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Fishman-Jacob T, Youdim MBH. A sporadic Parkinson's disease model via silencing of the ubiquitin-proteasome/E3 ligase component, SKP1A. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:675-707. [PMID: 37644186 PMCID: PMC11192832 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02687-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Our and other's laboratory microarray-derived transcriptomic studies in human PD substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) samples have opened an avenue to concentrate on potential gene intersections or cross-talks along the dopaminergic (DAergic) neurodegenerative cascade in sporadic PD (SPD). One emerging gene candidate identified was SKP1A (p19, S-phase kinase-associated protein 1A), found significantly decreased in the SNpc as confirmed later at the protein level. SKP1 is part of the Skp1, Cullin 1, F-box protein (SCF) complex, the largest known class of sophisticated ubiquitin-proteasome/E3-ligases and was found to directly interact with FBXO7, a gene defective in PARK15-linked PD. This finding has led us to the hypothesis that a targeted site-specific reduction of Skp1 levels in DAergic neuronal cell culture and animal systems may result in a progressive loss of DAergic neurons and hopefully recreate motor disabilities in animals. The second premise considers the possibility that both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (e.g., manipulation of selected genes and mitochondria impairing toxins), alleged to play central roles in DAergic neurodegeneration in PD, may act in concert as modifiers of Skp1 deficiency-induced phenotype alterations ('dual-hit' hypothesis of neurodegeneration). To examine a possible role of Skp1 in DAergic phenotype, we have initially knocked down the expression of SKP1A gene in an embryonic mouse SN-derived cell line (SN4741) with short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviruses (LVs). The deficiency of SKP1A closely recapitulated cardinal features of the DAergic pathology of human PD, such as decreased expression of DAergic phenotypic markers and cell cycle aberrations. Furthermore, the knocked down cells displayed a lethal phenotype when induced to differentiate exhibiting proteinaceous round inclusion structures, which were almost identical in composition to human Lewy bodies, a hallmark of PD. These findings support a role for Skp1 in neuronal phenotype, survival, and differentiation. The identification of Skp1 as a key player in DAergic neuron function suggested that a targeted site-specific reduction of Skp1 levels in mice SNpc may result in a progressive loss of DAergic neurons and terminal projections in the striatum. The injected LV SKP1shRNA to mouse SN resulted in decreased expression of Skp1 protein levels within DAergic neurons and loss of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity (TH-IR) in both SNpc and striatum that was accompanied by time-dependent motor disabilities. The reduction of the vertical movements, that is rearing, may be reminiscent of the early occurrence of hypokinesia and axial, postural instability in PD. According to the 'dual-hit' hypothesis of neurodegenerative diseases, it is predicted that gene-gene and/or gene-environmental factors would act in concert or sequentially to propagate the pathological process of PD. Our findings are compatible with this conjecture showing that the genetic vulnerability caused by knock down of SKP1A renders DAergic SN4741 cells especially sensitive to genetic reduction of Aldh1 and exposure to the external stressors MPP+ and DA, which have been implicated in PD pathology. Future consideration should be given in manipulation SKP1A expression as therapeutic window, via its induction genetically or pharmacological, to prevent degeneration of the nigra striatal dopamine neurons, since UPS is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tali Fishman-Jacob
- Youdim Pharmaceutical Ltd, New Northern Industrial Park, 1 Ha- Tsmikha St, Stern Building, Fl-3, P. O. Box 72, 2069207, Yokneam, Israel
| | - Moussa B H Youdim
- Youdim Pharmaceutical Ltd, New Northern Industrial Park, 1 Ha- Tsmikha St, Stern Building, Fl-3, P. O. Box 72, 2069207, Yokneam, Israel.
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2
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Kumar S, Jayan J, Manoharan A, Benny F, Abdelgawad MA, Ghoneim MM, El-Sherbiny M, Thazhathuveedu Sudevan S, Aneesh TP, Mathew B. Discerning of isatin-based monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders by exploiting 2D, 3D-QSAR modelling and molecular dynamics simulation. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:2328-2340. [PMID: 37261844 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2214216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Almost a billion people worldwide suffer from neurological disorders, which pose public health challenges. An important enzyme that is well-known for many neurodegenerative illnesses is monoamine oxidase (MAO). Although several promising drugs for the treatment of MAO inhibition have recently been examined, it is still necessary to identify the precise structural requirements for robust efficacy. Atom-based, field-based, and GA-MLR (genetic algorithm multiple linear regression) models were created for this investigation. All of the models have strong statistical (R2 and Q2) foundations because of both internal and external validation. Our dataset's molecule has a higher docking score than safinamide, a well-known and co-crystallized MAO-B inhibitor, as we also noticed. Using the SwissSimilarity platform, we further inquired which of our docked molecules would be the best for screening. We chose ZINC000016952895 as the screen molecule with the best binding docking score (XP score = -13.3613). Finally, the 100 ns for the ZINC000016952895-MAO-B complex in our MD investigations is stable. For compounds that we hit, also anticipate ADME properties. Our research revealed that the successful compound ZINC000016952895 might pave the way for the future development of MAO inhibitors for the treatment of neurological disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Amritha Manoharan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Feba Benny
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Mohamed A Abdelgawad
- Department of pharmaceutical chemistry, College of pharmacy, Jouf university, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt
| | - Mohammed M Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - T P Aneesh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, India
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Hung CC, Ko YC, Chung CM. Association between Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Monoamine Oxidase and the Severity of Addiction to Betel Quid. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1010-1019. [PMID: 38392182 PMCID: PMC10887354 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Betel quid (BQ) is the fourth most popular psychoactive substance in the world, and BQ use disorder (BUD) is prevalent in Asian countries. Although the mechanisms underlying BUD remain unclear, studies have reported influences from monoamine oxidase inhibitor. We enrolled 50 patients with BUD and assessed their BQ consumption habits, emotional conditions, and the clinical severity of addiction-assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fifth Edition] (DSM-5) criteria, Substance Use Severity Rating Scale, and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Rating Scale for BQ. Patients were categorized into the severe group when showing six or more symptoms defined by DSM-5. A genome-wide association study was conducted for single nucleotide polymorphisms in BRCA1, COL9A1, NOTCH1, HSPA13, FAT1, and MAOA by using patients' blood samples. More severe BUD symptoms were associated with younger age of using BQ and poor oral hygiene and with severe craving for and more anxiety toward BQ use. The MAOA rs5953210 polymorphism was significantly associated with severe BUD (odds ratio, 6.43; 95% confidence interval, 5.12-7.74; p < 0.01) and might contribute to BQ-associated cancer risk. Further studies are required to investigate the addictive properties of BQ and the development of novel diagnostic tools and pharmacotherapeutic alternatives to BUD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Chieh Hung
- School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40201, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chin Ko
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106216, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Min Chung
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry and Center for Addiction and Mental Health, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
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Mi P, Tan Y, Ye S, Lang JJ, Lv Y, Jiang J, Chen L, Luo J, Lin Y, Yuan Z, Zheng X, Lin YW. Discovery of C-3 isoxazole substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives as potent and selective inhibitors for monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). Eur J Med Chem 2024; 263:115956. [PMID: 37992521 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing new scaffolds for highly potent and selective inhibitors of human Monoamine Oxidase B (hMAO-B) is a crucial objective in enhancing the efficacy and safety in the clinical treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we have identified a series of C-3 isoxazole-substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives that exhibit strong inhibitory activity against hMAO-B. The strategy of oxidizing thiochromone to thiochromone S,S-dioxide solves the key defect of extreme insolubility observed for thiochromone analogues. In addition, the sulfone group contributes extra hydrogen(H)-bonding interactions with Tyr435, which significantly increases the activity of thiochromone S,S-dioxide derivatives against hMAO-B. Furthermore, the presence of isoxazole group provides potential H-bonding interaction and electrostatic interaction with the residue of Tyr326, while the rigid aryl ring introduces a potential steric conflict with Phe208 of hMAO-A to improve both potency and selectivity. In our investigations, several compounds (9c, 10c, 10e, 10g, 10l and 10m) demonstrate remarkable single-digit nanomolar potency. These compounds exhibit favorable cytotoxicity profiles in both differentiated SH-SY5Y and HVSMC cells, without apparent cardiotoxic effects. Moreover, compounds 10e and 10h do not lead to an increase in ROS levels in differentiated SH-SY5Y cells, further demonstrating their potential as safe and effective hMAO-B inhibitors. These findings indicate that the C-3 isoxazole substituted thiochromone S,S-dioxide analogues are potential leading compounds for the development of selective inhibitors with high potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbing Mi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Yan Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Shiying Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - You Lv
- College of Bioresources Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710021, China; Xi'an Amazinggene Co., Ltd, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710026, China
| | - Jinhuan Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Limei Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Jianxiong Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yuqing Lin
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zhonghua Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
| | - Xing Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hengyang Medicinal School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Vocational College of Science and Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410004, China.
| | - Ying-Wu Lin
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China; Key Lab of Protein Structure and Function of Universities in Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China.
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Yang C, Wang X, Gao C, Liu Y, Ma Z, Zang J, Wang H, Liu L, Liu Y, Sun H, Wang W. Molecular Mechanism and Structure-activity Relationship of the Inhibition Effect between Monoamine Oxidase and Selegiline Analogues. Curr Comput Aided Drug Des 2024; 20:474-485. [PMID: 37138424 DOI: 10.2174/1573409919666230503143055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To investigate the inhibition properties and structure-activity relationship between monoamine oxidase (MAO) and selected monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs, including selegiline, rasagiline and clorgiline). METHODS The inhibition effect and molecular mechanism between MAO and MAOIs were identified via the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) and molecular docking technology. RESULTS It was indicated that selegiline and rasagiline were MAO B inhibitors, but clorgiline was MAO-A inhibitor based on the selectivity index (SI) of MAOIs (0.000264, 0.0197 and 14607.143 for selegiline, rasagiline and clorgiline, respectively). The high-frequency amino acid residues of the MAOIs and MAO were Ser24, Arg51, Tyr69 and Tyr407 for MAO-A and Arg42 and Tyr435 for MAO B. The MAOIs and MAO A/B pharmacophores included the aromatic core, hydrogen bond acceptor, hydrogen bond donor-acceptor and hydrophobic core. CONCLUSION This study shows the inhibition effect and molecular mechanism between MAO and MAOIs and provides valuable findings on the design and treatment of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanxi Yang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China
| | - Chang Gao
- Qingdao Jiaming Measurement and Control Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yunxiang Liu
- Environmental Monitoring Station of Yuncheng County Environmental Protection Bureau, Heze, Shandong, 274700, China
| | - Ziyi Ma
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Jinqiu Zang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Haoce Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Yonglin Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Haofen Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
| | - Weiliang Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266520, China
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Asano H, Tian YS, Hatabu A, Takagi T, Ueda M, Ikeda K. Safety comparisons among monoamine oxidase inhibitors against Parkinson's disease using FDA adverse event reporting system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19272. [PMID: 37935702 PMCID: PMC10630381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors are used to control Parkinson's disease (PD). Selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide are widely used as MAO-B inhibitors worldwide. Although these drugs inhibit MAO-B, there are pharmacological and chemical differences, such as the inhibitory activity, the non-dopaminergic properties in safinamide, and the amphetamine-like structure in selegiline. MAO-B inhibitors may differ in adverse events (AEs). However, differences in actual practical clinics are not fully investigated. A retrospective study was conducted using FAERS, the largest database of spontaneous adverse events. AE signals for MAO-B inhibitors, including selegiline, rasagiline, and safinamide, were detected using the reporting odds ratio method and compared. Hypocomplementemia, hepatic cyst, hepatic function abnormal, liver disorder and cholangitis were detected for selegiline as drug-specific signals. The amphetamine effect was not confirmed for any of the three MAO-B inhibitors. The tyramine reaction was detected as an AE signal only for rasagiline. Moreover, the REM sleep behavior disorder was not detected as an AE signal for safinamide, suggesting that non-dopaminergic effects might be beneficial. Considering the differences in AEs for MAO-B inhibitors will assist with the appropriate PD medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroto Asano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yu-Shi Tian
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Asuka Hatabu
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Takagi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mikiko Ueda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenji Ikeda
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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Varnäs K, Nag S, Halldin C, Farde L. PET Evaluation of the Novel F-18 Labeled Reversible Radioligand [ 18F]GEH200449 for Detection of Monoamine Oxidase-B in the Non-Human Primate Brain. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3206-3211. [PMID: 37587571 PMCID: PMC10485887 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) using radioligands for the enzyme monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is increasingly applied as a marker for astrogliosis in neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, a novel reversible fluorine-18 labeled MAO-B compound, [18F]GEH200449, was evaluated as a PET radioligand in non-human primates. PET studies of [18F]GEH200449 at baseline showed brain exposure (maximum concentration: 3.4-5.2 SUV; n = 5) within the range of that for suitable central nervous system radioligands and a regional distribution consistent with the known localization of MAO-B. Based on the quantitative assessment of [18F]GEH200449 data using the metabolite-corrected arterial plasma concentration as input function, the Logan graphical analysis was selected as the preferred method of quantification. The binding of [18F]GEH200449, as calculated based on regional estimates of the total distribution volume, was markedly inhibited (occupancy >80%) by the administration of the selective MAO-B ligands L-deprenyl (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) or rasagiline (0.75 mg/kg) prior to radioligand injection. Radioligand binding was displaceable by the administration of L-deprenyl (0.5 mg/kg) at 25 min after radioligand injection, thus supporting reversible binding to MAO-B. These observations support that [18F]GEH200449 is a reversible MAO-B radioligand suitable for applied studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Varnäs
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Sangram Nag
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Christer Halldin
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
| | - Lars Farde
- Karolinska Institutet,
Department
of Clinical Neuroscience, Center for Psychiatry Research and Stockholm
County Council, BioClinicum J:15, Visionsgatan 4, SE-171
64 Solna, Sweden
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Harsing LG, Timar J, Miklya I. Striking Neurochemical and Behavioral Differences in the Mode of Action of Selegiline and Rasagiline. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13334. [PMID: 37686140 PMCID: PMC10487936 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Selegiline and rasagiline are two selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. In their clinical application, however, differences in L-dopa-sparing potencies have been observed. The aim of this study was to find neurochemical and behavioral explanations for the antiparkinsonian effects of these drugs. We found that selegiline possesses a dopaminergic enhancer effect: it stimulated the electrically induced [3H]dopamine release without influencing the resting [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in 10-10-10-9 mol/L concentrations. Rasagiline added in 10-13 to 10-5 mol/L concentrations did not alter the resting or electrically stimulated [3H]dopamine release. Rasagiline (10-9 mol/L), however, suspended the stimulatory effect of selegiline on the electrically induced [3H]dopamine release. The trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) antagonist EPPTB (10-8-10-7 mol/L) also inhibited the stimulatory effect of selegiline on [3H]dopamine release. The effect of selegiline in its enhancer dose (5.33 nmol/kg) against tetrabenazine-induced learning deficit measured in a shuttle box apparatus was abolished by a 5.84 nmol/kg dose of rasagiline. The selegiline metabolite (-)methamphetamine (10-9 mol/L) also exhibited enhancer activity on [3H]dopamine release. We have concluded that selegiline acts as an MAO-B inhibitor and a dopaminergic enhancer drug, and the latter relates to an agonist effect on TAAR1. In contrast, rasagiline is devoid of enhancer activity but may act as an antagonist on TAAR1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ildiko Miklya
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvarad ter 4, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; (L.G.H.J.); (J.T.)
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Zhao D, Chen P, Hao Y, Dong J, Dai Y, Lu Q, Zhang X, Liu CW. Long-acting injectable in situ gel of rasagiline: a patented product development. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1012-1021. [PMID: 36575353 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01261-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Rasagiline has a certain potential in neuroprotection and delaying the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the poor pharmacokinetics (PK) characteristics of conventional oral tablets and poor medication compliance limit the optimal efficacy of rasagiline. Based on this, we designed and optimized a sustained-release rasagiline in situ gel based on in vitro release and in vivo PK results. Among them, we found for the first time that aluminum hydroxide can effectively shorten the lag phase and promote early and late release, making the daily release more uniform. After subcutaneous administration of the optimized gel formulation at a monthly dose, the Cmax (64 ng/ml) was lower than that of free rasagiline (494 ng/ml) administered subcutaneously at a daily dose and comparable to that of oral administration of Azilect® (59.1 ng/ml) at a daily dose. In the meantime, the plasma concentration of rasagiline was mainly maintained at 5-10 ng/ml for about 1 month, and the active metabolite 1-aminoindane in plasma was also able to maintain a steady state. The rasagiline in situ gel has suitable viscosity and injectability, good repeatability of subcutaneous injection, and controllable impurities and can achieve sustained release in vivo with small burst release, which may have the clinical application advantages of maximizing the disease-modifying effect of rasagiline and improving medication compliance. The rasagiline in situ gel was optimized through the feedback of in vitro release and in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK), in which the addition of aluminum hydroxide had a modulating effect on uniform release. The gel has low burst release and maintains steady-state blood drug concentration for about 1 month.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanbin Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China
| | - Chia-Wen Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug Development, Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 210042, Nanjing, China.
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Yi C, Liu X, Chen K, Liang H, Jin C. Design, synthesis and evaluation of novel monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetic properties for Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 252:115308. [PMID: 37001389 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel ((benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as MAO-B inhibitors. SAR studies indicated that cyclizing benzyl ether into benzofuran ring resulted in the most potent MAO-B inhibitor (IC50 = 0.037 μM), (2S,4S)-4-fluoro-1-((2-(4-fluorophenyl) benzofuran-5-yl)methyl)pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide (C14). PK properties of C14 in rats and mice were significantly improved compared to our previous candidate and safinamide, indicating that benzofuran moiety is essential for improving PK properties. Moreover, C14 displayed good metabolic stability and brain-blood barrier permeability, as well as favorable in vitro properties. Finally, C14 significantly inhibited MAO-B in the mouse brain. C14 exhibited a potential efficacy for DA deficits in the MPTP-induced mouse model and significantly increased DA concentration in the striatum. Thus, we identified that C14 may be a promising drug candidate for PD treatment.
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11
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Ayaz M, Wadood A, Sadiq A, Ullah F, Anichkina O, Ghufran M. In-silico evaluations of the isolated phytosterols from polygonum hydropiper L against BACE1 and MAO drug targets. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10230-10238. [PMID: 34157942 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1940286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous anti-Alzheimer's studies on crude extracts, essential oils and isolated compounds including β-sitostrol from Polygonum hydropiper L, motivated us for further studies against beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and monoamine oxidases (MAO-A), (MAO-B) enzymes. Before performing detailed studies on the compounds using animal models and immunohistochemistry, molecular docking study was performed against three vital enzymes implicated in several neurological disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), depression and anxiety to predict their inhibitory potential against important enzymes. Beta amyloid cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) is important enzyme that catalyze pathological amyloidogenic pathway of processing amyloid precursor proteins to form neurotoxic amyloid plaques. Subsequently, BACE1 inhibitors are considered an important tool in the management of AD. MAOs have been categorized in two well-known groups MAO-A and MAO-B, based on their differential affinity for various monoamines substrates. MAO-A has more affinity for norepinephrine and 5-HT, whereas, MAO-B mainly catalyze the breakdown of dopamine and 2-phenylathylamine (PEA) and other monoamines. Subsequently, they have divergent behavioral outcomes and play a significant role in pathophysiology of several neurodegenerative disorders like AD, depression, drug abuse, migraines, schizophrenia, Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). Molecular docking was carried out to predict the binding modes of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol in the binding pockets of BACE1 (beta-sectretase 1) and MAO (monoamine oxidase A, B) enzymes. The 3 D structure of BACE1 (PDB ID: 2QP8), MAO A (PDB ID: 2ZPX) and MAO B (PDB ID: 2XFN) were downloaded from protein databank. The 3 D structures were then subjected to protonation and energy minimization using default parameters of MOE. Three dimensional structures of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol were built by using Molecular Builder Module program implemented in MOE and saved as a (.mdb) file for molecular docking. Subsequently, the energy of both the compounds were minimized up to 0.05 Gradient using MMFF 94 s force field implemented in MOE. Both the compounds were docked into the active site of proteins using the Triangular Matching docking method (default) and 10 different conformations for each compound were generated. To obtain minimum energy structures the ligands were allowed to be flexible during docking. At the end of docking, the predicted ligand-protein complexes were analyzed for molecular interactions. Overall the docking results showed that these compounds showed good interaction with active site residues of BACE1 as compare to MAO-A and MAO-B. Furthermore, β-sitosterol showed good interaction with BACE1 as compare to stigmasterol.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ayaz
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of biochemistry, Garden campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Farhat Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Dir (L), KPK, Pakistan
| | - Olga Anichkina
- K.G. Razumovsky, Moscow State University of Technologies and Management (the First Cossack University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mehreen Ghufran
- Department of biochemistry, Garden campus, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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12
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Boulaamane Y, Ibrahim MAA, Britel MR, Maurady A. In silico studies of natural product-like caffeine derivatives as potential MAO-B inhibitors/AA 2AR antagonists for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Integr Bioinform 2022; 19:jib-2021-0027. [PMID: 36112816 PMCID: PMC9800045 DOI: 10.1515/jib-2021-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is considered the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease. It is described by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the mid-brain. For many decades, L-DOPA has been considered as the gold standard for treating Parkinson's disease motor symptoms, however, due to the decrease of efficacy, in the long run, there is an urgent need for novel antiparkinsonian drugs. Caffeine derivatives have been reported several times for their neuroprotective properties and dual blockade of monoamine oxidase (MAO) and adenosine A2A receptors (AA2AR). Natural products are currently attracting more focus due to structural diversity and safety in contrast to synthetic drugs. In the present work, computational studies were conducted on natural product-like caffeine derivatives to search for novel potent candidates acting as dual MAO-B inhibitors/AA2AR antagonists for Parkinson's disease. Our findings revealed two natural products among the top hits: CNP0202316 and CNP0365210 fulfill the requirements of drugs acting on the brain. The selected lead compounds were further studied using molecular dynamics simulation to assess their stability with MAO-B. Current findings might shift the interest towards natural-based compounds and could be exploited to further optimize caffeine derivatives into a successful dual-target-directed drug for managing and halting the neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Boulaamane
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Mahmoud A. A. Ibrahim
- Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Minia University, Minia, 61519, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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13
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Chrienova Z, Nepovimova E, Andrys R, Dolezal R, Janockova J, Muckova L, Fabova L, Soukup O, Oleksak P, Valis M, Korabecny J, Marco-Contelles J, Kuca K. Privileged multi-target directed propargyl-tacrines combining cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase inhibition activities. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2605-2620. [PMID: 36131624 PMCID: PMC9518283 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2122054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Twenty-four novel compounds bearing tetrahydroacridine and N-propargyl moieties have been designed, synthesised, and evaluated in vitro for their anti-cholinesterase and anti-monoamine oxidase activities. Propargyltacrine 23 (IC50 = 21 nM) was the most potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor, compound 20 (IC50 = 78 nM) showed the best inhibitory human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE) profile, and ligand 21 afforded equipotent and significant values on both ChEs (human AChE [hAChE]: IC50 = 0.095 ± 0.001 µM; hBChE: IC50 = 0.093 ± 0.003 µM). Regarding MAO inhibition, compounds 7, 15, and 25 demonstrated the highest inhibitory potential towards hMAO-B (IC50 = 163, 40, and 170 nM, respectively). In all, compounds 7, 15, 20, 21, 23, and 25 exhibiting the most balanced pharmacological profile, were submitted to permeability and cell viability tests. As a result, 7-phenoxy-N-(prop-2-yn-1-yl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridin-9-amine hydrochloride (15) has been identified as a permeable agent that shows a balanced pharmacological profile [IC50 (hAChE) = 1.472 ± 0.024 µM; IC50 (hBChE) = 0.659 ± 0.077 µM; IC50 (hMAO-B) = 40.39 ± 5.98 nM], and consequently, as a new hit-ligand that deserves further investigation, in particular in vivo analyses, as the preliminary cell viability test results reported here suggest that this is a relatively safe therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zofia Chrienova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eugenie Nepovimova
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Andrys
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Rafael Dolezal
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Janockova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lubica Muckova
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Fabova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Oleksak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Valis
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, Charles University in Prague, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Centre and Department of Neurology, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.,Department of Toxicology and Military Pharmacy, Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - José Marco-Contelles
- Institute of General Organic Chemistry (CSIC), Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Hong SW, Teesdale-Spittle P, Page R, Truman P. A review of monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors in tobacco or tobacco smoke. Neurotoxicology 2022; 93:163-172. [PMID: 36155069 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is reputed to be the most difficult addiction of all to give up, and nicotine has been noted as the major addictive agent in tobacco smoke. However, research shows that nicotine addiction is due to more than nicotine alone. One hypothesis is that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition from non-nicotinic components in, or derived from, tobacco smoke contributes to nicotine addiction. Harman and norharman, have been recognised as major and potent MAO inhibitors in tobacco smoke, but these two inhibitors together comprise perhaps less than 10% of the total MAO A inhibitory activity in cigarette smoke suggesting other unidentified components may make significant contributions to total inhibitory activity. Therefore, we reviewed an index of the chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke and identified those known to be MAO inhibitors. Amongst these inhibitors, phenols and phenolic acids with MAO inhibitory activity are commonly reversible and selective MAO A inhibitors, whereas trans,trans-farnesol, 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (menadione), 1,4-naphthoquinone, scopoletin, and diosmetin with MAO inhibitory activity are reversible and selective MAO B inhibitors. The compound, 1,4-benzoquinone is an irreversible MAO A inhibitor and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first irreversible MAO A inhibitor to be reported in tobacco smoke. MAO inhibitors have been used clinically to treat depression, anxiety, and Parkinson's disease. The MAO inhibitors identified from tobacco and tobacco smoke and summarized in this review, are potential pharmacological candidates to be investigated further. This review will enhance our knowledge of the way tobacco smoke affects MAO activity in smokers and will also be important in helping to understand nicotine addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sa Weon Hong
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Paul Teesdale-Spittle
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6012, New Zealand
| | - Rachel Page
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
| | - Penelope Truman
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University, Wellington 6021, New Zealand
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15
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Rasagiline as Adjunct to Levodopa for Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 2022:4216452. [PMID: 36081594 PMCID: PMC9448622 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4216452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Rasagiline is a selective, irreversible monoamine oxidase type B inhibitor used as monotherapy in early Parkinson's disease and as an adjunct therapy to levodopa in Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations. Objectives This meta-analysis aimed to provide updated evidence on the efficacy for motor and nonmotor symptoms and the safety of rasagiline/levodopa versus levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations. Methods A systematic literature search was conducted (January 18-19, 2021) using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify randomized controlled trials comparing rasagiline/levodopa versus placebo/levodopa in patients with Parkinson's disease experiencing motor fluctuations. Outcomes included change in wearing-off time, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)/Movement Disorder Society-UPDRS (MDS-UPDRS) II and III scores, treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) summary index score. A random effect model was used to estimate the treatment effects. Results Six studies were included (1912 patients). Significant improvements in wearing-off time (standardized mean difference [SMD]: −0.50, 95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.92 to –0.09, p = 0.002), levodopa dosage (SMD: −0.18, 95% CI: −0.35 to –0.01, p = 0.041), UPDRS/MDS-UPDRS II (SMD: −0.39, 95% CI: −0.52 to –0.25, p < 0.0001), UPDRS/MDS-UPDRS III (SMD: −0.30, 95% CI: −0.44 to –0.16, p < 0.0001), and PDQ-39 summary index score (SMD: –0.21, 95% CI: –0.37 to –0.04, p = 0.013) were observed with rasagiline/levodopa versus placebo/levodopa. The incidence of TEAEs did not differ between treatments (risk ratio: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.98–1.30, p = 0.093). Conclusions This meta-analysis further indicated the superiority of rasagiline/levodopa in improving motor and nonmotor symptoms of Parkinson's disease, with a similar safety profile to that of levodopa in Parkinson's disease with motor fluctuations.
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16
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Cheng NN, Zhang LH, Ge R, Feng XE, Li QS. Triphenylpyrazoline ketone chlorophenols as potential candidate compounds against Parkinson’s disease: design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02932-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Reis J, Fernandes C, Salem H, Maia M, Tomé C, Benfeito S, Teixeira J, Oliveira PJ, Uriarte E, Ortuso F, Alcaro S, Bagetta D, Cagide F, Borges F. Design and synthesis of chromone-based monoamine oxidase B inhibitors with improved drug-like properties. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114507. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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P2B001 (Extended Release Pramipexole and Rasagiline): A New Treatment Option in Development for Parkinson's Disease. Adv Ther 2022; 39:1881-1894. [PMID: 35267155 PMCID: PMC9056484 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-022-02097-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite levodopa’s superior efficacy in reducing the motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), its risk to induce motor complications requires consideration of the pros and cons of initiating treatment with levodopa-sparing strategies. The current drive toward early levodopa monotherapy is primarily driven by safety and tolerability concerns with dopamine agonists and only mild efficacy of other available approaches. Recently, P2B001, a novel once-daily combination of low-dose, extended-release formulations of pramipexole and rasagiline (0.6 mg and 0.75 mg respectively), has entered clinical development. In this drug evaluation, we review the preclinical and current clinical data for P2B001 and its components. The P2B001 combination has the potential to provide greater efficacy than either pramipexole or rasagiline alone and a better tolerability profile compared to higher dosage dopamine agonist monotherapy, while maintaining the advantage of lower motor complication risk than levodopa. Parkinson’s disease is the fastest growing neurologic disorder across the globe. Once diagnosed, it is now generally agreed that there is no clinical rationale to postpone symptomatic treatment in people who develop Parkinson’s-related disability. There are three main treatment options available for use in early Parkinson’s disease: levodopa, dopamine agonists and monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors. Of these, there is a current push toward using levodopa as the main first-line therapy. This is primarily because of the significant safety and tolerability concerns with dopamine agonists and only mild efficacy of MAO-B inhibitors. Recently, P2B001, a novel drug formulation combining once-daily, extended-release, low dosages of the dopamine agonist pramipexole and the MAO-B inhibitor rasagiline (0.6 mg and 0.75 mg respectively), has entered clinical development. In this article, the authors review the preclinical and current clinical data on P2B001 and its components. The P2B001 combination has the potential to provide greater efficacy than either pramipexole or rasagiline alone and a better tolerability profile compared to higher dosage dopamine agonist monotherapy, while maintaining the advantage of lower motor complication risk than levodopa.
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Simão AY, Antunes M, Cabral E, Oliveira P, Rosendo LM, Brinca AT, Alves E, Marques H, Rosado T, Passarinha LA, Andraus M, Barroso M, Gallardo E. An Update on the Implications of New Psychoactive Substances in Public Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:4869. [PMID: 35457736 PMCID: PMC9028227 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19084869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of new psychoactive substances has earned a great deal of attention, and several reports of acute poisoning and deaths have been issued involving, for instance, synthetic opiates. In recent years, there have been profound alterations in the legislation concerning consumption, marketing, and synthesis of these compounds; rapid alert systems have also been subject to changes, and new substances and new markets, mainly through the internet, have appeared. Their effects and how they originate in consumers are still mostly unknown, primarily in what concerns chronic toxicity. This review intends to provide a detailed description of these substances from the point of view of consumption, toxicokinetics, and health consequences, including case reports on intoxications in order to help researchers and public health agents working daily in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y. Simão
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Mónica Antunes
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Emanuel Cabral
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Patrik Oliveira
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Luana M. Rosendo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Ana Teresa Brinca
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Estefânia Alves
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
| | - Hernâni Marques
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Tiago Rosado
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal
| | - Luís A. Passarinha
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | | | - Mário Barroso
- Serviço de Química e Toxicologia Forenses, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, Delegação do Sul, 1150-219 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilha, Portugal; (A.Y.S.); (M.A.); (E.C.); (P.O.); (L.M.R.); (A.T.B.); (E.A.); (H.M.); (T.R.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilha, Portugal
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20
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Boulaamane Y, Ahmad I, Patel H, Das N, Britel MR, Maurady A. Structural exploration of selected C6 and C7-substituted coumarin isomers as selective MAO-B inhibitors. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:2326-2340. [PMID: 35168478 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2033643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine Oxidase B is considered a successful target for developing antiparkinsonian drugs. Due to the side effects of current MAO-B inhibitors, there's an urgent need for novel potent and highly selective MAO-B inhibitors. A recent study has shown that coumarins tend to be more selective towards MAO-B than MAO-A when connected to a hex-5-ynyloxy chain at position 6 in contrast to their C7-isomers. The present study describes the mode of interaction of the C6 and C7-substituted coumarin isomers characterized by their difference in selectivity towards MAO-B through molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations in an effort to elucidate the structural components and molecular interactions that may be responsible for MAO-B selectivity. Three isomeric coumarin pairs connected to ether chain at position 6 or 7 were taken from the literature and modelled according to their IUPAC nomenclature. Molecular docking study revealed one π- π stacking interaction with Tyr-326 in common between the selective coumarin C6-isomers. Resulting complexes of one isomeric coumarin pair that displayed the highest selectivity shift towards MAO-B were subject to 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations study to analyze the stability of the docked complexes. Molecular dynamics revealed that the C7-isomer is relatively stable in both MAO isoforms through the simulation duration, whereas the C6-isomer deemed unstable for MAO-A which may be due to the bulky Phe-208 residue in MAO-A. Our results might be applied for further development and optimization of coumarin derivatives into a successful drug against Parkinson's disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yassir Boulaamane
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Harun Patel
- Division of Computer Aided Drug Design, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R. C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Niloy Das
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed Reda Britel
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
| | - Amal Maurady
- Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, National School of Applied Sciences of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco.,Laboratory of Innovative Technologies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Tangier, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, Tetouan, Morocco
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21
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Gouda NA, Elkamhawy A, Cho J. Emerging Therapeutic Strategies for Parkinson’s Disease and Future Prospects: A 2021 Update. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10020371. [PMID: 35203580 PMCID: PMC8962417 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder pathologically distinguished by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Muscle rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia are all clinical motor hallmarks of PD. Several pathways have been implicated in PD etiology, including mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and neuroinflammation, but how these factors interact remains incompletely understood. Although many breakthroughs in PD therapy have been accomplished, there is currently no cure for PD, only trials to alleviate the related motor symptoms. To reduce or stop the clinical progression and mobility impairment, a disease-modifying approach that can directly target the etiology rather than offering symptomatic alleviation remains a major unmet clinical need in the management of PD. In this review, we briefly introduce current treatments and pathophysiology of PD. In addition, we address the novel innovative therapeutic targets for PD therapy, including α-synuclein, autophagy, neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation, and others. Several immunomodulatory approaches and stem cell research currently in clinical trials with PD patients are also discussed. Moreover, preclinical studies and clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of novel and repurposed therapeutic agents and their pragmatic applications with encouraging outcomes are summarized. Finally, molecular biomarkers under active investigation are presented as potentially valuable tools for early PD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy and Integrated Research Institute for Drug Development, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (A.E.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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A critical appraisal of MAO-B inhibitors in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2022; 129:723-736. [PMID: 35107654 PMCID: PMC9188534 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02465-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Since the 1980s, the MAO-B inhibitors have gained considerable status in the therapy of the Parkinson's disease. In addition to the symptomatic effect in mono- and combination therapies, a neuroprotective effect has repeatedly been a matter of some discussion, which has unfortunately led to a good many misunderstandings. Due to potential interactions, selegiline has declined in significance in the field. For the MAO-B inhibitor safinamide, recently introduced to the market, an additional inhibition of pathological release of glutamate has been postulated. At present, rasagiline and selegiline are being administered in early therapy as well as in combination with levodopa. Safinamide has been approved only for combination therapy with levodopa when motor fluctuations have occurred. MAO-B inhibitors are a significant therapeutic option for Parkinson's disease, an option which is too often not appreciated properly.
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23
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Duarte P, Michalska P, Crisman E, Cuadrado A, León R. Novel Series of Dual NRF2 Inducers and Selective MAO-B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020247. [PMID: 35204129 PMCID: PMC8868346 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by a complex network of physiopathological events where oxidative stress plays a central role among other factors such as neuroinflammation and protein homeostasis. Nuclear factor-erythroid 2 p45-related factor 2 (NRF2) has a multitarget profile itself as it controls a plethora of cellular processes involved in the progression of the disease. In this line, we designed a novel family of 2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethan-1-amine derivatives as NRF2 inducers with complementary activities. Novel compounds are based on melatonin scaffold and include, among other properties, selective monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibition activity. Novel multitarget compounds exhibited NRF2 induction activity and MAO-B selective inhibition, combined with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and blood–brain barrier permeation properties. Furthermore, they exert neuroprotective properties against oxidative stress toxicity in PD-related in vitro. Hit compound 14 reduced oxidative stress markers and exerted neuroprotection in rat striatal slices exposed to 6-hydroxydopamine or rotenone. In conclusion, we developed a promising family of dual NRF2 inducers and selective MAO-B inhibitors that could serve as a novel therapeutic strategy for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Duarte
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (E.C.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Enrique Crisman
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (E.C.)
- Instituto Teófilo Hernando y Departamento de Farmacología y Terapéutica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IS), Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Cuadrado
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Paz (IdiPaz), Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas ‘Alberto Sols’ UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Rafael León
- Instituto de Química Médica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IQM-CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (P.D.); (E.C.)
- Correspondence:
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24
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Pampalakis G, Angelis G, Zingkou E, Vekrellis K, Sotiropoulou G. A chemogenomic approach is required for effective treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e657. [PMID: 35064780 PMCID: PMC8783349 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
ALS is a fatal untreatable disease involving degeneration of motor neurons. Μultiple causative genes encoding proteins with versatile functions have been identified indicating that diverse biological pathways lead to ALS. Chemical entities still represent a promising choice to delay ALS progression, attenuate symptoms and/or increase life expectancy, but also gene-based and stem cell-based therapies are in the process of development, and some are tested in clinical trials. Various compounds proved effective in transgenic models overexpressing distinct ALS causative genes unfortunately though, they showed no efficacy in clinical trials. Notably, while animal models provide a uniform genetic background for preclinical testing, ALS patients are not stratified, and the distinct genetic forms of ALS are treated as one group, which could explain the observed discrepancies between treating genetically homogeneous mice and quite heterogeneous patient cohorts. We suggest that chemical entity-genotype correlation should be exploited to guide patient stratification for pharmacotherapy, that is administered drugs should be selected based on the ALS genetic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Pampalakis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelis
- Department of Pharmacology - Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
| | - Kostas Vekrellis
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Sotiropoulou
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Rion-Patras, Greece
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25
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Prachayasittikul V, Pingaew R, Prachayasittikul S, Prachayasittikul V. 8-Hydroxyquinolines: A Promising Pharmacophore Potentially Developed as Disease-Modifying Agents for Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review. HETEROCYCLES 2022. [DOI: 10.3987/rev-22-sr(r)6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Harfouche A, Alata W, Leblanc K, Heslaut G, Figadère B, Maciuk A. Label-free LC/HRMS-based enzymatic activity assay for the detection of DDC, MAO and COMT inhibitors. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 212:114598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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27
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Tan YY, Jenner P, Chen SD. Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease: Past, Present, and Future. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2022; 12:477-493. [PMID: 34957948 PMCID: PMC8925102 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-212976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are commonly used for the symptomatic treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). MAO-B inhibitor monotherapy has been shown to be effective and safe for the treatment of early-stage PD, while MAO-B inhibitors as adjuvant drugs have been widely applied for the treatment of the advanced stages of the illness. MAO-B inhibitors can effectively improve patients' motor and non-motor symptoms, reduce "OFF" time, and may potentially prevent/delay disease progression. In this review, we discuss the effects of MAO-B inhibitors on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients, their mechanism of action, and the future development of MAO-B inhibitor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yan Tan
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peter Jenner
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Sheng-Di Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Institute of Immunochemistry, Shanghai Tech University, Shanghai, China
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28
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent‐Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine‐Derived α‐Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological Chemistry UCL (University College London) School of Pharmacy 29–39 Brunswick Square London WC1N 1AX UK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry Amsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS) Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM) Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam De Boelelaan 1083 1081 HV Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of Chemistry Chemistry Research Laboratory University of Oxford 12 Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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29
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Maitland JAP, Leitch JA, Yamazaki K, Christensen KE, Cassar DJ, Hamlin TA, Dixon DJ. Switchable, Reagent-Controlled Diastereodivergent Photocatalytic Carbocyclisation of Imine-Derived α-Amino Radicals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:24116-24123. [PMID: 34449968 PMCID: PMC8597041 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A reagent-controlled stereodivergent carbocyclisation of aryl aldimine-derived, photocatalytically generated, α-amino radicals possessing adjacent conjugated alkenes, affording either bicyclic or tetracyclic products, is described. Under net reductive conditions using commercial Hantzsch ester, the α-amino radical species underwent a single stereoselective cyclisation to give trans-configured amino-indane structures in good yield, whereas using a substituted Hantzsch ester as a milder reductant afforded cis-fused tetracyclic tetrahydroquinoline frameworks, resulting from two consecutive radical cyclisations. Judicious choice of the reaction conditions allowed libraries of both single and dual cyclisation products to be synthesised with high selectivity, notable predictability, and good-to-excellent yields. Computational analysis employing DFT revealed the reaction pathway and mechanistic rationale behind this finely balanced yet readily controlled photocatalytic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Andrew P. Maitland
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | - Jamie A. Leitch
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Current address: Department of Pharmaceutical and Biological ChemistryUCL (University College London)School of Pharmacy29–39 Brunswick SquareLondonWC1N 1AXUK
| | - Ken Yamazaki
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Kirsten E. Christensen
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
| | | | - Trevor A. Hamlin
- Department of Theoretical ChemistryAmsterdam Institute of Molecular and Life Sciences (AIMMS)Amsterdam Center for Multiscale Modeling (ACMM)Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamDe Boelelaan 10831081 HVAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Darren J. Dixon
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford12 Mansfield RoadOxfordOX1 3TAUK
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30
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Elsherbeny MH, Kim J, Gouda NA, Gotina L, Cho J, Pae AN, Lee K, Park KD, Elkamhawy A, Roh EJ. Highly Potent, Selective, and Competitive Indole-Based MAO-B Inhibitors Protect PC12 Cells against 6-Hydroxydopamine- and Rotenone-Induced Oxidative Stress. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1641. [PMID: 34679775 PMCID: PMC8533206 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10101641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) is responsible for dopamine metabolism and plays a key role in oxidative stress by changing the redox state of neuronal and glial cells. To date, no disease-modifying therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been identified. However, MAO-B inhibitors have emerged as a viable therapeutic strategy for PD patients. Herein, a novel series of indole-based small molecules was synthesized as new MAO-B inhibitors with the potential to counteract the induced oxidative stress in PC12 cells. At a single dose concentration of 10 µM, 10 compounds out of 30 were able to inhibit MAO-B with more than 50%. Among them, compounds 7b, 8a, 8b, and 8e showed 84.1, 99.3, 99.4, and 89.6% inhibition over MAO-B and IC50 values of 0.33, 0.02, 0.03, and 0.45 µM, respectively. When compared to the modest selectivity index of rasagiline (II, a well-known MAO-B inhibitor, SI > 50), compounds 7b, 8a, 8b and 8e showed remarkable selectivity indices (SI > 305, 3649, 3278, and 220, respectively). A further kinetic study displayed a competitive mode of action for 8a and 8b over MAO-B with Ki values of 10.34 and 6.63 nM. Molecular docking studies of the enzyme-inhibitor binding complexes in MAO-B revealed that free NH and substituted indole derivatives share a common favorable binding mode: H-bonding with a crucial water "anchor" and Tyr326. Whereas in MAO-A the compounds failed to form favorable interactions, which explained their high selectivity. In addition, compounds 7b, 8a, 8b, and 8e exhibited safe neurotoxicity profiles in PC12 cells and partially reversed 6-hydroxydopamine- and rotenone-induced cell death. Accordingly, we report compounds 7b, 8a, 8b, and 8e as novel promising leads that could be further exploited for their multi-targeted role in the development of a new oxidative stress-related PD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H. Elsherbeny
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (L.G.); (A.N.P.); (K.D.P.)
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Jushin Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Noha A. Gouda
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (L.G.); (A.N.P.); (K.D.P.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (L.G.); (A.N.P.); (K.D.P.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Kyeong Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (K.L.)
| | - Ki Duk Park
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (L.G.); (A.N.P.); (K.D.P.)
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
| | - Ahmed Elkamhawy
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang 10326, Korea; (N.A.G.); (K.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Eun Joo Roh
- Chemical Kinomics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Korea;
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (L.G.); (A.N.P.); (K.D.P.)
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31
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Kurihara K, Mishima T, Fujioka S, Tsuboi Y. Efficacy and safety evaluation of safinamide as an add-on treatment to levodopa for parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2021; 21:137-147. [PMID: 34597253 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2022.1988926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION While levodopa is still the most effective treatment for Parkinson's disease, concerns about long-term complications such as wearing-off and dyskinesia with levodopa usage remain. AREAS COVERED Safinamide is a highly selective and reversible monoamine oxidase B inhibitor introduced in the European Union, Japan, and the United States as an adjunctive agent to levodopa in PD patients with motor fluctuation. This review outlines the pharmacological properties, therapeutic effects, and tolerability of safinamide as an adjunct to levodopa in patients with advanced PD. Efficacy and safety findings from double-blind and placebo-controlled clinical trials for safinamide as an adjunct therapy to levodopa for PD are summarized. EXPERT OPINION Safinamide was well tolerated as a treatment for PD, and there was no significant difference in the frequency and severity of adverse events between the safinamide and placebo groups. It was also suggested that safinamide had a beneficial effect on the accompanying non-motor symptoms such as PD-related pain. Safinamide may exhibit neuroprotective effects through antioxidant and anti-glutamate effects, and research on the disease-modifying effect of PD is desired in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yoshio Tsuboi
- Department of Neurology, Fukuoka University Fukuoka, Japan
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32
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Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibition Facilitates α-Synuclein Secretion In Vitro and Delays Its Aggregation in rAAV-Based Rat Models of Parkinson's Disease. J Neurosci 2021; 41:7479-7491. [PMID: 34290084 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0476-21.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission of α-synuclein (α-syn) pathology is considered to underlie the spread of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). Previous studies have demonstrated that α-syn is secreted under physiological conditions in neuronal cell lines and primary neurons. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate extracellular α-syn secretion remain unclear. In this study, we found that inhibition of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) enzymatic activity facilitated α-syn secretion in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Both inhibition of MAO-B by selegiline or rasagiline and siRNA-mediated knock-down of MAO-B facilitated α-syn secretion. However, TVP-1022, the S-isomer of rasagiline that is 1000 times less active, failed to facilitate α-syn secretion. Additionally, the MAO-B inhibition-induced increase in α-syn secretion was unaffected by brefeldin A, which inhibits endoplasmic reticulum (ER)/Golgi transport, but was blocked by probenecid and glyburide, which inhibit ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter function. MAO-B inhibition preferentially facilitated the secretion of detergent-insoluble α-syn protein and decreased its intracellular accumulation under chloroquine-induced lysosomal dysfunction. Moreover, in a rat model (male Sprague Dawley rats) generated by injecting recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-A53T α-syn, subcutaneous administration of selegiline delayed the striatal formation of Ser129-phosphorylated α-syn aggregates, and mitigated loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Selegiline also delayed α-syn aggregation and dopaminergic neuronal loss in a cell-to-cell transmission rat model (male Sprague Dawley rats) generated by injecting rAAV-wild-type α-syn and externally inoculating α-syn fibrils into the striatum. These findings suggest that MAO-B inhibition modulates the intracellular clearance of detergent-insoluble α-syn via the ABC transporter-mediated non-classical secretion pathway, and temporarily suppresses the formation and transmission of α-syn aggregates.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The identification of a neuroprotective agent that slows or stops the progression of motor impairments is required to treat Parkinson's disease (PD). The process of α-synuclein (α-syn) aggregation is thought to underlie neurodegeneration in PD. Here, we demonstrated that pharmacological inhibition or knock-down of monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) in SH-SY5Y cells facilitated α-syn secretion via a non-classical pathway involving an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter. MAO-B inhibition preferentially facilitated secretion of detergent-insoluble α-syn protein and reduced its intracellular accumulation under chloroquine-induced lysosomal dysfunction. Additionally, MAO-B inhibition by selegiline protected A53T α-syn-induced nigrostriatal dopaminergic neuronal loss and suppressed the formation and cell-to-cell transmission of α-syn aggregates in rat models. We therefore propose a new function of MAO-B inhibition that modulates α-syn secretion and aggregation.
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33
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Oh JM, Jang HJ, Kang MG, Song S, Kim DY, Kim JH, Noh JI, Park JE, Park D, Yee ST, Kim H. Acetylcholinesterase and monoamine oxidase-B inhibitory activities by ellagic acid derivatives isolated from Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii. Sci Rep 2021; 11:13953. [PMID: 34230570 PMCID: PMC8260592 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93458-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Among 276 herbal extracts, a methanol extract of Castanopsis cuspidata var. sieboldii stems was selected as an experimental source for novel acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. Five compounds were isolated from the extract by activity-guided screening, and their inhibitory activities against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), monoamine oxidases (MAOs), and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) were also evaluated. Of these compounds, 4'-O-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyl)-3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (3) and 3,3',4-tri-O-methylellagic acid (4) effectively inhibited AChE with IC50 values of 10.1 and 10.7 µM, respectively. Ellagic acid (5) inhibited AChE (IC50 = 41.7 µM) less than 3 and 4. In addition, 3 effectively inhibited MAO-B (IC50 = 7.27 µM) followed by 5 (IC50 = 9.21 µM). All five compounds weakly inhibited BChE and BACE-1. Compounds 3, 4, and 5 reversibly and competitively inhibited AChE, and were slightly or non-toxic to MDCK cells. The binding energies of 3 and 4 (- 8.5 and - 9.2 kcal/mol, respectively) for AChE were greater than that of 5 (- 8.3 kcal/mol), and 3 and 4 formed a hydrogen bond with Tyr124 in AChE. These results suggest 3 is a dual-targeting inhibitor of AChE and MAO-B, and that these compounds should be viewed as potential therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Min Oh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jae Jang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyun Kang
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Doo-Young Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Natural Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheong-ju si, Chungcheongbuk-do, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-In Noh
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Eun Park
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Daeui Park
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tae Yee
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, and Research Institute of Life Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Song IU, Im JJ, Jeong H, Na SH, Chung YA. Possible neuroprotective effects of rasagiline in Alzheimer's disease: a SPECT study. Acta Radiol 2021; 62:784-790. [PMID: 32646230 DOI: 10.1177/0284185120940264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current lack of effective treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the rapidly increasing burden of the disease highlight the urgent need to find new treatments. Despite accumulating evidence of the beneficial effects of rasagiline in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease, the effects of rasagiline on the brains of patients with AD have not been elucidated. PURPOSE To examine the effects of rasagiline on regional cerebral flow (rCBF) in patients with AD using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). MATERIAL AND METHODS Among 22 patients with AD, 11 patients received adjunctive rasagiline at 1 mg/day in conjunction with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI); 11 patients were only treated with AChEI for about 1.6 years. All patients underwent brain technetium-99m hexamethylpropylene amine oxime SPECT scans and clinical assessments at baseline and follow-up visits. Annual percent changes in rCBF were compared between the groups in a voxel-wise manner. RESULTS SPECT analysis revealed that the rasagiline-treated group showed more increased rCBF in the cingulate gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, putamen, and thalamus compared to the comparison group (P < 0.005). CONCLUSION We demonstrated that adjunctive rasagiline treatment may have beneficial effects on brain perfusion in patients with AD, suggesting potential neuroprotective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Uk Song
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jooyeon Jamie Im
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeonseok Jeong
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Hee Na
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-An Chung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Bai A, Shanmugasundaram V, Selkirk JV, Surapaneni S, Dalvie D. Investigation into MAO B-Mediated Formation of CC112273, a Major Circulating Metabolite of Ozanimod, in Humans and Preclinical Species: Stereospecific Oxidative Deamination of ( S)-Enantiomer of Indaneamine (RP101075) by MAO B. Drug Metab Dispos 2021; 49:601-609. [PMID: 34011531 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.121.000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozanimod, recently approved for treating relapsing multiple sclerosis, produced a disproportionate, active, MAO B-catalyzed metabolite (CC112273) that showed remarkable interspecies differences and led to challenges in safety testing. This study explored the kinetics of CC112273 formation from its precursor RP101075. Incubations with human liver mitochondrial fractions revealed K Mapp, V max, and intrinsic clearance (Clint) for CC112273 formation to be 4.8 μM, 50.3 pmol/min/mg protein, and 12 μl/min/mg, respectively, whereas Michaelis-Menten constant (K M) with human recombinant MAO B was 1.1 μM. Studies with liver mitochondrial fractions from preclinical species led to K Mapp, V max, and Clint estimates of 3.0, 35, and 33 μM, 80.6, 114, 37.3 pmol/min/mg, and 27.2, 3.25, and 1.14 μl/min/mg in monkey, rat, and mouse, respectively, and revealed marked differences between rodents and primates, primarily attributable to differences in the K M Comparison of Clint estimates revealed monkey to be ∼2-fold more efficient and the mouse and rat to be 11- and 4-fold less efficient than humans in CC112273 formation. The influence of stereochemistry on MAO B-mediated oxidation was also investigated using the R-isomer of RP101075 (RP101074). This showed marked selectivity toward catalysis of the S-isomer (RP101075) only. Docking into MAO B crystal structure suggested that although both the isomers occupied its active site, only the orientation of RP101075 presented the C-H on the α-carbon that was ideal for the C-H bond cleavage, which is a requisite for oxidative deamination. These studies explain the basis for the observed interspecies differences in the metabolism of ozanimod as well as the substrate stereospecificity for formation of CC112273. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This study evaluates the enzymology and the species differences of the major circulating metabolite of ozanimod, CC112273. Additionally, the study also explores the influence of stereochemistry on MAO B-catalyzed reactions. The study is of significance to the DMD readers given that this oxidation is catalyzed by a non-cytochrome P450 enzyme, and that marked species difference and notable stereospecificity was observed in MAO B-catalyzed biotransformation when the indaneamine enantiomers were used as substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Bai
- Non-clinical Research and Development (A.B., D.D.) and Neuroscience TRC (J.V.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California; Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts (V.S.); and Non-clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey (S.S.)
| | - Veerabahu Shanmugasundaram
- Non-clinical Research and Development (A.B., D.D.) and Neuroscience TRC (J.V.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California; Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts (V.S.); and Non-clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey (S.S.)
| | - Julie V Selkirk
- Non-clinical Research and Development (A.B., D.D.) and Neuroscience TRC (J.V.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California; Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts (V.S.); and Non-clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey (S.S.)
| | - Sekhar Surapaneni
- Non-clinical Research and Development (A.B., D.D.) and Neuroscience TRC (J.V.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California; Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts (V.S.); and Non-clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey (S.S.)
| | - Deepak Dalvie
- Non-clinical Research and Development (A.B., D.D.) and Neuroscience TRC (J.V.S.), Bristol-Myers Squibb, San Diego, California; Molecular Structure and Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cambridge, Massachusetts (V.S.); and Non-clinical Research and Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Summit, New Jersey (S.S.)
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Chronic Serotonergic Overstimulation Mimicking Panic Attacks in a Patient with Parkinson's Disease Receiving Additional Antidepressant Treatment with Moclobemide. Case Rep Psychiatry 2021; 2021:8868023. [PMID: 33728085 PMCID: PMC7939734 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8868023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pharmacological treatment options of Parkinson's disease (PD) have considerably evolved during the last decades. However, therapeutic regimes are complicated due to individual differences in disease progression as well as the occurrence of complex nonmotor impairments such as mood and anxiety disorders. Antidepressants in particular are commonly prescribed for the treatment of depressive symptoms and anxiety in PD. Case Presentation. In this case report, we describe a case of a 62-year-old female patient with PD and history of depressive symptoms for which she had been treated with moclobemide concurrent with anti-Parkinson medications pramipexole, rasagiline, and L-DOPA+benserazide retard. An increase in the dosage of moclobemide 12 months prior to admission progressively led to serotonergic overstimulation and psychovegetative exacerbations mimicking the clinical picture of an anxiety spectrum disorder. After moclobemide and rasagiline were discontinued based on the hypothesis of serotonergic overstimulation, the patient's psychovegetative symptoms subsided. Conclusions The specific pharmacological regime in this case probably caused drug-drug interactions resulting in a plethora of psychovegetative symptoms. Likely due to the delayed onset of adverse effects, physicians had difficulties in determining the pharmacologically induced serotonin toxicity. This case report emphasizes the complexity of pharmacological treatments and the importance of drug-drug interaction awareness in the treatment of PD patients with complicating nonmotor dysfunctions such as depression.
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Muddapu VR, Chakravarthy VS. Influence of energy deficiency on the subcellular processes of Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta cell for understanding Parkinsonian neurodegeneration. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1754. [PMID: 33462293 PMCID: PMC7814067 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prominent neurodegenerative disease around the world. Although it is known that PD is caused by the loss of dopaminergic cells in substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), the decisive cause of this inexorable cell loss is not clearly elucidated. We hypothesize that "Energy deficiency at a sub-cellular/cellular/systems level can be a common underlying cause for SNc cell loss in PD." Here, we propose a comprehensive computational model of SNc cell, which helps us to understand the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration at the subcellular level in PD. The aim of the study is to see how deficits in the supply of energy substrates (glucose and oxygen) lead to a deficit in adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The study also aims to show that deficits in ATP are the common factor underlying the molecular-level pathological changes, including alpha-synuclein aggregation, reactive oxygen species formation, calcium elevation, and dopamine dysfunction. The model suggests that hypoglycemia plays a more crucial role in leading to ATP deficits than hypoxia. We believe that the proposed model provides an integrated modeling framework to understand the neurodegenerative processes underlying PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vignayanandam Ravindernath Muddapu
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy
- grid.417969.40000 0001 2315 1926Computational Neuroscience Lab, Department of Biotechnology, Bhupat and Jyoti Mehta School of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Sardar Patel Road, Chennai, 600036 Tamil Nadu India
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Yang J, Yun Y, Miao Y, Sun J, Wang X. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 3-arylbenzofuranone derivatives as potential anti-Alzheimer's disease agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:805-814. [PMID: 32183602 PMCID: PMC7155212 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1740694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-target drugs can better address the cascade of events involved in oxidative stress and the reduction in cholinergic transmission that occur in Alzheimer’s disease than cholinesterase inhibitors alone. We synthesised a series of 3-arylbenzofuranone derivatives and evaluated their antioxidant activity, cholinesterase inhibitory activity, and monoamine oxidase inhibitory activity. 3-Arylbenzofuranone compounds exhibit good antioxidant activity as well as selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The IC50 value of anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibition of Compound 20 (0.089 ± 0.01 μM) is similar to the positive drug donepezil (0.059 ± 0.003 μM). According to the experimental results, Compounds 7, 13 show a certain effect in the in vitro evaluation performed and have the potential as drug candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yinling Yun
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Yuhang Miao
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, University of Jinan-Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Sun
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojing Wang
- Institute of Materia Medica, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Biotech-Drugs Ministry of Health, Shandong, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory for Rare and Uncommon Diseases of Shandong Province, Shandong, Jinan, China
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Stocchi F, Vacca L, Grassini P, Tomino C, Caminiti G, Casali M, D'Antoni V, Volterrani M, Torti M. Overnight switch from rasagiline to safinamide in Parkinson's disease patients with motor fluctuations: a tolerability and safety study. Eur J Neurol 2020; 28:349-354. [PMID: 32961619 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE When switching between monoamine oxidase type B (MAO-B) inhibitors, a 15-day suspension period is a precautionary measure to avoid a serotonin syndrome and hypertensive crisis. However, this indication results in a major inconvenience for parkinsonian patients because of the worsening of their clinical condition. In routine clinical practice, neurologists often perform a substitution of these two drugs without solution of continuity (i.e. overnight), to avoid worsening of fluctuations and prolonged OFF periods. Therefore, a safety open label study was performed to investigate the possible risks of switching overnight from rasagiline to safinamide. METHODS The study population included 20 advanced patients with Parkinson's disease on stable treatment with rasagiline and levodopa (alone or in combination with other anti-parkinsonian medication). The possible occurrence of serotonin syndrome and hypertension was monitored through a strict clinical observation and a 24-h Holter recording (ABPM) performed twice, whilst subjects were on rasagiline and immediately after switching to safinamide. RESULTS No cases of serotonin syndrome or hypertensive crisis occurred during the study. Changes that were not significant occurred in the primary end-point: 24-h mean blood pressure (BP) had a mild +4.4% increase in the ABPM2 versus ABPM1 (P = 0.17), 24-h systolic and diastolic BP values were slightly higher at ABPM2 compared to ABPM1 (respectively +3.3%, P = 0.13; and 5.4%, P = 0.08) and 24-h systolic BP variability was unchanged between the two ABPM evaluations (from 8.6 ± 2.9 to 8.9 ± 1.8; P = 0.27). CONCLUSION The results of the present study confirm that the overnight switch from rasagiline to safinamide is safe and well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Stocchi
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy.,San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - L Vacca
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - P Grassini
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - C Tomino
- San Raffaele University, Rome, Italy
| | - G Caminiti
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - M Casali
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - V D'Antoni
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - M Volterrani
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - M Torti
- Department of Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
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40
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Is YS, Aksoydan B, Senturk M, Yurtsever M, Durdagi S. Integrated Binary QSAR-Driven Virtual Screening and In Vitro Studies for Finding Novel hMAO-B-Selective Inhibitors. J Chem Inf Model 2020; 60:4047-4055. [PMID: 32672456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.0c00169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The increased activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) enzymes may lead to serious consequences since they reduce the level of neurotransmitters and are associated with severe neurodegenerative diseases. The inhibition of this enzyme, especially the B isoform, plays a vital role in the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study is aimed to find novel human MAO-B (hMAO-B) selective inhibitors. A total of 256.750 compounds from the Otava small molecules database were virtually screened gradually by employing several screening techniques for this purpose. Initially, a high-throughput virtual screening (HTVS) method was employed, and 10% of the molecules having high docking scores were subjected to binary QSAR models for further screening of their therapeutic activities against PD, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and depression as well as for their toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties. Then, enzyme selectivity of the ligands towards the A and B forms that passed through all the filters were studied using the induced-fit docking method and molecular dynamics simulations. At the end of this exhaustive research, we identified two hit molecules ligand 3 (Otava ID: 7131545) and ligand 4 (Otava ID: 7566820). Based on the in vitro results, these two compounds (ligands 3 and 4) together with ligands 1 and 2 found in our previous study showed activity at the nanomolar (nM) level, and the results indicated that these four ligands inhibit hMAO-B better than the FDA-approved drug selegiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Serhat Is
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34734 Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Chemical Technology, Istanbul Gedik University, 34876 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Busecan Aksoydan
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34734 Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Senturk
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, 04100 Agri, Turkey
| | - Mine Yurtsever
- Department of Chemistry, Istanbul Technical University, 34467 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Durdagi
- Computational Biology and Molecular Simulations Laboratory, Department of Biophysics, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34734 Istanbul, Turkey.,Neuroscience Program, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Bahçeşehir University, 34349 Istanbul, Turkey.,Virtual Drug Screening and Development Laboratory, School of Medicine, Bahcesehir University, 34734 Istanbul, Turkey
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Tao C, Hu SQ, Chen J, Chen YJ, Sun KH, Cui GZ, Ma M, Wu ZZ. Highly efficient synthesis and monoamine oxidase B inhibitory profile of demethyleneberberine, columbamine and palmatine. Neurochem Int 2020; 139:104807. [PMID: 32711021 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of berberine alkaloids is thought to begin with the demethylation of berberine followed by methylation reactions to generate other type berberine alkaloids. This seemingly expeditious way to access berberine alkaloids has been stagnated for over half a century due to certain vexing synthetic problems, such as low isolated yield, complex operations and toxic reagents. We further investigated this bioinspired semi-synthesis strategy and significantly improved the synthetic efficacy, by providing a practical synthetic process for demethyleneberberine (DMB), columbamine and palmatine. Furthermore, we found that DMB (IC50, 9.06 μM) inhibited the activity of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), an enzyme that deaminates dopamine and is particularly involved in the pathology of Parkinson's disease. Besides, columbamine was able to decrease MAO-B activity by approximately 40%. These findings provide perquisites for further in vivo investigation to confirm the therapeutic potentiality of berberine alkaloids, DMB in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tao
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sheng-Quan Hu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuan-Ji Chen
- Dongguan Institute of Jinan University, Dongguan, China
| | - Ke-Huan Sun
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo-Zhen Cui
- Department of Bioengineering, Zunyi Medical University Zhuhai Campus, Zhuhai, China
| | - Min Ma
- Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zheng-Zhi Wu
- Shenzhen Institute of Geriatrics, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China; The Eighth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
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Nemat SJ, Jędrzejewska H, Prescimone A, Szumna A, Tiefenbacher K. Catechol[4]arene: The Missing Chiral Member of the Calix[4]arene Family. Org Lett 2020; 22:5506-5510. [PMID: 32627560 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A missing, inherently chiral member of the calix[4]arene family denoted "catechol[4]arene" was synthesized. Its properties were studied and compared to the ones of its close relatives resorcin[4]arene and pyrogallol[4]arene. This novel supramolecular host exhibits binding capabilities that are superior to its sister molecules in polar media. The enantiomerically pure forms of the macrocycle display modest recognition of chiral ammonium salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suren J Nemat
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanna Jędrzejewska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Alessandro Prescimone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Agnieszka Szumna
- Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konrad Tiefenbacher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Mattenstrasse 24a, 4058 Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Mattenstrasse 24, 4058 Basel, Switzerland
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Maes T, Mascaró C, Rotllant D, Lufino MMP, Estiarte A, Guibourt N, Cavalcanti F, Griñan-Ferré C, Pallàs M, Nadal R, Armario A, Ferrer I, Ortega A, Valls N, Fyfe M, Martinell M, Castro Palomino JC, Buesa Arjol C. Modulation of KDM1A with vafidemstat rescues memory deficit and behavioral alterations. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233468. [PMID: 32469975 PMCID: PMC7259601 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription disequilibria are characteristic of many neurodegenerative diseases. The activity-evoked transcription of immediate early genes (IEGs), important for neuronal plasticity, memory and behavior, is altered in CNS diseases and governed by epigenetic modulation. KDM1A, a histone 3 lysine 4 demethylase that forms part of transcription regulation complexes, has been implicated in the control of IEG transcription. Here we report the development of vafidemstat (ORY-2001), a brain penetrant inhibitor of KDM1A and MAOB. ORY-2001 efficiently inhibits brain KDM1A at doses suitable for long term treatment, and corrects memory deficit as assessed in the novel object recognition testing in the Senescence Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) model for accelerated aging and Alzheimer's disease. Comparison with a selective KDM1A or MAOB inhibitor reveals that KDM1A inhibition is key for efficacy. ORY-2001 further corrects behavior alterations including aggression and social interaction deficits in SAMP8 mice and social avoidance in the rat rearing isolation model. ORY-2001 increases the responsiveness of IEGs, induces genes required for cognitive function and reduces a neuroinflammatory signature in SAMP8 mice. Multiple genes modulated by ORY-2001 are differentially expressed in Late Onset Alzheimer's Disease. Most strikingly, the amplifier of inflammation S100A9 is highly expressed in LOAD and in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, and down-regulated by ORY-2001. ORY-2001 is currently in multiple Phase IIa studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Maes
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christian Griñan-Ferré
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Nadal
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Antonio Armario
- Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- Institut de Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patologica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Valls
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Matthew Fyfe
- Oryzon Genomics, S.A., Cornellà de Llobregat, Spain
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Cummings JL, Tong G, Ballard C. Treatment Combinations for Alzheimer's Disease: Current and Future Pharmacotherapy Options. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:779-794. [PMID: 30689575 PMCID: PMC6398562 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 292] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Although Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the world’s leading cause of dementia and the population of patients with AD continues to grow, no new therapies have been approved in more than a decade. Many clinical trials of single-agent therapies have failed to affect disease progression or symptoms compared with placebo. The complex pathophysiology of AD may necessitate combination treatments rather than monotherapy. The goal of this narrative literature review is to describe types of combination therapy, review the current clinical evidence for combination therapy regimens (both symptomatic and disease-modifying) in the treatment of AD, describe innovative clinical trial study designs that may be effective in testing combination therapy, and discuss the regulatory and drug development landscape for combination therapy. Successful combination therapies in other complex disorders, such as human immunodeficiency virus, may provide useful examples of a potential path forward for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Clive Ballard
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, UK
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Nagai M, Hattori N. [Pharmacological properties and clinical efficacy of rasagiline mesylate (Azilect ®)]. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi 2020; 155:187-194. [PMID: 32378642 DOI: 10.1254/fpj.19146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that manifests as motor deficits, tremors, rigidity, and postural instability. The most prominent pathological feature of this disease is reduced striatal dopamine concentration due to the loss of nigrodopaminergic neurons. Symptomatic dopamine replacement therapy is the standard management approach for Parkinson's disease. Treatment with monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors also improves Parkinson's disease symptoms by inhibiting the striatal dopamine metabolism and increasing the intracerebral dopamine concentration. Rasagiline is a potent and specific MAO-B inhibitor and is currently approved as an antiparkinsonian drug in more than 50 countries, including the United States and European countries. Clinical trials conducted in Japan to evaluate the efficacy of rasagiline monotherapy in patients with early-stage Parkinson's disease using the Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Part II (patient motor experience of daily living) and Part III (clinician motor examination) have demonstrated the antiparkinsonian action of rasagiline. Furthermore, in patients with advanced Parkinson's disease receiving levodopa, concomitant rasagiline administration reduced the duration of "wearing-off". Based on these favorable results, rasagiline mesilate (Azilect® tablets) was approved for manufacture and sales in Japan in March 2018. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological properties and clinical effects of rasagiline based on the results of domestic trials, with the aim of increasing the understanding of rasagiline use in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Nagai
- Clinical Research Support Center, Ehime University Hospital
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Pisanò CA, Brugnoli A, Novello S, Caccia C, Keywood C, Melloni E, Vailati S, Padoani G, Morari M. Safinamide inhibits in vivo glutamate release in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. Neuropharmacology 2020; 167:108006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2020.108006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Keller S, Polanski WH, Enzensperger C, Reichmann H, Hermann A, Gille G. 9-Methyl-β-carboline inhibits monoamine oxidase activity and stimulates the expression of neurotrophic factors by astrocytes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:999-1012. [PMID: 32285253 PMCID: PMC8592951 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02189-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Carbolines (BC) are pyridoindoles, which can be found in various exogenous and endogenous sources. Recent studies revealed neurostimulative, neuroprotective, neuroregenerative and anti-inflammatory effects of 9-methyl-BC (9-Me-BC). Additionally, 9-me-BC increased neurite outgrowth of dopaminergic neurons independent of dopamine uptake into these neurons. In this study, the role of astrocytes in neurostimulative, neuroregenerative and neuroprotective properties of 9-me-BC was further explored. 9-Me-BC exerted anti-proliferative effects without toxic properties in dopaminergic midbrain and cortical astrocyte cultures. The organic cation transporter (OCT) but not the dopamine transporter seem to mediate at least part the effect of 9-me-BC on astrocytes. Remarkably, 9-me-BC stimulated the gene expression of several important neurotrophic factors for dopaminergic neurons like Artn, Bdnf, Egln1, Tgfb2 and Ncam1. These factors are well known to stimulate neurite outgrowth and to show neuroprotective and neuroregenerative properties to dopaminergic neurons against various toxins. Further, we show that effect of 9-me-BC is mediated through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway. Additionally, 9-me-BC showed inhibitory properties to monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity with an IC50 value of 1 µM for MAO-A and of 15.5 µM for MAO-B. The inhibition of MAO by 9-me-BC might contribute to the observed increased dopamine content and anti-apoptotic properties in cell culture after 9-me-BC treatment in recent studies. Thus, 9-me-BC have a plethora of beneficial effects on dopaminergic neurons warranting its exploration as a new multimodal anti-parkinsonian medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Keller
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Witold Henryk Polanski
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Christoph Enzensperger
- Institute of Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University of Jena, Philosophenweg 14, 07743, Jena, Germany
- SmartDyeLivery GmbH, Botzstraße 5, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Heinz Reichmann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Hermann
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Translational Neurodegeneration Section "Albrecht-Kossel", Department of Neurology and Center for Transdisciplinary Neurosciences Rostock (CTNR), University Medical Center Rostock, University of Rostock, 18147, Rostock, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Rostock/Greifswald, 18147, Rostock, Germany
| | - Gabriele Gille
- Department of Neurology, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstr. 74, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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Yu S, Framme C, Menke MN, Berger LE, Zinkernagel MS, Munk MR, Wolf S, Ebneter A. Neuroprotection with rasagiline in patients with macula-off retinal detachment: A randomized controlled pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4948. [PMID: 32188915 PMCID: PMC7080767 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy of rasagiline in pseudophakic patients who had surgery for macula-off rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). This was a 6-month, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Patients presenting with acute macula-off RRD were recruited and randomized 1:1 to receive rasagiline 1 mg/day or placebo for 7 days. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and optical coherence tomography were acquired 1 day before as well as 2 days, 3 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgery. We screened 26 patients with RRD whereof 23 were eventually included and randomized. The primary outcome was final BCVA. Secondary outcomes included central retinal thickness (CRT) and adverse events (AE). We evaluated photoreceptor cells (prc) recovery through morphological measurements. The baseline characteristics were comparable between groups. BCVA significantly improved in both groups (letters gained: rasagiline 61.5 ± 18.1 vs placebo 55.3 ± 29.2, p = 0.56), but no significant inter-group difference was found at any visit. CRT was stable 3 weeks after surgery onwards, with no inter-group difference. No treatment-emergent AE occurred. Significant prc restoration was observed from 3 weeks to 6 months after surgery, without inter-group difference at either visit. Ellipsoid zone integrity (β = 0.517, p = 0.008) and foveal bulge (β = 0.387, p = 0.038) were significant predictors of good final BCVA. In conclusion, perioperative oral treatment with rasagiline 1 mg/day for 7 days did not show significant benefits on visual or anatomical outcomes in macula-off RRD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqing Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Framme
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, D-30625, Germany
| | - Marcel Nico Menke
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Ophthalmology, Kantonsspital Aarau, Herzogstrasse 15, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - Lieselotte Erika Berger
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Sebastian Zinkernagel
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marion Rohit Munk
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ebneter
- Department of Ophthalmology and Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Abstract
While the initial causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) are not clearly defined, iron deposition has long been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. The substantia nigra of PD patients, where the selective loss of dopaminergic neurons occurs, show a fairly selective and significant elevation in iron contents. However, the question remains whether iron deposition represents the initiation cause or merely the consequence of nigral degeneration. Here, we describe existing findings regarding the interaction of iron with neuromelanin and alpha synuclein, the iron deposition in experimental animal model of PD and sporadic and familial PD patients, and the treatment option involving the use of iron chelators for targeting the aberration of iron level in brain. This review may provide us a better understanding of the role of iron in PD to address the question of cause or consequence.
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50
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Finberg JPM. The discovery and development of rasagiline as a new anti-Parkinson medication. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2020; 127:125-130. [PMID: 31974721 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-020-02142-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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