolution, Genome Institute of Singapore, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore;
- Correspondence: (B.Z.); (R.D.)
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13
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Albakova Z, Siam MKS, Sacitharan PK, Ziganshin RH, Ryazantsev DY, Sapozhnikov AM. Extracellular heat shock proteins and cancer: New perspectives. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100995. [PMID: 33338880 PMCID: PMC7749402 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
High expression of extracellular heat shock proteins (HSPs) indicates highly aggressive tumors. HSP profiling of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from various biological fluids and released by immune cells may open new perspectives for an identification of diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers of cancer. Identification of specific microRNAs targeting HSPs in EVs may be a promising strategy for the discovery of novel biomarkers of cancer.
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a large family of molecular chaperones aberrantly expressed in cancer. The expression of HSPs in tumor cells has been shown to be implicated in the regulation of apoptosis, immune responses, angiogenesis and metastasis. Given that extracellular vesicles (EVs) can serve as potential source for the discovery of clinically useful biomarkers and therapeutic targets, it is of particular interest to study proteomic profiling of HSPs in EVs derived from various biological fluids of cancer patients. Furthermore, a divergent expression of circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) in patient samples has opened new opportunities in exploiting miRNAs as diagnostic tools. Herein, we address the current literature on the expression of extracellular HSPs with particular interest in HSPs in EVs derived from various biological fluids of cancer patients and different types of immune cells as promising targets for identification of clinical biomarkers of cancer. We also discuss the emerging role of miRNAs in HSP regulation for the discovery of blood-based biomarkers of cancer. We outline the importance of understanding relationships between various HSP networks and co-chaperones and propose the model for identification of HSP signatures in cancer. Elucidating the role of HSPs in EVs from the proteomic and miRNAs perspectives may provide new opportunities for the discovery of novel biomarkers of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 199192 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Pradeep Kumar Sacitharan
- The Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Rustam H Ziganshin
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitriy Y Ryazantsev
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander M Sapozhnikov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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14
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Wang W, Kansakar U, Markovic V, Wang B, Sossey-Alaoui K. WAVE3 phosphorylation regulates the interplay between PI3K, TGF-β, and EGF signaling pathways in breast cancer. Oncogenesis 2020; 9:87. [PMID: 33012785 PMCID: PMC7533250 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-020-00272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both TGF-β and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathways are known activators of various intracellular pathways that regulate critical cellular functions, including cancer cell survival and proliferation. The interplay between these two oncogenic pathways plays a major role in promoting the initiation, growth, and progression of tumors, including breast cancers. The molecular underpinning of the inter-relationship between these pathways is, however, not fully understood, as is the role of WAVE3 phosphorylation in the regulation of tumor growth and progression. WAVE3 has been established as a major driver of the invasion–metastasis cascade in breast cancer and other tumors of epithelial origin. WAVE3 phosphorylation downstream of PI3K was also shown to regulate cell migration. Here we show that, in addition to PI3K, WAVE3 tyrosine phosphorylation can also be achieved downstream of TGF-β and EGF and that WAVE3 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for its oncogenic activity. Our in vitro analyses found loss of WAVE3 phosphorylation to significantly inhibit cell migration, as well as tumorsphere growth and invasion. In mouse models for breast cancer, loss of WAVE3 phosphorylation inhibited tumor growth of two aggressive breast cancer cell lines of triple-negative subtype. More importantly, we found that WAVE3 phosphorylation is also required for the activation of PI3K, TGF-β, and EGF signaling and their respective downstream effectors. Therefore, our study identified a novel function for WAVE3 in the regulation of breast cancer development and progression through the modulation of a positive feedback loop between WAVE3 and PI3K-TGF-β-EGF signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Urna Kansakar
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Vesna Markovic
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Bingcheng Wang
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Medicine, Rammelkamp Center for Research, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA. .,Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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15
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Shibuya N, Kakeji Y, Shimono Y. MicroRNA-93 targets WASF3 and functions as a metastasis suppressor in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2093-2103. [PMID: 32307765 PMCID: PMC7293106 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells with cancer stem cell (CSC) properties initiate both primary tumor formation and metastases at distant sites. Acquisition of CSC properties is highly associated with epigenetic alterations, including those mediated by microRNAs (miRNAs). We have previously established the breast cancer patient‐derived tumor xenograft (PDX) mouse model in which CSC marker CD44+ cancer cells formed spontaneous microscopic metastases in the liver. In this PDX mouse, we found that the expression levels of 3 miRNAs (miR‐25, miR‐93, and miR‐106b) in the miR‐106b‐25 cluster were much lower in the CD44+ human cancer cells metastasized to the liver than those at the primary site. Constitutive overexpression of miR‐93 suppressed invasive ability and 3D‐organoid formation capacity of breast cancer cells in vitro and significantly suppressed their metastatic ability to the liver in vivo. Wiskott‐Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3), a regulator of both cytoskeleton remodeling and CSC properties, was identified as a functional target of miR‐93: overexpression of miR‐93 reduced the protein level of WASF3 in breast cancer cells and WASF3 rescued the miR‐93‐mediated suppression of breast cancer cell invasion. These findings suggest that miR‐93 functions as a metastasis suppressor by suppressing both invasion ability and CSC properties in breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Shibuya
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kakeji
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Yohei Shimono
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Biochemistry, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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16
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Nie Y, Liang X, Liu S, Guo F, Fang N, Zhou F. WASF3 Knockdown Sensitizes Gastric Cancer Cells to Oxaliplatin by Inhibiting ATG12-Mediated Autophagy. Am J Med Sci 2020; 359:287-295. [PMID: 32359534 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2020.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive tumors, usually resulting in metastasis, and therapies for advanced gastric cancer remain limited. Drug resistance is the main reason for chemotherapeutic failure in gastric cancer. Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3) is required for invasion and metastasis of different cancers. However, there has been little study of WASF3 expression involvement in gastric cancer. In this study, we explored the role of WASF3 in the sensitivity of gastric cancer to oxaliplatin, and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS We silenced WASF3 using WASF3-siRNA in MGC803 cells. Then, CCK-8, flow cytometry and transwell assay were performed to study the effect of WASF3 silencing on proliferation, migration, invasiveness and apoptosis of MGC803 cells. Moreover, we evaluated the potential mechanism in vitro to determine the sensitization to oxaliplatin induced by WASF3. RESULTS WASF3 silencing by small interfering RNA inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasiveness of gastric cancer cells. We also observed that WASF3 knockdown promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced oxaliplatin sensitivity. Furthermore, the sensitization to oxaliplatin induced by WASF3 knockdown depended on the inhibition of Atg12-mediated autophagy. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis demonstrates WASF3 targeting is a new potential therapeutic strategy for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Nie
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China; Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Sanhe Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Pathology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fuxiang Zhou
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei Cancer Clinical Study Center, Hubei Key Laboratory of Tumor Biological Behaviors, Wuhan, China.
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17
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Albakova Z, Armeev GA, Kanevskiy LM, Kovalenko EI, Sapozhnikov AM. HSP70 Multi-Functionality in Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030587. [PMID: 32121660 PMCID: PMC7140411 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70-kDa heat shock proteins (HSP70s) are abundantly present in cancer, providing malignant cells selective advantage by suppressing multiple apoptotic pathways, regulating necrosis, bypassing cellular senescence program, interfering with tumor immunity, promoting angiogenesis and supporting metastasis. This direct involvement of HSP70 in most of the cancer hallmarks explains the phenomenon of cancer "addiction" to HSP70, tightly linking tumor survival and growth to the HSP70 expression. HSP70 operates in different states through its catalytic cycle, suggesting that it can multi-function in malignant cells in any of these states. Clinically, tumor cells intensively release HSP70 in extracellular microenvironment, resulting in diverse outcomes for patient survival. Given its clinical significance, small molecule inhibitors were developed to target different sites of the HSP70 machinery. Furthermore, several HSP70-based immunotherapy approaches were assessed in clinical trials. This review will explore different roles of HSP70 on cancer progression and emphasize the importance of understanding the flexibility of HSP70 nature for future development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarema Albakova
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Grigoriy A. Armeev
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Leonid M. Kanevskiy
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Elena I. Kovalenko
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
| | - Alexander M. Sapozhnikov
- Department of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (G.A.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Department of Immunology, Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 117997 Moscow, Russia; (L.M.K.); (E.I.K.)
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18
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Qin H, Lu S, Thangaraju M, Cowell JK. Wasf3 Deficiency Reveals Involvement in Metastasis in a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 189:2450-2458. [PMID: 31542393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The WASF3 gene has been implicated in cancer cell movement, invasion, and metastasis by regulating genetic pathways important in these processes. Invasion and metastasis assays, however, are largely centered on xenograft models in immune-compromised mice. To facilitate analysis of the role of WASF3 in the spontaneous development of cancer cell metastasis, we generated a Wasf3 null strain by deleting exons 4 and 5, which encode essential motifs for Wasf3 function. On exposure to cre-recombinase a stop codon is generated immediately downstream in exon 6. Using a cytomegalovirus (CMV)-cre strain, Wasf3 constitutively was inactivated, which led to viable mice with no visible morphologic or behavioral abnormalities. There was no abnormal development or function of the mouse mammary gland in the Wasf3 null mice and brain development was normal. In the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-driven polyoma middle-T oncogene strain, which shows early onset breast cancer development and metastasis, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (Wasf3) is up-regulated in metastatic lesions. When this oncogene was introduced onto the Wasf3-null background, although metastasis was observed in these mice, there was a reduction in the number and size of metastatic lesions in the lungs. These data provide evidence for a role in WASF3 in the development of metastasis in a spontaneous model of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Qin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sumin Lu
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Muthusamy Thangaraju
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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19
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Tseng CC, Wu LY, Tsai WC, Ou TT, Wu CC, Sung WY, Kuo PL, Yen JH. Differential Expression Profiles of the Transcriptome and miRNA Interactome in Synovial Fibroblasts of Rheumatoid Arthritis Revealed by Next Generation Sequencing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9030098. [PMID: 31426562 PMCID: PMC6787660 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9030098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Using next-generation sequencing to decipher the molecular mechanisms underlying aberrant rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts (RASF) activation, we performed transcriptome-wide RNA-seq and small RNA-seq on synovial fibroblasts from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) subject and normal donor. Differential expression of mRNA and miRNA was integrated with interaction analysis, functional annotation, regulatory network mapping and experimentally verified miRNA–target interaction data, further validated with microarray expression profiles. In this study, 3049 upregulated mRNA and 3552 downregulated mRNA, together with 50 upregulated miRNA and 35 downregulated miRNA in RASF were identified. Interaction analysis highlighted contribution of miRNA to altered transcriptome. Functional annotation revealed metabolic deregulation and oncogenic signatures of RASF. Regulatory network mapping identified downregulated FOXO1 as master transcription factor resulting in altered transcriptome of RASF. Differential expression in three miRNA and corresponding targets (hsa-miR-31-5p:WASF3, hsa-miR-132-3p:RB1, hsa-miR-29c-3p:COL1A1) were also validated. The interactions of these three miRNA–target genes were experimentally validated with past literature. Our transcriptomic and miRNA interactomic investigation identified gene signatures associated with RASF and revealed the involvement of transcription factors and miRNA in an altered transcriptome. These findings help facilitate our understanding of RA with the hope of serving as a springboard for further discoveries relating to the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chun Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wu
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chan Tsai
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Teng Ou
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Wu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Wan-Yu Sung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Po-Lin Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Hsien Yen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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20
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Zhong XP, Kan A, Ling YH, Lu LH, Mei J, Wei W, Li SH, Guo RP. NCKAP1 improves patient outcome and inhibits cell growth by enhancing Rb1/p53 activation in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:369. [PMID: 31068575 PMCID: PMC6506474 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In our previous report, we identified miR-34c-3p as an independent factor contributing to the carcinogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by targeting NCK Associated Protein 1 (NCKAP1). NCKAP1 has been known to promote the malignancy of cancer cells by disrupting the structural stability of WAS protein family member 1 (WASF1) and is correlated with poor prognosis of patients in several cancer types. Our results, however, show that NCKAP1 is correlated with a favorable outcome in HCC patients. The underlying mechanism of this contradictory phenomenon is unknown. The current study was designed to explore the mechanism of NCKAP1 in HCC. As a result, clinicopathological correlations and results from in vivo and in vitro models indicated that NCKAP1 was a tumor suppressor gene. Cell cycle analysis suggested that NCKAP1 inhibit cells from entering G2/M phase. Western blot analysis showed that WASF1 was barely expressed in HCC cell lines compared to that of breast cancer cell lines, which serve as positive controls. Furthermore, Rb1 and p53 expression was upregulated in cell lines overexpressing NCKAP1. Expression of several cell cycle regulating proteins also varied in the HCC cell lines. In conclusion, although previous studies have identified NCKAP1 as a cell invasion promoter by binding to WASF1, we found that NCKAP1 is a tumor suppress gene that modulates the cell cycle of HCC cell lines by targeting Rb1/p53 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Zhong
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041, Shantou, China
| | - Anna Kan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Ling
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang-He Lu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Mei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shao-Hua Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Rong-Ping Guo
- Department of Hepatobiliary Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
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21
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Nie Y, Hu S, Liu S, Fang N, Guo F, Yang L, Liang X. WASF3 expression correlates with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients. Future Oncol 2019; 15:1605-1615. [PMID: 31038356 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2018-0516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: WASF3 has been shown to be required for invasion and metastasis in different cancers, this study is to explore the prognostic value of WASF3 in gastric cancer. Materials & methods: The coexpression of WASF3 and E-cadherin in gastric cancer patients and cells were evaluated. Results: WASF3 was overexpressed and the expression of E-cadherin was decreased in gastric cancer tissues compared with normal tissues (p < 0.001). WASF3 expression is associated with decreased expression of E-cadherin (p = 0.002). Patients with WASF3-positive expression had a poorer prognosis. The multivariate analysis showed that WASF3 expression is an independent prognostic factor related to overall survival (p = 0.027). Conclusion: Our analysis demonstrates that WASF3 expression correlates with poor outcomes and is a potential prognostic factor in gastric cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Nie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Sheng Hu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Sanhe Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Na Fang
- Department of Pathology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Fang Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
| | - Xinjun Liang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The Hubei Cancer Hospital, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan 430079, PR China
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22
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Zhang Y, Li F, Liu L, Jiang H, Hu H, Du X, Ge X, Cao J, Wang Y. Salinomycin triggers endoplasmic reticulum stress through ATP2A3 upregulation in PC-3 cells. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:381. [PMID: 31023247 PMCID: PMC6482559 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5590-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Salinomycin is a monocarboxylic polyether antibiotic and is a potential chemotherapy drug. Our previous studies showed that salinomycin inhibited cell growth and targeted CSCs in prostate cancer. However, the precise target of salinomycin action is unclear. Methods In this work, we analyzed and identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) after treatment with or without salinomycin using a gene expression microarray in vitro (PC-3 cells) and in vivo (NOD/SCID mice xenograft model generated from implanted PC-3 cells). Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze the expression of ATP2A3 and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarkers. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle, apoptosis and intracellular Ca2+ concentration. Results A significantly upregulated gene, ATPase sarcoplasmatic/endoplasmatic reticulum Ca2+ transporting 3 (ATP2A3), was successfully identified. In subsequent studies, we found that ATP2A3 overexpression could trigger ER stress and exert anti-cancer effects in PC-3 and DU145 cells. ATP2A3 was slightly expressed, but the ER stress biomarkers showed strong staining in prostate cancer tissues. We also found that salinomycin could trigger ER stress, which might be related to ATP2A3-mediated Ca2+ release in PC-3 cells. Furthermore, we found that salinomycin-triggered ER stress could promote apoptosis and thus exert anti-cancer effects in prostate cancer cells. Conclusion This study demonstrates that ATP2A3 might be one of the potential targets for salinomycin, which can inhibit Ca2+ release and trigger ER stress to exert anti-cancer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunsheng Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China; Clinical Research Center For Breast & Thyroid Disease Prevention In Hunan Province, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Nursing, Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology, Hengyang, 421005, People's Republic of China
| | - Luogen Liu
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Hu
- Cancer Research Institute, The Second Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Du
- Department of Urology, The First People's Hospital Yueyang, Yueyang, 414000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Ge
- Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Cao
- Medical College, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Special Pathogens Prevention and Control, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou 570102; Clinical Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, People's Republic of China.
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FGF19 amplification reveals an oncogenic dependency upon autocrine FGF19/FGFR4 signaling in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Oncogene 2019; 38:2394-2404. [PMID: 30518874 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0591-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor 19 gene FGF19 has previously been reported to be amplified in several cancer types and encodes for a key autocrine signaler known to promote tumorigenic growth. Thus, it is imperative to understand which cancers are oncogenically addicted to FGF19 amplification as well as the role it serves in these cancer types. We report for the first time high FGF19 amplification in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), which is associated with increased autocrine secretion of FGF19 and poor patient outcome in HNSCC. FGF19 amplification corresponded with constitutive activation of FGF receptor 4 (FGFR4)-dependent ERK/AKT-p70S6K-S6 signaling activation in HNSCC cells, and addition of human recombinant FGF19 could promote cell proliferation and soft agar colony formation in HNSCC cells with low FGF19 expression through activation of FGFR4 and downstream signaling cascades. In contrast, FGF19 knockout counteracts the observed effects in HNSCC cells carrying high endogenous FGF19, with knockout of FGF19 significantly suppressing tumor growth in an orthotopic mouse model of HNSCC. Collectively, this study demonstrates that FGF19 gene amplification corresponds with an increased dependency upon FGF19/FGFR4 autocrine signaling in HNSCC, revealing a therapeutic target for this cancer type.
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24
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Tata P, Gondaliya P, Sunkaria A, Srivastava A, Kalia K. Modulation of CD44, EGFR and RAC Pathway Genes (WAVE Complex) in Epithelial Cancers. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:833-848. [PMID: 30799784 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190222143044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer hallmarks help in understanding the diversity of various neoplasms. Epithelial cancers play an immense role in the tumor biology through Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process. Receptor tyrosine kinase, as well as phosphatidyl ionositol-3 kinase pathways, play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, survival, and differentiation during EMT. Till date, numerous studies have shown modulation in the expression profile of potential targets like CD44, EGFR, and Rac in epithelial cancers. CD44 interacts with EGFR and recruits other molecules which further activate the Rac pathway intermediates. This review mainly focused on modulation of genes like CD44, EGFR, and Rac pathway intermediates which play a crucial role in the tumor progression, metastasis, proliferation, and invasion characteristics in epithelial cancers with EMT properties. Hence, targeting Rac pathway might be a more strategically relevant approach in treating epithelial cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranathi Tata
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Akshay Srivastava
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Ahmedabad, Palaj, Opposite Air Force Station, Gandhinagar, Gujarat-382355, India
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25
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ARF1 promotes prostate tumorigenesis via targeting oncogenic MAPK signaling. Oncotarget 2018; 7:39834-39845. [PMID: 27213581 PMCID: PMC5129974 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) is a crucial regulator in vesicle-mediated membrane trafficking and involved in the activation of signaling molecules. However, virtually nothing is known about its function in prostate cancer. Here we have demonstrated that ARF1 expression is significantly elevated in prostate cancer cells and human tissues and that the expression levels of ARF1 correlate with the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) ERK1/2. Furthermore, we have shown that overexpression and knockdown of ARF1 produce opposing effects on prostate cancer cell proliferation, anchorage-independent growth and tumor growth in mouse xenograft models and that ARF1-mediated cell proliferation can be abolished by the Raf1 inhibitor GW5074 and the MEK inhibitors U0126 and PD98059. Moreover, inhibition of ARF1 activation achieved by mutating Thr48 abolishes ARF1's abilities to activate the ERK1/2 and to promote cell proliferation. These data demonstrate that the aberrant MAPK signaling in prostate cancer is, at least in part, under the control of ARF1 and that, similar to Ras, ARF1 is a critical regulator in prostate cancer progression. These data also suggest that ARF1 may represent a key molecular target for prostate cancer therapeutics and diagnosis.
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26
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Jin H, Xie Q, Guo X, Xu J, Wang A, Li J, Zhu J, Wu XR, Huang H, Huang C. p63α protein up-regulates heat shock protein 70 expression via E2F1 transcription factor 1, promoting Wasf3/Wave3/MMP9 signaling and bladder cancer invasion. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:15952-15963. [PMID: 28794159 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.792010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Revised: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) is the sixth most common cancer in the United States and is the number one cause of death among patients with urinary system malignancies. This makes the identification of invasive regulator(s)/effector(s) as the potential therapeutic targets for managing BC a high priority. p63 is a member of the p53 family of tumor suppressor genes/proteins, plays a role in the differentiation of epithelial tissues, and is believed to function as a tumor suppressor. However, it remains unclear whether and how p63 functions in BC cell invasion after tumorigenesis. Here, we show that p63α protein levels were much higher in mouse high-invasive BC tissues than in normal tissues. Our results also revealed that p63α is crucial for heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression and subsequently increases the ability of BC invasion. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that p63α can transcriptionally up-regulate Hsp70 expression, thereby promoting BC cell invasion via the Hsp70/Wasf3/Wave3/MMP-9 axis. We further show that E2F transcription factor 1 (E2F1) mediates p63α overexpression-induced Hsp70 transcription. We also found that p63α overexpression activates E2F1 transcription, which appears to be stimulated by p63α together with E2F1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that p63α is a positive regulator of BC cell invasion after tumorigenesis, providing significant insights into the biological function of p63α in BC and supporting the notion that p63α might be a potential target for invasive BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Jin
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Qipeng Xie
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Xirui Guo
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Jiheng Xu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Annette Wang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Jingxia Li
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Junlan Zhu
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987
| | - Xue-Ru Wu
- Departments of Urology and Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York 10016 and the Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System in Manhattan, New York, New York 10010
| | - Haishan Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Technology & Application of Model Organisms, School of Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China, and
| | - Chuanshu Huang
- From the Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York 10987,
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27
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Cowell JK, Teng Y, Bendzunas NG, Ara R, Arbab AS, Kennedy EJ. Suppression of Breast Cancer Metastasis Using Stapled Peptides Targeting the WASF Regulatory Complex. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2017; 10:1179064417713197. [PMID: 28680267 PMCID: PMC5480654 DOI: 10.1177/1179064417713197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The WASF3 gene facilitates the metastatic phenotype, and its inactivation leads to suppression of invasion and metastasis regardless of the genetic background of the cancer cell. This reliance on WASF3 to facilitate metastasis suggests that targeting its function could serve as an effective strategy to suppress metastasis. WASF3 stability and function are regulated by the WASF Regulatory Complex (WRC) of proteins, particularly CYFIP1 and NCKAP1. Knockdown of these proteins in vitro leads to disruption of the WRC and suppression of invasion. We have used mouse xenograft models of breast cancer metastasis to assess whether targeting the WRC complex suppresses metastasis in vivo. Stapled peptides targeting the WASF3-CYFIP1 interface (WAHM1) and the CYFIP1-NCKAP1 interface (WANT3) suppress the development of lung and liver metastases. Targeting these critical protein-protein interactions, therefore, could potentially be developed into a therapeutic strategy to control cancer cell invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Yong Teng
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - N George Bendzunas
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | - Roxan Ara
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Ali S Arbab
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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28
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Itkonen HM, Brown M, Urbanucci A, Tredwell G, Lau CH, Barfeld S, Hart C, Guldvik IJ, Takhar M, Heemers HV, Erho N, Bloch K, Davicioni E, Derua R, Waelkens E, Mohler JL, Clarke N, Swinnen JV, Keun HC, Rekvig OP, Mills IG. Lipid degradation promotes prostate cancer cell survival. Oncotarget 2017; 8:38264-38275. [PMID: 28415728 PMCID: PMC5503531 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common male cancer and androgen receptor (AR) is the major driver of the disease. Here we show that Enoyl-CoA delta isomerase 2 (ECI2) is a novel AR-target that promotes prostate cancer cell survival. Increased ECI2 expression predicts mortality in prostate cancer patients (p = 0.0086). ECI2 encodes for an enzyme involved in lipid metabolism, and we use multiple metabolite profiling platforms and RNA-seq to show that inhibition of ECI2 expression leads to decreased glucose utilization, accumulation of fatty acids and down-regulation of cell cycle related genes. In normal cells, decrease in fatty acid degradation is compensated by increased consumption of glucose, and here we demonstrate that prostate cancer cells are not able to respond to decreased fatty acid degradation. Instead, prostate cancer cells activate incomplete autophagy, which is followed by activation of the cell death response. Finally, we identified a clinically approved compound, perhexiline, which inhibits fatty acid degradation, and replicates the major findings for ECI2 knockdown. This work shows that prostate cancer cells require lipid degradation for survival and identifies a small molecule inhibitor with therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Brown
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Alfonso Urbanucci
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gregory Tredwell
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chung Ho Lau
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Barfeld
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Claire Hart
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Ingrid J. Guldvik
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mandeep Takhar
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Hannelore V. Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicholas Erho
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Katarzyna Bloch
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Elai Davicioni
- GenomeDx Biosciences, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Rita Derua
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Etienne Waelkens
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Protein Phosphorylation and Proteomics, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - James L. Mohler
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Noel Clarke
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, CRUK Manchester Institute for Cancer Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Urology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - Johan V. Swinnen
- Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Lipid Metabolism and Cancer, LKI Leuven Cancer Institute, KU Leuven-University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hector C. Keun
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ole P. Rekvig
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - Ian G. Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine Norway, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Cancer Research and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Teng Y, Ngoka L, Cowell JK. Promotion of invasion by mutant RAS is dependent on activation of the WASF3 metastasis promoter gene. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2017; 56:493-500. [PMID: 28233357 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastasis represents an end stage in the evolution of cancer progression and has been related to specific genetic pathways. Overexpression of mutant RAS in particular appears to promote invasion and metastasis, although exactly how this occurs has not been well characterized. It was previously showed that activation of the WASF3 protein regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics that promote invasion. In this report, how WASF3 overexpression interacts with mutant RAS to increase invasion and metastasis was investigated. The ability of RAS to promote invasion and metastasis was shown to be dependent on WASF3 activation in a PI3K and AKT dependent manner. Proteomics analysis demonstrates the presence of AKT in the WASF3 immunocomplex which is enhanced by overexpression of mutant RAS. During these processes activation of ERK1/2 is not affected by loss of WASF3 expression. Analysis of the relative involvement of p85 and p110 in the WASF3 complex demonstrates that mutant RAS promotes dissociation of p85 promoting activation of p110. These studies provide a deeper understanding of the critical role for WASF3 in facilitating increased invasion potential in cancer cells expressing mutant RAS and supports the idea that targeting WASF3 in metastatic cells overexpressing RAS may be used to suppress invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- The Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - Lambert Ngoka
- The Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
| | - John K Cowell
- The Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia, USA
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30
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Mei Y, Yang JP, Qian CN. For robust big data analyses: a collection of 150 important pro-metastatic genes. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2017; 36:16. [PMID: 28109319 PMCID: PMC5251273 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-016-0178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis is the greatest contributor to cancer-related death. In the era of precision medicine, it is essential to predict and to prevent the spread of cancer cells to significantly improve patient survival. Thanks to the application of a variety of high-throughput technologies, accumulating big data enables researchers and clinicians to identify aggressive tumors as well as patients with a high risk of cancer metastasis. However, there have been few large-scale gene collection studies to enable metastasis-related analyses. In the last several years, emerging efforts have identified pro-metastatic genes in a variety of cancers, providing us the ability to generate a pro-metastatic gene cluster for big data analyses. We carefully selected 285 genes with in vivo evidence of promoting metastasis reported in the literature. These genes have been investigated in different tumor types. We used two datasets downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas database, specifically, datasets of clear cell renal cell carcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma, for validation tests, and excluded any genes for which elevated expression level correlated with longer overall survival in any of the datasets. Ultimately, 150 pro-metastatic genes remained in our analyses. We believe this collection of pro-metastatic genes will be helpful for big data analyses, and eventually will accelerate anti-metastasis research and clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Mei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Ping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Nan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China. .,Department of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P. R. China.
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31
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Shi L, Zhang W, Zou F, Mei L, Wu G, Teng Y. KLHL21, a novel gene that contributes to the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:815. [PMID: 27769251 PMCID: PMC5073891 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2851-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has very high prevalence and associated-mortality. However, targeted therapies that are currently used in clinical practice for HCC have certain limitations, in part because of the lack of reliable and clinically applicable biomarkers that can be used for diagnosis and prognosis assessments and for the surveillance of treatment effectiveness. METHODS Meta-analysis was used to analyze the integrated microarray data for global identification of a set of robust biomarkers for HCC. Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to validate the expression levels of selected genes. Gene expression was inhibited by siRNA. CellTiter 96® AQueous One Solution Cell Proliferation assays were used to determine cell proliferation, and Transwell assays were used to determine cell migration and invasion potential. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the expression data provided a gene expression signature from a total of 1525 patients with HCC, showing 1529 up-regulated genes and 478 down-regulated genes in cancer samples. The expression levels of genes having strong clinical significance were validated by qRT-PCR using primary HCC tissues and the paired adjacent noncancerous liver tissues. Up-regulation of VPS45, WIPI1, TTC1, IGBP1 and KLHL21 genes and down-regulation of FCGRT gene were confirmed in clinical HCC samples. KLHL21 was the most promising gene for potential use as a bioclinical marker in this analysis. Abrogating expression of it significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that KLHL21 is a potential target for therapeutic intervention. Our findings also provide novel candidate genes on a genome-wide scale, which may have significant impact on the design and execution of effective therapy of HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wenfa Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Fagui Zou
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihua Mei
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Wu
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400044, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,GRU Cancer Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA.
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32
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Wang G, Fu Y, Liu G, Ye Y, Zhang X. miR-218 Inhibits Proliferation, Migration, and EMT of Gastric Cancer Cells by Targeting WASF3. Oncol Res 2016; 25:355-364. [PMID: 27642088 PMCID: PMC7841020 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14738114257367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in carcinogenesis. miR-218 is one of the most known miRNAs and has been demonstrated to inhibit progression in gastric cancer. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is not established. In this study, qRT-PCR and Western blot indicated that miR-218 was downregulated in gastric cancer cell lines SGC7901 and BGC823 compared to that in normal gastric epithelial cell line GES-1. MTT and wound scratch assays suggested that overexpression of miR-218 markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and EMT of gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, we proved that WASF3 was a direct target of miR-218 by luciferase reporter assay, and restoration of WASF3 expression impairs miR-218-induced inhibition of proliferation, migration, and EMT in gastric cancer cells SGC7901. In summary, our results demonstrated that miR-218 functions as one of the tumor-suppressive miRNAs and inhibits gastric cancer tumorigenesis by targeting WASF3. miR-218 may serve as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancer.
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Teng Y, Qin H, Bahassan A, Bendzunas NG, Kennedy EJ, Cowell JK. The WASF3-NCKAP1-CYFIP1 Complex Is Essential for Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5133-42. [PMID: 27432794 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-0562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Inactivation of the WASF3 gene suppresses invasion and metastasis of breast cancer cells. WASF3 function is regulated through a protein complex that includes the NCKAP1 and CYFIP1 proteins. Here, we report that silencing NCKAP1 destabilizes the WASF3 complex, resulting in a suppression of the invasive capacity of breast, prostate, and colon cancer cells. In an in vivo model of spontaneous metastasis in immunocompromized mice, loss of NCKAP1 also suppresses metastasis. Activation of the WASF protein complex occurs through interaction with RAC1, and inactivation of NCKAP1 prevents the association of RAC1 with the WASF3 complex. Thus, WASF3 depends on NCKAP1 to promote invasion and metastasis. Here, we show that stapled peptides targeting the interface between NCKAP1 and CYFIP1 destabilize the WASF3 complex and suppress RAC1 binding, thereby suppressing invasion. Using a complex-disrupting compound identified in this study termed WANT3, our results offer a mechanistic proof of concept to target this interaction as a novel approach to inhibit breast cancer metastasis. Cancer Res; 76(17); 5133-42. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Department of Oral Biology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia. Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | - Haiyan Qin
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | - N George Bendzunas
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
| | - John K Cowell
- Georgia Cancer Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
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Zhu Z, Chen W, Yin X, Lai J, Wang Q, Liang L, Wang W, Wang A, Zheng C. WAVE3 Induces EMT and Promotes Migration and Invasion in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:1950-60. [PMID: 26971088 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-016-4102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family verprolin-homologous protein 3 (WAVE3) plays a critical role in cancer progression and metastasis. However, the specific role of WAVE3 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) has not been studied. AIMS This study aimed to explore the role and mechanism of WAVE3 in the progression and metastasis of ICC. METHODS The expression of WAVE3 in ICC tissues and adjacent non-cancerous tissues was detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot analysis was utilized to detect the expression of WAVE3 in ICC cells. A transwell assay was used to assess the potential for migration and invasion. The expression of WAVE3 in CC-LP-1 cells was knocked down by small interfering RNA (siRNA) interference. RESULTS The expression of WAVE3 in ICC tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent non-cancerous tissues. The overall survival was lower in the subgroup of ICC patients with higher WAVE3 expression compared to the subgroup with a lower level of WAVE3 expression. WAVE3 expression was an adverse prognostic factor for ICC patients. CC-LP-1 cells expressed higher levels of WAVE3 protein compared to RBE cells and human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells, which correlated with greater migration and invasion capabilities compared with the RBE cells. After the transfection of CC-LP-1 cells with WAVE3 siRNA, the level of WAVE3 protein was significantly decreased, accompanied by a marked reduction in migration, invasion and proliferation. Moreover, after the knockdown of WAVE3 expression in CC-LP-1 cells, the protein levels of Slug and Vimentin were significantly decreased, while that of E-cadherin was significantly increased. CONCLUSIONS WAVE3 may represent a new adverse prognostic factor for patients with ICC. This protein enhances migration and invasion capabilities in ICC, most likely through the induction of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Zhu
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yin
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Jiaming Lai
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Lijian Liang
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Anxun Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chaoxu Zheng
- Department of Pancreato-biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, 58 Zhongshan Road II, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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WASF3 provides the conduit to facilitate invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells through HER2/HER3 signaling. Oncogene 2016; 35:4633-40. [PMID: 26804171 PMCID: PMC4959990 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The WASF3 gene is overexpressed in high-grade breast cancer and promotes invasion and metastasis but does not affect proliferation. The HER2/ERBB2/NEU gene is also frequently overexpressed in breast cancer and has been shown to promote invasion and metastasis in these tumors. Here we show that WASF3 in present in the HER2 immunocomplex and suppression of WASF3 function leads to suppression of invasion even in the presence of HER2 expression. Overexpression of both HER2 and WASF3 in non-metastatic MCF7 breast cancer cells promotes invasion and metastasis more significantly than either gene alone. HER2 forms homodimers as well as heterodimers with other HER family members and we now show that the ability of WASF3 to promote invasion is highly dependent on the HER2/HER3 heterodimer. The engagement of WASF3 with the HER2/HER3 complex facilitates its phospho-activation and transcriptional upregulation, which is facilitated by HER2/HER3 activation of JAK/STAT signaling. In breast cancer cells overexpressing HER2, therefore, WASF3 is specifically required to facilitate the invasion/metastasis response. Targeting WASF3, therefore, could be a potential therapeutic approach to suppress metastasis of HER2-overexpressing breast tumors.
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Teng Y, Bahassan A, Dong D, Hanold LE, Ren X, Kennedy EJ, Cowell JK. Targeting the WASF3-CYFIP1 Complex Using Stapled Peptides Suppresses Cancer Cell Invasion. Cancer Res 2015; 76:965-73. [PMID: 26676744 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the WASF3 protein by extracellular stimuli promotes actin cytoskeleton reorganization and facilitates cancer cell invasion, whereas WASF3 depletion suppresses invasion and metastasis. In quiescent cells, the interaction between WASF3 and a complex of proteins, including CYFIP1, acts as a conformational restraint to prevent WASF3 activation. Therefore, we took advantage of this endogenous regulatory mechanism to investigate potential sites that disrupt WASF3 function. Here, we show that genetic knockdown of CYFIP1 in cancer cells led to the destabilization of the WASF3 complex, loss of WASF3 function, and suppressed invasion. Based on existing crystallographic data, we developed stapled peptides, referred to as WASF Helix Mimics (WAHM), that target an α-helical interface between WASF3 and CYFIP1. Treatment of highly invasive breast and prostate cancer cells with WAHM inhibitor peptides significantly reduced motility and invasion in vitro. Mechanistic investigations revealed that these inhibitors suppressed the interaction between Rac and the WASF3 complex, which has been shown to promote cell migration. Furthermore, peptide-mediated inhibition of WASF3 also resulted in the dysregulation of known downstream targets such as MMP-9 and KISS1. Finally, we demonstrate that this invasive phenotype is specific to WASF3 as depletion of WASF1 and WASF2, which can also bind to CYFIP1, did not affect invasion. Collectively, our findings suggest that targeting WASF3 function with WAHM peptides could represent a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing tumor invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
| | | | - Dayong Dong
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Laura E Hanold
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Xiaoou Ren
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Eileen J Kennedy
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - John K Cowell
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia.
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The promise of zebrafish as a chemical screening tool in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:1395-405. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer progression in zebrafish recapitulates many aspects of human cancer and as a result, zebrafish have been gaining popularity for their potential use in basic and translational cancer research. Human cancer can be modeled in zebrafish by induction using chemical mutagens, xenotransplantation or by genetic manipulation. Chemical screens based on zebrafish cancer models offer a rapid, powerful and inexpensive means of evaluating the potential of suppression or prevention on cancer. The identification of small molecules through such screens will serve as ideal entry points for novel chemical therapies for cancer treatment. This article outlines advances that have been made within the growing field of zebrafish cancer models and presents their advantages for chemical drug screening.
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Frugtniet B, Jiang WG, Martin TA. Role of the WASP and WAVE family proteins in breast cancer invasion and metastasis. BREAST CANCER-TARGETS AND THERAPY 2015; 7:99-109. [PMID: 25941446 PMCID: PMC4416637 DOI: 10.2147/bctt.s59006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) and WASP family verprolin-homologous protein (WAVE) family are a group of molecules that form a key link between GTPases and the actin cytoskeleton. The role of WASP/WAVE family proteins in the control of actin polymerization through activation of the actin-related protein 2/3 complex is critical in the formation of the actin-based membrane protrusions seen in cell migration and invasion. For this reason, the activity of the WASP/WAVE family in cancer cell invasion and migration has been of great interest in recent years. Many reports have highlighted the potential of targeting the WASP/WAVE family as a therapy for the prevention of cancer progression, in particular breast cancer. This review focuses on the role of the WASP/WAVE family in breast cancer cell invasion and migration and how this relates to the molecular mechanisms of WASP/WAVE activity, their exact contributions to the stages of cancer progression, and how this can lead to the development of anticancer drugs that target the WASP/WAVE family and related pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethan Frugtniet
- Cardiff-China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff-China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Tracey A Martin
- Cardiff-China Medical Research Collaborative, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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Mitochondrial ATAD3A combines with GRP78 to regulate the WASF3 metastasis-promoting protein. Oncogene 2015; 35:333-43. [PMID: 25823022 PMCID: PMC4828935 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AAA domain containing 3A (ATAD3A) is an integral mitochondrial membrane protein with unknown function, although we now show that high-level expression is associated with poor survival in breast cancer patients. Using a mass spectrometry approach we have demonstrated that ATAD3A interacts with the WASF3 metastasis-promoting protein. Knockdown of ATAD3A leads to decreased WASF3 protein levels in breast and colon cancer cells. Silencing ATAD3A also results in loss of both cell anchorage-independent growth and invasion and suppression of tumor growth and metastasis in vivo using immuno-compromised mice. HSP70 is responsible for stabilizing WASF3 in the cytoplasm, but inactivation of HSP70 does not lead to the loss of WASF3 stability at the mitochondrial membrane, where presumably it is protected through its interaction with ATAD3A. In response to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increases in the GRP78 protein level leads to increased WASF3 protein levels. We also show that ATAD3A was present in a WASF3-GRP78 complex, and suppression of GRP78 led to destabilization of WASF3 at the mitochondrial membrane, which was ATAD3A dependent. Furthermore, ATAD3A-mediated suppression of CDH1/E-cadherin occurs through its regulation of GRP78-mediated WASF3 stability. Proteolysis experiments using isolated mitochondria demonstrates the presence of the N-terminal end of WASF3 within the mitochondria, which is the interaction site with the N-terminal end of ATAD3A. It appears, therefore, that stabilization of WASF3 function occurs through its interaction with ATAD3A and GRP78, which may provide a bridge between the ER and mitochondria, allowing communication between the two organelles. These findings also suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of ATAD3A could be an effective therapeutic strategy to treat human cancer.
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Davuluri G, Schiemann WP, Plow EF, Sossey-Alaoui K. Loss of WAVE3 sensitizes triple-negative breast cancers to chemotherapeutics by inhibiting the STAT-HIF-1α-mediated angiogenesis. JAKSTAT 2015; 3:e1009276. [PMID: 26413422 DOI: 10.1080/21623996.2015.1009276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemoresistance allows for disease to recur and ultimately causes the death of most breast cancer patients. This scenario is particularly relevant in patients harboring triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tumors for which there are no effective FDA-approved drugs. However, a recent study determined that TNBCs can be segregated into 6 genetically distinct subtypes that do in fact exhibit differential rates of pathological complete response (pCR) to standard-of-care chemotherapies. Of these, the mesenchymal and mesenchymal stem-like subtypes of TNBCs exhibit the lowest rates of pCR when treated with standard-of-care chemotherapies. WAVE3 is an actin-cytoskeleton remodeling protein, and recent studies have highlighted a potential role for WAVE3 in promoting tumor progression and metastasis in TNBC. However, whether WAVE3 activity is involved in the development of chemoresistance in TNBCs remains unclear. Here we show that loss of WAVE3 expression resensitizes human TNBC cells to doxorubicin and docetaxel, as measured by increased apoptosis and cell death. We also show that WAVE3 knockdown in the chemotherapy-treated TNBC cells results in inhibition of STAT1 phosphorylation, as well as a significant decrease in expression levels of its downstream effector HIF-1α. Since HIF-1α is a major activator of VEGF-A production, and therefore a stimulator of tumor angiogenesis, loss of HIF-1α in the WAVE3-knockdown cells resulted in the inhibition the chemotherapy-mediated VEGF-A secretion and the downstream activation of angiogenesis, a phenomenon that often accompanies chemoresistance. Our data identify a critical role of WAVE3 in sensitizing TNBC to chemotherapy by inhibiting the STAT1→HIF-1α→VEGF-A signaling axis, and support the possibility that WAVE3 inhibition may be a promising target for TNBC cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Molecular Cardiology; Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute ; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - William P Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center; Case Western Reserve University ; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Edward F Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology; Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute ; Cleveland, OH USA
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology; Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute ; Cleveland, OH USA
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Davuluri G, Augoff K, Schiemann WP, Plow EF, Sossey-Alaoui K. WAVE3-NFκB interplay is essential for the survival and invasion of cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110627. [PMID: 25329315 PMCID: PMC4199728 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The WAVE3 cytoskeletal protein promotes cancer invasion and metastasis. We have shown that the WAVE3-mediated activation of cancer cell invasion is due, in part, to its regulation of expression and activity of key metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, which is centrally involved in invadopodia-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM). MMP9 is also a major NFκB target gene, suggesting a potential linkage of WAVE3 to this pathway, which we sought to investigate. Mechanistically, we found that loss of WAVE3 in cancer cells leads to inhibition of NFκB signaling as a result of a decrease in the nuclear translocation of NFκB and therefore loss of activation of NFκB target genes. Conversely, overexpression of WAVE3 was sufficient to enhance NFκB activity. Both pharmacologic and genetic manipulations of NFκB effector molecules show that the biological consequence of loss of WAVE3 function in the NFκB pathway result the inhibition of invadopodia formation and ECM degradation by cancer cells, and these changes are a consequence of decreased MMP9 expression and activity. Loss of WAVE3 also sensitized cancer cells to apoptosis and cell death driven by TNFα, through the inhibition of the AKT pro-survival pathway. Our results identify a novel function of WAVE3 in NFκB signaling, where its activity is essential for the regulation of invadopodia and ECM degradation. Therefore, targeted therapeutic inhibition of WAVE3 will sensitize cancer cells to apoptosis and cell death, and suppress cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangarao Davuluri
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Katarzyna Augoff
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - William P. Schiemann
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Edward F. Plow
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shen L, Wang P, Yang J, Li X. MicroRNA-217 regulates WASF3 expression and suppresses tumor growth and metastasis in osteosarcoma. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109138. [PMID: 25289936 PMCID: PMC4188591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common type of primary tumor of bone which mainly affects adolescents and young adults. Osteosarcoma causes large number of deaths because of its complex pathogenesis and resistance to conventional treatment. MicroRNAs are a class of small noncoding RNAs that function as critical gene regulators through targeting mRNAs, causing translational repression or degradation. In this study, we showed that miR-217 was down-regulated in osteosarcoma cell lines and tissues in comparison to that in normal bone cells or tissues. Meanwhile, the lower level of miR-217 was associated with metastasis in clinical osteosarcoma patients. Furthermore, we found that overexpession of miR-217 markedly suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of osteosarcoma cells. Conversely, the inhibition of miR-217 expression significantly accelerated the cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, we identified WASF3 as a novel functional downstream target of miR-217. The ectopic expression of WASF3 can partially reverse the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion caused by miR-217. Take together, our results demonstrate that miR-217 functions as a tumor-suppressive miRNA and inhibits the osteosarcoma tumorigenesis through targeting WASF3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shen
- Department of Anatomy, Qiqihar Medical School, Qiqihar, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jili Yang
- Department of TCM, Jilin Province Tumor Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaotao Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China
- * E-mail:
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Wu J, Wang GC, Chen XJ, Xue ZR. Expression of WASF3 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: Correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis. Oncol Lett 2014; 8:1169-1174. [PMID: 25120680 PMCID: PMC4114608 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein family member 3 (WASF3) is required for invasion and metastasis in different cancer cell types, and has been demonstrated to possess prognostic value in various types of human cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, the expression profile of WASF3 and its correlations with the clinicopathological features of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have not yet been described. In the present study, the mRNA expression levels of WASF3, in 38 NSCLC patients and in matched normal tissues, were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the protein expression in 96 specimens was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. In addition, patient survival data were collected retrospectively and the association between WASF3 expression and five-year overall survival was evaluated. The results demonstrated that the mRNA expression level of WASF3 in cancer tissues was markedly (approximately five times) higher compared with that of the normal tissues. The WASF3 protein expression profile in NSCLC was consistent with the mRNA expression result, which also correlated with the histological subtype and tumor stage. Furthermore, patients with WASF3-positive expression were associated with a poorer prognosis compared with those exhibiting WASF3-negative expression, and the five-year survival rate was 20.8 and 46.5%, respectively (Kaplan-Meier; log-rank, P=0.004). In the multivariate analysis, which included other clinicopathological features, WASF3 emerged as an independent prognostic factor (relative risk, 0.463; 95% CI, 0.271–0.792). These results indicate that WASF3 may be critical in the pathogenesis of NSCLC, in addition to being a valuable prognostic factor for NSCLC patients. Further investigations are required to identify the efficacy of WASF3 as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Chuan Wang
- Department of Immunology, Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Jun Chen
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zhan-Rui Xue
- Department of Pathology, Liaoning Medical University, Liaoning, Jinzhou 121000, P.R. China
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Teng Y, Ross JL, Cowell JK. The involvement of JAK-STAT3 in cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. JAKSTAT 2014; 3:e28086. [PMID: 24778926 PMCID: PMC3995737 DOI: 10.4161/jkst.28086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
JAK-STAT3 signaling, while regulating many aspects of cancer development and progression, promotes invasion and metastasis through activation of key metastasis promoting genes such as WASF3. STAT3 promotes WASF3 expression and JAK2 independently activates it, which is required for invasion. JAK-STAT3 signaling is dependent on WASF3 function, since its inactivation in cells expressing JAK-STAT3 suppresses invasion. WASF3 overexpression leads to activation of NFκB and ZEB1 which also promote invasion through regulation of target genes involved in metastasis. NFκB frequently cooperates with STAT3 to upregulate metastasis promoting genes such as matrix metalloproteinases and cytokines, as well as to suppress microRNAs which can suppresses invasion. This better understanding of the complex role played by JAK-STAT3 in the regulation of cell movement, invasion, and metastasis provides opportunities to suppress this lethal aspect of cancer progression by not only targeting the JAK and STAT3 proteins directly, but also some of the downstream effectors of JAK-STAT3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center; Augusta, GA USA
| | - James L Ross
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center; Augusta, GA USA
| | - John K Cowell
- Georgia Regents University Cancer Center; Augusta, GA USA
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The complex function of hsp70 in metastatic cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 6:42-66. [PMID: 24362507 PMCID: PMC3980608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers6010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated expression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) is known to correlate with poor prognosis in many cancers. Hsp70 confers survival advantage as well as resistance to chemotherapeutic agents, and promotes tumor cell invasion. At the same time, tumor-derived extracellular Hsp70 has been recognized as a "chaperokine", activating antitumor immunity. In this review we discuss localization dependent functions of Hsp70 in the context of invasive cancer. Understanding the molecular principles of metastasis formation steps, as well as interactions of the tumor cells with the microenvironment and the immune system is essential for fighting metastatic cancer. Although Hsp70 has been implicated in different steps of the metastatic process, the exact mechanisms of its action remain to be explored. Known and potential functions of Hsp70 in controlling or modulating of invasion and metastasis are discussed.
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Mycophenolic acid inhibits migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells via multiple molecular pathways. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81702. [PMID: 24260584 PMCID: PMC3829969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycophenolic acid (MPA) is the metabolized product and active element of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) that has been widely used for the prevention of acute graft rejection. MPA potently inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) that is up-regulated in many tumors and MPA is known to inhibit cancer cell proliferation as well as fibroblast and endothelial cell migration. In this study, we demonstrated for the first time MPA’s antimigratory and anti-invasion abilities of MPA-sensitive AGS (gastric cancer) cells. Genome-wide expression analyses using Illumina whole genome microarrays identified 50 genes with ≥2 fold changes and 15 genes with > 4 fold alterations and multiple molecular pathways implicated in cell migration. Real-time RT-PCR analyses of selected genes also confirmed the expression differences. Furthermore, targeted proteomic analyses identified several proteins altered by MPA treatment. Our results indicate that MPA modulates gastric cancer cell migration through down-regulation of a large number of genes (PRKCA, DOCK1, INF2, HSPA5, LRP8 and PDGFRA) and proteins (PRKCA, AKT, SRC, CD147 and MMP1) with promigratory functions as well as up-regulation of a number of genes with antimigratory functions (ATF3, SMAD3, CITED2 and CEAMCAM1). However, a few genes that may promote migration (CYR61 and NOS3) were up-regulated. Therefore, MPA’s overall antimigratory role on cancer cells reflects a balance between promigratory and antimigratory signals influenced by MPA treatment.
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Teng Y, Xie X, Walker S, White DT, Mumm JS, Cowell JK. Evaluating human cancer cell metastasis in zebrafish. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:453. [PMID: 24089705 PMCID: PMC3852235 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vivo metastasis assays have traditionally been performed in mice, but the process is inefficient and costly. However, since zebrafish do not develop an adaptive immune system until 14 days post-fertilization, human cancer cells can survive and metastasize when transplanted into zebrafish larvae. Despite isolated reports, there has been no systematic evaluation of the robustness of this system to date. METHODS Individual cell lines were stained with CM-Dil and injected into the perivitelline space of 2-day old zebrafish larvae. After 2-4 days fish were imaged using confocal microscopy and the number of metastatic cells was determined using Fiji software. RESULTS To determine whether zebrafish can faithfully report metastatic potential in human cancer cells, we injected a series of cells with different metastatic potential into the perivitelline space of 2 day old embryos. Using cells from breast, prostate, colon and pancreas we demonstrated that the degree of cell metastasis in fish is proportional to their invasion potential in vitro. Highly metastatic cells such as MDA231, DU145, SW620 and ASPC-1 are seen in the vasculature and throughout the body of the fish after only 24-48 hours. Importantly, cells that are not invasive in vitro such as T47D, LNCaP and HT29 do not metastasize in fish. Inactivation of JAK1/2 in fibrosarcoma cells leads to loss of invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo, and in zebrafish these cells show limited spread throughout the zebrafish body compared with the highly metastatic parental cells. Further, knockdown of WASF3 in DU145 cells which leads to loss of invasion in vitro and metastasis in vivo also results in suppression of metastasis in zebrafish. In a cancer progression model involving normal MCF10A breast epithelial cells, the degree of invasion/metastasis in vitro and in mice is mirrored in zebrafish. Using a modified version of Fiji software, it is possible to quantify individual metastatic cells in the transparent larvae to correlate with invasion potential. We also demonstrate, using lung cancers, that the zebrafish model can evaluate the metastatic ability of cancer cells isolated from primary tumors. CONCLUSIONS The zebrafish model described here offers a rapid, robust, and inexpensive means of evaluating the metastatic potential of human cancer cells. Using this model it is possible to critically evaluate whether genetic manipulation of signaling pathways affects metastasis and whether primary tumors contain metastatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Xiayang Xie
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Steven Walker
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David T White
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Jeff S Mumm
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
- Vision Discovery Institute, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John K Cowell
- Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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Teng Y, Ghoshal P, Ngoka L, Mei Y, Cowell JK. Critical role of the WASF3 gene in JAK2/STAT3 regulation of cancer cell motility. Carcinogenesis 2013; 34:1994-9. [PMID: 23677069 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgt167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
WASF3 has been shown to be required for invasion and metastasis in different cancer cell types and knockdown of WASF3 leads to suppression of invasion/metastasis. Aberrant signaling through the interleukin 6/Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) axis in cancer cells has emerged as a major mechanism for cancer progression. In this study, we demonstrate that interleukin 6 induces both WASF3 expression and phosphoactivation in breast and prostate cancer cell lines through the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in two different ways. First, we show that STAT3 binds directly to the WASF3 promoter and increases transcription levels, which correlates with increased migration potential. Inactivation of STAT3 with short hairpin RNA, dominant negative constructs or S3I-201 leads to reduced WASF3 levels and reduced migration. Second, we have shown that JAK2, while activating STAT3, also interacts with and activates WASF3. Inhibition of JAK2 with short hairpin RNA or AG490 leads to loss of migration due to reduced WASF3 activation levels and prevention of its membrane localization. Together, these results define a novel signaling network whereby JAK2/STAT3 signaling creates a feed-forward loop to raise activated WASF3 levels that promote cancer cell motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Teng
- Georgia Health Sciences University Cancer Center, CN 2115, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Sossey-Alaoui K. Surfing the big WAVE: Insights into the role of WAVE3 as a driving force in cancer progression and metastasis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2013; 24:287-97. [PMID: 23116924 PMCID: PMC4207066 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
WAVE3 belongs to the WASP/WAVE family of actin cytoskeleton remodeling proteins. These proteins are known to be involved in several biological functions ranging from controlling cell shape and movement, to being closely associated with pathological conditions such as cancer progression and metastasis. Last decade has seen an explosion in the literature reporting significant scientific advances on the molecular mechanisms whereby the WASP/WAVE proteins are regulated both in normal physiological as well as pathological conditions. The purpose of this review is to present the major findings pertaining to how WAVE3 has become a critical player in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in cancer progression and metastasis. The review will conclude with suggesting options for the potential use of WAVE3 as a therapeutic target to prevent the progression of cancer to the lethal stage that is the metastatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Sossey-Alaoui
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, 9500 Euclid Ave., NB-50, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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Teng Y, Mei Y, Hawthorn L, Cowell JK. WASF3 regulates miR-200 inactivation by ZEB1 through suppression of KISS1 leading to increased invasiveness in breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2013; 33:203-11. [PMID: 23318438 PMCID: PMC3998093 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The WASF3 gene promotes invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells which have undergone epithelial-to-mesenchyme transition (EMT). Overexpression of WASF3 in cells that do not show EMT increases their invasion potential as a result of increased ZEB1/2 levels which specifically suppress the anti-invasion chromosome 1 miR-200a/ 200b/429 cluster. ZEB1/2 upregulation by WASF3 results from downregulation of KISS1, leading to release of inhibition of NFκB by IκBα. We further show that ZEB1 expression is regulated by the NFκB transcription factor. Knockdown of WASF3 in breast cancer cells leads to reduced ZEB1 levels and increased miR-200 and E-cadherin levels, resulting in loss of invasion potential. The central regulation of this interactive pathway by WASF3 accounts for the increased invasion associated with increased WASF3 expression seen in aggressive breast cancer cells. WASF3, therefore, is a potential target to suppress invasion and metastasis in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Teng
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Y Mei
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L Hawthorn
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - J K Cowell
- Georgia Health Sciences University, Cancer Center, Augusta, GA, USA
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