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Wang S, Zaitoun IS, Darjatmoko SR, Sheibani N, Sorenson CM. Bim Expression Promotes the Clearance of Mononuclear Phagocytes during Choroidal Neovascularization, Mitigating Scar Formation in Mice. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12020208. [PMID: 35207495 PMCID: PMC8878746 DOI: 10.3390/life12020208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is increasingly recognized as an important modulator in the pathogenesis of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD). Although significant progress has been made in delineating the pathways that contribute to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and their contribution to nAMD, we know little about what drives the resolution of these inflammatory responses. Gaining a better understanding of how immune cells are cleared in the choroid will give a novel insight into how sustained inflammation could influence the pathogenesis of nAMD. The pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bim is a master regulator of immune cell homeostasis. In its absence, immune cell lifespan and numbers increase. Most therapeutic regimes that squelch inflammation do so by enhancing immune cell apoptosis through enhanced Bim expression and activity. To test the hypothesis that Bim expression tempers inflammation during the pathogenesis of nAMD, we used the mouse laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) model in which inflammation acts as a facilitator of CNV. Here, we showed minimal to no change in the recruitment of F4/80-, CD80-, CD11b-, and Iba1-positive myeloid-derived mononuclear phagocytes to the site of laser photocoagulation in the absence of Bim expression. However, the resolution of these cells from the choroid of Bim-deficient (Bim -/-) mice was significantly diminished following laser photocoagulation. With time, we noted increased scar formation, demonstrated by collagen I staining, in Bim -/- mice with no change in the resolution of neovascularization compared to wild-type littermates. We also noted that mice lacking Bim expression in mononuclear phagocytes (BimFlox/Flox; Lyz2-Cre (BimMP) mice) had delayed resolution of F4/80-, CD80-, CD11b-, and Iba1-positive cells, while those lacking Bim expression in endothelial cells (BimFlox/Flox; Cad5-Cre (BimEC) mice) had delayed resolution of only CD11b- and Iba1-positive cells. Both BimMP and BimEC mice demonstrated increased scar formation, albeit to differing degrees. Thus, our studies show that resolving inflammation plays an important role in moderating scar formation in nAMD, and it is impacted by Bim expression in both the endothelium and mononuclear phagocyte lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Ismail S. Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Soesiawati R. Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (S.W.); (I.S.Z.); (S.R.D.); (N.S.)
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Christine M. Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Correspondence:
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Yoon H, Kim EK, Ko YH. SLAMF1 contributes to cell survival through the AKT signaling pathway in Farage cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238791. [PMID: 32886706 PMCID: PMC7473542 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
SLAMF1 is often overexpressed in Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-infected B cell tumors. However, its role in the pathogenesis of EBV-infected B cell tumors remains largely unknown. Here, we generated SLAMF1-deficient EBV+ tumor cells and examined the effect of its deficiency on cell proliferation and cell survival. There were no significant differences in cell proliferation and cell cycle distribution for short periods between the SLAMF1-deficient and wild-type cells. However, the deficient cells were more resistant to an AKT inhibitor (MK-2206). When the both cells were co-cultured and repeatedly exposed to the limitations in nutrition and growth factors, the SLAMF1-deficient cells were gradually decreased. We observed that levels of phospho-AKT were differentially regulated according to the nutritional status between the SLAMF1-deficient and wild-type cells. A decrease in phospho-AKT was observed in SLAMF1-deficient cells as well as an increase in pro-apoptotic Bim just before cell passage, which may have been due to the loss of SLAMF1 under poor growth condition. Overall, SLAMF1 is not a strong survival factor, but it seems to be necessary for cell survival in unfavorable growth condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heejei Yoon
- Clinical Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (YHK); (HY)
| | - Eung Kweon Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Corneal Dystrophy Research Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, School of Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail: (YHK); (HY)
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Lyons PA, Peters JE, Alberici F, Liley J, Coulson RMR, Astle W, Baldini C, Bonatti F, Cid MC, Elding H, Emmi G, Epplen J, Guillevin L, Jayne DRW, Jiang T, Gunnarsson I, Lamprecht P, Leslie S, Little MA, Martorana D, Moosig F, Neumann T, Ohlsson S, Quickert S, Ramirez GA, Rewerska B, Schett G, Sinico RA, Szczeklik W, Tesar V, Vukcevic D, Terrier B, Watts RA, Vaglio A, Holle JU, Wallace C, Smith KGC. Genome-wide association study of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis reveals genomic loci stratified by ANCA status. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5120. [PMID: 31719529 PMCID: PMC6851141 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12515-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare inflammatory disease of unknown cause. 30% of patients have anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) specific for myeloperoxidase (MPO). Here, we describe a genome-wide association study in 676 EGPA cases and 6809 controls, that identifies 4 EGPA-associated loci through conventional case-control analysis, and 4 additional associations through a conditional false discovery rate approach. Many variants are also associated with asthma and six are associated with eosinophil count in the general population. Through Mendelian randomisation, we show that a primary tendency to eosinophilia contributes to EGPA susceptibility. Stratification by ANCA reveals that EGPA comprises two genetically and clinically distinct syndromes. MPO+ ANCA EGPA is an eosinophilic autoimmune disease sharing certain clinical features and an HLA-DQ association with MPO+ ANCA-associated vasculitis, while ANCA-negative EGPA may instead have a mucosal/barrier dysfunction origin. Four candidate genes are targets of therapies in development, supporting their exploration in EGPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Lyons
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
| | - James E Peters
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Health Data Research UK, Cambridge, UK
| | - Federico Alberici
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Nephrology and Immunopathology Unit-ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, San Carlo Borromeo Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Salute, University of Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - James Liley
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Richard M R Coulson
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - William Astle
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
- NHS Blood and Transplant, Long Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Francesco Bonatti
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria C Cid
- Department of Autoimmune Diseases, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), CRB-CELLEX, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Heather Elding
- The National Institute for Health Research Blood and Transplant Unit in Donor Health and Genomics at the University of Cambridge, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
- Department of Human Genetics, The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, CB10 1HH, UK
| | - Giacomo Emmi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Jörg Epplen
- Human Genetics, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Loïc Guillevin
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - David R W Jayne
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tao Jiang
- BHF Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Strangeways Research Laboratory, Wort's Causeway, Cambridge, CB1 8RN, UK
| | - Iva Gunnarsson
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lamprecht
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Lübeck, 23562, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Stephen Leslie
- Schools of Mathematics and Statistics, and BioSciences, and Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Data Science, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Mark A Little
- Trinity Health Kidney Centre, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Tallaght Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Davide Martorana
- Unit of Molecular Genetics, University Hospital of Parma, Via Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Frank Moosig
- Rheumazentrum Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany
| | - Thomas Neumann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Immunology and Rehabilitation, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Ohlsson
- Department of Nephrology, Division of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Stefanie Quickert
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine 4 (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Infectious Diseases), Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
| | - Giuseppe A Ramirez
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare Diseases, Università Vita Salute San Raffaele and IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg and Universitatsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Renato A Sinico
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca (School of Medicine and Surgery), via Cadore, 48, 20900, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Vladimir Tesar
- Department of Nephrology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Damjan Vukcevic
- Schools of Mathematics and Statistics, and BioSciences, and Melbourne Integrative Genomics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
- Data Science, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Benjamin Terrier
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Cochin, 75679, Paris Cedex 14, France
| | - Richard A Watts
- Department of Rheumatology, Ipswich Hospital, Heath Road, Ipswich, Suffolk, IP4 5PD, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR7 4TJ, UK
| | - Augusto Vaglio
- Department of Biomedical Experimental and Clinical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Firenze, and Meyer Children's Hospital, Firenze, Italy
| | - Julia U Holle
- Rheumazentrum Schleswig-Holstein Mitte, Neumünster, Germany
| | - Chris Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK
- Medical Research Council Biostatistics Unit, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Forvie Site, Robinson Way, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Kenneth G C Smith
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- Cambridge Institute for Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0AW, UK.
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Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Interferes with the Apoptosis of Human Skin Mast Cells by a Dual Strategy Involving STAT5/Mcl-1 and JNK/Bcl-x L. Cells 2019; 8:cells8080829. [PMID: 31387206 PMCID: PMC6721763 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) play critical roles in allergic and inflammatory reactions and contribute to multiple pathologies in the skin, in which they show increased numbers, which frequently correlates with severity. It remains ill-defined how MC accumulation is established by the cutaneous microenvironment, in part because research on human MCs rarely employs MCs matured in the tissue, and extrapolations from other MC subsets have limitations, considering the high level of MC heterogeneity. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)—released by epithelial cells, like keratinocytes, following disturbed homeostasis and inflammation—has attracted much attention, but its impact on skin MCs remains undefined, despite the vast expression of the TSLP receptor by these cells. Using several methods, each detecting a distinct component of the apoptotic process (membrane alterations, DNA degradation, and caspase-3 activity), our study pinpoints TSLP as a novel survival factor of dermal MCs. TSLP confers apoptosis resistance via concomitant activation of the TSLP/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-5 / myeloid cell leukemia (Mcl)-1 route and a newly uncovered TSLP/ c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)/ B-cell lymphoma (Bcl)-xL axis, as evidenced by RNA interference and pharmacological inhibition. Our findings highlight the potential contribution of TSLP to the MC supportive niche of the skin and, vice versa, highlight MCs as crucial responders to TSLP in the context of TSLP-driven disorders.
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Rello-Varona S, Fuentes-Guirado M, López-Alemany R, Contreras-Pérez A, Mulet-Margalef N, García-Monclús S, Tirado OM, García Del Muro X. Bcl-x L inhibition enhances Dinaciclib-induced cell death in soft-tissue sarcomas. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3816. [PMID: 30846724 PMCID: PMC6405759 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40106-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft-tissue sarcomas (STS) are an uncommon and heterogeneous group of malignancies that result in high mortality. Metastatic STS have very bad prognosis due to the lack of effective treatments. Dinaciclib is a model drug for the family of CDK inhibitors. Its main targets are cell cycle regulator CDK1 and protein synthesis controller CDK9. We present data supporting Dinaciclib ability to inactivate in vitro different STS models at nanomolar concentrations. Moreover, the different rhythms of cell death induction allow us to further study into the mechanism of action of the drug. Cell death was found to respond to the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis. Anti-apoptotic Bcl-xL was identified as the key regulator of this process. Already natural low levels of pro-apoptotic proteins BIM and PUMA in tolerant cell lines were insufficient to inhibit Bcl-xL as this anti-apoptotic protein showed a slow decay curve after Dinaciclib-induced protein synthesis disruption. Combination of Dinaciclib with BH3-mimetics led to quick and massive apoptosis induction in vitro, but in vivo assessment was prevented due to liver toxicity. Additionally, Bcl-xL inhibitor A-1331852 also synergized with conventional chemotherapy drugs as Gemcitabine. Thus, Bcl-xL targeted therapy arises as a major opportunity to the treatment of STS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santi Rello-Varona
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Miriam Fuentes-Guirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser López-Alemany
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Contreras-Pérez
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Núria Mulet-Margalef
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia García-Monclús
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oscar M Tirado
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERONC, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Xavier García Del Muro
- Sarcoma Research Group, Oncobell Program, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Sarcoma Multidisciplinary Unit, Institut Català d'Oncologia-ICO, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain. .,Clinical Sciences Department, School of Medicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Rakhmanova V, Jin M, Shin J. Inhibition of Mast Cell Function and Proliferation by mTOR Activator MHY1485. Immune Netw 2018; 18:e18. [PMID: 29984036 PMCID: PMC6026687 DOI: 10.4110/in.2018.18.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells integrate innate and adaptive immunity and are implicated in pathophysiological conditions, including allergy, asthma, and anaphylaxis. Cross-linking of the high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) initiates diverse signal transduction pathways and induces release of proinflammatory mediators by mast cells. In this study, we demonstrated that hyperactivation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling using the mTOR activator MHY1485 suppresses FcεRI-mediated mast cell degranulation and cytokine secretion. MHY1485 treatment increased ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) phosphorylation, which are downstream targets of mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1), but decreased phosphorylation of Akt on mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2) target site serine 473. In addition, this activator decreased β-hexosaminidase, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) release in murine bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) after FcεRI stimulation. Furthermore, MHY1485-treated BMMCs showed significantly decreased proliferation when cultured with IL-3. These findings suggested hyperactivation of mTORC1 as a therapeutic strategy for mast cell-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Rakhmanova
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Mirim Jin
- Department of Microbiology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21999, Korea
| | - Jinwook Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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7
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Reinhart R, Rohner L, Wicki S, Fux M, Kaufmann T. BH3 mimetics efficiently induce apoptosis in mouse basophils and mast cells. Cell Death Differ 2017; 25:204-216. [PMID: 28960207 PMCID: PMC5729523 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Basophil granulocytes and mast cells are recognized for their roles in immunity and are central effectors of diverse immunological disorders. Despite their similarities, there is emerging evidence for non-redundant roles of the circulating yet scarce basophils and tissue-resident mast cells, respectively. Because of their importance in allergic pathogenesis, specific induction of apoptosis in basophils and mast cells may represent an interesting novel treatment strategy. The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-3 serves as a key factor for basophil and mouse mast cell survival. Interleukin-3 increases the expression of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members, such as BCL-2, BCL-XL or MCL-1; however, little is known how strongly these individual proteins contribute to basophil survival. Here, we were applying small molecule inhibitors called BH3 mimetics, some of which show remarkable success in cancer treatments, to neutralize the function of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family members. We observed that expression levels of anti-apoptotic BCL-2 proteins do not necessarily correlate with their respective importance for basophil survival. Whereas naive in vitro-differentiated mouse basophils efficiently died upon BCL-2 or BCL-XL inhibition, interleukin-3 priming rendered the cells highly resistant toward apoptosis, and this could only be overcome upon combined targeting of BCL-2 and BCL-XL. Of note, human basophils differed from mouse basophils as they depended on BCL-2 and MCL-1, but not on BCL-XL, for their survival at steady state. On the other hand, and in contrast to mouse basophils, MCL-1 proved critical in mediating survival of interleukin-3 stimulated mouse mast cells, whereas BCL-XL seemed dispensable. Taken together, our results indicate that by choosing the right combination of BH3 mimetic compounds, basophils and mast cells can be efficiently killed, even after stimulation with potent pro-survival cytokines such as interleukin-3. Because of the tolerable side effects of BH3 mimetics, targeting basophils or mast cells for apoptosis opens interesting possibilities for novel treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramona Reinhart
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lionel Rohner
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simone Wicki
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Fux
- University Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Kaufmann
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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8
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Apoptotic resistance of human skin mast cells is mediated by Mcl-1. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17048. [PMID: 28845295 PMCID: PMC5563844 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are major effector cells of allergic reactions and contribute to multiple other pathophysiological processes. MCs are long-lived in the tissue microenvironment, in which they matured, but it remains ill-defined how longevity is established by the natural habitat, as research on human MCs chiefly employs cells generated and expanded in culture. In this study, we report that naturally differentiated skin MCs exhibit substantial resilience to cell death with considerable portions surviving up to 3 days in the complete absence of growth factors (GF). This was evidenced by kinetic resolution of membrane alterations (Annexin-V, YoPro), DNA degradation (propidium iodide), mitochondrial membrane disruption (Depsipher), and Caspase-3 activity. Because of the high basal survival, further protection by SCF was modest. Conversely, survival was severely compromised by staurosporine, implying functional caspase machinery. Contrary to the resistance of freshly purified MCs, their culture-expanded counterpart readily underwent cell death upon GF deprivation. Searching for the molecular underpinnings explaining the difference, we identified Mcl-1 as a critical protector. In fact, silencing Mcl-1 by RNAi led to impaired survival in skin MCs ex vivo, but not their cultured equivalent. Therefore, MCs matured in the skin have not only higher expression of Mcl-1 than proliferating MCs, but also greater reliance on Mcl-1 for their survival. Collectively, we report that human skin MCs display low susceptibility to cell death through vast expression of Mcl-1, which protects from mortality and may contribute to MC longevity in the tissue.
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9
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Yao PL, Morales JL, Gonzalez FJ, Peters JM. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ modulates mast cell phenotype. Immunology 2017; 150:456-467. [PMID: 27935639 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-β/δ (PPARβ/δ) is known to have multiple anti-inflammatory effects, typically observed in endothelial cells, macrophages, T cells and B cells. Despite the fact that mast cells are important mediators of inflammation, to date, the role of PPARβ/δ in mast cells has not been examined. Hence, the present study examined the hypothesis that PPARβ/δ modulates mast cell phenotype. Bone-marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) and peritoneal mast cells from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice expressed higher levels of high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. BMMCs from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice also exhibited dense granules, associated with higher expression of enzymes and proteases compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. Resting BMMCs from Pparβ/δ+/+ mice secreted lower levels of inflammatory cytokines, associated with the altered activation of phospholipase Cγ1 and extracellular signal-regulated kinases compared with Pparβ/δ-/- mice. Moreover, the production of cytokines by mast cells induced by various stimuli was highly dependent on PPARβ/δ expression. This study demonstrates that PPARβ/δ is an important regulator of mast cell phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Li Yao
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Jose L Morales
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Peters
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Center of Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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10
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Sionov RV, Vlahopoulos SA, Granot Z. Regulation of Bim in Health and Disease. Oncotarget 2015; 6:23058-134. [PMID: 26405162 PMCID: PMC4695108 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The BH3-only Bim protein is a major determinant for initiating the intrinsic apoptotic pathway under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Tight regulation of its expression and activity at the transcriptional, translational and post-translational levels together with the induction of alternatively spliced isoforms with different pro-apoptotic potential, ensure timely activation of Bim. Under physiological conditions, Bim is essential for shaping immune responses where its absence promotes autoimmunity, while too early Bim induction eliminates cytotoxic T cells prematurely, resulting in chronic inflammation and tumor progression. Enhanced Bim induction in neurons causes neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. Moreover, type I diabetes is promoted by genetically predisposed elevation of Bim in β-cells. On the contrary, cancer cells have developed mechanisms that suppress Bim expression necessary for tumor progression and metastasis. This review focuses on the intricate network regulating Bim activity and its involvement in physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronit Vogt Sionov
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Spiros A. Vlahopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, University of Athens, Horemeio Research Laboratory, Thivon and Levadias, Goudi, Athens, Greece
| | - Zvi Granot
- Department of Developmental Biology and Cancer Research, Institute for Medical Research Israel Canada, Hebrew University, Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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11
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Akazawa Y, Matsuda K, Isomoto H, Matsushima K, Kido Y, Urabe S, Yamaghchi N, Ohnita K, Takeshima F, Kondo H, Tsugawa H, Suzuki H, Moss J, Nakao K, Nakashima M. BH3-only protein Bim is associated with the degree of Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis and is localized to the mitochondria of inflammatory cells in the gastric mucosa. Int J Med Microbiol 2015. [PMID: 26197709 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BH3-only protein, Bim, is a pro-apoptotic protein that mediates mitochondria-dependent cell death. However, the role of Bim in Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the cellular localization of Bim and its possible role in H. pylori-induced gastritis. The study was conducted on biopsy specimens obtained from 80 patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (H. pylori-negative: n=30, positive: n=50). Association between Bim mRNA expression and severity of gastritis was evaluated and the localization of Bim was examined by immunofluorescence. Bim mRNA expression was positively correlated with the degree of gastritis, as defined by the Sydney system. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed increased Bim expression in H. pylori-infected gastric mucosa compared with uninfected mucosa in both humans and mice. Bim localized in myeloperoxidase- and CD138-positive cells of H. pylori-infected lamina propria and submucosa of the gastric tract, indicating that this protein is predominantly expressed in neutrophils and plasma cells. In contrast, Bim did not localize in CD20-, CD3-, or CD68-positive cells. Bim was expressed in the mitochondria, where it was partially co-localized with activated Bax and cleaved-PARP. In conclusion, Bim is expressed in neutrophils and plasma cells in H. pylori-associated gastritis, where it may participate in the termination of inflammatory response by causing mitochondria-mediated apoptosis in specific leucocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Akazawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan; Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan.
| | - Katsuya Matsuda
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hajime Isomoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kayoko Matsushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Yoko Kido
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Urabe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Yamaghchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Ken Ohnita
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Fuminao Takeshima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hisayoshi Kondo
- Biostatistics Section, Division of Scientific Data Registry, Department of Radioisotope Medicine, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tsugawa
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 1600000, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo, 1600000, Japan
| | - Joel Moss
- Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Branch, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Kazuhiko Nakao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagasaki University Hospital, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nakashima
- Department of Tumor and Diagnostic Pathology, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki City, Nagasaki, 852-8523, Japan
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12
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Abstract
One key characteristic of certain mast cell populations is their longevity. Mast cell survival can also be promoted by Fc-receptor activation. Regulation of cell survival and apoptosis is regulated by the Bcl-2 family that consists of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Depending on their relative cellular expression levels, the cells are either rescued or destined for apoptosis. To determine the regulation of mast cell survival and apoptosis, the expression of different Bcl-2 protein family members can be measured by western blot. The amount of viable versus apoptotic cells is decided by AnnexinV/propidium iodide staining, and cell lysates are prepared for western blot analysis from the appropriated time points.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Möller Westerberg
- Clinical Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Solna L2:04, Stockholm, 171 76, Sweden
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13
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Kovarova M, Koller BH. PGE₂ promotes apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation through EP3 receptor and induces Bim in mouse mast cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102948. [PMID: 25054560 PMCID: PMC4108439 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased mast cell numbers are observed at sites of allergic inflammation and restoration of normal mast cell numbers is critical to the resolution of these responses. Early studies showed that cytokines protect mast cells from apoptosis, suggesting a simple model in which diminished cytokine levels during resolution leads to cell death. The report that prostaglandins can contribute both to recruitment and to the resolution of inflammation together with the demonstration that mast cells express all four PGE2 receptors raises the question of whether a single PGE2 receptor mediates the ability of PGE2 to regulate mast cell survival and apoptosis. We report here that PGE2 through the EP3 receptor promotes cell death of mast cells initiated by cytokine withdrawal. Furthermore, the ability of PGE2 to limit reconstitution of tissues with cultured mast cells is lost in cell lacking the EP3 receptor. Apoptosis is accompanied by higher dissipation of mitochondrial potential (ΔΨm), increased caspase-3 activation, chromatin condensation, and low molecular weight DNA cleavage. PGE2 augmented cell death is dependent on an increase in intracellular calcium release, calmodulin dependent kinase II and MAPK activation. Synergy between the EP3 pathway and the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway results in increased Bim expression and higher sensitivity of mast cells to cytokine deprivation. This supports a model in which PGE2 can contribute to the resolution of inflammation in part by augmenting the removal of inflammatory cells in this case, mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kovarova
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Beverly H. Koller
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary Division, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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14
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Liu B, Meng D, Wei T, Zhang S, Hu Y, Wang M. Apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine response of mast cells induced by influenza A viruses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100109. [PMID: 24923273 PMCID: PMC4055757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the influenza A virus has been investigated heavily, and both the inflammatory response and apoptosis have been found to have a definitive role in this process. The results of studies performed by the present and other groups have indicated that mast cells may play a role in the severity of the disease. To further investigate cellular responses to influenza A virus infection, apoptosis and inflammatory response were studied in mouse mastocytoma cell line P815. This is the first study to demonstrate that H1N1 (A/WSN/33), H5N1 (A/Chicken/Henan/1/04), and H7N2 (A/Chicken/Hebei/2/02) influenza viruses can induce mast cell apoptosis. They were found to do this mainly through the mitochondria/cytochrome c-mediated intrinsic pathway, and the activation of caspase 8-mediated extrinsic pathway was here found to be weak. Two pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3) -only molecules Bim and Puma appeared to be involved in the apoptotic pathways. When virus-induced apoptosis was inhibited in P815 cells using pan-caspase (Z-VAD-fmk) and caspase-9 (Z-LEHD-fmk) inhibitors, the replication of these three subtypes of viruses was suppressed and the secretions of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, including IL-6, IL-18, TNF-α, and MCP-1, decreased. The results of this study may further understanding of the role of mast cells in host defense and pathogenesis of influenza virus. They may also facilitate the development of novel therapeutic aids against influenza virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Di Meng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Tangting Wei
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis of Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
- Zhongmu Institutes of China Animal Husbandry Group, Beijing, China
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15
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Trebinska A, Högstrand K, Grandien A, Grzybowska EA, Fadeel B. Exploring the anti-apoptotic role of HAX-1 versus BCL-XL
in cytokine-dependent bone marrow-derived cells from mice. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2921-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2013] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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16
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Siebenhaar F, Akin C, Bindslev-Jensen C, Maurer M, Broesby-Olsen S. Treatment strategies in mastocytosis. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 2014; 34:433-47. [PMID: 24745685 DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2014.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment recommendations for mastocytosis are based mostly on expert opinion rather than evidence obtained from controlled clinical trials. In this article, treatment options for mastocytosis are presented, with a focus on the control of mediator-related symptoms in patients with indolent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Siebenhaar
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Interdisciplinary Mastocytosis Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany.
| | - Cem Akin
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, Immunology, Mastocytosis Center, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 1 Jimmy Fund Way, Room 626B, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Carsten Bindslev-Jensen
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Centre, Mastocytosis Centre Odense University Hospital, MastOUH, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Entrance 142, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Interdisciplinary Mastocytosis Center Charité, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Sigurd Broesby-Olsen
- Department of Dermatology, Allergy Centre, Mastocytosis Centre Odense University Hospital, MastOUH, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, Entrance 142, 5000 Odense C, Denmark
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17
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Fuller SJ. New Insights into the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Mastocytosis. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2012; 26:1143-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Westerberg CM, Hägglund H, Nilsson G. Proteasome inhibition upregulates Bim and induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis in human mast cells expressing the Kit D816V mutation. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e417. [PMID: 23152053 PMCID: PMC3542593 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of patients with systemic mastocytosis exhibit a D816V mutation in the activating loop of the Kit receptor expressed on mast cells. The Kit ligand regulates mast cell survival by transcriptional repression of the proapoptotic BH3-only protein Bim and by promoting Bim phosphorylation that makes it vulnerable for proteasomal-dependent degradation. We investigated here whether prevention of Bim degradation by a proteasomal inhibitor, MG132, would induce apoptosis in mast cells with the D816V mutation. Human umbilical cord blood-derived mast cells (CBMCs) with wild-type (wt) Kit and two different subclones of the human mast cell line-1 (HMC-1) were used for the study: HMC-1.1 with the V560G mutation in the juxtamembrane domain and HMC-1.2 carrying the V560G mutation together with the D816V mutation. MG132 at 1 μM induced apoptosis in all cell types, an effect accompanied by increased BH3-only proapoptotic protein Bim. The raise of Bim was accompanied by caspase-3 activation, and a caspase-3 inhibitor reduced MG132-induced apoptosis. Further, MG132 caused a reduction of activated Erk, a negative regulator of Bim expression, and thus Bim upregulation. We conclude that decreased phosphorylation and increased levels of Bim overcome the prosurvival effect of the D816V mutation and that the results warrant further investigations of the clinical effects of proteasomal inhibition in systemic mastocytosis.
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19
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Trib3 is regulated by IL-3 and affects bone marrow-derived mast cell survival and function. Cell Immunol 2012; 280:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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20
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Sharma N, Kumar V, Everingham S, Mali RS, Kapur R, Zeng LF, Zhang ZY, Feng GS, Hartmann K, Roers A, Craig AWB. SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 is a critical regulator of connective tissue mast cell survival and homeostasis in mice. Mol Cell Biol 2012; 32:2653-63. [PMID: 22566685 PMCID: PMC3416204 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00308-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells require KIT receptor tyrosine kinase signaling for development and survival. Here, we report that SH2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 (SHP2) signaling downstream of KIT is essential for mast cell survival and homeostasis in mice. Using a novel mouse model with shp2 deletion within mature mast cells (MC-shp2 knockout [KO]), we find that SHP2 is required for the homeostasis of connective tissue mast cells. Consistently with the loss of skin mast cells, MC-shp2 KO mice fail to mount a passive late-phase cutaneous anaphylaxis response. To better define the phenotype of shp2-deficient mast cells, we used an inducible shp2 knockout approach in bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMCs) or cultured peritoneal mast cells and found that SHP2 promotes mast cell survival. We show that SHP2 promotes KIT signaling to extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) mitogen-activated protein kinase and downregulation of the proapoptotic protein Bim in BMMCs. Also, SHP2-deficient BMMCs failed to repopulate mast cells in mast cell-deficient mice. Silencing of Bim partially rescued survival defects in shp2-deficient BMMCs, consistent with the importance of a KIT → SHP2 → Ras/ERK pathway in suppressing Bim and promoting mast cell survival. Thus, SHP2 is a key node in a mast cell survival pathway and a new potential therapeutic target in diseases involving mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namit Sharma
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Everingham
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Reuben Kapur
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Li-Fan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Zhong-Yin Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Gen-Sheng Feng
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karin Hartmann
- Department of Dermatology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Roers
- Institute for Immunology, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andrew W. B. Craig
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Division of Cancer Biology & Genetics, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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21
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Ekoff M, Lyberg K, Krajewska M, Arvidsson M, Rak S, Reed JC, Harvima I, Nilsson G. Anti-apoptotic BFL-1 is the major effector in activation-induced human mast cell survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e39117. [PMID: 22720045 PMCID: PMC3376125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0039117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are best known for their role in allergic reactions, where aggregation of FcεRI leads to the release of mast cell mediators causing allergic symptoms. The activation also induces a survival program in the cells, i.e., activation-induced mast cell survival. The aim of the present study was to investigate how the activation-induced survival is mediated. Cord blood-derived mast cells and the mast cell line LAD-2 were activated through FcεRI crosslinking, with or without addition of chemicals that inhibit the activity or expression of selected Bcl-2 family members (ABT-737; roscovitine). Cell viability was assessed using staining and flow cytometry. The expression and function of Bcl-2 family members BFL-1 and MCL-1 were investigated using real-time quantitative PCR and siRNA treatment. The mast cell expression of Bfl-1 was investigated in skin biopsies. FcεRI crosslinking promotes activation-induced survival of human mast cells and this is associated with an upregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member Bfl-1. ABT-737 alone or in combination with roscovitine decreases viability of human mast cells although activation-induced survival is sustained, indicating a minor role for Bcl-X(L), Bcl-2, Bcl-w and Mcl-1. Reducing BFL-1 but not MCL-1 levels by siRNA inhibited activation-induced mast cell survival. We also demonstrate that mast cell expression of Bfl-1 is elevated in birch-pollen-provocated skin and in lesions of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis patients. Taken together, our results highlight Bfl-1 as a major effector in activation-induced human mast cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ekoff
- Department of Medicine, Centre for Allergy Research, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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22
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Ito T, Smrz D, Jung MY, Bandara G, Desai A, Smrzová S, Kuehn HS, Beaven MA, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Stem cell factor programs the mast cell activation phenotype. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2012; 188:5428-37. [PMID: 22529299 PMCID: PMC3358494 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells, activated by Ag via FcεRI, release an array of proinflammatory mediators that contribute to allergic disorders, such as asthma and anaphylaxis. The KIT ligand, stem cell factor (SCF), is critical for mast cell expansion, differentiation, and survival, and under acute conditions, it enhances mast cell activation. However, extended SCF exposure in vivo conversely protects against fatal Ag-mediated anaphylaxis. In investigating this dichotomy, we identified a novel mode of regulation of the mast cell activation phenotype through SCF-mediated programming. We found that mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells chronically exposed to SCF displayed a marked attenuation of FcεRI-mediated degranulation and cytokine production. The hyporesponsive phenotype was not a consequence of altered signals regulating calcium flux or protein kinase C, but of ineffective cytoskeletal reorganization with evidence implicating a downregulation of expression of the Src kinase Hck. Collectively, these findings demonstrate a major role for SCF in the homeostatic control of mast cell activation with potential relevance to mast cell-driven disease and the development of novel approaches for the treatment of allergic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomonobu Ito
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Daniel Smrz
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Mi-Yeon Jung
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Geethani Bandara
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Avanti Desai
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Sárka Smrzová
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Hye Sun Kuehn
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Michael A. Beaven
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dean D. Metcalfe
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
| | - Alasdair M. Gilfillan
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive MSC 1881, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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23
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Rådinger M, Smrž D, Metcalfe DD, Gilfillan AM. Glycogen synthase kinase-3β is a prosurvival signal for the maintenance of human mast cell homeostasis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2011; 187:5587-95. [PMID: 22039301 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1101257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of mature tissue-resident mast cells is dependent on the relative activation of pro- and antiapoptotic regulators. In this study, we investigated the role of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) in the survival of neoplastic and nonneoplastic human mast cells. GSK3β was observed to be phosphorylated at the Y(216) activating residue under resting conditions in both the neoplastic HMC1.2 cell line and in peripheral blood-derived primary human mast cells (HuMCs), suggesting constitutive activation of GSK3β in these cells. Lentiviral-transduced short hairpin RNA knockdown of GSK3β in both the HMC1.2 cells and HuMCs resulted in a significant reduction in cell survival as determined with the MTT assay. The decrease in stem cell factor (SCF)-mediated survival in the GSK3β knockdown HuMCs was reflected by enhancement of SCF withdrawal-induced apoptosis, as determined by Annexin V staining and caspase cleavage, and this was associated with a pronounced reduction in SCF-mediated phosphorylation of Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK1/2 and reduced expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. These data show that GSK3β is an essential antiapoptotic factor in both neopastic and nontransformed primary human mast cells through the regulation of SCF-mediated Src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 2 and ERK activation. Our data suggest that targeting of GSK3β with small m.w. inhibitors such as CHIR 99021 may thus provide a mechanism for limiting mast cell survival and subsequently decreasing the intensity of the allergic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Rådinger
- Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1881, USA
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24
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Kashiwakura JI, Otani IM, Kawakami T. Monomeric IgE and mast cell development, survival and function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 716:29-46. [PMID: 21713650 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-9533-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells play a major role in allergy and anaphylaxis, as well as a protective role in immunity against bacteria and venoms (innate immunity) and T-cell activation (acquired immunity).1,2 It was long thought that two steps are essential to mast cell activation. The first step (sensitization) occurs when antigen-specific IgE binds to its high-affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI) expressed on the surface of mast cells. The second step occurs when antigen (Ag) or anti-IgE binds antigen-specific IgE antibodies bound to FcεRI present on the mast cell surface (this mode of stimulation hereafter referred to as IgE+Ag or IgE+anti-IgE stimulation, respectively).Conventional wisdom has been that monomeric IgE plays only an initial, passive role in mast cell activation. However, recent findings have shown that IgE binding to its receptor FcεRI can mediate mast cell activation events even in the absence of antigen (this mode of stimulation hereafter referred to as IgE(-Ag) stimulation). Different subtypes of monomeric IgEs act via IgE(-Ag) stimulation to elicit varied effects on mast cells function, survival and differentiation. This chapter will describe the role of monomeric IgE molecules in allergic reaction, the various effects and mechanisms of action of IgE(-Ag) stimulation on mast cells and what possible developments may arise from this knowledge in the future. Since mast cells are involved in a variety of pathologic and protective responses, understanding the role that monomeric IgE plays in mast cell function, survival and differentiation will hopefully lead to better understanding and treatment of asthma and other allergic diseases, as well as improved understanding of host response to infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Kashiwakura
- Division of Cell Biology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
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25
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Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and NPM-ALK each generate mast cell hyperplasia as single 'hit' and cooperate in producing a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. Oncotarget 2011; 1:104-19. [PMID: 21297223 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.100602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are characterized by abnormal growth and focal accumulation of mast cells (MC) in one or more organs. Although several cytokines, including stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) have been implicated in growth of normal MC, little is known about pro-oncogenic molecules and conditions triggering differentiation and growth of MC far enough to lead to the histopathological picture of overt mastocytosis. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has recently been implicated in growth of neoplastic cells in malignant lymphomas. Here, we describe that transplantation of NPM-ALK-transplanted mouse bone marrow progenitors into lethally irradiated IL-9 transgenic mice not only results in lymphoma-formation, but also in the development of a neoplastic disease exhibiting histopathological features of systemic mastocytosis, including multifocal dense MC-infiltrates, occasionally with devastating growth in visceral organs. Transplantation of NPM-ALK-transduced progenitors into normal mice or maintenance of IL-9-transgenic mice without NPM-ALK each resulted in MC hyperplasia, but not in mastocytosis. Neoplastic MC in mice not only displayed IL-9, but also the IL-9 receptor, and the same was found to hold true for human neoplastic MC. Together, our data show that neoplastic MC express IL-9 receptors, that IL-9 and NPM-ALK upregulate MC-production in vivo, and that both'hits' act in concert to induce a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. These data may have pathogenetic and clinical implications and fit well with the observation that neoplastic MC in advanced SM strongly express NPM and multiple "lymphoid" antigens including CD25 and CD30.
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26
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Joseph LB, Gerecke DR, Heck DE, Black AT, Sinko PJ, Cervelli JA, Casillas RP, Babin MC, Laskin DL, Laskin JD. Structural changes in the skin of hairless mice following exposure to sulfur mustard correlate with inflammation and DNA damage. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:515-27. [PMID: 21672537 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Sulfur mustard (SM, bis(2-chloroethyl)sulfide) is a bifunctional alkylating agent that causes dermal inflammation, edema and blistering. To investigate the pathogenesis of SM-induced injury, we used a vapor cup model which provides an occlusive environment in which SM is in constant contact with the skin. The dorsal skin of SKH-1 hairless mice was exposed to saturated SM vapor or air control. Histopathological changes, inflammatory markers and DNA damage were analyzed 1-14 days later. After 1 day, SM caused epidermal thinning, stratum corneum shedding, basal cell karyolysis, hemorrhage and macrophage and neutrophil accumulation in the dermis. Cleaved caspase-3 and phosphorylated histone 2A.X (phospho-H2A.X), markers of apoptosis and DNA damage, respectively, were increased whereas proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was down-regulated after SM exposure. By 3 days, epithelial cell hypertrophy, edema, parakeratosis and loss of epidermal structures were noted. Enzymes generating pro-inflammatory mediators including myeloperoxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 were upregulated. After 7 days, keratin-10, a differentiation marker, was evident in the stratum corneum. This was associated with an underlying eschar, as neoepidermis began to migrate at the wound edges. Trichrome staining revealed increased collagen deposition in the dermis. PCNA expression in the epidermis was correlated with hyperplasia, hyperkeratosis, and parakeratosis. By 14 days, there was epidermal regeneration with extensive hyperplasia, and reduced expression of cleaved caspase-3, cyclooxygenase-2 and phospho-H2A.X. These findings are consistent with the pathophysiology of SM-induced skin injury in humans suggesting that the hairless mouse can be used to investigate the dermatoxicity of vesicants and the potential efficacy of countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurie B Joseph
- Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
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27
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Abstract
The link between evasion of apoptosis and the development of cellular hyperplasia and ultimately cancer is implicitly clear if one considers how many cells are produced each day and, hence, how many cells must die to make room for the new ones (reviewed in Raff, 1996). Furthermore, cells are frequently experiencing noxious stimuli that can cause lesions in their DNA and faults in DNA replication can occur during cellular proliferation. Such DNA damage needs to be repaired efficiently or cells with irreparable damage must be killed to prevent subsequent division of aberrant cells that may fuel tumorigenesis (reviewed in Weinberg, 2007). The detection of genetic lesions in human cancers that activate prosurvival genes or disable proapoptotic genes have provided the first evidence that defects in programmed cell death can cause cancer (Tagawa et al., 2005; Tsujimoto et al., 1984; Vaux, Cory, and Adams, 1988) and this concept was proven by studies with genetically modified mice (Egle et al., 2004b; Strasser et al., 1990a). It is therefore now widely accepted that evasion of apoptosis is a requirement for both neoplastic transformation and sustained growth of cancer cells (reviewed in Cory and Adams, 2002; Hanahan and Weinberg, 2000; Weinberg, 2007). Importantly, apoptosis is also a major contributor to anticancer therapy-induced killing of tumor cells (reviewed in Cory and Adams, 2002; Cragg et al., 2009). Consequently, a detailed understanding of apoptotic cell death will help to better comprehend the complexities of tumorigenesis and should assist with the development of improved targeted therapies for cancer based on the direct activation of the apoptotic machinery (reviewed in Lessene, Czabotar, and Colman, 2008).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Kelly
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andreas Strasser
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Melo FR, Waern I, Rönnberg E, Åbrink M, Lee DM, Schlenner SM, Feyerabend TB, Rodewald HR, Turk B, Wernersson S, Pejler G. A role for serglycin proteoglycan in mast cell apoptosis induced by a secretory granule-mediated pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:5423-33. [PMID: 21123167 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.176461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cell secretory granules (secretory lysosomes) contain large amounts of fully active proteases bound to serglycin proteoglycan. Damage to the granule membrane will thus lead to the release of serglycin and serglycin-bound proteases into the cytosol, which potentially could lead to proteolytic activation of cytosolic pro-apoptotic compounds. We therefore hypothesized that mast cells are susceptible to apoptosis induced by permeabilization of the granule membrane and that this process is serglycin-dependent. Indeed, we show that wild-type mast cells are highly sensitive to apoptosis induced by granule permeabilization, whereas serglycin-deficient cells are largely resistant. The reduced sensitivity of serglycin(-/-) cells to apoptosis was accompanied by reduced granule damage, reduced release of proteases into the cytosol, and defective caspase-3 activation. Mechanistically, the apoptosis-promoting effect of serglycin involved serglycin-dependent proteases, as indicated by reduced sensitivity to apoptosis and reduced caspase-3 activation in cells lacking individual mast cell-specific proteases. Together, these findings implicate serglycin proteoglycan as a novel player in mast cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Rabelo Melo
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden
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Karlberg M, Ekoff M, Huang DCS, Mustonen P, Harvima IT, Nilsson G. The BH3-mimetic ABT-737 induces mast cell apoptosis in vitro and in vivo: potential for therapeutics. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2010; 185:2555-62. [PMID: 20639495 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0903656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells and their mediators are implicated in the pathogenesis of many different diseases. One possible therapeutic intervention in mast cell-associated diseases can be to reduce the number of tissue mast cells by inducing mast cell apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrate that mast cells exhibit a high sensitivity to ABT-737, a BH3-only mimetic molecule that induces apoptosis through high-affinity binding to the prosurvival proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w. Primary mast cells as well as mast cell lines tested succumbed to apoptosis in response to the inhibitor at varying but seemingly low concentrations compared with other leukocytes investigated. I.p. injections of ABT-737 in mice resulted in a total abolishment of mast cells in the peritoneum. Confocal microscopy analysis of peritoneal cells revealed apoptotic bodies of mast cells being phagocytosed by macrophages. In addition, ex vivo treatment of human skin biopsies with ABT-737 demonstrated increased mast cell apoptosis. The data we present in this article show exceptional mast cell sensitivity to ABT-737, a selective inhibitor of antiapoptotic proteins, rendering a possible application for BH3-only mimetic compounds like ABT-737 in mast cell-associated diseases, such as mastocytosis, allergy, asthma, and other chronic inflammations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mats Karlberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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31
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Merz H, Kaehler C, Hoefig KP, Branke B, Uckert W, Nadrowitz R, Sabine-Cerny-Reiterer, Herrmann H, Feller AC, Valent P. Interleukin-9 (IL-9) and NPM-ALK each generate mast cell hyperplasia as single 'hit' and cooperate in producing a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. Oncotarget 2010; 1:104-119. [PMID: 21297223 PMCID: PMC3157709 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 05/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mast cell neoplasms are characterized by abnormal growth and focal accumulation of mast cells (MC) in one or more organs. Although several cytokines, including stem cell factor (SCF) and interleukin-9 (IL-9) have been implicated in growth of normal MC, little is known about pro-oncogenic molecules and conditions triggering differentiation and growth of MC far enough to lead to the histopathological picture of overt mastocytosis. The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) has recently been implicated in growth of neoplastic cells in malignant lymphomas. Here, we describe that transplantation of NPM-ALK-transplanted mouse bone marrow progenitors into lethally irradiated IL-9 transgenic mice not only results in lymphoma-formation, but also in the development of a neoplastic disease exhibiting histopathological features of systemic mastocytosis, including multifocal dense MC-infiltrates, occasionally with devastating growth in visceral organs. Transplantation of NPM-ALK-transduced progenitors into normal mice or maintenance of IL-9-transgenic mice without NPM-ALK each resulted in MC hyperplasia, but not in mastocytosis. Neoplastic MC in mice not only displayed IL-9, but also the IL-9 receptor, and the same was found to hold true for human neoplastic MC. Together, our data show that neoplastic MC express IL-9 receptors, that IL-9 and NPM-ALK upregulate MC-production in vivo, and that both'hits' act in concert to induce a mastocytosis-like disease in mice. These data may have pathogenetic and clinical implications and fit well with the observation that neoplastic MC in advanced SM strongly express NPM and multiple "lymphoid" antigens including CD25 and CD30.
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MESH Headings
- Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase
- Animals
- Bone Marrow Transplantation
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Hyperplasia
- Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit/analysis
- Interleukin-9/genetics
- Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Ki-1 Antigen/analysis
- Male
- Mast Cells/immunology
- Mast Cells/metabolism
- Mast Cells/pathology
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/metabolism
- Mastocytosis, Systemic/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Nucleophosmin
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/metabolism
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-9/metabolism
- Stem Cell Factor/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Hartmut Merz
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Christian Kaehler
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Kai P. Hoefig
- Institute for Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Germany
| | - Biggi Branke
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Uckert
- Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roger Nadrowitz
- Institute for Radiotherapy, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Sabine-Cerny-Reiterer
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alfred C. Feller
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Vienna, Austria
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Karlberg M, Ekoff M, Labi V, Strasser A, Huang D, Nilsson G. Pro-apoptotic Bax is the major and Bak an auxiliary effector in cytokine deprivation-induced mast cell apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2010; 1:e43. [PMID: 21364649 PMCID: PMC3032311 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2010.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The process of apoptosis in immune cells like mast cells is essential to regain homeostasis after an inflammatory response. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis is ultimately controlled by the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak, which upon activation oligomerize to cause increased permeabilization of the mitochondria outer membrane leading to cell death. We examined the role of Bax and Bak in cytokine deprivation-induced apoptosis in mast cells using connective tissue-like mast cells and mucosal-like mast cells derived from bax−/−, bak−/− and bax−/−bak−/− mice. Although both Bax and Bak were expressed at readily detectable protein levels, we found a major role for Bax in mediating mast cell apoptosis induced by cytokine deprivation. We analyzed cell viability by propidium iodide exclusion and flow cytometry after deprivation of vital cytokines for each mast cell population. Upon cytokine withdrawal, bak−/− mast cells died at a similar rate as wild type, whereas bax−/− and bax−/−bak−/− mast cells were partially or completely resistant to apoptosis, respectively. The total resistance seen in bax−/−bak−/− mast cells is comparable with mast cells deficient of both pro-apoptotic Bim and Puma or mast cells overexpressing anti-apoptotic Bcl-2. These results show that Bax has a predominant and Bak a minor role in cytokine deprivation-induced apoptosis in both connective tissue-like and mucosal-like mast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Karlberg
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Kozuma Y, Ninomiya H, Murata S, Kono T, Mukai HY, Kojima H. The pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim regulates cell cycle progression of hematopoietic progenitors during megakaryopoiesis. J Thromb Haemost 2010; 8:1088-97. [PMID: 20128868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2010.03785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY BACKGROUND The pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein Bim is recognized as a pivotal regulator of apoptosis induced by the depletion of cytokines. In the present study, we examined the role of Bim in megakaryopoiesis. METHODS Megakaryocyte (MK) progenitors obtained from bim knockout (KO) mice were analyzed in vitro for liability to apoptosis after the depletion of cytokines, ability to differentiate into MKs and proliferation/cell cycle progression in response to thrombopoietin (TPO). The production of platelets in vitro was evaluated by assaying the formation of proplatelets in MKs. Megakaryopoiesis in vivo was observed in a mouse model of thrombocytopenia induced by injecting fluorouracil (5-FU). RESULTS Bim-deficient CD34-/c-kit+/Sca-1+/Lineage- stem cells and MKs were highly resistant to apoptosis induced by cytokine depletion, suggesting that Bim is involved in the apoptotic process in both stem cells and MKs. As bim KO mice exhibited splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, splenectomized mice were used for experiments in vivo. Platelet recovery after 5-FU-induced thrombocytopenia was significantly delayed in bim KO mice. Corresponding with this, numbers of MKs in the recovery phase bone marrow were significantly reduced in bim KO mice. Culture of c-kit+/Lineage- progenitors with TPO revealed that Bim-deficient cells poorly proliferate and differentiate into CD41+ cells in comparison with wild-type (WT) cells. However, once differentiated into MKs, these cells matured normally. Furthermore, cell cycle analyses demonstrated that transition from the G1 to the S phase was delayed in Bim-deficient stem cells. CONCLUSIONS In the present study, we demonstrated that Bim plays a pivotal role in the regulation of cell cycle progression in hepatopoietic progenitors during megakaryopiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kozuma
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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34
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Brumatti G, Salmanidis M, Ekert PG. Crossing paths: interactions between the cell death machinery and growth factor survival signals. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1619-30. [PMID: 20157838 PMCID: PMC11115775 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors play a crucial role in the maintenance of haematopoietic homeostasis. They transduce signals that regulate the competing commitments of haematopoietic stem cells, quiescence or proliferation, retention of stem cell pluripotency or differentiation, and survival or demise. When the balance between these commitments and the requirements of the organisms is disturbed, particularly when it favours survival and proliferation, cancer may result. Cell death provoked by loss of growth factor signalling is regulated by the Bcl-2 family of apoptosis regulators, and thus survival messages transduced by growth factors must regulate the activity of these proteins. Many aspects of direct interactions between cytokine signalling and regulation of apoptosis remain elusive. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which cytokines, in particular Interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, promote cell survival and suppress apoptosis as models of how cytokine signalling and apoptotic pathways intersect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Brumatti
- Children's Cancer Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Flemington Rd Parkville, Melbourne, 3052, Australia.
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35
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Teodosio C, García-Montero AC, Jara-Acevedo M, Sánchez-Muñoz L, Alvarez-Twose I, Núñez R, Schwartz LB, Walls AF, Escribano L, Orfao A. Mast cells from different molecular and prognostic subtypes of systemic mastocytosis display distinct immunophenotypes. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2010; 125:719-26, 726.e1-726.e4. [PMID: 20061010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2009.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2009] [Revised: 10/19/2009] [Accepted: 10/20/2009] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a heterogeneous group of disorders with distinct clinical and biological behavior. Despite this, little is known about the immunophenotypic features of the distinct diagnostic categories of SM. OBJECTIVE To analyze the immunophenotypic characteristics of bone marrow (BM) mast cells (MCs) of different subtypes of SM. METHODS Bone marrow samples from 123 patients with different subtypes of SM and 92 controls were analyzed for a broad panel of immunophenotypic markers by flow cytometry. RESULTS Three clearly different maturation-associated immunophenotypic profiles were found for BMMCs in SM. These different profiles were associated with both genetic markers of the disease and its clinical behavior. BMMCs from poor-prognosis categories of SM (aggressive SM and MC leukemia) typically showed an immature phenotype with clonal involvement of all myeloid lineages by the D816V stem cell growth factor receptor gene (KIT) mutation. In turn, a mature activated versus resting BMMC immunophenotype was commonly found among patients with good-prognosis subtypes of SM depending on whether they carried (indolent SM and clonal MC activation disorders) or not (well differentiated SM) the D816V KIT mutation. CONCLUSION Bone marrow MCs from SM show 3 different maturation-related immunophenotypic profiles that are associated with both the genetic markers of the disease and its clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Teodosio
- Servicio General de Citometría, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer, Centro de Investigación del Cáncer/IBMCC (CSIC-USAL) and Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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36
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Are we ready to downregulate mast cells? Curr Opin Immunol 2009; 21:708-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2009.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2009] [Revised: 09/14/2009] [Accepted: 09/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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37
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Identification of proapoptotic Bim as a tumor suppressor in neoplastic mast cells: role of KIT D816V and effects of various targeted drugs. Blood 2009; 114:5342-51. [PMID: 19850739 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-08-175190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) is a myeloid neoplasm involving mast cells (MCs) and their progenitors. In most cases, neoplastic cells display the D816V-mutated variant of KIT. KIT D816V exhibits constitutive tyrosine kinase (TK) activity and has been implicated in increased survival and growth of neoplastic MCs. Recent data suggest that the proapoptotic BH3-only death regulator Bim plays a role as a tumor suppressor in various myeloid neoplasms. We found that KIT D816V suppresses expression of Bim in Ba/F3 cells. The KIT D816-induced down-regulation of Bim was rescued by the KIT-targeting drug PKC412/midostaurin. Both PKC412 and the proteasome-inhibitor bortezomib were found to decrease growth and promote expression of Bim in MC leukemia cell lines HMC-1.1 (D816V negative) and HMC-1.2 (D816V positive). Both drugs were also found to counteract growth of primary neoplastic MCs. Furthermore, midostaurin was found to cooperate with bortezomib and with the BH3-mimetic obatoclax in producing growth inhibition in both HMC-1 subclones. Finally, a Bim-specific siRNA was found to rescue HMC-1 cells from PKC412-induced cell death. Our data show that KIT D816V suppresses expression of proapoptotic Bim in neoplastic MCs. Targeting of Bcl-2 family members by drugs promoting Bim (re)-expression, or by BH3-mimetics such as obatoclax, may be an attractive therapy concept in SM.
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38
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Hutcheson J, Perlman H. BH3-only proteins in rheumatoid arthritis: potential targets for therapeutic intervention. Oncogene 2009; 27 Suppl 1:S168-75. [PMID: 19641502 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2009.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease, resulting in the destruction of bone and cartilage, and in the permanent disfigurement of joints. Although the precise cause of RA is currently unresolved, it has become clear that the damaging effects are a result of the toxic milieu caused by an influx of inflammatory cells and the resulting heightened proinflammatory state within the joint. As the amount of literature suggesting that this preponderance of cells is a result of decreased local apoptosis in the joint continues to increase, in this review, we describe how Bcl-2 family pro-apoptotic BH3-only proteins, particularly Bim and Bid, could act to protect against the development of the disease. We also suggest a role for BH3-mimetic drugs as potential therapeutics in the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hutcheson
- Rheumatic Diseases Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas - Southwestern Medical Center, Simmons Arthritis Research Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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39
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Liu C, Liu Z, Li Z, Wu Y. Molecular regulation of mast cell development and maturation. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1993-2001. [PMID: 19644767 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9650-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Mast cells play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. In recent years, tremendous progresses have been made in studies of mast cell origination, migration, proliferation, maturation and survival, and the cytokines regulating these activities. These advances have significantly improved our understandings to mast cell biology and to the molecular mechanisms of mast cells in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxiong Liu
- Allergy and Immunology Institute, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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40
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Mirghomizadeh F, Winoto-Morbach S, Orinska Z, Lee KH, Schütze S, Bulfone-Paus S. Intracellular IL-15 controls mast cell survival. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3064-75. [PMID: 19632221 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/14/2009] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The regulation of mast cell activities and survival is a central issue in inflammatory immune responses. Here, we have investigated the role of mouse interleukin-15, a pro-inflammatory and pleiotropic cytokine, in the control of mast cell survival and homeostasis. We report that aged IL-15-/- mice show a reduced number of peritoneal mast cells compared to WT mice. Furthermore, IL-15 deficiency in bone marrow derived mouse mast cells (BMMCs) results in increased susceptibility to apoptosis mediated by growth factor deprivation and A-SMase-treatment. IL-15-/- BMMCs show a constitutive stronger mRNA and protein expression as well as enzymatic activity of the members of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathways including acidic lysosomal aspartate protease cathepsin D (CTSD), endogenous acid sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), caspase-3 and -7 compared to wild type (WT) BMMCs. Furthermore, IL-15-/- BMMCs constitutively generate more A-SMase-derived ceramide than WT controls and display a decreased expression of pro-survival sphingosin-1-phosphate (SPP) both in cytosol and membrane cell fractions. Furthermore, pre-treatment of mast cells with imipramine or pepstatin A, inhibitors of the intracellular acid sphingomyelinase and cathepsin D pathways respectively, increases survival in IL-15-/- BMMCs. These findings suggest that intracellular IL-15 is a key regulator of pathways controlling primary mouse mast cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhad Mirghomizadeh
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 22, D-23845 Borstel, Germany
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Andina N, Conus S, Schneider EM, Fey MF, Simon HU. Induction of Bim limits cytokine-mediated prolonged survival of neutrophils. Cell Death Differ 2009; 16:1248-55. [DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2009.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Jabbour AM, Heraud JE, Daunt CP, Kaufmann T, Sandow J, O'Reilly LA, Callus BA, Lopez A, Strasser A, Vaux DL, Ekert PG. Puma indirectly activates Bax to cause apoptosis in the absence of Bid or Bim. Cell Death Differ 2008; 16:555-63. [PMID: 19079139 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2008.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bcl-2 family members regulate apoptosis in response to cytokine withdrawal and a broad range of cytotoxic stimuli. Pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bax and Bak are essential for apoptosis triggered by interleukin-3 (IL-3) withdrawal in myeloid cells. The BH3-only protein Puma is critical for initiation of IL-3 withdrawal-induced apoptosis, because IL-3-deprived Puma(-/-) cells show increased capacity to form colonies when IL-3 is restored. To investigate the mechanisms of Puma-induced apoptosis and the interactions between Puma and other Bcl-2 family members, we expressed Puma under an inducible promoter in cells lacking one or more Bcl-2 family members. Puma rapidly induced apoptosis in cells lacking the BH3-only proteins, Bid and Bim. Puma expression resulted in activation of Bax, but Puma killing was not dependent on Bax or Bak alone as Puma readily induced apoptosis in cells lacking either of these proteins, but could not kill cells deficient for both. Puma co-immunoprecipitated with the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members Bcl-x(L) and Mcl-1 but not with Bax or Bak. These data indicate that Puma functions, in the context of induced overexpression or IL-3 deprivation, primarily by binding and inactivating anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Jabbour
- Children's Cancer Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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Suzuki Y, Yoshimaru T, Inoue T, Nunomura S, Ra C. The high-affinity immunoglobulin E receptor (FcɛRI) regulates mitochondrial calcium uptake and a dihydropyridine receptor-mediated calcium influx in mast cells: Role of the FcɛRIβ chain immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motif. Biochem Pharmacol 2008; 75:1492-503. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2007] [Revised: 12/03/2007] [Accepted: 12/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Roget K, Malissen M, Malbec O, Malissen B, Daëron M. Non-T Cell Activation Linker Promotes Mast Cell Survival by Dampening the Recruitment of SHIP1 by Linker for Activation of T Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:3689-98. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.6.3689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Berent-Maoz B, Salemi S, Mankuta D, Simon HU, Levi-Schaffer F. TRAIL mediated signaling in human mast cells: the influence of IgE-dependent activation. Allergy 2008; 63:333-40. [PMID: 18269677 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01598.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mast cells activation through FcepsilonRI cross-linking has a pivotal role in the initiation of allergic reactions. The influence of this activation on programmed cell death of human mast cells has not yet been clarified. This study evaluates the influence of IgE-dependent activation alone and in synergy with TRAIL on the expression of molecules involved in the apoptotic signal transduction. METHODS Human cord blood derived mast cells (CBMC) were cultured with myeloma IgE followed by activation with anti-human IgE. The expression of proteins involved in apoptotic signal transduction was assessed by immunoblot analysis. To test the effect of activation on a pro-apoptotic stimulus, activated, IgE-treated and resting CBMC were incubated with TRAIL, or in a medium with suboptimal concentrations of stem cell factor (SCF). RESULTS In accordance with a previous study of ours, it was found that IgE-dependent activation increased TRAIL-induced caspase-8 and caspase-3 cleavage. However, it did not have a significant influence on CBMC death induced by SCF withdrawal. IgE-dependent activation increased the expression of FLIP and myeloid cell leukemia 1 (MCL-1) anti-apoptotic molecules as well as the pro-apoptotic one, BIM. In addition, a decrease in BID expression was observed. TRAIL could reverse the increase in FLIP but did not influence the upregulation of MCL-1 and of BIM. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IgE-dependent activation of human mast cells induces an increase in both pro-survival and pro-apoptotic molecules. We therefore hypothesized that IgE-dependent activation may regulate human mast cell apoptosis by fine-tuning anti-apoptotic and pro-apoptotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Berent-Maoz
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Inoue T, Suzuki Y, Yoshimaru T, Ra C. Nitric oxide protects mast cells from activation-induced cell death: the role of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase-Akt-endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway. J Leukoc Biol 2008; 83:1218-29. [DOI: 10.1189/jlb.1007667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Abstract
BCL-2 family proteins, which have either pro- or anti-apoptotic activities, have been studied intensively for the past decade owing to their importance in the regulation of apoptosis, tumorigenesis and cellular responses to anti-cancer therapy. They control the point of no return for clonogenic cell survival and thereby affect tumorigenesis and host-pathogen interactions and regulate animal development. Recent structural, phylogenetic and biological analyses, however, suggest the need for some reconsideration of the accepted organizational principles of the family and how the family members interact with one another during programmed cell death. Although these insights into interactions among BCL-2 family proteins reveal how these proteins are regulated, a unifying hypothesis for the mechanisms they use to activate caspases remains elusive.
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NFAT but not NF-kappaB is critical for transcriptional induction of the prosurvival gene A1 after IgE receptor activation in mast cells. Blood 2008; 111:3081-9. [PMID: 18182578 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-10-053371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FcepsilonRI-activation-induced survival of mast cells is dependent on the expression and function of the prosurvival protein A1. The expression of A1 in lymphocytes and monocytes has previously been described to be transcriptionally regulated by NF-kappaB. Here we demonstrate that the expression of A1 in mast cells is not dependent on NF-kappaB but that NFAT plays a crucial role. FcepsilonRI-induced A1 expression was not affected in mast cells overexpressing an IkappaB-alpha super-repressor or cells lacking NF-kappaB subunits RelA, c-Rel, or c-Rel plus NF-kappaB1 p50. In contrast, inhibition of calcineurin and NFAT by cyclosporin A abrogated the expression of A1 in mast cells on FcepsilonRI-activation but had no effect on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression of A1 in J774A.1 monocytic cells. Cyclosporin A also inhibited luciferase expression in an A1 promoter reporter assay. A putative NFAT binding site in the A1 promoter showed inducible protein binding after FcepsilonRI crosslinking or treatment with ionomycin as detected in a band shift assay or chromatin immunoprecipitation. The binding protein was identified as NFAT1. Finally, mast cells expressing constitutively active NFAT1 exhibit increased expression of A1 after FcepsilonRI-stimulation. These results indicate that, in FcepsilonRI stimulated mast cells, A1 is transcriptionally regulated by NFAT1 but not by NF-kappaB.
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Möller C, Karlberg M, Abrink M, Nakayama KI, Motoyama N, Nilsson G. Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL are indispensable for the late phase of mast cell development from mouse embryonic stem cells. Exp Hematol 2007; 35:385-93. [PMID: 17309819 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 11/16/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the importance of the prosurvival factors Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL for mast cell development and survival. METHODS bcl-x(-/-) and bcl-2(-/-) mouse embryonic stem cells were maintained in medium supplemented with either interleukin (IL)-3 or IL-3 in combination with stem cell factor (SCF) to favor mast cell development. The development of Bcl-2 family deficient embryonic stem cell-derived mast cells (ESMCs) was monitored and Bcl-2 family gene expression and cell numbers were analyzed. RESULTS Deficiency in either bcl-x or bcl-2 totally inhibited the development of ESMCs when IL-3 alone was used as a mast cell growth factor. Intriguingly, when IL-3 was used in combination with SCF, the ESMCs developed normally the first 2 weeks but thereafter the cell numbers dropped drastically. The remaining ESMCs express mouse mast cell protease 1, suggesting a mucosal-like phenotype. ESMCs lacking bcl-x or bcl-2 exhibited strong expression of A1, another prosurvival Bcl-2 family member. CONCLUSION For the first time we provide direct evidence that both bcl-x and bcl-2 are indispensable for mast cell survival during the late phase of their development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Möller
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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