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CD28neg. T lymphocytes of a melanoma patient harbor tumor immunity and a high frequency of germline-encoded and public TCRs. Immunol Res 2017; 66:79-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s12026-017-8976-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Abraham S, Guo H, Choi JG, Ye C, Thomas MB, Ortega N, Dwivedi A, Manjunath N, Yi G, Shankar P. Combination of IL-10 and IL-2 induces oligoclonal human CD4 T cell expansion during xenogeneic and allogeneic GVHD in humanized mice. Heliyon 2017; 3:e00276. [PMID: 28409183 PMCID: PMC5382148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2017.e00276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-10 is a crucial anti-inflammatory cytokine which can also exert a seemingly divergent immunostimulatory effects under certain conditions. We found high levels of the cytokine in a xenogeneic GVHD model where NOD-scid IL2rγcnull (NSG) mice were transplanted with human PBMCs in presence of IL-2. Presence of exogenous IL-10 altered the kinetics of IL-2 induced human T cell reconstitution in vivo, showing an initial delay, followed by rapid expansion. Further, compared to IL-2 alone, treatment with IL-2 in combination with IL-10 increased survival in most animals and completely protected ∼20% of mice from GVHD. Additionally, IL-2 induced expansion of both CD4+ and CD8+ xenoreactive T cells whereas a combination of IL-2 and IL-10 resulted in selective expansion of CD4+ T cells only. TCR Vβ repertoire analysis of CD4+ T cells showed that in contrast to IL-2 alone, simultaneous presence of both cytokines drastically reduced the Vβ repertoire of the expanded CD4+ T cells. Highly restricted Vβ usage was also observed when the cytokine combination was tested in an allogeneic GVHD model where NOD-scid IL2rγcnull mice expressing HLA-DR4 (NSG-DR4) were transplanted with purified CD4+ T cells from HLA-DR4 negative donors. Taken together, our results demonstrate that IL-10 can profoundly modulate the subset composition and repertoire of responding T cells during GVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojan Abraham
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.,Department of Infectious Disease Research, Drug Development, Southern Research Institute, Frederick MD, USA
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Jang-Gi Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.,KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, 70 Chemdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 701-300, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunting Ye
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA.,The Jackson Laboratory-west, 1650 Santa Ana Avenue, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Midhun Ben Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Nora Ortega
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Alok Dwivedi
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - N Manjunath
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Guohua Yi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Premlata Shankar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Center of Emphasis in Infectious Disease, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
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Pierer M, Rothe K, Quandt D, Schulz A, Rossol M, Scholz R, Baerwald C, Wagner U. Association of anticytomegalovirus seropositivity with more severe joint destruction and more frequent joint surgery in rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:1740-9. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Kurane I, Matsutani T, Suzuki R, Takasaki T, Kalayanarooj S, Green S, Rothman AL, Ennis FA. T-cell responses to dengue virus in humans. Trop Med Health 2011; 39:45-51. [PMID: 22500136 PMCID: PMC3317604 DOI: 10.2149/tmh.2011-s09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in most tropical and subtropical areas of the world. Dengue virus infection induces specific CD4+CD8– and CD8+CD4– T cells in humans. In primary infection, T-cell responses to DENV are serotype cross-reactive, but the highest response is to the serotype that caused the infection. The epitopes recognized by DENV-specific T cells are located in most of the structural and non-structural proteins, but NS3 is the protein that is most dominantly recognized. In patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) caused by secondary DENV infection, T cells are highly activated in vivo. These highly activated T cells are DENV-specific and oligoclonal. Multiple kinds of lymphokines are produced by the activated T cells, and it has been hypothesized that these lymphokines are responsible for induction of plasma leakage, one of the most characteristic features of DHF. Thus, T-cells play important roles in the pathogenesis of DHF and in the recovery from DENV infection.
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Gilani SR, Vuga LJ, Lindell KO, Gibson KF, Xue J, Kaminski N, Valentine VG, Lindsay EK, George MP, Steele C, Duncan SR. CD28 down-regulation on circulating CD4 T-cells is associated with poor prognoses of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8959. [PMID: 20126467 PMCID: PMC2813297 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2009] [Accepted: 01/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the etiology of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) remains perplexing, adaptive immune activation is evident among many afflicted patients. Repeated cycles of antigen-induced proliferation cause T-cells to lose surface expression of CD28, and we hypothesized this process might also occur in IPF. Methodology/Principal Findings Peripheral blood CD4 T-cells from 89 IPF patients were analyzed by flow cytometry and cytokine multiplex assays, and correlated with clinical events. In comparison to autologous CD4+CD28+cells, the unusual CD4+CD28null lymphocytes seen in many IPF patients had discordant expressions of activation markers, more frequently produced cytotoxic mediators perforin (2.4±0.8% vs. 60.0±7.4%, p<0.0001) and granzyme B (4.5±2.8% vs.74.9±6.5%, p<0.0001), produced greater amounts of many pro-inflammatory cytokines, and less frequently expressed the regulatory T-cell marker FoxP3 (12.9±1.1% vs. 3.3±0.6% p<0.0001). Infiltration of CD4+CD28null T-cells in IPF lungs was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Interval changes of CD28 expression among subjects who had replicate studies were correlated with conterminous changes of their forced vital capacities (rs = 0.49, p = 0.012). Most importantly, one-year freedom from major adverse clinical events (either death or lung transplantation) was 56±6% among 78 IPF patients with CD4+CD28+/CD4total≥82%, compared to 9±9% among those with more extensive CD28 down-regulation (CD4+CD28+/CD4total<82%) (p = 0.0004). The odds ratio for major adverse events among those with the most extensive CD28 down-regulation was 13.0, with 95% confidence intervals 1.6-111.1. Conclusions/Significance Marked down-regulation of CD28 on circulating CD4 T-cells, a result of repeated antigen-driven proliferations, is associated with poor outcomes in IPF patients. The CD4+CD28null cells of these patients have potentially enhanced pathogenic characteristics, including increased productions of cytotoxic mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These findings show proliferative T-cell responses to antigen(s) resulting in CD28 down-regulation are associated with progression and manifestations of IPF, and suggest assays of circulating CD4 T-cells may identify patients at greatest risk for clinical deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed R. Gilani
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Louis J. Vuga
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kathleen O. Lindell
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kevin F. Gibson
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jianmin Xue
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Vincent G. Valentine
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Emily K. Lindsay
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - M. Patricia George
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chad Steele
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Steven R. Duncan
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Studer SM, George MP, Zhu X, Song Y, Valentine VG, Stoner MW, Sethi J, Steele C, Duncan SR. CD28 down-regulation on CD4 T cells is a marker for graft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 178:765-73. [PMID: 18617642 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.200701-013oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Repeated antigen-driven proliferations cause CD28 on T cells to down-regulate. We hypothesized that alloantigen-induced proliferations could cause CD28 down-regulation in lung transplant recipients. OBJECTIVES To ascertain if CD28 down-regulation on CD4 T cells associated with manifestations of allograft dysfunction in lung transplant recipients. METHODS Peripheral blood CD4 T cells from 65 recipients were analyzed by flow cytometry, cytokine multiplex and proliferative assays, and correlated with clinical events. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Findings that CD28 was present on less than 90% of total CD4 T cells were predominantly seen among the recipients with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (specificity = 88%). Perforin and granzyme B were produced by >50% of the CD4(+)CD28(null) cells, but less than 6% of autologous CD4(+)CD28(+) cells (P < 0.006). CD4(+)CD28(null) cells also had increased productions of proinflammatory cytokines, but less frequently expressed regulatory T-cell marker FoxP3 (2.1 +/- 1.3%), compared with autologous CD4(+)CD28(+) (9.5 +/- 1.4; P = 0.01). Cyclosporine A (100 ng/ml) inhibited proliferation of CD4(+)CD28(null) cells by 33 +/- 11% versus 68 +/- 12% inhibition of CD4(+)CD28(+) (P = 0.025). FEV(1) fell 6 months later (0.35 +/- 0.04 L) in recipients with CD4(+)CD28(+)/CD4(total) less than 90% (CD28% Low) compared with 0.08 +/- 0.08 L among CD4(+)CD28(+)/CD4(total) (CD28% High) greater than 90% (CD28% High) recipients (P = 0.013). Two-year freedom from death or retransplantation in CD28% Low recipients was 32 +/- 10% versus 78 +/- 6% among the CD28% High subjects (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS CD28 down-regulation on CD4 cells is associated with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and poor outcomes in lung transplantation recipients. CD4(+)CD28(null) cells have unusual, potentially pathogenic characteristics, and could be important in the progression of allograft dysfunction. These findings may illuminate a novel paradigm of transplantation immunopathogenesis, and suggest that CD28 measurements could identify recipients at risk for clinical deteriorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Studer
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Long SA, Khalili J, Ashe J, Berenson R, Ferrand C, Bonyhadi M. Standardized analysis for the quantification of Vbeta CDR3 T-cell receptor diversity. J Immunol Methods 2006; 317:100-13. [PMID: 17081557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2006.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Assessment of the diversity of the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is often determined by measuring the frequency and distribution of individually rearranged TCRs in a population of T cells. Spectratyping is a common method used to measure TCR repertoire diversity, which examines genetic variation in the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) region of the TCR Vbeta chain using RT-PCR length-distribution analysis. A variety of methods are currently used to analyze spectratype data including subjective visual measures, qualitative counting measures, and semi-quantitative measures that compare the original data to a standard, control data set. Two major limitations exist for most of these approaches: data files become very wieldy and difficult to manage, and current analytic methods generate data which are difficult to compare between laboratories and across different platforms. Here, we introduce a highly efficient method of analysis that is based upon a normal theoretical Gaussian distribution observed in cord blood and recent thymic emigrants. Using this analysis method, we demonstrate that PBMC obtained from patients with various diseases have skewed TCR repertoire profiles. Upon in vitro activation with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 coated beads (Xcyte Dynabeads) TCR diversity was restored. Moreover, changes in the TCR repertoire were dynamic in vivo. We demonstrate that use of this streamlined method of analysis in concert with a flexible software package makes quantitative assessment of TCR repertoire diversity straightforward and reproducible, enabling reliable comparisons of diversity values between laboratories and over-time to further collaborative efforts. Analysis of TCR repertoire by such an approach may be valuable in the clinical setting, both for prognostic potential and measuring clinical responses to therapy.
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Vallejo AN. CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence. Immunol Rev 2005; 205:158-69. [PMID: 15882352 DOI: 10.1111/j.0105-2896.2005.00256.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The loss of CD28 expression on T cells is the most consistent biological indicator of aging in the human immune system, and the frequency of CD28(null) T cells is a key predictor of immune incompetence in the elderly. There is also mounting evidence for the high frequency of these unusual T cells among patients with inflammatory syndromes or with chronic infections disproportionate with their age. In these pathological states, CD28(null) T cells likely represent prematurely senescent lymphocytes due to persistent immune activation. Unlike the situation in CD28 gene knockout mice that have anergic CD28(0/0) T cells, human CD28(null) T cells are functionally active, long-lived, oligoclonal lymphocytes that lack or have limited proliferative capacity. Results of replicative senescence studies show that CD28(null) T cells are derived from CD28(+) precursors that have undergone repeated stimulation, indicating that CD28 silencing underlies the program of T-cell aging. Dissection of the machinery regulating CD28 expression is paving the way in elucidating the molecular events leading to immune senescence as well as providing clues into the functional rejuvenation of senescent T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe N Vallejo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Pawlik A, Florczak M, Masiuk M, Dutkiewicz G, Machalinski B, Rozanski J, Domanski L, Gawrońska-Szklarz B. The expansion of CD4+CD28- T cells in patients with chronic kidney graft rejection. Transplant Proc 2004; 35:2902-4. [PMID: 14697933 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2003.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
CD4+CD28- T cells are oligoclonal lymphocytes rarely found in healthy subjects, but are present in high frequencies in patients with inflammatory diseases. Contrary to paradigm, they are functionally active and produce interferon gamma and cytolytic proteins, are cytotoxic in vessels and may contribute to tissue damage. The size of the peripheral blood CD4+CD28- T cell compartments was determined in 20 healthy individuals, 20 patients after renal transplantation with stable graft function, and 20 with chronic graft rejection by two-color FACS analysis. In patients with stable graft function, the median frequency of CD4+CD28- T cells was 3.1% and was significantly higher in comparison to the control group (1.4%) (P <.01). The highest subset CD4+CD28- cells was detected in patients with chronic graft rejection (10.65%). The amount of CD4+CD28- cells was significantly higher in this group in comparison to patients with stable graft function (P <.01). The evaluated number of CD4+CD28- cells in patients after renal transplantation, especially in graft recipients with chronic graft rejection, suggests a role of these cells in chronic graft destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pawlik
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, Pomeranian University of Medicine, Al Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
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van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, Vossen MTM, Rowshani AT, Wertheim-van Dillen PME, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Emergence of a CD4+CD28−Granzyme B+, Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cell Subset after Recovery of Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2004; 173:1834-41. [PMID: 15265915 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 280] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells form a rare subset in human peripheral blood. The presence of CD4(+)CD28(-) cells has been associated with chronic viral infections, but how these particular cells are generated is unknown. In this study, we show that in primary CMV infections, CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells emerge just after cessation of the viral load, indicating that infection with CMV triggers the formation of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells. In line with this, we found these cells only in CMV-infected persons. CD4(+)CD28(-) cells had an Ag-primed phenotype and expressed the cytolytic molecules granzyme B and perforin. Importantly, CD4(+)CD28(-) cells were to a large extent CMV-specific because proliferation was only induced by CMV-Ag, but not by recall Ags such as purified protein derivative or tetanus toxoid. CD4(+)CD28(-) cells only produced IFN-gamma after stimulation with CMV-Ag, whereas CD4(+)CD28(+) cells also produced IFN-gamma in response to varicella-zoster virus and purified protein derivative. Thus, CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells emerge as a consequence of CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Laboratory of for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Hirokawa M, Matsutani T, Saitoh H, Ichikawa Y, Kawabata Y, Horiuchi T, Kitabayashi A, Yoshioka T, Tsuruta Y, Suzuki R, Miura AB, Sawada K. Distinct TCRAV and TCRBV repertoire and CDR3 sequence of T lymphocytes clonally expanded in blood and GVHD lesions after human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2002; 30:915-23. [PMID: 12476285 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1703730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2002] [Accepted: 07/28/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a disorder involving the skin, gut and liver that is caused by mismatches of major and/or minor histocompatibility antigens between the HLA-identical donor and recipient. If T lymphocytes infiltrating GVHD lesions recognize antigens expressed in these organs, T cell clones should expand in inflammatory tissues. We previously reported that recipients of allogeneic bone marrow grafts have clonally expanded TCRalphabeta(+) T lymphocytes soon after transplantation, which leads to a skew of TCR repertoires. To establish whether or not the same antigens cause clonal expansion of T lymphocytes in both blood and GVHD tissues, we examined the usage of TCR alpha and beta chain variable regions (TCRAV and TCRBV) and determined the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) of T lymphocytes clonally expanded in circulating blood and GVHD lesions. We found that the repertoires and CDR3 diversity of TCRAV and TCRBV differed between the GVHD lesions and circulating blood, suggesting the selective recruitment of antigen-specific T cells into GVHD tissues. We also found that the usage of TCRAV and TCRBV by the clonally expanded T lymphocytes and their CDR3 sequences differed between the GVHD tissues and blood. These results suggest that the antigen specificity of TCRalphabeta(+) T lymphocytes clonally expanded in blood and GVHD lesions is different.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hirokawa
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Akita University School of Medicine, Akita, Japan
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