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Xiang XS, Li PC, Wang WQ, Liu L. Histone deacetylases: A novel class of therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2022; 1877:188676. [PMID: 35016922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2022.188676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a low 5-year survival rate. Novel agents are urgently necessary to treat the main pathological type, known as pancreatic ductal carcinoma (PDAC). The dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) has been identified in association with PDAC, which can be more easily targeted by small molecular inhibitors than gene mutations and may represent a therapeutic breakthrough for PDAC. However, the contributions of HDACs to PDAC remain controversial, and pharmacokinetic challenges have limited the application of HDAC inhibitors (HDACis) in PDAC. This review summarizes the mechanisms associated with success and failure of HDACis in PDAC and discusses the recent progress made in HDACi development and application, such as combination therapies designed to enhance efficacy. More precise strategies involving HDACis might eventually improve the outcomes of PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Song Xiang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Quan Wang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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2
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Fan F, Liu P, Bao R, Chen J, Zhou M, Mo Z, Ma Y, Liu H, Zhou Y, Cai X, Qian C, Liu X. A Dual PI3K/HDAC Inhibitor Induces Immunogenic Ferroptosis to Potentiate Cancer Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Cancer Res 2021; 81:6233-6245. [PMID: 34711611 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-1547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The capacity of targeted anticancer agents to exert immunomodulatory effects provides a strong rationale to develop novel agents suitable for combinatorial regimens with immunotherapy to improve clinical outcomes. In this study, we developed a dual-targeting PI3K and HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 that potently inhibits tumor cell growth and potentiates anti-PD1 therapy in mice by inducing immunogenic ferroptosis in cancer cells. Treatment with BEBT-908 promoted ferroptotic cell death of cancer cells by hyperacetylating p53 and facilitating the expression of ferroptotic signaling. Furthermore, BEBT-908 promoted a pro-inflammatory tumor microenvironment that activated host anti-tumor immune responses and potentiated immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Mechanistically, BEBT-908-induced ferroptosis led to upregulation of major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC I) and activation of endogenous interferon gamma (IFNγ) signaling in cancer cells via the STAT1 signaling pathway. The dual PI3K/HDAC inhibitor BEBT-908 is a promising targeted therapeutic agent against multiple cancer types that promotes immunogenic ferroptosis and enhances the efficacy of immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fushun Fan
- Biology, Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Pei Liu
- School of medcine, Sun Yat-sen University
| | | | - Jian Chen
- School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University
| | - Minhua Zhou
- Pharmacology, Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Zhenxian Mo
- Biology, Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Yaru Ma
- Biology, Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Haiqi Liu
- 1Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Yiping Zhou
- Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
| | - Xiong Cai
- Tumor Immunology and Gene Therapy Center, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University
| | - Changgeng Qian
- Pharmacology, Guangzhou BeBetter Medicine Technology Co., LTD
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3
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Wang L, Ahn YJ, Asmis R. Inhibition of myeloid HDAC2 upregulates glutaredoxin 1 expression, improves protein thiol redox state and protects against high-calorie diet-induced monocyte dysfunction and atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2021; 328:23-32. [PMID: 34077868 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The thiol transferase glutaredoxin 1 controls redox signaling and cellular functions by regulating the S-glutathionylation status of critical protein thiols. Here we tested the hypothesis that by derepressing the expression of glutaredoxin 1, inhibition of histone deacetylase 2 prevents nutrient stress-induced protein S-glutathionylation and monocyte dysfunction and protects against atherosclerosis. METHODS Using both a pharmacological inhibitor and shRNA-mediated knockdown of histone deacetylase 2, we determine the role of this deacetylase on glutaredoxin 1 expression and nutrient stress-induced inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 activity and monocyte and macrophage dysfunction. To assess whether histone deacetylase 2 inhibition in myeloid cells protects against atherosclerosis, we fed eight-week-old female and male HDAC2-/-MyeloidLDLR-/- mice and age and sex-matched LysMcretg/wtLDLR-/- control mice a high-calorie diet for 12 weeks and assessed monocyte function and atherosclerotic lesion size. RESULTS Myeloid histone deacetylase 2 deficiency in high-calorie diet-fed LDLR-/- mice reduced atherosclerosis in males by 39% without affecting plasma lipid and lipoprotein profiles or blood glucose levels but had no effect on atherogenesis in female mice. Macrophage content in plaques of male mice was reduced by 31%. Histone deacetylase 2-deficient blood monocytes from male mice showed increased acetylation on histone 3, and increased Grx1 expression, and was associated with increased MKP-1 activity and reduced recruitment of monocyte-derived macrophages, whereas in females, myeloid HDAC2 deficiency had no effect on Grx1 expression, did not prevent nutrient stress-induced loss of MKP-1 activity in monocytes and was not atheroprotective. CONCLUSIONS Specific histone deacetylase 2 inhibitors may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, but any benefits may be sexually dimorphic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luxi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Yong Joo Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA
| | - Reto Asmis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA.
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4
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Kumar S, O'Malley J, Chaudhary AK, Inigo JR, Yadav N, Kumar R, Chandra D. Hsp60 and IL-8 axis promotes apoptosis resistance in cancer. Br J Cancer 2019; 121:934-943. [PMID: 31673102 PMCID: PMC6889399 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0617-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Interleukin-8 (IL-8) and heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60) play crucial roles in cell survival and maintenance of cellular homoeostasis. However, cross talks between these two proteins are not defined. Methods IL-8 expression in tumour tissue sections was analysed by immunohistochemistry. IL-8 expression and release in cancer cells was quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Apoptosis was quantified using caspase activity and Annexin-V/PI staining. Results We observed IL-8 release from cancer cells in response to histone deacetylase inhibitor, apicidin (Api), and non-competitive inhibitor of the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, thapsigargin (TG). IL-8 release was increased upon TG-treatment. TG-induced IL-8 expression was reduced in the presence of Api in Bax-dependent manner. Increased apoptosis was associated with decreased IL-8 expression in response to combined treatment of TG and Api. TG and Api combination induced caspase-8 and caspase-9 dependent apoptosis. Hsp60 knockdown abrogated IL-8 expression induced by Api, TG, and their combination. The level of TGF-β, an upstream regulator of IL-8, was decreased upon Hsp60-silencing. Knocking down Hsp60 decreased IL-8 expression and its release in prostate cancer cell xenograft tumours in SCID mice. Conclusion This study describes the underlying mechanism associated with apoptosis resistance mediated via Hsp60-IL-8 axis in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Jordan O'Malley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ajay Kumar Chaudhary
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Joseph R Inigo
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Neelu Yadav
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Dhyan Chandra
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Vancurova I, Uddin MM, Zou Y, Vancura A. Combination Therapies Targeting HDAC and IKK in Solid Tumors. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2017; 39:295-306. [PMID: 29233541 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The rationale for developing histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors (HDACi) as anticancer agents was based on their ability to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in cancer cells. However, while HDACi have been remarkably effective in the treatment of hematological malignancies, clinical studies with HDACi as single agents in solid cancers have been disappointing. Recent studies have shown that, in addition to inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, class I HDACi induce IκB kinase (IKK)-dependent expression of proinflammatory chemokines, such as interleukin-8 (IL8; CXCL8), resulting in the increased proliferation of tumor cells, and limiting the effectiveness of HDACi in solid tumors. Here, we discuss the mechanisms responsible for HDACi-induced CXCL8 expression, and opportunities for combination therapies targeting HDACs and IKK in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Vancurova
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA.
| | - Mohammad M Uddin
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Yue Zou
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
| | - Ales Vancura
- Department of Biological Sciences, St John's University, New York, NY 11439, USA
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Losson H, Schnekenburger M, Dicato M, Diederich M. Natural Compound Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors (HDACi): Synergy with Inflammatory Signaling Pathway Modulators and Clinical Applications in Cancer. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111608. [PMID: 27886118 PMCID: PMC6274245 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The remarkable complexity of cancer involving multiple mechanisms of action and specific organs led researchers Hanahan and Weinberg to distinguish biological capabilities acquired by cancer cells during the multistep development of human tumors to simplify its understanding. These characteristic hallmarks include the abilities to sustain proliferative signaling, evade growth suppressors, resist cell death, enable replicative immortality, induce angiogenesis, activate invasion and metastasis, avoid immune destruction, and deregulate cellular energetics. Furthermore, two important characteristics of tumor cells that facilitate the acquisition of emerging hallmarks are tumor-promoting inflammation and genome instability. To treat a multifactorial disease such as cancer, a combination treatment strategy seems to be the best approach. Here we focus on natural histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi), their clinical uses as well as synergies with modulators of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hélène Losson
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg L-2540, Luxembourg.
| | - Michael Schnekenburger
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg L-2540, Luxembourg.
| | - Mario Dicato
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du Cancer (LBMCC), Hôpital Kirchberg, 9 Rue Edward Steichen, Luxembourg L-2540, Luxembourg.
| | - Marc Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Building 29 Room 223, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea.
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Carbone C, Di Gennaro E, Piro G, Milone MR, Pucci B, Caraglia M, Budillon A. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is involved in the resistance of cancer cells to the histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor vorinostat. Amino Acids 2016; 49:517-528. [PMID: 27761756 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-016-2338-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vorinostat demonstrated preclinical and clinical efficacy in human cancers and is the first histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) approved for cancer treatment. Tissue transglutaminase (TG2) is a multifunctional enzyme that catalyzes a Ca2+ dependent transamidating reaction resulting in covalent cross-links between proteins. TG2 acts also as G-protein in trans-membrane signaling and as a cell surface adhesion mediator. TG2 up-regulation has been demonstrated in several cancers and its expression levels correlate with resistance to chemotherapy and metastatic potential. We demonstrated that the anti-proliferative effect of the HDACi vorinostat is paralleled by the induction of TG2 mRNA and protein expression in cancer cells but not in ex vivo treated peripheral blood lymphocytes. This effect was also shared by other pan-HDACi and resulted in increased TG2 transamidating activity. Notably, high TG2 basal levels in a panel of cancer cell lines correlated with lower vorinostat antiproliferative activity. Notably, in TG2-knockdown cancer cells vorinostat anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects were enhanced, whereas in TG2-full-length transfected cells were impaired, suggesting that TG2 could represent a mechanism of intrinsic or acquired resistance to vorinostat. In fact, co-treatment of tumor cells with inhibitors of TG2 transamidating activity potentiated the antitumor effect of vorinostat. Moreover, vorinostat-resistant MCF7 cells selected by stepwise increasing concentrations of the drug, significantly overexpressed TG2 protein compared to parental cells, and co-treatment of these cells with TG2 inhibitors reversed vorinostat-resistance. Taken together, our data demonstrated that TG2 is involved in the resistance of cancer cells to vorinostat, as well as to other HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmine Carbone
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy.,Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Elena Di Gennaro
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Geny Piro
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.,Laboratory of Oncology and Molecular Therapy, Department of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Milone
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Biagio Pucci
- Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Budillon
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, 80131, Naples, Italy. .,Centro Ricerche Oncologiche Mercogliano, Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione G. Pascale-IRCCS, Naples, Italy.
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8
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Wilmott JS, Colebatch AJ, Kakavand H, Shang P, Carlino MS, Thompson JF, Long GV, Scolyer RA, Hersey P. Expression of the class 1 histone deacetylases HDAC8 and 3 are associated with improved survival of patients with metastatic melanoma. Mod Pathol 2015; 28:884-94. [PMID: 25836739 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2015.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Prior studies have shown that combinations of histone deacetylase (HDAC) and BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) have synergistic effects on BRAFi-resistant melanoma through enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of the cAMP-dependent drug resistance pathway. However, little is known about the expression of various HDACs and their associations with BRAF/NRAS mutation status, clinicopathologic characteristics, and patient outcome. The present study extensively profiled HDAC class 1 and their targets/regulators utilizing immunohistochemistry in human melanoma samples from patients with stage IV melanoma, known BRAF/NRAS mutational status, and detailed clinicopatholgical data. HDAC8 was increased in BRAF-mutated melanoma (P=0.016), however, no association between expression of other HDACs and NRAS/BRAF status was identified. There was also a correlation between HDAC1, HDAC8 expression, and phosphorylated NFκb p65 immunoreactivity (P<0.001). Increased cytoplasmic HDAC8 immunoreactivity was independently associated with an improved survival from both diagnosis of primary melanoma and from first detection of stage IV disease to melanoma death on multivariate analysis (HR 0.992, 95% CI 0.987-0.996; P<0.001 and HR 0.993, 95% CI 0.988-0.998; P=0.009, respectively). These results suggest not only that HDAC8 may be a prognostic biomarker in melanoma, but also provide important data regarding the regulation of HDACs in melanoma and a rational basis for targeting them therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- James S Wilmott
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew J Colebatch
- 1] Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia [2] Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Hojabr Kakavand
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ping Shang
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matteo S Carlino
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Westmead Institute for Cancer Research, The University of Sydney at Westmead Millennium Institute, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia [3] Crown Princess Mary Cancer Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John F Thompson
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Departments of Melanoma and Surgical Oncology, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia [3] Mater Hospital, North Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [4] Discipline of Surgery, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Georgina V Long
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Departments of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia [3] Discipline of Pathology, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter Hersey
- 1] Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [2] Discipline of Medicine, Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia [3] Kolling Institute, Royal North Shore Hospital, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zheng L, Fu Y, Zhuang L, Gai R, Ma J, Lou J, Zhu H, He Q, Yang B. Simultaneous NF-κB inhibition and E-cadherin upregulation mediate mutually synergistic anticancer activity of celastrol and SAHA in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:1721-32. [PMID: 24615207 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) is a promising histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and whose clinical application for solid tumours is partially limited by decreased susceptibility in cancer cells due to nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation. As an NF-κB inhibitor, celastrol exhibits potent anticancer effects but has failed to enter clinical trials due to its toxicity. In this report, we demonstrated that the combination of celastrol and SAHA exerted substantial synergistic efficacy against human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo accompanied by enhanced caspase-mediated apoptosis. This drug combination inhibited the activation of NF-κB caused by SAHA monotherapy and consequently led to increased apoptosis in cancer cells. Interestingly, E-cadherin was dramatically downregulated in celastrol-resistant cancer cells, and E-cadherin expression was closely related to decreased sensitivity to celastrol. However, our combination treatment significantly augmented the expression of E-cadherin, suggesting that mutual mechanisms contributed to the synergistic anticancer activity. Furthermore, the enhanced anticancer efficacy of celastrol combined with SAHA was validated in a human lung cancer 95-D xenograft model without increased toxicity. Taken together, our data demonstrated the synergistic anticancer effects of celastrol and SAHA due to their reciprocal sensitisation, which was simultaneously regulated by NF-κB and E-cadherin; thus, the combination of celastrol and SAHA was superior to other combination regimens that rely on a single mechanism. Our findings not only open new opportunities for the clinical development of SAHA but should also motivate the clinical investigation of celastrol, which has been hampered by its toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zheng
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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10
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Small molecule inhibitors of histone acetyltransferases and deacetylases are potential drugs for inflammatory diseases. Drug Discov Today 2013; 19:654-60. [PMID: 24269836 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/15/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a reversible post-translational modification (PTM) of cellular proteins and represents an important regulatory switch in signal transduction. Lysine acetylation, in combination with other PTMs, directs the outcomes as well as the activation levels of important signal transduction pathways such as the nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway. Small molecule modulators of the 'writers' (HATs) and 'erasers' (HDACs) can regulate the NF-κB pathway in a specific manner. This review focuses on the effects of frequently used HAT and HDAC inhibitors on the NF-κB signal transduction pathway and inflammatory responses, and their potential as novel therapeutics.
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11
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YOON HYUNJAE, CHO YOUNGRAK, JOO JIHYE, SEO DONGWAN. Knockdown of integrin α3β1 expression induces proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 29:662-8. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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12
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McCool KW, Miyamoto S. DNA damage-dependent NF-κB activation: NEMO turns nuclear signaling inside out. Immunol Rev 2012; 246:311-26. [PMID: 22435563 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.2012.01101.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dimeric transcription factor nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) functions broadly in coordinating cellular responses during inflammation and immune reactions, and its importance in the pathogenesis of cancer is increasingly recognized. Many of the signal transduction pathways that trigger activation of cytoplasmic NF-κB in response to a broad array of immune and inflammatory stimuli have been elaborated in great detail. NF-κB can also be activated by DNA damage, though relatively less is known about the signal transduction mechanisms that link DNA damage in the nucleus with activation of NF-κB in the cytoplasm. Here, we focus on the conserved signaling pathway that has emerged that promotes NF-κB activation following DNA damage. Post-translational modification of NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) plays a central role in linking the cellular DNA damage response to NF-κB via the ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase. Accumulating evidence suggests that DNA damage-dependent NF-κB activation may play significant biological roles, particularly during lymphocyte differentiation and progression of human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin W McCool
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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13
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ERK inhibition enhances TSA-induced gastric cancer cell apoptosis via NF-κB-dependent and Notch-independent mechanism. Life Sci 2012; 91:186-93. [PMID: 22781708 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2012.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To analyze the combined impact of the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) Trichostatin A (TSA) and the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) inhibitor PD98059 on gastric cancer (GC) cell line SGC7901 growth. MAIN METHODS SGC7901 cells were treated with TSA, PD98059 or with a TSA-PD98059 combination. Effects of drug treatment on tumor cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, and cell signaling pathways were investigated by MTS assay, flow cytometry, Western blotting, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and luciferase reporter assay, respectively. KEY FINDINGS PD98059 enhanced TSA-induced cell growth arrest, apoptosis and activation of p21(WAF1/CIP1), but reversed TSA-induced activation of ERK1/2 and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). TSA alone up-regulated Notch1 and Hes1, and down-regulated Notch2, but PD98059 did not affect the trends of Notch1 and Notch2 induced by TSA. Particularly, PD98059 did potentiate the ability of TSA to down-regulate phospho-histone H3 protein, but increased levels of the acetylated forms of histone H3 bound to the p21(WAF1/CIP1) promoter, leading to enhanced expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) in SGC7901 cells. SIGNIFICANCE PD98059 synergistically potentiates TSA-induced GC growth arrest and apoptosis by manipulating NF-κB and p21(WAF1/CIP1) independent of Notch. Therefore, concomitant administration of HDACIs and ERK1/2 inhibitors may be a promising treatment strategy for individuals with GC.
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14
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Remoli AL, Marsili G, Battistini A, Sgarbanti M. The development of immune-modulating compounds to disrupt HIV latency. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2012; 23:159-72. [PMID: 22766356 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has proved highly effective in suppressing HIV-1 replication and disease progression. Nevertheless, ART has failed to eliminate the virus from infected individuals. The main obstacle to HIV-1 eradication is the persistence of cellular viral reservoirs. Therefore, the "shock-and-kill" strategy was proposed consisting of inducing HIV-1 escape from latency, in the presence of ART. This is followed by the elimination of reactivated, virus-producing cells. Immune modulators, including protein kinase C (PKC) activators, anti-leukemic drugs and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis) have all demonstrated efficacy in the reactivation of latent virus replication. This review will focus on the potential use of these small molecules in the "shock and kill" strategy, the molecular basis for their action and the potential advantages of their immune-modulating activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lisa Remoli
- Department of Infectious, Parasitic and Immune-Mediated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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15
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Lee JC, Kang SU, Jeon Y, Park JW, You JS, Ha SW, Bae N, Lubec G, Kwon SH, Lee JS, Cho EJ, Han JW. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase regulates p53 activity. Nat Commun 2012; 3:927. [PMID: 22735455 PMCID: PMC3621463 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms1933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein methylation plays important roles in most, if not all, cellular processes. Lysine and arginine methyltransferases are known to regulate the function of histones and non-histone proteins through the methylation of specific sites. However, the role of the carboxyl-methyltransferase protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) in the regulation of protein functions is relatively less understood. Here we show that PIMT negatively regulates the tumour suppressor protein p53 by reducing p53 protein levels, thereby suppressing the p53-mediated transcription of target genes. In addition, PIMT depletion upregulates the proapoptotic and checkpoint activation functions of p53. Moreover, PIMT destabilizes p53 by enhancing the p53–HDM2 interaction. These PIMT effects on p53 stability and activity are attributed to the PIMT-mediated methylation of p53 at isoaspartate residues 29 and 30. Our study provides new insight into the molecular mechanisms by which PIMT suppresses the p53 activity through carboxyl methylation, and suggests a therapeutic target for cancers. Protein L-isoaspartyl methyltransferase (PIMT) is a carboxyl methyltransferase, but its role in regulating the tumour suppressor p53 is unclear. Here, PIMT is shown to methylate p53, obstructing the tumour suppressor function of p53 through reduced protein levels and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Cheol Lee
- Research Center for Epigenome Regulation, School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 440-746, Republic of Korea
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16
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Dai Y, Chen S, Wang L, Pei XY, Funk VL, Kramer LB, Dent P, Grant S. Disruption of IkappaB kinase (IKK)-mediated RelA serine 536 phosphorylation sensitizes human multiple myeloma cells to histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:34036-50. [PMID: 21816815 PMCID: PMC3190767 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.284216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of RelA play an important role in regulation of NF-κB activation. We previously demonstrated that in malignant hematopoietic cells, histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) induced RelA hyperacetylation and NF-κB activation, attenuating lethality. We now present evidence that IκB kinase (IKK) β-mediated RelA Ser-536 phosphorylation plays a significant functional role in promoting RelA acetylation, inducing NF-κB activation, and limiting HDACI lethality in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. Immunoblot profiling revealed that although basal RelA phosphorylation varied in MM cells, Ser-536 phosphorylation correlated with IKK activity. Exposure to the pan-HDACIs vorinostat or LBH-589 induced phosphorylation of IKKα/β (Ser-180/Ser-181) and RelA (Ser-536) in MM cells, including cells expressing an IκBα "super-repressor," accompanied by increased RelA nuclear translocation, acetylation, DNA binding, and transactivation activity. These events were substantially blocked by either pan-IKK or IKKβ-selective inhibitors, resulting in marked apoptosis. Consistent with these events, inhibitory peptides targeting either the NF-κB essential modulator (NEMO) binding domain for IKK complex formation or RelA phosphorylation sites also significantly increased HDACI lethality. Moreover, IKKβ knockdown by shRNA prevented Ser-536 phosphorylation and significantly enhanced HDACI susceptibility. Finally, introduction of a nonphosphorylatable RelA mutant S536A, which failed to undergo acetylation in response to HDACIs, impaired NF-κB activation and increased cell death. These findings indicate that HDACIs induce Ser-536 phosphorylation of the NF-κB subunit RelA through an IKKβ-dependent mechanism, an action that is functionally involved in activation of the cytoprotective NF-κB signaling cascade primarily through facilitation of RelA acetylation rather than nuclear translocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Dai
- From the Departments of Medicine
| | | | - Li Wang
- From the Departments of Medicine
| | | | | | | | | | - Steven Grant
- From the Departments of Medicine
- Biochemistry, and
- Pharmacology, Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298
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17
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Effects and mechanisms of the combination of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid and bortezomib on the anticancer property of gemcitabine in pancreatic cancer. Pancreas 2011; 40:966-73. [PMID: 21487323 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0b013e3182156d5a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Earlier studies that dealt with the combination therapy of gemcitabine and histone deacetylation inhibitors for pancreatic cancer revealed unsatisfactory results. The activation of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was referred as one of the attributable causes, and we attempted to overcome this resistance by the addition of a proteasome inhibitor. METHODS The influences of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (vorinostat, SAHA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, and bortezomib, a novel selective antagonist of 26S proteasome, with or without gemcitabine on cell growth and apoptosis and the expressions of related proteins were observed in pancreatic cancer cell lines (MiaPaCa-2 and ASPC-1). The xenograft model of pancreatic cancer was used to notice effects in vivo. RESULTS Vorinostat and bortezomib had independent inhibitory effects and potentiated the antitumor property of gemcitabine in vitro. In the xenograft model, more augmented effects were achieved when bortezomib was combined with gemcitabine than gemcitabine alone. The down-regulation of pAkt and suppression of NF-κB activity was induced by the triple combination. CONCLUSIONS The triple combination of vorinostat, bortezomib, and gemcitabine resulted in the strongest antitumor effects both in vitro and in vivo and pAkt and NF-κB seems to be involved in this process.
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Park JW, Lee JC, Ann SR, Seo DW, Choi WS, Yoo YH, Park SK, Choi JY, Um SH, Ahn SH, Han JW. A Fermented Ginseng Extract, BST204, Inhibits Proliferation and Motility of Human Colon Cancer Cells. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2011. [DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2011.19.2.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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19
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Ghizzoni M, Haisma HJ, Maarsingh H, Dekker FJ. Histone acetyltransferases are crucial regulators in NF-κB mediated inflammation. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:504-11. [PMID: 21477662 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of proteins, such as acetylation, are important regulatory events in eukaryotic cells. Reversible acetylations of histones and non-histone proteins regulate gene expression and protein activity. Acetylation levels of proteins are regulated by a dynamic equilibrium between acetylation by (histone) acetyltransferases and deacetylation by (histone) deacetylases. Alterations in this equilibrium can result in pathological states. Inflammation is a physiological response that, under certain conditions, turns into a disease. This review focuses on the crucial regulatory roles of protein acetylation in NF-κB-mediated inflammation and the potential applications of small-molecule inhibitors of acetylation for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Ghizzoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Gene Modulation, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan, The Netherlands
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20
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Wang X, Jackson LN, Johnson SM, Wang Q, Evers BM. Suppression of neurotensin receptor type 1 expression and function by histone deacetylase inhibitors in human colorectal cancers. Mol Cancer Ther 2010; 9:2389-98. [PMID: 20663927 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-09-1080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin, a gut peptide, stimulates the growth of colorectal cancers that possess the high-affinity neurotensin receptor (NTR1). Sodium butyrate (NaBT) is a potent histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) that induces growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis of colorectal cancers. Previously, we had shown that NaBT increases nuclear GSK-3beta expression and kinase activity; GSK-3beta functions as a negative regulator of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. The purpose of our current study was to determine: (a) whether HDACi alters NTR1 expression and function, and (b) the role of GSK-3beta/ERK in NTR1 regulation. Human colorectal cancers with NTR1 were treated with various HDACi, and NTR1 expression and function were assessed. Treatment with HDACi dramatically decreased endogenous NTR1 mRNA, protein, and promoter activity. Overexpression of GSK-3beta decreased NTR1 promoter activity (> 30%); inhibition of GSK-3beta increased NTR1 expression in colorectal cancer cells, indicating that GSK-3beta is a negative regulator of ERK and NTR1. Consistent with our previous findings, HDACi significantly decreased phosphorylated ERK while increasing GSK-3beta. Selective MAP/ERK kinase/ERK inhibitors suppressed NTR1 mRNA expression in a time- and dose-dependent fashion, and reduced NTR1 promoter activity by approximately 70%. Finally, pretreatment with NaBT prevented neurotensin-mediated cyclooxygenase-2 and c-myc expression and attenuated neurotensin-induced interleukin-8 expression. HDACi suppresses endogenous NTR1 expression and function in colorectal cancer cell lines; this effect is mediated, at least in part, through the GSK-3beta/ERK pathway. The downregulation of NTR1 in colorectal cancers may represent an important mechanism for the anticancer effects of HDACi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
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21
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Rosato RR, Kolla SS, Hock SK, Almenara JA, Patel A, Amin S, Atadja P, Fisher PB, Dent P, Grant S. Histone deacetylase inhibitors activate NF-kappaB in human leukemia cells through an ATM/NEMO-related pathway. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:10064-10077. [PMID: 20065354 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.095208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms underlying histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI)-mediated NF-kappaB activation were investigated in human leukemia cells. Exposure of U937 and other leukemia cells to LBH-589 induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) followed by single strand (XRCC1) and double strand (gamma-H2AX) DNA breaks. Notably, LBH-589 lethality was markedly attenuated by small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown of the DNA damage-linked histone, H1.2. LBH-589 triggered p65/RelA activation, NF-kappaB-dependent induction of Mn-SOD2, and ROS elimination. Interference with LBH-589-mediated NF-kappaB activation (e.g. in I kappaB alpha super-repressor transfected cells) diminished HDACI-mediated Mn-SOD2 induction and increased ROS accumulation, DNA damage, and apoptosis. The Mn-SOD2 mimetic TBAP (manganese(III)-tetrakis 4-benzoic acid porphyrin) prevented HDACI-induced ROS and NF-kappaB activation while dramatically attenuating DNA damage and cell death. In contrast, TRAF2 siRNA knockdown, targeting receptor-mediated NF-kappaB activation, blocked TNFalpha- but not HDACI-mediated NF-kappaB activation and lethality. Consistent with ROS-mediated DNA damage, LBH-589 exposure activated ATM (on serine 1981) and increased its association with NEMO. Significantly, siRNA NEMO or ATM knockdown blocked HDACI-mediated NF-kappaB activation, resulting in diminished MnSOD2 induction and enhanced oxidative DNA damage and cell death. In accord with the recently described DNA damage/ATM/NEMO pathway, SUMOylation site mutant NEMO (K277A or K309A) cells exposed to LBH-589 displayed diminished ATM/NEMO association, NEMO and p65/RelA nuclear localization/activation, and MnSOD2 up-regulation. These events were accompanied by increased ROS production, gamma-H2AX formation, and cell death. Together, these findings indicate that in human leukemia cells, HDACIs activate the cytoprotective NF-kappaB pathway through an ATM/NEMO/SUMOylation-dependent process involving the induction of ROS and DNA damage and suggest that blocking NF-kappaB activation via the atypical ATM/NEMO nuclear pathway can enhance HDACI antileukemic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ankita Patel
- Departments of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Sanjay Amin
- Departments of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Peter Atadja
- Department of Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
| | - Paul B Fisher
- Human and Molecular Genetics, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Paul Dent
- Biochemistry, the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298
| | - Steven Grant
- Departments of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Biochemistry, the Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, Virginia 23298; Virginia Commonwealth University Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23298.
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22
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Li X, Chen BD. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor M344 Inhibits Cell Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Human THP-1 Leukemia Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 1:352-363. [PMID: 20526416 DOI: 10.5099/aj090400352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Histone acetylation plays an important role in the silencing and activation of genes involved in tumoregenesis. Trichostatin A, originally identified as an anti-fungal drug, is a potent inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) with potential anti-tumor activity. In this study, we investigated the effect of M344, an amide analogues of trichostatin A, on the growth and differentiation of THP-1 human leukemia cells. We showed that at low doses, (< 0.2 muM), M344 could inhibit the growth of THP-1 cells at G1 phase in vitro with low cytotoxic effect. Low dose of M344 exerted some differentiating effect on THP-1 cells as judged by the expression of c-fms proto-oncogene (M-CSF receptor) and appearance of adherent cells. Growth arrest induced by M344 is associated with increased levels of cyclin-dependent protein kinase inhibitor p21 and cyclin E, in agreement with G1 phase arrest. At higher doses (2 muM), M344 could induce THP-1 cells to undergo apoptosis, which was associated with the cleavage of PARP, cytochrome c release and activation of both caspases-8, -9, followed by the activation of caspase-3. In addition, M344 could increase the levels of pro-apoptotic protein Bax but decreased the levels of anti-apoptotic protein XIAP. M344 is a potent activator of NF-kappaB transcription factor. RT-PCR assay showed that the M344 could transiently increase IL-1 expression yet markedly decreased TNF-alpha expression. Our results show that M344 is a potent growth inhibitor and inducer of apoptosis in human leukemia cells and suggest potential therapeutic strategies of HDAC inhibitors for patients with leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohua Li
- Department of Internal medicine and Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 550 E. Canfield, Detroit, MI 48201
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23
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Zhang C, Wang Y, Zhou Z, Zhang J, Tian Z. Sodium butyrate upregulates expression of NKG2D ligand MICA/B in HeLa and HepG2 cell lines and increases their susceptibility to NK lysis. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1275-85. [PMID: 19139882 PMCID: PMC11030655 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-008-0645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2008] [Accepted: 12/08/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are important effectors in the immune response to tumors. A number of cell-surface inhibitory and activating receptors on NK cells tightly regulate their interaction with target cell ligands. In particular, the strength of an anti-tumor immune response appears to depend critically on surface levels of one activating receptor, NKG2D. Correspondingly, expression of NKG2D ligands on target cells is a requirement for effective tumor immunosurveillance and the elimination of pathogen-infected cells. Sodium butyrate, a potent repressor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), has recently been proposed as a potential agent in cancer treatment based on its ability to modify, in several cancer cell types, the expression of a variety of genes related to cell cycle regulation and apoptosis. Here we report that, in the HeLa and HepG2 tumor cell lines, sodium butyrate upregulated the expression of the MHC class I-related chain molecules A and B (MICA and MICB) at both the mRNA and protein levels, resulting in an enhanced susceptibility of cells in both lines to NK lysis. It also led to an elevated expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) and transcription factor Sp1, and increased the binding of transcription factors Sp1 and heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) to the MICA/B promoter, resulting in increased expression of MICA and MICB. siRNA targeting Sp1 significantly attenuate the enhancement of MICA expression by sodium butyrate. These results suggest that sodium butyrate and other HDAC inhibitors may have therapeutic potential by enhancing the immune response to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Yiping Wang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Zhixia Zhou
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Institute of Immunopharmacology and Immunotherapy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 Wenhua West Road, Jinan, 250012 China
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24
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Kwack SJ, Kim KB, Lee BM. Toxicological evaluation of an apicidin derivative, histone deacetylase inhibitor SD-2007 in mice. Arch Pharm Res 2009; 32:789-97. [PMID: 19471895 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-009-1519-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 05/04/2009] [Accepted: 05/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
SD-2007 is a new derivative of apicidin, an anti-parasitic agent and a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. A subacute toxicological evaluation of SD-2007 was investigated for 2 weeks in ICR mice. After oral administration of SD-2007 (0, 0.2, 1, 5 or 25 mg/mouse), the clinical signs, mortalities, body weight changes, blood biochemical parameters, absolute and relative organ weights were examined. One day after the administration of SD-2007, excretion of soft feces in 1 and 5 mg/head groups, and one male in 25 mg/mouse group developed diarrhea, but theses complications were disappeared two days after administration. No mortalities were observed in animals up to 25 mg/mouse (LD(50), >25 mg/kg), but absolute and relative weights of testes were significantly lower at the highest dose group (25 mg/mouse) and serum LDH and glucose levels were elevated in male mice. In addition, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities were reduced in female mice at all dosages. These data suggest that SD- 2007 may be sex specific and be toxic to the male reproductive organ, and thus our findings require further investigation and in particular chronic toxicological investigations should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Jun Kwack
- Department of Toxicological Research, National Institute of Toxicological Research, Korea Food and Drug Administration, Seoul, 122-704, Korea
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25
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Abstract
The concept of combining targeted agents for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a relatively new but potentially promising area of investigation. A number of targeted agents may have limited single-agent activity but could show significant promise when used in conjunction with other types of similar compounds. Combinations of targeted agents may effectively interrupt multiple pathways in either a linear or parallel fashion. There are currently numerous combination regimens under investigation at either the preclinical or clinical levels, including histone deacetylase (HDAC) and CDK inhibitors; HDAC and proteasome inhibitors; HDAC and NF-kappaB (IKKbeta) inhibitors; CHK1 and MEK1/2 inhibitors; and BCL-2 antagonists and CDK inhibitors. Although combinations of targeted agents will not displace conventional cytotoxic regimens in AML or related disorders in the foreseeable future, these combinations clearly warrant further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Grant
- Virginia Commonwealth University/Massey Cancer Center, 401 College Street, PO Box 980035, Richmond, VA 23298-0035, USA.
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26
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Lawless MW, Norris S, O'Byrne KJ, Gray SG. Targeting histone deacetylases for the treatment of disease. J Cell Mol Med 2008; 13:826-52. [PMID: 19175682 PMCID: PMC3823402 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2008.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ‘histone code’ is a well-established hypothesis describing the idea that specific patterns of post-translational modifications to histones act like a molecular ‘code’ recognized and used by non-histone proteins to regulate specific chromatin functions. One modification, which has received significant attention, is that of histone acetylation. The enzymes that regulate this modification are described as lysine acetyltransferases or KATs, and histone deacetylases or HDACs. Due to their conserved catalytic domain HDACs have been actively targeted as a therapeutic target. The pro-inflammatory environment is increasingly being recognized as a critical element for both degenerative diseases and cancer. The present review will discuss the current knowledge surrounding the clinical potential and current development of histone deacetylases for the treatment of diseases for which a pro-inflammatory environment plays important roles, and the molecular mechanisms by which such inhibitors may play important functions in modulating the pro-inflammatory environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M W Lawless
- Centre for Liver Disease, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital - University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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27
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Lee YS, Lim KH, Guo X, Kawaguchi Y, Gao Y, Barrientos T, Ordentlich P, Wang XF, Counter CM, Yao TP. The cytoplasmic deacetylase HDAC6 is required for efficient oncogenic tumorigenesis. Cancer Res 2008; 68:7561-9. [PMID: 18794144 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACI) are promising antitumor agents. Although transcriptional deregulation is thought to be the main mechanism underlying their therapeutic effects, the exact mechanism and targets by which HDACIs achieve their antitumor effects remain poorly understood. It is not known whether any of the HDAC members support robust tumor growth. In this report, we show that HDAC6, a cytoplasmic-localized and cytoskeleton-associated deacetylase, is required for efficient oncogenic transformation and tumor formation. We found that HDAC6 expression is induced upon oncogenic Ras transformation. Fibroblasts deficient in HDAC6 are more resistant to both oncogenic Ras and ErbB2-dependent transformation, indicating a critical role for HDAC6 in oncogene-induced transformation. Supporting this hypothesis, inactivation of HDAC6 in several cancer cell lines reduces anchorage-independent growth and the ability to form tumors in mice. The loss of anchorage-independent growth is associated with increased anoikis and defects in AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation upon loss of adhesion. Lastly, HDAC6-null mice are more resistant to chemical carcinogen-induced skin tumors. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that a specific HDAC member is required for efficient oncogenic transformation and indicate that HDAC6 is an important component underlying the antitumor effects of HDACIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shan Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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28
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Kim YK, Kim NH, Hwang JW, Song YJ, Park YS, Seo DW, Lee HY, Choi WS, Han JW, Kim SN. Histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin-mediated drug resistance: Involvement of P-glycoprotein. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 368:959-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Park C, Jin CY, Choi BT, Lee WH, Choi YH. Induction of Apoptosis by HDAC Inhibitor Trichostatin A through Activation of Caspases and NF-κB in Human Prostate Epithelial Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5352/jls.2008.18.3.336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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30
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You JS, Kang JK, Lee EK, Lee JC, Lee SH, Jeon YJ, Koh DH, Ahn SH, Seo DW, Lee HY, Cho EJ, Han JW. Histone deacetylase inhibitor apicidin downregulates DNA methyltransferase 1 expression and induces repressive histone modifications via recruitment of corepressor complex to promoter region in human cervix cancer cells. Oncogene 2007; 27:1376-86. [PMID: 17828306 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT)1 expression is associated with cellular transformation, and inhibition of DNMT1 exerts antitumorigenic effects. Here, we report that DNMT1 abnormally expressed in HeLa cells is downregulated by a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor apicidin, which is correlated with induction of repressive histone modifications on the promoter site. Apicidin selectively represses the expression of DNMT1 among DNMTs in HeLa cells, independent of cell cycle arrest at G0/G1. Furthermore, apicidin causes a significant reduction in the recruitment of RNA polymerase II into the promoter. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis shows that even though apicidin causes global hyperacetylation of histone H3 and H4, localized deacetylation of histone H3 and H4 occurs at the E2F binding site, which is accompanied by the recruitment of pRB and the replacement of P/CAF with HDAC1 into the sites. In addition, K4-trimethylated H3 on nucleosomes associated with the transcriptional start site is depleted following apicidin treatment, whereas repressive markers, K9- and K27-trimethylation of H3 are enriched on the site. The downregulation of DNMT1 expression seems to require de novo protein synthesis, because the apicidin effect is antagonized by cycloheximide treatment. Moreover, knock down of DNMT1 with siRNA induces the apoptosis of HeLa cells, indicating that downregulation of DNMT1 might be a good strategy for therapeutics of human cervix cancer. Collectively, our findings will provide a mechanistic rationale for the use of HDAC inhibitors in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S You
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Tse AKW, Wan CK, Shen XL, Zhu GY, Cheung HY, Yang M, Fong WF. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3 induces biphasic NF-κB responses during HL-60 leukemia cells differentiation through protein induction and PI3K/Akt-dependent phosphorylation/degradation of IκB. Exp Cell Res 2007; 313:1722-34. [PMID: 17397830 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 02/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/27/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VD(3)) induces differentiation in a number of leukemia cell lines and under various conditions is able to either stimulate or inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity. Here we report a time-dependent biphasic regulation of NF-kappaB in VD(3)-treated HL-60 leukemia cells. After VD(3) treatment there was an early approximately 4 h suppression and a late 8-72 h prolonged reactivation of NF-kappaB. The reactivation of NF-kappaB was concomitant with increased IKK activities, IKK-mediated IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, p65 phosphorylation at residues S276 and S536, p65 nuclear translocation and p65 recruitment to the NF-kappaB/vitamin D responsive element promoters. In parallel with NF-kappaB stimulation, there was an up-regulation of NF-kappaB controlled inflammatory and anti-apoptotic genes such as TNFalpha, IL-1beta and Bcl-xL. VD(3)-triggered reactivation of NF-kappaB was associated with PI3K/Akt phosphorylation. PI3K/Akt antagonists suppressed VD(3)-stimulated IkappaBalpha phosphorylation as well as NF-kappaB-controlled gene expression. The early approximately 4 h VD(3)-mediated NF-kappaB suppression coincided with a prolonged increase of IkappaBalpha protein which require de novo protein synthesis, lasted for as least 72 h and was insensitive to MAPK, IKK or PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Our data suggest a novel biphasic regulation of NF-kappaB in VD(3)-treated leukemia cells and our results may have provided the first molecular explanation for the contradictory observations reported on VD(3)-mediated immune-regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anfernee Kai-Wing Tse
- Research & Development Division, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Kim YK, Seo DW, Kang DW, Lee HY, Han JW, Kim SN. Involvement of HDAC1 and the PI3K/PKC signaling pathways in NF-κB activation by the HDAC inhibitor apicidin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2006; 347:1088-93. [PMID: 16870149 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.06.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are appreciated as one of promising anticancer drugs, but they exert differential responses depending on the cell type. We recently reported the critical role of NF-kappaB as a modulator in determining cell fate for apoptosis in response to an HDAC inhibitor. In this study, we investigate a possible signaling pathway required for NF-kappaB activation in response to the HDAC inhibitor apicidin. Treatment of HeLa cells with apicidin leads to an increase in transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB and the expression of its target genes, IL-8 and TNF-alpha. TNF-alpha expression by apicidin is induced at earlier time points than NF-kappaB activation or IL-8 expression. In addition, our data show that the early expression of TNF-alpha does not lead to activation of NF-kappaB, because disruption of TNF-alpha activity by a neutralizing antibody does not affect nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha degradation or reporter gene activation by apicidin. However, this activation of NF-kappaB requires the PI3K and PKC signaling pathways, but not ERK or JNK. Furthermore, apicidin activation of NF-kappaB seems to result from HDAC1 inhibition, as evidenced by the observation that overexpression of HDAC1, but not HDAC2, 3 or 4, dramatically inhibits NF-kappaB reporter gene activity. Collectively, our results suggest that activation of NF-kappaB signaling by apicidin requires both the PI3K/PKC signaling pathways and HDAC1, and functions as a critical modulator in determining the cellular effect of apicidin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Kee Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Kwandong University College of Medicine, Gangneung 210-701, Republic of Korea.
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