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Kang Q, Ma D, Zhao P, Chai X, Huang Y, Gao R, Zhang T, Liu P, Deng B, Feng C, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Li Y, Fang Q, Wang J. BRG1 promotes progression of B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia by disrupting PPP2R1A transcription. Cell Death Dis 2024; 15:621. [PMID: 39187513 PMCID: PMC11347705 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-024-06996-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 08/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/28/2024]
Abstract
Despite advancements in chemotherapy and the availability of novel therapies, the outcome of adult patients with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains unsatisfactory. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of B-ALL. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) is a poor prognostic factor for multiple cancers. Here, the expression of BRG1 was found to be higher in patients with B-ALL, irrespective of the molecular subtype, than in healthy individuals, and its overexpression was associated with a poor prognosis. Upregulation of BRG1 accelerated cell cycle progression into the S phase, resulting in increased cell proliferation, whereas its downregulation facilitated the apoptosis of B-ALL cells. Mechanistically, BRG1 occupies the transcriptional activation site of PPP2R1A, thereby inhibiting its expression and activating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to regulate the proto-oncogenes c-Myc and BCL-2. Consistently, silencing of BRG1 and administration of PFI-3 (a specific inhibitor targeting BRG1) significantly inhibited the progression of leukemia and effectively prolonged survival in cell-derived xenograft mouse models of B-ALL. Altogether, this study demonstrates that BRG1-induced overactivation of the PPP2R1A/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway plays an important role in promoting the progression of B-ALL. Therefore, targeting BRG1 represents a promising strategy for the treatment of B-ALL in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Kang
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Xiao Chai
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yi Huang
- Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Rui Gao
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Tianzhuo Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Cheng Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yinghao Lu
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yanju Li
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Qin Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Jishi Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China.
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Center of Guizhou Province, Key Laboratory of Hematological Disease Diagnostic & Treat Centre of Guizhou Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China.
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Hu A, Chen G, Bao B, Guo Y, Li D, Wang X, Wang J, Li Q, Zhou Y, Gao H, Song J, Du X, Zheng L, Tong Q. Therapeutic targeting of CNBP phase separation inhibits ribosome biogenesis and neuroblastoma progression via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity. Clin Transl Med 2023; 13:e1235. [PMID: 37186134 PMCID: PMC10131295 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NB) is the most common extracranial malignancy in childhood; however, the mechanisms underlying its aggressive characteristics still remain elusive. METHODS Integrative data analysis was performed to reveal tumour-driving transcriptional regulators. Co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry assays were applied for protein interaction studies. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, sequential chromatin immunoprecipitation and dual-luciferase reporter assays were carried out to explore gene expression regulation. The biological characteristics of NB cell lines were examined via gain- and loss-of-function assays. For survival analysis, the Cox regression model and log-rank tests were used. RESULTS Cellular nucleic acid-binding protein (CNBP) was found to be an independent factor affecting NB outcome, which exerted oncogenic roles in ribosome biogenesis, tumourigenesis and aggressiveness. Mechanistically, karyopherin subunit beta 1 (KPNB1) was responsible for nuclear transport of CNBP, whereas liquid condensates of CNBP repressed the activity of switch/sucrose-nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) core subunits (SMARCC2/SMARCC1/SMARCA4) via interaction with SMARCC2, leading to alternatively increased activity of SMARCC1/SMARCA4 binary complex in facilitating gene expression essential for 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing in tumour cells, extracellular vesicle-mediated delivery of 18S rRNA and subsequent M2 macrophage polarisation. A cell-penetrating peptide blocking phase separation and interaction of CNBP with SMARCC2 inhibited ribosome biogenesis and NB progression. High KPNB1, CNBP, SMARCC1 or SMARCA4 expression or low SMARCC2 levels were associated with poor survival of NB patients. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that CNBP phase separation is a target for inhibiting ribosome biogenesis and tumour progression in NB via modulating SWI/SNF complex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anpei Hu
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Guo Chen
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Banghe Bao
- Department of PathologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yanhua Guo
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic ResearchUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Jianqun Wang
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of PathologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Haiyang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Jiyu Song
- Department of PathologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Xinyi Du
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Liduan Zheng
- Department of PathologyUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic ResearchUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
| | - Qiangsong Tong
- Department of Pediatric SurgeryUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
- Clinical Center of Human Genomic ResearchUnion Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei ProvinceP. R. China
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Yoshikawa T, Fukuda A, Omatsu M, Namikawa M, Sono M, Yuichi F, Masuda T, Araki O, Nagao M, Ogawa S, Masuo K, Goto N, Hiramatsu Y, Muta Y, Tsuda M, Maruno T, Nakanishi Y, Kawada K, Takaishi S, Seno H. JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion of human colorectal cancer in the context of BRG1 suppression. Cancer Sci 2022; 113:3417-3427. [PMID: 35924439 PMCID: PMC9530857 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor stem cells (TSCs), capable of self‐renewal and continuous production of progeny cells, could be potential therapeutic targets. We have recently reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is required for maintenance of murine intestinal TSCs and stemness feature of human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by inhibiting apoptosis. However, it is still unclear how BRG1 suppression changes the underlying intracellular mechanisms of human CRC cells. We found that Brg1 suppression resulted in upregulation of the JNK signaling pathway in human CRC cells and murine intestinal TSCs. Simultaneous suppression of BRG1 and the JNK pathway, either by pharmacological inhibition or silencing of c‐JUN, resulted in even stronger inhibition of the expansion of human CRC cells compared to Brg1 suppression alone. Consistently, high c‐JUN expression correlated with worse prognosis for survival in human CRC patients with low BRG1 expression. Therefore, the JNK pathway plays a critical role for expansion and stemness of human CRC cells in the context of BRG1 suppression, and thus a combined blockade of BRG1 and the JNK pathway could be a novel therapeutic approach against human CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kitano Hospital, Tazuke Kofukai Medical Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuki Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mio Namikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fukunaga Yuichi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munemasa Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Masuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research (DSK project), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Muta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takaishi
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research (DSK project), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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4
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Ghavami S, Zamani M, Ahmadi M, Erfani M, Dastghaib S, Darbandi M, Darbandi S, Vakili O, Siri M, Grabarek BO, Boroń D, Zarghooni M, Wiechec E, Mokarram P. Epigenetic regulation of autophagy in gastrointestinal cancers. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166512. [PMID: 35931405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutic approaches is necessary to manage gastrointestinal cancers (GICs). Considering the effective molecular mechanisms involved in tumor growth, the therapeutic response is pivotal in this process. Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process that acts as a double-edged sword in tumorigenesis and tumor inhibition in a context-dependent manner. Depending on the stage of malignancy and cellular origin of the tumor, autophagy might result in cancer cell survival or death during the GICs' progression. Moreover, autophagy can prevent the progression of GIC in the early stages but leads to chemoresistance in advanced stages. Therefore, targeting specific arms of autophagy could be a promising strategy in the prevention of chemoresistance and treatment of GIC. It has been revealed that autophagy is a cytoplasmic event that is subject to transcriptional and epigenetic regulation inside the nucleus. The effect of epigenetic regulation (including DNA methylation, histone modification, and expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in cellular fate is still not completely understood. Recent findings have indicated that epigenetic alterations can modify several genes and modulators, eventually leading to inhibition or promotion of autophagy in different cancer stages, and mediating chemoresistance or chemosensitivity. The current review focuses on the links between autophagy and epigenetics in GICs and discusses: 1) How autophagy and epigenetics are linked in GICs, by considering different epigenetic mechanisms; 2) how epigenetics may be involved in the alteration of cancer-related phenotypes, including cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; and 3) how epidrugs modulate autophagy in GICs to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Ghavami
- Department of Human Anatomy and Cell Science, Rady Faculty of Health Sciences, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, Cancer Care Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada; Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland.
| | - Mozhdeh Zamani
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mazaher Ahmadi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Mehran Erfani
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Sanaz Dastghaib
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahsa Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Darbandi
- Fetal Health Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran; Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Hope Generation Foundation, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Vakili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Morvarid Siri
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Beniamin Oskar Grabarek
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dariusz Boroń
- Department of Histology, Cytophysiology, and Embryology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics in Zabrze, Faculty of Medicine in Zabrze, University of Technology in Katowice, Academia of Silesia, 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Maryam Zarghooni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto Alumni, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emilia Wiechec
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pooneh Mokarram
- Autophagy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
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Sun J, Ye L, Shi Y, Wang X, Zhao X, Ren S, Fan J, Shao H, Qin B. MiR-6511b-5p suppresses metastasis of pMMR colorectal cancer through methylation of CD44 by directly targeting BRG1. Clin Transl Oncol 2022; 24:1940-1953. [PMID: 35590122 PMCID: PMC9418090 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-022-02845-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Distal metastases are a major cause of poor prognosis in colorectal cancer patients. Approximately 95% of metastatic colorectal cancers are defined as DNA mismatch repair proficient (pMMR). Our previous study found that miR-6511b-5p was downregulated in pMMR colorectal cancer. However, the mechanism of miR-6511b-5p in pMMR colorectal cancer metastases remain unclear. METHODS We first used quantitative real-time PCR to evaluate the role of miR-6511b-5p in colorectal cancer. Second, we conducted invasion assays and wound healing assays to investigate the role of miR-6511b-5p and CD44 in colorectal cancer cells metastases. Third, luciferase reporter assay, in situ hybridization (ISH), and immunohistochemistry assays were performed to study the relationship between miR-6511b-5p and BRG1. Finally, real-time quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were performed to analyze the relationship between BRG1 and CD44 in colorectal cancer. RESULTS We found that lower expression of miR-6511b-5p appeared more often in pMMR colorectal cancer patients compared with dMMR (mismatch repair deficient) cases, and was positively correlated with metastases. In vitro, overexpression of miR-6511b-5p inhibited metastasis by decreasing CD44 expression via directly targeting BRG1 in colorectal cancer. Furthermore, BRG1 knockdown decreased the expression of CD44 by promoting CD44 methylation in colorectal cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that miR-6511b-5p may act as a promising biomarker and treatment target for pMMR colorectal cancer, particularly in metastatic patients. Mechanistically, miR-6511b-5p suppresses invasion and migration of colorectal cancer cells through methylation of CD44 via directly targeting BRG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- JinMing Sun
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - Yuan Shi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - XingWei Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - XiaFei Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - ShengYong Ren
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China
| | - JunWei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - HuanZhang Shao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
| | - BingYu Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Henan Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Zhengzhou Key Laboratory for Critical Care Medicine, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
- Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Henan University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450003, Henan, China.
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6
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Yoshikawa T, Fukuda A, Omatsu M, Namikawa M, Sono M, Fukunaga Y, Masuda T, Araki O, Nagao M, Ogawa S, Masuo K, Goto N, Hiramatsu Y, Muta Y, Tsuda M, Maruno T, Nakanishi Y, Kawada K, Takaishi S, Seno H. Brg1 is required to maintain colorectal cancer stem cells. J Pathol 2021; 255:257-269. [PMID: 34415580 DOI: 10.1002/path.5759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tumor cells capable of self-renewal and continuous production of progeny cells are called tumor stem cells (TSCs) and are considered to be potential therapeutic targets. However, the mechanisms underlying the survival and function of TSCs are not fully understood. We previously reported that chromatin remodeling regulator Brg1 is essential for intestinal stem cells in mice and Dclk1 is an intestinal TSC marker. In this study, we investigated the role of Brg1 in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells for the maintenance of intestinal tumors in mice. Specific ablation of Brg1 in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells reduced intestinal tumors in ApcMin mice, and continuous ablation of Brg1 maintained the reduction of intestinal tumors. Lineage tracing in the context of Brg1 ablation in Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells revealed that Brg1-null Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells did not give rise to their descendent tumor cells, indicating that Brg1 is essential for the self-renewal of Dclk1+ intestinal tumor cells. Five days after Brg1 ablation, we observed increased apoptosis in Dclk1+ tumor cells. Furthermore, Brg1 was crucial for the stemness of intestinal tumor cells in a spheroid culture system. BRG1 knockdown also impaired cell proliferation and increased apoptosis in human colorectal cancer (CRC) cells. Microarray analysis revealed that apoptosis-related genes were upregulated and stem cell-related genes were downregulated in human CRC cells by BRG1 suppression. Consistently, high BRG1 expression correlated with poor disease-specific survival in human CRC patients. These data indicate that Brg1 plays a crucial role in intestinal TSCs in mice by inhibiting apoptosis and is critical for cell survival and stem cell features in human CRC cells. Thus, BRG1 represents a new therapeutic target for human CRC. © 2021 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaaki Yoshikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihisa Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mayuki Omatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mio Namikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Sono
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Drug Discovery Medicine, Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomonori Masuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Araki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Munemasa Nagao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Masuo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research (DSK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Norihiro Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hiramatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yu Muta
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Tsuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Maruno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kenji Kawada
- Department of Surgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shigeo Takaishi
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research (DSK Project), Medical Innovation Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Seno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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7
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Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang X, Xu Q, Wu Z, Cao X, Shao M, Shu Y, Lv T, Lu C, Xie M, Wen T, Yang J, Shi Y, Bu H. Brahma-Related Gene 1 Inhibition Prevents Liver Fibrosis and Cholangiocarcinoma by Attenuating Progenitor Expansion. Hepatology 2021; 74:797-815. [PMID: 33650193 DOI: 10.1002/hep.31780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) is closely correlated with hepatic progenitor cell (HPC) expansion and liver fibrosis. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1), an enzymatic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable complex that is critical in stem cell maintenance and tumor promotion, is prominently up-regulated in both HPCs and iCCA; however, its role in this correlation remains undefined. APPROACH AND RESULTS A retrospective cohort study indicated that high Brg1 expression suggests poor prognosis in patients with iCCA. In chronically injured livers induced by a 0.1% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine diet or bile duct ligation surgery, HPCs were dramatically activated, as indicated by their enhanced expression of Brg1 and a subset of stem cell markers; however, Brg1 ablation in HPCs strongly suppressed HPC expansion and liver fibrosis. Furthermore, in a chemically induced iCCA model, inhibition of Brg1 by a specific inhibitor or inducible gene ablation markedly improved histology and suppressed iCCA growth. Mechanistically, in addition to transcriptionally promoting both Wnt receptor genes and target genes, Brg1 was found to bind to the β-catenin/transcription factor 4 transcription complex, suggesting a possible approach for regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the function of Brg1 in promoting HPC expansion, liver cirrhosis, and, ultimately, iCCA development in chronically injured livers, which is largely dependent on Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our data suggest that therapies targeting Brg1-expressing HPCs are promising for the treatment of liver cirrhosis and iCCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Zhou
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuwei Chen
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Qing Xu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenru Wu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xiaoyue Cao
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingyang Shao
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yuke Shu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Tao Lv
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Changli Lu
- Department of PathologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Mingjun Xie
- Department of General SurgeryThe First People's Hospital of YibinYibinChina
| | - Tianfu Wen
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Jiayin Yang
- Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of Liver SurgeryWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yujun Shi
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Laboratory of Liver TransplantationFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular NetworkWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hong Bu
- Laboratory of PathologyKey Laboratory of Transplant Engineering and ImmunologyNHCWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina.,Department of PathologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
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8
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Yao B, Gui T, Zeng X, Deng Y, Wang Z, Wang Y, Yang D, Li Q, Xu P, Hu R, Li X, Chen B, Wang J, Zen K, Li H, Davis MJ, Herold MJ, Pan HF, Jiang ZW, Huang DCS, Liu M, Ju J, Zhao Q. PRMT1-mediated H4R3me2a recruits SMARCA4 to promote colorectal cancer progression by enhancing EGFR signaling. Genome Med 2021; 13:58. [PMID: 33853662 PMCID: PMC8048298 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-021-00871-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant changes in epigenetic mechanisms such as histone modifications play an important role in cancer progression. PRMT1 which triggers asymmetric dimethylation of histone H4 on arginine 3 (H4R3me2a) is upregulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) and is essential for cell proliferation. However, how this dysregulated modification might contribute to malignant transitions of CRC remains poorly understood. METHODS In this study, we integrated biochemical assays including protein interaction studies and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), cellular analysis including cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, and migration assays, clinical sample analysis, microarray experiments, and ChIP-Seq data to investigate the potential genomic recognition pattern of H4R3me2s in CRC cells and its effect on CRC progression. RESULTS We show that PRMT1 and SMARCA4, an ATPase subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex, act cooperatively to promote colorectal cancer (CRC) progression. We find that SMARCA4 is a novel effector molecule of PRMT1-mediated H4R3me2a. Mechanistically, we show that H4R3me2a directly recruited SMARCA4 to promote the proliferative, colony-formative, and migratory abilities of CRC cells by enhancing EGFR signaling. We found that EGFR and TNS4 were major direct downstream transcriptional targets of PRMT1 and SMARCA4 in colon cells, and acted in a PRMT1 methyltransferase activity-dependent manner to promote CRC cell proliferation. In vivo, knockdown or inhibition of PRMT1 profoundly attenuated the growth of CRC cells in the C57BL/6 J-ApcMin/+ CRC mice model. Importantly, elevated expression of PRMT1 or SMARCA4 in CRC patients were positively correlated with expression of EGFR and TNS4, and CRC patients had shorter overall survival. These findings reveal a critical interplay between epigenetic and transcriptional control during CRC progression, suggesting that SMARCA4 is a novel key epigenetic modulator of CRC. Our findings thus highlight PRMT1/SMARCA4 inhibition as a potential therapeutic intervention strategy for CRC. CONCLUSION PRMT1-mediated H4R3me2a recruits SMARCA4, which promotes colorectal cancer progression by enhancing EGFR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.,Department of Medical Genetics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Gui
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiangwei Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yexuan Deng
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ying Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Dongjun Yang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qixiang Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Peipei Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ruifeng Hu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Bing Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Jin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Ke Zen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, Beijing Frontier Research Center for Biological Structure, Tsinghua-Peking Joint Center for Life Sciences, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Melissa J Davis
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Marco J Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hua-Feng Pan
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - David C S Huang
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ming Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Junyi Ju
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Quan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Department of Hematology, the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, China-Australia Institute of Translational Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 163 Xianlin Avenue, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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9
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Dietrich N, Hoffman JA, Archer TK. BAF Complexes and the Glucocorticoid Receptor in Breast Cancers. CURRENT OPINION IN ENDOCRINE AND METABOLIC RESEARCH 2020; 15:8-14. [PMID: 35128145 PMCID: PMC8813045 DOI: 10.1016/j.coemr.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancers are a diverse group of diseases and are often characterized by their expression of receptors for hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. Recently another steroid hormone receptor, the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been shown to be a key player in breast cancer progression, metastasis, and treatment. These receptors bind to chromatin to elicit transcriptional changes within cells, which are often inhibited by the structure of chromatin itself. Chromatin remodeling proteins, such as Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), function to overcome this physical inhibition of transcription factor function and have been linked to many cancers including breast cancer. Recent efforts to understand the interactions of BRG1 and GR, including genomic and single cell analyses, within breast cancers may give insight into personalized medicine and other potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Dietrich
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States
| | - Jackson A. Hoffman
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States
| | - Trevor K. Archer
- Epigenetics and Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, North Carolina, United States
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10
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Enhanced SMARCD1, a subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, promotes liver cancer growth through the mTOR pathway. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 134:1457-1472. [PMID: 32514535 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The chromatin remodeling complex SWI/SNF regulates the accessibility of target genes to transcription factors and plays a critical role in the tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The SWI/SNF complex is assembled from approximately 15 subunits, and most of these subunits have distinct roles and are often aberrantly expressed in HCC. A comprehensive exploration of the expression and clinical significance of these subunits would be of great value. In the present study, we obtained the gene expression profile of each SWI/SNF subunit and the corresponding clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We found that 14 out of the 15 SWI/SNF subunits were significantly increased in HCC tissues compared with paired normal liver tissues, and 11 subunits were significantly associated with overall survival (OS). We identified a four-gene prognostic signature including actin-like 6A (ACTL6A), AT-rich interaction domain 1A (ARID1A), SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily C member 1 (SMARCC1) and SWI/SNF related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily D, member 1 (SMARCD1) that could effectively predict OS in HCC patients. Among the genes, SMARCD1 has the most prognostic value. We further conducted in vitro and in vivo experiments and revealed that SMARCD1 promotes liver cancer growth by activating the mTOR signaling pathway. In conclusion, our study has revealed that the expression of SWI/SNF complex subunits, especially SMARCD1, is highly associated with HCC development and acts as a promising prognostic predictor.
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11
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The Role of BRG1 in Antioxidant and Redox Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6095673. [PMID: 33014273 PMCID: PMC7512085 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6095673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Redox homeostasis is regulated by critical molecules that modulate antioxidant and redox signaling (ARS) within the cell. Imbalances among these molecules can lead to oxidative stress and damage to cell functions, causing a variety of diseases. Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), also known as SMARCA4, is the central ATPase catalytic subunit of the switch/sucrose nonfermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex, which plays a core role in DNA replication, repair, recombination, and transcriptional regulation. Numerous recent studies show that BRG1 is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes associated with ARS. BRG1, as a major factor in chromatin remodeling, is essential for the repair of oxidative stress-induced DNA damage and the activation of antioxidant genes under oxidative stress. Consequently, a comprehensive understanding of the roles of BRG1 in redox homeostasis is crucial to understand the normal functioning as well as pathological mechanisms. In this review, we summarized and discussed the role of BRG1 in the regulation of ARS.
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12
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Shi DM, Shi XL, Xing KL, Zhou HX, Lu LL, Wu WZ. miR-296-5p suppresses stem cell potency of hepatocellular carcinoma cells via regulating Brg1/Sall4 axis. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109650. [PMID: 32320856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a pivotal event during cancer progression such as relapse and metastasis, is positively correlated with the stemness potency of tumor cells. Our previous study showed that miR-296-5p attenuated EMT program of hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC) through NRG1/ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling. In the present study, we uncovered that miR-296-5p was able to inhibit the stemness potency of HCC by decreasing the number and size of tumorspheres, downregulating the expression of CSC biomarkers and hampering the ability of tumorigenesis in NOD/SCID mice. Brahma-related gene-1 (Brg1), as the target protein of miR-296-5p detected by bioinformatics methods, activates a series of downstream cascades through directly binding to Sall4 promoter and enhancing Sall4 transcription. Importantly, the higher expressions of Brg1 and Sall4 in tumor tissues of HCC patients suggest poorer prognoses after surgical extraction. In conclusion, miR-296-5p exerts an inhibitory effect on stemness potency of HCC cells via Brg1/Sall4 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Min Shi
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xiao-Li Shi
- Liver Transplantation Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, PR China
| | - Kai-Lin Xing
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Hong-Xin Zhou
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Li-Li Lu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhong Wu
- Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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13
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Hu B, Lin JZ, Yang XB, Sang XT. The roles of mutated SWI/SNF complexes in the initiation and development of hepatocellular carcinoma and its regulatory effect on the immune system: A review. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12791. [PMID: 32162380 PMCID: PMC7162795 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a primary liver malignancy with a high global prevalence and a dismal prognosis. Studies are urgently needed to examine the molecular pathogenesis and biological characteristics of HCC. Chromatin remodelling, an integral component of the DNA damage response, protects against DNA damage‐induced genome instability and tumorigenesis by triggering the signalling events that activate the interconnected DNA repair pathways. The SWI/SNF complexes are one of the most extensively investigated adenosine triphosphate‐dependent chromatin remodelling complexes, and mutations in genes encoding SWI/SNF subunits are frequently observed in various human cancers, including HCC. The mutated SWI/SNF complex subunits exert dual functions by accelerating or inhibiting HCC initiation and progression. Furthermore, the abnormal SWI/SNF complexes influence the transcription of interferon‐stimulated genes, as well as the differentiation, activation and recruitment of several immune cell types. In addition, they exhibit synergistic effects with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of diverse tumour types. Therefore, understanding the mutations and deficiencies of the SMI/SNF complexes, together with the associated functional mechanisms, may provide a novel strategy to treat HCC through targeting the related genes or modulating the tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Zhen Lin
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Ting Sang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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14
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Sun W, Yu J, Kang Q. Upregulation of heme oxygenase-1 by Brahma-related gene 1 through Nrf2 signaling confers protective effect against high glucose-induced oxidative damage of retinal ganglion cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 875:173038. [PMID: 32105681 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
High glucose (HG)-induced oxidative damage of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, a severe complication of diabetes mellitus. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) has currently emerged as a cytoprotective protein that alleviates oxidative damage induced by various stress. However, whether Brg1 is involved in the regulation of HG-induced oxidative damage of RGCs remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential role and underlying mechanism of Brg1 in regulating HG-induced damage of RGCs. We found that Brg1 expression was significantly downregulated in RGCs in response to HG treatment. Functional experiments showed that Brg1 knockdown enhanced HG-induced apoptosis and production of reactive oxygen species, while Brg1 overexpression suppressed HG-induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species production, showing a protective effect. Moreover, Brg1 overexpression resulted in an increase in nuclear expression of nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in RGCs. Notably, inhibition of Nrf2 or HO-1 significantly blocked Brg1-mediated protection against HG-induced damage. Overall, these findings demonstrate that Brg1 protects RGCs from HG-induced oxidative damage through promotion of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling, indicating a potential role of Brg1 in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China; Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Jingni Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an No.4 Hospital, Xi'an, 710004, China
| | - Qianyan Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710061, China.
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15
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Ciechomska IA, Jayaprakash C, Maleszewska M, Kaminska B. Histone Modifying Enzymes and Chromatin Modifiers in Glioma Pathobiology and Therapy Responses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1202:259-279. [PMID: 32034718 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-30651-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction pathways directly communicate and transform chromatin to change the epigenetic landscape and regulate gene expression. Chromatin acts as a dynamic platform of signal integration and storage. Histone modifications and alteration of chromatin structure play the main role in chromatin-based gene expression regulation. Alterations in genes coding for histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers result in malfunction of proteins that regulate chromatin modification and remodeling. Such dysregulations culminate in profound changes in chromatin structure and distorted patterns of gene expression. Gliomagenesis is a multistep process, involving both genetic and epigenetic alterations. Recent applications of next generation sequencing have revealed that many chromatin regulation-related genes, including ATRX, ARID1A, SMARCA4, SMARCA2, SMARCC2, BAF155 and hSNF5 are mutated in gliomas. In this review we summarize newly identified mechanisms affecting expression or functions of selected histone modifying enzymes and chromatin modifiers in gliomas. We focus on selected examples of pathogenic mechanisms involving ATRX, histone methyltransferase G9a, histone acetylases/deacetylases and chromatin remodeling complexes SMARCA2/4. We discuss the impact of selected epigenetics alterations on glioma pathobiology, signaling and therapeutic responses. We assess the attempts of targeting defective pathways with new inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona A Ciechomska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chinchu Jayaprakash
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marta Maleszewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Kaminska
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology, Neurobiology Center, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland.
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16
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Muthuswami R, Bailey L, Rakesh R, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA, Hockensmith JW. BRG1 is a prognostic indicator and a potential therapeutic target for prostate cancer. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15194-15205. [PMID: 30667054 PMCID: PMC6563042 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1) is one of two mutually exclusive ATPases that function as the catalytic subunit of human SWItch/Sucrose NonFermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling enzymes. BRG1 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in some cancer types but has been shown to be expressed at elevated levels, relative to normal tissue, in other cancers. Using TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) prostate cancer database, we determined that BRG1 mRNA and protein expression is elevated in prostate tumors relative to normal prostate tissue. Only 3 of 491 (0.6%) sequenced tumors showed amplification of the locus or mutation in the protein coding sequence, arguing against the idea that elevated expression due to amplification or expression of a mutant BRG1 protein is associated with prostate cancer. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that BRG1 expression in prostate tumors inversely correlated with survival. However, BRG1 expression did not correlate with Gleason score/International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Grade Group, indicating it is an independent predictor of tumor progression/patient outcome. To experimentally assess BRG1 as a possible therapeutic target, we treated prostate cancer cells with a biologic inhibitor called ADAADi (active DNA-dependent ATPase A Domain inhibitor) that targets the activity of the SNF2 family of ATPases in biochemical assays but showed specificity for BRG1 in prior tissue culture experiments. The inhibitor decreased prostate cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis. When directly injected into xenografts established by injection of prostate cancer cells in mouse flanks, the inhibitor decreased tumor growth and increased survival. These results indicate the efficacy of pursuing BRG1 as both an indicator of patient outcome and as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rohini Muthuswami
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia,School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru UniversityNew DelhiIndia
| | - LeeAnn Bailey
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
| | | | - Anthony N. Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular PharmacologyUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A. Nickerson
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Massachusetts Medical SchoolWorcesterMassachusetts
| | - Joel W. Hockensmith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of Virginia School of MedicineCharlottesvilleVirginia
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17
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Voutsadakis IA. The pluripotency network in colorectal cancer pathogenesis and prognosis: an update. Biomark Med 2019; 12:653-665. [PMID: 29944017 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2017-0369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Stemness characteristics are defining properties of cancer initiating cells and are associated with the ability to metastasize and survive in hostile environments. Establishment of the stem cell network depends on the action of a set of core transcription factors that work in concert with other ancillary proteins that are also important during embryonic development. New data consolidate the role of core pluripotency transcription factors OCT4, SOX2 and NANOG as adverse prognostic factors in colorectal cancer. mRNA-binding proteins LIN28 and Musashi, that are associated with stemness, and epigenetic modifiers such as de-acetylase SIRT1 may also have prognostic value in colorectal cancer. This paper provides an update of the stem cell factors in the pathogenesis and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis A Voutsadakis
- Algoma District Cancer Program, Sault Area Hospital, Sault Ste Marie, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Clinical Sciences, Northern Ontario School of Medicine, Sudbury, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Li F, Liang J, Tang D. Brahma-related gene 1 ameliorates the neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation through activation of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 108:1216-1224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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19
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Zou W, Ding F, Niu C, Fu Z, Liu S. Brg1 aggravates airway inflammation in asthma via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 503:3212-3218. [PMID: 30149919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.08.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway is thought to be closely associated with airway inflammation and is regulated by various upstream proteins. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) plays an important role in chromatin remodeling and facilitates recruitment of essential transcription factors, leading to regulation of gene expression. Thus, the present study aimed at evaluating the anti-inflammatory role of Brg1 on house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma through regulating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. The Brgfl/fl mice were crossbred with the SFTPC-Cre mice to generate bronchial epithelial cell specific Brg1 knockout mice, and LY294002 was used to inhibit PI3K. Western blot, immunofluorescence, immunoprecipitation, and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of proteins. An increase in Brg1 and a decrease in the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway activity were detected in asthmatic mice, but not in control mice. When Brg1 was knocked out, the asthma severity was ameliorated and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway was activated. However, this protective effect could be suppressed by LY294002. Additionally, we observed that Brg1 was co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated with PI3K, using immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation assays. Our results suggest that Brg1 might play an essential role in maintaining airway inflammation and affect the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Zou
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Fengxia Ding
- Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Niu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Fu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China
| | - Sha Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Number. 136, Zhong Shan 2nd Road, Yuzhong District, 400014, Chongqing, China.
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20
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Zaidi SK, Fritz AJ, Tracy KM, Gordon JA, Tye CE, Boyd J, Van Wijnen AJ, Nickerson JA, Imbalzano AN, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS. Nuclear organization mediates cancer-compromised genetic and epigenetic control. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 69:1-10. [PMID: 29759441 PMCID: PMC6102062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear organization is functionally linked to genetic and epigenetic regulation of gene expression for biological control and is modified in cancer. Nuclear organization supports cell growth and phenotypic properties of normal and cancer cells by facilitating physiologically responsive interactions of chromosomes, genes and regulatory complexes at dynamic three-dimensional microenvironments. We will review nuclear structure/function relationships that include: 1. Epigenetic bookmarking of genes by phenotypic transcription factors to control fidelity and plasticity of gene expression as cells enter and exit mitosis; 2. Contributions of chromatin remodeling to breast cancer nuclear morphology, metabolism and effectiveness of chemotherapy; 3. Relationships between fidelity of nuclear organization and metastasis of breast cancer to bone; 4. Dynamic modifications of higher-order inter- and intra-chromosomal interactions in breast cancer cells; 5. Coordinate control of cell growth and phenotype by tissue-specific transcription factors; 6. Oncofetal epigenetic control by bivalent histone modifications that are functionally related to sustaining the stem cell phenotype; and 7. Noncoding RNA-mediated regulation in the onset and progression of breast cancer. The discovery of components to nuclear organization that are functionally related to cancer and compromise gene expression have the potential for translation to innovative cancer diagnosis and targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Andrew J Fritz
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Kirsten M Tracy
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Jonathan A Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Coralee E Tye
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Joseph Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Andre J Van Wijnen
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Pediatrics, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Antony N Imbalzano
- Graduate Program in Cell Biology and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, UMass Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States.
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21
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Li Y, Zhao Y, Cheng M, Qiao Y, Wang Y, Xiong W, Yue W. Suppression of microRNA-144-3p attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation-induced neuronal injury by promoting Brg1/Nrf2/ARE signaling. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2018; 32:e22044. [PMID: 29457851 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has reported that microRNA-144-3p (miR-144-3p) is highly related to oxidative stress and apoptosis. However, little is known regarding its role in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion-induced neuronal injury. Herein, our results showed that miR-144-3p expression was significantly downregulated in neurons following oxygen-glucose deprivation and reoxygenation (OGD/R) treatment. Overexpression of miR-144-3p markedly reduced cell viability, promoted cell apoptosis, and increased oxidative stress in neurons with OGD/R treatment, whereas downregulation of miR-144-3p protected neurons against OGD/R-induced injury. Brahma-related gene 1 (Brg1) was identified as a potential target gene of miR-144-3p. Moreover, downregulation of miR-144-3p promoted the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and increased antioxidant response element (ARE) activity. However, knockdown of Brg1 significantly abrogated the neuroprotective effects of miR-144-3p downregulation. Overall, our results suggest that miR-144-3p contributes to OGD/R-induced neuronal injury in vitro through negatively regulating Brg1/Nrf2/ARE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanru Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Yongli Zhao
- Department of Intervention, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Mingkun Cheng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Yingjie Qiao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Yongtao Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Wancheng Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453100, China
| | - Wei Yue
- Department of Imaging, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China
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22
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Wu Q, Madany P, Dobson JR, Schnabl JM, Sharma S, Smith TC, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Muthuswami R, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA. The BRG1 chromatin remodeling enzyme links cancer cell metabolism and proliferation. Oncotarget 2018; 7:38270-38281. [PMID: 27223259 PMCID: PMC5122388 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells reprogram cellular metabolism to meet the demands of growth. Identification of the regulatory machinery that regulates cancer-specific metabolic changes may open new avenues for anti-cancer therapeutics. The epigenetic regulator BRG1 is a catalytic ATPase for some mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes. BRG1 is a well-characterized tumor suppressor in some human cancers, but is frequently overexpressed without mutation in other cancers, including breast cancer. Here we demonstrate that BRG1 upregulates de novo lipogenesis and that this is crucial for cancer cell proliferation. Knockdown of BRG1 attenuates lipid synthesis by impairing the transcription of enzymes catalyzing fatty acid and lipid synthesis. Remarkably, exogenous addition of palmitate, the key intermediate in fatty acid synthesis, rescued the cancer cell proliferation defect caused by BRG1 knockdown. Our work suggests that targeting BRG1 to reduce lipid metabolism and, thereby, to reduce proliferation, has promise for epigenetic therapy in triple negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Pasil Madany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jake M Schnabl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Soni Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tara C Smith
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, WA, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, WA, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, WA, USA
| | - Rohini Muthuswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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23
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Lin S, Jiang T, Ye L, Han Z, Liu Y, Liu C, Yuan C, Zhao S, Chen J, Wang J, Tang H, Lu S, Yang L, Wang X, Yan D, Peng Z, Fan J. The chromatin-remodeling enzyme BRG1 promotes colon cancer progression via positive regulation of WNT3A. Oncotarget 2018; 7:86051-86063. [PMID: 27852072 PMCID: PMC5349896 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to elucidate the clinical significance and underlying mechanisms of BRG1 in colon cancer. In the clinical analysis, overexpression of BRG1 correlates with colon cancer progression in two cohorts (n = 191 and n = 75). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that BRG1 is a prognosis predictor for overall survival (P < 0.001) and disease-free survival (P = 0.001). Knocking down BRG1 expression significantly suppressed the proliferation and invasion in colon cancer cells. The expression pattern of WNT3A is consistent with BRG1 in colon cancer tissues and WNT3A expression was inhibited in BRG1 knockdown cells. In addition, restoring WNT3A expression rescues the inhibition of cell proliferation and invasion induced by BRG1. In this study, we demonstrate that BRG1 may contribute to colon cancer progression through upregulating WNT3A expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengtao Lin
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Anal-Colorectal Surgery, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Ling Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Zhongbo Han
- Department of General Surgery, Central Hospital of Zi Bo, Zi Bo, Shandong 255000, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Chenchen Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Chenwei Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Senlin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Jingtao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Huamei Tang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Su Lu
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Liguang Yang
- Key Lab of Systems Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Dongwang Yan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Zhihai Peng
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
| | - Junwei Fan
- Department of General Surgery, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200080,China
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24
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Warsito D, Lin Y, Gnirck AC, Sehat B, Larsson O. Nuclearly translocated insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor phosphorylates histone H3 at tyrosine 41 and induces SNAI2 expression via Brg1 chromatin remodeling protein. Oncotarget 2018; 7:42288-42302. [PMID: 27275536 PMCID: PMC5173135 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that has crucial roles in cell proliferation and protection from apoptosis. It is therefore not surprising that IGF-1R is often found overexpressed in many types of tumors. This has made IGF-1R a prominent target molecule for pharmacological companies to develop new anti-cancer agents. However, several clinical trials during the last 5 years using IGF-1R specific antibodies have shown disappointing results. We have previously shown that upon IGF-1 stimulation, the receptor becomes SUMOylated and translocates into the nucleus of cancer cells to act as a transcription co-factor. Soon after our original study, several others have reported nuclear IGF-1R (nIGF-1R) as well, and some of them have demonstrated a prognostic value of nIGF-1R expression in cancer. In the current study we demonstrate that nIGF-1R binds to and phosphorylates histone H3 at tyrosine 41 (H3Y41) in HeLa cells. Furthermore, our results suggest that phosphorylation of H3Y41 by nIGF-1R, stabilizes the binding of Brg1 chromatin remodeling protein to Histone H3. Our findings suggest that phosphorylated nIGF-1R, rather than total nIGF-1R, plays a superior role in these contexts. We identified SNAI2 oncogene as a target gene for nIGF-1R and its expression was decreased upon mutation of H3Y41 or by Brg1 knockdown. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both IGF-1R and Brg1 binds to the SNAI2 promoter. As SNAI2 protein is implicated in e.g. cancer invasion and metastasis, the nIGF-1R-mediated effects shown in this study may influence such important tumor phenotypic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dudi Warsito
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yingbo Lin
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ann-Christin Gnirck
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bita Sehat
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olle Larsson
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Cancer Center Karolinska, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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25
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Hepatic SMARCA4 predicts HCC recurrence and promotes tumour cell proliferation by regulating SMAD6 expression. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:59. [PMID: 29352111 PMCID: PMC5833410 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-017-0090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common form of liver cancer and is typically diagnosed at advanced stages. Identification and characterisation of genes within amplified and deleted chromosomal loci can provide new insights into the pathogenesis of cancer and lead to new approaches for diagnosis and therapy. In our previous study, we found a recurrent region of copy number amplification at 19p13.2 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the present study, we performed integrated copy number analysis and expression profiling at this locus and a putative cancer gene, SMARCA4/BRG1, was uncovered in this region. BRG1 is a part of the large ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling complex SWI/SNF. The function of BRG1 in various cancers is unclear, including its role in HCC tumorigenesis. Here, we found that BRG1 is upregulated in HCC and that its level significantly correlates with cancer progression in HCC patients. Importantly, we also found that nuclear expression of BRG1 predicts early recurrence for HCC patients. Furthermore, we demonstrated that BRG1 promotes HCC cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. BRG1 was observed not only to facilitate S-phase entry but also to attenuate cell apoptosis. Finally, we discovered that one of the mechanisms by which BRG1 promotes cell proliferation is the upregulation of SMAD6. These findings highlight the important role of BRG1 in the regulation of HCC proliferation and provide valuable information for cancer prognosis and treatment.
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26
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Pyo JS, Son BK, Oh D, Kim EK. BRG1 is correlated with poor prognosis in colorectal cancer. Hum Pathol 2017; 73:66-73. [PMID: 29288038 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), a component of the chromatin-remodeling complex, regulates transcription by remodeling the chromatin structure. The present study aimed to elucidate the clinicopathological significance and prognostic role of BRG1 in colorectal cancer (CRC). We investigated the correlation between BRG1 expression and clinicopathological parameters, including prognosis, using immunohistochemistry on 266 archival paraffin-embedded CRC tissues. In addition, to confirm the prognostic role of BRG1 in malignant tumors, we performed a meta-analysis of 9 eligible studies and the current study. BRG1 was highly expressed in 67.7% of the 266 CRCs analyzed. High BRG1 expression significantly correlated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The high expression of BRG1 also significantly correlated with high expression of SNAI (P < .001) but not E-cadherin (P = .432). However, there was no significant correlation between BRG1 expression and other clinicopathological parameters. The meta-analysis also demonstrated that high BRG1 expression positively correlated with poor overall and recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio 1.572, 95% confidence interval 1.106-2.235 and hazard ratio 2.050, 95% confidence interval 1.610-2.610, respectively). However, subgroup analysis based on tumor type showed that the correlation between BRG1 expression and poor prognosis was only prevalent in CRC and breast cancer. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that high BRG1 expression was associated with high SNAI expression and was significantly correlated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Soo Pyo
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35233, Republic of Korea
| | - Byoung Kwan Son
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongwook Oh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Kyung Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Seoul 01830, Republic of Korea
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27
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Wu Q, Sharma S, Cui H, LeBlanc SE, Zhang H, Muthuswami R, Nickerson JA, Imbalzano AN. Targeting the chromatin remodeling enzyme BRG1 increases the efficacy of chemotherapy drugs in breast cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:27158-75. [PMID: 27029062 PMCID: PMC5053639 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Brahma related gene product 1 (BRG1) is an ATPase that drives the catalytic activity of a subset of the mammalian SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes. BRG1 is overexpressed in most human breast cancer tumors without evidence of mutation and is required for breast cancer cell proliferation. We demonstrate that knockdown of BRG1 sensitized triple negative breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic drugs used to treat breast cancer. An inhibitor of the BRG1 bromodomain had no effect on breast cancer cell viability, but an inhibitory molecule that targets the BRG1 ATPase activity recapitulated the increased drug efficacy observed in the presence of BRG1 knockdown. We further demonstrate that inhibition of BRG1 ATPase activity blocks the induction of ABC transporter genes by these chemotherapeutic drugs and that BRG1 binds to ABC transporter gene promoters. This inhibition increased intracellular concentrations of the drugs, providing a likely mechanism for the increased chemosensitivity. Since ABC transporters and their induction by chemotherapy drugs are a major cause of chemoresistance and treatment failure, these results support the idea that targeting the enzymatic activity of BRG1 would be an effective adjuvant therapy for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Soni Sharma
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Hang Cui
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.,Abace Biotech Co Ltd., Yi Zhuang Biomedical Park, BDA, Beijing, China
| | - Scott E LeBlanc
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rohini Muthuswami
- School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Hoffmeister H, Fuchs A, Erdel F, Pinz S, Gröbner-Ferreira R, Bruckmann A, Deutzmann R, Schwartz U, Maldonado R, Huber C, Dendorfer AS, Rippe K, Längst G. CHD3 and CHD4 form distinct NuRD complexes with different yet overlapping functionality. Nucleic Acids Res 2017; 45:10534-10554. [PMID: 28977666 PMCID: PMC5737555 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
CHD3 and CHD4 (Chromodomain Helicase DNA binding protein), two highly similar representatives of the Mi-2 subfamily of SF2 helicases, are coexpressed in many cell lines and tissues and have been reported to act as the motor subunit of the NuRD complex (nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase activities). Besides CHD proteins, NuRD contains several repressors like HDAC1/2, MTA2/3 and MBD2/3, arguing for a role as a transcriptional repressor. However, the subunit composition varies among cell- and tissue types and physiological conditions. In particular, it is unclear if CHD3 and CHD4 coexist in the same NuRD complex or whether they form distinct NuRD complexes with specific functions. We mapped the CHD composition of NuRD complexes in mammalian cells and discovered that they are isoform-specific, containing either the monomeric CHD3 or CHD4 ATPase. Both types of complexes exhibit similar intranuclear mobility, interact with HP1 and rapidly accumulate at UV-induced DNA repair sites. But, CHD3 and CHD4 exhibit distinct nuclear localization patterns in unperturbed cells, revealing a subset of specific target genes. Furthermore, CHD3 and CHD4 differ in their nucleosome remodeling and positioning behaviour in vitro. The proteins form distinct CHD3- and CHD4-NuRD complexes that do not only repress, but can just as well activate gene transcription of overlapping and specific target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Hoffmeister
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Fuchs
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Erdel
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sophia Pinz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Regina Gröbner-Ferreira
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Bruckmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rainer Deutzmann
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Rodrigo Maldonado
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Huber
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anne-Sarah Dendorfer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Karsten Rippe
- BioQuant, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gernot Längst
- Institute of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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29
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Kaufmann B, Wang B, Zhong S, Laschinger M, Patil P, Lu M, Assfalg V, Cheng Z, Friess H, Hüser N, von Figura G, Hartmann D. BRG1 promotes hepatocarcinogenesis by regulating proliferation and invasiveness. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180225. [PMID: 28700662 PMCID: PMC5507512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin remodeler complex SWI/SNF plays an important role in physiological and pathological processes. Brahma related gene 1(BRG1), a catalytic subunit of the SWI/SNF complex, is known to be mutated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its role in HCC remains unclear. Here, we investigate the role of BRG1 on cell growth and invasiveness as well as its effect on the expression of putative target genes. Expression of BRG1 was examined in human liver tissue samples and in HCC cell lines. In addition, BRG1 was silenced in human HCC cell lines to analyse cell growth and invasiveness by growth curves, colony formation assay, invasion assay and the expression of putative target genes. BRG1 was found to be significantly increased in HCC samples compared to non-HCC samples. In addition, a declined proliferation rate of BRG1-silenced human HCC cell lines was associated with a decrease of expression of cyclin family members. In line with a decreased invasiveness of BRG1-siRNA-treated human HCC cell lines, down-regulation of MMP7 was detected. These results support the hypothesis that overexpression of BRG1 increases cell growth and invasiveness in HCC. Furthermore, the data highlight cyclin B, E and MMP7 to be associated with BRG1 during hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Kaufmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Baocai Wang
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Suyang Zhong
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Melanie Laschinger
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Pranali Patil
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Miao Lu
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Volker Assfalg
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Zhangjun Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Helmut Friess
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Norbert Hüser
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Guido von Figura
- II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Hartmann
- Department of Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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30
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Zhang H, Sun Z, Yu L, Sun J. MiR-139-5p inhibits proliferation and promoted apoptosis of human airway smooth muscle cells by downregulating the Brg1 gene. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2017; 246:9-16. [PMID: 28711603 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have emerged as critical regulators in the pathogenesis of asthma. However, the role of microRNAs in asthma needs to be further elucidated. In this study, we found that miR-139-5p was greatly decreased in airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells from asthmatic humans as well as ASM cells stimulated with cytokines. Overexpression of miR-139-5p markedly suppressed ASM cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, whereas knockdown of miR-139-5p had the opposite effect. Further study verified that Brg1, a chromatin remodeling factor, was upregulated in ASM cells treated with cytokines and acted as a direct target of miR-139-5p. Ectopic expression of Brg1 partially reversed the effect of miR-139-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Moreover, overexpression of Brg1 restored miR-139-5p-induced downregulation of Akt and p70S6K phosphorylation. Together, these data indicate that miR-139-5p may function as a key regulator of ASM cell proliferation and apoptosis, potentially by targeting the Brg1 gene, and thus suggesting a potential role of miR-139-5p in the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanying Zhang
- Department of Respiration, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Medical College, Linyi, 276000, China
| | - Zhongmei Sun
- Department of Respiration, Chinese Medicine Hospital of Rizhao City, Rizhao, 276800, China
| | - Lianfeng Yu
- Department of Anatomy, Shandong Medical College, No. 6 Jucai Road, Lanshan District, Linyi, 276000, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong Medical College, Linyi, 276000, China
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31
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Wu Q, Lian JB, Stein JL, Stein GS, Nickerson JA, Imbalzano AN. The BRG1 ATPase of human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes as a driver of cancer. Epigenomics 2017; 9:919-931. [PMID: 28521512 PMCID: PMC5705788 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2017-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian SWI/SNF enzymes are ATP-dependent remodelers of chromatin structure. These multisubunit enzymes are heterogeneous in composition; there are two catalytic ATPase subunits, BRM and BRG1, that are mutually exclusive, and additional subunits are incorporated in a combinatorial manner. Recent findings indicate that approximately 20% of human cancers contain mutations in SWI/SNF enzyme subunits, leading to the conclusion that the enzyme subunits are critical tumor suppressors. However, overexpression of specific subunits without apparent mutation is emerging as an alternative mechanism by which cellular transformation may occur. Here we highlight recent evidence linking elevated expression of the BRG1 ATPase to tissue-specific cancers and work suggesting that inhibiting BRG1 may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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Nickerson JA, Wu Q, Imbalzano AN. Mammalian SWI/SNF Enzymes and the Epigenetics of Tumor Cell Metabolic Reprogramming. Front Oncol 2017; 7:49. [PMID: 28421159 PMCID: PMC5378717 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells reprogram their metabolism to survive and grow in a challenging microenvironment. Some of this reprogramming is performed by epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetics is in turn affected by metabolism; chromatin modifying enzymes are dependent on substrates that are also key metabolic intermediates. We have shown that the chromatin remodeling enzyme Brahma-related gene 1 (BRG1), an epigenetic regulator, is necessary for rapid breast cancer cell proliferation. The mechanism for this requirement is the BRG1-dependent transcription of key lipogenic enzymes and regulators. Reduction in lipid synthesis lowers proliferation rates, which can be restored by palmitate supplementation. This work has established BRG1 as an attractive target for breast cancer therapy. Unlike genetic alterations, epigenetic mechanisms are reversible, promising gentler therapies without permanent off-target effects at distant sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Qiong Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
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Garimella R, Tadikonda P, Tawfik O, Gunewardena S, Rowe P, Van Veldhuizen P. Vitamin D Impacts the Expression of Runx2 Target Genes and Modulates Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Membrane Vesicle Biogenesis Gene Networks in 143B Osteosarcoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18030642. [PMID: 28300755 PMCID: PMC5372654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18030642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive malignancy of bone affecting children, adolescents and young adults. Understanding vitamin D metabolism and vitamin D regulated genes in OS is an important aspect of vitamin D/cancer paradigm, and in evaluating vitamin D as adjuvant therapy for human OS. Vitamin D treatment of 143B OS cells induced significant and novel changes in the expression of genes that regulate: (a) inflammation and immunity; (b) formation of reactive oxygen species, metabolism of cyclic nucleotides, sterols, vitamins and mineral (calcium), quantity of gap junctions and skeletogenesis; (c) bone mineral density; and (d) cell viability of skeletal cells, aggregation of bone cancer cells and exocytosis of secretory vesicles. Ingenuity pathway analysis revealed significant reduction in Runx2 target genes such as fibroblast growth factor -1, -12 (FGF1 and FGF12), bone morphogenetic factor-1 (BMP1), SWI/SNF related, matrix associated actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4), Matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), Integrin, β4 (ITGBP4), Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, -28 (MMP1 and MMP28), and signal transducer and activator of transcription-4 (STAT4) in vitamin D treated 143B OS cells. These genes interact with the inflammation, oxidative stress and membrane vesicle biogenesis gene networks. Vitamin D not only inhibited the expression of Runx2 target genes MMP1, MMP28 and kallikrein related peptidase-7 (KLK7), but also migration and invasion of 143B OS cells. Vitamin D regulated Runx2 target genes or their products represent potential therapeutic targets and laboratory biomarkers for applications in translational oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Garimella
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Orthopedic Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Midwest Biomedical Research Foundation-KCVAMC Affiliate, Kansas City, KS 64128, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
| | - Priyanka Tadikonda
- Dietetics and Nutrition, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Ossama Tawfik
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Sumedha Gunewardena
- Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Rowe
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Kidney Institute, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Peter Van Veldhuizen
- Division of Medical Clinical Oncology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Departments of Internal Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
- Sarah Cannon HCA Midwest Health Cancer Network, Overland Park, KS 66209, USA.
- Hematology and Oncology, Kansas City Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
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Marquez-Vilendrer SB, Rai SK, Gramling SJ, Lu L, Reisman DN. BRG1 and BRM loss selectively impacts RB and P53, respectively: BRG1 and BRM have differential functions in vivo. Oncoscience 2016; 3:337-350. [PMID: 28105458 PMCID: PMC5235922 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The SWI/SNF complex is an important regulator of gene expression that functions by interacting with a diverse array of cellular proteins. The catalytic subunits of SWI/SNF, BRG1 and BRM, are frequently lost alone or concomitantly in a range of different cancer types. This loss abrogates SWI/SNF complex function as well as the functions of proteins that are required for SWI/SNF function, such as RB1 and TP53. Yet while both proteins are known to be dependent on SWI/SNF, we found that BRG1, but not BRM, is functionally linked to RB1, such that loss of BRG1 can directly or indirectly inactivate the RB1 pathway. This newly discovered dependence of RB1 on BRG1 is important because it explains why BRG1 loss can blunt the growth-inhibitory effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). We also observed that selection for Trp53 mutations occurred in Brm-positive tumors but did not occur in Brm-negative tumors. Hence, these data indicate that, during cancer development, Trp53 is functionally dependent on Brm but not Brg1. Our findings show for the first time the key differences in Brm- and Brg1-specific SWI/SNF complexes and help explain why concomitant loss of Brg1 and Brm frequently occurs in cancer, as well as how their loss impacts cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir K Rai
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Jb Gramling
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - David N Reisman
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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35
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Sun JM, Guo CC, Wang CQ, Cao K, Liu H, Han WC, Zheng MJ. Expression of BRG1 in colorectal cancer: Correlation with prognosis and MMP-2 expression. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2016; 24:4691-4699. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v24.i35.4691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To analyze the relationship of the expression of BRG1 with clinicopathologic characters and prognosis of colorectal cancer.
METHODS Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical method were used to detect the expression of BRG1 in 112 cases of colorectal cancer and 71 cases of matched normal intestinal mucosa tissue. The relationship of BRG1 expression with clinicopathologic characters, prognosis, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) expression was statistically analyzed.
RESULTS The positive expression rate of BRG1 in colorectal cancer was significantly higher than that in normal intestine mucosa tissue (66.1% vs 35.2%, P < 0.01). The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was also significantly higher in colorectal cancer than in normal intestine mucosa tissue (61.2% vs 3.3%, P < 0.01). The expression of BRG1 showed no significant correlation with clinicopathologic characters including gender, age, tumor size, invasive depth, differentiation degree, lymph node metastasis, and clinical stage, but was significantly correlated with 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer patients. The prognosis of colorectal cancer patients with high BRG1 expression was much worse than that of patients with low BRG1 expression. There was a positive correlation between BRG1 and MMP-2 expression (r = 0.307, P < 0.05).
CONCLUSION BRG1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissue. BRG1 is an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. Increased expression of MMP-2 may be a probable reason of worse prognosis of colorectal cancer.
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Ying H, Dey P, Yao W, Kimmelman AC, Draetta GF, Maitra A, DePinho RA. Genetics and biology of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Genes Dev 2016; 30:355-85. [PMID: 26883357 PMCID: PMC4762423 DOI: 10.1101/gad.275776.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ying et al. review pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) genetics and biology, particularly altered cancer cell metabolism, the complexity of immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, and impaired DNA repair processes. With 5-year survival rates remaining constant at 6% and rising incidences associated with an epidemic in obesity and metabolic syndrome, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is on track to become the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths by 2030. The high mortality rate of PDAC stems primarily from the lack of early diagnosis and ineffective treatment for advanced tumors. During the past decade, the comprehensive atlas of genomic alterations, the prominence of specific pathways, the preclinical validation of such emerging targets, sophisticated preclinical model systems, and the molecular classification of PDAC into specific disease subtypes have all converged to illuminate drug discovery programs with clearer clinical path hypotheses. A deeper understanding of cancer cell biology, particularly altered cancer cell metabolism and impaired DNA repair processes, is providing novel therapeutic strategies that show strong preclinical activity. Elucidation of tumor biology principles, most notably a deeper understanding of the complexity of immune regulation in the tumor microenvironment, has provided an exciting framework to reawaken the immune system to attack PDAC cancer cells. While the long road of translation lies ahead, the path to meaningful clinical progress has never been clearer to improve PDAC patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoqiang Ying
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Prasenjit Dey
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Wantong Yao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Alec C Kimmelman
- Division of Genomic Stability and DNA Repair, Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Giulio F Draetta
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Institute for Applied Cancer Science, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Pathology and Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA; Sheikh Ahmed Pancreatic Cancer Research Center, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Ronald A DePinho
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Jubierre L, Soriano A, Planells-Ferrer L, París-Coderch L, Tenbaum SP, Romero OA, Moubarak RS, Almazán-Moga A, Molist C, Roma J, Navarro S, Noguera R, Sánchez-Céspedes M, Comella JX, Palmer HG, Sánchez de Toledo J, Gallego S, Segura MF. BRG1/SMARCA4 is essential for neuroblastoma cell viability through modulation of cell death and survival pathways. Oncogene 2016; 35:5179-90. [PMID: 26996667 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neoplasm of the sympathetic nervous system, and is the most common solid tumor of infancy. NBs are very heterogeneous, with a clinical course ranging from spontaneous regression to resistance to all current forms of treatment. High-risk patients need intense chemotherapy, and only 30-40% will be cured. Relapsed or metastatic tumors acquire multi-drug resistance, raising the need for alternative treatments. Owing to the diverse mechanisms that are responsible of NB chemoresistance, we aimed to target epigenetic factors that control multiple pathways to bypass therapy resistance. We found that the SWI/SNF-related, matrix-associated, actin-dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily a, member 4 (SMARCA4/BRG1) was consistently upregulated in advanced stages of NB, with high BRG1 levels being indicative of poor outcome. Loss-of-function experiments in vitro and in vivo showed that BRG1 is essential for the proliferation of NB cells. Furthermore, whole-genome transcriptome analysis revealed that BRG1 controls the expression of key elements of oncogenic pathways such as PI3K/AKT and BCL2, which offers a promising new combination therapy for high-risk NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jubierre
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Soriano
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - L París-Coderch
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S P Tenbaum
- Vall d'Hebron Institut of Oncology (VHIO), Stem Cell and Cancer Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - O A Romero
- Epigenetic and Cancer Biology Program-PEBC/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute-IDIBELL Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R S Moubarak
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, VHIR-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Almazán-Moga
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Molist
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Roma
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Navarro
- School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Noguera
- School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - J X Comella
- Cell Signaling and Apoptosis Group, VHIR-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - H G Palmer
- Vall d'Hebron Institut of Oncology (VHIO), Stem Cell and Cancer Laboratory, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Sánchez de Toledo
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Gallego
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M F Segura
- Laboratory of Translational Research in Child and Adolescent Cancer. Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR)-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
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Wu Q, Madany P, Akech J, Dobson JR, Douthwright S, Browne G, Colby JL, Winter GE, Bradner JE, Pratap J, Sluder G, Bhargava R, Chiosea SI, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB, Nickerson JA, Imbalzano AN. The SWI/SNF ATPases Are Required for Triple Negative Breast Cancer Cell Proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:2683-94. [PMID: 25808524 PMCID: PMC4516601 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The Brahma (BRM) and Brahma-related Gene 1 (BRG1) ATPases are highly conserved homologs that catalyze the chromatin remodeling functions of the multi-subunit human SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzymes in a mutually exclusive manner. SWI/SNF enzyme subunits are mutated or missing in many cancer types, but are overexpressed without apparent mutation in other cancers. Here, we report that both BRG1 and BRM are overexpressed in most primary breast cancers independent of the tumor's receptor status. Knockdown of either ATPase in a triple negative breast cancer cell line reduced tumor formation in vivo and cell proliferation in vitro. Fewer cells in S phase and an extended cell cycle progression time were observed without any indication of apoptosis, senescence, or alterations in migration or attachment properties. Combined knockdown of BRM and BRG1 showed additive effects in the reduction of cell proliferation and time required for completion of cell cycle, suggesting that these enzymes promote cell cycle progression through independent mechanisms. Knockout of BRG1 or BRM using CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in the loss of viability, consistent with a requirement for both enzymes in triple negative breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Pasil Madany
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline Akech
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
- Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Stephen Douthwright
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Gillian Browne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jennifer L Colby
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Georg E Winter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Greenfield Sluder
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Rohit Bhargava
- Department of Pathology, Magee-Womens Hospital, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Simion I Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
- Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center for Basic and Translational Research, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Marquez SB, Thompson KW, Lu L, Reisman D. Beyond Mutations: Additional Mechanisms and Implications of SWI/SNF Complex Inactivation. Front Oncol 2015; 4:372. [PMID: 25774356 PMCID: PMC4343012 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2014.00372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED SWI/SNF is a major regulator of gene expression. Its role is to facilitate the shifting and exposure of DNA segments within the promoter and other key domains to transcription factors and other essential cellular proteins. This complex interacts with a wide range of proteins and does not function within a single, specific pathway; thus, it is involved in a multitude of cellular processes, including DNA repair, differentiation, development, cell adhesion, and growth control. Given SWI/SNF's prominent role in these processes, many of which are important for blocking cancer development, it is not surprising that the SWI/SNF complex is targeted during cancer initiation and progression both by mutations and by non-mutational mechanisms. Currently, the understanding of the types of alterations, their frequency, and their impact on the SWI/SNF subunits is an area of intense research that has been bolstered by a recent cadre of NextGen sequencing studies. These studies have revealed mutations in SWI/SNF subunits, indicating that this complex is thus important for cancer development. The purpose of this review is to put into perspective the role of mutations versus other mechanisms in the silencing of SWI/SNF subunits, in particular, BRG1 and BRM. In addition, this review explores the recent development of synthetic lethality and how it applies to this complex, as well as how BRM polymorphisms are becoming recognized as potential clinical biomarkers for cancer risk. SIGNIFICANCE Recent reviews have detailed the occurrence of mutations in nearly all SWI/SNF subunits, which indicates that this complex is an important target for cancer. However, when the frequency of mutations in a given tumor type is compared to the frequency of subunit loss, it becomes clear that other non-mutational mechanisms must play a role in the inactivation of SWI/SNF subunits. Such data indicate that epigenetic mechanisms that are known to regulate BRM may also be involved in the loss of expression of other SWI/SNF subunits. This is important since epigenetically silenced genes are inducible, and thus, the reversal of the silencing of these non-mutationally suppressed subunits may be a viable mode of targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie B Marquez
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Kenneth W Thompson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - David Reisman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Kahali B, Marquez SB, Thompson KW, Yu J, Gramling SJB, Lu L, Aponick A, Reisman D. Flavonoids from each of the six structural groups reactivate BRM, a possible cofactor for the anticancer effects of flavonoids. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2183-93. [PMID: 24876151 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids have been extensively studied and are well documented to have anticancer effects, but it is not entirely known how they impact cellular mechanisms to elicit these effects. In the course of this study, we found that a variety of different flavonoids readily restored Brahma (BRM) in BRM-deficient cancer cell lines. Flavonoids from each of the six different structural groups were effective at inducing BRM expression as well as inhibiting growth in these BRM-deficient cancer cells. By blocking the induction of BRM with shRNA, we found that flavonoid-induced growth inhibition was BRM dependent. We also found that flavonoids can restore BRM functionality by reversing BRM acetylation. In addition, we observed that an array of natural flavonoid-containing products both induced BRM expression as well as deacetylated the BRM protein. We also tested two of the BRM-inducing flavonoids (Rutin and Diosmin) at both a low and a high dose on the development of tumors in an established murine lung cancer model. We found that these flavonoids effectively blocked development of adenomas in the lungs of wild-type mice but not in that of BRMnull mice. These data demonstrate that BRM expression and function are regulated by flavonoids and that functional BRM appears to be a prerequisite for the anticancer effects of flavonoids both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Kahali
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Stefanie B Marquez
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Kenneth W Thompson
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Jinlong Yu
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Sarah J B Gramling
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology and
| | - Aaron Aponick
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - David Reisman
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Office 294, Cancer/Genetics Building, 2033 Mowry Road, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Pathology and Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Xue Q, Sun K, Deng HJ, Lei ST, Dong JQ, Li GX. Anti-miRNA-221 sensitizes human colorectal carcinoma cells to radiation by upregulating PTEN. World J Gastroenterol 2013; 19:9307-9317. [PMID: 24409057 PMCID: PMC3882403 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v19.i48.9307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the regulative effect of miRNA (miR)-221 on colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cell radiosensitivity and the underlying mechanisms.
METHODS: A human CRC-derived cell line was cultured conventionally and exposed to different doses of X-rays (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 Gy). The total RNA and protein of the cells were extracted 24 h after irradiation, and the alteration of miR-221 and phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) gene mRNA expression was detected by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The protein alteration of PTEN in the cells was detected by Western blotting. Caco2 cells were pretreated with or without anti-PTEN-siRNA prior to the addition of pre-miR-221 or anti-miR-221 using Lipofectamine 2000. Colony formation assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to measure the surviving cell fraction and the sensitizing enhancement ratio after irradiation. Additionally, PTEN 3′-untranslated region fragment was PCR amplified and inserted into a luciferase reporter plasmid. The luciferase reporter plasmid construct was then transfected into CRC cells together with pre-miR-221 or anti-miR-221, and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was detected.
RESULTS: The X-ray radiation dose had a significant effect on the expression of miR-221 and PTEN protein in human Caco2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The miR-221 expression level improved gradually with the increase in irradiation dose, while the PTEN protein expression level reduced gradually. miR-221 expression was significantly reduced in the anti-miR-221 group compared with the pre-miR-221 and negative control groups (P < 0.01). Anti-miR-221 upregulated expression of PTEN protein and enhanced the radiosensitivity of Caco2 cells (P < 0.01). Moreover, the inhibitory effect was dramatically abolished by pretreatment with anti-PTEN-siRNA, suggesting that the enhancement of radiosensitivity was indeed mediated by PTEN. A significant increase of luciferase activity was detected in CRC cells that were cotransfected with the luciferase reporter plasmid construct and anti-miR-221 (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Anti-miR-221 can enhance the radiosensitivity of CRC cells by upregulating PTEN.
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Pancione M, Remo A, Zanella C, Sabatino L, Di Blasi A, Laudanna C, Astati L, Rocco M, Bifano D, Piacentini P, Pavan L, Purgato A, Greco F, Talamini A, Bonetti A, Ceccarelli M, Vendraminelli R, Manfrin E, Colantuoni V. The chromatin remodelling component SMARCB1/INI1 influences the metastatic behavior of colorectal cancer through a gene signature mapping to chromosome 22. J Transl Med 2013; 11:297. [PMID: 24286138 PMCID: PMC4220786 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-11-297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background INI1 (Integrase interactor 1), also known as SMARCB1, is the most studied subunit of chromatin remodelling complexes. Its role in colorectal tumorigenesis is not known. Methods We examined SMARCB1/INI1 protein expression in 134 cases of colorectal cancer (CRC) and 60 matched normal mucosa by using tissue microarrays and western blot and categorized the results according to mismatch repair status (MMR), CpG island methylator phenotype, biomarkers of tumor differentiation CDX2, CK20, vimentin and p53. We validated results in two independent data sets and in cultured CRC cell lines. Results Herein, we show that negative SMARCB1/INI1 expression (11% of CRCs) associates with loss of CDX2, poor differentiation, liver metastasis and shorter patients’ survival regardless of the MMR status or tumor stage. Unexpectedly, even CRCs displaying diffuse nuclear INI1 staining (33%) show an adverse prognosis and vimentin over-expression, in comparison with the low expressing group (56%). The negative association of SMARCB1/INI1-lack of expression with a metastatic behavior is enhanced by the TP53 status. By interrogating global gene expression from two independent cohorts of 226 and 146 patients, we confirm the prognostic results and identify a gene signature characterized by SMARCB1/INI1 deregulation. Notably, the top genes of the signature (BCR, COMT, MIF) map on the long arm of chromosome 22 and are closely associated with SMARCB1/INI1. Conclusion Our findings suggest that SMARCB1/INI1-dysregulation and genetic hot-spots on the long arm of chromosome 22 might play an important role in the CRC metastatic behavior and be clinically relevant as novel biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Pancione
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, Via Port'Arsa, 11 82100 Benevento, Italy.
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Jin Y, Xu J, Yin MX, Lu Y, Hu L, Li P, Zhang P, Yuan Z, Ho MS, Ji H, Zhao Y, Zhang L. Brahma is essential for Drosophila intestinal stem cell proliferation and regulated by Hippo signaling. eLife 2013; 2:e00999. [PMID: 24137538 PMCID: PMC3796317 DOI: 10.7554/elife.00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin remodeling processes are among the most important regulatory mechanisms in controlling cell proliferation and regeneration. Drosophila intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exhibit self-renewal potentials, maintain tissue homeostasis, and serve as an excellent model for studying cell growth and regeneration. In this study, we show that Brahma (Brm) chromatin-remodeling complex is required for ISC proliferation and damage-induced midgut regeneration in a lineage-specific manner. ISCs and enteroblasts exhibit high levels of Brm proteins; and without Brm, ISC proliferation and differentiation are impaired. Importantly, the Brm complex participates in ISC proliferation induced by the Scalloped-Yorkie transcriptional complex and that the Hippo (Hpo) signaling pathway directly restricted ISC proliferation by regulating Brm protein levels by inducing caspase-dependent cleavage of Brm. The cleavage resistant form of Brm protein promoted ISC proliferation. Our findings highlighted the importance of Hpo signaling in regulating epigenetic components such as Brm to control downstream transcription and hence ISC proliferation. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00999.001.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunyun Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology , Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Shanghai , China
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BRG1 is a prognostic marker and potential therapeutic target in human breast cancer. PLoS One 2013; 8:e59772. [PMID: 23533649 PMCID: PMC3606107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BRG1, a core component of the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex, has been implicated in cancer development; however, the biological significance of BRG1 in breast cancer remains unknown. We explored the role of BRG1 in human breast cancer pathogenesis. Using tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry, we evaluated BRG1 staining in 437 breast cancer specimens and investigated its role in breast cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Our Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that high BRG1 expression is inversely correlated with both overall (P = 0.000) and disease-specific (P = 0.000) 5-year patient survival. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of BRG1 by RNA interference markedly inhibits cell proliferation and causes cessation of cell cycle. This reduced cell proliferation is due to G1 phase arrest as cyclin D1 and cyclin E are diminished whereas p27 is upregulated. Moreover, BRG1 depletion induces the expression of TIMP-2 but reduces MMP-2, thereby inhibiting the ability of cells to migrate and to invade. These results highlight the importance of BRG1 in breast cancer pathogenesis and BRG1 may serve as a prognostic marker as well as a potentially selective therapeutic target.
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Imbalzano KM, Cohet N, Wu Q, Underwood JM, Imbalzano AN, Nickerson JA. Nuclear shape changes are induced by knockdown of the SWI/SNF ATPase BRG1 and are independent of cytoskeletal connections. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55628. [PMID: 23405182 PMCID: PMC3566038 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in nuclear morphology occur during normal development and have been observed during the progression of several diseases. The shape of a nucleus is governed by the balance of forces exerted by nuclear-cytoskeletal contacts and internal forces created by the structure of the chromatin and nuclear envelope. However, factors that regulate the balance of these forces and determine nuclear shape are poorly understood. The SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling enzyme ATPase, BRG1, has been shown to contribute to the regulation of overall cell size and shape. Here we document that immortalized mammary epithelial cells show BRG1-dependent nuclear shape changes. Specifically, knockdown of BRG1 induced grooves in the nuclear periphery that could be documented by cytological and ultrastructural methods. To test the hypothesis that the observed changes in nuclear morphology resulted from altered tension exerted by the cytoskeleton, we disrupted the major cytoskeletal networks and quantified the frequency of BRG1-dependent changes in nuclear morphology. The results demonstrated that disruption of cytoskeletal networks did not change the frequency of BRG1-induced nuclear shape changes. These findings suggest that BRG1 mediates control of nuclear shape by internal nuclear mechanisms that likely control chromatin dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Imbalzano
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Bagai R, Ma PC. The Role of the Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Receptor (IGF-1R), Phosphatase and Tensin Homolog (PTEN), c-Met, and the PI3-Kinase Pathway in Colorectal Cancer. CURRENT COLORECTAL CANCER REPORTS 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11888-012-0139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is frequently up-regulated in cancer and the majority of its reported targets are tumor suppressors. Through functional suppression, miR-21 is implicated in practically every walk of oncogenic life: the promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, genome instability and mutation, inflammation, replicative immortalization, abnormal metabolism, angiogenesis, and evading apoptosis, immune destruction, and growth suppressors. In particular, miR-21 is strongly involved in apoptosis. In this article, we reviewed the experimentally validated targets of miR-21 and found that two thirds are linked to intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathways of cellular apoptosis. This suggests that miR-21 is an Oncogene which plays a key role in resisting programmed cell death in cancer cells and that targeting apoptosis is a viable therapeutic option against cancers expressing miR-21.
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Buscaglia LEB, Li Y. Apoptosis and the target genes of microRNA-21. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2012. [PMID: 21627859 DOI: 10.5732/cjc.30.0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNA-21 (miR-21) is frequently up-regulated in cancer and the majority of its reported targets are tumor suppressors. Through functional suppression, miR-21 is implicated in practically every walk of oncogenic life: the promotion of cell proliferation, invasion and metastasis, genome instability and mutation, inflammation, replicative immortalization, abnormal metabolism, angiogenesis, and evading apoptosis, immune destruction, and growth suppressors. In particular, miR-21 is strongly involved in apoptosis. In this article, we reviewed the experimentally validated targets of miR-21 and found that two thirds are linked to intrinsic and/or extrinsic pathways of cellular apoptosis. This suggests that miR-21 is an oncogene which plays a key role in resisting programmed cell death in cancer cells and that targeting apoptosis is a viable therapeutic option against cancers expressing miR-21.
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Genetic and epigenetic events generate multiple pathways in colorectal cancer progression. PATHOLOGY RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2012; 2012:509348. [PMID: 22888469 PMCID: PMC3409552 DOI: 10.1155/2012/509348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 05/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death, despite decades of research. Initially considered as a disease due to genetic mutations, it is now viewed as a complex malignancy because of the involvement of epigenetic abnormalities. A functional equivalence between genetic and epigenetic mechanisms has been suggested in CRC initiation and progression. A hallmark of CRC is its pathogenetic heterogeneity attained through at least three distinct pathways: a traditional (adenoma-carcinoma sequence), an alternative, and more recently the so-called serrated pathway. While the alternative pathway is more heterogeneous and less characterized, the traditional and serrated pathways appear to be more homogeneous and clearly distinct. One unsolved question in colon cancer biology concerns the cells of origin and from which crypt compartment the different pathways originate. Based on molecular and pathological evidences, we propose that the traditional and serrated pathways originate from different crypt compartments explaining their genetic/epigenetic and clinicopathological differences. In this paper, we will discuss the current knowledge of CRC pathogenesis and, specifically, summarize the role of genetic/epigenetic changes in the origin and progression of the multiple CRC pathways. Elucidation of the link between the molecular and clinico-pathological aspects of CRC would improve our understanding of its etiology and impact both prevention and treatment.
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Liu S, Dong Q, Wang E. Rsf-1 overexpression correlates with poor prognosis and cell proliferation in colon cancer. Tumour Biol 2012; 33:1485-91. [PMID: 22528946 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-012-0399-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rsf-1 (HBXAP) was recently reported to be overexpressed in various cancers and associated with the malignant behavior of cancer cells. However, the expression of Rsf-1 and its biological roles in colon cancer have not been reported. The molecular mechanism of Rsf-1 in cancer aggressiveness remains ambiguous. In the present study, we analyzed the expression pattern of Rsf-1 in colon cancer tissues and found that Rsf-1 was overexpressed in 50.4 % of colon cancer specimens. There was a significant association between Rsf-1 overexpression and TNM stage (p = 0.0205), lymph node metastasis (p = 0.0025), and poor differentiation (p = 0.0235). Furthermore, Rsf-1 overexpression correlated with a poor prognosis in colon cancer patients (p = 0.0011). In addition, knockdown of Rsf-1 expression in HT29 and HCT116 cells with high endogenous Rsf-1 expression decrease cell proliferation and colony formation ability. Further analysis showed that Rsf-1 knockdown decreased cyclin E expression and phospho-Rb level. In conclusion, Rsf-1 is overexpressed in colon cancers and contributes to malignant cell growth by cyclin E and phospho-Rb modulation, which makes Rsf-1 a candidate therapeutic target in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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