1
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Jeong GH, Bak DH, Lee H, Cho JY, Kang SH, Chung BY, Park S, Bai HW. Anti-cancer effects of plant-derived Micromonospora sp. M2 against A549 and MCF-7 cell lines. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:608-619. [PMID: 38573835 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The huge diversity of secondary bioactive metabolites, such as antibiotic and anticancer compounds produced by Micromonospora sp., makes it an attractive target for study. Here, we explored the anti-proliferative activities of Micromonospora sp. M2 extract (MBE) in relation to its pro-oxidative activities in A549 and MCF7 cell lines. Anti-proliferative effects were assessed by treating cells with MBE. We found that treatment with MBE decreased cell proliferation and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species, and that these observations were facilitated by the suppression of the PI3K-AKT pathway, alterations to the Bcl/Bad ratio, and increased caspase activity. These observations also demonstrated that MBE induced apoptotic cell death in cell lines. In addition, the phosphorylation of P38 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were upregulated following MBE treatment in both cell lines. Collectively, these results indicate that MBE acts as an anticancer agent via oxidative stress and JNK/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway activation, enhancing apoptotic cell death in cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong Han Jeong
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Bak
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanui Lee
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Center of Ecomimetics, College of Natural Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja Young Cho
- Bacteria Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hee Kang
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yeoup Chung
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghwa Park
- Bacteria Research Team, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources (NNIBR), Sangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Woo Bai
- Research division for Biotechnology, Advanced Radiation Technology Institute (ARTI), Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
- Radiation Biotechnology and Applied Radioisotope Science, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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2
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Wang WC, Huang CH, Chung HH, Chen PL, Hu FR, Yang CH, Yang CM, Lin CW, Hsu CC, Chen TC. Metabolomics facilitates differential diagnosis in common inherited retinal degenerations by exploring their profiles of serum metabolites. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3562. [PMID: 38670966 PMCID: PMC11053129 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47911-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of inherited retinal degeneration (IRD) is challenging owing to its phenotypic and genotypic complexity. Clinical information is important before a genetic diagnosis is made. Metabolomics studies the entire picture of bioproducts, which are determined using genetic codes and biological reactions. We demonstrated that the common diagnoses of IRD, including retinitis pigmentosa (RP), cone-rod dystrophy (CRD), Stargardt disease (STGD), and Bietti's crystalline dystrophy (BCD), could be differentiated based on their metabolite heatmaps. Hundreds of metabolites were identified in the volcano plot compared with that of the control group in every IRD except BCD, considered as potential diagnosing markers. The phenotypes of CRD and STGD overlapped but could be differentiated by their metabolomic features with the assistance of a machine learning model with 100% accuracy. Moreover, EYS-, USH2A-associated, and other RP, sharing considerable similar characteristics in clinical findings, could also be diagnosed using the machine learning model with 85.7% accuracy. Further study would be needed to validate the results in an external dataset. By incorporating mass spectrometry and machine learning, a metabolomics-based diagnostic workflow for the clinical and molecular diagnoses of IRD was proposed in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chieh Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chu-Hsuan Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-Lung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fung-Rong Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Hao Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-May Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Wen Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Leeuwenhoek Laboratories Co. Ltd, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ta-Ching Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Center of Frontier Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Research Center for Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Schilardi G, Kralik J, Kleinlogel S. Selective Block of Upregulated Kv1.3 Potassium Channels in ON-Bipolar Cells of the Blind Retina Enhances Optogenetically Restored Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14207. [PMID: 37762510 PMCID: PMC10531754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of photoreceptors in retinal degenerative diseases also impacts the inner retina: bipolar cell dendrites retract, neurons rewire, and protein expression changes. ON-bipolar cells (OBCs) represent an attractive target for optogenetic vision restoration. However, the above-described maladaptations may negatively impact the quality of restored vision. To investigate this question, we employed human post-mortem retinas and transgenic rd1_Opto-mGluR6 mice expressing the optogenetic construct Opto-mGluR6 in OBCs and carrying the retinal degeneration rd1 mutation. We found significant changes in delayed rectifier potassium channel expression in OBCs of degenerative retinas. In particular, we found an increase in Kv1.3 expression already in early stages of degeneration. Immunohistochemistry localized Kv1.3 channels specifically to OBC axons. In whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, OBCs in the degenerated murine retina were less responsive, which could be reversed by application of the specific Kv1.3 antagonist Psora-4. Notably, Kv1.3 block significantly increased the amplitude and kinetics of Opto-mGluR6-mediated light responses in OBCs of the blind retina and increased the signal-to-noise ratio of light-triggered responses in retinal ganglion cells. We propose that reduction in Kv1.3 activity in the degenerated retina, either by pharmacological block or by KCNA3 gene silencing, could improve the quality of restored vision.
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4
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Wu H, Zhu B, Li D, Xu J, Chang J, Du X, Cui J, Zhang N, Zhang T, Chen Y. Cuscuta chinensis Lam. Protects Against Light-Induced Retinal Degeneration: Therapeutic Implications for Photoreceptor Degenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:904849. [PMID: 35754507 PMCID: PMC9214205 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.904849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cuscuta chinensis Lam. (CCL) is a medicinal herb widely used in traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases, including age-dependent vision-threatening retinal degenerative disorders that involve irreversible loss of the first-order retinal neurons, photoreceptors. However, evidence is lacking if CCL is pharmacologically active at protecting against loss of photoreceptors and photoreceptor degeneration-associated retinal structural and functional impairment. The current study thus evaluates the potential photoreceptor protective effects of CCL to better support its clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of photoreceptor degenerative diseases. Non-invasive full-retinal optical coherence tomography, electroretinography, histological examination, immunohistochemistry and real-time qPCR analysis were performed to assess the retinal protective effects of CCL in light-exposed BALB/c mice characterized by photooxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor loss and associated retinal morphological and functional impairment. The results showed that CCL treatment protected against light-induced degeneration of the photoreceptor structure and deterioration of the retinal function. Furthermore, CCL treatment increased the retinal expression of rhodopsin, S-opsin and M-opsin, supporting the protective effects of CCL in both rod and cone photoreceptors. CCL treatment suppressed photoreceptor cell death in the light-exposed retinas. The morphological integrity of the second-order retinal neurons was also preserved as a result of CCL treatment. In addition, CCL treatment attenuated light-induced reactive müller gliosis, microglial activation and inflammation in the retina. In conclusion, the current work demonstrates for the first time that CCL protects against photooxidative stress-mediated degeneration of photoreceptors and associated disturbance of structural, functional and immune homeostasis of the retina. The findings here thus provide novel experimental evidence supporting the clinical application of CCL in the prevention and treatment photoreceptor degenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhan Wu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Beijing Zhu
- Baoshan Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daijin Li
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Science and Technology Laboratory Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Mázala-de-Oliveira T, de Figueiredo CS, de Rezende Corrêa G, da Silva MS, Miranda RL, de Azevedo MA, Cossenza M, Dos Santos AA, Giestal-de-Araujo E. Ouabain-Na +/K +-ATPase Signaling Regulates Retinal Neuroinflammation and ROS Production Preventing Neuronal Death by an Autophagy-Dependent Mechanism Following Optic Nerve Axotomy In Vitro. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:723-738. [PMID: 34783975 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ouabain is a classic Na+K+ATPase ligand and it has been described to have neuroprotective effects on neurons and glial cells at nanomolar concentrations. In the present work, the neuroprotective and immunomodulatory potential of ouabain was evaluated in neonatal rat retinal cells using an optic nerve axotomy model in vitro. After axotomy, cultured retinal cells were treated with ouabain (3 nM) at different periods. The levels of important inflammatory receptors in the retina such as TNFR1/2, TLR4, and CD14 were analyzed. We observed that TNFR1, TLR4, and CD14 were decreased in all tested periods (15 min, 45 min, 24 h, and 48 h). On the other hand, TNFR2 was increased after 24 h, suggesting an anti-inflammatory potential for ouabain. Moreover, we showed that ouabain also decreased Iba-1 (microglial marker) density. Subsequently, analyses of retrograde labeling of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) were performed after 48 h and showed that ouabain-induced RGC survival depends on autophagy. Using an autophagy inhibitor (3-methyladenine), we observed a complete blockage of the ouabain effect. Western blot analyses showed that ouabain increases the levels of autophagy proteins (LC3 and Beclin-1) coupled to p-CREB transcription factor and leads to autophagosome formation. Additionally, we found that the ratio of cleaved/pro-caspase-3 did not change after ouabain treatment; however, p-JNK density was enhanced. Also, ouabain decreased reactive oxygen species production immediately after axotomy. Taken together, our results suggest that ouabain controls neuroinflammation in the retina following optic nerve axotomy and promotes RGC neuroprotection through activation of the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalita Mázala-de-Oliveira
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
- Souza Marques School of Medicine, Souza Marques Technical-Educational Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21310-310, Brazil
| | - Camila Saggioro de Figueiredo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Rezende Corrêa
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
- Souza Marques School of Medicine, Souza Marques Technical-Educational Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21310-310, Brazil
| | - Mayra Santos da Silva
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
- Souza Marques School of Medicine, Souza Marques Technical-Educational Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21310-310, Brazil
| | - Renan Lyra Miranda
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Program of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurochemical I`nteractions & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Mariana Almeida de Azevedo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Cossenza
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Program of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurochemical I`nteractions & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Aline Araujo Dos Santos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology and Program of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Neurochemical I`nteractions & Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biomedical Institute, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Giestal-de-Araujo
- Department of Neurobiology and Program of Neurosciences, Institute of Biology, Federal Fluminense University, Niterói, 24020-141, Brazil.
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation - INCT-NIM, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, 21040-360, Brazil.
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6
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Pagano G, Pallardó FV, Lyakhovich A, Tiano L, Trifuoggi M. Mitigating the pro-oxidant state and melanogenesis of Retinitis pigmentosa: by counteracting mitochondrial dysfunction. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7491-7503. [PMID: 34718826 PMCID: PMC11072988 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04007-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of mitochondrial diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of rods and cones leading to retinal loss of light sensitivity and, consequently, to blindness. To date, no cure is available according to the clinical literature. As a disease associated with pigmentation-related, pro-oxidant state, and mitochondrial dysfunction, RP may be viewed at the crossroads of different pathogenetic pathways involved in adverse health outcomes, where mitochondria play a preeminent role. RP has been investigated in a number of experimental and clinical studies aimed at delaying retinal hyperpigmentation by means of a number of natural and synthetic antioxidants, as well as mitochondrial cofactors, also termed mitochondrial nutrients (MNs), such as alpha-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10 and carnitine. One should consider that each MN plays distinct-and indispensable-roles in mitochondrial function. Thus, a logical choice would imply the administration of MN combinations, instead of individual MNs, as performed in previous studies, and with limited, if any, positive outcomes. A rational study design aimed at comparing the protective effects of MNs, separately or in combinations, and in association with other antioxidants, might foresee the utilization of animal RP models. The results should verify a comparative optimization in preventing or effectively contrasting retinal oxidative stress in mouse RP models and, in prospect, in human RP cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Pagano
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy.
| | - Federico V Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia-INCLIVA, CIBERER, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Lyakhovich
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics of the "Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translational Medicine", 630117, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Luca Tiano
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnical University of Marche, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Trifuoggi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Federico II Naples University, via Cintia, 80126, Naples, Italy
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7
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Xu W, Wang P, Wang D, Liu K, Zhang S, Zhao W, Liu G. S-ketamine alleviates carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress by targeting the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 99:1308-1315. [PMID: 34310894 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effect of S-ketamine (S-KET) against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) - induced liver damage and oxidative stress, as well as to elucidate the related underlying mechanisms. Blood was collected to measure biochemical parameters (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total bilirubin (TB) and γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT)) and the liver was harvested for histopathological analysis of enzymes related to the antioxidant response (malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Liver cell apoptosis was evaluated using the TUNEL assay. In addition, the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway were detected by Western blot analysis to explore potential mechanisms. S-KET protected the liver from CCl4-induced damage. The changes to the liver biochemical parameters (increased ALT, AST, ALP, TB, and γ-GT) and oxidative stress-related indicators (increased MDA; depleted SOD, GSH, and GSH-PX) induced by CCl4 were inhibited by S-KET. S-Ket also inhibited CCl4-induced cell apoptosis, the changes in expression of related proteins, and blocked CCl4-induced liver injury and oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. S-KET effectively protected the liver by inhibition of CCl4-induced damage via upregulation the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Dalong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Shuaishuai Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shengli Oilfield Central Hospital, Dongying City, Shandong 257034, China
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8
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Ahmad A, Nawaz MI, Siddiquei MM, Abu El-Asrar AM. Apocynin ameliorates NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) induced oxidative damage in the hypoxic human retinal Müller cells and diabetic rat retina. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:2099-2109. [PMID: 33515385 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
NADPH oxidase (NOX) is a main producers of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may contribute to the early pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR). ROS has harmful effects on endogenous neuro-survival factors brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are necessary for the growth and survival of the retina. The role of NOX isoforms NOX4 in triggering ROS in DR is not clear. Here we determine the protective effects of a plant-derived NOX inhibitor apocynin (APO) on NOX4-induced ROS production which may contribute to the depletion of survival factors BDNF/SIRT1 or cell death in the diabetic retinas. Human retinal Müller glial cells (MGCs) were treated with hypoxia mimetic agent cobalt chloride (CoCl2) in the absence or presence of APO. Molecular analysis demonstrates that NOX4 is upregulated in CoCl2-treated MGCs and in the diabetic retinas. Increased NOX4 was accompanied by the downregulation of BDNF/SIRT1 expression or in the activation of apoptotic marker caspase-3. Whereas, APO treatment downregulates NOX4 and subsequently upregulates BDNF/SIRT1 or alleviate caspase-3 expression. Accordingly, in the diabetic retina we found a positive correlation in NOX4 vs ROS (p = 0.025; R2 = 0.488) and caspase-3 vs ROS (p = 0.04; R2 = 0.428); whereas a negative correlation in BDNF vs ROS (p = 0.009; R2 = 0.596) and SIRT1 vs ROS (p = 0.0003; R2 = 0.817) respectively. Taken together, NOX4-derived ROS could be a main contributor in downregulating BDNF/SIRT1 expression or in the activation of caspase-3. Whereas, APO treatment may minimize the deleterious effects occurring due to hyperglycemia and/or diabetic mimic hypoxic condition in early pathogenesis of DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajmal Ahmad
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohd Imtiaz Nawaz
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmed M Abu El-Asrar
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Gopalakrishnan S, Mehrvar S, Maleki S, Schmitt H, Summerfelt P, Dubis AM, Abroe B, Connor TB, Carroll J, Huddleston W, Ranji M, Eells JT. Photobiomodulation preserves mitochondrial redox state and is retinoprotective in a rodent model of retinitis pigmentosa. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20382. [PMID: 33230161 PMCID: PMC7684292 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Photobiomodulation (PBM) by far-red (FR) to near-infrared (NIR) light has been demonstrated to restore the function of damaged mitochondria, increase the production of cytoprotective factors and prevent cell death. Our laboratory has shown that FR PBM improves functional and structural outcomes in animal models of retinal injury and retinal degenerative disease. The current study tested the hypothesis that a brief course of NIR (830 nm) PBM would preserve mitochondrial metabolic state and attenuate photoreceptor loss in a model of retinitis pigmentosa, the P23H transgenic rat. P23H rat pups were treated with 830 nm light (180 s; 25 mW/cm2; 4.5 J/cm2) using a light-emitting diode array (Quantum Devices, Barneveld, WI) from postnatal day (p) 10 to p25. Sham-treated rats were restrained, but not treated with 830 nm light. Retinal metabolic state, function and morphology were assessed at p30 by measurement of mitochondrial redox (NADH/FAD) state by 3D optical cryo-imaging, electroretinography (ERG), spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and histomorphometry. PBM preserved retinal metabolic state, retinal function, and retinal morphology in PBM-treated animals compared to the sham-treated group. PBM protected against the disruption of the oxidation state of the mitochondrial respiratory chain observed in sham-treated animals. Scotopic ERG responses over a range of flash intensities were significantly greater in PBM-treated rats compared to sham controls. SD-OCT studies and histological assessment showed that PBM preserved the structural integrity of the retina. These findings demonstrate for the first time a direct effect of NIR PBM on retinal mitochondrial redox status in a well-established model of retinal disease. They show that chronic proteotoxic stress disrupts retinal bioenergetics resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction, and retinal degeneration and that therapies normalizing mitochondrial metabolism have considerable potential for the treatment of retinal degenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shima Mehrvar
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA
| | - Sepideh Maleki
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA
| | - Heather Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phyllis Summerfelt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adam M Dubis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Betsy Abroe
- College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Thomas B Connor
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph Carroll
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Wendy Huddleston
- Department of Kinesiology, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mahsa Ranji
- Biophotonics Laboratory, Department of Computer and Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Ratan, FL, USA.
| | - Janis T Eells
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Photobiomodulation Laboratory, College of Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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10
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Alhasani RH, Zhou X, Biswas L, Li X, Reilly J, Zeng Z, Shu X. Gypenosides attenuate retinal degeneration in a zebrafish retinitis pigmentosa model. Exp Eye Res 2020; 201:108291. [PMID: 33049273 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a collection of heterogenous genetic retinal disorders resulting in cumulative retinal deterioration involving progressive loss of photoreceptors and eventually in total blindness. Oxidative stress plays a central role in this photoreceptor loss. Gypenosides (Gyp) are the main functional component isolated from the climbing vine Gynostemma pentaphyllum and have been shown to defend cells against the effects of oxidative stress and inflammation, providing protection in experimentally-induced optic neuritis. The zebrafish model has been used to investigate a range of human diseases. Previously we reported early retinal degeneration in a mutant zebrafish line carrying a point-nonsense mutation in the retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator interacting protein 1 (rpgrip1) gene that is mutated in RP patients. The current study investigated the potential protective effects of Gyp against photoreceptor degeneration in the Rpgrip1 deleted zebrafish. Rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish were treated with 5 μg/ml of Gyp in E3 medium from 6 h post fertilization (hpf) till 1 month post fertilization (mpf). Rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish treated with 5 μg/ml of Gyp showed a significant decrease by 68.41% (p = 0.0002) in photoreceptor cell death compared to that of untreated mutant zebrafish. Expression of antioxidant genes catalase, sod1, sod2, gpx1, gclm, nqo-1 and nrf-2 was significantly decreased in rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish eyes by 61.51%, 77.40%, 60.11%, 81.17%, 72.07%, 78.95% and 85.42% (all p < 0.0001), respectively, when compared to that of wildtype zebrafish; superoxide dismutase and catalase activities, and glutathione levels in rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish eyes were significantly decreased by 87.21%, 21.55% and 96.51% (all p < 0.0001), respectively. There were marked increases in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) by 2738.73% and 510.69% (all p < 0.0001), respectively, in rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish eyes; expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α was also significantly increased by 150.11%, 267.79% and 190.72% (all p < 0.0001), respectively, in rpgrip1 mutant zebrafish eyes, compared to that of wildtype zebrafish. Treatment with Gyp significantly counteracted these effects. This study indicates that Gyp has a potential role in the treatment of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem Hasaballah Alhasani
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom; Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xinzhi Zhou
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Lincoln Biswas
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Xing Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China
| | - James Reilly
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom
| | - Zhihong Zeng
- College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan, 410022, PR China.
| | - Xinhua Shu
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom; Department of Vision Science, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, G4 0BA, United Kingdom; School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, 422000, PR China.
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11
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Perdices L, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Cuenca N, Orduna-Hospital E, Pinilla I. Epigallocatechin Gallate Slows Retinal Degeneration, Reduces Oxidative Damage, and Modifies Circadian Rhythms in P23H Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9080718. [PMID: 32784376 PMCID: PMC7465727 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9080718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) includes a group of genetic disorders that involve the loss of visual function due to mutations mainly in photoreceptors but also in other retinal cells. Apoptosis, retinal disorganization, and inflammation are common in the progression of the disease. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) has been proved as beneficial in different eye diseases. Pigmented heterozygous P23H rat was used as an animal model of RP. Visual function was assessed by optomotor and electroretinogram (ERG) and circadian rhythms were evaluated by telemetry. Hepatic oxidative damage and antioxidant defenses were assessed using biochemical tests. The visual function of the EGCG P23H group was preserved, with a deterioration in the activity period and lower values in the interdaily stability parameter. Control rats treated with EGCG were less active than the sham group. EGCG increased antioxidant levels in P23H rats but reduced total hepatic antioxidant capacity by almost 42% in control rats compared to the sham group. We conclude that treatment with EGCG improves visual function and antioxidant status in P23H rats but diminishes antioxidant defenses in wild-type control animals, and slightly worsens activity circadian rhythms. Further studies are necessary to clarify the beneficial effects in disease conditions and in healthy organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdices
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (I.P.)
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Broto
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology and Legal and Forensic Medicine, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-976-761-706
| | - Francisco Segura
- Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain;
| | - Nicolás Cuenca
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain;
| | | | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragon Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (L.P.); (I.P.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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12
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The Effect of a Rat Diet Without Added Cu on Redox Status in Tissues and Epigenetic Changes in the Brain. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine whether feeding rats a diet without added Cu increases oxidation of macromolecules in tissues, as well as epigenetic changes in the brain. The rats were divided into two groups: the Cu-6.5 group which was fed a diet with a standard content of Cu in mineral mixture – 6.5 mg Cu from CuCO3 per kg of diet; and the Cu-0 group which was fed a diet with a mineral mix without Cu supplementation. At the end of the experiment the rats were weighed and blood samples were collected. Finally, the rats were euthanized and then the liver, small intestine, spleen, kidneys, heart, brain, lung, testes and leg muscles were removed and weighed. In the blood of Cu-0 rats the lower Cp activity and greater GPx and CAT activity than in Cu-6.5 rats were noticed. In the liver, lungs, heart and testes of Cu-0 rats, a decreased content of Cu were noticed. Application of Cu-0 diets resulted in increased LOOH level in the small intestine, liver, and heart, as well as increased MDA content in the liver, spleen, lungs, brain and testes. The Cu-0 treatment caused a decrease in SOD activity in the heart, lungs and testes of the rats and a decrease in CAT activity in the small intestine. In the brain and testes of rats from the Cu-0 treatment, lower content of GSH + GSSG was observed. The brain of rats from the Cu-0 treatment showed an increase in the level of PCs, 8-OHdG, Casp 8 and DNA methylation. The research has shown that a deficiency of Cu in the diet impairs the body’s antioxidant defences, which in turn leads to increased lipid oxidation in the liver, small intestinal wall, heart, spleen, lungs, brain and testes, as well as to oxidation of proteins and DNA in the brain. A deficiency of Cu in the diet also increases methylation of cytosine in the brain.
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Jankauskaitė E, Ambroziak AM, Hajieva P, Ołdak M, Tońska K, Korwin M, Bartnik E, Kodroń A. Testosterone increases apoptotic cell death and decreases mitophagy in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy cells. J Appl Genet 2020; 61:195-203. [PMID: 32157656 PMCID: PMC7148285 DOI: 10.1007/s13353-020-00550-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is one of the most common mitochondrial diseases caused by point mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). The majority of diagnosed LHON cases are caused by a point mutation at position 11,778 in the mitochondrial genome. LHON mainly affects young men in their 20s and 30s with usually poor visual prognosis. It remains unexplained why men are more likely to develop the disease and why only retinal ganglion cells are affected. In this study, a cell model was used for the first time to investigate the influence of testosterone on the cell death mechanism apoptosis and on an autophagy/mitophagy. Cells with m.11778G > A were found to be significantly more susceptible to nucleosome formation and effector caspase activation that serve as hallmarks of apoptotic cell death. Cells having this mutation expressed higher levels of mitophagic receptors BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix in a medium with testosterone. Moreover, cells having the mutation exhibited greater mitochondrial mass, which suggests these cells have a decreased cell survival. The observed decrease in cell survival was supported by the observed increase in apoptotic cell death. Autophagy was analyzed after inhibition with Bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1). The results indicate impairment in autophagy in LHON cells due to lower autophagic flux supported by observed lower levels of autophagosome marker LC3-II. The observed impaired lower autophagic flux in mutant cells correlated with increased levels of BNIP3 and BNIP3L/Nix in mutant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elona Jankauskaitė
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Anna Maria Ambroziak
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, 5 Pasteur Str., 02-093, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Parvana Hajieva
- Institute for Pathobiochemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Duesbergweg 6, D-55099, Mainz, Germany
| | - Monika Ołdak
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, 10 Mochnackiego Str., 02-042, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Center of Biostructure Research, Medical University of Warsaw, 5 Chałubińskiego Str., 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tońska
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Korwin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of Warsaw, 13 Sierakowskiego Str., 03-709, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Bartnik
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agata Kodroń
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 5a Pawińskiego Str., 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Zhang SH, Liu D, Hu Q, Zhu J, Wang S, Zhou S. Ferulic acid ameliorates pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures by reducing neuron cell death. Epilepsy Res 2019; 156:106183. [PMID: 31404716 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the neuroprotective effect of ferulic acid (FA) in a pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced seizures model in rat, the motor response, spatial learning ability and memory capability of the rats were assessed. Both the antioxidation and anti-apoptosis pathways were also investigated. In this study, male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups (n = 12 in each group). For 28 days, the rats were administered saline alone (i.p. normal saline, NS group), PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p., PTZ group) once daily to induce seizures, or FA (i.p. 60 mg/kg) 20 min before being given PTZ (40 mg/kg, i.p., FA + PTZ group) to assess the neuroprotective effect of FA. The motor response of the rats was analysed with the Racine scale. The spatial learning and memory capacity of the rats were assessed by the Morris water maze test. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were measured, and both in situ staining with the DNA-binding bisbenzimide Hoechst 33258 and TUNEL assays were used to assess apoptosis. Western blotting was used to further analyse the expression of Apaf-1, caspase-9, caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bid, Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and cytochrome c. The results showed that compared to the those of the PTZ group, FA pre-treatment significantly (p < 0.01) reduced the Racine scores starting at day 4, prolonged the latency of the onset of seizure at day 28, reduced the escape latency period starting at day 2, increased the frequency of crossing the platform location, increased the SOD activity, reduced the MDA content and apoptosis percentage, and upregulated the Bcl-2 levels whilst downregulating the Bax, cytochrome c, Apaf-1, caspase-9, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3 and Bid expression levels. This study demonstrated that pre-treatment with FA exerts strong neuroprotective effects by reducing the motor response and by improving spatial learning ability and memory capacity. The neuroprotective effect may be a result of a reduction in neuron cell death that occurs via the antioxidative and anti-apoptotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hong Zhang
- Department of Biology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Donghai Liu
- Department of Biology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Qingyun Hu
- Department of Anatomy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Jinling Zhu
- Department of Biology, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China.
| | - Shuqiu Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China
| | - Shaobo Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, 154007, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Environmental Science and Technology, University of Bedfordshire, Luton LU1 3JU, UK.
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15
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Progesterone, Lipoic Acid, and Sulforaphane as Promising Antioxidants for Retinal Diseases: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8030053. [PMID: 30832304 PMCID: PMC6466531 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been documented to be a key factor in the cause and progression of different retinal diseases. Oxidative cellular unbalance triggers a sequence of reactions which prompt cell degeneration and retinal dysfunction, both hallmarks of several retinal pathologies. There is no effective treatment, yet, for many retinal diseases. Antioxidant treatment have been pointed out to be an encouraging palliative treatment; the beneficial effects documented involve slowing the progression of the disease, a reduction of cell degeneration, and improvement of retinal functions. There is a vast information corpus on antioxidant candidates. In this review, we expose three of the main antioxidant treatments, selected for their promising results that has been reported to date. Recently, the sulforaphane, an isothiocyanate molecule, has been unveiled as a neuroprotective candidate, by its antioxidant properties. Progesterone, a neurosteroid has been proposed to be a solid and effective neuroprotective agent. Finally, the lipoic acid, an organosulfur compound, is a well-recognized antioxidant. All of them, have been tested and studied on different retinal disease models. In this review, we summarized the published results of these works, to offer a general view of the current antioxidant treatment advances, including the main effects and mechanisms described.
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16
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Li D, Ni S, Miao KS, Zhuang C. PI3K/Akt and caspase pathways mediate oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:195-202. [PMID: 30543056 PMCID: PMC6363634 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-018-0956-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is closely related to the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA); however, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. Previous studies have confirmed that cell apoptosis is one of the main pathological alterations during oxidative stress, and chondrocyte apoptosis induced by oxidative stress plays an important role in the development of OA. Rat chondrocytes exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) were used as the experimental oxidative stress model. We assessed cell viability, cell apoptosis, levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) production, gene relative expression level of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and expressions of iNOS, PI3K, phospho-Akt, caspase-9, and caspase-3. With the rising of intracellular ROS and increasing iNOS synthesis, producing a large amount of NO in chondrocytes, H2O2 decreased the cell viability and induced cell apoptosis of chondrocytes. Furthermore, the levels of caspase-9 and caspase-3 protein expression were significantly elevated as well as the level of p-Akt protein expression when induced by oxidative stress. These findings suggest that oxidative stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis occurred via activating both PI3K/Akt and caspase pathways in the early stage in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Su Ni
- Laboratory of Clinical Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Kai-Song Miao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Chao Zhuang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Changzhou No.2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
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17
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Reactive Oxygen Species-Mediated Damage of Retinal Neurons: Drug Development Targets for Therapies of Chronic Neurodegeneration of the Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113362. [PMID: 30373222 PMCID: PMC6274960 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The significance of oxidative stress in the development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina has become increasingly apparent in recent years. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are free radicals produced at low levels as a result of normal cellular metabolism that are ultimately metabolized and detoxified by endogenous and exogenous mechanisms. In the presence of oxidative cellular stress, ROS are produced in excess, resulting in cellular injury and death and ultimately leading to tissue and organ dysfunction. Recent studies have investigated the role of excess ROS in the pathogenesis and development of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina including glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and age-related macular degeneration. Findings from these studies are promising insofar as they provide clear rationales for innovative treatment and prevention strategies of these prevalent and disabling diseases where currently therapeutic options are limited. Here, we briefly outline recent developments that have contributed to our understanding of the role of ROS in the pathogenesis of chronic neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. We then examine and analyze the peer-reviewed evidence in support of ROS as targets for therapy development in the area of chronic neurodegeneration of the retina.
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18
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Perdices L, Fuentes-Broto L, Segura F, Ben Gdara N, Sánchez-Cano AI, Insa G, Orduna E, Pinilla I. Hepatic oxidative stress in pigmented P23H rhodopsin transgenic rats with progressive retinal degeneration. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:550-557. [PMID: 30006118 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) comprises a group of inherited retinal degenerative conditions characterized by primary degeneration of the rod photoreceptors. Increased oxidative damage is observed in the retina, aqueous humor, and plasma of RP animal models and patients. The hepatic oxidative status may also be affected in RP due to oxidative damage influencing soluble macromolecules exiting the retina or to alterations in the melanopsin system resulting in chronic circadian desynchronization that negatively alters the oxidative stress defense system. P23H rats were crossed with pigmented Long Evans rats to produce offspring exhibiting the clinical conditions of RP. We measured hepatic malondialdehyde and 4-hydroxyalkenal concentrations as oxidative stress markers; nitrite level as a total nitrosative damage marker; total antioxidant capacity; and the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione S-transferase. Retinal visual function was assessed based on optomotor and electroretinogram responses. P23H transgenic rats exhibited diminished visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, and electroretinographic responses according to the level of retinal degeneration. P23H rats at 30 days of age already demonstrated only 47% of the hepatic total antioxidant capacity of wild-type animals. Hepatic catalase and SOD activities were also reduced in P23H rats after 120 days, but we detected no difference in glutathione S-transferase activity. P23H rats had increased hepatic oxidative and nitrosative damage markers. GSH/GSSG ratio showed a significant diminution in P23H rats at P120 compared to WT. We conclude that the liver is under increased oxidative stress in P23H rats. Further studies are required, however, to clarify the contribution of systemic oxidative damage to the pathogenesis of RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Perdices
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto Aragonés de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Lorena Fuentes-Broto
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Francisco Segura
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Neyla Ben Gdara
- Department of Biology, University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University campus El Manar, 2092 Tunis, Tunisia.
| | - Ana Isabel Sánchez-Cano
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Gema Insa
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Elvira Orduna
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Applied Physics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Isabel Pinilla
- Aragón Institute for Health Research (IIS Aragón), Avda. San Juan Bosco 13, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Surgery, Gynecology and Obstetrics, Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna 12, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Ophthalmology, Lozano Blesa Clinical University Hospital, Avenida San Juan Bosco 15, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
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19
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Kimura Y, Negishi H, Matsuda A, Endo N, Hangai S, Inoue A, Nishio J, Taniguchi T, Yanai H. Novel chemical compound SINCRO with dual function in STING-type I interferon and tumor cell death pathways. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:2687-2696. [PMID: 29981256 PMCID: PMC6125434 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen a number of regulatory approvals for immune oncology or immunotherapies based on their ability to enhance antitumor immune responses. Nevertheless, the majority of patients remain refractory to these treatments; hence, new therapies that augment current immunotherapies are required. Innate immune receptors that recognize nucleic acids are potent activators of subsequent T-cell responses and, as a result, can evoke potent antitumor immune responses. Herein, we present a novel compound N-{3-[(1,4'-bipiperidin)-1'-yl]propyl}-6-[4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl]picolinamide (SINCRO; STING-mediated interferon-inducing and cytotoxic reagent, original) as an anticancer drug that activates the cytosolic DNA-sensing STING (stimulator of interferon genes) signaling pathway leading to the induction of type I interferon (IFN) genes. Indeed, IFN-β gene induction by SINCRO is abolished in STING-deficient cells. In addition to its IFN-inducing activity, SINCRO shows STING-independent cytotoxic activity against cancer cells. SINCRO does not evoke DNA double-strand break or caspase-3 cleavage. Thus, SINCRO induces cell death in a method different from conventional apoptosis-inducing pathways. Finally, we provide evidence that giving SINCRO significantly attenuates in vivo tumor growth by both type I IFN-dependent and independent mechanisms. Thus, SINCRO is an attractive anticancer compound with dual function in that it evokes type I IFN response to promote antitumor immunity as well as inducing tumor cell death. SINCRO may provide a new platform for the development of drugs for effective cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitaka Kimura
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Negishi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Endo
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sho Hangai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Integrative Inflammology, Max Planck-The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Nishio
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadatsugu Taniguchi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Integrative Inflammology, Max Planck-The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yanai
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Center for Integrative Inflammology, Max Planck-The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Brain- and brain tumor-penetrating disulfiram nanoparticles: Sequence of cytotoxic events and efficacy in human glioma cell lines and intracranial xenografts. Oncotarget 2017; 9:3459-3482. [PMID: 29423059 PMCID: PMC5790476 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
There is great interest in repurposing disulfiram (DSF), a rapidly metabolizing nontoxic drug, for brain cancers and other cancers. To overcome the instability and low therapeutic efficacy, we engineered passively-targeted DSF-nanoparticles (DSFNPs) using biodegradable monomethoxy (polyethylene glycol) d,l-lactic-co-glycolic acid (mPEG-PLGA) matrix. The physicochemical properties, cellular uptake and the blood brain-barrier permeability of DSFNPs were investigated. The DSFNPs were highly stable with a size of ∼70 nm with a >90% entrapment. Injection of the nanoparticles labeled with HITC, a near-infrared dye into normal mice and tumor-bearing nude mice followed by in vivo imaging showed a selective accumulation of the formulation within the brain and subcutaneous tumors for >24 h, indicating an increased plasma half-life and entry of DSF into desired sites. The DSFNPs induced a potent and preferential killing of many brain tumor cell lines in cytotoxicity assays. Confocal microscopy showed a quick internalization of the nanoparticles in tumor cells followed by initial accumulation in lysosomes and subsequently in mitochondria. DSFNPs induced high levels of ROS and led to a marked loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Activation of the MAP-kinase pathway leading to a nuclear translocation of apoptosis-inducing factor and altered expression of apoptotic and anti-apoptotic proteins were also observed. DSFNPs induced a powerful and significant regression of intracranial medulloblastoma xenografts compared to the marginal efficacy of unencapsulated DSF. Together, we show that passively targeted DSFNPs can affect multiple targets, trigger potent anticancer effects, and can offer a sustained drug supply for brain cancer treatment through an enhanced permeability retention (EPR).
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Ruiz Lopez AM, Roche SL, Wyse Jackson AC, Moloney JN, Byrne AM, Cotter TG. Pro-survival redox signalling in progesterone-mediated retinal neuroprotection. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 46:1663-1672. [PMID: 28493650 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of hereditary retinal diseases, characterised by photoreceptor cell loss. Despite a substantial understanding of the mechanisms leading to cell death, an effective therapeutic strategy is sought. Our laboratory has previously demonstrated the neuroprotective properties of Norgestrel, a progesterone analogue, in the degenerating retina, mediated in part by the neurotrophic factor basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). In other retinal studies, we have also presented a pro-survival role for reactive oxygen species (ROS), downstream of bFGF. Thus, we hypothesized that Norgestrel utilises bFGF-driven ROS production to promote photoreceptor survival. Using the 661W photoreceptor-like cell line, we now show that Norgestrel, working through progesterone receptor membrane complex 1 (PGRMC1); generates an early burst of pro-survival bFGF-induced ROS. Using the rd10 mouse model of RP, we confirm that Norgestrel induces a similar early pro-survival increase in retinal ROS. Norgestrel-driven protection in the rd10 retina was attenuated in the presence of antioxidants. This study therefore presents an essential role for ROS signalling in Norgestrel-mediated neuroprotection in vitro and demonstrates that Norgestrel employs a similar pro-survival mechanism in the degenerating retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Ruiz Lopez
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Roche
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice C Wyse Jackson
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer N Moloney
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ashleigh M Byrne
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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22
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Mitochondrial dysfunction underlying outer retinal diseases. Mitochondrion 2017; 36:66-76. [PMID: 28365408 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) or both contribute to the initiation and progression of several outer retinal disorders. Disrupted Müller glia function might additionally subsidize to these diseases. Mitochondrial malfunctioning is importantly associated with outer retina pathologies, which can be classified as primary and secondary mitochondrial disorders. This review highlights the importance of oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage, underlying outer retinal disorders. Indeed, the metabolically active photoreceptors/RPE are highly prone to these hallmarks of mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating that mitochondria represent a weak link in the antioxidant defenses of outer retinal cells.
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23
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Bian M, Zhang Y, Du X, Xu J, Cui J, Gu J, Zhu W, Zhang T, Chen Y. Apigenin-7-diglucuronide protects retinas against bright light-induced photoreceptor degeneration through the inhibition of retinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Brain Res 2017; 1663:141-150. [PMID: 28336272 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Vision impairment in retinal degenerative diseases such as age-related macular degeneration is primarily associated with photoreceptor degeneration, in which oxidative stress and inflammatory responses are mechanistically involved as central players. Therapies with photoreceptor protective properties remain to be developed. Apigenin-7-diglucuronide (A7DG), a flavonoid glycoside, is present in an assortment of medicinal plants with anti-inflammatory or ant-oxidant activities. However, the pharmacological significance of A7DG remains unknown in vivo. The current study isolated A7DG from Glechoma longituba (Nakai) Kuprian and investigated the retinal protective effect A7DG in mice characterized by bright light-induced photoreceptor degeneration. The results showed that A7DG treatment led to remarkable photoreceptor protection in bright light-exposed BALB/c mice. Moreover, A7DG treatment alleviated photoreceptor apoptosis, mitigated oxidative stress, suppressed reactive gliosis and microglial activation and attenuated the expression of proinflammatory genes in bright light-exposed retinas. The results demonstrated for the first time remarkable photoreceptor protective activities of A7DG in vivo. Inhibition of bright light-induced retinal oxidative stress and retinal inflammatory responses was associated with the retinal protection conferred by A7DG. The work here warrants further evaluation of A7DG as a pharmacological candidate for the treatment of vision-threatening retinal degenerative disorders. Moreover, given the general implication of oxidative stress and inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, A7DG could be further tested for the treatment of other neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Bian
- Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jing Xu
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jiangping Gu
- East China University of Science and Technology School of Pharmacy, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Yueyang Hospital and Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Byrne AM, Ruiz-Lopez AM, Roche SL, Moloney JN, Wyse-Jackson AC, Cotter TG. The synthetic progestin norgestrel modulates Nrf2 signaling and acts as an antioxidant in a model of retinal degeneration. Redox Biol 2016; 10:128-139. [PMID: 27744118 PMCID: PMC5065647 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is one of the most common retinal degenerative conditions affecting people worldwide, and is currently incurable. It is characterized by the progressive loss of photoreceptors, in which the death of rod cells leads to the secondary death of cone cells; the cause of eventual blindness. As rod cells die, retinal-oxygen metabolism becomes perturbed, leading to increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus oxidative stress; a key factor in the secondary death of cones. In this study, norgestrel, an FDA-approved synthetic analog of progesterone, was found to be a powerful neuroprotective antioxidant, preventing light-induced ROS in photoreceptor cells, and subsequent cell death. Norgestrel also prevented light-induced photoreceptor morphological changes that were associated with ROS production, and that are characteristic of RP. Further investigation showed that norgestrel acts via post-translational modulation of the major antioxidant transcription factor Nrf2; bringing about its phosphorylation, subsequent nuclear translocation, and increased levels of its effector protein superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2). In summary, these results demonstrate significant protection of photoreceptor cells from oxidative stress, and underscore the potential of norgestrel as a therapeutic option for RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh M Byrne
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ana M Ruiz-Lopez
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarah L Roche
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer N Moloney
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Alice C Wyse-Jackson
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Thomas G Cotter
- Cell Development and Disease Laboratory, Biochemistry Department, Biosciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
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25
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Chen T, Tao Y, Yan W, Yang G, Chen X, Cao R, Zhang L, Xue J, Zhang Z. Protective effects of hydrogen-rich saline against N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Exp Eye Res 2016; 148:65-73. [PMID: 27215478 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2016.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-treated rat is typically used as an animal model of chemically-induced retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as the crucial contributor to the retinal photoreceptor apoptosis seen in MNU-treated rats. In the present study, we explored the therapeutic effects of hydrogen-rich saline (HRS), a selective ROS scavenger, on MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration. Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of HRS ameliorated MNU-induced photoreceptor degeneration in terms of morphology and function: Sharply decreased thickness of the retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) and flattened photopic and scotopic electroretinogram (ERG) waveforms, typically seen in response to MNU treatment, were substantially rescued in rats cotreated with MNU and HRS (MNU + HRS). Moreover, the terminal deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay revealed a smaller number of apoptotic photoreceptors in the MNU + HRS group compared that in the MNU group. Compared to MNU-treated rats, retinal malondialdehyde (MDA) content in MNU + HRS rats significantly decreased while superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity significantly increased. Morphological and multi-electrode array (MEA) analyses revealed more efficient preservation of the architecture and field potential waveforms in particularly the peripheral regions of the retinas within the MNU + HRS group, compared to that in the MNU group. However, this enhanced protection of structure and function in the peripheral retina is unlikely the result of site-dependent variation in the efficacy of HRS; rather, it is most likely due to reduced susceptibility of peripheral photoreceptors to MNU-induced degeneration. Inner retinal neuron function in the MNU + HRS rats was better preserved, with fewer apoptotic photoreceptors in the ONL. Collectively, these results support the rationale for future clinical evaluation of HRS as a therapeutic agent for human RP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, 100853, PR China
| | - Weiming Yan
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Guoqing Yang
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Ruidan Cao
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Junhui Xue
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
| | - Zuoming Zhang
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, PR China.
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26
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Tao Y, Geng L, Wang L, Xu W, Qin L, Peng G, Huang YF, Yang JX. Use of Hydrogen as a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Against Photoreceptor Degeneration in Retinitis Pigmentosa Patients. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:776-9. [PMID: 26952558 PMCID: PMC4786084 DOI: 10.12659/msm.897107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited retinal dystrophies characterized by progressive photoreceptor apoptosis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been recognized as critical initiators of the photoreceptor apoptosis in RP. Photoreceptor survival in RP mutants will not only require the inhibition of effectors of apoptotic machinery, but also the elimination of the initiating upstream signals, such as ROS. These cytotoxic ROS should be neutralized by the antioxidant defense system, otherwise they would interact with the macromolecules essential for photoreceptor survival. Hydrogen is a promising gaseous agent that has come to the forefront of therapeutic research over the last few years. It has been verified that hydrogen is capable of neutralizing the cytotoxic ROS selectively, rectifying abnormities in the apoptotic cascades, and attenuating the related inflammatory response. Hydrogen is so mild that it does not disturb the metabolic oxidation-reduction reactions or disrupt the physiologic ROS involved in cell signaling. Based on these findings, we hypothesize that hydrogen might be an effective therapeutic agent to slow or prevent photoreceptor degeneration in RP retinas. It is a logical step to test hydrogen for therapeutic use in multiple RP animal models, and ultimately in human RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Lei Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Weiwei Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Limin Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Guanghua Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Fei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Ophthalmology and Visual Science Key Lab of PLA, Beijing, China (mainland)
| | - Ji xue Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second People's Hospital, Xinxiang, Henan, China (mainland)
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Bian M, Du X, Cui J, Wang P, Wang W, Zhu W, Zhang T, Chen Y. Celastrol protects mouse retinas from bright light-induced degeneration through inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:50. [PMID: 26920853 PMCID: PMC4769581 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Photoreceptor death leads to vision impairment in several retinal degenerative disorders. Therapies protecting photoreceptor from degeneration remain to be developed. Anti-inflammation, anti-oxidative stress, and neuroprotective effects of celastrol have been demonstrated in a variety of disease models. The current study aimed to investigate the photoreceptor protective effect of celastrol. Methods Bright light-induced retinal degeneration in BALB/c mice was used, and morphological, functional, and molecular changes of retina were evaluated in the absence and presence of celastrol treatment. Results Significant morphological and functional protection was observed as a result of celastrol treatment in bright light-exposed BALB/c mice. Celastrol treatment resulted in suppression of cell death in photoreceptor cells, alleviation of oxidative stress in the retinal pigment epithelium and photoreceptors, downregulation of retinal expression of proinflammatory genes, and suppression of microglia activation and gliosis in the retina. Additionally, leukostasis was found to be induced in the retinal vasculature in light-exposed BALB/c mice, which was significantly attenuated by celastrol treatment. In vitro, celastrol attenuated all-trans-retinal-induced oxidative stress in cultured APRE19 cells. Moreover, celastrol treatment significantly suppressed lipopolysaccharides-stimulated expression of proinflammatory genes in both APRE19 and RAW264.7 cells. Conclusions The results demonstrated for the first time that celastrol prevents against light-induced retinal degeneration through inhibition of retinal oxidative stress and inflammation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12974-016-0516-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjuan Bian
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Xiaoye Du
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Jingang Cui
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Peiwei Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Wenjian Wang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China.,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China
| | - Weiliang Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. .,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China.
| | - Yu Chen
- Clinical Research Institute of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 200437, China. .,Yueyang Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 110 Ganhe Rd, Shanghai, 200437, China.
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28
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Tao Y, Chen T, Yang GQ, Peng GH, Yan ZJ, Huang YF. Anthocyanin can arrest the cone photoreceptor degeneration and act as a novel treatment for retinitis pigmentosa. Int J Ophthalmol 2016; 9:153-8. [PMID: 26949626 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2016.01.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of heterogeneous inherited retinal diseases that is characterized by primary death rod photoreceptors and the secondary loss of cones. The degeneration of cones causes gradual constriction of visual fields, leaving the central islands that are eventually snuffed out. Studies indicate that the hyperoxia causes oxidative damage in the retina and contributes to the cone death of RP. Moreover, abundant reactive oxidative species (ROS) which are generated in cones may result in mitochondria membrane depolarization, which has been ascribed a central role in the apoptotic process and has been proposed to act as a forward feeding loop for the activation of downstream cascades. Anthocyanin is a potent antioxidant which has been evidenced to be able to counteract oxidative damages, scavenge surplus ROS, and rectify abnormities in the apoptotic cascade. Taken together with its ability to attenuate inflammation which also contributes to the etiology of RP, it is reasonable to hypothesize that the anthocyanin could act as a novel therapeutic strategy to retard or prevent cone degeneration in RP retinas, particularly if the treatment is timed appropriately and delivered efficiently. Future pharmacological investigations will identify the anthocyanin as an effective candidate for PR therapy and refinements of that knowledge would ignite the hope of restoring the visual function in RP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guo-Qing Yang
- Department of Clinical Aerospace Medicine, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Guang-Hua Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Zhong-Jun Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710038, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Fei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, General Hospital of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
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29
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German OL, Agnolazza DL, Politi LE, Rotstein NP. Light, lipids and photoreceptor survival: live or let die? Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015. [PMID: 26204250 DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00194c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Due to its constant exposure to light and its high oxygen consumption the retina is highly sensitive to oxidative damage, which is a common factor in inducing the death of photoreceptors after light damage or in inherited retinal degenerations. The high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), the major polyunsaturated fatty acid in the retina, has been suggested to contribute to this sensitivity. DHA is crucial for developing and preserving normal visual function. However, further roles of DHA in the retina are still controversial. Current data support that it can tilt the scale either towards degeneration or survival of retinal cells. DHA peroxidation products can be deleterious to the retina and might lead to retinal degeneration. However, DHA has also been shown to act as, or to be the source of, a survival molecule that protects photoreceptors and retinal pigment epithelium cells from oxidative damage. We have established that DHA protects photoreceptors from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and promotes their differentiation in vitro. DHA activates the retinoid X receptor (RXR) and the ERK/MAPK pathway, thus regulating the expression of anti and pro-apoptotic proteins. It also orchestrates a diversity of signaling pathways, modulating enzymatic pathways that control the sphingolipid metabolism and activate antioxidant defense mechanisms to promote photoreceptor survival and development. A deeper comprehension of DHA signaling pathways and context-dependent behavior is required to understand its dual functions in retinal physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Lorena German
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Yuan D, Xu Y, Hang H, Liu X, Chen X, Xie P, Yuan S, Zhang W, Lin X, Liu Q. Edaravone protect against retinal damage in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99219. [PMID: 24897298 PMCID: PMC4045952 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Edaravone (3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one), a free radical scavenger, is used for the clinical treatment of retinal injury. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of edaravone against diabetic retinal damage in the mouse. Diabetic retinopathy in the mouse was induced by injection of streptozotocin. Edaravone was given once-daily and was intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated at a dose of 3 mg/kg from streptozotocin injection to 4 weeks after onset of diabetes. Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) damage was evaluated by recording the pattern electroretinogram (ERG). RGCs damage was also detected by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined fluorometrically. The expressions of phosporylated-ERK1/2, BDNF, and caspase-3 were determined by Western blot analysis. Retinal levels of ROS, phosphorylated ERK1/2, and cleaved caspase-3 were significantly increased, whereas the expression of BDNF was significantly decreased in the retinas of diabetic mice, compared to nondiabetic mice. Administration of edaravone significantly attenuated diabetes induced RGCs death, upregulation of ROS, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and cleaved caspase-3 and downregulation of BDNF. These findings suggest that oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in diabetic retinal damage and that systemic administration of edaravone may slow the progression of retinal neuropathy induced by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqing Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hui Hang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Xie
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songtao Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qinghuai Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- * E-mail:
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31
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Shang SW, Yang JL, Huang F, Liu K, Liu BL. Modified Si-Miao-San ameliorates pancreatic B cell dysfunction by inhibition of reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation through AMP-kinase activation. Chin J Nat Med 2014; 12:351-60. [PMID: 24856758 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(14)60043-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To observe the effect of modified Si-Miao-San (mSMS) on advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced pancreatic B cell dysfunction, as well as examining the underlying mechanisms. METHOD Pancreatic B cells (INS-1) were stimulated with advanced glycation end products (AGEs, 200 μg·mL(-1)) for 24 h to produce dysfunction in pancreatic B cells and the effects of mSMS observed on insulin secretion, NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, mitochondria membrane potential (Δψm), cell apoptosis, phosphorylation of AMP-kinase (AMPK), and caspase 3 activity. RESULTS The AGEs challenge resulted in increased basal insulin secretion, but decreased insulin secretion in response to high glucose, whereas this situation was reversed by mSMS treatment. AGEs stimulation induced NF-κB (p65) phosphorylation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as Δψm collapse and cell apoptosis. mSMS inhibited ROS production and inhibited NF-κB activation by attenuating p65 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, AGEs-induced Δψm collapse and cell apoptosis were also reversed by mSMS treatment. Compound C, an inhibitor of AMP-Kinase (AMPK), abolished the beneficial effects of mSMS on the regulation of B cell function, indicating the involvement of AMPK. CONCLUSION mSMS ameliorated AGEs-induced B cell dysfunction by suppressing ROS-associated inflammation, and this action was related to its beneficial regulation of AMPK activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Wan Shang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jiang-Lin Yang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fang Huang
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Kang Liu
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing 210046, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- State key laboratory of Natural Medicines, Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicines, Nanjing 210046, China.
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Shimamoto N. [A pathophysiological role of cytochrome p450 involved in production of reactive oxygen species]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2014; 133:435-50. [PMID: 23546588 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.12-00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) determines cellular function. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) regulates ROS production and contributes to the process of cell death. This review summarizes our recent findings, focusing on the involvement of CYPs in pathophysiology induced by ROS. 1. Quinone toxicity in hepatocytes: CYPs require electrons supplied from NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (NPR) during the process of metabolism. NPR also provides electrons to quinone compounds, which compete with CYPs over electrons. Inhibition of CYPs shifts NPR's electron flow more to quinones, which accelerates the redox cycle to enhance ROS production and quinone toxicity. 2. Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: Reperfusion of blood flow after coronary artery occlusion induces cell damage, as evident by the extension of myocardial infarct size and caspase-independent cell apoptosis. CYP2C6 appears to be a source for ROS production, since sulfaphenazole, a selective inhibitor of CYP2C6, reduces this damage. ROS produced by CYP2C6 during the reperfusion causes translational activation of Noxa and BimEL, as well as the suppression of caspase activation, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis. 3. Primary hepatocyte apoptosis: Inhibition of catalase and glutathione peroxidase increases intracellular ROS and elicits caspase-independent hepatocyte apoptosis. SKF-525A, a pan-CYP inhibitor, suppresses these ROS increases and hepatocyte apoptosis. Increased ROS activates ERK and AP-1 by inhibition of tyrosine phosphatase, and inhibits BimEL degradation by proteasome. These results in the accumulation of mitochondrial BimEL, which then induces the release of cytochrome c and endonuclease G (EndoG). Increased ROS also keeps caspases inactivated. As a result, EndoG executes nucleosomal DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norio Shimamoto
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Kagawa, Tokushima Bunri University, Kagawa 769-2193, Japan
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Effects of resveratrol on vitrified porcine oocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:920257. [PMID: 24223236 PMCID: PMC3816072 DOI: 10.1155/2013/920257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Accepted: 08/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Vitrified MII porcine oocytes are characterized by reduced developmental competence, associated with the activation of the apoptotic pathway. Resveratrol (R), a polyphenolic compound present in several vegetal sources, has been reported to exert, among all its other biological effects, an antiapoptotic one. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of R (2 µM) on the apoptotic status of porcine oocytes vitrified by Cryotop method, evaluating phosphatidylserine (PS) exteriorization and caspases activation. R was added during IVM (A); 2 h postwarming incubation (B); vitrification/warming and 2 h postwarming incubation (C); all previous phases (D). Data on PS exteriorization showed, in each treated group, a significantly higher (P < 0.05) percentage of live nonapoptotic oocytes as compared with CTR; moreover, the percentage of live apoptotic oocytes was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in all R-treated groups relative to CTR. The results on caspase activation showed a tendency to an increase of viable oocytes with inactive caspases in B, C, and D, while a significant (P < 0.05) increase in A compared to CTR was recorded. These data demonstrate that R supplementation in various phases of IVM and vitrification/warming procedure can modulate the apoptotic process, improving the resistance of porcine oocytes to cryopreservation-induced damage.
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Indumathy S, Dass CR. Finding chemo: the search for marine-based pharmaceutical drugs active against cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:1280-301. [PMID: 23927467 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cancer affects the health of many people globally. The most common treatment that is used for cancer is chemotherapy, which has shown promising results but not without side effects. Some of these side effects jeopardise further treatment, and this eventually leads to advanced stages of malignancy and mortality. As a result, there is a need for better and safer anticancer compounds such as those found naturally. One of the most abundant natural environments to find such compounds is the sea, and this vast resource has been biomined since the 1950s. KEY FINDINGS There are currently three marine anticancer agents marketed (Yondelis, Cytosar-U and Halaven), with several others undergoing clinical trials. This review discusses marine-derived products in clinical use and in clinical trials, and discusses available literature on the growth suppression or pro-apoptotic properties of these compounds, and the molecular mechanisms underpinning these cell biological phenomena. SUMMARY The marine environment may hold promising anticancer compounds within its depths, warranting further research to be performed in this area, albeit with respect for the natural ecosystems that are being explored for drug discover and subsequently used for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivanjah Indumathy
- College of Biomedicine and Health, Victoria University, St Albans, Vic, Australia
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Wang Q, Cheng XL, Zhang DY, Gao XJ, Zhou L, Qin XY, Xie GY, Liu K, Qin Y, Liu BL, Qin MJ. Tectorigenin Attenuates Palmitate-Induced Endothelial Insulin Resistance via Targeting ROS-Associated Inflammation and IRS-1 Pathway. PLoS One 2013; 8:e66417. [PMID: 23840461 PMCID: PMC3686685 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0066417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tectorigenin is a plant isoflavonoid originally isolated from the dried flower of Pueraria thomsonii Benth. Although its anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycosemia effects have been well documented, the effect of tectorigenin on endothelial dysfunction insulin resistance involved has not yet been reported. Herein, this study aims to investigate the action of tectorigenin on amelioration of insulin resistance in the endothelium. Palmitic acid (PA) was chosen as a stimulant to induce ROS production in endothelial cells and successfully established insulin resistance evidenced by the specific impairment of insulin PI3K signaling. Tectorigenin effectively inhibited the ability of PA to induce the production of reactive oxygen species and collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential. Moreover, tectorigenin presented strong inhibition effect on ROS-associated inflammation, as TNF-α and IL-6 production in endothelial cells was greatly reduced with suppression of IKKβ/NF-κB phosphorylation and JNK activation. Tectorigenin also can inhibit inflammation-stimulated IRS-1 serine phosphorylation and restore the impaired insulin PI3K signaling, leading to a decreased NO production. These results demonstrated its positive regulation of insulin action in the endothelium. Meanwhile, tectorigenin down-regulated endothelin-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 overexpression, and restored the loss of insulin-mediated vasodilation in rat aorta. These findings suggested that tectorigenin could inhibit ROS-associated inflammation and ameliorated endothelial dysfunction implicated in insulin resistance through regulating IRS-1 function. Tectorigenin might have potential to be applied for the management of cardiovascular diseases involved in diabetes and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Lan Cheng
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macao, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Ying Qin
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guo-Yong Xie
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Qin
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min-Jian Qin
- Department of Resource Science of Traditional Chinese Medicines, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Astaxanthin attenuates the apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells in db/db mice by inhibition of oxidative stress. Mar Drugs 2013; 11:960-74. [PMID: 23519150 PMCID: PMC3705382 DOI: 10.3390/md11030960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2012] [Revised: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 03/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy is a common diabetic eye disease caused by changes in retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). It is an ocular manifestation of systemic disease, which affects up to 80% of all patients who have had diabetes for 10 years or more. The genetically diabetic db/db mouse, as a model of type-2 diabetes, shows diabetic retinopathy induced by apoptosis of RGCs. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid with powerful antioxidant properties that exists naturally in various plants, algae and seafood. Here, astaxanthin was shown to reduce the apoptosis of RGCs and improve the levels of oxidative stress markers, including superoxide anion, malondialdehyde (MDA, a marker of lipid peroxidation), 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, indicator of oxidative DNA damage) and MnSOD (manganese superoxide dismutase) activity in the retinal tissue of db/db mouse. In addition, astaxanthin attenuated hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)-induced apoptosis in the transformed rat retinal ganglion cell line RGC-5. Therefore, astaxanthin may be developed as an antioxidant drug to treat diabetic retinopathy.
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Guo XD, Zhang DY, Gao XJ, Parry J, Liu K, Liu BL, Wang M. Quercetin and quercetin-3-O
-glucuronide are equally effective in ameliorating endothelial insulin resistance through inhibition of reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1037-45. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Revised: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Dan Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; YangLing Shaanxi P. R. China
| | - Dong-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy; Henan Provincial People's Hospital; Zhengzhou P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jiao Gao
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - John Parry
- Agricultural Research Station; Virginia State University; Petersburg VA USA
| | - Kang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Bao-Lin Liu
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medica; China Pharmaceutical University; Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Min Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering; Northwest A&F University; YangLing Shaanxi P. R. China
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Zhang D, Gao X, Wang Q, Qin M, Liu K, Huang F, Liu B. Kakkalide ameliorates endothelial insulin resistance by suppressing reactive oxygen species-associated inflammation. J Diabetes 2013. [PMID: 23190749 DOI: 10.1111/1753-0407.12017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kakkalide is the predominant isoflavone derived from the flowers of Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of kakkalide on insulin resistance in the endothelium. METHODS Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were stimulated with 100 μmol/L palmitate (PA) for 30 min and the effects of 30 min pretreatment with 0.1-10 μmol/L kakkalide on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-associated inflammation in cells were evaluated by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Furthermore, we investigated the biomodulation of insulin signaling by kakkalide along the insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1/Akt/endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) pathway. We also determined the effects of 30 min pretreatment with 0.1-10 μmol/L kakkalide on insulin-mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilation of rat aorta in vitro following stimulation with 100 μmol/L PA. RESULTS Kakkalide inhibited ROS overproduction and effectively restored mitochondrial membrane potential, demonstrating its chemoprotection of mitochondrial function. In addition, kakkalide inhibited ROS-associated inflammation in the endothelium by inhibiting tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 production and gene expression, as well as suppressing the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and IκB kinase β/nuclear factor-κB. Inflammation impaired insulin phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and reduced insulin-mediated NO production in endothelial cells. Kakkalide facilitated PI3K signaling by positively regulating serine/tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS-1. CONCLUSIONS Kakkalide inhibited ROS-associated inflammation and ameliorated insulin-resistant endothelial dysfunction by beneficial effects on IRS-1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology of Chinese Materia Medic, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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Brantley MA, Sternberg P. Mechanisms of Oxidative Stress in Retinal Injury. Retina 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-1-4557-0737-9.00022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Acero N, Muñoz-Mingarro D. Effect on tumor necrosis factor-α production and antioxidant ability of black alder, as factors related to its anti-inflammatory properties. J Med Food 2012; 15:542-8. [PMID: 22424456 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2011.0281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alders exhibit several uses in different areas and also offer some nutritional and medicinal values. The bark and leaves from black alder [Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn] are used in folk medicine for the treatment of inflammatory processes and other health disorders. This study assessed if an extract of A. glutinosa stem bark exhibits some biological properties linked to improving the inflammatory state, which could partly justify its ethnopharmacological use. Therefore, various aspects of antioxidant activity as well as the effect on tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production were evaluated. The phytochemical study revealed the presence of terpenes, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and anthraquinones (by high-performance thin-layer chromatography). The betulinic acid content in the extract, determined by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (validated method), was 0.72±0.027%. In addition, high amounts for total phenols as well as flavonoids were determined. The extract exhibited a 2,2'-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity similar to that of ascorbic acid and had a significant effect on superoxide anion scavenging, superior to that of ascorbic acid. It was also able to protect HeLa cells from induced oxidative stress. In the TNF-α assay, levels of this citokine were depressed by the extract in HL-60 cells. To test the effect of the extract on cell proliferation, a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay was performed. According to the results, the antioxidant properties displayed by the extract of A. glutinosa stem bark, together with the effect on TNF-α levels, suggest that these activities, linked to a successful reduction in inflammatory processes, may support, in part, its ethnopharmacological use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Acero
- Department of Biology, School of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, Madrid, Spain
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ER stress and apoptosis: a new mechanism for retinal cell death. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2011; 2012:589589. [PMID: 22216020 PMCID: PMC3246718 DOI: 10.1155/2012/589589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2011] [Accepted: 09/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary subcellular organelle where proteins are synthesized and folded. When the homeostasis of the ER is disturbed, unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulate in the ER lumen, resulting in ER stress. In response to ER stress, cells activate a set of tightly controlled regulatory programs, known as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to restore the normal function of the ER. However, if ER stress is sustained and the adaptive UPR fails to eliminate unfolded/misfolded proteins, apoptosis will occur to remove the stressed cells. In recent years, a large body of studies has shown that ER stress-induced apoptosis is implicated in numerous human diseases, such as diabetes and neurogenerative diseases. Moreover, emerging evidence supports a role of ER stress in retinal apoptosis and cell death in blinding disorders such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. In the present review, we summarize recent progress on ER stress and apoptosis in retinal diseases, focusing on various proapoptotic and antiapoptotic pathways that are activated by the UPR, and discuss how these pathways contribute to ER stress-induced apoptosis in retinal cells.
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Octyl and dodecyl gallates induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in a melanoma cell line. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 25:2025-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Durazo SA, Kadam RS, Drechsel D, Patel M, Kompella UB. Brain mitochondrial drug delivery: influence of drug physicochemical properties. Pharm Res 2011; 28:2833-47. [PMID: 21796482 PMCID: PMC5510476 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0532-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2011] [Accepted: 06/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the influence of drug physicochemical properties on brain mitochondrial delivery of 20 drugs at physiological pH. METHODS The delivery of 8 cationic drugs (beta-blockers), 6 neutral drugs (corticosteroids), and 6 anionic drugs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) to isolated rat brain mitochondria was determined with and without membrane depolarization. Multiple linear regression was used to determine whether lipophilicity (Log D), charge, polarizability, polar surface area (PSA), and molecular weight influence mitochondrial delivery. RESULTS The Log D for beta-blockers, corticosteroids, and NSAIDs was in the range of -1.41 to 1.37, 0.72 to 2.97, and -0.98 to 2, respectively. The % mitochondrial uptake increased exponentially with an increase in Log D for each class of drugs, with the uptake at a given lipophilicity obeying the rank order cationic>anionic>neutral. Valinomycin reduced membrane potential and the delivery of positively charged propranolol and betaxolol. The best equation for the combined data set was Log % Uptake = 0.333 Log D + 0.157 Charge - 0.887 Log PSA + 2.032 (R(2) = 0.738). CONCLUSIONS Drug lipopohilicity, charge, and polar surface area and membrane potential influence mitochondrial drug delivery, with the uptake of positively charged, lipophilic molecules being the most efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley A Durazo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, 12850 E. Montview Blvd., Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
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Higgins GC, Devenish RJ, Beart PM, Nagley P. Autophagic activity in cortical neurons under acute oxidative stress directly contributes to cell death. Cell Mol Life Sci 2011; 68:3725-40. [PMID: 21437645 PMCID: PMC11115140 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-011-0667-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 02/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Primary neurons undergo insult-dependent programmed cell death. We examined autophagy as a process contributing to cell death in cortical neurons after treatment with either hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) or staurosporine. Although caspase-9 activation and cleavage of procaspase-3 were significant following staurosporine treatment, neither was observed following H(2)O(2) treatment, indicating a non-apoptotic death. Autophagic activity increased rapidly with H(2)O(2), but slowly with staurosporine, as quantified by processing of endogenous LC3. Autophagic induction by both stressors increased the abundance of fluorescent puncta formed by GFP-LC3, which could be blocked by 3-methyladenine. Significantly, such inhibition of autophagy blocked cell death induced by H(2)O(2) but not staurosporine. Suppression of Atg7 inhibited cell death by H(2)O(2), but not staurosporine, whereas suppression of Beclin 1 prevented cell death by both treatments, suggesting it has a complex role regulating both apoptosis and autophagy. We conclude that autophagic mechanisms are activated in an insult-dependent manner and that H(2)O(2) induces autophagic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C. Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 13D, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Rodney J. Devenish
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 13D, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Philip M. Beart
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010 Australia
| | - Phillip Nagley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 13D, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Structural and Functional Microbial Genomics, Monash University, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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Effects of calcium ion, calpains, and calcium channel blockers on retinitis pigmentosa. J Ophthalmol 2010; 2011:292040. [PMID: 21253505 PMCID: PMC3021879 DOI: 10.1155/2011/292040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in molecular genetic studies have revealed many of the causative genes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). These achievements have provided clues to the mechanisms of photoreceptor degeneration in RP. Apoptosis is known to be a final common pathway in RP and, therefore, a possible therapeutic target for photoreceptor rescue. However, apoptosis is not a single molecular cascade, but consists of many different reactions such as caspase-dependent and caspase-independent pathways commonly leading to DNA fractionation and cell death. The intracellular concentration of calcium ions is also known to increase in apoptosis. These findings suggest that calpains, one of the calcium-dependent proteinases, play some roles in the process of photoreceptor apoptosis and that calcium channel antagonists may potentially inhibit photoreceptor apoptosis. Herein, the effects of calpains and calcium channel antagonists on photoreceptor degeneration are reviewed.
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Chen HM, Yan XJ, Wang F, Xu WF, Zhang L. Assessment of the oxidative cellular toxicity of a κ-carrageenan oxidative degradation product towards Caco-2 cells. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2010.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Polaniak R, Bułdak RJ, Karoń M, Birkner K, Kukla M, Zwirska-Korczala K, Birkner E. Influence of an extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-EMF) on antioxidative vitamin E properties in AT478 murine squamous cell carcinoma culture in vitro. Int J Toxicol 2010; 29:221-30. [PMID: 20335516 DOI: 10.1177/1091581809352011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of vitamin E and an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF-EMF) and their combination in different time intervals of exposure of vitamin E (tocopherol) on the AT478 murine squamous cell carcinoma line. This study provides insight into the influence of correlations between ELF-EMF and vitamin E supplementation on antioxidant enzyme activity in malignant cells in vitro. Following vitamin E treatment, activity of the antioxidant enzymes is increased in an exposure-dependent manner compared with the untreated group. Application of ELF-EMF alone or with vitamin E increases both superoxide dismutase isoenzymes and glutathione peroxidase activities in comparison to the control group. The results suggest that ELF-EMF alters antioxidative activities of vitamin E in AT478 tumor cells. This study confirms the role of vitamin E in decreasing susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in AT478 tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Polaniak
- Department of General Biochemistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poland.
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Galbinur T, Obolensky A, Berenshtein E, Vinokur V, Chowers I, Chevion M, Banin E. Effect of para-aminobenzoic acid on the course of retinal degeneration in the rd10 mouse. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2010; 25:475-82. [PMID: 20028256 DOI: 10.1089/jop.2009.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent evidence suggests that oxidative injury plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of retinal degenerative diseases. Para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a cyclic amino acid, which may act to decrease lipid peroxidation and oxidative injury. Our aim was to evaluate the efficacy of PABA in attenuating oxidative injury and rate of retinal degeneration in the rd10 mouse. METHODS PABA (50 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally six times per week in 28 rd10 mice from postnatal day 3. Twenty-four littermate control mice were similarly injected with saline. At 3, 4.5, and 6 weeks of age, electrophysiological (full field electroretinogram-ERG), quantitative histological, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to assess the course and extent of retinal degeneration. Degree of lipid peroxidation was determined by the measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and retinal carbonyl content was quantified using the 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine method. RESULTS Dark adapted mixed rod-cone ERG responses at 3 weeks of age were higher in the PABA-treated group as compared to saline control (P < 0.05). By 4.5 weeks, this protective effect was largely abolished and by 6 weeks ERG was unrecordable in both groups. However, at both 3 and 4.5 weeks of age, light-adapted cone ERG amplitudes were better preserved in PABA-treated animals. At 4.5 weeks, thickness of the outer nuclear layer was 28.6% higher in the peripheral retina of PABA-treated mice as compared to controls (P < 0.05). Quantitative immunohistochemistry revealed 2.4-fold higher red/green cone opsin content in the retinas of PABA-treated mice (P < 0.005). At both 3 and 4.5 weeks, levels of TBARS and protein carbonyls were 49%-69% lower in PABA-treated retinas (P < 0.05-0.0005), suggesting less oxidative injury. CONCLUSIONS PABA treatment may protect retinal function and attenuate the course of retinal degeneration in rd10 mice. Biochemical parameters indicate a lower degree of oxidative injury in PABA-treated retinas. PABA may potentially serve as an addition to antioxidative treatment for retinal and macular degenerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tural Galbinur
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Schools of Medicine and Dental Medicine, Jerusalem, Israel
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Multifaceted deaths orchestrated by mitochondria in neurones. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2010; 1802:167-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2009] [Revised: 09/07/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Higgins GC, Beart PM, Nagley P. Oxidative stress triggers neuronal caspase-independent death: endonuclease G involvement in programmed cell death-type III. Cell Mol Life Sci 2009; 66:2773-87. [PMID: 19582370 PMCID: PMC11115579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-009-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
To characterize neuronal death, primary cortical neurons (C57/Black 6 J mice) were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and staurosporine. Both caused cell shrinkage, nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation and loss of plasma membrane integrity. Neither treatment induced caspase-7 activity, but caspase-3 was activated by staurosporine but not H2O2. Each treatment caused redistribution from mitochondria of both endonuclease G (Endo G) and cytochrome c. Neurons knocked down for Endo G expression using siRNA showed reduction in both nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation after treatment with H2O2, but not staurosporine. Endo G suppression protected cells against H2O2-induced cell death, while staurosporine-induced death was merely delayed. We conclude that staurosporine induces apoptosis in these neurons, but severe oxidative stress leads to Endo G-dependent death, in the absence of caspase activation (programmed cell death-type III). Therefore, oxidative stress triggers in neurons a form of necrosis that is a systematic cellular response subject to molecular regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin C. Higgins
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 13D, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Philip M. Beart
- Florey Neuroscience Institutes and Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC Australia
| | - Phillip Nagley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Building 13D, Clayton Campus, Clayton, VIC 3800 Australia
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