1
|
Pagliai G, Colombini B, Bellando Randone S, Amedei A, Guiducci S, Sofi F. Nutrients, foods and dietary patterns in the management of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. CLINICAL NUTRITION OPEN SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutos.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
|
2
|
The Protective Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids against Dry Eye Disease: A Literature Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dry eye disease (DED) is a common disease, and have an adverse effect the physical, functional, and psychological quality of life. It is a multifactorial disorder characterized by the loss of tear film homeostasis, in which self-perpetuating vicious cycle leads to deterioration of function and inflammation of the lacrimal functional unit. Hence, treatment strategies should be aimed at the interruption of the vicious inflammatory cycle and alleviation of ocular surface inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapies have been shown to improve the signs and symptoms of the disease. Evidence indicates that polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may contribute to reinforcement of innate anti-inflammatory mechanisms, and systemic and topical administration of PUFAs may help modulate ocular surface inflammation. In the present review, the authors will introduce the results of clinical and experimental studies to elucidate the mechanism, efficacy, and safety of systemic and topical supplementation with PUFAs as an alternative therapeutic strategy for DED. This review will also include discussion regarding current perspectives, including evidence-based recommendations and possible side effects of PUFAs supplementation. The review of the literature suggests that PUFAs supplementation can be a viable option for the treatment of DED, although further studies are needed for establishment of treatment guidelines.
Collapse
|
3
|
Dietary Intake, Body Composition, and Oral Health Parameters among Female Patients with Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10070866. [PMID: 29973575 PMCID: PMC6073564 DOI: 10.3390/nu10070866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
There is limited knowledge about dietary intake and body composition among patients with primary Sjögren’s syndrome. We assessed dietary intakes with 24-h recalls and body composition with anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance in 20 female patients. Various scoring tools were used to assess oral health. The patients had a lower energy percentage (E%) from carbohydrates (p = 0.02) and a higher E% from fat (p = 0.01) compared to a reference group. The lower intake of carbohydrates was due to a lower bread intake (p = 0.04), while the higher intake of fat was due to a higher intake of butter, margarine, and oil (p = 0.01). The patients ate more than twice (p = 0.02) as much fish as the reference group. The compliance to recommended intakes of macro- and micronutrients was good. Forty-percent of the patients were overweight/obese. Increased intake of beverages was observed in patients with severe xerostomia and/or low oral health-related quality of life, whereas reduced fat intake was found in hyposmic patients. In conclusion, the dietary intake among the patients was not much different from the reference group and complied with recommendations. Most oral health parameters were not associated with nutrient intakes. Specific dietary guidelines are probably not needed to ensure adequate nutrition among such patients.
Collapse
|
4
|
Barabino S, Horwath-Winter J, Messmer EM, Rolando M, Aragona P, Kinoshita S. The role of systemic and topical fatty acids for dry eye treatment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2017; 61:23-34. [PMID: 28532687 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Dry eye is a prevalent condition and one of the main reasons for patients to seek ophthalmic medical care. A low systemic level of omega fatty acids is a risk factor for dry eye disease (DED). There are two groups of essential fatty acids (EFAs): the omega-6 (n-6) family and the omega-3 (n-3) family. Humans evolved on a diet in which the n-6:n-3 ratio was approximately 1:1, however the current Western diet tends to be deficient in n-3 EFAs and this ratio is typically much higher (approaching 17:1). The metabolism of EFAs generates four new families of local acting mediators: lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, and maresins. These molecules have anti-inflammatory and pro-resolution properties. We present a critical overview of animal model studies and human clinical trials that have shown that dietary modification and oral supplementation could be complementary therapeutic strategies for the treatment of dry eye. Furthermore, we discuss preliminary results of the topical application of n-3 and n-6 EFAs because these molecules may act as natural anti-inflammatory agents with positive changes of the entire ocular surface system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Barabino
- Clinica Oculistica, Di.N.O.G.M.I., University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 5, 16135 Genoa, Italy.
| | - Jutta Horwath-Winter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University, Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 4, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - Elisabeth M Messmer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Mathildenstr 8, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Maurizio Rolando
- Ocular Surface & Dry Eye Center, ISPRE Oftalmica, Piazza della Vittoria 15, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Ophthalmology, University of Messina, via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- Department of Frontier Medical Science and Technology for Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Hirokoji, Kawaramachi, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Georgakopoulos CD, Makri OE, Pagoulatos D, Vasilakis P, Peristeropoulou P, Kouli V, Eliopoulou MI, Psachoulia C. Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids Dietary Supplementation on Ocular Surface and Tear Film in Diabetic Patients with Dry Eye. J Am Coll Nutr 2016; 36:38-43. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2016.1170643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Olga E. Makri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE
| | - Dionisios Pagoulatos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE
| | - Panagiotis Vasilakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE
| | | | - Vasiliki Kouli
- Department of Cytology, St Andrews Hospital, Patras, GREECE
| | | | - Caterina Psachoulia
- Department of Cytology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, GREECE
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen JY, Wang LK, Feng PH, Chu CC, Cheng TJ, Weng SF, Wu SZ, Lu TH, Chang CY. Risk of Shingles in Adults with Primary Sjogren's Syndrome and Treatments: A Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134930. [PMID: 26305359 PMCID: PMC4549303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is associated with immunological dysfunctions—a well-known risk factor of shingles. This study aimed to examine the incidence and risk of shingles in adults with pSS and pharmacological treatments. Methods This retrospective population-based cohort study was conducted using National Health Insurance claims data. Using propensity scores, 4,287 pSS adult patients and 25,722-matched cohorts by age, gender, selected comorbidities and Charlson comorbidity index scores were identified. Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression were conducted to compare the differences in developing shingles. In pSS, oral and eye dryness are treated with substitute agents. Extraglandular features are often treated with pharmacological drugs including steroids and immunosuppressants. pSS patients were grouped as follows: no pharmacological drugs, steroids alone; immunosuppressants alone; combined therapies. Results During the follow-up, 463 adults with pSS (10.80%) and 1,345 control cohorts (5.23%) developed shingles. The cumulative incidence of shingles in pSS patients (18.74/1,000 patient-years) was significantly higher than controls (8.55/1,000 patient-years). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of shingles was 1.69 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50–1.90). In age-subgroup analyses, incidences of shingles in pSS increased with age and peaked in pSS patients aged ≧60; however, adjusted HRs decreased with age. Compared to control cohorts with no drugs, adjusted HRs for shingles in pSS patients were ranked from high to low as: combined therapies (4.14; 95% CI 3.14–5.45) > immunosuppressants alone (3.24; 95% CI 2.36–4.45) > steroids alone (2.54; 95% CI 2.16–2.97) > no pharmacological drugs (2.06; 95% CI 1.76–2.41). Rates of shingles-associated hospitalization and postherpetic neuralgia were 5.62% and 24.41%, both of which were significantly higher than those (2.60%; 13.01%) in the control cohorts. Conclusions Adults with pSS were at greater risk for shingles than control cohorts. Drug exposures significantly increased the risk of shingles in pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Yin Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of the Senior Citizen Service Management, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Li-Kai Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Hsun Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chen Chu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tain-Junn Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Feng Weng
- Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su-Zhen Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsueh Lu
- Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Food Science and Applied Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The center for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
WU XIAODAN, REN CHANGHONG, ZHOU HONGWEI, ZHANG LIN, JUAN CHENG, YANG YONG. Therapeutic effect of Zeng Ye decoction on primary Sjögren’s syndrome via upregulation of aquaporin-1 and aquaporin-5 expression levels. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:429-34. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
8
|
|
9
|
Bhargava R, Kumar P, Kumar M, Mehra N, Mishra A. A randomized controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome. Int J Ophthalmol 2013; 6:811-6. [PMID: 24392330 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2013.06.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of dietary supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids in dry eye syndrome. METHODS A prospective, interventional, placebo controlled, double blind randomized trial was done at two referral eye centers. Two hundred and sixty-four eyes of patients with dry eye were randomized to receive one capsule (500mg) two times a day containing 325mg EPA and 175mg DHA for 3 months (omega-3 group). The omega-3 group was compared to a group of patients (n=254) who received a placebo (placebo group). There were 4 patient visits (at baseline, 1 month, 2 months and 3 months). On each visit, recording of corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), slit lamp examination and questionnaire based symptom evaluation and scoring was done. A symptomatic score of 0-6 was mild, 6.1-12 moderate and 12.1-18 severe dry eye. Response to intervention was monitored by routine tear function tests like Schirmer I test, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Rose Bengal staining and most notably, conjunctival impression cytology. RESULTS Sixty-five percent of patients in the omega-3 group and 33% of patients in placebo group had significant improvement in symptoms at 3 months (P=0.005). There was a significant change in both Schirmer's test value and TBUT values in the omega-3 group (P<0.001), both comparisons. However, there was a larger drift in TBUT values in omega-3 than the placebo group, in comparison to Schirmer's test values. The mean TBUT score was 2.54±2.34 in the omega-3 group and 0.13±0.16 in placebo group, respectively. The mean reduction in symptom score in omega-3 group was 2.02±0.96 as compared to 0.48±0.22 in placebo group (P<0.001). Despite a slight increase mean score, the Schirmer scores did not correlate well with symptomatic improvement. CONCLUSION Omega-3 fatty acids have a definite role for dry eye syndrome. The benefit seems to be more marked in conditions such as blepharitis and meibomian gland disease. The role of omega fatty acids in tear production and secretion needs further evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Bhargava
- Department of Ophthalmology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad 201301, India
| | - Prachi Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Santosh medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad 201301, India
| | - Manjushrii Kumar
- Department of Microbiology, Narayan Medical College and Hospital, Sasaram 823001, India
| | - Namrata Mehra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad 201301, India
| | - Anurag Mishra
- Department of Ophthalmology, Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad 201301, India
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Epstein LC, Masse G, Harmatz JS, Scott TM, Papas AS, Greenblatt DJ. Characterization of cognitive dysfunction in Sjögren's syndrome patients. Clin Rheumatol 2013; 33:511-21. [PMID: 24337727 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-013-2453-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder primarily affecting women, with decreased saliva and tear production as the principal characteristic. Cognitive, neurological, and psychiatric disorders also are associated with Sjögren's. The present study addressed the hypothesis that patients with Sjögren's syndrome differ significantly from matched controls in the prevalence and impact of a number of neuropsychiatric abnormalities. Sjögren's patients and controls (n = 37 per group) underwent medical and psychiatric evaluation, demographic assessments, quality of life and symptom evaluation, and extensive testing of cognitive function and memory. Patients and controls were closely matched for age, gender distribution, verbal IQ, marital status, educational level, employment status, and current/past medical or psychiatric history. On most subjective self-ratings, Sjögren's patients reported greater fatigue, impaired physical functioning, feeling depressed, and autonomic symptomatology compared to controls. Impaired memory was described mainly as loss of thought continuity in the midst of a task or activity. However, the majority of objective measures of cognition, psychomotor function, and memory showed minimal differences between groups. Sjögren's patients rate themselves as impaired on multiple ratings of emotional, cognitive, and physical function, but objective measures of cognition reveal fewer substantive differences between patients and matched controls. Sjögren's patients perceive deteriorated physical function over time, but they achieve a level of functioning comparable to controls despite the burden of their illness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lynn C Epstein
- Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jalbert I. Diet, nutraceuticals and the tear film. Exp Eye Res 2013; 117:138-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
12
|
Crupi R, Cambiaghi M, Deckelbaum R, Hansen I, Mindes J, Spina E, Battaglia F. n-3 fatty acids prevent impairment of neurogenesis and synaptic plasticity in B-cell activating factor (BAFF) transgenic mice. Prev Med 2012; 54 Suppl:S103-8. [PMID: 22227286 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2011.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoimmune-prone B-cell activating factor transgenic mice, a mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome exhibit neuroinflammation, anxiety-like phenotype, deficit in adult hippocampal neurogenesis and impaired neurogenesis-dependent and neurogenesis-independent dentate gyrus long-term potentiation. Given that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids regulate hippocampal plasticity and inflammatory responses, we investigated whether n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched diet might prevent age-dependent hippocampal changes in B-cell activating factor transgenic mice. METHODS B-cell activating factor transgenic mice were fed for 12 weeks with either n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched or control diet and we tested the effect of this dietary supplementation on hippocampal inflammation, progenitor cell proliferation and neurogenesis-dependent and neurogenesis-independent long-term potentiation. RESULTS Dietary supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids significantly decreased hippocampal microglial activation and increased the density of bromodeoxyuridine and doublecortin-positive newly-formed cells in the subventricular zone of hippocampus. Furthermore, B-cell activating factor transgenic mice fed with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids-enriched diet displayed normal long-term potentiation at the medial perforant pathway/dentate gyrus connections. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that n-3 fatty acids prevent neuroinflammation and deficits of hippocampal plasticity in B-cell activating factor transgenic mice and suggest that increased n-3 fatty acids intake might represent a potential therapeutic option to prevent neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosalia Crupi
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, CUNY Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Quandt SA, Savoca MR, Leng X, Chen H, Bell RA, Gilbert GH, Anderson AM, Kohrman T, Arcury TA. Dry mouth and dietary quality in older adults in north Carolina. J Am Geriatr Soc 2011; 59:439-45. [PMID: 21391935 DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03309.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify prevalence of dry mouth, association between dry mouth and beverage intake and dietary quality, and association between dry mouth and self-reported dietary accommodations to oral health deficits. DESIGN Cross-sectional study; data from self-reports. SETTING Rural North Carolina counties with substantial African-American and American Indian populations. PARTICIPANTS Six hundred twenty-two participants aged 60 and older. MEASUREMENTS Data included the 11-item Xerostomia Inventory (higher scores connote greater effect from dry mouth), a food frequency questionnaire (converted into Health Eating Index-2005 scores), and survey items on foods modified before consumption or avoided because of oral health problems. RESULTS Dry mouth was associated with being female, lower education, and income below the poverty level. Although overall beverage consumption did not vary with dry mouth, consumption of certain sugar-sweetened beverages was positively associated with dry mouth. Overall dietary quality did not differ with dry mouth, but more-severe dry mouth was associated with lower intake of whole grains and higher intakes of fruits. Dry mouth was strongly associated with self-reported modification and avoidance of foods. Those in the highest tertile of dry mouth were more likely to modify several foods than those in the lowest tertile and were more likely to avoid three or more foods. CONCLUSION Older adults appear to modify foods or selectively avoid foods in response to perceived dry mouth. Despite these behaviors, dry mouth does not result in poorer dietary quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Quandt
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, School of Medicine, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Knop E, Knop N, Millar T, Obata H, Sullivan DA. The international workshop on meibomian gland dysfunction: report of the subcommittee on anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the meibomian gland. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2011; 52:1938-78. [PMID: 21450915 PMCID: PMC3072159 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-6997c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erich Knop
- Ocular Surface Center Berlin, Department for Cell and Neurobiology, Center for Anatomy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pilot, Prospective, Randomized, Double-masked, Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial of an Omega-3 Supplement for Dry Eye. Cornea 2011; 30:308-14. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0b013e3181f22e03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
16
|
Viau S, Pasquis B, Maire MA, Fourgeux C, Grégoire S, Acar N, Bretillon L, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Joffre C. No consequences of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid deficiency on the severity of scopolamine-induced dry eye. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010; 249:547-57. [PMID: 21161262 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-010-1576-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Epidemiological studies suggest that dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against dry eye. This study aimed to evaluate whether a dietary deficiency in n-3 PUFAs may increase the severity of the pathology in a scopolamine-induced model of dry eye in the rat. METHODS Lewis rats of three consecutive generations were bred under a balanced diet or a diet deprived of n-3 PUFAs. Dry eye was experimentally induced by continuous scopolamine delivery in female animals from the third generation of both groups. After 10 days of treatment, the clinical signs of ocular dryness were evaluated in vivo using fluorescein staining. MHC II and the rat mucin rMuc5AC were immunostained on ocular sphere cryosections. The transcript levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ were quantified in the exorbital lacrimal glands (LG) and in the conjunctiva using reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction. Lipids were extracted from the exorbital LG for fatty acid analysis of the phospholipids using gas chromatography. RESULTS When compared to control animals, the scopolamine treatment induced an increase in the cornea fluorescein staining score (from 0.5 ± 0.0 to 2.5 ± 1.0 arbitrary units (AU) for the balanced diet and from 1.2 ± 0.8 to 2.6 ± 0.5 AU for the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet); a decrease in rMuc5AC immunostaining in the conjunctival epithelium (-34% for the balanced diet and -23% for the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet); an increase in the LG transcript levels of TNF-α for the balanced diet and of TNF-α and IFN-γ for the deficient diet; an increase in the conjunctival transcript levels of IL-1β and IL-6 for the deficient diet; an increase in arachidonic acid (AA) and in the ∆5-desaturase index (ratio of AA to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid) in the exorbital LG for both diets. When compared to the balanced diet, the n-3 PUFA-deficient diet induced an increase in the LG transcript levels of IL-6 for the control animals and of TNF-α for the control and dry eye animals as well as an increase in the conjunctival transcript levels of IL-6 for the dry eye animals. There was no significant diet difference in fluorescein staining, rMuc5AC, and MHC II immunostaining scores. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that an n-3 PUFA deficiency does not increase the severity of dry eye in a rat model of dry eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Viau
- Eye and Nutrition Research Group, UMR CSGA INRA - CNRS, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arturo Kantor P. Actualización clínica en OJO seco para el médico no oftalmólogo. REVISTA MÉDICA CLÍNICA LAS CONDES 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0716-8640(10)70613-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
18
|
Viau S, Maire MA, Pasquis B, Grégoire S, Acar N, Bron AM, Bretillon L, Creuzot-Garcher CP, Joffre C. Efficacy of a 2-month dietary supplementation with polyunsaturated fatty acids in dry eye induced by scopolamine in a rat model. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2009; 247:1039-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00417-009-1080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2008] [Revised: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 04/06/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
|
19
|
The Definition and Classification of Dry Eye Disease: Report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye Workshop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007; 5:75-92. [PMID: 17508116 DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2081] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the DEWS Definition and Classification Subcommittee was to provide a contemporary definition of dry eye disease, supported within a comprehensive classification framework. A new definition of dry eye was developed to reflect current understanding of the disease, and the committee recommended a three-part classification system. The first part is etiopathogenic and illustrates the multiple causes of dry eye. The second is mechanistic and shows how each cause of dry eye may act through a common pathway. It is stressed that any form of dry eye can interact with and exacerbate other forms of dry eye, as part of a vicious circle. Finally, a scheme is presented, based on the severity of the dry eye disease, which is expected to provide a rational basis for therapy. These guidelines are not intended to override the clinical assessment and judgment of an expert clinician in individual cases, but they should prove helpful in the conduct of clinical practice and research.
Collapse
|
20
|
The Epidemiology of Dry Eye Disease: Report of the Epidemiology Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007; 5:93-107. [PMID: 17508117 DOI: 10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70082-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 814] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The report of the Epidemiology Subcommittee of the 2007 Dry Eye WorkShop summarizes current knowledge on the epidemiology of dry eye disease, providing prevalence and incidence data from various populations. It stresses the need to expand epidemiological studies to additional geographic regions, to incorporate multiple races and ethnicities in future studies, and to build a consensus on dry eye diagnostic criteria for epidemiological studies. Recommendations are made regarding several characteristics of dry eye questionnaires that might be suitable for use in epidemiological studies and randomized controlled clinical trials. Risk factors for dry eye and morbidity of the disease are identified, and the impact of dry eye disease on quality of life and visual function are outlined. Suggestions are made for further prospective research that would lead to improvement of both eye and general public health.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Nocturnal lagophthalmos is the inability to close the eyelids during sleep. Lagophthalmos is associated with exposure keratopathy, poor sleep, and persistent exposure-related symptoms. There are a variety of causes of lagophthalmos, grouped as proptosis/eye exposure etiologies and palpebral insufficiency etiologies. Although obvious lagophthalmos is usually detected, it is sometimes difficult to recognize obscure lagophthalmos, due either to eyelash obstruction or overhang of the upper lid anterior and inferior to the most superior portion of the lower lid in a closed position. We present a novel classification system and illustrations of obvious and obscure lagophthalmos. A diagnosis can usually be made with a focused history and slit lamp examination. Treatment is multipronged and may include minor procedures or ocular surgery to correct the lid malposition; natural, topical or oral agents; and punctal plugs to manage ocular surface effects. Correct and timely diagnosis allows greater opportunity for relief of patient suffering and prevention of severe ocular surface pathology, as well as educated planning for future ocular surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Latkany
- New York Eye & Ear Infirmary, New York Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey P Gilbard
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, and Advanced Vision Research, 12 Alfred Street, Suite 200, Woburn, MA 01801, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Miljanović B, Trivedi KA, Dana MR, Gilbard JP, Buring JE, Schaumberg DA. Relation between dietary n-3 and n-6 fatty acids and clinically diagnosed dry eye syndrome in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82:887-93. [PMID: 16210721 PMCID: PMC1360504 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/82.4.887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a prevalent condition, but information on risk or protective factors is lacking. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine the association between the dietary intake and ratio of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids (FAs) and DES occurrence. DESIGN Of the 39876 female health professionals in the Women's Health Study (WHS), 32470 women aged 45-84 y who provided information on diet and DES were cross-sectionally studied. We assessed FA intakes by using a validated food-frequency questionnaire and assessed DES by using self-reports of clinically diagnosed cases. Of the sample, 1546 (4.7%) subjects reported DES. We used logistic regression models to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs to describe the relation of FA intake with DES. RESULTS After adjustment for demographic factors, hormone therapy, and total fat intake, the OR for the highest versus the lowest quintile of n-3 FAs was 0.83 (95% CI: 0.70, 0.98; P for trend = 0.05). A higher ratio of n-6 to n-3 FA consumption was associated with a significantly increased risk of DES (OR: 2.51; 95% CI: 1.13, 5.58) for >15:1 versus <4:1 (P for trend = 0.01). In addition, tuna consumption [1 serving was 113 g (4 oz)] was inversely associated with DES (OR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.66, 0.99 for 2-4 servings/wk; OR: 0.32; 95% CI: 0.13, 0.79 for 5-6 servings/wk versus < or =1 serving/wk; P for trend = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that a higher dietary intake of n-3 FAs is associated with a decreased incidence of DES in women. These findings are consistent with anecdotal clinical observations and postulated biological mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Miljanović
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gomez FE, Cassís-Nosthas L, Morales-de-León JC, Bourges H. Detection and recognition thresholds to the 4 basic tastes in Mexican patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004; 58:629-36. [PMID: 15042131 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory lymphocytic infiltration of the salivary glands, leading to dryness of the mouth (xerostomia). It has been postulated that xerostomia is the preceding stage for the development of alterations in taste acuity (dysgeusia) in this type of patients. OBJECTIVES To determine detection and recognition thresholds to the 4 basic tastes (sweet, salty, sour and bitter) in pSS patients and compare them to a control group. To determine if the long-term consumption of chile peppers and spicy Mexican diets had an effect on the taste perception and acuity of the pSS patients. SETTING This study was done in the Department of Food Science and Technology of the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán (INCMNSZ), a third-level hospital in Mexico City. SUBJECTS The patient group consisted of 21 Mexican females (mean +/- s.d., age: 53.1 +/- 9.8 y) diagnosed with pSS (time of duration of the disease, 8.6 +/- 6.6 y, median 7 y, range 1-25 y) who were recruited at the outpatient service of the Department of Immunology and Rheumatology of the INCMNSZ. The control group consisted of 20 healthy nonsmokers age-matched Mexican women (50.3 +/- 11.9 y) most of them personnel of the INCMNSZ, and some friends and nonblood relatives to the patients (sisters-in-law) who volunteered to participate in the study. INTERVENTIONS Detection and recognition thresholds were determined by the method of least noticeable differences on three occasions during three nonconsecutive days. Saliva production was determined by Saxon's test on two separate occasions. RESULTS Although saliva production was severely reduced in pSS patients (1.35 +/- 0.55 ml/2 min, P<0.001) compared to controls (6.26 +/- 2.41 ml/2 min), all subjects recognized the 4 basic tastes when these were tested at suprathreshold concentrations. The detection thresholds for the sweet, sour and bitter tastes were higher in pSS patients, as well as the recognition thresholds for the salty, sour and bitter tastes. A relationship between time of evolution of the disease and saliva production with individual thresholds could not be established. CONCLUSIONS pSS patients exhibited different degrees of dysgeusia depending on the taste being studied, that is, they were mildly dysgeusic for the sweet and salty tastes and clearly dysgeusic for the sour and bitter tastes. Although both pSS patients and controls had consumed 'typical Mexican diets' their entire lives, our results showed that the consumption of chile peppers and spicy foods did not have any effect on the taste perception and acuity of the pSS patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F E Gomez
- Department of Nutritional Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, DF, Mexico.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|