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Ran X, Li X, Xie X, Lei J, Yang F, Chen D. Effects of Probiotic Enterococcus faecium from Yak on the Intestinal Microflora and Metabolomics of Mice with Salmonella Infection. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1036-1051. [PMID: 37273089 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-023-10102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella spp. are pathogenic bacteria that cause diarrhea, abortion, and death in yak and severely harm livestock breeding. Therefore, it is vital to identify a probiotic that effectively antagonizes Salmonella. To the best of our knowledge, few prior studies have investigated the efficacy of Enterococcus faecium against Salmonella. Here, we evaluated the enteroprotective mechanism of E. faecium in a mouse Salmonella infection model using hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) technology, microbial diversity sequencing, and metabonomics. Enterococcus faecium inhibited the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ and promoted the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidota (F/B) ratio and the abundances of Firmicutes and Akkermansia were significantly higher in the E. faecium than in the Salmonella group. Metabonomics and microbial diversity sequencing disclosed five different metabolites with variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 3 that were characteristic of both the Salmonella and E. faecium groups. Combined omics revealed that Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were negatively and positively correlated, respectively, with cholic acid, while Desulfovibrio was positively correlated with lipids in both the control and Salmonella groups. Desulfovibrio was also positively correlated with lipids in both the Salmonella and E. faecium groups. Enterococcus faecium antagonizes Salmonella by normalizing the abundance of the intestinal microorganisms and modulating their metabolic pathways. Hence, it may efficaciously protect the host intestine against Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Ran
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xianhui Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Xueer Xie
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jiangying Lei
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Falong Yang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest University for Nationalities), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Dechun Chen
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, 610041, China.
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization (Southwest University for Nationalities), Ministry of Education, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Luqman A, Hassan A, Ullah M, Naseem S, Ullah M, Zhang L, Din AU, Ullah K, Ahmad W, Wang G. Role of the intestinal microbiome and its therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disorder. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1321395. [PMID: 38343539 PMCID: PMC10853344 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1321395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is a heterogeneous population of microbes comprising viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Such a microbiome is essential for sustaining host equilibrium, and its impact on human health can be altered by a variety of factors such as external variables, social behavior, age, nutrition, and genetics. Gut microbes' imbalances are related to a variety of chronic diseases including cancer, obesity, and digestive disorders. Globally, recent findings show that intestinal microbes have a significant role in the formation of cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is still the primary cause of fatalities. Atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, inflammation, and some inherited variables are all cardiovascular risk variables. However, studies found correlations between metabolism, intestinal flora, and dietary intake. Variations in the diversity of gut microbes and changes in their activity are thought to influence CVD etiology. Furthermore, the gut microbiota acts as an endocrine organ, producing bioactive metabolites such as TMA (trimethylamine)/TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), SCFA (short-chain fatty acids), and bile acids, which have a substantial impact on host wellness and disease by multiple mechanisms. The purpose of this overview is to compile current evidence highlighting the intricate links between gut microbiota, metabolites, and the development of CVD. It focuses on how intestinal dysbiosis promotes CVD risk factors such as heart failure, hypertension, and atherosclerosis. This review explores the normal physiology of intestinal microbes and potential techniques for targeting gut bacteria for CVD treatment using various microbial metabolites. It also examines the significance of gut bacteria in disease treatment, including supplements, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotic therapies, and fecal transplantation, which is an innovative approach to the management of CVD. As a result, gut bacteria and metabolic pathways become increasingly attractive as potential targets for CVD intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameer Luqman
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
| | - Adil Hassan
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Nano/Micro Composite Materials and Devices, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehtab Ullah
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sahar Naseem
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mehraj Ullah
- School of Fermentation Engineering Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ahmad Ud Din
- Plants for Human Health Institute, Department of Food, Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Kamran Ullah
- Department of Biology, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Ahmad
- Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
- JinFeng Laboratories, Chongqing, China
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Chen X, Zhang H, Ren S, Ding Y, Remex NS, Bhuiyan MS, Qu J, Tang X. Gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites in cardiovascular diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:2269-2284. [PMID: 37442759 PMCID: PMC10538883 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis, aneurysm, thrombosis, and hypertension, are a great economic burden and threat to human health and are the major cause of death worldwide. Recently, researchers have begun to appreciate the role of microbial ecosystems within the human body in contributing to metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiota is closely associated with the occurrence and development of cardiovascular diseases. The gut microbiota functions as an endocrine organ that secretes bioactive metabolites that participate in the maintenance of cardiovascular homeostasis, and their dysfunction can directly influence the progression of cardiovascular disease. This review summarizes the current literature demonstrating the role of the gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular diseases. We also highlight the mechanism by which well-documented gut microbiota-derived metabolites, especially trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and phenylacetylglutamine, promote or inhibit the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of altering the gut microbiota and microbiota-derived metabolites to improve or prevent cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Sichong Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Clinical Medical College and The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, Sichuan 610500, China
| | - Yangnan Ding
- Clinical Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, China
| | - Naznin Sultana Remex
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Md. Shenuarin Bhuiyan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Jiahua Qu
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94117, USA
| | - Xiaoqiang Tang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), National Health Commission of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
- Sichuan Birth Defects Clinical Research Center, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
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Khan FF, Sohail A, Ghazanfar S, Ahmad A, Riaz A, Abbasi KS, Ibrahim MS, Uzair M, Arshad M. Recent Innovations in Non-dairy Prebiotics and Probiotics: Physiological Potential, Applications, and Characterization. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2023; 15:239-263. [PMID: 36063353 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09983-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Non-dairy sources of prebiotics and probiotics impart various physiological functions in the prevention and management of chronic metabolic disorders, therefore nutraceuticals emerged as a potential industry. Extraction of prebiotics from non-dairy sources is economical and easily implemented. Waste products during food processing, including fruit peels and fruit skins, can be utilized as a promising source of prebiotics and considered "Generally Recognized As Safe" for human consumption. Prebiotics from non-dairy sources have a significant impact on gut microbiota and reduce the population of pathogenic bacteria. Similarly, next-generation probiotics could also be isolated from non-dairy sources. These sources have considerable potential and can give novel strains of probiotics, which can be the replacement for dairy sources. Such strains isolated from non-dairy sources have good probiotic properties and can be used as therapeutic. This review will elaborate on the potential non-dairy sources of prebiotics and probiotics, their characterization, and significant physiological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fasiha Fayyaz Khan
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Asma Sohail
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics, National Institute of Genomics and Agriculture Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, 45500, Pakistan
| | - Asif Ahmad
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Aayesha Riaz
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, Department of Parasitology & Microbiology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Ibrahim
- Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences (IFNS), Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah (PMAS), Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Uzair
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
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Musazadeh V, Mohammadi Anilou M, Vajdi M, Karimi A, Sedgh Ahrabi S, Dehghan P. Effects of synbiotics supplementation on anthropometric and lipid profile parameters: Finding from an umbrella meta-analysis. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121541. [PMID: 36908920 PMCID: PMC9995782 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have been carried out to assess the impact of synbiotics on lipid profiles and anthropometric parameters. In this regard, an umbrella meta-analysis was performed to provide a more accurate view of the overall impacts of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. Methods Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched for this study from inception to January 2022. A random-effects model was applied to evaluate the effects of synbiotic supplementation on lipid profile and anthropometric parameters. The methodological quality of eligible articles was evaluated using the AMSTAR2 questionnaire. The GRADE approach was used to evaluate the overall certainty of the evidence in the meta-analyses. Results Meta-analyses of 17 studies revealed significant decreases in body mass index (BMI) (ES: -0.13 kg/m2; 95% CI: -0.19, -0.06, p < 0.001, I2 = 0.0%, p = 0.870), BW (ES: -1.30 kg; 95% CI: -2.19, -0.41, p = 0.004, I2 = 88.9%, p < 0.001), waist circumference (WC) (ES: -1.80 cm; 95% CI: -3.26, -0.34, p = 0.016, I2 = 94.1%, p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (ES: -2.81 mg/dl; 95% CI: -3.90, -1.72, p < 0.001, I2 = 95.1%, p < 0.001), total cholesterol (TC) (ES = -2.24 mg/dl; 95% CI: -3.18, -1.30, p < 0.001, I2 = 94.5%, p < 0.001), and triglyceride (TG) (ES: -0.43 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.79, -0.07, p = 0.019, I2 = 78.0%, p < 0.001) but not high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (ES: 0.23 mg/dl; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.56, p = 0.193, I2 = 45.2%, p = 0.051) following synbiotic supplementation. Discussion The present umbrella meta-analysis suggests synbiotic supplementation can slightly improve lipid profile and anthropometric indices and might be a therapeutic option for obesity and its related disorders. Systematic review registration www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero, identifier CRD42022304376.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vali Musazadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Mohammadi Anilou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Vajdi
- Student Research Committee, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Karimi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sana Sedgh Ahrabi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Parvin Dehghan
- Nutrition Research Center, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Liu M, Shi W, Huang Y, Wu Y, Wu K. Intestinal flora: A new target for traditional Chinese medicine to improve lipid metabolism disorders. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1134430. [PMID: 36937840 PMCID: PMC10014879 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1134430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipid metabolism disorders (LMD) can cause a series of metabolic diseases, including hyperlipidemia, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and atherosclerosis (AS). Its development is caused by more pathogenic factors, among which intestinal flora dysbiosis is considered to be an important pathogenic mechanism of LMD. In recent years, the research on intestinal flora has made great progress, opening up new perspectives on the occurrence and therapeutic effects of diseases. With its complex composition and wide range of targets, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used to prevent and treat LMD. This review takes intestinal flora as a target, elaborates on the scientific connotation of TCM in the treatment of LMD, updates the therapeutic thinking of LMD, and provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yefang Huang
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yeke Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Keming Wu
- Department of Gynecology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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The Ameliorative Effect and Mechanisms of Ruditapes philippinarum Bioactive Peptides on Obesity and Hyperlipidemia Induced by a High-Fat Diet in Mice. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235066. [PMID: 36501096 PMCID: PMC9737393 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, bioactive peptides (RBPs) from Ruditapes philippinarum were prepared by fermentation with Bacillus natto and the effect and mechanisms of RBPs on obesity and hyperlipidemia were explored in mice. We found that RBPs significantly reduced body weight, adipose tissue weight, accumulation of hepatic lipids, and serum levels of total cholesterol (CHO), triglyceride (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Mechanistic studies showed that RBPs up-regulated the hepatic expression of genes related to lipolysis, such as hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), and down-regulated the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors γ (PPARγ) which is related to lipid synthesis. In addition, RBPs could attenuate obesity and hyperlipidemia by regulating disordered gut microbiota composition, such as increasing the abundance of microflora related to the synthesis of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (Bacteroidetes, Prevotellaceas_UCG_001, norank_f_Muribaculaceae, and Odoribacter) and controlling those related to intestinal inflammation (reduced abundance of Deferribacteres and increased abundance of Alistipes and ASF356) to exert anti-obesity and lipid-lowering activities. Our findings laid the foundation for the development and utilization of RBPs as a functional food to ameliorate obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Liu J, Li X, Song F, Cui S, Lu W, Zhao J, Zhang H, Gu Z, Chen W. Dietary supplementation with low-dose xylooligosaccharide promotes the anti-Salmonella activity of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZS2058 in a murine model. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110858. [PMID: 34980394 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oligosaccharides have been previously reported to cause an aggravation of Salmonella infection. In this study, we reduced the dietary supplementation of oligosaccharides (1% w/w) and studied their effects on the anti-Salmonella activity of probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) ZS2058. The results showed that among all five studied oligosaccharides, only xylooligosaccharide (XOS) promoted the anti-Salmonella activity of L. plantarum ZS2058 by increasing the survival rate of the infected mice (66.7% vs. 53.3%). Further study revealed that XOS did not function synergistically with L. plantarum ZS2058, as XOS itself did not improve the survival rate of the infected mice. In an in vitro coculture system, XOS significantly promoted the antagonistic activity (92% increase) of L. plantarum ZS2058 against Salmonella. In Salmonella-infected mice, the combination of XOS and L. plantarum ZS2058 significantly increased the faecal content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and restored the production of proinflammatory cytokines. More importantly, XOS, L. plantarum ZS2058 and their combination changed the gut microbiota into distinct profiles. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) effect size (LEfSe) analysis identified five taxa as marker bacteria for mice treated with a combination of XOS and L. plantarum ZS2058. In particular, Mucispirillum, which was previously reported to protect the host from Salmonella infection, was increased. Here, we showed that low dose XOS could promote the anti-Salmonella activity of the probiotic L. plantarum ZS2058. These results offer new opportunities to cope with this predominant food-borne pathogen with great efficiency and to lay a foundation for developing functional foods with anti-Salmonella potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Xiangfei Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Fanfen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wenwei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Zhennan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China; National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, PR China.
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Song X, Dong H, Zang Z, Wu W, Zhu W, Zhang H, Guan Y. Kudzu Resistant Starch: An Effective Regulator of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4448048. [PMID: 34691353 PMCID: PMC8528595 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4448048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Kudzu is a traditional medicinal dietary supplement, and recent research has shown its significant benefits in the prevention/treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Starch is one of the main substances in Kudzu that contribute decisively to the treatment of T2DM. However, the underlying mechanism of the hypoglycemic activity is not clear. In this study, the effect of Kudzu resistant starch supplementation on the insulin resistance, gut physical barrier, and gut microbiota was investigated in T2DM mice. The result showed that Kudzu resistant starch could significantly decrease the value of fasting blood glucose and the levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein, as well as low-density lipoprotein, in the blood of T2DM mice. The insulin signaling sensitivity in liver tissue was analyzed; the result indicated that intake of different doses of Kudzu resistant starch can help restore the expression of IRS-1, p-PI3K, p-Akt, and Glut4 and thus enhance the efficiency of insulin synthesis. Furthermore, the intestinal microorganism changes before and after ingestion of Kudzu resistant starch were also analyzed; the result revealed that supplementation of KRS helps to alleviate and improve the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota caused by T2DM. These results validated that Kudzu resistant starch could improve the glucose sensitivity of T2DM mice by modulating IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/Glut4 signaling transduction. Kudzu resistant starch can be used as a promising prebiotic, and it also has beneficial effects on the gut microbiota structure of T2DM mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqi Song
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Huanhuan Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Wenting Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Weifeng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
| | - Yongmei Guan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, 330004 Nanchang, China
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Sassi S, Wan‐Mohtar WAAQI, Jamaludin NS, Ilham Z. Recent progress and advances in soy sauce production technologies: A review. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soumaya Sassi
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Biomass Energy Laboratory Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | - Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan‐Mohtar
- Functional Omics and Bioprocess Development Laboratory Institute of Biological Sciences Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
| | | | - Zul Ilham
- Biomass Energy Laboratory Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
- Bioresources and Bioprocessing Research Group Faculty of Science Universiti Malaya Kuala Lumpur Malaysia
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The Administration of Probiotics against Hypercholesterolemia: A Systematic Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11156913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hypercholesterolemia is a key factor in the progression of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD is a significant public health concern with a high death rate. Some of the main factors linked to CVD include genetics and lifestyle. Dyslipidemia has been one of the factors related to the onset of several CVD-related diseases. Several clinicopathological studies have shown a correlation between high cholesterol levels, particularly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), and CVD development. Probiotics have received a lot of attention for various beneficial effects, especially their ability to reduce blood cholesterol in humans. Probiotics were shown in several investigations to affect hypercholesterolemia by influencing cholesterol biosynthesis. The current review focuses on the human dietary interventions with probiotics and their effects on CVD risk factors and hypercholesterolemia. The outcomes are debatable and consider various parameters such as probiotic strain, dosing frequency, therapeutic response, dietary changes, and so forth. As a result, probiotics have the propensity to become dietary supplements in moderate/severe hypercholesterolemic patients, which significantly reduces the CVD risk.
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12
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Effects of probiotic supplementation on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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13
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review focuses on recent evidence examining the role gut microbiota play in coronary heart disease. It also provides a succinct overview of current and future therapies targeting the gut microbiota for coronary heart disease risk reduction. RECENT FINDINGS A consensus has been reached that differences exist in the gut microbiotas of patients with coronary heart disease. Studies have shown that the gut microbiota is associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are risk factors for coronary heart disease. The gut microbiota is involved in mediating basic metabolic processes, such as cholesterol metabolism, uric acid metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, through its metabolites, which can induce the development of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Interfering with the composition of gut microbiota, supplementing probiotics, and fecal donation are active areas of research to potentially prevent and treat coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota are causally associated with coronary heart disease. We analyzed the gut microbiota's effects on risk factors for coronary heart disease and studied the effects of gut microbiota metabolites on coronary heart disease. Gut microbiota is a potential target for preventing and treating coronary heart disease.
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Is There Such a Thing as "Anti-Nutrients"? A Narrative Review of Perceived Problematic Plant Compounds. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12102929. [PMID: 32987890 PMCID: PMC7600777 DOI: 10.3390/nu12102929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based diets are associated with reduced risk of lifestyle-induced chronic diseases. The thousands of phytochemicals they contain are implicated in cellular-based mechanisms to promote antioxidant defense and reduce inflammation. While recommendations encourage the intake of fruits and vegetables, most people fall short of their target daily intake. Despite the need to increase plant-food consumption, there have been some concerns raised about whether they are beneficial because of the various ‘anti-nutrient’ compounds they contain. Some of these anti-nutrients that have been called into question included lectins, oxalates, goitrogens, phytoestrogens, phytates, and tannins. As a result, there may be select individuals with specific health conditions who elect to decrease their plant food intake despite potential benefits. The purpose of this narrative review is to examine the science of these ‘anti-nutrients’ and weigh the evidence of whether these compounds pose an actual health threat.
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Halajzadeh J, Milajerdi A, Reiner Ž, Amirani E, Kolahdooz F, Barekat M, Mirzaei H, Mirhashemi SM, Asemi Z. Effects of resistant starch on glycemic control, serum lipoproteins and systemic inflammation in patients with metabolic syndrome and related disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3172-3184. [PMID: 31661295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1680950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the effects of resistant starch (RS) on glycemic status, serum lipoproteins and inflammatory markers in patients with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related disorders. Two independent authors systematically searched online database including EMBASE, Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from inception until 30 April 2019. Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was applied to assess the methodological quality of included trials. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Nineteen trials were included in this meta-analysis. Administration of RS resulted in significant reduction in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (14 studies) (WMD: -4.28; 95% CI: -7.01, -1.55), insulin (12 studies) (WMD: -1.95; 95% CI: -3.22, -0.68), and HbA1C (8 studies) (WMD: -0.60; 95% CI: -0.95, -0.24). When pooling data from 13 studies, a significant reduction in total cholesterol levels (WMD: -8.19; 95% CI: -15.38, -1.00) and LDL-cholesterol (WMD: -8.57; 95% CI: -13.48, -3.66) were found as well. Finally, RS administration was associated with a significant decrease in tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) (WMD: -2.02; 95% CI: -3.14, -0.90). This meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of RS on improving FPG, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and TNF-α levels in patients with MetS and related disorders, but it did not affect HOMA-IR, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, CRP and IL-6 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamal Halajzadeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Research Center for Evidence-Based Health Management, Maraghe University of Medical Science, Maraghe, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Željko Reiner
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Elaheh Amirani
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fariba Kolahdooz
- Indigenous and Global Health Research, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyyed Mehdi Mirhashemi
- Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Sarfraz F, Farooq U, Shafi A, Hayat Z, Akram K, Rehman H. Hypolipidaemic effects of synbiotic yoghurt in rabbits. INT J DAIRY TECHNOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1471-0307.12618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Farkhandah Sarfraz
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Umar Farooq
- Department of Food Science and Technology MNS‐University of Agriculture Multan Multan Pakistan
| | - Afshan Shafi
- Department of Food Science and Technology MNS‐University of Agriculture Multan Multan Pakistan
| | - Zafar Hayat
- Department of Animal Sciences, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences UVAS Jhang Pakistan
| | - Kashif Akram
- Department of Food Sciences Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Bahawalpur Pakistan
| | - Hafeez‐Ur Rehman
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
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17
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Effect of probiotics on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcle.2018.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Mo R, Zhang X, Yang Y. Effect of probiotics on lipid profiles in hypercholesterolaemic adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med Clin (Barc) 2019; 152:473-481. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medcli.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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Ruscica M, Pavanello C, Gandini S, Macchi C, Botta M, Dall'Orto D, Del Puppo M, Bertolotti M, Bosisio R, Mombelli G, Sirtori CR, Calabresi L, Magni P. Nutraceutical approach for the management of cardiovascular risk - a combination containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and red yeast rice extract: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr J 2019; 18:13. [PMID: 30795775 PMCID: PMC6387491 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-019-0438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics incorporated into dairy products have been shown to reduce total (TC) and LDL cholesterolemia (LDL-C) in subjects with moderate hypercholesterolemia. More specifically, probiotics with high biliary salt hydrolase activity, e.g. Bifidobacterium longum BB536, may decrease TC and LDL-C by lowering intestinal cholesterol reabsorption and, combined with other nutraceuticals, may be useful to manage hypercholesterolemia in subjects with low cardiovascular (CV) risk. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a nutraceutical combination containing Bifidobacterium longum BB536, red yeast rice (RYR) extract (10 mg/day monacolin K), niacin, coenzyme Q10 (Lactoflorene Colesterolo®). The end-points were changes of lipid CV risk markers (LDL-C, TC, non-HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), apolipoprotein B (ApoB), HDL-C, apolipoprotein AI (ApoAI), lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9)), and of markers of cholesterol synthesis/absorption. METHODS A 12-week randomized, parallel, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Thirty-three subjects (18-70 years) in primary CV prevention and low CV risk (SCORE: 0-1% in 24 and 2-4% in 9 subjects; LDL-C: 130-200 mg/dL) were randomly allocated to either nutraceutical (N = 16) or placebo (N = 17). RESULTS Twelve-week treatment with the nutraceutical combination, compared to placebo, significantly reduced TC (- 16.7%), LDL-C (- 25.7%), non-HDL-C (- 24%) (all p < 0.0001), apoB (- 17%, p = 0.003). TG, HDL-C, apoAI, Lp(a), PCSK9 were unchanged. Lathosterol:TC ratio was significantly reduced by the nutraceutical combination, while campesterol:TC ratio and sitosterol:TC ratio did not change, suggesting reduction of synthesis without increased absorption of cholesterol. No adverse effects and a 97% compliance were observed. CONCLUSIONS A 12-week treatment with a nutraceutical combination containing the probiotic Bifidobacterium longum BB536 and RYR extract significantly improved the atherogenic lipid profile and was well tolerated by low CV risk subjects. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02689934 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Ruscica
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Pavanello
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Gandini
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Macchi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Botta
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daria Dall'Orto
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Del Puppo
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Marco Bertolotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Metaboliche e Neuroscienze, Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Raffaella Bosisio
- Centro Dislipidemie, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuliana Mombelli
- Centro Dislipidemie, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Centro Dislipidemie, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Calabresi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Centro E. Grossi Paoletti, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Magni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133, Milan, Italy. .,IRCCS MultiMedica, Sesto S. Giovanni, Milan, Italy.
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Cao ZH, Green-Johnson JM, Buckley ND, Lin QY. Bioactivity of soy-based fermented foods: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:223-238. [PMID: 30521852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, fermented soy foods have been dietary staples in Asia and, now, in response to consumer demand, they are available throughout the world. Fermentation bestows unique flavors, boosts nutritional values and increases or adds new functional properties. In this review, we describe the functional properties and underlying action mechanisms of soy-based fermented foods such as Natto, fermented soy milk, Tempeh and soy sauce. When possible, the contribution of specific bioactive components is highlighted. While numerous studies with in vitro and animal models have hinted at the functionality of fermented soy foods, ascribing health benefits requires well-designed, often complex human studies with analysis of diet, lifestyle, family and medical history combined with long-term follow-ups for each subject. In addition, the contribution of the microbiome to the bioactivities of fermented soy foods, possibly mediated through direct action or bioactive metabolites, needs to be studied. Potential synergy or other interactions among the microorganisms carrying out the fermentation and the host's microbial community may also contribute to food functionality, but the details still require elucidation. Finally, safety evaluation of fermented soy foods has been limited, but is essential in order to provide guidelines for consumption and confirm lack of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa L1H 7K4, Canada
| | | | - Qiu-Ye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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21
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Effects of products designed to modulate the gut microbiota on hyperlipidaemia. Eur J Nutr 2018; 58:2713-2729. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-018-1821-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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22
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Yuan H, Meng Y, Bai H, Shen D, Wan B, Chen L. Meta-analysis indicates that resistant starch lowers serum total cholesterol and low-density cholesterol. Nutr Res 2018; 54:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2018.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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23
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Untargeted metabolomic profiling of urine in Wistar rats reveals enhanced bioavailability of soy isoflavones post short-term consumption of noni (Morinda citrifolia) juice. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Liu GR, Ming L, Zhu WN, Shi WL, Zhao M, Li RY, Lu JL, Zhang SM. Clinical effects of diet therapy plus oral probiotics plus Etiasa gas enema in ulcerative colitis. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2015; 23:4750-4755. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v23.i29.4750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of diet therapy combined with basic therapy (oral probiotics and Etiasa gas enema) for ulcerative colitis (UC).
METHODS: Ninety patients with moderate or mild to moderate UC were randomly divided into an experimental group, a control group and a blank group. The experimental group and control group were given oral probiotics and Etiasa gas enema. The experimental group and blank group received diet therapy. Inflammatory indicators [leukocytes, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein] indicators were compared between different groups before and after treatments.
RESULTS: The remission rate in the experimental group was higher than those in the control group and blank group (90% vs 83.3%, 80.0%). Erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein were significantly different between before and after treatment in the three groups, and the experimental group was better than the control group and the blank group (ESR: F = 7.879, P = 0.000 < 0.01; C-reactive protein: F = 22.030, P = 0.000 < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: Diet therapy combined with basic therapy is superior to either medical therapy or diet therapy alone in ulcerative colitis.
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Chen D, Yang Z, Chen X, Huang Y, Yin B, Guo F, Zhao H, Zhao T, Qu H, Huang J, Wu Y, Gu R. The effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 on the intestinal microbiota of a hyperlipidemic rat model. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:386. [PMID: 25300818 PMCID: PMC4197344 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence indicates that intestinal microbiota regulate our metabolism. Probiotics confer health benefits that may depend on their ability to affect the gut microbiota. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of supplementation with the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus rhamnosus hsryfm 1301, on the gut microbiota in a hyperlipidemic rat model, and to explore the associations between the gut microbiota and the serum lipids. METHODS The hyperlipidemic rat model was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet for 28 d. The rats' gut microbiota were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing before and after L. rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 supplementation or its fermented milk for 28 d. The serum lipids level was also tested. RESULTS The rats' primary gut microbiota were composed of Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Spirochaetes and Verrucomicrobia. The abundance and diversity of the gut microbiota generally decreased after feeding with a high-fat diet, with a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, but with an increase in that of Firmicutes (P < 0.05). Administration of L. rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 or its fermented milk for 28 d, could recover the Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance and could decrease the Firmicutes abundance, which was associated with a significant reduction in the serum lipids' level in the hyperlipidemic rats with high-fat diet induced. The abundance of 22 genera of gut bacteria was changed significantly after probiotic intervention for 28 d (P < 0.05). A positive correlation was observed between Ruminococcus spp. and serum triglycerides, Dorea spp. and serum cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and Enterococcus spp. and high-density lipoprotein. The Butyrivibrio spp. negatively correlated with TC and LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the lipid metabolism of hyperlipidemic rats was improved by regulating the gut microbiota with supplementation of L.rhamnosus hsryfm 1301 or its fermented milk for 28 d.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Chen
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Zhenquan Yang
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Xia Chen
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yujun Huang
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Boxing Yin
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Feixiang Guo
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Haiqing Zhao
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Tangyan Zhao
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Henxian Qu
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jiadi Huang
- />Royal Dairy (Guangxi) Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi 530007 China
| | - Yun Wu
- />Royal Dairy (Guangxi) Co., Ltd., Nanning, Guangxi 530007 China
| | - Ruixia Gu
- />College of Food Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
- />Key Lab of Dairy Biotechnology and Safety Control, Yangzhou, 225127 Jiangsu Province China
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Wong JMW. Gut microbiota and cardiometabolic outcomes: influence of dietary patterns and their associated components. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100 Suppl 1:369S-77S. [PMID: 24898225 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.071639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many dietary patterns have been associated with cardiometabolic risk reduction. A commonality between these dietary patterns is the emphasis on plant-based foods. Studies in individuals who consume vegetarian and vegan diets have shown a reduced risk of cardiovascular events and incidence of diabetes. Plant-based dietary patterns may promote a more favorable gut microbial profile. Such diets are high in dietary fiber and fermentable substrate (ie, nondigestible or undigested carbohydrates), which are sources of metabolic fuel for gut microbial fermentation and, in turn, result in end products that may be used by the host (eg, short-chain fatty acids). These end products may have direct or indirect effects on modulating the health of their host. Modulation of the gut microbiota is an area of growing interest, and it has been suggested to have the potential to reduce risk factors associated with chronic diseases. Examples of dietary components that alter the gut microbial composition include prebiotics and resistant starches. Emerging evidence also suggests a potential link between interindividual differences in the gut microbiota and variations in physiology or predisposition to certain chronic disease risk factors. Alterations in the gut microbiota may also stimulate certain populations and may assist in biotransformation of bioactive components found in plant foods. Strategies to modify microbial communities may therefore provide a novel approach in the treatment and management of chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M W Wong
- From the Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada; the New Balance Obesity Foundation Obesity Prevention Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA; and the Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Guardamagna O, Amaretti A, Puddu PE, Raimondi S, Abello F, Cagliero P, Rossi M. Bifidobacteria supplementation: Effects on plasma lipid profiles in dyslipidemic children. Nutrition 2014; 30:831-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Revised: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Anjum N, Maqsood S, Masud T, Ahmad A, Sohail A, Momin A. Lactobacillus acidophilus: Characterization of the Species and Application in Food Production. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2014; 54:1241-51. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2011.621169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Peluso I, Romanelli L, Palmery M. Interactions between prebiotics, probiotics, polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols: diet or supplementation for metabolic syndrome prevention? Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:259-67. [PMID: 24467635 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.880670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic syndrome can be prevented by the Mediterranean diet, characterized by fiber, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and polyphenols. However, the composition of the Mediterranean diet, which can be viewed as a natural multiple supplement, is poorly controlled, and its beneficial effects poorly predictable. The metabolic syndrome is associated with intestinal dysbiosis and the gut microbioma seems to be the main target and player in the interactions occurring between probiotics, prebiotics, omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and polyphenols. From the reviewed evidence, it is reasonable to manage growth and metabolism of gut microflora with specific prebiotics and polyphenols. Even though the healthy properties of functional foods and nutraceuticals still need to be fully elucidated, available data suggest that well-designed supplements, containing the better ratio of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and antioxidants, specific probiotic strains, and selected polyphenols and prebiotics, could be useful in metabolic syndrome prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Peluso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "V. Erspamer", "Sapienza" University of Rome , Rome , Italy
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Kassi E, Dimas C, Dalamaga M, Panagiotou A, Papoutsi Z, Spilioti E, Moutsatsou P. Sideritis euboeaextract lowers total cholesterol but not LDL cholesterol in humans: a randomized controlled trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.2217/clp.13.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tousen Y, Uehara M, Abe F, Kimira Y, Ishimi Y. Effects of short-term fructooligosaccharide intake on equol production in Japanese postmenopausal women consuming soy isoflavone supplements: a pilot study. Nutr J 2013; 12:127. [PMID: 24034304 PMCID: PMC3848686 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that some of the clinical effectiveness of soy or daidzein, which is a type of isoflavone, may be attributed to a person's ability to produce equol from daidzein. Equol, which is a metabolite of one of the major soybean isoflavones called daidzein, is produced in the gastrointestinal tract by certain intestinal microbiota where present. Habitual dietary patterns may alter the intestinal bacterial profile, and influence the metabolism of isoflavones and the production of equol. Fructooligosaccharides (FOS) have a prebiotic activity as well as being a dietary fibre. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether FOS supplementation increases equol production in equol producers and stimulates equol production in equol non-producers in Japanese postmenopausal women. METHODS A soy challenge was used to assess equol-producer status prior to the start of the study in healthy postmenopausal Japanese women. The study involved 4 separate groups in randomised crossover design. First, subjects were classified as equol producers (n = 25) or non-producers (n = 18), and then they were randomly assigned to the FOS or control group. All subjects received a daily dose of 37 mg isoflavone conjugates in the capsule (21 mg aglycone form) and either FOS (5 g/day) or sucrose as control, in a randomised crossover study design. Equol -production was assessed by testing the serum and urine before and after the 2-week supplementation period. RESULTS The analyses were conducted on 34 subjects completed the study, 21 (61.8%) were classified as equol producers, and 13 (38.2%) as non-producers. Significant differences were observed in the interaction effect of time × equol state after 1 week of intervention (p = 0.006). However there were no effects after 2 weeks of intervention (p = 0.516). Finally, in both equol producers and non-producers, FOS supplementation did not affect the serum equol concentration or the urinary equol to daidzein concentration ratios. CONCLUSIONS We have reported that FOS intervention (5 g/day for 2 weeks) does not significantly modulate the capacity of intestinal microbiota to produce equol in postmenopausal Japanese women, in either equol producers or non-producers in this pilot study. Further larger investigations that explore the roles of specific intestinal microbiota in equol production will enable the establishment of dietary conditions that are required to enhance equol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tousen
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Mariko Uehara
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bio-Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8502, Japan
| | - Fumiko Abe
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Kimira
- Department of Clinical Dietetics & Human Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Josai University, 1-1 Keyakidai, Sakado, Saitama 350-0295, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ishimi
- Department of Food Function and Labeling, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8636, Japan
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Frasinariu OE, Ceccarelli S, Alisi A, Moraru E, Nobili V. Gut-liver axis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: an input for novel therapies. Dig Liver Dis 2013; 45:543-51. [PMID: 23280158 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2012] [Revised: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a multifactorial condition, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with or without fibrosis. In non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, alteration of gut microbiota and increased intestinal permeability increase exposure of the liver to gut-derived bacterial products: lipopolysaccharides and unmethylated CpG DNA. These products stimulate innate immune receptors, namely Toll-like receptors, which activate signalling pathways involved in liver inflammation and fibrogenesis. Currently, there are several studies on the involvement of lipopolysaccharide-activated Toll-like receptor 4 signalling in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. There has been widespread interest in the study of the involvement of resident hepatic stellate cells and Kupffer cells activation in liver fibrogenesis upon TLR4 stimulation. Although the best evidence to support a role for gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-induced fibrosis comes largely from animal models, data from human studies are accumulating and could lead to new therapeutic approaches. Therapeutic modulation of gut microflora may be an alternative strategy to develop an anti-fibrotic therapy. In this review, we discuss the relevant role of gut-liver axis in non-alcoholic liver disease-associated liver fibrosis and discuss the evidence on novel anti-fibrotic therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otilia E Frasinariu
- Discipline of Pediatrics, Department of Mother and Child Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Iasi, Romania
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Abstract
In recent years, research has found close associations among intestinal flora, high-fat diets, and hyperlipidemia. Intestinal flora may regulate blood lipids by producing cholesterol oxidase, inhibiting the activity of liver lipase, regulating the distribution of cholesterol in the blood and liver, and affecting biliary enterohepatic circulation. High-fat diets and hyperlipidemia can influence the composition of intestinal flora by reducing intestinal nutrient source, changing redox state, and destroying the microenvironment in which intestinal flora survive. Molecular mechanisms by which intestinal flora regulates lipid metabolism include directly regulating fat storage genes of the host (inhibiting the activity of fasting-induced adipose factor gene, enhancing the expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 and carbohydrate response element binding protein, and reducing the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase) and modulating the activity of lipopolysaccharide to change the body's chronic low inflammation state. Prevention of hyperlipidemia by regulating the intestinal flora or prevention and treatment of related diseases by adjusting the diet and reducing blood fat to change the composition of intestinal flora are becoming research hotspots.
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Lollo PCB, Cruz AG, Morato PN, Moura CS, Carvalho-Silva LB, Oliveira CAF, Faria JAF, Amaya-Farfan J. Probiotic cheese attenuates exercise-induced immune suppression in Wistar rats. J Dairy Sci 2012; 95:3549-58. [PMID: 22720913 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-5124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Intense physical activity results in a substantial volume of stress and hence a significant probability of immunosuppression in athletes, with milk proteins being, perhaps, the most recommended protein supplements. Consumption of a probiotic cheese can attenuate immune suppression induced by exhausting exercise in rats. A popular Brazilian fresh cheese (Minas Frescal cheese) containing Lactobacillus acidophilus LA14 and Bifidobacterium longum BL05 was fed for 2wk to adult Wistar rats, which then were brought to exhaustion on the treadmill. Two hours after exhaustion, the rats were killed and material was collected for the determination of serum uric acid, total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol fraction, total protein, triacylglycerols, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and blood cell (monocyte, lymphocyte, neutrophil, and leukocyte) counts. Exercise was efficient in reducing lymphocyte counts, irrespective of the type of ingested cheese, but the decrease in the group fed the probiotic cheese was 22% compared with 48% in the animals fed regular cheese. Monocyte counts were unaltered in the rats fed probiotic cheese compared with a significant decrease in the rats fed the regular cheese. Most importantly, ingestion of the probiotic cheese resulted in a >100% increase in serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and a 50% decrease in triacylglycerols. We conclude that probiotic Minas Frescal cheese may be a viable alternative to enhance the immune system and could be used to prevent infections, particularly those related to the physical overexertion of athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C B Lollo
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia de Alimentos, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-862, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Alisi A, Ceccarelli S, Panera N, Nobili V. Causative role of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012; 2:132. [PMID: 23112961 PMCID: PMC3481143 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alisi
- Liver Research Unit and Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Alisi A, Ceccarelli S, Panera N, Nobili V. Causative role of gut microbiota in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease pathogenesis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2012. [PMID: 23112961 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00132.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Alisi
- Liver Research Unit and Hepato-Metabolic Disease Unit, "Bambino Gesù" Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Wong JMW, Kendall CWC, Marchie A, Liu Z, Vidgen E, Holmes C, Jackson CJ, Josse RG, Pencharz PB, Rao AV, Vuksan V, Singer W, Jenkins DJA. Equol status and blood lipid profile in hyperlipidemia after consumption of diets containing soy foods. Am J Clin Nutr 2012; 95:564-71. [PMID: 22301925 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.017418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent analyses have challenged the effectiveness of soy foods as part of a cardiovascular risk reduction diet. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to show whether equol status determines the effectiveness of soy foods to lower LDL cholesterol and to raise HDL cholesterol. DESIGN Eighty-five hypercholesterolemic men and postmenopausal women (42 men, 43 women) participated in 1 of 3 studies that represented a range of soy interventions and that followed the same general protocol at a Canadian university hospital research center. Soy foods were provided for 1 mo at doses of 30-52 g/d for the 3 studies as follows: 1) soy foods with either high-normal (73 mg/d) or low (10 mg/d) isoflavones, 2) soy foods with or without a prebiotic to enhance colonic fermentation (10 g polyfructans/d), or 3) soy foods with a low-carbohydrate diet (26% carbohydrate). Studies 1 and 2 were randomized controlled crossover trials, and study 3 was a parallel study. RESULTS The separation of the group into equol producers (n = 30) and nonproducers (n = 55) showed similar reductions from baseline in LDL cholesterol (-9.3 ± 2.5% and -11.1 ± 1.6%, respectively; P = 0.834), with preservation of HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I only in equol producers compared with reductions in nonproducers (HDL cholesterol: +0.9 ± 2.7% compared with -4.3 ± 1.1%, P = 0.006; apolipoprotein A-I: -1.0 ± 1.1% compared with -4.7 ± 1.0%; P = 0.011). The amount of urinary equol excreted did not relate to the changes in blood lipids. CONCLUSIONS Soy foods reduced serum LDL cholesterol equally in both equol producers and nonproducers. However, in equol producers, ~35% of our study population, soy consumption had the added cardiovascular benefit of maintaining higher HDL-cholesterol concentrations than those seen in equol nonproducers. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00877825 (study 1), NCT00516594 (study 2), and NCT00256516 (study 3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M W Wong
- Clinical Nutrition & Risk Factor Modification Center, St Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Moroti C, Souza Magri LF, de Rezende Costa M, Cavallini DCU, Sivieri K. Effect of the consumption of a new symbiotic shake on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:29. [PMID: 22356933 PMCID: PMC3305430 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The consumption of foods containing probiotic and prebiotic ingredients is growing consistently every year, and in view of the limited number of studies investigating their effect in the elderly. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of a symbiotic shake containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium bifidum and fructooligosaccharides on glycemia and cholesterol levels in elderly people. METHODS A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted on twenty volunteers (ten for placebo group and ten for symbiotic group), aged 50 to 60 years. The criteria for inclusion in the study were: total cholesterol > 200 mg/dL; triglycerides > 200 mg/dL and glycemia > 110 mg/dL. Over a total test period of 30 days, 10 individuals (the symbiotic group) consumed a daily dose of 200 mL of a symbiotic shake containing 10(8) UFC/mL Lactobacillus acidophilus, 10(8) UFC/mL Bifidobacterium bifidum and 2 g oligofructose, while 10 other volunteers (the placebo group) drank daily the same amount of a shake that did not contain any symbiotic bacteria. Blood samples were collected 15 days prior to the start of the experiment and at 10-day intervals after the beginning of the shake intake. The standard lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol) and glycemia, or blood sugar levels, were evaluated by an enzyme colorimetric assay. RESULTS The results of the symbiotic group showed a non-significant reduction (P > 0.05) in total cholesterol and triglycerides, a significant increase (P < 0.05) in HDL cholesterol and a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in fasting glycemia. No significant changes were observed in the placebo group. CONCLUSION The consumption of symbiotic shake resulted in a significant increase in HDL and a significant decrease of glycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Moroti
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Loyanne Francine Souza Magri
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela de Rezende Costa
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela CU Cavallini
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Department of Food & Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, SP, Brazil
- Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Departamento de Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Estadual, Rodovia Araraquara Jaú, Km 1, Campus Universitário, Caixa Postal 502, CEP 14802901 Araraquara, SP, Brazil
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Tousen Y, Abe F, Ishida T, Uehara M, Ishimi Y. Resistant starch promotes equol production and inhibits tibial bone loss in ovariectomized mice treated with daidzein. Metabolism 2011; 60:1425-32. [PMID: 21550090 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 02/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is metabolized to equol in the gastrointestinal tract by gut microflora. Equol has greater estrogenic activity than genistein and daidzein, with its production shown to be promoted by dietary fiber. It is known that resistant starch (RS) is not absorbed in the proximal intestine and acts as dietary fiber in the colon. In this study, we investigated the combined effects of daidzein and RS intake on equol production, bone mineral density, and intestinal microflora in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Female mice of the ddY strain, aged 8 weeks, were either sham operated (n = 6) or OVX. The OVX mice were randomly divided into 5 groups: OVX control (n = 6), OVX fed 0.1% daidzein-supplemented diet (OVX + Dz, n = 8), OVX fed 0.1% daidzein- and 12% RS-supplemented diet (OVX + Dz + RS, n = 8), OVX fed 12% RS-supplemented diet (OVX + RS, n = 8), and OVX who received daily subcutaneous administration of 17 β-estradiol (n = 6). After 6 weeks, urinary equol concentration was significantly higher in the OVX + Dz + RS group than in the OVX + Dz group. The bone mineral density of the whole tibia was higher in the OVX + Dz +RS group compared with the OVX + Dz group. The occupation ratios of Bifidobacterium spp in the cecal microflora in groups fed RS were significantly higher than those in the other groups. The present study demonstrated that RS may increase the bioavailability of daidzein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Tousen
- Food Function and Labeling Program, National Institute of Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Huang J, Frohlich J, Ignaszewski AP. The Impact of Dietary Changes and Dietary Supplements on Lipid Profile. Can J Cardiol 2011; 27:488-505. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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Abstract
The health benefits associated with soya food consumption have been widely studied, with soya isoflavones and soya protein implicated in the protection of CVD, osteoporosis and cancers such as those of the breast and prostate. Equol (7-hydroxy-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-chroman), a metabolite of the soya isoflavone daidzein, is produced via the formation of the intermediate dihydrodaidzein, by human intestinal bacteria, with only approximately 30-40% of the adult population having the ability to perform this transformation following a soya challenge. Inter-individual variation in conversion of daidzein to equol has been attributed, in part, to differences in the diet and in gut microflora composition, although the specific bacteria responsible for the colonic biotransformation of daidzein to equol are yet to be identified. Equol is a unique compound in that it can exert oestrogenic effects, but is also a potent antagonist of dihydrotestosterone in vivo. Furthermore, in vitro studies suggest that equol is more biologically active than its parent compound, daidzein, with a higher affinity for the oestrogen receptor and a more potent antioxidant activity. Although some observational and intervention studies suggest that the ability to produce equol is associated with reduced risk of breast and prostate cancer, CVD, improved bone health and reduced incidence of hot flushes, others have reported null or adverse effects. Studies to date have been limited and well-designed studies that are sufficiently powered to investigate the relationship between equol production and disease risk are warranted before the clinical relevance of the equol phenotype can be fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Magee
- Northern Ireland Centre for Food and Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulster, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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Abstract
Important metabolic functions have been identified for the gut microbiota in health and disease. Several lines of evidence suggest a role for the gut microbiota in both the etiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and progression to its more advanced state, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Both NAFLD and NASH are strongly linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome and, accordingly, have become common worldwide problems. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth of Gram-negative organisms could promote insulin resistance, increase endogenous ethanol production and induce choline deficiency, all factors implicated in NAFLD. Among the potential mediators of this association, lipopolysaccharide (a component of Gram-negative bacterial cell walls) exerts relevant metabolic and proinflammatory effects. Although the best evidence to support a role for the gut microbiota in NAFLD and NASH comes largely from animal models, data from studies in humans (albeit at times contradictory) is accumulating and could lead to new therapeutic avenues for these highly prevalent conditions.
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Ren TT, Lu FG, Zhang YL, Cheng ZM, Xu M. Intake of a high-fat diet alters intestinal flora in rats. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2010; 18:2694-2697. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v18.i25.2694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the possible effect of intake of a high-fat diet on intestinal flora in rats.
METHODS: Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A and group B. Group A was fed a normal diet, while group B was fed a diet rich in oil and fat. The fecal microbial population was analyzed on days 1, 15 and 30. The rats were killed on day 30 to analyze the small intestinal flora.
RESULTS: Serum total cholesterol (TC) level on day 30 was significantly lower in group A than in group B (1.8186 mmol/L ± 0.39 mmol/L vs 2.6213 mmol/L ± 0.28 mmol/L, P < 0.05). The fecal microbial population changed greatly in Group B: the counts of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium, and Enterococcus were significantly lower on day 30 than on day 1 (6.1353 ± 0.23 vs 7.0203 ± 0.36, 5.3010 ± 0.23 vs 6.8531 ± 0.30 and 3.3269 ± 0.24 vs 5.4740 ± 0.25, all P < 0.05); the counts of Bacteroides on days 15 and 30 were 7.2339 ± 0.32 and 5.7979 ± 0.40, respectively, showing an "initially increased then decreased]trend (P < 0.05) when compared with that on day 1 (6.4933 ± 0.38). In contrast, the small intestinal flora was relatively stable.
CONCLUSION: High-fat diet intake for 30 days results in great changes in intestinal flora that mainly occur in the colon and are considered to be able to accelerate the development of obesity and hyperlipidemia.
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Wong JMW, Kendall CWC, de Souza R, Emam A, Marchie A, Vidgen E, Holmes C, Jenkins DJA. The effect on the blood lipid profile of soy foods combined with a prebiotic: a randomized controlled trial. Metabolism 2010; 59:1331-40. [PMID: 20096897 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2009.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The value of soy protein as part of the cholesterol-lowering diet has been questioned by recent studies. The apparent lack of effect may relate to the absence of dietary factors that increase colonic fermentation and potentiate the cholesterol-lowering effect of soy. Therefore, unabsorbable carbohydrates (prebiotics) were added to the diet with the aim of increasing colonic fermentation and so potentially increasing the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy. Twenty-three hyperlipidemic adults (11 male, 12 female; 58 +/- 7 years old; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], 4.18 +/- 0.58 mmol/L) completed three 4-week diet intervention phases-a low-fat dairy diet and 10 g/d prebiotic (oligofructose-enriched inulin, a fermentable carbohydrate), a soy food-containing diet (30 g/d soy protein, 61 mg/d isoflavones from soy foods) and 10 g/d placebo (maltodextrin), and a soy food-containing diet with 10 g/d prebiotic--in a randomized controlled crossover study. Intake of soy plus prebiotic resulted in greater reductions in LDL-C (-0.18 +/- 0.07 mmol/L, P = .042) and in ratio of LDL-C to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-0.28 +/- 0.11, P = .041) compared with prebiotic. In addition, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly increased on soy plus prebiotic compared with prebiotic (0.06 +/- 0.02 mmol/L, P = .029). Differences in bifidobacteria, total anaerobes, aerobes, and breath hydrogen did not reach significance. Soy foods in conjunction with a prebiotic resulted in significant improvements in the lipid profile, not seen when either prebiotic or soy alone was taken. Coingestion of a prebiotic may potentiate the effectiveness of soy foods as part of the dietary strategy to lower serum cholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia M W Wong
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C 2T2
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Granato D, Branco GF, Nazzaro F, Cruz AG, Faria JA. Functional Foods and Nondairy Probiotic Food Development: Trends, Concepts, and Products. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:292-302. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00110.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Izquierdo E, Horvatovich P, Marchioni E, Aoude-Werner D, Sanz Y, Ennahar S. 2-DE and MS analysis of key proteins in the adhesion ofLactobacillus plantarum, a first step toward early selection of probiotics based on bacterial biomarkers. Electrophoresis 2009; 30:949-56. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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