1
|
Anderson JL, Sandstrom K, Smith WR, Wetzel M, Klenchin VA, Evans DT. MHC Class I Ligands of Rhesus Macaque Killer Cell Ig-like Receptors. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2023; 210:1815-1826. [PMID: 37036309 PMCID: PMC10192222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
Abstract
Definition of MHC class I ligands of rhesus macaque killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) is fundamental to NK cell biology in this species as an animal model for infectious diseases, reproductive biology, and transplantation. To provide a more complete foundation for studying NK cell responses, rhesus macaque KIRs representing common allotypes of lineage II KIR genes were tested for interactions with MHC class I molecules representing diverse Macaca mulatta (Mamu)-A, -B, -E, -F, -I, and -AG alleles. KIR-MHC class I interactions were identified by coincubating reporter cell lines bearing chimeric KIR-CD3ζ receptors with target cells expressing individual MHC class I molecules and were corroborated by staining with KIR IgG-Fc fusion proteins. Ligands for 12 KIRs of previously unknown specificity were identified that fell into three general categories: interactions with multiple Mamu-Bw4 molecules, interactions with Mamu-A-related molecules, including allotypes of Mamu-AG and the hybrid Mamu-B*045:03 molecule, or interactions with Mamu-A1*012:01. Whereas most KIRs found to interact with Mamu-Bw4 are inhibitory, most of the KIRs that interact with Mamu-AG are activating. The KIRs that recognize Mamu-A1*012:01 belong to a phylogenetically distinct group of macaque KIRs with a 3-aa deletion in the D0 domain that is also present in human KIR3DL1/S1 and KIR3DL2. This study more than doubles the number of rhesus macaque KIRs with defined MHC class I ligands and identifies interactions with Mamu-AG, -B*045, and -A1*012. These findings support overlapping, but nonredundant, patterns of ligand recognition that reflect extensive functional diversification of these receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Anderson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Kjell Sandstrom
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Willow R. Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Molly Wetzel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - Vadim A. Klenchin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Konova ZV, Parovichnikova EN, Galtseva IV, Khamaganova EG. Impact of natural killer cell’s functional reconstruction on the results of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY AND TRANSFUSIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.35754/0234-5730-2022-67-4-551-569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Currently, more and more attention is being paid to possible strategies for preventing the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and reducing the risk of infections while maintaining the antitumor effect — graft-versus-leukemia effect (GVL). In this context, the study of natural killer cells (NK-cells) seems to be quite promising.Aim – to analyze the biological and functional properties of NK-cells after allo-HSCT, their reconstitution after transplantation and factors affecting this process, as well as the mechanisms of alloreactivity of NK cells in patients after allo-HSCT. Main findings. Various types of activating or inhibiting receptors, which are expressed on NK-cells, regulate the functions of NK-cells. Among them, the main role is played by the killer immunoglobin-like receptor (KIR-receptor), which mediates tolerance to one’s own cells and the immune response, both antitumor and directed against infectious agents. NK-cells can play a decisive role in preventing early relapses and infectious complications, as they are among the first to recover after allo-HSCT. They also have the ability to eliminate the recipient’s T-cells and antigen presenting cells (APCs), thereby preventing the development of graft failure and GVHD. There are several models of NK alloreactivity based on KIR; however, the results of studies in this area are contradictory. This review summarizes the available literature data.
Collapse
|
3
|
Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes L, Adamcova MK, Grusanovic S, Kuzmina M, Aparecida Lopes I, Fernandes de Oliveira Costa A, Zhang H, Strnad H, Lee S, Moudra A, Jonasova AT, Zidka M, Welner RS, Tenen DG, Alberich-Jorda M. Improved hematopoietic stem cell transplantation upon inhibition of natural killer cell-derived interferon-gamma. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:1999-2013. [PMID: 34242616 PMCID: PMC8365098 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a frequent therapeutic approach to restore hematopoiesis in patients with hematologic diseases. Patients receive a hematopoietic stem cell (HSC)-enriched donor cell infusion also containing immune cells, which may have a beneficial effect by eliminating residual neoplastic cells. However, the effect that donor innate immune cells may have on the donor HSCs has not been deeply explored. Here, we evaluate the influence of donor natural killer (NK) cells on HSC fate, concluded that NK cells negatively affect HSC frequency and function, and identified interferon-gamma (IFNγ) as a potential mediator. Interestingly, improved HSC fitness was achieved by NK cell depletion from murine and human donor infusions or by blocking IFNγ activity. Thus, our data suggest that suppression of inflammatory signals generated by donor innate immune cells can enhance engraftment and hematopoietic reconstitution during HSCT, which is particularly critical when limited HSC numbers are available and the risk of engraftment failure is high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Lobo de Figueiredo-Pontes
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Miroslava K Adamcova
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic
| | - Srdjan Grusanovic
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Maria Kuzmina
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague 128 00, Czech Republic
| | - Izabela Aparecida Lopes
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Amanda Fernandes de Oliveira Costa
- Hematology Division, Department of Medical Images, Hematology, and Clinical Oncology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP 14048-900, Brazil
| | - Hong Zhang
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Hynek Strnad
- Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Alena Moudra
- 1(st) Department of Medicine - Department of Haematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Anna T Jonasova
- 1(st) Department of Medicine - Department of Haematology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 120 00, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Zidka
- Orthopaedic Department CLPA-Mediterra, Prague 190 00, Czech Republic; 3(rd) Medical Faculty, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Robert S Welner
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Medicine, Division Hematology/Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Daniel G Tenen
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague 142 00, Czech Republic; Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, University Hospital Motol, Prague 150 06, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Gao F, Ye Y, Gao Y, Huang H, Zhao Y. Influence of KIR and NK Cell Reconstitution in the Outcomes of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Front Immunol 2020; 11:2022. [PMID: 32983145 PMCID: PMC7493622 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.02022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a significant role in immune tolerance and immune surveillance. Killer immunoglobin-like receptors (KIRs), which recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I molecules, are particularly important for NK cell functions. Previous studies have suggested that, in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), alloreactive NK cells from the donor could efficiently eliminate recipient tumor cells and the residual immune cells. Subsequently, several clinical models were established to determine the optimal donors who would exhibit a graft-vs. -leukemia (GVL) effect without developing graft-vs. -host disease (GVHD). In addition, hypotheses about specific beneficial receptor-ligand pairs and KIR genes have been raised and the favorable effects of alloreactive NK cells are being investigated. Moreover, with a deeper understanding of the process of NK cell reconstitution post-HSCT, new factors involved in this process and the defects of previous models have been observed. In this review, we summarize the most relevant literatures about the impact of NK cell alloreactivity on transplant outcomes and the factors affecting NK cell reconstitution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yishan Ye
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - He Huang
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Zhao
- Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Institute of Hematology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory for Stem Cell and Immunotherapy, Hangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
An K, Li B, Luo C, Wang J, Luo C, Chen J. The impact of donor full-length KIR2DS4 in the development of acute and chronic GVHD after unrelated allogeneic HSCT. Pediatr Transplant 2020; 24:e13728. [PMID: 32594584 DOI: 10.1111/petr.13728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Killer Ig-like receptor 2DS4 (KIR2DS4) is the most prevalent activating killer Ig-like receptor gene. It is divergent and encodes either full-length or deleted allele variants. The studies of donor killer KIR2DS4 in unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantations were limited. METHODS KIR and HLA genotyping were determined in 75 pairs of Chinese pediatric hematologic malignancy patients. RESULTS Among the 75 donor-recipient pairs, 77.3% (58/75) of the donors were positive for full-length KIR2DS4 and 22.7% (17/75) were negative. Patients who had donors positive for full-length KIR2DS4 had higher cumulative incidence of aGVHD than patients whose donor negative for full-length KIR2DS4 (86.2% versus 76.5%, P = .038). Multivariate analysis showed full-length KIR2DS4 was the significant factor for I-IV aGVHD (HR = 2.166, 95% CI: 1.01-4.26, P = .025). Subgroup analysis showed that AML and CML patients who received donors negative for full-length KIR2DS4 have a higher cumulative incidences of cGVHD (75% vs 62%, P = .008). There were no significant effects of full-length KIR2DS4 on overall survival (P = .13), relapse-free survival (P = .14), CMV reactivation (P = .52), and relapse (HR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.09-1.6, P = .1875). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated a significant correlation of donor full-length KIR2DS4 on aGVHD and cGVHD. These results suggested that combining KIR and HLA genotyping may help make a better sense of transplants in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kang An
- Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Benshang Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changying Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengjuan Luo
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Prospective phase 2 trial of ixazomib after nonmyeloablative haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplant. Blood Adv 2020; 4:3669-3676. [PMID: 32777064 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2020001958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome inhibition results in extensive immunomodulatory effects that augment natural killer cell cytotoxicity and inhibit aspects of T-cell, B-cell, and dendritic cell function. We performed a phase 2 study that examined the effects of ixazomib for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis (up to 12 cycles) with posttransplant cyclophosphamide and tacrolimus after standard nonmyeloablative haploidentical donor transplantation (HIDT). Ixazomib was started on day +5 (4 mg on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle), with dose reductions allowed in future cycles for toxicity. All patients received peripheral blood stem cells. Twenty-five patients were enrolled with a median age of 62 years (range, 35-77 years) who had acute leukemia (4), myelodysplastic syndrome (7), non-Hodgkin lymphoma/Hodgkin lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic leukemia (8), and myeloma (6). The hematopoietic cell transplant comorbidity index was ≥3 in 68% of the patients. After a median follow-up of 33.5 months, the cumulative incidence of relapse/progression at 1 year was 24% and 44% at 3 years, which failed to meet the statistically predefined goal of decreasing 1-year risk of relapse. Engraftment occurred in all patients with no secondary graft failure, and 3-year nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 12%. Cumulative incidence of grade 3 to 4 acute GVHD was 8%, whereas moderate-to-severe chronic GVHD occurred in 19%. Nineteen patients survive with an estimated 1-year overall survival (OS) of 84% and 3-year OS of 74%. Hematologic and cutaneous toxicities were common but manageable. The substitution of ixazomib for mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) post-HIDT results in reliable engraftment, comparable rates of clinically significant GVHD, relapse and NRM, and favorable OS. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as # NCT02169791.
Collapse
|
7
|
Manandhar T, Hò GGT, Pump WC, Blasczyk R, Bade-Doeding C. Battle between Host Immune Cellular Responses and HCMV Immune Evasion. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3626. [PMID: 31344940 PMCID: PMC6695940 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is ubiquitously prevalent. HCMV infection is typically asymptomatic and controlled by the immune system in healthy individuals, yet HCMV can be severely pathogenic for the fetus during pregnancy and in immunocompromised persons, such as transplant recipients or HIV infected patients. HCMV has co-evolved with the hosts, developed strategies to hide from immune effector cells and to successfully survive in the human organism. One strategy for evading or delaying the immune response is maintenance of the viral genome to establish the phase of latency. Furthermore, HCMV immune evasion involves the downregulation of human leukocyte antigens (HLA)-Ia molecules to hide infected cells from T-cell recognition. HCMV expresses several proteins that are described for downregulation of the HLA class I pathway via various mechanisms. Here, we review the wide range of immune evasion mechanisms of HCMV. Understanding the mechanisms of HCMV immune evasion will contribute to the development of new customized therapeutic strategies against the virus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Trishna Manandhar
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gia-Gia T Hò
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Wiebke C Pump
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute for Transfusion Medicine, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stern L, Withers B, Avdic S, Gottlieb D, Abendroth A, Blyth E, Slobedman B. Human Cytomegalovirus Latency and Reactivation in Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1186. [PMID: 31191499 PMCID: PMC6546901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) reactivation is a major infectious cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). HCMV is a ubiquitous beta-herpesvirus which asymptomatically infects immunocompetent individuals but establishes lifelong latency, with the potential to reactivate to a life-threatening productive infection when the host immune system is suppressed or compromised. Opportunistic HCMV reactivation is the most common viral complication following engraftment after HSCT and is associated with a marked increase in non-relapse mortality, which appears to be linked to complex effects on post-transplant immune recovery. This minireview explores the cellular sites of HCMV latency and reactivation in HSCT recipients and provides an overview of the risk factors for HCMV reactivation post-HSCT. The impact of HCMV in shaping post-transplant immune reconstitution and its relationship with patient outcomes such as relapse and graft-versus-host disease will be discussed. Finally, we survey current and emerging strategies to prevent and control HCMV reactivation in HSCT recipients, with recent developments including adoptive T cell therapies to accelerate HCMV-specific T cell reconstitution and new anti-HCMV drug therapy for HCMV reactivation after HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Stern
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Withers
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Selmir Avdic
- Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - David Gottlieb
- Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Allison Abendroth
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emily Blyth
- Westmead Institute of Medical Research, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Cellular Therapies Laboratory, Westmead, NSW, Australia.,Blood and Marrow Transplant Unit, Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Barry Slobedman
- Discipline of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Presence of centromeric but absence of telomeric group B KIR haplotypes in stem cell donors improve leukaemia control after HSCT for childhood ALL. Bone Marrow Transplant 2019; 54:1847-1858. [PMID: 31089287 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-019-0543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although allogeneic hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) provides high cure rates for children with high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), relapses remain the main cause of treatment failure. Whereas donor killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotype was shown to impact on relapse incidence in adult myeloid leukaemia similar studies in paediatric ALL are largely missing. Effect of donor KIR genotype on transplant outcome was evaluated in 317 children receiving a first myeloablative HSCT from an HLA-matched unrelated donor or sibling within the prospective ALL-SCT-BFM-2003 trial. Analysis of donor KIR gene polymorphism revealed that centromeric presence and telomeric absence of KIR B haplotypes was associated with reduced relapse risk. A centromeric/telomeric KIR score (ct-KIR score) integrating these observations correlated with relapse risk (hazard ratio (HR) 0.58; P = 0.002) while it had no impact on graft-versus-host disease or non-relapse mortality. In multivariable analyses ct-KIR score was associated with reduced relapse risk (HR 0.58; P = 0.003) and a trend towards improved event-free survival (HR 0.76; P = 0.059). This effect proved independent of MRD level prior to HSCT. Our data suggest that in children with ALL undergoing HSCT after myeloablative conditioning, donor selection based on KIR genotyping holds promise to improve clinical outcome by decreasing relapse risk and prolonged event-free survival.
Collapse
|
10
|
Biassoni R, Malnati MS. Human Natural Killer Receptors, Co-Receptors, and Their Ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 121:e47. [PMID: 30040219 DOI: 10.1002/cpim.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the last 20 years, the study of human natural killer (NK) cells has moved from the first molecular characterizations of very few receptor molecules to the identification of a plethora of receptors displaying surprisingly divergent functions. We have contributed to the description of inhibitory receptors and their signaling pathways, important in fine regulation in many cell types, but unknown until their discovery in the NK cells. Inhibitory function is central to regulating NK-mediated cytolysis, with different molecular structures evolving during speciation to assure its persistence. More recently, it has become possible to characterize the NK triggering receptors mediating natural cytotoxicity, unveiling the existence of a network of cellular interactions between effectors of both natural and adaptive immunity. This unit reviews the contemporary history of molecular studies of receptors and ligands involved in NK cell function, characterizing the ligands of the triggering receptor and the mechanisms for finely regulating their expression in pathogen-infected or tumor cells. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Biassoni
- IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Genova, Italy
| | - Mauro S Malnati
- IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Unit of Human Virology, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Banerjee P, Ries M, Janaka SK, Grandea AG, Wiseman R, O'Connor DH, Golos TG, Evans DT. Diversification of Bw4 Specificity and Recognition of a Nonclassical MHC Class I Molecule Implicated in Maternal-Fetal Tolerance by Killer Cell Ig-like Receptors of the Rhesus Macaque. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2018; 201:2776-2786. [PMID: 30232137 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The rhesus macaque is an important animal model for AIDS and other infectious diseases; however, studies to address NK cell function in this species have been limited by the lack of defined ligands for killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs). To identify ligands for rhesus macaque KIRs, we adopted a novel approach based on a pair of stable cell lines. NFAT-responsive luciferase reporter cell lines expressing the extracellular domains of macaque KIRs fused to the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of CD28 and CD3ζ were incubated with target cells expressing individual MHC class I molecules, and ligand recognition was detected by the MHC class I-dependent upregulation of luciferase. Using this approach, we found that Mamu-KIR3DL01, -KIR3DL06, -KIR3DL08, and -KIR3DSw08 all recognize Mamu-Bw4 molecules but with differing allotype specificity. In contrast, Mamu-KIR3DL05 recognizes Mamu-A and Mamu-A-related molecules, including Mamu-A1*002 and -A3*13, Mamu-B*036, the product of a recombinant Mamu-B allele with α1 and α2 domain sequences derived from a MHC-A gene, and Mamu-AG*01, a nonclassical molecule expressed on placental trophoblasts that originated from an ancestral duplication of a MHC-A gene. These results reveal an expansion of the lineage II KIRs in macaques that recognize Bw4 ligands and identify a nonclassical molecule implicated in placental development and pregnancy as a ligand for Mamu-KIR3DL05. In addition to offering new insights into KIR-MHC class I coevolution, these findings provide an important foundation for investigating the role of NK cells in the rhesus macaque as an animal model for infectious diseases and reproductive biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priyankana Banerjee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Moritz Ries
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Sanath Kumar Janaka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Andres G Grandea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - Roger Wiseman
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - David H O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705.,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715.,Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706; and.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705
| | - David T Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705; .,Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bigley AB, Baker FL, Simpson RJ. Cytomegalovirus: an unlikely ally in the fight against blood cancers? Clin Exp Immunol 2018; 193:265-274. [PMID: 29737525 PMCID: PMC6150251 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a potentially fatal complication in patients receiving haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but recent evidence indicates that CMV has strong anti-leukaemia effects due in part to shifts in the composition of natural killer (NK) cell subsets. NK cells are the primary mediators of the anti-leukaemia effect of allogeneic HSCT, and infusion of allogeneic NK cells has shown promise as a means of inducing remission and preventing relapse of several different haematological malignancies. The effectiveness of these treatments is limited, however, when tumours express human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-E, a ligand for the inhibitory receptor NKG2A, which is expressed by the vast majority of post-transplant reconstituted and ex-vivo expanded NK cells. It is possible to enhance NK cell cytotoxicity against HLA-Epos malignancies by increasing the proportion of NK cells expressing NKG2C (the activating receptor for HLA-E) and lacking the corresponding inhibitory receptor NKG2A. The proportion of NKG2Cpos /NKG2Aneg NK cells is typically low in healthy adults, but it can be increased by CMV infection or ex-vivo expansion of NK cells using HLA-E-transfected feeder cells and interleukin (IL)-15. In this review, we will discuss the role of CMV-driven NKG2Cpos /NKG2Aneg NK cell expansion on anti-tumour cytotoxicity and disease progression in the context of haematological malignancies, and explore the possibility of harnessing NKG2Cpos /NKG2Aneg NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. B. Bigley
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - F. L. Baker
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - R. J. Simpson
- Department of Nutritional SciencesThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of Health and Human PerformanceUniversity of HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Department of PediatricsThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
- Department of ImmunobiologyThe University of ArizonaTucsonAZUSA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Mehta RS, Randolph B, Daher M, Rezvani K. NK cell therapy for hematologic malignancies. Int J Hematol 2018; 107:262-270. [PMID: 29383623 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-018-2407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system and represent the first line of defense against infections and tumors. In contrast to T cells, NK cells do not require prior antigen sensitization to induce cytotoxicity and do not cause graft-versus-host disease. These, along with other advantages, make NK cells an attractive candidate for adoptive cellular therapy. Herein, we describe the mechanisms of NK cell cytotoxicity, which is governed by an intricate balance between various activating and inhibitory receptors, including the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). We illustrate the advantages of NK alloreactivity as demonstrated in various types of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT), such as haploidentical, human leukocyte antigen-matched related or unrelated donor and umbilical cord blood transplant. We elaborate on different models used to predict NK cell alloreactivity in these studies, which are either based on the absence of the ligands for inhibitory KIRs, presence of activating NK cell receptors and KIR genes content in donors, or a combination of these. We will review clinical studies demonstrating anti-tumor efficacy of NK cells used either as a stand-alone immunotherapy or as an adjunct to HSCT and novel genetic engineering strategies to improve the anti-tumor activity of NK cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - Brion Randolph
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - May Daher
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 0423, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mostafa HH, Vogel P, Srinivasan A, Russell CJ. Dynamics of Sendai Virus Spread, Clearance, and Immunotherapeutic Efficacy after Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Imaged Noninvasively in Mice. J Virol 2018; 92:e01705-17. [PMID: 29093083 PMCID: PMC5752929 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01705-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are no approved vaccines or virus-specific treatments for human parainfluenza viruses (HPIVs), which have recently been reclassified into the species Human respirovirus 1, Human respirovirus 3, Human rubulavirus 2, and Human rubulavirus 4 These viruses cause morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, including those undergoing hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT). No small-animal models for noninvasive imaging of respiratory virus infection in the HCT host exist, despite the utility that such a system would offer to monitor prolonged infection, its clearance, and treatment options. We used a luciferase-expressing reporter virus to noninvasively image in mice the infection of murine respirovirus (strain Sendai virus [SeV]), the murine counterpart of HPIV1. Independent of disease severity, the clearance of infection began approximately 21 days after HCT, largely due to the recovery of CD8+ T cells. Immunotherapy with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells provided a limited therapeutic benefit. Treatment with a fusion (F) protein-specific monoclonal antibody arrested the spread of lung infection and reduced the disease severity even when treatment was delayed to up to 10 days postinfection but had little observable effect on upper respiratory tract infection. Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells at 10 days postinfection accelerated the clearance by 5 days, reduced the extent of infection throughout the respiratory tract, and reduced the disease severity. Overall, the results support investigation of the clinical treatment of respiratory virus infection in the HCT host with monoclonal antibodies and adoptive T-cell transfer; the imaging system should be extendable to other respiratory viruses, such as respiratory syncytial virus and influenza virus.IMPORTANCE Parainfluenza viruses are a major cause of disease and death due to respiratory virus infection in the immunocompromised host, including those undergoing bone marrow transplantation. There are currently no effective treatment measures. We noninvasively imaged mice that were undergoing a bone marrow transplant and infected with Sendai virus, a murine parainfluenza virus (respirovirus). For the first time, we show the therapeutic windows of adoptive T-cell therapy and treatment with a monoclonal antibody to the fusion (F) protein in clearing Sendai virus from the respiratory tract and reducing disease severity. Mice tolerated these treatments without any detectable toxicity. These findings pave the way for studies assessing the safety of T-cell therapy against parainfluenza virus in humans. Adoptive T-cell therapy against other blood-borne viruses in humans has been shown to be safe and effective. Our model of noninvasive imaging in mice that had undergone a bone marrow transplant may be well suited to track other respiratory virus infections and develop novel preventive and therapeutic strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heba H Mostafa
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Pathology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ashok Srinivasan
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Charles J Russell
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Biochemistry, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uppuluri R, Subburaj D, Jayaraman D, Swaminathan VV, Mullanfiroze K, Vaidhyanathan L, Raj R. Cytomegalovirus reactivation posthematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and type of graft: A step toward rationalizing CMV testing and positively impacting the economics of HSCT in developing countries. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28544502 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to determine a correlation between cytomegalovirus reactivation post hematopoeitic stem cell transplantation (post-HSCT) with the type of graft source, defining children at risk. We analyzed data on children less than 18 years of age undergoing HSCT from 2002 to May 2016 (n = 464). Correlation between reactivation and graft source was analyzed statistically. Reactivation occurred in 3% of children with matched-related donor (MRD) transplants, 33.3% with unrelated peripheral blood stem cells, 17.4% with unrelated cords, and 36.5% (15/41) with mismatched or haploidentical grafts (P = <0.0001). MRD does not warrant weekly PCR, unlike unrelated or haploidentical donors, thus defining protocols for developing countries with limited resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Uppuluri
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | - Divya Subburaj
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | - Dhaarani Jayaraman
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | | | - Khushnuma Mullanfiroze
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| | | | - Revathi Raj
- Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Apollo Cancer Institutes, Chennai, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang HH, He J, Bao XJ, Hu X, Wang M, Zhang J, Wu XJ. [Distribution of donor-specific aKIR after unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation]. ZHONGHUA XUE YE XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA XUEYEXUE ZAZHI 2017; 38:421-426. [PMID: 28565743 PMCID: PMC7354190 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the distribution and proportion of donor-specific activated killer cell immunoglobulin like receptor (aKIR) genes and their clinical application values in unrelated allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) . Methods: Retrospective analyses of KIR genotyping using polymerase chain reaction with sequence specific primers (PCR-SSP) were performed in 216 pairs of donors and recipients. Results: The frequency of donor-specific KIR genes was 53.7% (116/216) in 216 patients receiving unrelated allo-HSCT, with the frequency of 78.3% (112/143) in the KIR genes mismatched group and 5.5% (4/73) in matched group. Of the 116 patients with detectable donor-specific KIR genes, 99.1% (115/116) patients had various donor-specific aKIR genes. Among 55 pairs of donors' KIR-Bx genotype and patients' KIR-AA genotype group, the most commonly observed genotypes were Bx1, Bx2, Bx3, Bx4, in which the donor-specific KIR genes were respectively KIR 3DS1, 2DL5A, 2DS5, 2DS1; KIR 3DS1, 2DL5A, 2DS3, 2DS1; KIR 2DS2, 2DL2; KIR 2DS2, 2DL2, 3DS1, 2DL5A, 2DS5, 2DS1. Of 44 pairs of donors' KIR-AA genotype and patients' KIR-Bx (AB) genotype group, 36.4% (16/44) recipients had donor-specific KIR2DS4 (FUL) gene. In 143 pairs of KIR mismatched group, the frequencies of donor-specific KIR genes were KIR2DS1 (35.7%) , KIR3DS1 (32.9%) , KIR2DS5 (29.4%) , KIR2DS4 (FUL) (25.9%) , KIR2DL2 (25.2%) , KIR2DS2 (24.5%) , KIR2DS3 (21.7%) and KIR3DL1 (8.4%) , respectively. Conclusion: The donor-specific aKIR genes mainly existed in KIR mismatched group after unrelated allo-HSCT, and the different pairs of donors' and patients' KIR genotypes led to the diverse donor-specific aKIR. But there were higher specific aKIR genes in higher frequency of KIR AA, Bx1, Bx2, Bx3, Bx4 genotypes. All these can provide the experimental basis for studying the role of the donor-specific aKIR genes on the prognosis of HSCT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H H Zhang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Mehta RS, Rezvani K. Can we make a better match or mismatch with KIR genotyping? HEMATOLOGY. AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEMATOLOGY. EDUCATION PROGRAM 2016; 2016:106-118. [PMID: 27913469 PMCID: PMC6142490 DOI: 10.1182/asheducation-2016.1.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell function is regulated by a fine balance between numerous activating and inhibitory receptors, of which killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) are among the most polymorphic and comprehensively studied. KIRs allow NK cells to recognize downregulation or the absence of HLA class I molecules on target cells (known as missing-self), a phenomenon that is commonly observed in virally infected cells or cancer cells. Because KIR and HLA genes are located on different chromosomes, in an allogeneic environment such as after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, donor NK cells that express an inhibitory KIR for an HLA class I molecule that is absent on recipient targets (KIR/KIR-ligand mismatch), can recognize and react to this missing self and mediate cytotoxicity. Accumulating data indicate that epistatic interactions between KIR and HLA influence outcomes in several clinical conditions. Herein, we discuss the genetic and functional features of KIR/KIR-ligand interactions in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and how these data can guide donor selection. We will also review clinical studies of adoptive NK cell therapy in leukemia and emerging data on the use of genetically modified NK cells that could broaden the scope of cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Polymorphisme des gènes HLA et KIR et l’impact sur le devenir de la greffe et le choix du donneur non apparenté de cellules souche hématopoïétiques : recommandations de la Société francophone de greffe de moelle et de thérapie cellulaire (SFGM-TC). Bull Cancer 2016; 103:S243-S247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
|
19
|
Haploidentical hematopoietic transplantation for the cure of leukemia: from its biology to clinical translation. Blood 2016; 128:2616-2623. [PMID: 27697774 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-07-730564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review describes the biology of human leukocyte antigen haplotype mismatched ("haploidentical") transplantation, its translation to clinical practice to cure leukemia, and the results of current transplantation protocols. The 1990s saw what had been major drawbacks of haploidentical transplantation, ie, very strong host-versus-graft and graft-versus-host alloresponses, which led respectively to rejection and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), being overcome through transplantation of a "mega-dose" of T cell-depleted peripheral blood hematopoietic progenitor cells and no posttransplant pharmacologic immunosuppression. The absence of posttransplant immunosuppression was an opportunity to discover natural killer cell alloreactions that eradicated acute myeloid leukemia and improved survival. Furthermore, it also unveiled the benefits of transplantation from mother donors, a likely consequence of the mother-to-child interaction during pregnancy. More recent transplantation protocols use unmanipulated (without ex vivo T-cell depletion) haploidentical grafts combined with enhanced posttransplant immunosuppression to help prevent GVHD. Unmanipulated grafts substantially extended the use of haploidentical transplantation with results than even rival those of matched hematopoietic transplantation. In T cell-depleted haploidentical transplantation, recent advances were made by the adoptive transfer of regulatory and conventional T cells.
Collapse
|
20
|
Wójtowicz A, Bochud PY. Risk stratification and immunogenetic risk for infections following stem cell transplantation. Virulence 2016; 7:917-929. [PMID: 27612400 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2016.1234566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are highly exposed to infectious agents. However, it is not known why certain HSCT recipients rapidly develop severe infections while other, despite similar immunosuppressive conditions, do not. Increasing evidence suggests that such differences may be due, in part, to polymorphisms in immune genes. Thus, the identification of genetic factors influencing susceptibility to infections in HSCT recipients may lead to the development of individualized management strategies. However, studies are challenged by several issues, including the relative small size of existing cohorts, the frequent use of prophylactic or preemptive antimicrobial agents, and the fact that genes responsible for immune functions can be inherited either from the donor or the host. Consequently, the major challenge for today's researchers is to overcome these limitations and find associations that are robust enough to be translated into reliable risk stratification strategies for infectious diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Wójtowicz
- a Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Yves Bochud
- a Infectious Diseases Service, Department of Medicine, University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne , Lausanne , Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Drylewicz J, Schellens IMM, Gaiser R, Nanlohy NM, Quakkelaar ED, Otten H, van Dorp S, Jacobi R, Ran L, Spijkers S, Koning D, Schuurman R, Meijer E, Pietersma FL, Kuball J, van Baarle D. Rapid reconstitution of CD4 T cells and NK cells protects against CMV-reactivation after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. J Transl Med 2016; 14:230. [PMID: 27484705 PMCID: PMC4971638 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0988-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epstein-Barr virus and Cytomegalovirus reactivations frequently occur after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT). METHODS Here we investigated the role of immune cell reconstitution in the onset and subsequent severity of EBV- and CMV-reactivation. To this end, 116 patients were prospectively sampled for absolute T cell (CD4 and CD8), B-cell (CD19) and NK-cell (CD16 and CD56) numbers weekly post-SCT during the first 3 months and thereafter monthly until 6 months post-SCT. Viral load was monitored in parallel. RESULTS In contrast to the general belief, we found that early T-cell reconstitution does not play a role in the onset of viral reactivation. CMV reactivation in the first 7 weeks after SCT however resulted in higher absolute CD8(+) T-cell numbers 6 months post-SCT in patients with high-level reactivation, many of which were CMV-specific. Interestingly, rapid reconstitution of CD4(+) T-cells, as well as NK cells and the presence of donor KIR3DL1, are associated with the absence of CMV-reactivation after SCT, suggestive of a protective role of these cells. In contrast, EBV-reactivations were not affected in any way by the level of immune reconstitution after SCT. CONCLUSION In conclusion, these data suggest that CD4(+) T-cells and NK cells, rather than CD8(+) T-cells, are associated with protection against CMV-reactivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Drylewicz
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M M Schellens
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier Gaiser
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nening M Nanlohy
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Esther D Quakkelaar
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Henny Otten
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dorp
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Jacobi
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Leonie Ran
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Spijkers
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dan Koning
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ellen Meijer
- Department of Haematology, VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floortje L Pietersma
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Department of Haematology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. .,Department of Immune Mechanisms, National Institute for Public Health and the environment (RIVM), Center for Infectious Disease Control, Antonie van leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Dominguez-Valentin M, Gras Navarro A, Rahman AM, Kumar S, Retière C, Ulvestad E, Kristensen V, Lund-Johansen M, Lie BA, Enger PØ, Njølstad G, Kristoffersen E, Lie SA, Chekenya M. Identification of a Natural Killer Cell Receptor Allele That Prolongs Survival of Cytomegalovirus-Positive Glioblastoma Patients. Cancer Res 2016; 76:5326-36. [PMID: 27406829 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
By affecting immunological presentation, the presence of cytomegalovirus in some glioblastomas may impact progression. In this study, we examined a hypothesized role for natural killer (NK) cells in impacting disease progression in this setting. We characterized 108 glioblastoma patients and 454 healthy controls for HLA-A,-B,-C, NK-cell KIR receptors, and CMV-specific antibodies and correlated these metrics with clinical parameters. Exome sequences from a large validation set of glioblastoma patients and control individuals were examined from in silico databases. We demonstrated that the KIR allele KIR2DS4*00101 was independently prognostic of prolonged survival. KIR2DS4*00101 displayed 100% concordance with cognate HLA-C1 ligands in glioblastoma patients, but not controls. In the context of both HLA-C1/C2 ligands for the KIR2DS4 receptor, patient survival was further extended. Notably, all patients carrying KIR2DS4*00101 alleles were CMV seropositive, but not control individuals, and exhibited increased NK-cell subpopulations, which expressed the cytotoxicity receptors CD16, NKG2D, and CD94/NKG2C. Finally, healthy controls exhibited a reduced risk for developing glioblastoma if they carried two KIR2DS4*00101 alleles, where protection was greatest among Caucasian individuals. Our findings suggest that KIR2DS4*00101 may offer a molecular biomarker to identify intrinsically milder forms of glioblastoma. Cancer Res; 76(18); 5326-36. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway. Division of Medicine, Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | | | - Elling Ulvestad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Vessela Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oslo University Norwegian Radium Hospital, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
| | - Morten Lund-Johansen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | | | - Per Øyvind Enger
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Neurosurgery, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gro Njølstad
- Department of Microbiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Einar Kristoffersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Stein Atle Lie
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| | - Martha Chekenya
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Faridi RM, Kemp TJ, Dharmani-Khan P, Lewis V, Tripathi G, Rajalingam R, Daly A, Berka N, Storek J, Masood Khan F. Donor-Recipient Matching for KIR Genotypes Reduces Chronic GVHD and Missing Inhibitory KIR Ligands Protect against Relapse after Myeloablative, HLA Matched Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158242. [PMID: 27341514 PMCID: PMC4920429 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) can be curative for many hematologic diseases. However, complications such as graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and relapse of primary malignancy remain significant and are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Effects of killer Ig-like receptors (KIR)-influenced NK cells on HCT outcomes have been extensively pursued over the last decade. However, the relevance of the reported algorithms on HLA matched myeloablative HCT with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) is used for GVHD prophylaxis remains elusive. Here we examined the role of KIR and KIR-ligands of donor-recipient pairs in modifying the outcomes of ATG conditioned HLA matched sibling and unrelated donor HCT. METHODS AND FINDINGS The study cohort consisted of 281 HLA matched sibling and unrelated donor-recipient pairs of first allogeneic marrow or blood stem cell transplantation allocated into 'discovery' (135 pairs) and 'validation' (146 pairs) cohorts. High resolution HLA typing was obtained from the medical charts and KIR gene repertoires were obtained by a Luminex® based SSO method. All surviving patients were followed-up for a minimum of two years. KIR and HLA class I distributions of HCT pairs were stratified as per applicable definitions and were tested for their association with cause specific outcomes [acute GVHD grade II-IV (aGVHD), chronic GVHD needing systemic therapy (cGVHD) and relapse] using a multivariate competing risks regression model as well as with survival outcomes [relapse-free survival (RFS), cGVHD & relapse free survival (cGRFS) and overall survival (OS)] by multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model. A significant association between KIR genotype mismatching (KIR-B/x donor into KIR-AA recipient or vice versa) and cGVHD was found in both discovery (p = 0.001; SHR = 2.78; 95%CI: 1.50-5.17) and validation cohorts (p = 0.005; SHR = 2.61; 95%CI: 1.33-5.11). High incidence of cGVHD associated with KIR genotype mismatching was applicable to both sibling and unrelated donors and was specific to recipients who had one or two C1 bearing HLA-C epitopes (HLA-C1/x, p = 0.001; SHR = 2.40; 95%CI: 1.42-4.06). When compared with KIR genotype mismatched transplants, HLA-C1/x patients receiving grafts from KIR genotype matched donors had a significantly improved cGRFS (p = 0.013; HR = 1.62; 95%CI: 1.11-2.39). Although there was no effect of KIR genotype matching on survival outcomes, a significantly reduced incidence of relapse (p = 0.001; SHR = 0.22; 95%CI: 0.10-0.54) and improved relapse-free survival (p = 0.038; HR = 0.40; 95%CI: 0.17-0.95) was observed with one or more missing ligands for donor inhibitory KIR among the recipients of unrelated donor transplants. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time presents the beneficial effects of KIR genotype matching in reducing cGVHD in myeloablative transplant setting using HLA matched (sibling and unrelated) donors. The findings offer a clinically applicable donor selection strategy that can help control cGVHD without affecting the risk of relapse and/or identify patients at a high risk of developing cGVHD as potential candidates for preemptive therapy. The findings also affirm the beneficial effect of one or more missing inhibitory KIR ligands in the recipient in reducing relapse and improving a relapse free survival in unrelated donor transplants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Mujeeb Faridi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Taylor J. Kemp
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Poonam Dharmani-Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Victor Lewis
- Section of Pediatric Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplant, Department of Oncology and Pediatrics, Alberta Children's Hospital, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gaurav Tripathi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raja Rajalingam
- Immunogenetics and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Andrew Daly
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Foothills Hospital and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Noureddine Berka
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calgary Laboratory Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jan Storek
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Departments of Medicine and Oncology, Foothills Hospital and Tom Baker Cancer Centre, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Faisal Masood Khan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Calgary Laboratory Services, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Human Cytomegalovirus Infection Enhances NK Cell Activity In Vitro. Transplant Direct 2016; 2:e89. [PMID: 27830183 PMCID: PMC5087575 DOI: 10.1097/txd.0000000000000605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Supplemental digital content is available in the text. Background Occurring frequently after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, cytomegalovirus (CMV) replication remains a relevant cause of mortality and morbidity in affected patients. Despite these adverse effects, an increased alloreactivity of natural killer (NK) cells after CMV infection has been assumed, but the underlying physiopathological mechanisms have remained elusive. Methods We used serial analyses of NK cells before and after CMV infection in kidney transplant recipients as an in vivo model for CMV primary infection to explore the imprint of CMV infection using every patient as their own control: We analyzed NK cell phenotype and function in 47 CMV seronegative recipients of CMV seropositive kidney grafts, who developed CMV primary infection posttransplant. Seronegative recipients of seronegative kidney grafts served as controls. Results We observed a significant increase of NKG2C expressing NK cells after CMV infection (mean increase, 17.5%; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 10.2-24.9, P < 0.001), whereas cluster of differentiation (CD)57 expressing cells decreased (mean decrease, 14.1%; 95% CI, 8.0-20.2; P < 0.001). Analysis of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) expression showed an increase of cells expressing KIR2DL1 as their only inhibitory KIR in patients carrying the cognate ligand HLA-C2 (mean increase, 10.0%; 95% CI, 1.7-18.3; P = 0.018). In C2-negative individuals, KIR2DL1 expression decreased (mean decrease, 3.9%; 95% CI, 1.6-6.2; P = 0.001). As for activating KIR, there was no conclusive change pattern. Most importantly, we observed a significantly higher NK cell degranulation and IFNγ production in response to different target cells (target K562, CD107a: mean increase, 9.9%; 95% CI, 4.8-15.0; P < 0.001; IFNγ: mean increase, 6.6%; 95% CI, 1.6-11.1; P < 0.001; target MRC-5, CD107a: mean increase, 6.9%; 95% CI, 0.7-13.1; P = 0.03; IFNγ: mean increase, 4.8%; 95% CI, 1.7-7.8; P = 0.002). Conclusions We report evidence for an increased function of NK cells induced by CMV infection. This increased in vitro functionality was seen in NKG2C-positive and NKG2C-negative subsets, arguing for an NKG2C independent mechanism of action.
Collapse
|
25
|
Alvarado-Hernández DL, Benítez-Sánchez A, Rodríguez-Cuevas JS, Rosales-Saavedra T, Guerra-Palomares SE, Comas-García A, Noyola DE, García-Sepúlveda CA. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and cytomegalovirus reactivation during late pregnancy. Int J Immunogenet 2016; 43:189-99. [PMID: 27277336 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) represents an important public health concern as it is associated with severe morbidity and mortality in transplant recipients, HIV-infected individuals and pregnant women given the risk of congenital infection. Congenital CMV is a leading cause of neurological sequelae, developmental delay and birth defects worldwide. Cytomegalovirus can be transmitted to the foetus following maternal infection or reactivation. NK cells expressing killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) are part of the innate immune system and the first line of defence against viral incursions. Previous reports have shown that KIR genes are associated with CMV infections in the post-transplant setting. In this study, we set out to determine whether a protective effect of KIR genes over CMV infection is seen in Mexican pregnant women. Cytomegalovirus infection was assessed through nucleic acid testing in 200 pregnant women and 600 healthy blood donors comprising the Mexican mestizo reference population. Killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors and HLA-C genotypes were obtained from 200 pregnant women and 300 reference samples using a comprehensive PCR-SSP approach. We observed statistically lower carrier frequencies of cB03|tA01 gene-content haplotype, of cB03 haplotype motif, of the KIR2DL5 + 2DS3/2DS5 gene pair and of KIR2DL5 amongst CMV-positive pregnant women in comparison with those CMV negative. None of these were associated with CMV status in the reference population. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the most important factor determining CMV status during third-trimester pregnancies was the KIR2DL5 + 2DS3/2DS5 gene pair (OR 0.376 (95%CI 0.174, 0.811, P = 0.013). Our results indicate that CMV-protective KIR gene associations described in Caucasoid populations are also present in the genetically distinct Mexican mestizo population. Our results suggest that certain KIR gene combinations provide protection against CMV infections occurring during late-term pregnancies, a finding of utmost epidemiological importance given its implication with congenital CMV infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D L Alvarado-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Benítez-Sánchez
- División de Gineco-Obstetricia, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, México
| | - J S Rodríguez-Cuevas
- División de Gineco-Obstetricia, Hospital Central 'Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto', San Luis Potosí, México
| | - T Rosales-Saavedra
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - S E Guerra-Palomares
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - A Comas-García
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - D E Noyola
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - C A García-Sepúlveda
- Laboratorio de Genómica Viral y Humana, Facultad de Medicina UASLP, San Luis Potosí, México
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Michelo CM, van der Meer A, Tijssen HJ, Zomer R, Stelma F, Hilbrands LB, Joosten I. KIR and Human Leukocyte Antigen Genotype Associated Risk of Cytomegalovirus Disease in Renal Transplant Patients. Transplantation 2016; 99:1506-13. [PMID: 25427165 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000000497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus(CMV) infections have a significant effect on morbidity and mortality in kidney transplants. We conducted a study to ascertain the association of natural killer cell killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype with risk of CMV disease. METHODS The 90 CMV-negative patients receiving a first renal transplantation from a CMV-positive donor in this study received triple immunosuppressive therapy and prophylactic CMV treatment for up to 3 months after transplantation. RESULTS We observed a 43.3% incidence rate of CMV disease within the first year after transplantation. Twenty-seven recipients experienced a rejection episode, 14 of which had CMV disease, mostly after rejection, suggesting that in this group, CMV disease is not a risk factor for rejection. KIR gene or genotype distribution were similar between the CMV diseased and CMV disease-free group. Twenty-seven recipients (30%) carried KIR-AA genotype, of which nine (33%) had CMV disease. Of the remaining 63 (70%) recipients with KIR-BX genotype, 30 (48%) had CMV disease. There was no significant difference between the two genotype groups with regard to occurrence of CMV disease, although there was a trend toward a lower incidence of CMV disease in recipients carrying the KIR-AA genotype. For CMV disease, we found no significant risk associated with the number of activating or inhibitory KIRs. Neither was missing KIR ligands for the inhibitory KIRs (HLA-C1/C2/Bw4) in recipients associated with lower rates of CMV disease. CONCLUSION In CMV-negative recipients, genotypic analysis of KIR repertoire and HLA ligands does not provide risk factors for primary CMV disease after renal transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clive M Michelo
- 1 Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. 3 Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Rocha V, Ruggeri A, Spellman S, Wang T, Sobecks R, Locatelli F, Askar M, Michel G, Arcese W, Iori AP, Purtill D, Danby R, Sanz GF, Gluckman E, Eapen M. Killer Cell Immunoglobulin-Like Receptor-Ligand Matching and Outcomes after Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2016; 22:1284-1289. [PMID: 27090957 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR)-ligand matching on outcomes after unrelated cord blood (CB) transplantation was studied in 461 patients with acute myeloid leukemia, categorizing KIR ligand for HLA-C groups C1 and C2 and Bw4. Donor-recipient HLA matching considered allele-level matching at HLA-A, -B, -C, and -DRB1. Separate analyses were conducted for 6-7/8 HLA-matched and 3-5/8 HLA-matched transplants because HLA matching confounded KIR-ligand matching (ie, KIR-ligand mismatching was less likely with better HLA matching). All patients received single CB unit and myeloablative conditioning. There were no significant differences in nonrelapse mortality (NRM), relapse, and overall mortality by KIR-ligand match status. However, among recipients of 3-5/8 HLA-matched transplants, NRM (HR, 2.26; P = .008) and overall mortality (HR, 1.78; P = .008) but not relapse were higher with KIR-ligand mismatched (host-versus-graft direction) compared with KIR-ligand matched transplants. These data do not support selecting CB units based on KIR-ligand match status for transplants mismatched at 1 or 2 HLA loci. Although transplants mismatched at 3 or more HLA loci are not recommended, avoiding KIR-ligand mismatching in this setting lowers mortality risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vanderson Rocha
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Churchill Hospital and NHSBT, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Annalisa Ruggeri
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Service d'Hematologie et therapie cellulaire, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Stephen Spellman
- Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research, National Marrow Donor Program, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Tao Wang
- Division of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Ronald Sobecks
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Franco Locatelli
- IRCCS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome and University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Gerard Michel
- Service d'hematologie, La Timone Hospital, University Hospital of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - William Arcese
- BMT Unit, Rome Transplant Network, University "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Paola Iori
- Dipartimento di Ematologia, University of Rome, La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Robert Danby
- Churchill Hospital and NHSBT, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Guillermo F Sanz
- Hematology and Trasnplant Unit, Hospital Universitario La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Eliane Gluckman
- Eurocord, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France; Monacord, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco
| | - Mary Eapen
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mehta RS, Shpall EJ, Rezvani K. Cord Blood as a Source of Natural Killer Cells. Front Med (Lausanne) 2016; 2:93. [PMID: 26779484 PMCID: PMC4700256 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2015.00093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cord blood (CB) offers several unique advantages as a graft source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The risk of relapse and graft vs. host disease after cord blood transplantation (CBT) is lower than what is typically observed after other graft sources with a similar degree of human leukocyte antigen mismatch. Natural killer (NK) cells have a well-defined role in both innate and adaptive immunity and as the first lymphocytes to reconstitute after HSCT and CBT, and they play a significant role in protection against early relapse. In this article, we highlight the uses of CB NK cells in transplantation and adoptive immunotherapy. First, we will describe differences in the phenotype and functional characteristics of NK cells in CB as compared with peripheral blood. Then, we will review some of the obstacles we face in using resting CB NK cells for adoptive immunotherapy, and discuss methods to overcome them. We will review the current literature on killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors ligand mismatch and outcomes after CBT. Finally, we will touch on current strategies for the use of CB NK cells in cellular immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rohtesh S Mehta
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical Center , Minneapolis, MN , USA
| | - Elizabeth J Shpall
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center , Houston, TX , USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Nishihori T, Shaheen M, El-Asmar J, Aljurf M, Kharfan-Dabaja MA. Therapeutic strategies for cytomegalovirus in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Immunotherapy 2015; 7:1059-71. [PMID: 26507225 DOI: 10.2217/imt.15.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Advances in surveillance of cytomegalovirus reactivation using sensitive techniques and a preemptive strategy to treat virus reactivation has reduced incidence of cytomegalovirus end organ disease. However, severe immunosuppression associated with extensive T-cell depletion resulting from graft-versus-host disease prevention for cases of mismatched or others such as haploidentical allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) and graft-versus-host disease therapy itself create clinical challenges in managing cytomegalovirus infection. Novel anticytomegalovirus therapies including newer pharmacologic interventions, vaccines, and adoptive cellular therapies to restore anticytomegalovirus immunity appear promising and are expected to continue to shape our treatment armamentarium. Eradication of CMV disease altogether, rather than simply suppressing viremia, should be the ultimate desirable goal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Taiga Nishihori
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marwan Shaheen
- Section of Adult Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jessica El-Asmar
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mahmoud Aljurf
- Section of Adult Hematology and Blood & Marrow Transplantation, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Kharfan-Dabaja
- Department of Blood & Marrow Transplantation, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center, 12902 Magnolia Drive, FOB-3, Tampa, FL, USA.,Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wu X, Yao Y, Bao X, Zhou H, Tang X, Han Y, Ma X, Liu Y, Chen J, Zhou H, Jing S, Gu B, Xu Y, Sun A, He J, Wu D. KIR2DS4 and Its Variant KIR1D Are Associated with Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease, Cytomegalovirus, and Overall Survival after Sibling-Related HLA-Matched Transplantation in Patients with Donors with KIR Gene Haplotype A. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2015; 22:220-225. [PMID: 26476204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Outcomes for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in various donor and recipient killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genotypes have been studied extensively. The associations between KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D with outcomes of HSCT from a sibling-related HLA-matched donor with KIR haplotype A have not been explored, however. To study this, we genotyped donor-recipient pairs and divided 165 recipients of HSCT from a KIR gene haplotype A donor into 3 groups: 2DS4+/2DS4+ (2 intact KIR2DS4 alleles), 2DS4+/1D+ (heterozygous), and 1D+/1D+ (homozygous for the deletion variant KIR1D). No difference in the recovery of neutrophils and platelets among the 3 groups was observed. The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) within day +100 was 28.94% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 14.11% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 44.44% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0159). Multivariate analysis identified 1D+/1D+ as an independent risk factor for aGVHD (hazard ratio [HR], 4.221; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.470 to 12.124; P = .007). In contrast, the cumulative incidences of chronic GVHD, 3-year cumulative relapse, and treatment-related mortality did not differ significantly among the 3 groups. The rate of cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivation was 46.96% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 20.16% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 53.25% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0017). Multivariate analysis identified 2DS4+/1D+ as an independent protective factor for CMV reactivation (HR, 0.268; 95% CI, 0.125 to 0.574; P = .001). Although overall survival (OS) did not differ among the groups in the first year, the 2DS4(+)/2DS4(+) group had significantly better OS than the other groups after 1 year (P = .0361). In patients with advanced-stage disease, the 3-year probability of disease-free survival was 51.06% in the 2DS4+/2DS4+ group, 34.01% in the 2DS4+/1D+ group, and 0% in the 1D+/1D+ group (P = .0314). Collectively, our data suggest that the KIR 2DS4/1D allelic variance is associated with the outcome of sibling-related HLA-matched HSCT, and that donor subclassification of KIR 2DS4/1D alleles should be considered in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Yao
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Bao
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Huifeng Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yue Han
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Chen
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Haixia Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Song Jing
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing Gu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Aining Sun
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China; HLA Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Depei Wu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Park S, Kim K, Jang JH, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Kang ES, Jung CW. KIR alloreactivity based on the receptor-ligand model is associated with improved clinical outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: Result of single center prospective study. Hum Immunol 2015; 76:636-43. [PMID: 26407827 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 09/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Receptors on natural killer (NK) cells, named killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs), recognize HLA class I alleles. Patients (n=59) who received allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) from either a related (n=17) or unrelated donor (n=42) in Samsung Medical Center (Seoul, South Korea) were included. KIR mismatch was defined as incompatibility between the donor KIR and recipient KIR ligand (receptor-ligand model), and all cases were classified into the two broad haplotypes of KIR A and B. Patients with acute leukemia (n=51, 86.4%) or myelodysplastic syndrome (n=8, 13.6%) were included. Peripheral blood was used as the source of stem cells in all patients. Kaplan-Meier survival curves for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) favored recipients with a KIR-mismatched donor, although the differences were not statistically significant. In multivariate analysis, KIR mismatch was an independent prognostic indicator of a better OS (P=0.010, HR=0.148, 95% CI 0.034-0.639), DFS (P=0.022, HR=0.237, 95% CI 0.069-0.815), and CIR (P=0.031, HR=0.117, 95% CI 0.017-0.823). OS, DFS, and CIR did not differ significantly between the KIR A and B haplotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyun Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Jang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Suk Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chul Won Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University of School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schafer JL, Ries M, Guha N, Connole M, Colantonio AD, Wiertz EJ, Wilson NA, Kaur A, Evans DT. Suppression of a Natural Killer Cell Response by Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Peptides. PLoS Pathog 2015; 11:e1005145. [PMID: 26333068 PMCID: PMC4557930 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell responses in primates are regulated in part through interactions between two highly polymorphic molecules, the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands on target cells. We previously reported that the binding of a common MHC class I molecule in the rhesus macaque, Mamu-A1*002, to the inhibitory receptor Mamu-KIR3DL05 is stabilized by certain simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) peptides, but not by others. Here we investigated the functional implications of these interactions by testing SIV peptides bound by Mamu-A1*002 for the ability to modulate Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cell responses. Twenty-eight of 75 SIV peptides bound by Mamu-A1*002 suppressed the cytolytic activity of primary Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells, including three immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes previously shown to stabilize Mamu-A1*002 tetramer binding to Mamu-KIR3DL05. Substitutions at C-terminal positions changed inhibitory peptides into disinhibitory peptides, and vice versa, without altering binding to Mamu-A1*002. The functional effects of these peptide variants on NK cell responses also corresponded to their effects on Mamu-A1*002 tetramer binding to Mamu-KIR3DL05. In assays with mixtures of inhibitory and disinhibitory peptides, low concentrations of inhibitory peptides dominated to suppress NK cell responses. Consistent with the inhibition of Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells by viral epitopes presented by Mamu-A1*002, SIV replication was significantly higher in Mamu-A1*002+ CD4+ lymphocytes co-cultured with Mamu-KIR3DL05+ NK cells than with Mamu-KIR3DL05- NK cells. These results demonstrate that viral peptides can differentially affect NK cell responses by modulating MHC class I interactions with inhibitory KIRs, and provide a mechanism by which immunodeficiency viruses may evade NK cell responses. Natural killer (NK) cells recognize and kill infected cells without prior antigenic stimulation, and thus provide an important early defense against virus infection. NK cell responses in primates are regulated in part through interactions between two highly polymorphic molecules, the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) on NK cells and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands on target cells. Inhibitory KIRs normally suppress NK cell responses through interactions with their MHC class I ligands on the surface of healthy cells. However, when these interactions are perturbed, this inhibition is lost resulting in NK cell activation and killing of the target cell. We investigated the functional implications of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) peptides bound by a common MHC class I molecule in the rhesus macaque that stabilize or disrupt binding to an inhibitory KIR. Whereas SIV peptides that stabilized KIR-MHC class I binding suppressed NK cell activation, peptides that disrupted this interaction did not and resulted in NK cell lysis. These findings demonstrate that viral peptides can modulate NK cell responses through KIR-MHC class I interactions, and are consistent with the possibility that human and simian immunodeficiency viruses may acquire changes in epitopes that increase the binding of MHC class I ligands to inhibitory KIRs as a mechanism to suppress NK cell responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L. Schafer
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Moritz Ries
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Natasha Guha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michelle Connole
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Arnaud D. Colantonio
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Emmanuel J. Wiertz
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nancy A. Wilson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amitinder Kaur
- Division of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, New England Primate Research Center, Southborough, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in immune responses through direct cytotoxicity and the release of cytokines that prime adaptive immunity. In simian primates, NK cell responses are regulated by interactions between two highly polymorphic sets of molecules: the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I ligands. KIR-MHC class I interactions in humans have been implicated in the outcome of a number viral diseases and cancers. However, studies to address the role of KIRs in animal models have been limited by the complex immunogenetics and lack of defined ligands for KIRs in non-human primates. Due to the rapid evolution of KIRs, there is little conservation among the KIR genes of different primate species and it is not possible to predict the specificity of KIRs from known KIR-MHC class I interactions in humans. Hence, the MHC class I ligands for KIRs in species other than humans are poorly defined. Here, we review the KIR genes of the rhesus macaque, an important animal model for human immunodeficiency virus infection and other infectious diseases, and the MHC class I ligands that have been identified for KIRs in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N. Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239
| | - David T. Evans
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor gene repertoire influences viral load of primary human cytomegalovirus infection in renal transplant patients. Genes Immun 2014; 15:562-8. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
35
|
Gonzalez A, Schmitter K, Hirsch HH, Garzoni C, van Delden C, Boggian K, Mueller NJ, Berger C, Villard J, Manuel O, Meylan P, Stern M, Hess C. KIR-associated protection from CMV replication requires pre-existing immunity: a prospective study in solid organ transplant recipients. Genes Immun 2014; 15:495-9. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2014.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
36
|
Davies JOJ, Stringaris K, Barrett AJ, Rezvani K. Opportunities and limitations of natural killer cells as adoptive therapy for malignant disease. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1453-1466. [PMID: 24856895 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Although natural killer (NK) cells can be readily generated for adoptive therapy with current techniques, their optimal application to treat malignant diseases requires an appreciation of the dynamic balance between signals that either synergize with or antagonize each other. Individuals display wide differences in NK function that determine their therapeutic efficacy. The ability of NK cells to kill target cells or produce cytokines depends on the balance between signals from activating and inhibitory cell-surface receptors. The selection of NK cells with a predominant activating profile is critical for delivering successful anti-tumor activity. This can be achieved through selection of killer immunoglobulin-like receptor-mismatched NK donors and by use of blocking molecules against inhibitory pathways. Optimum NK cytotoxicity may require licensing or priming with tumor cells. Recent discoveries in the molecular and cellular biology of NK cells inform in the design of new strategies, including adjuvant therapies, to maximize the cytotoxic potential of NK cells for adoptive transfer to treat human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James O J Davies
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kate Stringaris
- Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A John Barrett
- Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katayoun Rezvani
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chouaib S, Pittari G, Nanbakhsh A, El Ayoubi H, Amsellem S, Bourhis JH, Spanholtz J. Improving the outcome of leukemia by natural killer cell-based immunotherapeutic strategies. Front Immunol 2014; 5:95. [PMID: 24672522 PMCID: PMC3956082 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Blurring the boundary between innate and adaptive immune system, natural killer (NK) cells are widely recognized as potent anti-leukemia mediators. Alloreactive donor NK cells have been shown to improve the outcome of allogeneic stem-cell transplantation for leukemia. In addition, in vivo transfer of NK cells may soon reveal an important therapeutic tool for leukemia, if tolerance to NK-mediated anti-leukemia effects is overcome. This will require, at a minimum, the ex vivo generation of a clinically safe NK cell product containing adequate numbers of NK cells with robust anti-leukemia potential. Ideally, ex vivo generated NK cells should also have similar anti-leukemia potential in different patients, and be easy to obtain for convenient clinical scale-up. Moreover, optimal clinical protocols for NK therapy in leukemia and other cancers are still lacking. These and other issues are being currently addressed by multiple research groups. This review will first describe current laboratory NK cell expansion and differentiation techniques by separately addressing different NK cell sources. Subsequently, it will address the mechanisms known to be responsible for NK cell alloreactivity, as well as their clinical impact in the hematopoietic stem cells transplantation setting. Finally, it will briefly provide insight on past NK-based clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Salem Chouaib
- INSERM U753, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Gianfranco Pittari
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Arash Nanbakhsh
- INSERM U753, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Hanadi El Ayoubi
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Cancer Care and Research, Hamad Medical Corporation , Doha , Qatar
| | - Sophie Amsellem
- Centre d'Investigation Clinique Biothérapies, Institut Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Jean-Henri Bourhis
- Département d'Hématologie Clinique, Institut de Cancérologie Gustave Roussy , Villejuif , France
| | - Jan Spanholtz
- Glycostem Therapeutics , Hertogenbosch , Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
van Duin D, Avery RK, Hemachandra S, Yen-Lieberman B, Zhang A, Jain A, Butler RS, Barnard J, Schold JD, Fung J, Askar M. KIR and HLA interactions are associated with control of primary CMV infection in solid organ transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:156-62. [PMID: 24369024 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection remains a major source of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplant recipients. Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors(KIR) are genetically polymorphic natural killer(NK) cell receptors important in antiviral responses. A retrospective, single-center cohort study was performed to study the interaction of KIR genotype and primary control of CMV infection after transplantation.Time to first CMV viremia was determined for a cohort of 531 CMV serology donor positive/recipient negative solid organ transplant recipients. Of the KIR genes,KIR2DL3 and KIR2DS2 were most strongly associated with time to CMV viremia in random survival forest analysis. As KIR2DL3 and KIR2DS2 both interact with HLA-C1, these interactions were evaluated. Seventy six recipients were found to be positive for both KIR2DL3 and KIR2DS2 and expressed only HLA-C1 antigens in both recipient and donor. These patients had a substantially reduced hazard of CMV viremia in the first year after solid organ transplantation (hazard ratio 0.44, 95% CI 0.27–0.72, p=0.0012). In KIR2DL3+/KIR2DS2+/HLA-C1/1 recipients who received an organ from a non-C1/1 donor, this protective effect was not observed. These results improve our understanding of human NK cell function in primary CMV infection after transplant.
Collapse
|
39
|
Chimerism in children with primary immunodeficiencies is influenced by number of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in the donor and/or killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor ligand mismatch. Transplant Proc 2013; 45:3366-70. [PMID: 24182817 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2013.07.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is a curative treatment for children with primary immunodeficiencies. METHODS The present retrospective analysis describes the long-term outcomes at a median follow-up of 9 years of 29 patients with immunodeficiency after SCT; 5 sibling and 24 alternative donor transplantations. T-cell engraftment emphazed on thymic dependent signal-joint T-cell receptor excision circles (sjTREC) generation and donor chimerism in relation to killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and their ligands. RESULTS All children except two were reconstituted successfully from grafted material, including 9 and 18 cases of mixed chimerism (MC) and complete chimerism (CC), respectively. Univariate analyses showed that the number of activating KIR genes or HLA-C1/C2 ligand mismatches (P = .048) and possibly transplantation from an alternative donor (P = .054) facilitated CC development. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of donor KIR haplotype B or incompatibility within C1/C2 ligands (relative risk, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-34.69; P = .025) were significantly associated with the development of CC. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that the donor-activating KIR gene repertoire affected successful engraftment.
Collapse
|
40
|
Djaoud Z, David G, Bressollette C, Willem C, Rettman P, Gagne K, Legrand N, Mehlal S, Cesbron A, Imbert-Marcille BM, Retière C. Amplified NKG2C+ NK cells in cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection preferentially express killer cell Ig-like receptor 2DL: functional impact in controlling CMV-infected dendritic cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2708-16. [PMID: 23918974 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CMV infection represents a major complication in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, which compromises graft outcome. Downregulation of HLA class I expression is one mechanism by which CMV evades T cell-mediated immune detection, rendering infected cells vulnerable to killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)(+) NK cells. In this study, we observed that the amplified NKG2C(+) NK cell population observed specifically in CMV seropositive individuals mainly expressed KIR2DL receptors. We have shown that HLA class I expression was downregulated on CMV-infected immature dendritic cells (iDCs), which escape to HLA-A2-pp65-specific T lymphocytes but strongly trigger the degranulation of KIR2D(+) NK cells. CMV infection conferred a vulnerability of C2C2(+) iDCs to educated KIR2DL1(+) and KIR2DL3(+) NK cell subsets. Alloreactivity of KIR2DL1(+) NK cell subsets against C1C1(+) iDCs was maintained independently of CMV infection. Unexpectedly, CMV-infected C1C1(+) iDCs did not activate KIR2DL3(+) NK cell reactivity, suggesting a potential CMV evasion to KIR2DL3 NK cell recognition. Altogether, the coexpression of KIR and NKG2C on expanded NK cell subsets could be related to a functional contribution of KIR in CMV infection and should be investigated in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in which the beneficial impact of CMV infection has been reported on the graft-versus-leukemia effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zakia Djaoud
- Etablissement Français du Sang-Pays de la Loire, EA4271, Immunovirologie et Polymorphisme Génétique, 44011 Nantes Cedex 01, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Behrendt CE, Nakamura R, Forman SJ, Zaia JA. Donor killer immunoglobulin-like receptor genes and reactivation of cytomegalovirus after HLA-matched hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation: HLA-C allotype is an essential cofactor. Front Immunol 2013; 4:36. [PMID: 23440333 PMCID: PMC3578282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells whose killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) recognize human leukocyte antigen (HLA) ligand are “licensed” for activity. In contrast, non-licensed NK cells display KIRs for which ligand is absent from the self genotype and are usually hyporesponsive. Surprisingly, non-licensed cells are active in tumor control after hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) and dominate NK response to murine cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. From those reports, we hypothesized that control of human CMV early after HSCT is influenced by donor KIR genes whose HLA ligand is absent-from-genotype of HLA-matched donor and recipient. To investigate, we studied CMV reactivation through Day 100 after grafts involving CMV-seropositive donor and/or recipient. A multivariate proportional rates model controlled for variability in surveillance and established covariates including acute graft-versus-host disease; statistical significance was adjusted for testing of multiple KIRs with identified HLA class I ligand (2DL1, 2DL2/3, 2DS1, 2DS2, full-length 2DS4, 3DL1/3DS1, 3DL2). Among HSCT recipients (n = 286), CMV reactivation-free survival time varied with individual donor KIR genes evolutionarily specific for HLA-C: when ligand was absent from the donor/recipient genotype, inhibitory KIRs 2DL2 (P < 0.0001) and 2DL1 (P = 0.015) each predicted inferior outcome, and activating KIRs 2DS2 (P < 0.0001), 2DS1 (P = 0.016), and 2DS4 (P = 0.016) each predicted superior outcome. Otherwise, with ligand present-in-genotype, donor KIR genes had no effect. In conclusion, early after HLA-matched HSCT, individual inhibitory and activating KIR genes have qualitatively different effects on risk of CMV reactivation; unexpectedly, absence of HLA-C ligand from the donor/recipient genotype constitutes an essential cofactor in these associations. Being KIR- and HLA-C-specific, these findings are independent of licensing via alternate NK cell receptors (NKG2A, NKG2C) that recognize HLA-E.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Behrendt
- Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, City of Hope Duarte, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Palmer JM, Rajasekaran K, Thakar MS, Malarkannan S. Clinical relevance of natural killer cells following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. J Cancer 2012; 4:25-35. [PMID: 23386902 PMCID: PMC3564244 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are one of the first cells to recover following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and are believed to play an important role in facilitating engraftment or preventing post-transplant infection and tumor recurrence. Recent studies have provided novel insights into the mechanisms by which NK cells mediate these highly clinically relevant immunological functions. In particular, the ability of NK cells to reduce the risk of graft versus host disease (GVHD) and increase the graft versus leukemia effect (GVL) in the setting of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-haploidentical HSCT highlights their clinical potentials. NK cells also mediate anti-viral protection, in particular against cytomegalovirus (CMV), an infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality following transplant. Another crucial function of NK cells is providing protection against bacterial infections at the mucosal barriers. NK cells achieve this by promoting anti-microbial defenses and regeneration of epithelial cells. These recent exciting findings provide a strong basis for the formulation of novel NK cell-based immunotherapies. In this review, we summarize the recent advances related to the mechanisms, functions, and future clinical prospects of NK cells that can impact post-transplant outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne M Palmer
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- 2. Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Kamalakannan Rajasekaran
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Monica S Thakar
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- 3. Departments of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- 1. Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Blood Research Institute, 8727 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- 2. Departments of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Moesta AK, Parham P. Diverse functionality among human NK cell receptors for the C1 epitope of HLA-C: KIR2DS2, KIR2DL2, and KIR2DL3. Front Immunol 2012. [PMID: 23189078 PMCID: PMC3504360 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2012.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interactions between killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA-A, -B, and -C ligands diversify the functions of human natural killer cells. Consequently, combinations of KIR and HLA genotypes affect resistance to infection and autoimmunity, success of reproduction and outcome of hematopoietic cell transplantation. HLA-C, with its C1 and C2 epitopes, evolved in hominids to be specialized KIR ligands. The system’s foundation was the C1 epitope, with C2 a later addition, by several million years. The human inhibitory receptor for C1 is encoded by KIR2DL2/3, a gene having two divergent allelic lineages: KIR2DL2 is a B KIR haplotype component and KIR2DL3 an A KIR haplotype component. Although KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3 exhibit quantitative differences in specificity and avidity for HLA-C, they qualitatively differ in their genetics, functional effect, and clinical influence. This is due to linkage disequilibrium between KIR2DL2 and KIR2DS2, a closely related activating receptor that was selected for lost recognition of HLA-C.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Achim K Moesta
- Genome Analysis Unit, Discovery Research, Amgen Inc., South San Francisco , CA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a potentially life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Many genes are presumed to be involved in GVHD, but the best characterized genetic system is that of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) located on chromosome 6. Among the hundreds of genes located within the MHC region, the best known and characterized are the classical HLA genes, HLA-A, C, B, DRB1, DQB1, and DPB1. They play a fundamental role in T cell immune responses, and HLA-A, C, and B also function as ligands for the natural killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors involved in innate immunity. This review highlights the state-of-the art in the field of histocompatibility and immunogenetics of the MHC with respect to genetic risk factors for GVHD.
Collapse
|
45
|
Gallez-Hawkins GM, Li X, Franck AE, Gendzekhadze K, Nakamura R, Forman SJ, Senitzer D, Zaia JA. KIR2DS2 and KIR2DS4 promoter hypomethylation patterns in patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Hum Immunol 2012; 73:1109-15. [PMID: 22939905 PMCID: PMC3478408 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2012.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR)-MHC class I pathway is an integral part of natural killer cell immunity, and its role in host protection from both cancer and infection is important. In addition, we have shown elevated KIR2DS2 and 2DS4 expression in PBMCs of patients undergoing hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) [1]. Since all inhibitory KIR promoters are known to be heavily methylated, the question asked here is how and when KIR2DS2 and 2DS4 promoters had changed their methylation profile in association with HCT. Genomic DNA, extracted from 20 KIR2DS2/4+ donor and recipient cells, was treated with sodium bisulfate that will modify the unmethylated cytosine into uracil. Sequencing chromatographs were examined for C/T double peak indicative of base conversion. A CpG island in KIR2DS2 promoter spans from -160 to +26 with six cytosine sites. In contrast, the KIR2DS4 promoter CpG island contains three cytosine sites. The noted increase of unmethylated sites was associated with increased KIR expression as measured by mRNA-cDNA Q-PCR. In addition, the frequency of unmethylated sites in the CpG island was increased after HCT. The mechanism through which hypomethylation occurs after HCT is not known but it suggests a linkage to NK clonal expansion during the process of NK education in response to transplant therapy or viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Xiuli Li
- CMV Laboratory in the Department of Virology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Anne E. Franck
- CMV Laboratory in the Department of Virology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ketevan Gendzekhadze
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Ryotaro Nakamura
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - Stephen J. Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - David Senitzer
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| | - John A. Zaia
- CMV Laboratory in the Department of Virology, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Biology of plasmacytoid dendritic cells and natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection. Curr Opin HIV AIDS 2012; 2:189-200. [PMID: 19372886 DOI: 10.1097/coh.0b013e32810996db] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review summarizes recent literature on the biology of dendritic cells and natural killer cells in HIV-1 infection and the importance of crosstalk between them in the development of strong antiviral immunity. RECENT FINDINGS Type I interferons produced by dendritic cells in response to HIV-1 have been suggested to act as a double-edged sword, stemming HIV-1 replication on the one hand and causing T-cell loss on the other. Recent epidemiologic evidence demonstrates a strong association between the natural killer cell receptor KIR3DS1 (along with its presumed ligand HLA-B Bw4-80I) in the control of HIV-1 replication. SUMMARY Dendritic and natural killer cells play a central role in the innate immune response to viral infections through both the direct elimination of infected cells and modulation of each other's function.
Collapse
|
47
|
Beating the odds: factors implicated in the speed and availability of unrelated haematopoietic cell donor provision. Bone Marrow Transplant 2012; 48:210-9. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2012.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
48
|
Vivier E, Ugolini S, Blaise D, Chabannon C, Brossay L. Targeting natural killer cells and natural killer T cells in cancer. Nat Rev Immunol 2012; 12:239-52. [PMID: 22437937 DOI: 10.1038/nri3174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells and natural killer T (NKT) cells are subsets of lymphocytes that share some phenotypical and functional similarities. Both cell types can rapidly respond to the presence of tumour cells and participate in antitumour immune responses. This has prompted interest in the development of innovative cancer therapies that are based on the manipulation of NK and NKT cells. Recent studies have highlighted how the immune reactivity of NK and NKT cells is shaped by the environment in which they develop. The rational use of these cells in cancer immunotherapies awaits a better understanding of their effector functions, migratory patterns and survival properties in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Vivier
- Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy, Université d'Aix-Marseille, Marseille, France.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Hoegh-Petersen M, Roa L, Liu Y, Zhou F, Ugarte-Torres A, Louie P, Fonseca K, Khan F, Russell JA, Storek J. Low cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell counts at reactivation are associated with progression to high-level viremia or disease in seropositive recipients of hematopoietic cell grafts from seropositive but not seronegative donors. Cytotherapy 2012; 14:194-204. [DOI: 10.3109/14653249.2011.634402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
50
|
Clinical production and therapeutic applications of alloreactive natural killer cells. Methods Mol Biol 2012; 882:491-507. [PMID: 22665252 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-842-9_28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have improved our understanding of natural killer (NK) cell-mediated alloreactivity after hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or with adoptive transfer. NK cells contribute to a graft-versus-leukemia effect and may play a role in preventing graft-versus-host disease or controlling infectious diseases after allogeneic HCT. New discoveries in NK cell biology, including characterization of NK cell receptors and their interactions with self-HLA molecules and a better understanding of the mechanism of NK cell education have led to the development of novel strategies to exploit NK cell alloreactivity against tumors. While early studies using autologous NK cells lacked efficacy, the use of adoptively transferred NK cells to treat hematopoietic malignancies has been expanding. The production of allogeneic donor NK cells requires efficient removal of T- and B cells from clinical-scale leukapheresis collections. The goal of this chapter is to review NK cell biology, NK cell receptors, the use of NK cells as therapy and then to discuss the clinical decisions resulting in our current good manufacturing practices processing and activation of human NK cells for therapeutic use.
Collapse
|