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Alves S, Santos-Pereira C, Oliveira CSF, Preto A, Chaves SR, Côrte-Real M. Enhancement of Acetate-Induced Apoptosis of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Cathepsin D Inhibition Depends on Oligomycin A-Sensitive Respiration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:473. [PMID: 38672489 PMCID: PMC11048611 DOI: 10.3390/biom14040473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of death worldwide. Conventional therapies are available with varying effectiveness. Acetate, a short-chain fatty acid produced by human intestinal bacteria, triggers mitochondria-mediated apoptosis preferentially in CRC but not in normal colonocytes, which has spurred an interest in its use for CRC prevention/therapy. We previously uncovered that acetate-induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in CRC cells is significantly enhanced by the inhibition of the lysosomal protease cathepsin D (CatD), which indicates both mitochondria and the lysosome are involved in the regulation of acetate-induced apoptosis. Herein, we sought to determine whether mitochondrial function affects CatD apoptotic function. We found that enhancement of acetate-induced apoptosis by CatD inhibition depends on oligomycin A-sensitive respiration. Mechanistically, the potentiating effect is associated with an increase in cellular and mitochondrial superoxide anion accumulation and mitochondrial mass. Our results provide novel clues into the regulation of CatD function and the effect of tumor heterogeneity in the outcome of combined treatment using acetate and CatD inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Susana R. Chaves
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (C.S.-P.); (C.S.F.O.); (A.P.)
| | - Manuela Côrte-Real
- CBMA—Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal; (S.A.); (C.S.-P.); (C.S.F.O.); (A.P.)
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2
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Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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3
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Li Y, Wang X, Chen YH, Tan QQ, Liu XB, Tan C. Clusterin is upregulated by erastin, a ferroptosis inducer and exerts cytoprotective effects in pancreatic adenocarcinoma cells. Anticancer Drugs 2024; 35:227-236. [PMID: 38085677 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of cell death, which is distinguished from apoptosis and necrosis, and characterized by accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species (ROS) in an iron-dependent manner. Erastin, a small molecule, was widely reported to trigger ferroptosis in various kinds of cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells by inducing ROS accumulation. However, how erastin treatment exerts cytotoxicity is not still fully understood. In this study, the effects of erastin in causing pancreatic cancer cell death via inducing ferroptosis and apoptosis are investigated. As expected, erastin treatment caused ROS accumulation, increase in iron concentration and non-apoptotic cell death, which is different from that of induced by apoptosis inducer, staurosporine. Interestingly, erastin treatment caused the upregulation of clusterin, which contributes to the regulation of malignant behaviors of pancreatic cancer, including preventing apoptosis and inducing chemoresistance. Without erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin significantly promoted cell proliferation, which is consistent with its cytoprotective roles. After erastin treatment, overexpressed clusterin decreased erastin-induced ROS accumulation and cell death. By measuring iron concentration, reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), it is revealed that clusterin caused resistance to erastin-induced ferroptosis potentially via maintaining the enzymatic activity of GPX4, without disturbing GSH amount. Thus, ferroptosis inducer, erastin, may crosstalk with apoptotic cell death via regulating clusterin, indicating a more complex regulatory network between ferroptosis and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Li
- Division of Pancreatic Surgery, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Corkery D, Ursu A, Lucas B, Grigalunas M, Kriegler S, Oliva R, Dec R, Koska S, Pahl A, Sievers S, Ziegler S, Winter R, Wu YW, Waldmann H. Inducin Triggers LC3-Lipidation and ESCRT-Mediated Lysosomal Membrane Repair. Chembiochem 2023; 24:e202300579. [PMID: 37869939 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202300579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipidation of the LC3 protein has frequently been employed as a marker of autophagy. However, LC3-lipidation is also triggered by stimuli not related to canonical autophagy. Therefore, characterization of the driving parameters for LC3 lipidation is crucial to understanding the biological roles of LC3. We identified a pseudo-natural product, termed Inducin, that increases LC3 lipidation independently of canonical autophagy, impairs lysosomal function and rapidly recruits Galectin 3 to lysosomes. Inducin treatment promotes Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport (ESCRT)-dependent membrane repair and transcription factor EB (TFEB)-dependent lysosome biogenesis ultimately leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Corkery
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Andrei Ursu
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Belén Lucas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Michael Grigalunas
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Simon Kriegler
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Rosario Oliva
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Present address: Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Cintia 4, Naples, 80126, Italy
| | - Robert Dec
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sandra Koska
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Axel Pahl
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Sonja Sievers
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Slava Ziegler
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Roland Winter
- Physical Chemistry I - Biophysical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 4a, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Yao-Wen Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå Centre for Microbial Research, Umeå, SE-90187, Sweden
| | - Herbert Waldmann
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Planck Institute of Molecular Physiology, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 11, 44227, Dortmund, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Technical University Dortmund, Otto-Hahn-Strasse 6, Dortmund, 44227, Germany
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5
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Li X, Zhang T, Kang L, Xin R, Sun M, Chen Q, Pei J, Chen Q, Gao X, Lin Z. Apoptotic caspase-7 activation inhibits non-canonical pyroptosis by GSDMB cleavage. Cell Death Differ 2023; 30:2120-2134. [PMID: 37591921 PMCID: PMC10482963 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-023-01211-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
GSDMB is associated with several inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, sepsis and colitis. GZMA is released by cytotoxic lymphocytes and cleaves GSDMB at the K244 site and to induce GSDMB N-terminus dependent pyroptosis. This cleavage of GSDMB is noncell autonomous. In this study, we demonstrated that the GSDMB-N domain (1-91 aa) was important for a novel cell-autonomous function and that GSDMB could bind caspase-4 and promote noncanonical pyroptosis. Furthermore, activated caspase-7 cleaved GSDMB at the D91 site to block GSDMB-mediated promotion of noncanonical pyroptosis during apoptosis. Mechanistically, the cleaved GSDMB-C-terminus (92-417 aa) binds to the GSDMB-N-terminus (1-91 aa) to block the function of GSDMB. During E. coli and S. Typhimurium infection, inhibition of the caspase-7/GSDMB axis resulted in more pyroptotic cells. Furthermore, in a septic mouse model, caspase-7 inhibition or deficiency in GSDMB-transgenic mice led to more severe disease phenotypes. Overall, we demonstrate that apoptotic caspase-7 activation inhibits non-canonical pyroptosis by cleaving GSDMB and provide new targets for sepsis therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianxun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Lulu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Ruyue Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Minli Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Qianyue Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Jingwen Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China
| | - Qin Chen
- Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu District, Shanghai, CN, 200240, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
| | - Zhaoyu Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, MOE Key Laboratory of Model Animals for Disease Study, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Model Animal Research Center, National Resource Center for Mutant Mice of China, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210061, China.
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6
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Morse PT, Pérez-Mejías G, Wan J, Turner AA, Márquez I, Kalpage HA, Vaishnav A, Zurek MP, Huettemann PP, Kim K, Arroum T, De la Rosa MA, Chowdhury DD, Lee I, Brunzelle JS, Sanderson TH, Malek MH, Meierhofer D, Edwards BFP, Díaz-Moreno I, Hüttemann M. Cytochrome c lysine acetylation regulates cellular respiration and cell death in ischemic skeletal muscle. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4166. [PMID: 37443314 PMCID: PMC10345088 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is more resilient to ischemia-reperfusion injury than other organs. Tissue specific post-translational modifications of cytochrome c (Cytc) are involved in ischemia-reperfusion injury by regulating mitochondrial respiration and apoptosis. Here, we describe an acetylation site of Cytc, lysine 39 (K39), which was mapped in ischemic porcine skeletal muscle and removed by sirtuin5 in vitro. Using purified protein and cellular double knockout models, we show that K39 acetylation and acetylmimetic K39Q replacement increases cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity and ROS scavenging while inhibiting apoptosis via decreased binding to Apaf-1, caspase cleavage and activity, and cardiolipin peroxidase activity. These results are discussed with X-ray crystallography structures of K39 acetylated (1.50 Å) and acetylmimetic K39Q Cytc (1.36 Å) and NMR dynamics. We propose that K39 acetylation is an adaptive response that controls electron transport chain flux, allowing skeletal muscle to meet heightened energy demand while simultaneously providing the tissue with robust resilience to ischemia-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul T Morse
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Gonzalo Pérez-Mejías
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Junmei Wan
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Alice A Turner
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Inmaculada Márquez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Hasini A Kalpage
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Asmita Vaishnav
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Matthew P Zurek
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Philipp P Huettemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Katherine Kim
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Tasnim Arroum
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Miguel A De la Rosa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Dipanwita Dutta Chowdhury
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Icksoo Lee
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Joseph S Brunzelle
- Life Sciences Collaborative Access Team, Northwestern University, Center for Synchrotron Research, Argonne, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Thomas H Sanderson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Moh H Malek
- Department of Health Care Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy & Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - David Meierhofer
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Brian F P Edwards
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, Universidad de Sevilla - CSIC, 41092, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Maik Hüttemann
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48201, USA.
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7
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Khot M, Sood A, Pushpa Tryphena K, Pinjala P, Srivastava S, Bala Singh S, Kumar Khatri D. Dimethyl fumarate ameliorates Parkinsonian pathology by modulating autophagy and apoptosis via Nrf2-TIGAR-LAMP2/Cathepsin D axis. Brain Res 2023; 1815:148462. [PMID: 37315723 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Mounting evidence suggests a role for oxidative stress and accumulation of dysfunctional organelle and misfolded proteins in PD. Autophagosomes mediate the clearance of these cytoplasmic proteins via delivery to lysosomes to form autophagolysosomes, followed by degradation of the protein by lysosomal enzymes. In PD, autophagolysosome accumulation occurs initiating a plethora of events resulting in neuronal death by apoptosis. This study evaluated the effect of Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 activator in the rotenone-induced mouse PD model. In PD mice, there was decreased expression of LAMP2 and LC3, which resulted in inhibition of autophagic flux and increased expression of cathepsin D, which mediated apoptosis. The role of Nrf2 activation in alleviating oxidative stress is well known. Our study elucidated the novel mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effect of DMF. The loss of dopaminergic neurons induced by rotenone was lessened to a significant extent by pre-treatment with DMF. DMF promoted autophagosome formation and inhibited apoptosis by removing the inhibitory effect of p53 on TIGAR. TIGAR expression upregulated LAMP2 expression and downregulated Cathepsin D, promoting autophagy and inhibiting apoptosis. Thus, it was proved that DMF confers neuroprotection against rotenone-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration and could be used as a potential therapeutic agent for PD and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayuri Khot
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Anika Sood
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Poojitha Pinjala
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular & Cellular Neuroscience Lab, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)-Hyderabad, 500037, Telangana, India.
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8
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Phung NV, Rong F, Xia WY, Fan Y, Li XY, Wang SA, Li FL. Nervonic acid and its sphingolipids: Biological functions and potential food applications. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37114919 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2203753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Nervonic acid, a 24-carbon fatty acid with only one double bond at the 9th carbon (C24:1n-9), is abundant in the human brain, liver, and kidney. It not only functions in free form but also serves as a critical component of sphingolipids which participate in many biological processes such as cell membrane formation, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. Recent studies show that nervonic acid supplementation is not only beneficial to human health but also can improve the many medical conditions such as neurological diseases, cancers, diabetes, obesity, and their complications. Nervonic acid and its sphingomyelins serve as a special material for myelination in infants and remyelination patients with multiple sclerosis. Besides, the administration of nervonic acid is reported to reduce motor disorder in mice with Parkinson's disease and limit weight gain. Perturbations of nervonic acid and its sphingolipids might lead to the pathogenesis of many diseases and understanding these mechanisms is critical for investigating potential therapeutic approaches for such diseases. However, available studies about this aspect are limited. In this review, relevant findings about functional mechanisms of nervonic acid have been comprehensively and systematically described, focusing on four interconnected functions: cellular structure, signaling, anti-inflammation, lipid mobilization, and their related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nghi Van Phung
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Fei Rong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wan Yue Xia
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian Yu Li
- China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shi An Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
| | - Fu Li Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Qingdao C1 Refinery Engineering Research Center, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao, China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, China
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9
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Choi YJ, Choi YK, Ko SG, Cheon C, Kim TY. Investigation of Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Sensitivity to the Anti-Cancer Activity of Costunolide in Breast Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044009. [PMID: 36835418 PMCID: PMC9965698 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Costunolide (CTL), an active compound isolated from Saussurea lappa Clarke and Laurus nobilis L, has been shown to induce apoptosis via reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in various types of cancer cells. However, details of molecular mechanisms underlying the difference in sensitivity of cancer cells to CTL are still largely unknown. Here, we tested the effect of CTL on the viability of breast cancer cells and found that CTL had a more efficient cytotoxic effect against SK-BR-3 cells than MCF-7 cells. Mechanically, ROS levels were significantly increased upon CTL treatment only in SK-BR-3 cells, which leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and cathepsin D release, and subsequent activation of the mitochondrial-dependent intrinsic apoptotic pathway by inducing mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP). In contrast, treatment of MCF-7 cells with CTL activated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy to remove damaged mitochondria, which prevented the elevation of ROS levels, thereby contributing to their reduced sensitivity to CTL. These results suggest that CTL is a potent anti-cancer agent, and its combination with the inhibition of mitophagy could be an effective method for treating breast cancer cells that are less sensitive to CTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jeong Choi
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Kyung Choi
- Jeju Research Center for Natural Medicine, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Chunhoo Cheon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (T.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (C.C.); +82-42-878-9155 (T.Y.K.)
| | - Tai Young Kim
- Center for Cognition and Sociality, Institute for Basic Science, Daejeon 34126, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (T.Y.K.); Tel.: +82-2-961-0329 (C.C.); +82-42-878-9155 (T.Y.K.)
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10
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Cathepsins Trigger Cell Death and Regulate Radioresistance in Glioblastoma. Cells 2022; 11:cells11244108. [PMID: 36552871 PMCID: PMC9777369 DOI: 10.3390/cells11244108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) remains very challenging, and it is particularly important to find sensitive and specific molecular targets. In this work, we reveal the relationship between the expression of cathepsins and radioresistance in GBM. We analyzed cathepsins (cathepsin B, cathepsin D, cathepsin L, and cathepsin Z/X), which are highly associated with the radioresistance of GBM by regulating different types of cell death. Cathepsins could be potential targets for GBM treatment.
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11
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Bhadra K. A Mini Review on Molecules Inducing Caspase-Independent Cell Death: A New Route to Cancer Therapy. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196401. [PMID: 36234938 PMCID: PMC9572491 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most anticancer treatments trigger tumor cell death through apoptosis, where initiation of proteolytic action of caspase protein is a basic need. But under certain circumstances, apoptosis is prevented by the apoptosis inhibitor proteins, survivin and Hsp70. Several drugs focusing on classical programmed death of the cell have been reported to have low anti-tumorogenic potency due to mutations in proteins involved in the caspase-dependent programmed cell death with intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. This review concentrates on the role of anti-cancer drug molecules targeting alternative pathways of cancer cell death for treatment, by providing a molecular basis for the new strategies of novel anti-cancer treatment. Under these conditions, active agents targeting alternative cell death pathways can be considered as potent chemotherapeutic drugs. Many natural compounds and other small molecules, such as inorganic and synthetic compounds, including several repurposing drugs, are reported to cause caspase-independent cell death in the system. However, few molecules indicated both caspase-dependent as well caspase-free cell death in specific cancer lines. Cancer cells have alternative methods of caspase-independent programmed cell death which are equally promising for being targeted by small molecules. These small molecules may be useful leads for rational therapeutic drug design, and can be of potential interest for future cancer-preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakali Bhadra
- Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Nadia, Kalyani 741235, India
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12
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Reactive oxygen species-dependent upregulation of death receptor, tumor necrosis factor receptor 1, is responsible for theophylline-mediated cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2022; 33:731-740. [PMID: 35946512 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Theophylline, a methylxanthine drug, has been used as a therapy for respiratory diseases. Recently, it has also been shown to have a potential in treating different cancers. Also, it has shown promising results in clinical trials for AML in combination therapy. Subsequently, studies have shown theophylline to kill breast cancer cells but not normal breast cells. Therefore, in this study, we have explored the molecular mechanism underlying the cytotoxic effect of theophylline on breast cancer cells. Theophylline-treated cancer cells were analyzed for the transcript and protein expression of candidate apoptotic genes such as TNFR1, caspase-8, -9, -3 using qPCR and immunoblotting, respectively. Cell viability and apoptosis was measured in the presence or absence of TNFR1 inhibitor, R7050, using AO/EtBr staining and MTT assay, respectively. Similarly, oxidative stress was studied by analyzing ROS in the presence or absence of ROS inhibitor, NAC, using DCFDA assay. Theophylline caused reduced cell viability in cancer but not normal cells. Theophylline-treated breast cancer cells showed increased expression of death receptor, TNFR1, along with elevated levels of active caspase-8, -9 and -3. Inhibition of TNFR1 reduced caspase-dependent apoptosis even in the presence of theophylline. Theophylline further caused increased ROS generation, inhibition of which resulted in reduced TNFR1-mediated apoptosis. Theophylline also increased cathepsin activity, which was reduced on exposure of cells to TNFR1 inhibitor, R7050. We conclude that ROS-mediated activation of TNFR1 is responsible for caspase-3 and cathepsin-dependent cell death in breast cancer cells on exposure to theophylline.
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Chang SH, Lin PY, Wu TK, Hsu CS, Huang SW, Li ZY, Liu KT, Kao JK, Chen YJ, Wong TW, Wu CY, Shieh JJ. Imiquimod-induced ROS production causes lysosomal membrane permeabilization and activates caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in skin cancer cells. J Dermatol Sci 2022; 107:142-150. [PMID: 36075780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal cell death is induced by lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and the subsequent release of lysosomal proteolytic enzymes, including cathepsins (CTSs), which results in mitochondrial dysfunction and apoptosis. Imiquimod (IMQ), a synthetic TLR7 ligand, has both antiviral and antitumor activity against various skin malignancies in clinical treatment. Previously, we demonstrated IMQ not only caused lysosomal dysfunction but also triggered lysosome biogenesis to achieve lysosomal adaptation in cancer cells. OBJECTIVE To determine whether lysosomes are involved in IMQ-induced apoptosis. METHODS The human skin cancer cell lines BCC, A375 and mouse melanoma cell line B16F10 were used in all experiments. Cell death was determined by the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and DNA content assay. Protein expression was determined by immunoblotting. Caspase-8 activity was assessed using a fluorescence caspase-8 kit and determined by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS IMQ not only induced lysosome damage but also abrogated lysosome function in skin cancer cells. IMQ-induced caspase-8 activation contributed to the processes of lysosomal cell death. Moreover, the use of ROS scavengers significantly abolished caspase-8 activation and inhibited IMQ-induced LMP. Additionally, pharmacological inhibition of CTSD not only abrogated caspase-8 activation but also rescued IMQ-induced cell death. Finally, lysosome-alkalizing agents enhanced the cytotoxicity of IMQ in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS IMQ-induced ROS accumulation promotes LMP, releases CTSs into the cytosol, stimulates caspase-8 activation and finally causes lysosomal cell death. Lysosomal cell death and the CTSD/caspase-8 axis may play a crucial role in IMQ-induced cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Hao Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ying Lin
- Center for Cell Therapy and Translation Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsai-Kun Wu
- Division of Renal Medicine, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sheng Hsu
- Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Wei Huang
- Center for Cell Therapy and Translation Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zheng-Yi Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Ting Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Kai Kao
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Frontier Molecular Medical Research Center in Children, Changhua Christian Children Hospital, Changhua County, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ju Chen
- Post Baccalaureate Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Dermatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tak-Wah Wong
- Department of Dermatology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ying Wu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jeng-Jer Shieh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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14
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Tanaka T, Warner BM, Michael DG, Nakamura H, Odani T, Yin H, Atsumi T, Noguchi M, Chiorini JA. LAMP3 inhibits autophagy and contributes to cell death by lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Autophagy 2022; 18:1629-1647. [PMID: 34802379 PMCID: PMC9298453 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1995150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABBREVIATIONS A253-control: A253 control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; A253- LAMP3: A253 LAPM3 stable overexpression; CASP1: caspase 1; CASP3: caspase 3; CHX: cycloheximide; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; CQ: chloroquine; DCs: dendritic cells; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; LGALS3: galectin 3; HCV: hepatitis C virus; HSG-control: HSG control for LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSG-LAMP3: HSG LAMP3 stable overexpression; HSP: heat shock protein; HTLV-1: human T-lymphocyte leukemia virus-1; IXA: ixazomib; LAMP: lysosomal associated membrane protein; MHC: major histocompatibility complex; mAb: monoclonal antibody; OE: overexpression; pepA: pepstatin A; pAb: polyclonal antibody; pSS: primary Sjögren syndrome; qRT-PCR: quantitative real- time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; SLE: systemic lupus erythematosus; SS: Sjögren syndrome; UPR: unfolded protein response; V-ATPase: vacuolar-type proton- translocating ATPase; Y-VAD: Ac-YVAD-cmk; Z-DEVD; Z-DEVD-fmk; Z-VAD: Z-VAD- fmk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsutomu Tanaka
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Blake M. Warner
- Salivary Disorders Unit, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Drew G. Michael
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Toshio Odani
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hongen Yin
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuya Atsumi
- Department of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masayuki Noguchi
- Division of Cancer Biology, Institute for Genetic Medicine Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - John A. Chiorini
- Adeno-Associated Virus Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Kim WD, Wilson-Smillie MLDM, Thanabalasingam A, Lefrancois S, Cotman SL, Huber RJ. Autophagy in the Neuronal Ceroid Lipofuscinoses (Batten Disease). Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:812728. [PMID: 35252181 PMCID: PMC8888908 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.812728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), also referred to as Batten disease, are a family of neurodegenerative diseases that affect all age groups and ethnicities around the globe. At least a dozen NCL subtypes have been identified that are each linked to a mutation in a distinct ceroid lipofuscinosis neuronal (CLN) gene. Mutations in CLN genes cause the accumulation of autofluorescent lipoprotein aggregates, called ceroid lipofuscin, in neurons and other cell types outside the central nervous system. The mechanisms regulating the accumulation of this material are not entirely known. The CLN genes encode cytosolic, lysosomal, and integral membrane proteins that are associated with a variety of cellular processes, and accumulated evidence suggests they participate in shared or convergent biological pathways. Research across a variety of non-mammalian and mammalian model systems clearly supports an effect of CLN gene mutations on autophagy, suggesting that autophagy plays an essential role in the development and progression of the NCLs. In this review, we summarize research linking the autophagy pathway to the NCLs to guide future work that further elucidates the contribution of altered autophagy to NCL pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- William D. Kim
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Aruban Thanabalasingam
- Environmental and Life Sciences Graduate Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Stephane Lefrancois
- Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de La Recherche Scientifique, Laval, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre D'Excellence en Recherche sur Les Maladies Orphelines–Fondation Courtois (CERMO-FC), Université Du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L. Cotman
- Department of Neurology, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Robert J. Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
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16
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Cao ZM, Qiang J, Zhu JH, Li HX, Tao YF, He J, Xu P, Dong ZJ. Transcriptional inhibition of steroidogenic factor 1 in vivo in Oreochromis niloticus increased weight and suppressed gonad development. Gene 2022; 809:146023. [PMID: 34673205 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Steroidogenic factor 1 (sf1) (officially designated as nuclear receptor subfamily 5 group A member 1 [NR5A1]) is an important regulator of gonad development. Previous studies on sf1 in fish have been limited to cloning and in vitro expression experiments. In this study, we used antisense RNA to down-regulate sf1 transcription and sf1 protein expression. Down-regulation of sf1 resulted in an increase in body weight and inhibition of gonadal development in both males and females with the consequent lower gonadosomatic index compared to fish in the control group. Hematoxylin-eosin staining of the gonads of fish with down-regulated sf1 revealed fewer seminiferous tubules and sperm in the testis of males. In addition, the oocytes were mainly stage II and many of them were atretic follicle. We conducted comparative transcriptome and proteome analyses between the sf1-down-regulated group and the control group. These analyses revealed multiple gene-protein pairs and pathways involved in regulating the observed changes, including 44 and 74 differently expressed genes and proteins in males and females, respectively. The results indicated that dysfunctional retinal metabolism and fatty acid metabolism could be causes of the observed weight gain and gonad abnormalities in sf1-down-regulated fish. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of using antisense RNA for gene editing in fish. This methodology allows the study gene function in species less amenable to gene editing as for example aquaculture species with long life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Ming Cao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Qiang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China
| | - Jun-Hao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong-Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fan Tao
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie He
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi 214081, China.
| | - Zai-Jie Dong
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi 214081, Jiangsu, China.
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17
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Moraes JDN, Francisco AF, Dill LM, Diniz RS, Oliveira CSD, Silva TMRD, Caldeira CADS, Corrêa EDA, Coutinho-Neto A, Zanchi FB, Fontes MRDM, Soares AM, Calderon LDA. New multienzymatic complex formed between human cathepsin D and snake venom phospholipase A2. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2022; 28:e20220002. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2022-0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aleff Ferreira Francisco
- São Paulo State University (UNESP), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil
| | | | - Rafaela Souza Diniz
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Berton Zanchi
- Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | | | - Andreimar Martins Soares
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology of Epidemiology of the Western Amazon, Brazil; São Lucas University Center (UniSL), Brazil
| | - Leonardo de Azevedo Calderon
- Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil; Federal University of Rondônia (UNIR), Brazil; Smart Active Ingredients Lab (SAIL), Brazil; Aparicio Carvalho University Center (FIMCA), Brazil
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18
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Bassiouni W, Seubert JM, Schulz R. Staurosporine-induced cleavage of apoptosis-inducing factor in human fibrosarcoma cells is independent of matrix metalloproteinase-2. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2021; 100:184-191. [PMID: 34597523 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2021-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial flavoprotein which mediates staurosporine (STS)-induced cell death. AIF cleavage and translocation to the cytosol is thought to be calpain-1-dependent as calpain inhibitors reduced AIF proteolysis. However, many calpain inhibitors also inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity, an intracellular and extracellular protease implicated in apoptosis. Here we investigated whether MMP-2 activity is affected in response to STS and if contributes to AIF cleavage. Human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells were treated with STS (0.1 µM, 0.25-24 hr). A significant increase in cellular MMP-2 activity was seen by gelatin zymography after 6 hr STS treatment, prior to induction of cell necrosis. Western blot showed the time-dependent appearance of two forms of AIF (~60 and 45 kDa) in the cytosol which were significantly increased at 6 hr. Surprisingly, knocking down MMP-2 or inhibiting its activity with MMP-2 preferring inhibitors ARP-100 or ONO-4817, or inhibiting calpain activity with ALLM or PD150606, did not prevent the STS-induced increase in cytosolic AIF. These results show that although STS rapidly increases MMP-2 activity, the cytosolic release of AIF may be independent of the proteolytic activities of MMP-2 or calpain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesam Bassiouni
- University of Alberta Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, 12357, Department of Pharmacology, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada;
| | - John M Seubert
- University of Alberta, Faculty of Pharmacy/Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-142D Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy & Health Research, 11361 - 87 Ave., 2020M Katz Group Centre for Pharmacy and Health Research, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1;
| | - Richard Schulz
- University of Alberta, Pediatrics & Pharmacology, Cardiovascular Research Centre, Mazankowski Alberta Heart Institute, 462 HMRC, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2S2;
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19
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Mamadrakhimov A, Mutalliyev L, Abdullaev S, Khodjaniyazov K, Izotova L, Aisa HA. 8-Hydroxy-6-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy)coumarin (capensine). IUCRDATA 2021; 6:x210451. [PMID: 36338269 PMCID: PMC9462336 DOI: 10.1107/s241431462100451x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The title coumarin derivative was isolated from the plants of Sophora japonica. In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains along the [101] direction. The title coumarin derivative, C15H16O5, was isolated from the roots of Sophora japonica. The coumarin (2H-chromen-2-one) fragment is almost planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.0356 Å. The carbon atom of the methoxy substituent is coplanar with the benzopyran oxa-heterocycle. The 3-methylbut-2-enyloxy group is disordered over two sets of sites with occupation factors of 0.920 (3) and 0.080 (3). In the crystal, molecules are linked by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds into chains propagating along the [101] direction.![]()
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20
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Ibrahim IH, Ellakwa DES. SUMO pathway, blood coagulation and oxidative stress in SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 26:100938. [PMID: 33558851 PMCID: PMC7857074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2 (SARS CoV-2) is currently an international pandemic causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). Viral entry requires ACE2 and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) for membrane fusion or through endosomal pathway. This Study aims to assess transcriptomic changes and differentially expressed genes (DFGs) in COVID-19. Methods Transcriptomic data of the publicly available dataset (GSE147507) was quantile normalized and analysed for DFGs, network analysis and pathway analysis. Results DFG sets showed that 8 genes (SAE1, AEBP2, ATP1A1, DKK3, MAFF, NUDC, TRAP1, and VAV1) were significantly dysregulated in all studied groups. Functional analysis revealed that negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthesis, protein SUMOylation (SAE1), blood coagulation (VAV1) and cellular response to stress were affected by SARS CoV-2 infection. Cell line transduction with ACE2 vector didn't show significant changes in the dysregulated pathways. Also, no significant change was observed in expression levels of ACE2 or TMPRSS2 in response to SARS CoV-2 infection. Further analysis showed dysregulation of several genes in the SUMOylation pathway and blood coagulation process in human and cell lines transcriptome. Also, several Cathepsins proteases were significantly dysregulated in case of SARS CoV-2 infection. Genes related to cellular response to stress such as TRAP-1 and NOX were dysregulated in cases of SARS CoV-2 infection. Conclusion Dysregulation in genes of protein SUMOylation, blood coagulation and response to oxidative stress pathways in SARS CoV-2 infection could be critical for disease progression. Drugs acting on SUMO pathway, VAV1, NOX genes could be studied for potential benefit to COVID-19 patients. Negative regulation of glucocorticoid biosynthesis was affected by SARS CoV-2. Protein SUMOylation was affected by SARS CoV-2 infection. Blood coagulation was affected by SARS CoV-2 infection. Cellular response to oxidative stress was affected by SARS CoV-2 infection. Cathepsins proteases were significantly dysregulated in SARS CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman Hassan Ibrahim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls)-Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doha El-Sayed Ellakwa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls)-Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
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21
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Tanaka Y, Mukai R, Ohshima T. HTLV-1 viral oncoprotein HBZ contributes to the enhancement of HAX-1 stability by impairing the ubiquitination pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2756-2766. [PMID: 32893878 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The viral protein HTLV-1 basic leucine-zipper factor (HBZ), which is constitutively expressed in all ATL patient cells, contributes toward the development of ATL; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we identified HS-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as a novel binding partner of HBZ. Interestingly, HAX-1 specifically associated with HBZ-US, but not HBZ-SI, in the cytoplasm. HBZ suppressed the polyubiquitination levels of HAX-1 protein by inhibiting the association HAX-1 with F-box protein 25 (FBXO25), which is a member of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and promoted the stabilization of HAX-1 levels. In fact, the protein levels of HAX-1 were significantly increased in HTLV-1 infected and the overexpressing HBZ in uninfected T-cell lines. Enhanced HAX-1 correlated well to suppression of caspase 9 processing, suggesting that HBZ may contribute to the enhancement of antiapoptotic function for HAX-1. Our results revealed a role for HBZ on HAX-1 stabilization by abrogating the ubiquitination-mediated degradation pathway, which may play an important role in understanding the potential mechanisms of HTLV-1 related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Risa Mukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Takayuki Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
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Yadati T, Houben T, Bitorina A, Shiri-Sverdlov R. The Ins and Outs of Cathepsins: Physiological Function and Role in Disease Management. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071679. [PMID: 32668602 PMCID: PMC7407943 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cathepsins are the most abundant lysosomal proteases that are mainly found in acidic endo/lysosomal compartments where they play a vital role in intracellular protein degradation, energy metabolism, and immune responses among a host of other functions. The discovery that cathepsins are secreted and remain functionally active outside of the lysosome has caused a paradigm shift. Contemporary research has unraveled many versatile functions of cathepsins in extralysosomal locations including cytosol and extracellular space. Nevertheless, extracellular cathepsins are majorly upregulated in pathological states and are implicated in a wide range of diseases including cancer and cardiovascular diseases. Taking advantage of the differential expression of the cathepsins during pathological conditions, much research is focused on using cathepsins as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A tailored therapeutic approach using selective cathepsin inhibitors is constantly emerging to be safe and efficient. Moreover, recent development of proteomic-based approaches for the identification of novel physiological substrates offers a major opportunity to understand the mechanism of cathepsin action. In this review, we summarize the available evidence regarding the role of cathepsins in health and disease, discuss their potential as biomarkers of disease progression, and shed light on the potential of extracellular cathepsin inhibitors as safe therapeutic tools.
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Xu H, Huang X, Zhang Z, Zhang X, Min Q, Zhu JJ. Protease-responsive mass barcoded nanotranslators for simultaneously quantifying the intracellular activity of cascaded caspases in apoptosis pathways. Chem Sci 2020; 11:5280-5288. [PMID: 34122985 PMCID: PMC8159337 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc01534b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantitatively delineating the activation network of multiple proteases that participate in cellular processes is highly essential for understanding the physiological and pathological states of cells. In this study, protease-responsive mass barcoded nanotranslators (PRMNTs) were engineered for revealing the activity of cascaded caspases in apoptosis in a multiplex and quantitative manner. In the PRMNTs, a series of mass tag-decorated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were tethered onto magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres via a linker containing the substrate peptide of the target protease to form a "one-to-many" core-satellite structure. This nanostructure was internalized into the cells, underwent an enzymatic reaction within the cells, and allowed post-reaction mass spectrometry (MS) interrogation after magnetic separation from the cells. In the presence of intracellular caspases, enzymatic cleavage of the linker could be translated to the decreased ion signals of the mass tags on the remaining AuNPs in the PRMNTs by MS decoding. Benefiting from the multiplexing capability of MS, the intracellular activity of caspase-3, -8 and -9 that orchestrate the apoptotic process was simultaneously quantified at any given time. Kinetic analysis of caspase activity under stimulation of diverse anticancer drugs revealed that programmed cell death followed individual apoptosis pathways, differing in the activation degree and sequence of the caspase cascade. This work represents a modality that interfaces nanotechnology with MS for quantitatively probing the intracellular activity of multiple proteases, which opens up new avenues for revealing the apoptosis mechanism and developing innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xiaodan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Xuemeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Qianhao Min
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 P. R. China
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Lysosomal Hydrolase Cathepsin D Non-proteolytically Modulates Dendritic Morphology in Drosophila. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:1147-1157. [PMID: 32170568 PMCID: PMC7532236 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00479-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The main lysosomal protease cathepsin D (cathD) is essential for maintaining tissue homeostasis via its degradative function, and its loss leads to ceroid accumulation in the mammalian nervous system, which results in progressive neurodegeneration. Increasing evidence implies non-proteolytic roles of cathD in regulating various biological processes such as apoptosis, cell proliferation, and migration. Along these lines, we here showed that cathD is required for modulating dendritic architecture in the nervous system independent of its traditional degradative function. Upon cathD depletion, class I and class III arborization (da) neurons in Drosophila larvae exhibited aberrant dendritic morphology, including over-branching, aberrant turning, and elongation defects. Re-introduction of wild-type cathD or its proteolytically-inactive mutant dramatically abolished these morphological defects. Moreover, cathD knockdown also led to dendritic defects in the adult mushroom bodies, suggesting that cathD-mediated processes are required in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Taken together, our results demonstrate a critical role of cathD in shaping dendritic architecture independent of its proteolytic function.
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Cathepsin D in the Tumor Microenvironment of Breast and Ovarian Cancers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:1-16. [PMID: 32578168 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major and leading health problem worldwide. Lack of early diagnosis, chemoresistance, and recurrence of cancer means vast research and development are required in this area. The complexity of the tumor microenvironment in the biological milieu poses greater challenges in having safer, selective, and targeted therapies. Existing strategies such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and antiangiogenic therapies moderately improve progression-free survival; however, they come with side effects that reduce quality of life. Thus, targeting potential candidates in the microenvironment, such as extracellular cathepsin D (CathD) which has been known to play major pro-tumorigenic roles in breast and ovarian cancers, could be a breakthrough in cancer treatment, specially using novel treatment modalities such as immunotherapy and nanotechnology-based therapy. This chapter discusses CathD as a pro-cancerous, more specifically a proangiogenic factor, that acts bi-functionally in the tumor microenvironment, and possible ways of targeting the protein therapeutically.
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Autophagy Promotes Porcine Parvovirus Replication and Induces Non-Apoptotic Cell Death in Porcine Placental Trophoblasts. Viruses 2019; 12:v12010015. [PMID: 31861933 PMCID: PMC7020067 DOI: 10.3390/v12010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy plays important roles in the infection and pathogenesis of many viruses, yet the regulatory roles of autophagy in the process of porcine parvovirus (PPV) infection remain unclear. Herein, we show that PPV infection induces autophagy in porcine placental trophoblasts (PTCs). Induction of autophagy by rapamycin (RAPA) inhibited the occurrence of apoptotic cell death, yet promoted viral replication in PPV-infected cells; inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA or ATG5 knockdown increased cellular apoptosis and reduced PPV replication. Interestingly, we found that in the presence of caspase-inhibitor zVAD-fmk, PPV induces non-apoptotic cell death that was characterized by lysosomal damage and associated with autophagy. Induction of complete autophagy flux by RAPA markedly promoted PPV replication compared with incomplete autophagy induced by RAPA plus bafilomycin (RAPA/BAF) in the early phase of PPV infection (24 h.p.i.). Meanwhile, induction of complete autophagy with RAPA increased lysosomal damage and non-apoptotic cell death in the later phase of PPV infection. Therefore, our data suggest that autophagy can enhance PPV replication and promote the occurrence of lysosomal-damage-associated non-apoptotic cell death in PPV-infected porcine placental trophoblasts.
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27
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Hulushe ST, Manyeruke MH, Hosten EC, Kaye PT. Crystal structure of 3-acetyl-6-bromo-4-hydroxy-2H-chromen-2-one, C11H7BrO4. Z KRIST-NEW CRYST ST 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/ncrs-2019-0590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractC11H7BrO4, triclinic, P1̄ (no. 2), a = 4.3164(5) Å, b = 10.7922(12) Å, c = 11.1521(11) Å, α = 98.075(4)°, β = 100.741(4)°, γ = 95.325(5)°, V = 501.55(9) Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0203, wRref(F2) = 0.0544, T = 200(2) K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siya T. Hulushe
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
| | | | - Eric C. Hosten
- Department of Chemistry, Nelson Mandela University, P.O. Box 77000, Port Elizabeth 6031, South Africa
| | - Perry T. Kaye
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6139, South Africa
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Huber RJ, Hughes SM, Liu W, Morgan A, Tuxworth RI, Russell C. The contribution of multicellular model organisms to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis research. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165614. [PMID: 31783156 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The NCLs (neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis) are forms of neurodegenerative disease that affect people of all ages and ethnicities but are most prevalent in children. Commonly known as Batten disease, this debilitating neurological disorder is comprised of 13 different subtypes that are categorized based on the particular gene that is mutated (CLN1-8, CLN10-14). The pathological mechanisms underlying the NCLs are not well understood due to our poor understanding of the functions of NCL proteins. Only one specific treatment (enzyme replacement therapy) is approved, which is for the treating the brain in CLN2 disease. Hence there remains a desperate need for further research into disease-modifying treatments. In this review, we present and evaluate the genes, proteins and studies performed in the social amoeba, nematode, fruit fly, zebrafish, mouse and large animals pertinent to NCL. In particular, we highlight the use of multicellular model organisms to study NCL protein function, pathology and pathomechanisms. Their use in testing novel therapeutic approaches is also presented. With this information, we highlight how future research in these systems may be able to provide new insight into NCL protein functions in human cells and aid in the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario K9L 0G2, Canada
| | - Stephanie M Hughes
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Biomedical Sciences, Brain Health Research Centre and Genetics Otago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Wenfei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Alan Morgan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Crown St., Liverpool L69 3BX, UK
| | - Richard I Tuxworth
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Claire Russell
- Dept. Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
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29
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Lu H, Shu Q, Lou H, Chen Q. Mitochondria-Mediated Programmed Cell Death in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Induced by Betulinic Acid Is Accelerated by the Deletion of PEP4 Gene. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110538. [PMID: 31703462 PMCID: PMC6920885 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, using Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a model, we showed that BetA could inhibit cell proliferation and lead to lethal cytotoxicity accompanying programmed cell death (PCD). Interestingly, it was found that vacuolar protease Pep4p played a pivotal role in BetA-induced S. cerevisiae PCD. The presence of Pep4p reduced the damage of BetA-induced cells. This work implied that BetA may induce cell death of S. cerevisiae through mitochondria-mediated PCD, and the deletion of Pep4 gene possibly accelerated the effect of PCD. The present investigation provided the preliminary research for the complicated mechanism of BetA-induced cell PCD regulated by vacular protease Pep4p and lay the foundation for understanding of the Pep4p protein in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qihe Chen
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-0571-8698-4316
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30
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Hua W, Zhao J, Wang X, Pei S, Gou S. A lysosome specific theranostic NO donor inhibits cancer cells by stimuli responsive molecular self-decomposition with an on-demand fluorescence pattern. Analyst 2019; 144:6681-6688. [PMID: 31599280 DOI: 10.1039/c9an01746a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer mechanism of NO is difficult to study owing to its short lifetime and high reactivity. Thus, a theranostic anticancer NO donor assembled with NO on-demand release abilities, accurate lysosome location capabilities and signal feedback behavior was developed. Profiting from the theranostic properties, the specific mechanism was comprehensively studied. Spectral and cell imaging studies revealed that the as prepared NO donors could release NO in solution or within cancer cells. Fluorescence co-dyeing experiments demonstrated that Mo-Nap-NO entered lysosomes specifically and disrupted them after being triggered by light. Upon irradiation with 460 nm visible light, both the donors demonstrated considerable in vitro anticancer effects. A further mechanistic study showed that after entering the lysosome and being triggered by 460 nm irradiation, NO ruptured the lysosome, resulting in the release of cathepsin D into the cytosol, which activated the caspase3 mediated apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuyang Hua
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Jian Zhao
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China. and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Sinan Pei
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China.
| | - Shaohua Gou
- Pharmaceutical Research Center and School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China. and Jiangsu Province Hi-Tech Key Laboratory for Bio-medical Research, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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31
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Differentially Expressed Mitochondrial Proteins in Human MCF7 Breast Cancer Cells Resistant to Paclitaxel. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20122986. [PMID: 31248089 PMCID: PMC6628585 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of novel proteins with changed expression in resistant cancer cells could be helpful in elucidation mechanisms involved in the development of acquired resistance to paclitaxel. In this study, we carried out a 2D-PAGE using the mitochondrial-enriched fraction from paclitaxel-resistant MCF7/PacR cells compared to original paclitaxel-sensitive MCF7 breast cancer cells. Differentially expressed proteins were identified employing mass spectrometry. We found that lysosomal cathepsin D and mitochondrial abhydrolase-domain containing protein 11 (ABHD11) had decreased expression in MCF7/PacR cells. On the other hand, mitochondrial carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase 1 (CPS1) and ATPase family AAA-domain containing protein 3A and 3B (ATAD3A, ATAD3B) were overexpressed in MCF7/PacR cells. Further, we showed that there was no difference in localization of CPS1 in MCF7 and MCF7/PacR cells. We demonstrated a significant increase in the number of CPS1 positive MCF7/PacR cells, using FACS analysis, compared to the number of CPS1 positive MCF7 cells. Silencing of CPS1 expression by specific siRNA had no significant effect on the resistance of MCF7/PacR cells to paclitaxel. To summarize, we identified several novel proteins of a mitochondrial fraction whose role in acquired resistance to paclitaxel in breast cancer cells should be further assessed.
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32
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Magalhães-Novais S, Bermejo-Millo JC, Loureiro R, Mesquita KA, Domingues MR, Maciel E, Melo T, Baldeiras I, Erickson JR, Holy J, Potes Y, Coto-Montes A, Oliveira PJ, Vega-Naredo I. Cell quality control mechanisms maintain stemness and differentiation potential of P19 embryonic carcinoma cells. Autophagy 2019; 16:313-333. [PMID: 30990357 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1607694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the relatively long life of stem cells (SCs), efficient mechanisms of quality control to balance cell survival and resistance to external and internal stress are required. Our objective was to test the relevance of cell quality control mechanisms for SCs maintenance, differentiation and resistance to cell death. We compared cell quality control in P19 stem cells (P19SCs) before and after differentiation (P19dCs). Differentiation of P19SCs resulted in alterations in parameters involved in cell survival and protein homeostasis, including the redox system, cardiolipin and lipid profiles, unfolded protein response, ubiquitin-proteasome and lysosomal systems, and signaling pathways controlling cell growth. In addition, P19SCs pluripotency was correlated with stronger antioxidant protection, modulation of apoptosis, and activation of macroautophagy, which all contributed to preserve SCs quality by increasing the threshold for cell death activation. Furthermore, our findings identify critical roles for the PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathway, as well as autophagic flux and apoptosis regulation in the maintenance of P19SCs pluripotency and differentiation potential.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; AKT/protein kinase B: thymoma viral proto-oncogene; AKT1: thymoma viral proto-oncogene 1; ATG: AuTophaGy-related; ATF6: activating transcription factor 6; BAX: BCL2-associated X protein; BBC3/PUMA: BCL2 binding component 3; BCL2: B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2; BNIP3L: BCL2/adenovirus E1B interacting protein 3-like; CASP3: caspase 3; CASP8: caspase 8; CASP9: caspase 9; CL: cardiolipin; CTSB: cathepsin B; CTSD: cathepsin D; DDIT3/CHOP: DNA-damage inducible transcript 3; DNM1L/DRP1: dynamin 1-like; DRAM1: DNA-damage regulated autophagy modulator 1; EIF2AK3/PERK: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3; EIF2S1/eIF2α: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2, subunit alpha; ERN1/IRE1α: endoplasmic reticulum to nucleus signaling 1; ESCs: embryonic stem cells; KRT8/TROMA-1: cytokeratin 8; LAMP2A: lysosomal-associated membrane protein 2A; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NANOG: Nanog homeobox; NAO: 10-N-nonyl acridine orange; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2; OPA1: OPA1, mitochondrial dynamin like GTPase; P19dCs: P19 differentiated cells; P19SCs: P19 stem cells; POU5F1/OCT4: POU domain, class 5, transcription factor 1; PtdIns3K: phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase; RA: retinoic acid; ROS: reactive oxygen species; RPS6KB1/p70S6K: ribosomal protein S6 kinase, polypeptide 1; SCs: stem cells; SOD: superoxide dismutase; SHC1-1/p66SHC: src homology 2 domain-containing transforming protein C1, 66 kDa isoform; SOX2: SRY (sex determining region Y)-box 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; SPTAN1/αII-spectrin: spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1; TOMM20: translocase of outer mitochondrial membrane 20; TRP53/p53: transformation related protein 53; TUBB3/betaIII-tubulin: tubulin, beta 3 class III; UPR: unfolded protein response; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Bermejo-Millo
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rute Loureiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Katia A Mesquita
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - M Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Maciel
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Centre, Department of Chemistry & QOPNA, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,School of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jenna R Erickson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Jon Holy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota-Duluth, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Yaiza Potes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain
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33
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Graphene Oxide-Based Targeting of Extracellular Cathepsin D and Cathepsin L As A Novel Anti-Metastatic Enzyme Cancer Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030319. [PMID: 30845739 PMCID: PMC6468385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Overexpression and secretion of the enzymes cathepsin D (CathD) and cathepsin L (CathL) is associated with metastasis in several human cancers. As a superfamily, extracellularly, these proteins may act within the tumor microenvironment to drive cancer progression, proliferation, invasion and metastasis. Therefore, it is important to discover novel therapeutic treatment strategies to target CathD and CathL and potentially impede metastasis. Graphene oxide (GO) could form the basis of such a strategy by acting as an adsorbent for pro-metastatic enzymes. Here, we have conducted research into the potential of targeted anti-metastatic therapy using GO to adsorb these pro-tumorigenic enzymes. Binding of CathD/L to GO revealed that CathD/L were adsorbed onto the surface of GO through its cationic and hydrophilic residues. This work could provide a roadmap for the rational integration of CathD/L-targeting agents into clinical settings.
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34
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Abstract
Cathepsins (CTS) are mainly lysosomal acid hydrolases extensively involved in the prognosis of different diseases, and having a distinct role in tumor progression by regulating cell proliferation, autophagy, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. As all these processes conjunctively lead to cancer progression, their site-specific regulation might be beneficial for cancer treatment. CTS regulate activation of the proteolytic cascade and protein turnover, while extracellular CTS is involved in promoting extracellular matrix degradation and angiogenesis, thereby stimulating invasion and metastasis. Despite cancer regulation, the involvement of CTS in cellular adaptation toward chemotherapy and radiotherapy augments their therapeutic potential. However, lysosomal permeabilization mediated cytosolic translocation of CTS induces programmed cell death. This complex behavior of CTS generates the need to discuss the different aspects of CTS associated with cancer regulation. In this review, we mainly focused on the significance of each cathepsin in cancer signaling and their targeting which would provide noteworthy information in the context of cancer biology and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejinder Pal Khaket
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalseo-Gu, Daegu 704-701, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk 38453, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Murschhauser A, Röttgermann PJF, Woschée D, Ober MF, Yan Y, Dawson KA, Rädler JO. A high-throughput microscopy method for single-cell analysis of event-time correlations in nanoparticle-induced cell death. Commun Biol 2019; 2:35. [PMID: 30701200 PMCID: PMC6345847 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-019-0282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal context of cell death decisions remains generally hidden in ensemble measurements with endpoint readouts. Here, we describe a method to extract event times from fluorescence time traces of cell death-related markers in automated live-cell imaging on single-cell arrays (LISCA) using epithelial A549 lung and Huh7 liver cancer cells as a model system. In pairwise marker combinations, we assess the chronological sequence and delay times of the events lysosomal membrane permeabilization, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization and oxidative burst after exposure to 58 nm amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH2 nanoparticles). From two-dimensional event-time scatter plots we infer a lysosomal signal pathway at a low dose of nanoparticles (25 µg mL-1) for both cell lines, while at a higher dose (100 µg mL-1) a mitochondrial pathway coexists in A549 cells, but not in Huh7. In general, event-time correlations provide detailed insights into heterogeneity and interdependencies in signal transmission pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Murschhauser
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, 80539 Germany
| | - Peter J. F. Röttgermann
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, 80539 Germany
| | - Daniel Woschée
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, 80539 Germany
| | - Martina F. Ober
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, 80539 Germany
| | - Yan Yan
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Kenneth A. Dawson
- Centre for BioNano Interactions, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Joachim O. Rädler
- Faculty of Physics and Center for NanoSciene (CeNS), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Geschwister-Scholl-Platz 1, Munich, 80539 Germany
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Clark AM, Ponniah K, Warden MS, Raitt EM, Yawn AC, Pascal SM. pH-Induced Folding of the Caspase-Cleaved Par-4 Tumor Suppressor: Evidence of Structure Outside of the Coiled Coil Domain. Biomolecules 2018; 8:biom8040162. [PMID: 30518159 PMCID: PMC6316887 DOI: 10.3390/biom8040162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a 38 kDa largely intrinsically disordered tumor suppressor protein that functions in cancer cell apoptosis. Par-4 down-regulation is often observed in cancer while up-regulation is characteristic of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease. Cleavage of Par-4 by caspase-3 activates tumor suppression via formation of an approximately 25 kDa fragment (cl-Par-4) that enters the nucleus and inhibits Bcl-2 and NF-ƙB, which function in pro-survival pathways. Here, we have investigated the structure of cl-Par-4 using biophysical techniques including circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and intrinsic tyrosine fluorescence. The results demonstrate pH-dependent folding of cl-Par-4, with high disorder and aggregation at neutral pH, but a largely folded, non-aggregated conformation at acidic pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Clark
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Komala Ponniah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Meghan S Warden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Emily M Raitt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Andrea C Yawn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
| | - Steven M Pascal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.
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37
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Soppert J, Kraemer S, Beckers C, Averdunk L, Möllmann J, Denecke B, Goetzenich A, Marx G, Bernhagen J, Stoppe C. Soluble CD74 Reroutes MIF/CXCR4/AKT-Mediated Survival of Cardiac Myofibroblasts to Necroptosis. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e009384. [PMID: 30371153 PMCID: PMC6201423 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Although macrophage migration inhibitory factor ( MIF ) has been demonstrated to mediate cardioprotection in ischemia/reperfusion injury and antagonize fibrotic effects through its receptor, CD 74, the function of the soluble CD 74 receptor ectodomain ( sCD 74) and its interaction with circulating MIF have not been explored in cardiac disease. Methods and Results Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from hearts of neonatal mice and differentiated into myofibroblasts. Co-treatment with recombinant MIF and sCD 74 induced cell death ( P<0.001), which was mediated by receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase ( RIP) 1/ RIP 3-dependent necroptosis ( P=0.0376). This effect was specific for cardiac fibroblasts and did not affect cardiomyocytes. Gene expression analyses using microarray and RT - qPCR technology revealed a 4-fold upregulation of several interferon-induced genes upon co-treatment of myofibroblasts with sCD 74 and MIF (Ifi44: P=0.011; Irg1: P=0.022; Clec4e: P=0.011). Furthermore, Western blot analysis confirmed the role of sCD 74 as a modulator of MIF signaling by diminishing MIF -mediated protein kinase B ( AKT) activation ( P=0.0197) and triggering p38 activation ( P=0.0641). We obtained evidence that sCD 74 inhibits MIF -mediated survival pathway through the C-X-C chemokine receptor 4/ AKT axis, enabling the induction of CD 74-dependent necroptotic processes in cardiac myofibroblasts. Preliminary clinical data revealed a lowered sCD 74/ MIF ratio in heart failure patients (17.47±10.09 versus 1.413±0.6244). Conclusions These findings suggest that treatment of cardiac myofibroblasts with sCD 74 and MIF induces necroptosis, offering new insights into the mechanism of myofibroblast depletion during scar maturation. Preliminary clinical data provided first evidence about a clinical relevance of the sCD 74/ MIF axis in heart failure, suggesting that these proteins may be a promising target to modulate cardiac remodeling and disease progression in heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Soppert
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Sandra Kraemer
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Christian Beckers
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Luisa Averdunk
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Julia Möllmann
- Department of Cardiology, Pneumology, Angiology and Internal Intensive CareUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Bernd Denecke
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF)University HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Andreas Goetzenich
- Department of Thoracic, Cardiac and Vascular SurgeryUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Gernot Marx
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Department of Vascular BiologyInstitute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD)Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University (LMU) MunichMunichGermany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)partner site Munich Heart AllianceMunichGermany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (EXC 1010 SyNergy)MunichGermany
| | - Christian Stoppe
- Department of Intensive Care MedicineUniversity HospitalRWTH AachenAachenGermany
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Chiarante N, García Vior MC, Rey O, Marino J, Roguin LP. Lysosomal permeabilization and endoplasmic reticulum stress mediate the apoptotic response induced after photoactivation of a lipophilic zinc(II) phthalocyanine. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:89-98. [PMID: 30130653 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported that the phototoxic action of the lipophilic phthalocyanine Pc9 (2,9(10),16(17),23(24) tetrakis[(2-dimethylamino)ethylsulfanyl]phthalocyaninatozinc(II)) encapsulated into poloxamine micelles is related to the induction of an apoptotic response in murine colon CT26 carcinoma cells. In the present study, we explored the intracellular signals contributing to the resulting apoptotic death. We found that Pc9-T1107 arrests cell cycle progression immediately after irradiation promoting then an apoptotic response. Thus, 3 h after irradiation the percentage of hypodiploid cells increased from 5.9 ± 0.6% to 23.1 ± 0.1%; activation of caspases 8 and 9 was evident; the population of cells with loss of mitochondrial membrane potential increased from 1.1 ± 0.4% to 44.0 ± 9.3%; the full-length forms of Bid and PARP-1 were cleaved; and a 50% decrease of the expression levels of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL was detected. We also found that the photosensitizer, mainly retained in lysosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER), promotes the permeabilization of lysosomal membranes and induces ER stress. Lysosomal membrane permeabilization was demonstrated by the reduction of acridine orange lysosome fluorescence, the release of Cathepsin D into the cytosol and ∼50% decrease of Hsp70, a chaperone recognized as a lysosomal stabilizer. Cathepsin D also contributed to Bid cleavage and caspase 8 activation. The oxidative damage to the ER induced an unfolded protein response characterized, 3 h after irradiation, by a 3-fold increase in cytosolic Ca2+ levels and 3-4 times higher expression of ER chaperones GRP78/BIP, calnexin, Hsp90 and Hsp110. The cell death signaling promoted by cytosolic Ca2+, calpains and lysosomal proteases was partially abolished by the Ca2+ chelator BAPTA-AM, the calpain inhibitor PD 150606 and proteases inhibitors. Furthermore, Bax down-regulation observed in Pc9-treated cells was undetectable in the presence of PD 150606, indicating that calpains contribute to Bax proteolytic damage. In summary, our results indicate that photoactivation of Pc9-T1107 led to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, induction of ER stress and activation of a caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Chiarante
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María C García Vior
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Rey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Córdoba 2351, C1120AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Julieta Marino
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Leonor P Roguin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Instituto de Química y Fisicoquímica Biológicas (IQUIFIB), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Junín 956, C1113AAD Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Barbosa IA, Vega-Naredo I, Loureiro R, Branco AF, Garcia R, Scott PM, Oliveira PJ. TRAP1 regulates autophagy in lung cancer cells. Eur J Clin Invest 2018; 48. [PMID: 29383696 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of TRAP1, a member of the HSP90 chaperone family, has been implicated in tumour protective effects, based on its differential mitochondrial localization and function. DESIGN This work was designed to provide new insights into the pathways involved in TRAP1-provided cytoprotection on NSCLC. For this, TRAP1-depleted A549 human NSCLC cells and MRC-5 normal lung fibroblasts were produced using a siRNA approach and main cellular quality control mechanisms were investigated. RESULTS TRAP1-depleted A549 cells displayed decreased cell viability likely due to impaired mitochondrial function including decreased ATP/AMP ratio, oxygen consumption and membrane potential, as well as increased apoptotic indicators. Furthermore, the negative impact of TRAP1 depletion on mitochondrial function was not observed in normal MRC-5 lung cells, which might be due to the differential intracellular localization of the chaperone in tumour versus normal cells. Additionally, A549 TRAP1-depleted cells showed increased autophagic flux. Functionally, autophagy inhibition resulted in decreased cell viability in both TRAP1-expressing and TRAP1-depleted tumour cells with minor effects on MRC-5 cells. Conversely, autophagy stimulation decreased cell viability of both A549 and MRC-5 TRAP1-expressing cells while in A549 TRAP1-depleted cells, increased autophagy augmented viability. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that even though TRAP1 depletion affects both normal MRC-5 and tumour A549 cell proliferation, inhibition of autophagy per se led to a decrease in tumour cell mass, while having a reduced effect on the normal cell line. The strategy of targeting TRAP1 in NSCLC shows future potential therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês A Barbosa
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ignacio Vega-Naredo
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Department of Morphology and Cell Biology, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rute Loureiro
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Ana F Branco
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Rita Garcia
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, UC-Biotech, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
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40
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Persson T, Lattanzio F, Calvo-Garrido J, Rimondini R, Rubio-Rodrigo M, Sundström E, Maioli S, Sandebring-Matton A, Cedazo-Mínguez Á. Apolipoprotein E4 Elicits Lysosomal Cathepsin D Release, Decreased Thioredoxin-1 Levels, and Apoptosis. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 56:601-617. [PMID: 28035917 PMCID: PMC5271484 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The major genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4), has been suggested to have detrimental effects on neurons, including direct toxicity via apoptosis. Thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is an endogenous antioxidant protein important for redox regulation and participates in the regulation of apoptosis through the inhibition of apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (Ask-1). In this study, we have investigated the effects of ApoE on Trx1 in the brain. Our results showed that the protein levels of Trx1 were reduced in the hippocampus of ApoE4 targeted replacement (TR) mice compared to ApoE3 TR mice. The reduction was also seen in vitro after treatment of both human primary cortical neurons and neuroblastoma cells with human recombinant ApoE4 (rApoE4). Furthermore, ApoE4 caused a disruption of lysosomal integrity and a shift in the localization of Cathepsin D, an enzyme known to degrade Trx1. ApoE4 treatment induced in addition apoptosis through translocation of Death-domain associated protein-6 (Daxx) from the nucleus to the cytosol, suggesting an activation of the Ask-1 pathway. This toxicity was prevented by overexpression of Trx1 and other endogenous Ask-1 inhibitors. Our data suggests that down-regulation of Trx1 is involved in the toxicity caused by ApoE4. An activated ASK-1 pathway might indeed make cells more vulnerable to other insults such as amyloid-β, which could partially explain the mechanism behind the strongest genetic risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torbjörn Persson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Francesca Lattanzio
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Roberto Rimondini
- Department-DIMEC-University of Bologna, Medical and Surgical Science, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Rubio-Rodrigo
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Erik Sundström
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnologies, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Maioli
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Anna Sandebring-Matton
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Ángel Cedazo-Mínguez
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
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41
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Determining the contents and cell origins of apoptotic bodies by flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14444. [PMID: 29089562 PMCID: PMC5663759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14305-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Over 200 billion cells undergo apoptosis every day in the human body in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Increased apoptosis can also occur under pathological conditions including infection and autoimmune disease. During apoptosis, cells can fragment into subcellular membrane-bound vesicles known as apoptotic bodies (ApoBDs). We recently developed a flow cytometry-based method to accurately differentiate ApoBDs from other particles (e.g. cells and debris). In the present study, we aim to further characterize subsets of ApoBDs based on intracellular contents and cell type-specific surface markers. Utilizing a flow cytometry-based approach, we demonstrated that intracellular contents including nuclear materials and mitochondria are distributed to some, but not all ApoBDs. Interestingly, the mechanism of ApoBD formation could affect the distribution of intracellular contents into ApoBDs. Furthermore, we also showed that ApoBDs share the same surface markers as their cell of origin, which can be used to distinguish cell type-specific ApoBDs from a mixed culture. These studies demonstrate that ApoBDs are not homogeneous and can be divided into specific subclasses based on intracellular contents and cell surface markers. The described flow cytometry-based method to study ApoBDs could be used in future studies to better understand the function of ApoBDs.
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42
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Fritsch J, Zingler P, Särchen V, Heck AL, Schütze S. Role of ubiquitination and proteolysis in the regulation of pro- and anti-apoptotic TNF-R1 signaling. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2017; 1864:2138-2146. [PMID: 28765050 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor 1 (TNF-R1) transmits various intracellular signaling cascades leading to diverse biological outcomes, ranging from proliferation, differentiation, survival to the induction of various forms of cell death (i.e. apoptosis, necrosis, necroptosis). These signaling pathways have to be tightly regulated. Proteolysis is an important regulatory mechanism in TNF-R1 pro-apoptotic as well as anti-apoptotic/pro-inflammatory signaling. Some key players in these signaling cascades are known (mainly the caspase-family of proteases and a previously unrecognized "lysosomal death pathway" involving cathepsins), however the interaction of proteases in the regulation of TNF signaling is still enigmatic. Ubiquitination of proteins, both non-degradative degradative, which either results in proteolytic degradation of target substrates or regulates their biological function, represents another layer of regulation in this signaling cascade. We and others found out that the differences in signal quality depend on the localization of the receptors. Plasma membrane resident receptors activate survival signals, while endocytosed receptors can induce cell death. In this article we will review the role of ubiquitination and proteolysis in these diverse events focusing on our own contributions to the lysosomal apoptotic pathway linked to the subcellular compartmentalization of TNF-R1. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Proteolysis as a Regulatory Event in Pathophysiology edited by Stefan Rose-John.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Fritsch
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Zingler
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Vinzenz Särchen
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anna Laura Heck
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schütze
- Institute of Immunology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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43
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Palanisamy SK, Rajendran NM, Marino A. Natural Products Diversity of Marine Ascidians (Tunicates; Ascidiacea) and Successful Drugs in Clinical Development. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2017; 7:1-111. [PMID: 28097641 PMCID: PMC5315671 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-016-0115-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This present study reviewed the chemical diversity of marine ascidians and their pharmacological applications, challenges and recent developments in marine drug discovery reported during 1994-2014, highlighting the structural activity of compounds produced by these specimens. Till date only 5% of living ascidian species were studied from <3000 species, this study represented from family didemnidae (32%), polyclinidae (22%), styelidae and polycitoridae (11-12%) exhibiting the highest number of promising MNPs. Close to 580 compound structures are here discussed in terms of their occurrence, structural type and reported biological activity. Anti-cancer drugs are the main area of interest in the screening of MNPs from ascidians (64%), followed by anti-malarial (6%) and remaining others. FDA approved ascidian compounds mechanism of action along with other compounds status of clinical trials (phase 1 to phase 3) are discussed here in. This review highlights recent developments in the area of natural products chemistry and biotechnological approaches are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satheesh Kumar Palanisamy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy.
| | - N M Rajendran
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Angela Marino
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, 98166, Messina, Italy
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44
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Ketterer S, Gomez-Auli A, Hillebrand LE, Petrera A, Ketscher A, Reinheckel T. Inherited diseases caused by mutations in cathepsin protease genes. FEBS J 2017; 284:1437-1454. [PMID: 27926992 DOI: 10.1111/febs.13980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes increasingly recognized as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in a variety of diseases. In those conditions, the cathepsins are mostly overexpressed, thereby driving the respective pathogenic processes. Although less known, there are also diseases with a genetic deficiency of cathepsins. In fact, nowadays 6 of the 15 human proteases called 'cathepsins' have been linked to inherited syndromes. However, only three of these syndromes are typical lysosomal storage diseases, while the others are apparently caused by defective cleavage of specific protein substrates. Here, we will provide an introduction on lysosomal cathepsins, followed by a brief description of the clinical symptoms of the various genetic diseases. For each disease, we focus on the known mutations of which many have been only recently identified by modern genome sequencing approaches. We further discuss the effect of the respective mutation on protease structure and activity, the resulting pathogenesis, and possible therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Ketterer
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Gomez-Auli
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine (SGBM), Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Larissa E Hillebrand
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Agnese Petrera
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anett Ketscher
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinheckel
- Medical Faculty, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Cell Research, Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, Freiburg, Germany
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45
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Huber RJ. Using the social amoeba Dictyostelium to study the functions of proteins linked to neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis. J Biomed Sci 2016; 23:83. [PMID: 27881166 PMCID: PMC5122030 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-016-0301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (NCL), also known as Batten disease, is a debilitating neurological disorder that affects both children and adults. Thirteen genetically distinct genes have been identified that when mutated, result in abnormal lysosomal function and an excessive accumulation of ceroid lipofuscin in neurons, as well as other cell types outside of the central nervous system. The NCL family of proteins is comprised of lysosomal enzymes (PPT1/CLN1, TPP1/CLN2, CTSD/CLN10, CTSF/CLN13), proteins that peripherally associate with membranes (DNAJC5/CLN4, KCTD7/CLN14), a soluble lysosomal protein (CLN5), a protein present in the secretory pathway (PGRN/CLN11), and several proteins that display different subcellular localizations (CLN3, CLN6, MFSD8/CLN7, CLN8, ATP13A2/CLN12). Unfortunately, the precise functions of many of the NCL proteins are still unclear, which has made targeted therapy development challenging. The social amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum has emerged as an excellent model system for studying the normal functions of proteins linked to human neurological disorders. Intriguingly, the genome of this eukaryotic soil microbe encodes homologs of 11 of the 13 known genes linked to NCL. The genetic tractability of the organism, combined with its unique life cycle, makes Dictyostelium an attractive model system for studying the functions of NCL proteins. Moreover, the ability of human NCL proteins to rescue gene-deficiency phenotypes in Dictyostelium suggests that the biological pathways regulating NCL protein function are likely conserved from Dictyostelium to human. In this review, I will discuss each of the NCL homologs in Dictyostelium in turn and describe how future studies can exploit the advantages of the system by testing new hypotheses that may ultimately lead to effective therapy options for this devastating and currently untreatable neurological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Huber
- Department of Biology, Trent University, 2140 East Bank Drive, Peterborough, ON, K9J 7B8, Canada.
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46
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Marthandan S, Menzel U, Priebe S, Groth M, Guthke R, Platzer M, Hemmerich P, Kaether C, Diekmann S. Conserved genes and pathways in primary human fibroblast strains undergoing replicative and radiation induced senescence. Biol Res 2016; 49:34. [PMID: 27464526 PMCID: PMC4963952 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-016-0095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cellular senescence is induced either internally, for example by replication exhaustion and cell division, or externally, for example by irradiation. In both cases, cellular damages accumulate which, if not successfully repaired, can result in senescence induction. Recently, we determined the transcriptional changes combined with the transition into replicative senescence in primary human fibroblast strains. Here, by γ-irradiation we induced premature cellular senescence in the fibroblast cell strains (HFF and MRC-5) and determined the corresponding transcriptional changes by high-throughput RNA sequencing. Results Comparing the transcriptomes, we found a high degree of similarity in differential gene expression in replicative as well as in irradiation induced senescence for both cell strains suggesting, in each cell strain, a common cellular response to error accumulation. On the functional pathway level, “Cell cycle” was the only pathway commonly down-regulated in replicative and irradiation-induced senescence in both fibroblast strains, confirming the tight link between DNA repair and cell cycle regulation. However, “DNA repair” and “replication” pathways were down-regulated more strongly in fibroblasts undergoing replicative exhaustion. We also retrieved genes and pathways in each of the cell strains specific for irradiation induced senescence. Conclusion We found the pathways associated with “DNA repair” and “replication” less stringently regulated in irradiation induced compared to replicative senescence. The strong regulation of these pathways in replicative senescence highlights the importance of replication errors for its induction. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40659-016-0095-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Marthandan
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany.
| | - Uwe Menzel
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Steffen Priebe
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Groth
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Reinhard Guthke
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology-Hans-Knöll-Institute e.V. (HKI), Jena, Germany
| | - Matthias Platzer
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Peter Hemmerich
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Christoph Kaether
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Stephan Diekmann
- Leibniz Institute for Age Research-Fritz Lipmann Institute e.V. (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745, Jena, Germany
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Di Meo S, Reed TT, Venditti P, Victor VM. Role of ROS and RNS Sources in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2016; 2016:1245049. [PMID: 27478531 PMCID: PMC4960346 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1245049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 756] [Impact Index Per Article: 94.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
There is significant evidence that, in living systems, free radicals and other reactive oxygen and nitrogen species play a double role, because they can cause oxidative damage and tissue dysfunction and serve as molecular signals activating stress responses that are beneficial to the organism. Mitochondria have been thought to both play a major role in tissue oxidative damage and dysfunction and provide protection against excessive tissue dysfunction through several mechanisms, including stimulation of opening of permeability transition pores. Until recently, the functional significance of ROS sources different from mitochondria has received lesser attention. However, the most recent data, besides confirming the mitochondrial role in tissue oxidative stress and protection, show interplay between mitochondria and other ROS cellular sources, so that activation of one can lead to activation of other sources. Thus, it is currently accepted that in various conditions all cellular sources of ROS provide significant contribution to processes that oxidatively damage tissues and assure their survival, through mechanisms such as autophagy and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Di Meo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tanea T. Reed
- Department of Chemistry, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY 40475, USA
| | - Paola Venditti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Victor Manuel Victor
- Service of Endocrinology, University Hospital Dr. Peset, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research in the Valencian Region (FISABIO), 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Khiao In M, Wallmeyer L, Hedtrich S, Richardson KC, Plendl J, Kaessmeyer S. The effect of endothelialization on the epidermal differentiation in human three-dimensional skin constructs - A morphological study. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2016; 61:157-74. [PMID: 26519229 DOI: 10.3233/ch-151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inducing vascularization in three-dimensional skin constructs continues to be difficult. In this study, two variations of human full-thickness skin constructs were examined. Type KCFB consists of keratinocytes (epidermal equivalent) and fibroblasts that were embedded in a collagen matrix (dermal equivalent). Type KCFB-EC consists of keratinocytes as well as fibroblasts and vascular endothelial cells. The epidermal equivalent of KCFB-EC constructs underwent cellular alterations in their differentiation possibly induced by the presence of endothelial cells. The objective of the study was to assess the effect of endothelial cells, i.e., endothelialization of the dermal equivalent on the differentiation of keratinocytes by comparing the morphology and ultrastructure of the two types of skin constructs, as well as to excised normal human skin. HYPOTHESIS The differentiation of keratinocytes is influenced by the presence of endothelial cells. METHODS, PATIENTS, MATERIAL KCFB constructs (keratinocytes, fibroblasts) and KCFB-EC skin constructs(kera-tinocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells) were prepared according to Küchler et al. [25]. After two weeks, the skin constructs were processed for analysis by light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (TEM), followed by quantitative, semi-quantitative as well as qualitative assessment. For comparison, analysis by LM and TEM of excised normal human skin was also performed. RESULTS Both KCFB and KCFB-EC skin constructs and the human skin had all strata of stratified soft-cornified epidermis present. The comparison of the respective layers of the skin constructs brought the following characteristics to light: The KCFB-EC constructs had significantly more mitotic cells in the stratum spinosum, more cell layers in the stratum granulosum and more keratohyalin granules compared to KCFB skin constructs. Additionally, the epidermal architecture was unorganized in the endothelialized constructs and features of excessive epidermal differentiation appeared in KCFB-EC skin constructs. CONCLUSION The endothelialization of the dermal equivalent caused changes in the differentiation of the epidermis of KCFB-EC skin constructs that may be interpreted as an unbalanced, i.e., uncontrolled or enhanced maturation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khiao In
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - L Wallmeyer
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Hedtrich
- Institute for Pharmacy, Pharmacology & Toxicology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - K C Richardson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia
| | - J Plendl
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kaessmeyer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute for Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Wu H, Niu H, Wu C, Li Y, Wang K, Zhang J, Wang Y, Yang S. The autophagy-lysosomal system in subarachnoid haemorrhage. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:1770-8. [PMID: 27027405 PMCID: PMC4988275 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The autophagy–lysosomal pathway is a self‐catabolic process by which dysfunctional or unnecessary intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal enzymes. Proper function of this pathway is critical for maintaining cell homeostasis and survival. Subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) is one of the most devastating forms of stroke. Multiple pathogenic mechanisms, such as inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress, are all responsible for brain injury and poor outcome after SAH. Most recently, accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the autophagy–lysosomal pathway plays a crucial role in the pathophysiological process after SAH. Appropriate activity of autophagy–lysosomal pathway acts as a pro‐survival mechanism in SAH, while excessive self‐digestion results in cell death after SAH. Consequently, in this review article, we will give an overview of the pathophysiological roles of autophagy–lysosomal pathway in the pathogenesis of SAH. And approaching the molecular mechanisms underlying this pathway in SAH pathology is anticipated, which may ultimately allow development of effective therapeutic strategies for SAH patients through regulating the autophagy–lysosomal machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijian Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huanjiang Niu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianmin Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuxu Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Suparji NS, Chan G, Sapili H, Arshad NM, In LLA, Awang K, Hasima Nagoor N. Geranylated 4-Phenylcoumarins Exhibit Anticancer Effects against Human Prostate Cancer Cells through Caspase-Independent Mechanism. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151472. [PMID: 26974436 PMCID: PMC4790937 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Geranylated 4-phenylcoumarins, DMDP-1 & -2 isolated from Mesua elegans were investigated for anticancer potential against human prostate cancer cells. Treatment with DMDP-1 & -2 resulted in cell death in a time and dose dependent manner in an MTT assay on all cancer cell lines tested with the exception of lung adenocarcinoma cells. DMDP-1 showed highest cytotoxic efficacy in PC-3 cells while DMDP-2 was most potent in DU 145 cells. Flow cytometry indicated that both coumarins were successful to induce programmed cell death after 24 h treatment. Elucidation on the mode-of-action via protein arrays and western blotting demonstrated death induced without any significant expressions of caspases, Bcl-2 family proteins and cleaved PARP, thus suggesting the involvement of caspase-independent pathways. In identifying autophagy, analysis of GFP-LC3 showed increased punctate in PC-3 cells pre-treated with CQ and treated with DMDP-1. In these cells decreased expression of autophagosome protein, p62 and cathepsin B further confirmed autophagy. In contrary, the DU 145 cells pre-treated with CQ and treated with DMDP-2 has reduced GFP-LC3 punctate although the number of cells with obvious GFP-LC3 puncta was significantly increased in the inhibitor-treated cells. The increase level of p62 suggested leakage of cathepsin B into the cytosol to trigger potential downstream death mediators. This correlated with increased expression of cathepsin B and reduced expression after treatment with its inhibitor, CA074. Also auto-degradation of calpain-2 upon treatment with DMDP-1 &-2 and its inhibitor alone, calpeptin compared with the combination treatment, further confirmed involvement of calpain-2 in PC-3 and DU 145 cells. Treatment with DMDP-1 & -2 also showed up-regulation of total and phosphorylated p53 levels in a time dependent manner. Hence, DMDP-1 & -2 showed ability to activate multiple death pathways involving autophagy, lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum death proteins which could potentially be manipulated to develop anti-cancer therapy in apoptosis resistant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Shahirah Suparji
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Gomathi Chan
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hani Sapili
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Norhafiza M. Arshad
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lionel L. A. In
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Khalijah Awang
- Centre for Natural Product Research and Drug Discovery (CENAR), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hasima Nagoor
- Institute of Biological Science (Genetics & Molecular Biology), Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- * E-mail:
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