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de Groot PF, Kwakernaak AJ, van Leeuwen EMM, van Spaendonk RML, Kooi EJ, de Jong D, Kuijpers TW, Zijlstra JM, de Bree GJ. Case report: XMEN disease: a patient with recurrent Hodgkin lymphoma and immune thrombocytopenia. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1264329. [PMID: 38143450 PMCID: PMC10740371 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1264329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we present the case of a 28-year-old man with X-linked immunodeficiency with magnesium defect, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection and neoplasia (XMEN) disease. He presented with immune thrombocytopenia within 1 year after successful autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for recurrent EBV-associated classical Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL). The combination of EBV- associated malignancy, autoimmunity, recurrent airway infections at young age and bronchiectasis, prompted immunological investigation for an inborn error of immunity (IEI). Genetic testing revealed XMEN disease. XMEN disease is characterized by a glycosylation defect due to mutations in the MAGT1 gene. Germline mutations in the MAGT1 gene disrupt glycosylation of the NKG2D receptor in immune cells, including natural killer and CD8-positive T cells, vital for immune surveillance, especially against EBV. Consequently, individuals with XMEN disease, are prone to EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disorders in addition to auto-immunity. Early recognition of adult onset IEI-related B-lymphoproliferative disorders, including CHL is of vital importance for treatment decisions, including (allogeneic) haematopoietic stem cell transplantation and family screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter F. de Groot
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Arjan J. Kwakernaak
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester M. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Evert-Jan Kooi
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daphne de Jong
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Josée M. Zijlstra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J. de Bree
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Hofsink Q, Haggenburg S, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Broers AEC, van Doesum JA, van Binnendijk RS, den Hartog G, Bhoekhan MS, Haverkate NJE, van Meerloo J, Burger JA, Bouhuijs JH, Smits GP, Wouters D, van Leeuwen EMM, Bontkes HJ, Kootstra NA, Vogels-Nooijen S, Rots N, van Beek J, Heemskerk MHM, Groen K, van Meerten T, Mutsaers PGNJ, van Gils MJ, Goorhuis A, Rutten CE, Hazenberg MD, Nijhof IS. Fourth mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies (COBRA KAI): a cohort study. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 61:102040. [PMID: 37337616 PMCID: PMC10270678 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with haematological malignancies have impaired antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. We aimed to investigate whether a fourth mRNA COVID-19 vaccination improved antibody quantity and quality. Methods In this cohort study, conducted at 5 sites in the Netherlands, we compared antibody concentrations 28 days after 4 mRNA vaccinations (3-dose primary series plus 1 booster vaccination) in SARS-CoV-2 naive, immunocompromised patients with haematological malignancies to those obtained by age-matched, healthy individuals who had received the standard primary 2-dose mRNA vaccination schedule followed by a first booster mRNA vaccination. Prior to and 4 weeks after each vaccination, peripheral blood samples and data on demographic parameters and medical history were collected. Concentrations of antibodies that bind spike 1 (S1) and nucleocapsid (N) protein of SARS-CoV-2 were quantified in binding antibody units (BAU) per mL according to the WHO International Standard for COVID-19 serological tests. Seroconversion was defined as an S1 IgG concentration >10 BAU/mL and a previous SARS-CoV-2 infection as N IgG >14.3 BAU/mL. Antibody neutralising activity was tested using lentiviral-based pseudoviruses expressing spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 wild-type (D614G), Omicron BA.1, and Omicron BA.4/5 variants. This study is registered with EudraCT, number 2021-001072-41. Findings Between March 24, 2021 and May 4, 2021, 723 patients with haematological diseases were enrolled, of which 414 fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the current analysis. Although S1 IgG concentrations in patients significantly improved after the fourth dose, they remained significantly lower compared to those obtained by 58 age-matched healthy individuals after their first booster (third) vaccination. The rise in neutralising antibody concentration was most prominent in patients with a recovering B cell compartment, although potent responses were also observed in patients with persistent immunodeficiencies. 19% of patients never seroconverted, despite 4 vaccinations. Patients who received their first 2 vaccinations when they were B cell depleted and the third and fourth vaccination during B cell recovery demonstrated similar antibody induction dynamics as patients with normal B cell numbers during the first 2 vaccinations. However, the neutralising capacity of these antibodies was significantly better than that of patients with normal B cell numbers after two vaccinations. Interpretation A fourth mRNA COVID-19 vaccination improved S1 IgG concentrations in the majority of patients with a haematological malignancy. Vaccination during B cell depletion may pave the way for better quality of antibody responses after B cell reconstitution. Funding The Netherlands Organisation for Health Research and Development and Amsterdam UMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy Hofsink
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sabine Haggenburg
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annoek E C Broers
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jaap A van Doesum
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
- Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Michel S Bhoekhan
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan van Meerloo
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joey H Bouhuijs
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gaby P Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke Rots
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | - Kazimierz Groen
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Haematology, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Pim G N J Mutsaers
- Department of Haematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Rutten
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Haematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inger S Nijhof
- Department of Haematology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine-Haematology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, Netherlands
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3
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Haggenburg S, Hofsink Q, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Broers AEC, van Doesum JA, van Binnendijk RS, den Hartog G, Bhoekhan MS, Haverkate NJE, Burger JA, Bouhuijs JH, Smits GP, Wouters D, van Leeuwen EMM, Bontkes HJ, Kootstra NA, Zweegman S, Kater AP, Heemskerk MHM, Groen K, van Meerten T, Mutsaers PGNJ, Beaumont T, van Gils MJ, Goorhuis A, Rutten CE, Hazenberg MD, Nijhof IS. Antibody Response in Immunocompromised Patients With Hematologic Cancers Who Received a 3-Dose mRNA-1273 Vaccination Schedule for COVID-19. JAMA Oncol 2022; 8:1477-1483. [PMID: 35951338 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2022.3227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Importance It has become common practice to offer immunocompromised patients with hematologic cancers a third COVID-19 vaccination dose, but data substantiating this are scarce. Objective To assess whether a third mRNA-1273 vaccination is associated with increased neutralizing antibody concentrations in immunocompromised patients with hematologic cancers comparable to levels obtained in healthy individuals after the standard 2-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination schedule. Design, Setting, and Participants This prospective observational cohort study was conducted at 4 university hospitals in the Netherlands and included 584 evaluable patients spanning the spectrum of hematologic cancers and 44 randomly selected age-matched adults without malignant or immunodeficient comorbidities. Exposures One additional mRNA-1273 vaccination 5 months after completion of the standard 2-dose mRNA-1273 vaccination schedule. Main Outcomes and Measures Serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies to spike subunit 1 (S1) antigens prior to and 4 weeks after a third mRNA-1273 vaccination, and antibody neutralization capacity of wild-type, Delta, and Omicron variants in a subgroup of patients. Results In this cohort of 584 immunocompromised patients with hematologic cancers (mean [SD] age, 60 [11.2] years; 216 [37.0%] women), a third mRNA-1273 vaccination was associated with median S1-IgG concentrations comparable to concentrations obtained by healthy individuals after the 2-dose mRNA-1273 schedule. The rise in S1-IgG concentration after the third vaccination was most pronounced in patients with a recovering immune system, but potent responses were also observed in patients with persistent immunodeficiencies. Specifically, patients with myeloid cancers or multiple myeloma and recipients of autologous or allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) reached median S1-IgG concentrations similar to those obtained by healthy individuals after a 2-dose schedule. Patients receiving or shortly after completing anti-CD20 therapy, CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy recipients, and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia receiving ibrutinib were less responsive or unresponsive to the third vaccination. In the 27 patients who received cell therapy between the second and third vaccination, S1 antibodies were preserved, but a third mRNA-1273 vaccination was not associated with significantly enhanced S1-IgG concentrations except for patients with multiple myeloma receiving autologous HCT. A third vaccination was associated with significantly improved neutralization capacity per antibody. Conclusions and Relevance Results of this cohort study support that the primary schedule for immunocompromised patients with hematologic cancers should be supplemented with a delayed third vaccination. Patients with B-cell lymphoma and allogeneic HCT recipients need to be revaccinated after treatment or transplantation. Trial Registration EudraCT Identifier: 2021-001072-41.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Haggenburg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Quincy Hofsink
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annoek E C Broers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A van Doesum
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rob S van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Michel S Bhoekhan
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke J E Haverkate
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith A Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joey H Bouhuijs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gaby P Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Dorine Wouters
- Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Laboratory Medical Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sonja Zweegman
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Arnon P Kater
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Kaz Groen
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim G N J Mutsaers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Beaumont
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caroline E Rutten
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inger S Nijhof
- Department of Hematology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine-Hematology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
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4
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Kuijpers TW, Tromp SAM, van Leeuwen EMM, de Bree GJ. Case Report: A Highly Variable Clinical and Immunological Presentation of IKAROS Deficiency in a Single Family. Front Immunol 2022; 13:865838. [PMID: 35479066 PMCID: PMC9036438 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.865838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we describe a novel mutation in the IKZF gene encoding IKAROS, as the cause of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). The identification of the same defect in the IKZF gene with manifestations of asymptomatic selective IgA deficiency and chronic ITP in the father and her younger brother, respectively, demonstrates the large variability of this genetic defect in one single family, while living in the same environment with a relatively similar genetic background. As discussed, clinical penetrance of the molecular defects identified by mutations in IKZF and other common gene defects in CVID in familial immune-related abnormalities makes genetic testing a necessary step for diagnosis, management, and counseling, as part of the routine immunological workup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taco W. Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory of Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Samantha A. M. Tromp
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Samantha A. M. Tromp,
| | - Ester M. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J. de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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5
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Walter HAW, Kamperman RG, Raaphorst J, Verhamme C, Koelman JHTM, Potters WV, Hemke R, Smithuis FF, Aronica E, van Leeuwen EMM, Baars PA, de Visser M, van Schaik IN, Bossuyt PMM, van der Kooi AJ. OptimisAtion of Diagnostic Accuracy in idioPathic inflammaTory myopathies (ADAPT study): a protocol for a prospective diagnostic accuracy study of multimodality testing in patients suspected of a treatable idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e053594. [PMID: 34903547 PMCID: PMC8671992 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) excluding inclusion body myositis (IBM) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune disorders characterised by subacute-onset and progressive proximal muscle weakness, which are frequently part of a multisystem autoimmune disorder. Reaching the diagnosis can be challenging, and no gold standard for the diagnosis of IIM exists. Diagnostic modalities include serum creatine kinase activity, muscle imaging (MRI or ultrasound (US)), electromyography (EMG), myositis autoantibody testing and muscle biopsy. Several diagnostic criteria have been developed for IIMs, varying in reported sensitivity and specificity. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesise that an evidence-based diagnostic strategy, using fewer and preferably the least invasive diagnostic modalities, can achieve the accuracy of a complete panel of diagnostic tests, including MRI, US, EMG, myositis-specific autoantibody testing and muscle biopsy. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The OptimizAtion of Diagnostic Accuracy in idioPathic inflammaTory myopathies study is a prospective diagnostic accuracy study with an over-complete study design. 100 patients suspected of an IIM excluding IBM will be included. A reference diagnosis will be assigned by an expert panel using all clinical information and all results of all ancillary tests available, including 6 months of follow-up. Several predefined diagnostic strategies will be compared against the reference diagnosis to find the optimal diagnostic strategy. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval was obtained from the medical ethics committee of the Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands (2019-814). The results will be distributed through conference presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Netherlands trial register; NL8764.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah A W Walter
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske G Kamperman
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Camiel Verhamme
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H T M Koelman
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wouter V Potters
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Hemke
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Frank F Smithuis
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Eleonora Aronica
- Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Paul A Baars
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivo N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Board, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, The Netherlands
| | - Patrick M M Bossuyt
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Verhoeven D, Schonenberg-Meinema D, Ebstein F, Papendorf JJ, Baars PA, van Leeuwen EMM, Jansen MH, Lankester AC, van der Burg M, Florquin S, Maas SM, van Koningsbruggen S, Krüger E, van den Berg JM, Kuijpers TW. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in a patient with proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome (PRAAS). J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 149:1120-1127.e8. [PMID: 34416217 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2021.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndromes (PRAASs) form a family of recently described rare autosomal recessive disorders of disturbed proteasome assembly and proteolytic activity caused by mutations in genes coding for proteasome subunits. The treatment options for these proteasome disorders consist of lifelong immunosuppressive drugs or Janus kinase inhibitors, which may have partial efficacy and noticeable side effects. Because proteasomes are ubiquitously expressed, it is unknown whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) may be a sufficient treatment option. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to report the case of a young boy with a treatment-resistant cutaneous vasculitis that was initially suspected to be associated with a gene variant in SH2D1A. METHODS Whole-exome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic defect. Molecular and functional analyses were performed to assess the impact of variants on proteasomal function. The immune characterization led to the decision to perform HSCT on our patient and conduct follow-up over the 7-year period after the transplant. Because loss of myeloid chimerism after the first HSCT was associated with relapse of autoinflammation, a second HSCT was performed. RESULTS After the successful second HSCT, the patient developed mild symptoms of lipodystrophy, which raised the suspicion of a PRAAS. Genetic analysis revealed 2 novel heterozygous variants in PSMB4 (encoding proteasomal subunit β7). Retrospective analysis of patient cells stored before the first HSCT and patient cells obtained after the second HSCT demonstrated that HSCT successfully rescued proteasome function, restored protein homeostasis, and resolved the interferon-stimulated gene signature. Furthermore, successful HSCT alleviated the autoinflammatory manifestations in our patient. CONCLUSION Patients with treatment-resistant PRAAS can be cured by HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorit Verhoeven
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dieneke Schonenberg-Meinema
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frédéric Ebstein
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jonas J Papendorf
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Paul A Baars
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel H Jansen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Lankester
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Pediatrics, Laboratory for Pediatric Immunology, Willem-Alexander Children's Hospital, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia M Maas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silvana van Koningsbruggen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Krüger
- Institut für Medizinische Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Merlijn van den Berg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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7
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Kuijpers SC, Klouwens M, de Jong KH, Langeslag JCP, Kuipers S, Reubsaet FAG, van Leeuwen EMM, de Bree GJ, Hovius JW, Grobusch MP. Primary cutaneous melioidosis acquired in Nepal - Case report and literature review. Travel Med Infect Dis 2021; 42:102080. [PMID: 33933687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2021.102080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A 27 years-old Dutch male returning from Nepal presented with a painful abscess on the left forearm without fever or other systemic complications. Signs and symptoms consisted of culture of the abscess material revealed Burkholderia pseudomallei. Laboratory results, chest X-ray and CT scan of the abdomen were without abnormalities. The patient was initially treated with 2 weeks of ceftazidime and continued with a 6-week oral eradication phase with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The patient recovered without complications. Melioidosis is encountered relatively infrequently as an imported condition, mainly from Southeast Asia with focus on Thailand. Melioidosis from Nepal is a rarity and has previously been described in only four cases, with possible acquisition abroad in three of those.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander C Kuijpers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Klouwens
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katja H de Jong
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Saskia Kuipers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Frans A G Reubsaet
- Diagnostic Laboratory for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Center for Infectious Disease Research, Diagnostics and Laboratory Surveillance, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joppe W Hovius
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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8
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van Aalst M, Garcia Garrido HM, van der Leun J, Meek B, van Leeuwen EMM, Löwenberg M, D'Haens GR, Ponsioen CYI, Grobusch MP, Goorhuis A. Immunogenicity of the Currently Recommended Pneumococcal Vaccination Schedule in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:595-604. [PMID: 30899961 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are at increased risk of invasive pneumococcal infections. Therefore, vaccination with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) followed by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) 2 months later is recommended. However, the level of immunogenicity induced by this vaccination schedule in IBD patients with and without immunosuppressive medication remains unclear. METHODS We prospectively assessed the immunogenicity of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 in IBD patients by measuring serotype-specific pneumococcal immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations at baseline and 4-8 weeks postvaccination. Response to vaccination was defined as a postvaccination antibody concentration ≥1.3 μg/mL for 70% of the measured serotypes. We analyzed the immunogenic effect of 4 different medication regimens: (1) conventional immunomodulators (ie, oral prednisolone >10 mg/day, thiopurines, methotrexate); (2) anti-tumor necrosis factor agents; (3) combination therapy; and (4) no treatment with immunosuppressive agents (control group). RESULTS One hundred forty-one IBD patients were included, of whom 37 were controls. Adequate response to vaccination was 59% (61/104) in patients using immunosuppressive agents (groups 1-3) vs 81% (30/37) in controls (odds ratio, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, .13-.82]). A combination of different immunosuppressive drugs most severely impaired the immune response to pneumococcal vaccination (response, 52% [15/29]). CONCLUSIONS Although the sequential vaccination schedule of PCV13 followed by PPSV23 is safe, immunogenic, and thus beneficial in the majority of IBD patients, those receiving immunosuppressive agents, and especially those receiving combination therapy, have an impaired immune response compared to controls. Therefore, preferably, vaccinations should be administered before the initiation of immunosuppressive therapy. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION Dutch trial register #6315.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariëlle van Aalst
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Nieuwegein
| | - Hannah M Garcia Garrido
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Nieuwegein
| | - Josephine van der Leun
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Nieuwegein
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark Löwenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Geert R D'Haens
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cyriel Y I Ponsioen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Nieuwegein.,Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Nieuwegein
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9
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Tuijnenburg P, Aan de Kerk DJ, Jansen MH, Morris B, Lieftink C, Beijersbergen RL, van Leeuwen EMM, Kuijpers TW. High-throughput compound screen reveals mTOR inhibitors as potential therapeutics to reduce (auto)antibody production by human plasma cells. Eur J Immunol 2019; 50:73-85. [PMID: 31621069 PMCID: PMC6972998 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201948241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antibody production by the B cell compartment is a crucial part of the adaptive immune response. Dysregulated antibody production in the form of autoantibodies can cause autoimmune disease. To date, B‐cell depletion with anti‐CD20 antibodies is commonly applied in autoimmunity, but pre‐existing plasma cells are not eliminated in this way. Alternative ways of more selective inhibition of antibody production would add to the treatment of these autoimmune diseases. To explore novel therapeutic targets in signaling pathways essential for plasmablast formation and/or immunoglobulin production, we performed a compound screen of almost 200 protein kinase inhibitors in a robust B‐cell differentiation culture system. This study yielded 35 small cell‐permeable compounds with a reproducible inhibitory effect on B‐cell activation and plasmablast formation, among which was the clinically applied mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor rapamycin. Two additional compounds targeting the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐AKT‐mTOR pathway (BKM120 and WYE‐354) did not affect proliferation and plasmablast formation, but specifically reduced the immunoglobulin production. With this compound screen we successfully applied a method to investigate therapeutic targets for B‐cell differentiation and identified compounds in the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase‐AKT‐mTOR pathway that could specifically inhibit immunoglobulin production only. These drugs may well be explored to be of value in current B‐cell‐depleting treatment regimens in autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tuijnenburg
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daan J Aan de Kerk
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Machiel H Jansen
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ben Morris
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and NKI Robotics and Screening Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), The Netherlands
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and NKI Robotics and Screening Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis and NKI Robotics and Screening Center, Netherlands Cancer Institute (NKI-AvL), The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Platteel ACM, Wevers BA, Lim J, Bakker JA, Bontkes HJ, Curvers J, Damoiseaux J, Heron M, de Kort G, Limper M, van Lochem EG, Mulder AHL, Saris CGJ, van der Valk H, van der Kooi AJ, van Leeuwen EMM, Veltkamp M, Schreurs MWJ, Meek B, Hamann D. Frequencies and clinical associations of myositis-related antibodies in The Netherlands: A one-year survey of all Dutch patients. J Transl Autoimmun 2019; 2:100013. [PMID: 32743501 PMCID: PMC7388388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtauto.2019.100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of connective tissue diseases, collectively known as myositis. Diagnosis of IIM is challenging while timely recognition of an IIM is of utter importance considering treatment options and otherwise irreversible (severe) long-term clinical complications. With the EULAR/ACR classification criteria (2017) considerable advancement has been made in the diagnostic workup of IIM. While these criteria take into account clinical parameters as well as presence of one autoantibody, anti-Jo-1, several autoantibodies are associated with IIM and are currently evaluated to be incorporated into classification criteria. As individual antibodies occur at low frequency, the development of line blots allowing multiplex antibody analysis has improved laboratory diagnostics for IIM. The Euroline myositis line-blot assay (Euroimmun) allows screening and semi-quantitative measurement for 15 autoantibodies, i.e. myositis specific antibodies (MSA) to SRP, EJ, OJ, Mi-2α, Mi-2β, TIF1-γ, MDA5, NXP2, SAE1, PL-12, PL-7, Jo-1 and myositis associated antibodies (MAA) to Ku, PM/Scl-75 and PM/Scl-100. To evaluate the clinical significance of detection and levels of these autoantibodies in the Netherlands, a retrospective analysis of all Dutch requests for extended myositis screening within a 1 year period was performed. A total of 187 IIM patients and 632 non-IIM patients were included. We conclude that frequencies of MSA and MAA observed in IIM patients in a routine diagnostic setting are comparable to cohort-based studies. Weak positive antibody levels show less diagnostic accuracy compared to positive antibody levels, except for anti-NXP2. Known associations between antibodies and skin involvement (anti-MDA5, anti-TIF1-γ), lung involvement (anti-Jo-1), and malignancy (anti-TIF1-γ) were confirmed in our IIM study population. The availability of multiplex antibody analyses will facilitate inclusion of additional autoantibodies in clinical myositis guidelines and help to accelerate diagnosing IMM with rare but specific antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk C M Platteel
- St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Brigitte A Wevers
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Atalmedial, Medical Diagnostic Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johan Lim
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap A Bakker
- Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hetty J Bontkes
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joyce Curvers
- Catharina Hospital Eindhoven, Clinical Laboratory, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Damoiseaux
- Maastricht University Medical Center, Central Diagnostic Laboratory, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Heron
- Elisabeth-TweeSteden Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten Limper
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen G van Lochem
- Rijnstate Hospital, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiaan G J Saris
- Radboud University Medical Center, Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Hester van der Valk
- University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Veltkamp
- St Antonius Hospital, Interstitial Lung Diseases Center of Excellence, Department of Pulmonology, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands.,Division of Heart&Lungs, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- St. Antonius Hospital, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Dörte Hamann
- Sanquin Diagnostic Services, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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11
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Tuijnenburg P, Lango Allen H, de Bree GJ, Savic S, Jansen MH, Stockdale C, Simeoni I, Ten Berge IJM, van Leeuwen EMM, Thaventhiran JE, Kuijpers TW. Pathogenic NFKB2 variant in the ankyrin repeat domain (R635X) causes a variable antibody deficiency. Clin Immunol 2019; 203:23-27. [PMID: 30953794 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2019.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies are identifying an increasing number of monogenic causes of Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID). Pathogenic variants in the C-terminus of NFKB2 have been identified in the subset of CVID patients whose immunodeficiency is associated with ectodermal dysplasia and central adrenal insufficiency. We describe 2 unrelated CVID pedigrees with 4 cases of pathogenic stop gain variants (c.1903C > T) in the ankyrin repeat domain (ARD) of NF-κB2, leading to a premature truncation of the protein at p.Arg635Term (R635X). By immunophenotyping and functional ex vivo B- and T-cell experiments we characterized the variant by reduced class-switched memory B-cell counts and immature plasmablasts, unable to produce IgG and IgA. Features of a poor proliferative T-cell response and reduced expansion of CD4+CXCR5+ T cells was only observed in the two clinically affected index cases without any clear clinical correlate. In conclusion, pathogenic stop variants in the ARD of NFKB2 can cause 'infection-only' CVID with an abnormal B-cell phenotype and a variable clinical penetrance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tuijnenburg
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hana Lango Allen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sinisa Savic
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Machiel H Jansen
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Claire Stockdale
- Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ilenia Simeoni
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ineke J M Ten Berge
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Internal Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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- NIHR BioResource, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - James E Thaventhiran
- MRC Toxicology Unit, School of Biological Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious diseases, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Volpi S, Cicalese MP, Tuijnenburg P, Tool ATJ, Cuadrado E, Abu-Halaweh M, Ahanchian H, Alzyoud R, Akdemir ZC, Barzaghi F, Blank A, Boisson B, Bottino C, Brigida I, Caorsi R, Casanova JL, Chiesa S, Chinn IK, Dückers G, Enders A, Erichsen HC, Forbes LR, Gambin T, Gattorno M, Karimiani EG, Giliani S, Gold MS, Jacobsen EM, Jansen MH, King JR, Laxer RM, Lupski JR, Mace E, Marcenaro S, Maroofian R, Meijer AB, Niehues T, Notarangelo LD, Orange J, Pannicke U, Pearson C, Picco P, Quinn PJ, Schulz A, Seeborg F, Stray-Pedersen A, Tawamie H, van Leeuwen EMM, Aiuti A, Yeung R, Schwarz K, Kuijpers TW. A combined immunodeficiency with severe infections, inflammation, and allergy caused by ARPC1B deficiency. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 143:2296-2299. [PMID: 30771411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Volpi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; DINOGMI, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy.
| | - Maria Pia Cicalese
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Hospital and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Paul Tuijnenburg
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eloy Cuadrado
- Department of Immunopathology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marwan Abu-Halaweh
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetics Engineering in Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hamid Ahanchian
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raed Alzyoud
- Queen Rania Children's Hospital, Immunology, Allergy and Rheumatology Section, Bone Marrow Transplantation for Primary Immunodeficiency Disorders, Amman, Jordan
| | - Zeynep Coban Akdemir
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics of the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Federica Barzaghi
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Hospital and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Alexander Blank
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bertrand Boisson
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Cristina Bottino
- Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genova, Italy; Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Immacolata Brigida
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Hospital and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Roberta Caorsi
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Jean-Laurent Casanova
- St Giles Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Rockefeller Branch, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY; Laboratory of Human Genetics of Infectious Diseases, Necker Branch, Paris, France; Imagine Institute, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Pediatric Hematology-Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, Necker Hospital for Sick Children, APHP, Paris, France; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY
| | - Sabrina Chiesa
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Ivan Kingyue Chinn
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Gregor Dückers
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Helios-Clinic, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Anselm Enders
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research and Centre for Personalised Immunology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hans Christian Erichsen
- Section of Paediatric Medicine and Transplantation, Division of Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa R Forbes
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Tomasz Gambin
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics of the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Institute of Computer Science, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Centro per le malattie Autoinfiammatorie e Immunodeficienze, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, United Kingdom; Innovative Medical Research Center, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Silvia Giliani
- Medical Genetics Unit and "A. Nocivelli" Institute for Molecular Medicine, Spedali Civili Hospital, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Michael S Gold
- Discipline of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Machiel H Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jovanka R King
- Discipline of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ronald M Laxer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James R Lupski
- Baylor-Hopkins Center for Mendelian Genomics of the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas; Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Emily Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Reza Maroofian
- Medical Research, RILD Welcome Wolfson Centre, Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter and Genetics and Molecular Cell Sciences Research Centre, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Niehues
- Center for Child and Adolescent Medicine, Helios-Clinic, Krefeld, Germany
| | - Luigi D Notarangelo
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, Md
| | - Jordan Orange
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Ulrich Pannicke
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Chris Pearson
- Department of General Medicine, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paolo Picco
- Clinica Pediatrica e Reumatologia, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Patrick J Quinn
- Discipline of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide and Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Women's and Children's Health Network, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Ansgar Schulz
- Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Filiz Seeborg
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology & Center for Human Immunobiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Asbjørg Stray-Pedersen
- Norwegian National Unit for Newborn Screening, Division of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Hasan Tawamie
- Institute of Human Genetics of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Aiuti
- Pediatric Immunohematology, San Raffaele Hospital and San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Milan, Italy
| | - Rae Yeung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Paediatrics and Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Paediatrics, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Klaus Schwarz
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany; the Institute for Clinical Transfusion Medicine and Immunogenetics Ulm, German Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Wuerttemberg - Hessen, Ulm, Germany
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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13
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Harris VC, Haak BW, Handley SA, Jiang B, Velasquez DE, Hykes BL, Droit L, Berbers GAM, Kemper EM, van Leeuwen EMM, Boele van Hensbroek M, Wiersinga WJ. Effect of Antibiotic-Mediated Microbiome Modulation on Rotavirus Vaccine Immunogenicity: A Human, Randomized-Control Proof-of-Concept Trial. Cell Host Microbe 2019; 24:197-207.e4. [PMID: 30092197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccines (RVV) protect against childhood gastroenteritis caused by rotavirus (RV) but have decreased effectiveness in low- and middle-income settings. This proof-of-concept, randomized-controlled, open-label trial tested if microbiome modulation can improve RVV immunogenicity. Healthy adults were randomized and administered broad-spectrum (oral vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, metronidazole), narrow-spectrum (vancomycin), or no antibiotics and then vaccinated with RVV, 21 per group per protocol. Baseline anti-RV IgA was high in all subjects. Although antibiotics did not alter absolute anti-RV IgA titers, RVV immunogenicity was boosted at 7 days in the narrow-spectrum group. Further, antibiotics increased fecal shedding of RV while also rapidly altering gut bacterial beta diversity. Beta diversity associated with RVV immunogenicity boosting at day 7 and specific bacterial taxa that distinguish RVV boosters and RV shedders were identified. Despite the negative primary endpoint, this study demonstrates that microbiota modification alters the immune response to RVV and supports further exploration of microbiome manipulation to improve RVV immunogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa C Harris
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Bastiaan W Haak
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Scott A Handley
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Baoming Jiang
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Daniel E Velasquez
- Division of Viral Diseases, Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Barry L Hykes
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lindsay Droit
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Guy A M Berbers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), 3721 MA, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Elles Marleen Kemper
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Pharmacy, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Experimental Immunology, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael Boele van Hensbroek
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Global Health - Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development (AIGHD), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Willem Joost Wiersinga
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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14
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Langedijk AC, van Aalst M, Meek B, van Leeuwen EMM, Zeerleder S, Meijer E, Hazenberg MD, Grobusch MP, Goorhuis A. Long-term pneumococcal vaccine immunogenicity following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Vaccine 2018; 37:510-515. [PMID: 30502071 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is a life-threatening, but vaccine preventable complication in patients with allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). The international consensus on post allo-HSCT immunization schedules, starting 3-6 months after HSCT, focuses on short-term immunogenicity while long-term immunogenicity is not well characterized. The current Dutch immunization schedule, which starts at 12 months post allo-HSCT, was developed as a result of concerns on the coverage of long-term immunogenicity in international guidelines. We recently encountered two cases of allo-HSCT recipients who developed invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) despite adequate revaccinations, which led us to question the immunogenicity of pneumococcal vaccinations in this patient group, and whether the currently existing vaccination schedules are appropriate. We included allo-HSCT recipients, vaccinated from one year after transplantation, and tested antibody responses to pneumococcal vaccination. We also performed a systematic review. Antibody concentrations were measured in 42 of 103 (41%) patients, with a response rate of 85% to PCV13 and 62% to PPSV23-unique serotypes. In six relevant studies, protection rates varied between 64 and 98%. Antibody responses in early and late vaccination schedules were similar, but adequate antibody responses were maintained better after late vaccination. Therefore, we propose a vaccination schedule that combines the advantages of early and late vaccination. This new schedule has been introduced since March 2018 in the two academic hospitals in Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annefleur C Langedijk
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mariëlle van Aalst
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Meek
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, St. Antonius Hospital, 3435CM Nieuwegein, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sacha Zeerleder
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Hematology, VU University Medical Center, 1081HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mette D Hazenberg
- Department of Hematology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martin P Grobusch
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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15
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Tuijnenburg P, Lango Allen H, Burns SO, Greene D, Jansen MH, Staples E, Stephens J, Carss KJ, Biasci D, Baxendale H, Thomas M, Chandra A, Kiani-Alikhan S, Longhurst HJ, Seneviratne SL, Oksenhendler E, Simeoni I, de Bree GJ, Tool ATJ, van Leeuwen EMM, Ebberink EHTM, Meijer AB, Tuna S, Whitehorn D, Brown M, Turro E, Thrasher AJ, Smith KGC, Thaventhiran JE, Kuijpers TW. Loss-of-function nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) variants are the most common monogenic cause of common variable immunodeficiency in Europeans. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2018; 142:1285-1296. [PMID: 29477724 PMCID: PMC6148345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genetic cause of primary immunodeficiency disease (PID) carries prognostic information. OBJECTIVE We conducted a whole-genome sequencing study assessing a large proportion of the NIHR BioResource-Rare Diseases cohort. METHODS In the predominantly European study population of principally sporadic unrelated PID cases (n = 846), a novel Bayesian method identified nuclear factor κB subunit 1 (NFKB1) as one of the genes most strongly associated with PID, and the association was explained by 16 novel heterozygous truncating, missense, and gene deletion variants. This accounted for 4% of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) cases (n = 390) in the cohort. Amino acid substitutions predicted to be pathogenic were assessed by means of analysis of structural protein data. Immunophenotyping, immunoblotting, and ex vivo stimulation of lymphocytes determined the functional effects of these variants. Detailed clinical and pedigree information was collected for genotype-phenotype cosegregation analyses. RESULTS Both sporadic and familial cases demonstrated evidence of the noninfective complications of CVID, including massive lymphadenopathy (24%), unexplained splenomegaly (48%), and autoimmune disease (48%), features prior studies correlated with worse clinical prognosis. Although partial penetrance of clinical symptoms was noted in certain pedigrees, all carriers have a deficiency in B-lymphocyte differentiation. Detailed assessment of B-lymphocyte numbers, phenotype, and function identifies the presence of an increased CD21low B-cell population. Combined with identification of the disease-causing variant, this distinguishes between healthy subjects, asymptomatic carriers, and clinically affected cases. CONCLUSION We show that heterozygous loss-of-function variants in NFKB1 are the most common known monogenic cause of CVID, which results in a temporally progressive defect in the formation of immunoglobulin-producing B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tuijnenburg
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hana Lango Allen
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Siobhan O Burns
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel Greene
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Machiel H Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emily Staples
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Stephens
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keren J Carss
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Daniele Biasci
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Baxendale
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Moira Thomas
- Department of Immunology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Anita Chandra
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sorena Kiani-Alikhan
- Department of Immunology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Hilary J Longhurst
- Department of Immunology, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Suranjith L Seneviratne
- Department of Immunology, Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Oksenhendler
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris (APHP), Paris, France
| | - Ilenia Simeoni
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton T J Tool
- Department of Blood Cell Research, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Alexander B Meijer
- Department of Plasma Proteins, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Salih Tuna
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah Whitehorn
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Brown
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest Turro
- Department of Haematology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NHS Blood and Transplant Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian J Thrasher
- Molecular and Cellular Immunology Section, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Hospital NHS Trust London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Adrichem ME, Starink MV, van Leeuwen EMM, Kramer C, van Schaik IN, Eftimov F. Drug-induced cutaneous lupus erythematosus after immunoglobulin treatment in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a case series. J Peripher Nerv Syst 2018; 22:213-218. [PMID: 28480635 DOI: 10.1111/jns.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe six patients with cutaneous lupus erythematosus (cLE) during immunoglobulin G (IgG) treatment. Five patients were diagnosed with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) and one patient with possible CIDP. Five patients received intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) and one patient received subcutaneous immunoglobulin (SCIg). Skin lesions were systematically assessed by a dermatologist including skin biopsies. Patients showed disseminated erythematous plaques on several parts of the body with pre-dominance of the chest and face. Skin biopsies showed perivascular and perifollicular vacuolar inflammation, consistent with the diagnosis of cLE. There were no signs of systemic lupus erythematosus. Anti-SSA (Ro60) antibodies were found in two patients and anti-Ro52 antibodies were detectable in one patient. Symptoms improved in three patients after switching to another brand of IVIg and after use of topical corticosteroids. However, these measures did not lead to a complete resolution of the skin lesions. To achieve complete remission, IgG treatment was ceased in four patients. This led to remission of the skin lesions in two patients and to marked improvement in the other two patients. IVIg had to be restarted in two patients because of a relapse of CIDP which led to worsening of the skin lesions. In one patient with clear IVIg dependency, treatment was continued with addition of topical steroids. In the patient using SCIg, cLE was photosensitive and showed spontaneous remission. The relation of cLE with IgG treatment suggests an immunoglobulin-induced cLE. Only one report previously described the occurrence of IVIg induced cLE in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max E Adrichem
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Markus V Starink
- Department of Dermatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ivo N van Schaik
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Filip Eftimov
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Stelma F, Willemse SB, Erken R, de Niet A, Sinnige MJ, van Dort K, Zaaijer HL, van Leeuwen EMM, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW. Dynamics of the Immune Response in Acute Hepatitis B Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2017; 4:ofx231. [PMID: 29302605 PMCID: PMC5739046 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofx231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Acute hepatitis B virus infection in adults is generally self-limiting but may lead to chronicity in a minority of patients. Methods We included 9 patients with acute hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and collected longitudinal follow-up samples. Natural killer (NK) cell characteristics were analyzed by flowcytometry. HBV-specific T-cell function was analyzed by in vitro stimulation with HBV peptide pools and intracellular cytokine staining. Results Median baseline HBV DNA load was 5.12 log IU/mL, and median ALT was 2652 U/mL. Of 9 patients, 8 cleared HBsAg within 6 months whereas 1 patient became chronically infected. Early time points after infection showed increased CD56bright NK cells and an increased proportion of cells expressing activation markers. Most of these had normalized at week 24, while the proportion of TRAIL-positive CD56bright NK cells remained high in the chronically infected patient. In patients who cleared HBV, functional HBV-specific CD8+ and CD4+ responses could be observed, whereas in the patient who developed chronic infection, only low HBV-specific T-cell responses were observed. Conclusions NK cells are activated early in the course of acute HBV infection. Broad and multispecific T-cell responses are observed in patients who clear acute HBV infection, but not in a patient who became chronically infected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Stelma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sophie B Willemse
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robin Erken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Annikki de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Karel van Dort
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans L Zaaijer
- Department of Clinical Virology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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18
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Stelma F, de Niet A, Sinnige MJ, van Dort KA, van Gisbergen KPJM, Verheij J, van Leeuwen EMM, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW. Human intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells have a tissue resident memory T cell phenotype with reduced cytolytic capacity. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6172. [PMID: 28733665 PMCID: PMC5522381 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06352-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue resident memory T cells (TRM) have been identified in various tissues, however human liver TRM to date remain unidentified. TRM can be recognized by CD69 and/or CD103 expression and may play a role in the pathology of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis C virus infection (CHC). Liver and paired blood mononuclear cells from 17 patients (including 4 CHB and 6 CHC patients) were isolated and CD8+ T cells were comprehensively analysed by flowcytometry, immunohistochemistry and qPCR. The majority of intrahepatic CD8+ T cells expressed CD69, a marker used to identify TRM, of which a subset co-expressed CD103. CD69 + CD8+ T cells expressed low levels of S1PR1 and KLF2 and a large proportion (>90%) was CXCR6+, resembling liver TRM in mice and liver resident NK cells in human. Cytotoxic proteins were only expressed in a small fraction of liver CD69 + CD8+ T cells in patients without viral hepatitis, however, in livers from CHB patients more CD69 + CD8+ T cells were granzyme B+. In CHC patients, less intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells were Hobit+ as compared to CHB and control patients. Intrahepatic CD69 + CD8+ T cells likely TRM which have a reduced cytolytic potential. In patients with chronic viral hepatitis TRM have a distinct phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Stelma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annikki de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas P J M van Gisbergen
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Verheij
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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19
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Tuijnenburg P, Cuadrado E, Bosch AM, Kindermann A, Jansen MH, Alders M, van Leeuwen EMM, Kuijpers TW. Humoral Immunodeficiency with Hypotonia, Feeding Difficulties, Enteropathy, and Mild Eczema Caused by a Classical FOXP3 Mutation. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:37. [PMID: 28289675 PMCID: PMC5326763 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here the case of a boy who presented with pulmonary infections, feeding difficulties due to velopharyngeal insufficiency and gastroesophageal reflux, myopathy, and hypotonia soon after birth. Later, he was also found to have an elevated immunoglobulin (Ig) E and mild eczema and was diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease. Further immunological screening at the age of 7 years showed low B and NK cell numbers but normal CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and notably, normal numbers of CD4+ regulatory T (Treg) cells. Serum IgG, IgA, and IgM were low to normal, but he had a deficient response to a pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine and thus a humoral immunodeficiency. To our surprise, whole exome sequencing revealed a mutation in forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), encoding an essential transcription factor for the development and function of Treg cells. This classical mutation is associated with immune dysregulation, polyendocrinopathy, enteropathy, X-linked (IPEX) syndrome. Further in vitro studies indeed showed defective function of Treg cells despite normal FOXP3 protein expression and nuclear localization. The boy underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation at 11 years of age and despite the temporary development of diabetes while on prednisone is now doing much better, IgE levels have declined, and his fatigue has improved. This case illustrates that a classical pathogenic mutation in FOXP3 can lead to a clinical phenotype where the diagnosis of IPEX syndrome was never considered because of the lack of diabetes and the presence of only mild eczema, in addition to the normal Treg cell numbers and FOXP3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Tuijnenburg
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eloy Cuadrado
- Department of Hematopoiesis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Annet M Bosch
- Department of Metabolic Disorders, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Angelika Kindermann
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Machiel H Jansen
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marielle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam , Amsterdam , Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, Rheumatology and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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20
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Wieten RW, Jonker EFF, van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, ten Berge IJM, de Visser AW, van Genderen PJJ, Goorhuis A, Visser LG, Grobusch MP, de Bree GJ. A Single 17D Yellow Fever Vaccination Provides Lifelong Immunity; Characterization of Yellow-Fever-Specific Neutralizing Antibody and T-Cell Responses after Vaccination. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149871. [PMID: 26977808 PMCID: PMC4792480 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prompted by recent amendments of Yellow Fever (YF) vaccination guidelines from boost to single vaccination strategy and the paucity of clinical data to support this adjustment, we used the profile of the YF-specific CD8+ T-cell subset profiles after primary vaccination and neutralizing antibodies as a proxy for potentially longer lasting immunity. Methods and Findings PBMCs and serum were collected in six individuals on days 0, 3, 5, 12, 28 and 180, and in 99 individuals >10 years after YF-vaccination. Phenotypic characteristics of YF- tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells were determined using class I tetramers. Antibody responses were measured using a standardized plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Also, characteristics of YF-tetramer positive CD8+ T-cells were compared between individuals who had received a primary- and a booster vaccination. YF-tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells were detectable on day 12 (median tetramer+ cells as percentage of CD8+ T-cells 0.2%, range 0.07–3.1%). On day 180, these cells were still present (median 0.06%, range 0.02–0.78%). The phenotype of YF-tetramer positive CD8+ T-cells shifted from acute phase effector cells on day 12, to late differentiated or effector memory phenotype (CD45RA-/+CD27-) on day 28. Two subsets of YF-tetramer positive T-cells (CD45RA+CD27- and CD45RA+CD27+) persisted until day 180. Within all phenotypic subsets, the T-bet: Eomes ratio tended to be high on day 28 after vaccination and shifted towards predominant Eomes expression on day 180 (median 6.0 (day 28) vs. 2.2 (day 180) p = 0.0625), suggestive of imprinting compatible with long-lived memory properties. YF-tetramer positive CD8+ T-cells were detectable up to 18 years post vaccination, YF-specific antibodies were detectable up to 40 years after single vaccination. Booster vaccination did not increase titers of YF-specific antibodies (mean 12.5 vs. 13.1, p = 0.583), nor induce frequencies or alter phenotypes of YF-tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells. Conclusion The presence of a functionally competent YF-specific memory T-cell pool 18 years and sufficient titers of neutralizing antibodies 35–40 years after first vaccination suggest that single vaccination may be sufficient to provide long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanne W. Wieten
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile F. F. Jonker
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester B. M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ineke J. M. ten Berge
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriëtte W. de Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leo G. Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Martin P. Grobusch
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Godelieve J. de Bree
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Division of Internal Medicine, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Institute for Global Health and Development, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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de Niet A, Stelma F, Jansen L, Sinnige MJ, Remmerswaal EBM, Takkenberg RB, Kootstra NA, Reesink HW, van Lier RAW, van Leeuwen EMM. Restoration of T cell function in chronic hepatitis B patients upon treatment with interferon based combination therapy. J Hepatol 2016; 64:539-46. [PMID: 26505119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is characterized by functional impairment of HBV-specific T cells. Understanding the mechanisms behind T cell dysfunction and restoration is important for the development of optimal treatment strategies. METHODS In this study we have first analysed the phenotype and function of HBV-specific T cells in patients with low viral load (HBV DNA <20,000IU/ml) and spontaneous control over the virus. Subsequently, we assessed HBV-specific T cells in patients with high viral load (HBV DNA >17,182IU/ml) treated with peginterferon/adefovir combination therapy who had various treatment outcomes. RESULTS HBV-specific T cells could be detected directly ex vivo in 7/22 patients with low viral load. These showed an early differentiated memory phenotype with reduced ability to produce IL-2 and cytotoxic molecules such as granzyme B and perforin, but with strong proliferative potential. In a cohort of 28 chronic hepatitis B patients with high viral load treated with peginterferon and adefovir, HBV-specific T cells could not be detected directly ex vivo. However, HBV-specific T cells could be selectively expanded in vitro in patients with therapy-induced HBsAg clearance (HBsAg loss n=7), but not in patients without HBsAg clearance (n=21). Further analysis of HBV-specific T cell function with peptide pools showed broad and efficient antiviral responses after therapy. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that peginterferon based combination therapy can induce HBV-specific T cell restoration. These findings may help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to reconstitute antiviral functions and enhance viral clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annikki de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Femke Stelma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louis Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan J Sinnige
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - R Bart Takkenberg
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Rene A W van Lier
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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22
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De Jong HK, Achouiti A, Koh GCKW, Parry CM, Baker S, Faiz MA, van Dissel JT, Vollaard AM, van Leeuwen EMM, Roelofs JJTH, de Vos AF, Roth J, van der Poll T, Vogl T, Wiersinga WJ. Expression and function of S100A8/A9 (calprotectin) in human typhoid fever and the murine Salmonella model. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003663. [PMID: 25860480 PMCID: PMC4393299 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Typhoid fever, caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, is a major cause of community-acquired bacteremia and death worldwide. S100A8 (MRP8) and S100A9 (MRP14) form bioactive antimicrobial heterodimers (calprotectin) that can activate Toll-like receptor 4, promoting lethal, endotoxin-induced shock and multi-organ failure. We aimed to characterize the expression and function of S100A8/A9 in patients with typhoid fever and in a murine invasive Salmonella model. Methods and principal findings S100A8/A9 protein levels were determined in acute phase plasma or feces from 28 Bangladeshi patients, and convalescent phase plasma from 60 Indonesian patients with blood culture or PCR-confirmed typhoid fever, and compared to 98 healthy control subjects. To functionally characterize the role of S100A8/A9, we challenged wildtype (WT) and S100A9-/- mice with S. Typhimurium and determined bacterial loads and inflammation 2- and 5- days post infection. We further assessed the antimicrobial function of recombinant S100A8/A9 on S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi replication in vitro. Typhoid fever patients demonstrated a marked increase of S100A8/A9 in acute phase plasma and feces and this increases correlated with duration of fever prior to admission. S100A8/A9 directly inhibited the growth of S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi in vitro in a dose and time dependent fashion. WT mice inoculated with S. Typhimurium showed increased levels of S100A8/A9 in both the liver and the systemic compartment but S100A9-/- mice were indistinguishable from WT mice with respect to bacterial growth, survival, and inflammatory responses, as determined by cytokine release, histopathology and organ injury. Conclusion S100A8/A9 is markedly elevated in human typhoid, correlates with duration of fever prior to admission and directly inhibits the growth of S. Typhimurium and S. Typhi in vitro. Despite elevated levels in the murine invasive Salmonella model, S100A8/A9 does not contribute to an effective host response against S. Typhimurium in mice. Bacterial pathogens are recognized by the host upon infection through interactions between their virulence factors and host cell receptors leading to the activation and recruitment of innate immune cells. Salmonella Typhi, the etiologic agent for typhoid fever, however harbors a number of factors, such as a polysaccharide capsule, which prevent the detection of these virulence factors, and thereby dampens the innate host response. Besides bacterial virulence factors, the host can detect endogenous danger molecules which are released upon tissue damage. S100A8/A9, an extracellular protein complex, is such a danger signal that is able to further amplify the systemic inflammatory response upon infection. In the present study we investigated the role of S100A8/A9 during invasive Salmonella infection and observed a marked increase of this protein in patients with typhoid fever, which correlates with disease stage and severity. Furthermore we found that S100A8/A9 directly inhibited the growth of Salmonella species in vitro thereby functioning as an antimicrobial. When mice were infected with Salmonella, the levels of S100A8/A9 were also elevated but mice lacking this protein did not have an altered host response to infection. The role and importance of the elevated levels of S100A8/A9 in human typhoid fever requires further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K. De Jong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmed Achouiti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Gavin C. K. W. Koh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Medicine, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher M. Parry
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Clinical Sciences, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Baker
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Churchill Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust Major Overseas Programme, Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Mohammed Abul Faiz
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Jaap T. van Dissel
- Department of Infectious diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Albert M. Vollaard
- Department of Infectious diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ester M. M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas Vogl
- Institute of Immunology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Willem Joost Wiersinga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine (CEMM), Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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23
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Stelma F, de Niet A, Tempelmans Plat-Sinnige MJ, Jansen L, Takkenberg RB, Reesink HW, Kootstra NA, van Leeuwen EMM. Natural Killer Cell Characteristics in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Infection Are Associated With HBV Surface Antigen Clearance After Combination Treatment With Pegylated Interferon Alfa-2a and Adefovir. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:1042-51. [PMID: 25791117 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the process of hepatitis B virus (HBV) surface antigen (HBsAg) clearance and whether their phenotype is related to treatment outcome in patients with chronic hepatitis B are currently unknown. METHODS Patients with chronic hepatitis B (HBV DNA load, >17 000 IU/mL) were treated with pegylated interferon alfa-2a and adefovir for 48 weeks. NK cell phenotype and function were analyzed in 7 responders (defined as individuals with HBsAg clearance by week 72; 3 HBV e antigen [HBeAg]-positive and 4 HBeAg-negative), 7 matched nonresponders, and 7 healthy controls. Subsequently, 34 baseline samples from HBeAg-positive patients with chronic hepatitis B were analyzed. RESULTS During treatment, the percentage and absolute number of CD56(bright) NK cells increased significantly, whereas the percentage and absolute number of CD56(dim) NK cells decreased. At baseline, responders had a significantly lower expression of chemokine receptor CX3CR1 on CD56(bright) NK cells and inhibitory receptor NKG2A on CD56(dim) NK cells, compared with nonresponders. In addition, responders had higher CD56(bright) TRAIL expression and interferon γ production at end of treatment. These baseline differences were not found in HBeAg-positive patients who had HBeAg seroconversion without HBsAg clearance. CONCLUSIONS Combination therapy significantly influences NK cell phenotype and function. Differences between patients with chronic hepatitis B with HBsAg clearance and nonresponders suggest that NK cells play a role in the clearance of HBsAg during interferon-based combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Femke Stelma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annikki de Niet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Louis Jansen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hendrik W Reesink
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Havenith SHC, Remmerswaal EBM, Idu MM, van Donselaar-van der Pant KAMI, van der Bom N, Bemelman FJ, van Leeuwen EMM, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. CXCR5+CD4+ follicular helper T cells accumulate in resting human lymph nodes and have superior B cell helper activity. Int Immunol 2013; 26:183-92. [PMID: 24291746 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxt058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many relevant immune reactions are initiated in the lymph nodes, this compartment has not been systematically studied in humans. Analyses have been performed on immune cells derived from tonsils, but as this tissue is most often inflamed, generalization of these data is difficult. Here, we analyzed the phenotype and function of the human CD4(+) T-cell subsets and lineages in paired resting lymph node and peripheral blood samples. Naive, central memory cells and effector memory cells as well as Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cells were equally represented in both compartments. On the other hand, cytotoxic CD4(+) T cells were strikingly absent in the lymph nodes. CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells, representing putative follicular Th (Tfh) cells were over-represented in lymph nodes and expressed higher levels of Tfh markers than their peripheral blood counterparts. Compared with the circulating pool, lymph-node-derived CXCR5(+)CD4(+) T cells were superior in providing help to B cells. Thus, functionally competent Tfh cells accumulate in resting human lymph nodes, providing a swift induction of naive and memory antibody responses upon antigenic challenge.
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25
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aan de Kerk DJ, van Leeuwen EMM, Jansen MH, van den Berg JM, Alders M, Vermont CL, van Lier RAW, Pals ST, Kuijpers TW. Aberrant humoral immune reactivity in DOCK8 deficiency with follicular hyperplasia and nodal plasmacytosis. Clin Immunol 2013; 149:25-31. [PMID: 23891736 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2013.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in the DOCK8 gene define the most common form of autosomal-recessive Hyper-IgE-syndrome (AR-HIES/OMIM#243700). In a patient with extensive molluscum contagiosum lesions, a homozygous DOCK8 gene deletion was demonstrated. In-vivo 18-FDG uptake showed multiple non-enlarged lymph nodes without uptake in the spleen. Lymph node biopsies for subsequent immunohistochemistry showed clear differences with the mouse model of DOCK8 deficiency in which these mice show no GCs. Unexpectedly, the patient's lymph nodes demonstrated lymphocyte polyclonality, follicular hyperplasia and an unusual IgE(+) plasma cell expansion. In contrast, the proliferative capacity of circulating B-cells was almost absent with little in-vitro Ig production or plasmablast formation. Also the T-cell proliferation indicated a partial defect. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) was performed resulting in the disappearance of the molluscum contagiosum lesions. In sum, DOCK8 deficiency results in defective antibody responses and undirected plasma cell expansion in the lymph nodes, as part of a combined immunodeficiency cured by HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J aan de Kerk
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Emma Children's Hospital, AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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26
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aan de Kerk DJ, Jansen MH, ten Berge IJM, van Leeuwen EMM, Kuijpers TW. Identification of B cell defects using age-defined reference ranges for in vivo and in vitro B cell differentiation. J Immunol 2013; 190:5012-9. [PMID: 23585684 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Primary immunodeficiencies consist to a large extent of B cell defects, as indicated by inadequate Ab levels or response upon immunization. Many B cell defects have not yet been well characterized. Our objective was to create reliable in vivo and in vitro assays to routinely analyze human B cell differentiation, proliferation, and Ig production and to define reference ranges for different age categories. The in vitro assays were applied to classify the developmental and/or functional B cell defects in patients previously diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency. Apart from standard immunophenotyping of circulating human B cell subsets, an in vitro CFSE dilution assay was used for the assessment of proliferative capacity comparing T cell-dependent and T cell-independent B cell activation. Plasmablast/plasma cell differentiation was assessed by staining for CD20, CD38, and CD138, and measurement of in vitro Ig secretion. At young age, B cells proliferate upon in vitro activation, but neither differentiate nor produce IgG. These latter functions reached adult levels at 5 and 10 y of age for T cell-dependent versus T cell-independent stimulations, respectively. The capacity of B cells to differentiate into plasmablasts and to produce IgG appeared to be contained within the switched memory B cell pool. Using these assays, we could categorize common variable immunodeficiency patients into subgroups and identified a class-switch recombination defect caused by an UNG mutation in one of the patients. We defined age-related reference ranges for human B cell differentiation. Our findings indicate that in vivo B cell functionality can be tested in vitro and helps to diagnose suspected B cell defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan J aan de Kerk
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Kuijpers TW, van Leeuwen EMM, Barendregt BH, Klarenbeek P, aan de Kerk DJ, Baars PA, Jansen MH, de Vries N, van Lier RAW, van der Burg M. A reversion of an IL2RG mutation in combined immunodeficiency providing competitive advantage to the majority of CD8+ T cells. Haematologica 2013; 98:1030-8. [PMID: 23403317 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2012.077511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the common gamma chain (γc, CD132, encoded by the IL2RG gene) can lead to B(+)T(-)NK(-) X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency, as a consequence of unresponsiveness to γc-cytokines such as interleukins-2, -7 and -15. Hypomorphic mutations in CD132 may cause combined immunodeficiencies with a variety of clinical presentations. We analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells of a 6-year-old boy with normal lymphocyte counts, who suffered from recurrent pneumonia and disseminated mollusca contagiosa. Since proliferative responses of T cells and NK cells to γc -cytokines were severely impaired, we performed IL2RG gene analysis, showing a heterozygous mutation in the presence of a single X-chromosome. Interestingly, an IL2RG reversion to normal predominated in both naïve and antigen-primed CD8(+) T cells and increased over time. Only the revertant CD8(+) T cells showed normal expression of CD132 and the various CD8(+) T cell populations had a different T-cell receptor repertoire. Finally, a fraction of γδ(+) T cells and differentiated CD4(+)CD27(-) effector-memory T cells carried the reversion, whereas NK or B cells were repeatedly negative. In conclusion, in a patient with a novel IL2RG mutation, gene-reverted CD8(+) T cells accumulated over time. Our data indicate that selective outgrowth of particular T-cell subsets may occur following reversion at the level of committed T progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taco W Kuijpers
- Emma Children's Hospital, Academic Medical Center (AMC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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28
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Lammers AJJ, de Porto APNA, Bennink RJ, van Leeuwen EMM, Biemond BJ, Goslings JC, van Marle J, ten Berge IJM, Speelman P, Hoekstra JBL. Hyposplenism: comparison of different methods for determining splenic function. Am J Hematol 2012; 87:484-9. [PMID: 22488175 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.23154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2011] [Revised: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Asplenic patients are at risk for pneumococcal sepsis. Patients with hyposplenic function, such as associated with sickle cell disease (SCD), are also at risk. However, tests to assess splenic function are either unavailable or lacking standardization. The aim of this study was to compare different methods for determining splenic function. Eighteen patients with SCD (i.e., 10 heterozygous (SC) and 8 homozygous (SS) SCD patients), and eight splenectomized patients were compared to 10 controls. All subjects underwent spleen scintigraphy, after which functional splenic volumes (FSV) were calculated. FSV was compared to immunological function and B cell-subsets, as well as phagocytic function represented by the presence of Howell Jolly bodies (HJB) and percentages of pitted red cells (PIT). Heterozygous SCD (SC) patients had increased splenic volumes, but diminished FSV, homozygous SCD (SS) patients were asplenic. Splenectomized and SS patients had a strongly reduced phagocytic and immunological function. SC patients had reduced anti-polysaccharide responses without an increase in PIT. FSV correlated significantly with phagocytic and immunological function. HJB were indicative of splenic dysfunction, HJB absence was not indicative of normal functioning splenic tissue. Although visualizing HJB is methodologically advantageous to PIT, both are valid biomarkers of splenic dysfunction. The amount of non-switched memory B cells is strongly correlated to FSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Jolanda Lammers
- Department of Infectious Diseases Tropical Medicine and AIDS, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Leeuwen EMM, Sprent J, Surh CD. Generation and maintenance of memory CD4(+) T Cells. Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:167-72. [PMID: 19282163 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 02/04/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In the course of an immune response to an infectious microbe, pathogen-specific naïve CD4(+) T cells proliferate extensively and differentiate into effector cells. Most of these cells die rapidly, but a small fraction of effector cells persist as memory cells to confer enhanced protection against the same pathogen. Recent advances indicate that strong TCR stimulation during the primary response is essential for the generation of long-lived memory CD4(+) T cells. Memory cells appear to be derived equally from all subsets of effector cells, and memory cells can also acquire additional functional capabilities during the secondary response. Resting memory CD4(+) cells are dependent on signals from contact with IL-7 and IL-15, but not MHC class II, for their survival and intermittent homeostatic proliferation.
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Alves NL, van Leeuwen EMM, Derks IAM, van Lier RAW. Differential regulation of human IL-7 receptor alpha expression by IL-7 and TCR signaling. J Immunol 2008; 180:5201-10. [PMID: 18390701 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.8.5201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IL-7Ralpha is essential for the development and homeostatic maintenance of mature T cells. Studies in humans and mice have shown that IL-7Ralpha expression is reduced by its cognate cytokine, IL-7, and Ag, suggesting that active regulation of IL-7 responsiveness is necessary to balance T cell numbers. We show that IL-7- or TCR/CD28-mediated signaling induced a rapid down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha expression on naive T cells on the mRNA and protein level, with a mild (10-fold) or strong (50-fold) gene suppression, respectively. In both situations, the down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha was blocked by cyclohexamide and actinomycin D, indicating the involvement of an active mechanism dependent on new transcription and protein synthesis. Upon IL-7 withdrawal, IL-7Ralpha mRNA and surface protein reappeared in a transcription-dependent manner within 7 h. Yet, IL-7Ralpha was hardly re-expressed during the same period after TCR/CD28-activation. Likewise, T cells that were activated through CMV in vivo did not re-express IL-7Ralpha after in vitro culture. Functionally, IL-7-induced down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha did not hinder the responsiveness of naive T cells to IL-7. Conversely, down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha on TCR/CD28-activated cells limited IL-7 responsiveness. Strikingly, ectopic expression of IL-7Ralpha cells on TCR/CD28-activated cells conferred a selective advantage in the response to IL-7. In conclusion, our data show that IL-7- and TCR/CD28-mediated signaling differentially regulate IL-7Ralpha expression on human T cells with a transient and chronic effect, respectively. The stringent and active regulation of IL-7Ralpha may constitute a homeostatic mechanism to curtail unwarranted T cell expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno L Alves
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Alves NL, van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, Vrisekoop N, Tesselaar K, Roosnek E, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. A New Subset of Human Naive CD8+T Cells Defined by Low Expression of IL-7Rα. J Immunol 2007; 179:221-8. [PMID: 17579041 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.1.221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant with an increased number of memory-type cells, the amount of naive T cells steadily declines with age. Although the regulatory mechanisms behind this conversion are not fully understood, the suggestion is that both alterations in thymic output and homeostatic signals mold the naive T cell pool. In this study, we identify a new subset of circulating CD27(high)CD45RA(high) CD8+ T cells characterized by low IL-7Ralpha message and protein expression. Analysis of TCR repertoire and TCR excision circle content together with ex vivo recovery of IL-7Ralpha expression indicated that these cells should be placed into the naive T cell pool. Compared with conventional IL-7Ralpha(high) naive T cells, this subset displayed significantly lower levels of CD28 and higher levels of HLA-DR. Proliferative responses to anti-CD3/CD28 mAbs were indistinguishable from conventional naive T cells, but the responsiveness to IL-7 was limited. Strikingly, IL-7Ralpha(low) naive T cells were particularly increased in circumstances of naive CD8+ T cells shortage, as in the elderly, in patients early after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation, and in HIV-infected individuals. As common gamma chain cytokines induce rapid down-regulation of IL-7Ralpha, we propose that this new subset of naive T cells may encompass cells that have recently received homeostatic signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno L Alves
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Leeuwen EMM, Koning JJ, Remmerswaal EBM, van Baarle D, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Differential usage of cellular niches by cytomegalovirus versus EBV- and influenza virus-specific CD8+ T cells. J Immunol 2007; 177:4998-5005. [PMID: 17015682 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.8.4998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunological memory provides long-term protection against reinfection or reactivation of pathogens. Murine memory T cell populations may be compressed following infections with new pathogens. Humans have to retain memory T cells directed against a variety of microbes for many decades. Under these circumstances, the effect of pathogens that mount robust T cell reactivity on the pre-existing memory directed against unrelated microbes is unknown. In this study, we studied peripheral blood memory CD8+ T cells directed against different viruses following primary CMV infection in renal transplant recipients. The entrance of CMV-specific CD8+ T cells expanded the Ag-primed CD8+ T cell compartment rather than competing for space with pre-existing memory T cells specific for persistent or cleared viruses. Neither numbers nor phenotype of EBV- or influenza-specific CD8+ T cells was altered by primary CMV infection. CMV-specific CD8+ T cells accumulated over time, resulting in increased total CD8+ T cell numbers. Additionally, they acquired a highly differentiated cytolytic phenotype that was clearly distinct from EBV- or influenza-reactive T cells. Thus, the human immune system appears to be flexible and is able to expand when encountering CMV. In view of the phenotypic differences between virus-specific T cells, this expansion may take place in cellular niches different from those occupied by EBV- or influenza-specific T cells, thereby preserving immunity to these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Dept. of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Human viruses elicit functionally highly diverse CD8+ T-cell responses. This variation, which manifests in the memory or latency stage, includes differences in expansion requirements, migratory properties, homeostatic maintenance mechanisms, and constitutive effector properties, and it may reflect specific adaptations of the human immune system to challenges posed by individual pathogens. Longitudinal follow-up of individuals after primary virus infections has revealed how divergent virus-specific CD8+ T cells may develop from the initially expanded virus-specific T-cell effector pool. Recent findings have shown that CD8+ T cells reactive toward latent viruses may depend on other mechanisms for their homeostatic maintenance than T cells specific for cleared viruses. Whereas the latter can respond to the homeostatic cytokine interleukin-7 (IL-7), many persistent virus-specific T cells, recognizing latent herpesviruses such as Epstein-Barr virus and cytomegalovirus (CMV), lack IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha) and depend on viral antigens to persist. Finally, CMV is unique in that it generates a vast pool of resting virus-specific T cells with constitutive cytolytic effector function. The putative role of functionally diverse CD8+ T cells in protective immunity to persistent viruses is discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, Heemskerk MHM, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. Strong selection of virus-specific cytotoxic CD4+ T-cell clones during primary human cytomegalovirus infection. Blood 2006; 108:3121-7. [PMID: 16840731 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-03-006809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To obtain insight into human CD4+ T cell differentiation and selection in vivo, we longitudinally studied cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD4+ T cells after primary infection. Early in infection, CMV-specific CD4+ T cells have the appearance of interferon gamma (IFNgamma)-producing T-helper 1 (TH1) type cells, whereas during latency a large population of CMV-specific CD4+ CD28- T cells emerges with immediate cytotoxic capacity. We demonstrate that CD4+ CD28- T cells could lyse CMV antigen-expressing target cells in a class II-dependent manner. To clarify the clonal relationship between early and late CMV-specific CD4+ T cells, we determined their Vbeta usage and CDR3 sequences. The T-cell receptor beta (TCRbeta) diversity in the early CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell population was high in contrast to the use of a very restricted set of TCRbeta sequences in latent infection. T-cell clones found in the late CMV-specific CD4+ T-cell population could not be retrieved from the early CD4+ T-cell population, or were present only at a low frequency. The observation that dominant CMV-specific CD4+ clones during latency were only poorly represented in the acute phase suggests that after the initial control of the virus strong selection and/or priming of novel clones takes place in persistent infections in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Division of Nephrology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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de Bree GJ, van Leeuwen EMM, Out TA, Jansen HM, Jonkers RE, van Lier RAW. Selective accumulation of differentiated CD8+ T cells specific for respiratory viruses in the human lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 202:1433-42. [PMID: 16301748 PMCID: PMC2212987 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The lungs are frequently challenged by viruses, and resident CD8+ T cells likely contribute to the surveillance of these pathogens. To obtain insight into local T cell immunity to respiratory viruses in humans, we determined the specificity, phenotype, and function of lung-residing CD8+ T cells and peripheral blood CD8+ T cells in a paired analysis. The lung contained markedly higher frequencies of influenza (FLU)-specific and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific CD8+ T cells when compared with the circulation. This contrasted with an equal distribution of cytomegalovirus- and Epstein-Bar virus–specific CD8+ T cells. Noticeably, a substantial fraction of the lung-residing FLU- and RSV-specific CD8+ T cells had progressed to a relatively late differentiation phenotype, reflected by low expression of CD28 and CD27. Lung-derived FLU-specific CD8+ T cells had low activation requirements, as expansion of these cells could be initiated by cognate peptide in the absence of helper cell–derived signals. Thus, the human lung contains high numbers of differentiated FLU- and RSV-specific memory CD8+ T cells that can readily expand upon reexposure to virus. Resident lung T cells may provide immediate immunological protection against pulmonary virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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van Leeuwen EMM, de Bree GJ, Remmerswaal EBM, Yong SL, Tesselaar K, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. IL-7 receptor alpha chain expression distinguishes functional subsets of virus-specific human CD8+ T cells. Blood 2005; 106:2091-8. [PMID: 15947093 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2005-02-0449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-specific CD8+ T cells emerge after infection with herpesviruses and maintain latency to these persistent pathogens. It has been demonstrated that murine memory CD8+ T-cell precursors specific for acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus express interleukin-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Ralpha), and IL-7 is involved in maintaining memory populations after the clearance of antigen. To investigate whether human CD8+ T cells reactive toward persistent viruses are maintained similarly, we analyzed IL-7Ralpha expression and function on these virus-specific cells. During primary infection, all cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8+ T cells and most Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CD8+ T cells lacked IL-7Ralpha expression. Only some virus-specific T cells expressed IL-7Ralpha late after viral replication became undetectable. CD8+ T cells specific for cleared viruses, influenza (FLU), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) all expressed IL-7Ralpha. Remarkably, the percentage of IL-7Ralpha- CMV-specific T cells correlated with the height of viral replication in the acute phase. Virus-specific IL-7Ralpha+ cells proliferated vigorously in response to IL-7, IL-15, or peptide, whereas IL-7Ralpha- cells required both peptide and helper-cell activation or IL-2 or IL-15 for optimal expansion. Our data suggest that although IL-7 is essential for the maintenance of memory cells in the absence of antigen, CD8+ T cells specific for latent viruses need T-cell receptor activation plus helper factors to persist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, G1-133, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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van Leeuwen EMM, van Buul JD, Remmerswaal EBM, Hordijk PL, ten Berge IJM, van Lier RAW. Functional re-expression of CCR7 on CMV-specific CD8+ T cells upon antigenic stimulation. Int Immunol 2005; 17:713-9. [PMID: 15837711 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxh251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
During latency circulating human cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific CD8(+) T cells do not express the chemokine receptor CCR7. We here show that antigen-specific stimulation in vitro with the specific CMV-peptide in combination with CMV-antigen, IL-2 or IL-21 induced re-expression of CCR7 on CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. Although IL-15 induced strong proliferation of peptide-pulsed CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells, these cells did not re-express CCR7. CMV-specific cells that re-expressed CCR7 also expressed CD62L and were able to react to specific chemokine stimulation with changes in the cytoskeleton. In addition, activated CMV-specific cells specifically migrated towards a chemokine gradient in a transwell assay, with and without an endothelial cell monolayer. We conclude that antigenic stimulation induced functional re-expression of CCR7 which suggests that the migratory properties of virus-primed T cells are flexible and depend on the presence or absence of antigen and cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Avademic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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de Bree GJ, Heidema J, van Leeuwen EMM, van Bleek GM, Jonkers RE, Jansen HM, van Lier RAW, Out TA. Respiratory syncytial virus-specific CD8+ memory T cell responses in elderly persons. J Infect Dis 2005; 191:1710-8. [PMID: 15838799 DOI: 10.1086/429695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-specific CD8(+) memory T cell responses in healthy control participants (n=31) and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=9), with respect to frequency, memory phenotype, and proliferative requirements. METHODS The properties of RSV-specific CD8(+) T cells were analyzed by use of RSV tetramers. The proliferative requirements of RSV-specific CD8(+) T cells were analyzed by culture of peripheral-blood mononuclear cells with RSV peptide in combination with distinct cytokines. RESULTS RSV-specific CD8(+) memory T cells showed a high level of expression of CD27 and interleukin-7R alpha and a low level of expression of CCR7. In the healthy participants, the frequency of RSV tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells was significantly lower than the frequency of influenza virus A (FLU) tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells (P=.0001). In contrast to FLU tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells, we could detect RSV tetramer(+) CD8(+) T cells in the subgroup of elderly healthy participants (age, > or =55 years) and in the patients with COPD only after in vitro expansion. Expanded RSV-specific T cells produced interferon- gamma and granzyme B. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that a pool of functional RSV-specific CD8(+) memory T cells persists in the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and patients with COPD. Low numbers of RSV-specific memory T cells in the elderly and in patients with COPD may explain the increased susceptibility to RSV infection in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Pulmonology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Rowshani AT, Bemelman FJ, van Leeuwen EMM, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Clinical and immunologic aspects of cytomegalovirus infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Transplantation 2005; 79:381-6. [PMID: 15729162 DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000148239.00384.f0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients after solid organ transplantation (SOT). Widespread and prolonged use of antiviral drugs has changed the natural course of CMV disease by delaying its onset and causing drug resistance. CMV induces a strong cellular immune response, even in immunosuppressed patients, and has developed strategies to evade this immune surveillance. This review summarizes challenges in managing CMV infection in transplant recipients and highlights current insights in the cellular immune response against CMV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajda T Rowshani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1100 DE Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have revealed that, during viral infection, ordered phenotypic and functional changes occur in human antigen-specific T cells. We analyzed whether a similar differentiation program is induced after alloantigen stimulation in vitro. METHODS Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and purified CD4(+)CD45RA+, CD4(+)CD45RO+, and CD8+ T cells from healthy individuals were labeled with 5-(and-6)-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE). Cells were co-cultured with allogeneic irradiated cells. Flow cytometric analysis was performed on days 3, 5, and 7 of culture using surface CD45RA, CD27, CD28, CCR7, and intracellular perforin and granzyme B markers in relation to CFSE dilution. RESULTS Based on the decrease in CFSE fluorescence, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells showed an early and vigorous response to allogeneic stimulation. Loss of CD45RA expression and up-regulation of CD27 and CD28 costimulatory molecules was an early event occurring in the first generations of dividing cells. Differentiation at later stages of proliferation was characterized by loss of CCR7 homing receptor expression, more pronounced in CD4+ than in CD8+ T cells, indicating the decreased ability of these cells to traffic to secondary lymphoid organs. Production of the cytotoxic effector molecules perforin and granzyme B increased with the number of cell divisions. CONCLUSIONS Our data thus show that short-term phenotypic and functional changes of alloreactive T cells follow the differentiation pattern seen in the early stages of an antiviral immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Nikolaeva
- Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, Vossen MTM, Rowshani AT, Wertheim-van Dillen PME, van Lier RAW, ten Berge IJM. Emergence of a CD4+CD28−Granzyme B+, Cytomegalovirus-Specific T Cell Subset after Recovery of Primary Cytomegalovirus Infection. J Immunol 2004; 173:1834-41. [PMID: 15265915 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.3.1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 278] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells form a rare subset in human peripheral blood. The presence of CD4(+)CD28(-) cells has been associated with chronic viral infections, but how these particular cells are generated is unknown. In this study, we show that in primary CMV infections, CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells emerge just after cessation of the viral load, indicating that infection with CMV triggers the formation of CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells. In line with this, we found these cells only in CMV-infected persons. CD4(+)CD28(-) cells had an Ag-primed phenotype and expressed the cytolytic molecules granzyme B and perforin. Importantly, CD4(+)CD28(-) cells were to a large extent CMV-specific because proliferation was only induced by CMV-Ag, but not by recall Ags such as purified protein derivative or tetanus toxoid. CD4(+)CD28(-) cells only produced IFN-gamma after stimulation with CMV-Ag, whereas CD4(+)CD28(+) cells also produced IFN-gamma in response to varicella-zoster virus and purified protein derivative. Thus, CD4(+)CD28(-) T cells emerge as a consequence of CMV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ester M M van Leeuwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, and Laboratory of for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Gamadia LE, van Leeuwen EMM, Remmerswaal EBM, Yong SL, Surachno S, Wertheim-van Dillen PME, Ten Berge IJM, Van Lier RAW. The Size and Phenotype of Virus-Specific T Cell Populations Is Determined by Repetitive Antigenic Stimulation and Environmental Cytokines. J Immunol 2004; 172:6107-14. [PMID: 15128796 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.172.10.6107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Based on the expression of the TNFR SFP CD27, two Ag-primed CD8(+) T cell subsets can be discerned in the circulation of healthy individuals: CD27(+) T cells that produce a variety of cytokines but do not display immediate cytolytic activity; and cytotoxic CD27(-) T cells, which secrete only IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha. The mechanism that controls the generation of these different phenotypes is unknown. We show that CMV reactivation not only increases the number of virus-specific T cells but also induces their transition from a CD27(+) to a CD27(-) phenotype. In support of a relation between pool size and phenotype in a cohort of latently infected individuals, the number of Ag-specific CD27(-) CD8(+) T cells was found to be linearly related to the total number of CMV-specific CD8(+) T cells. In vitro studies revealed that the acquisition of the CD27(-) phenotype on CMV-specific T cells depended on the interaction of CD27 with its cellular ligand, CD70. Expression of CD70 was proportional to the amount of antigenic stimulation and blocked by the CD4(+) T cell-derived cytokine IL-21. Thus, induction of CD70, which may vary in distinct viral infections, appears to be a key factor in determining the size and phenotype of the CMV-specific T cell population in latently infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laila E Gamadia
- Renal Transplant Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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