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Ochando I, Urbano A, Rueda J. Genetics in reproductive medicine. Arch Med Res 2024; 55:103092. [PMID: 39342776 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2024.103092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 09/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Thanks to advances in technology, genetic testing is now available to explore the causes of infertility and to assess the risk of a given couple passing on a genetic disorder to their offspring. This allows at-risk couples to make an informed decision when opting for assisted reproduction and allows professionals to offer pre-implantation diagnosis when appropriate. Genetic screening of an infertile couple has thus become standard practice for an appropriate diagnosis, treatment, and prognostic assessment. This review aims to highlight the conditions under which genetic screening plays a role in improving reproductive outcomes for infertile couples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ochando
- Nuuma Genetics, Hospital HLA Vistahermosa, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain.
| | - Antonio Urbano
- Nuuma Genetics, Hospital HLA Vistahermosa, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
| | - Joaquín Rueda
- Departamento de Histología y Anatomía, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Alicante, Spain
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2
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Go M, Shim SH. Genomic aspects in reproductive medicine. Clin Exp Reprod Med 2024; 51:91-101. [PMID: 38263590 PMCID: PMC11140259 DOI: 10.5653/cerm.2023.06303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Infertility is a complex disease characterized by extreme genetic heterogeneity, compounded by various environmental factors. While there are exceptions, individual genetic and genomic variations related to infertility are typically rare, often family-specific, and may serve as susceptibility factors rather than direct causes of the disease. Consequently, identifying the cause of infertility and developing prevention and treatment strategies based on these factors remain challenging tasks, even in the modern genomic era. In this review, we first examine the genetic and genomic variations associated with infertility, and subsequently summarize the concepts and methods of preimplantation genetic testing in light of advances in genome analysis technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minyeon Go
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Shim
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Life Science, CHA University, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
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3
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Andó S, Koczok K, Bessenyei B, Balogh I, Ujfalusi A. Cytogenetic Investigation of Infertile Patients in Hungary: A 10-Year Retrospective Study. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2086. [PMID: 36360324 PMCID: PMC9690888 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Chromosome abnormalities play a crucial role in reproductive failure. The presence of numerical or structural aberrations may induce recurrent pregnancy loss or primary infertility. The main purpose of our study was to determine the types and frequency of chromosomal aberrations in infertile patients and to compare the frequency of structural aberrations to a control group. Karyotyping was performed in 1489 men and 780 women diagnosed with reproductive failure between 2010 and 2020. The control group included 869 male and 1160 female patients having cytogenetic evaluations for reasons other than infertility. Sex chromosomal aberrations were detected in 33/1489 (2.22%) infertile men and 3/780 (0.38%) infertile women. Structural abnormalities (e.g., translocation, inversion) were observed in 89/1489 (5.98%) infertile men and 58/780 (7.44%) infertile women. The control population showed structural chromosomal abnormalities in 27/869 (3.11%) men and 39/1160 (3.36%) women. There were significant differences in the prevalence of single-cell translocations between infertile individuals (males: 3.5%; females: 3.46%) and control patients (males: 0.46%; females: 0.7%). In summary, this is the first report of cytogenetic alterations in infertile patients in Hungary. The types of chromosomal abnormalities were comparable to previously published data. The prevalence of less-studied single-cell translocations was significantly higher in infertile patients than in the control population, supporting an earlier suggestion that these aberrations may be causally related to infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Szilvia Andó
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Koczok
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Beáta Bessenyei
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - István Balogh
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anikó Ujfalusi
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Hungary
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Polyzos NP, Ayoubi JM, Pirtea P. General infertility workup in times of high assisted reproductive technology efficacy. Fertil Steril 2022; 118:8-18. [PMID: 35725122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The assessments of oocyte quality and quantity and endocrine profile have traditionally been the cornerstone of the general workup of couples with infertility. Over the years, several clinical, hormonal, and functional biomarkers have been adopted to assess ovarian function and identify endocrine disorders before assisted reproductive technology. Furthermore, the genetic workup of patients has drastically changed, introducing novel markers. This not only allowed the prediction of response to ovarian stimulation but also contributed toward the development of a safer and more efficient management of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology. The scope of this review is to provide an overview of the current and novel strategies adopted for the assessment of ovarian function and ovulatory and endocrine disorders in women planning to conceive. Furthermore, it aims to provide an insight in the role of novel genetic biomarkers and use of expanded carrier screening as part of preliminary workup of women with infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos P Polyzos
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Dexeus University Hospital, Barcelona, Spain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University (UZ Gent), Gent, Belgium.
| | - Jean Marc Ayoubi
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch-Faculté de Medicine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), Suresnes, France
| | - Paul Pirtea
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Medicine, Hospital Foch-Faculté de Medicine Paris Ouest (UVSQ), Suresnes, France
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Vanni VS, Quartucci A, Rebecchi A, Privitera L, Limena A, Ventimiglia E, Viganò P, Candiani M, Salonia A, Papaleo E. Anti-Müllerian hormone concentration as an indicator of female general health status: a cross-sectional study. Reprod Biomed Online 2021; 44:119-126. [PMID: 34815158 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION To evaluate the correlation between clinical and hormonal parameters and comorbidity burden in Caucasian women presenting for fertility treatment. DESIGN Monocentric cross-sectional study including a cohort of 3163 Caucasian women seeking medical care for fertility treatment. All patients underwent centralized laboratory testing for hormonal assessment. Complete clinical and laboratory data from the entire cohort were retrospectively analysed. Comorbidity burden score was assessed by the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI; categorized as 0 versus 1 versus ≥2). RESULTS Descriptive statistics and regression models tested the associations between clinical and laboratory parameters and CCI. Among the entire cohort of patients, a CCI = 0 was found in 2977 women (94.1%), and CCI = 1 and CCI ≥2 were found in 113 (3.6%) and 73 (2.3%) patients, respectively. Age (P = 0.009), gravidity (P = 0.001), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH, P < 0.001) and TSH (P = 0.003) values were significantly different among CCI groups. In regression models, age at presentation and AMH emerged as independent indicators of CCI ≥ 1. Age at presentation <36 years (odds ratio [OR] 1.742, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.284-2.364) and an AMH concentration ≤2.3 ng/ml (OR 1.864, 95% CI 1.29-2.69) were the most informative cut-off values for CCI ≥ 1 in the study population. CONCLUSIONS A younger age at presentation and lower AMH concentrations are significant independent indicators of decreased general health in women requiring clinical evaluation for fertility treatment. As observed for sperm parameters in men, AMH might serve as a proxy of women's general health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Stella Vanni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Quartucci
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Agnese Rebecchi
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Privitera
- Fertility Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Limena
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy
| | - Eugenio Ventimiglia
- Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paola Viganò
- Reproductive Sciences Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Candiani
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Salonia
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 58, Milan, Italy; Division of Experimental Oncology/Unit of Urology, URI, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Papaleo
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, Milan, Italy; Fertility Centre, Obstetrics and Gynaecology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 48, Milan, Italy.
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Qureshi S, Bibi N, Ahmed J, Khan MJ. Computational screening of pathogenic non-synonymous SNPs of the human TEX11 gene and their structural and functional consequences. Meta Gene 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Nadă ES, Albu DF, Pătraşcu A, Albu ŞD, Gogănău AM, Albu CC. Current opportunities and new horizons into the genetic study of infertility. ROMANIAN JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY AND EMBRYOLOGY = REVUE ROUMAINE DE MORPHOLOGIE ET EMBRYOLOGIE 2021; 62:191-200. [PMID: 34609421 PMCID: PMC8597361 DOI: 10.47162/rjme.62.1.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An estimated 12.5% of couples experiencing fertility problems and almost 12% of reproductive age women have turned to health services at least once due to infertility. First trimester miscarriage is the most common clinical manifestation of infertility associated with a genetic cause. PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS The scientific research was conducted at A.S. Medical Center in Bucharest, Romania, between January 2016 and December 2018, on a representative group of 1264 Caucasian patients diagnosed with infertility, from which the study group was selected, consisting of 273 patients who were further genetically investigated. RESULTS Chromosomal instability, identified in 14% of patients, has been encountered most frequently in women (7%), and least often in fetuses (2%), unlike other chromosomal anomalies, identified in 55% of patients, which were more common in fetuses (27%) and least frequently in men (9%). Recurrent pregnancy loss due to genetic causes was identified in 53% of cases, being determined by chromosomal instability in 16% of cases and by other chromosomal anomalies in 37% of cases. Infertility due to a genetic cause was identified in 83% of cases, being determined by chromosomal instability in 17% of cases and by other chromosomal anomalies encountered in 66% of cases. In genetic risk pregnancies in evolution, fetal chromosomal anomalies were detected in 94% of cases, the most frequent being aneuploidy and polyploidy. Cytogenetic studies carried out on tissue fragments taken from aborted products of conception revealed the presence of a genetic cause in 57% of cases, an abnormal chromosome number being the most common (36%). The analysis of microdeletions of the long arm of the Y chromosome indicated that 5.5% of men with infertility are affected by this condition. CONCLUSIONS Although genetic tests are considered complex and expensive laboratory investigations, they are crucial in identifying the etiology of over 40% of infertility cases associated with genetic factors, as well as in the correct and effective management of infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena-Silvia Nadă
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Dinu-Florin Albu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Prof. Dr. Panait Sîrbu Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Anca Pătraşcu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania
| | - Ştefan-Dimitrie Albu
- Doctoral School, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Cristina-Crenguţa Albu
- Department of Genetics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
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Zitzmann M, Aksglaede L, Corona G, Isidori AM, Juul A, T'Sjoen G, Kliesch S, D'Hauwers K, Toppari J, Słowikowska-Hilczer J, Tüttelmann F, Ferlin A. European academy of andrology guidelines on Klinefelter Syndrome Endorsing Organization: European Society of Endocrinology. Andrology 2020; 9:145-167. [PMID: 32959490 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Knowledge about Klinefelter syndrome (KS) has increased substantially since its first description almost 80 years ago. A variety of treatment options concerning the spectrum of symptoms associated with KS exists, also regarding aspects beyond testicular dysfunction. Nevertheless, the diagnostic rate is still low in relation to prevalence and no international guidelines are available for KS. OBJECTIVE To create the first European Academy of Andrology (EAA) guidelines on KS. METHODS An expert group of academicians appointed by the EAA generated a consensus guideline according to the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) system. RESULTS Clinical features are highly variable among patients with KS, although common characteristics are severely attenuated spermatogenesis and Leydig cell impairment, resulting in azoospermia and hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. In addition, various manifestations of neurocognitive and psychosocial phenotypes have been described as well as an increased prevalence of adverse cardiovascular, metabolic and bone-related conditions which might explain the increased morbidity/mortality in KS. Moreover, compared to the general male population, a higher prevalence of dental, coagulation and autoimmune disorders is likely to exist in patients with KS. Both genetic and epigenetic effects due to the supernumerary X chromosome as well as testosterone deficiency contribute to this pathological pattern. The majority of patients with KS is diagnosed during adulthood, but symptoms can already become obvious during infancy, childhood or adolescence. The paediatric and juvenile patients with KS require specific attention regarding their development and fertility. CONCLUSION These guidelines provide recommendations and suggestions to care for patients with KS in various developmental stages ranging from childhood and adolescence to adulthood. This advice is based on recent research data and respective evaluations as well as validations performed by a group of experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Zitzmann
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology/Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lise Aksglaede
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Giovanni Corona
- Medical Department, Endocrinology Unit, Maggiore Bellaria Hospital, Azienda Usl, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Advanced Endocrine Diagnostics Unit, Policlinico Umberto I Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anders Juul
- Rigshospitalet, Department of Growth and Reproduction, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology and Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Kliesch
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Andrology/Clinical and Surgical Andrology, University Hospital of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Kathleen D'Hauwers
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Centre Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jorma Toppari
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Biomedicine, Research Centre for Integrated Physiology and Pharmacology and Centre for Population Health Research, University Hospital, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Frank Tüttelmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Infertility: Practical Clinical Issues for Routine Investigation of the Male Partner. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061644. [PMID: 32486230 PMCID: PMC7356539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
About one-fifth of couples has fertility problems in Western countries. Male factors are present in about half of them, either alone or in combination with female causes. Therefore, both partners should be evaluated simultaneously. The fertility status and/or specific conditions of each partner influence the clinical and treatment approach. This article summarizes in a practical way when, how, and why the male partner of an infertile couple should be investigated. The available evidence and international guidelines were used, interpreting, discussing, and expanding them from personal decades-long experience in this field. The aim is to delineate the most appropriate clinical approach for the male partner of infertile couples, considering traditional and emerging technologies and laboratory analyses in the context of their clinical significance. Components of the initial evaluation in men without known risk factors for infertility should include at minimum medical history, physical examination, and semen analysis. Semen microbiological examination, endocrine assessment, scrotal ultrasound, and transrectal ultrasound are suggested in most men and are mandatory when specific risk factors for male infertility are known to be present or when the initial screening demonstrated abnormalities. Full examination, including genetic tests, testicular histology, or additional tests on sperm, is clinically oriented and/or suggested after the results of initial investigations.
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Genetische Diagnostik vor assistierter Reproduktion – Empfehlungen der neuen S2k-Leitlinie 2019. GYNAKOLOGISCHE ENDOKRINOLOGIE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10304-020-00317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungGenetische Ursachen sind für etwa 10–20 % der männlichen und 5–10 % der weiblichen In- oder Subfertilität verantwortlich. Bei Männern ist die andrologische Untersuchung Voraussetzung dafür, genetische Ursachen von Spermatogenesestörungen einordnen zu können. Außer Störungen der Geschlechtschromosomen können auch balancierte Chromosomenumbauten zu einer Fertilitätsminderung führen. Eine Azoospermiefaktoranalyse in Bezug auf Y‑chromosomale Mikrodeletionen ist bei Männern mit Azoospermie indiziert, da sie über den Erfolg einer assistierten Reproduktion entscheiden kann. Bei Verdacht auf obstruktive Azoospermie soll eine Analyse des CFTR-Gens zur Diagnostik einer zystischen Fibrose erfolgen. Bei endokrinen Auffälligkeiten sind genetische Ursachen des häufigeren hypergonadotropen Hypogonadismus von denen eines seltenen kongenitalen hypogonadotropen Hypogonadismus zu unterscheiden. Algorithmen zur genetischen Diagnostik sind in der aktuellen Leitlinie im internationalen Vergleich ausgeführt.
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11
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Rocca MS, Msaki A, Ghezzi M, Cosci I, Pilichou K, Celeghin R, Foresta C, Ferlin A. Development of a novel next-generation sequencing panel for diagnosis of quantitative spermatogenic impairment. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:753-762. [PMID: 32242295 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01747-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and assess a novel custom next-generation sequencing (NGS) panel for male infertility genetic diagnosis. METHODS A total of 241 subjects with diagnosis of idiopathic infertility ranging from azoospermia to normozoospermia were sequenced by a custom NGS panel including AR, FSHB, FSHR, KLHL10, NR5A1, NANOS1, SEPT12, SYCP3, TEX11 genes. Variants with minor allele frequency < 1% were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS Nineteen missense variants were detected in 23 subjects with abnormal sperm count, whilst no variants were identified in normozoospermic men. Of identified variants, we prioritized variants classified as pathogenic and of uncertain significance (VUS) (63.1%, 12/19). No missense variants were found in males with normal seminal parameters (0/67). Therefore, the prevalence of variants was significantly higher in patients with spermatogenic impairment (16/174 vs 0/67, p = 0.007). CONCLUSION This study confirms the utility to apply NGS panel for infertility diagnosis in order to find new genetic variants potentially linked to male infertility with much higher accuracy than standard tests suggested by guidelines. Indeed, based on biological significance, prevalence in the general population and clinical data of patients, it is plausible that identified variants in this study might be linked to quantitative spermatogenic impairment, although further studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Santa Rocca
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Aichi Msaki
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Ghezzi
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cosci
- Familial Cancer Clinic, Veneto Institute of Oncology (IOV-IRCCS), Padua, Italy
| | - Kalliopi Pilichou
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Rudy Celeghin
- Department of Cardiac-Thoracic-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, 35128, Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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12
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Amir S, Vakonaki E, Tsiminikaki K, Tzatzarakis M, Michopoulou V, Flamourakis M, Kalliantasi K, Karzi V, Fragkiadaki P, Renieri E, Tsoukalas D, Thanasoula M, Sarandi E, Sakellaris G, Makrigiannakis A, Nepka C, Spandidos D, Tsatsakis A. Sperm telomere length: Diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in male infertility (Review). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3892/wasj.2020.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Amir
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology Islamabad, Islamabad, Islamabad Capital Territory 45550, Pakistan
| | - Elena Vakonaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Manolis Tzatzarakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulou
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Katerina Kalliantasi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Karzi
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Persefoni Fragkiadaki
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Elisavet Renieri
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Maria Thanasoula
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Evangelia Sarandi
- Venizeleio General Hospital, Department of Surgery, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Sakellaris
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Antonios Makrigiannakis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, University Hospital of Heraklion, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Charitini Nepka
- Department of Cytopathology, University Hospital of Larissa, 41110 Larissa, Greece
| | - Demetrios Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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Karaman M, Budak H, Çiftci M. Amoxicillin and gentamicin antibiotics treatment adversely influence the fertility and morphology through decreasing the Dazl gene expression level and increasing the oxidative stress. Arch Physiol Biochem 2019; 125:447-455. [PMID: 29925282 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2018.1482354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to explain the impact of amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin on the oxidative stress (OS) and reproductivity in the mouse testes. Our data showed that reduced glutathione (GSH) level, which is a marker for OS, strikingly reduced and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) level, which acts as a signaling molecule in mammalian germ cells, strikingly increased with amoxicillin, gentamicin, and cefazolin treatment. The gene expression and enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), and glutathione-S-transferases (GST) were significantly affected in the presence of these antibiotics. Also, spermatogenesis was adversely affected by suppressing Deleted in Azoospermia (Dazl) gene expression. Finally, oxidative stress and spermatogenesis failure distorted to sperm viability, motility, and morphology in amoxicillin and gentamicin-treated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammet Karaman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kilis 7 Aralik University , Kilis , Turkey
- Advanced Technology Application and Research Center (ATACR), Kilis 7 Aralik University , Kilis , Turkey
| | - Harun Budak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiftci
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Art and Science, Bingol University , Bingol , Turkey
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14
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Thirumavalavan N, Gabrielsen JS, Lamb DJ. Where are we going with gene screening for male infertility? Fertil Steril 2019; 111:842-850. [PMID: 31029238 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Male infertility is a heterogenous disease process requiring the proper functioning and interaction of thousands of genes. Given the number of genes involved, it is thought that genetic causes contribute to most cases of infertility. Identifying these causes, however, is challenging. Infertility is associated with negative health outcomes, such as cancer, highlighting the need to further understand the genetic underpinnings of this condition. This paper describes the genetic and genomic tests currently available to identify the etiology of male infertility and then will discuss emerging technologies that may facilitate diagnosis and treatment of in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dolores J Lamb
- Department of Urology, Center for Reproductive Genomics and Caryle and Israel Englander, Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell School of Medicine, New York, New York.
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15
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Pinho A, Barros A, Fernandes S. Clinical and molecular characterization of Y microdeletions and X-linked CNV67 implications in male fertility: a 20-year experience. Andrology 2019; 8:307-314. [PMID: 31355535 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 15% of couples worldwide are affected with infertility, attributed to a male co-factor in about half of the cases. Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most common genetic cause for male infertility, with a global prevalence of 2-10% in infertile men. Recently, CNV67, localized in X chromosome, has emerged as potential contributor to male infertility, with a described frequency of 1.1% in the oligo/azoospermic men. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of Y-linked CNVs in a cohort of Portuguese infertile men and correlate the patients' phenotypes with a genetic alteration; to investigate the CNV67 deletion in a subset of patients and corroborate the role of this CNV in male infertility. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively analysed a database of 4000 Portuguese infertile men for karyotype anomalies and Y microdeletions and selected a cohort of 400 for CNV67 screening analysis by quantitative PCR or single PCR plus/minus. RESULTS Karyotype anomalies were present in 263 patients (6.6%), with Klinefelter syndrome representing the most frequent karyotype anomaly (2.8%). Among the 4000 patients, the prevalence of Yq microdeletions was 4.6%. Ninety microdeletions (10.0%) were found in the azoospermic group, 44 deletions (4.5%) in the severe oligozoospermic group, 1 AZFc partial deletion (0.3%) in the mild-moderate oligozoospermic group and 2 partial AZFc deletions (0.4%) in the normozoospermic group. Complete AZFc deletions represented 56.8% of the Yq microdeletions. The CNV67 deletion frequency was 1.2% in the studied sample. CONCLUSIONS This study presents one of the largest samples of infertile men worldwide with the main purpose of correlating the Yq microdeletions with sperm count. Our findings are supported by previous reviews with large data and provide a reliable estimation of the prevalence of these anomalies in a Portuguese population. CNV67 was exclusively deleted in patients with spermatogenic impairment, showing a consistent genotype-phenotype correlation and a significant prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Pinho
- Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Barros
- Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Centre for Reproductive Genetics A Barros, Porto, Portugal
| | - S Fernandes
- Genetic Unit, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,I3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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16
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Ferlin A, Dipresa S, Delbarba A, Maffezzoni F, Porcelli T, Cappelli C, Foresta C. Contemporary genetics-based diagnostics of male infertility. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2019; 19:623-633. [DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2019.1633917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ferlin
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Savina Dipresa
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Delbarba
- Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Maffezzoni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Teresa Porcelli
- Endocrinology, Montichiari Hospital, ASST Spedali Civili Brescia, Montichiari, Italy
| | - Carlo Cappelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Carlo Foresta
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Andrology and Reproductive Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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17
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Xu X, Zhang Y, Zhao S, Bian Y, Ning Y, Qin Y. Mutational analysis of theFAM175A gene in patients with premature ovarian insufficiency. Reprod Biomed Online 2019; 38:943-950. [PMID: 31000350 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTION The family with sequence similarity 175 member A gene (FAM175A; also known as ABRAXAS1, CCDC98 and ABRA1), a member of the DNA repair family, contributes to the BRCA1 (BRCA1 DNA repair associated)-dependent DNA damage response and is associated with age at natural menopause. However, it remains poorly understood whether sequence variants in FAM175A are causative for premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). The aim of this study was to investigate whether mutations in the gene FAM175A were present in patients with POI. DESIGN A total of 400 women with idiopathic POI and 498 control women with regular menstruation (306 age-matched women and 192 women over 40 years old) were recruited. After Sanger sequencing of FAM175A, functional experiments were carried out to explore the deleterious effects of the identified variation. DNA damage was subsequently induced by mitomycin C (MMC), and DNA repair capacity and G2-M checkpoint activation were evaluated by examining the phosphorylation level of H2AX (H2A histone family, member X) and the percentage of mitotic cells, respectively. RESULTS One rare single-nucleotide polymorphism, rs755187051 in gene FAM175A, c.C727G (p.L243V), was identified in two patients but absent in the 498 controls. The functional experiments demonstrated that overexpression of variant p.L243V in HeLa cells resulted in a similar sensitivity to MMC-induced damage compared with cells transfected with wild-type FAM175A. Moreover, after treatment with MMC, there were no differences in DNA repair capacity and G2-M checkpoint activation between the mutant and wild-type genes. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the p.L243V variant of FAM175A may not be causative for POI. The contribution of FAM175A to POI needs further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Xu
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China; Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Ministry of Education, Center of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yingxin Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shidou Zhao
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yuehong Bian
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yunna Ning
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China
| | - Yingying Qin
- Centre for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology (Shandong University), Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.
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18
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Evaluation of cytogenetic and y chromosome microdeletion analyzes in infertile cases. Meta Gene 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mgene.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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19
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Zhao P, Gu X, Wu H, Deng X. Molecular and cytogenetic analysis of infertile Hakka men with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia in southern China. J Int Med Res 2019; 47:1114-1123. [PMID: 30614339 PMCID: PMC6421395 DOI: 10.1177/0300060518816253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the prevalence of chromosome abnormalities and azoospermia factor (AZF) microdeletions in Hakka men with infertility in southern China. METHODS Hakka male patients, who received clinical counselling for infertility between August 2016 and October 2017, and fertile male controls, were enrolled into this retrospective study. Patients diagnosed with infertility and controls underwent cytogenetic analysis by standard G-banding; AZF microdeletions were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS Out of 918 male patients who received fertility counselling, 57 were diagnosed with infertility due to azoospermia or severe oligozoospermia. Of these infertile patients, 22.81% (13/57) carried chromosome abnormalities, with 47, XXY being the most common abnormal karyotype. In addition, 36.84% (21/57) presented with Y chromosome microdeletions, most frequently in the complete AZFc and partial AZFc region. Duplication of the AZFc region was found in three patients. No AZF microdeletions were found in 60 fertile male controls. CONCLUSION The high AZF microdeletion frequency in the current Hakka population suggests that AZF microdeletion analysis is essential in fertility screening, and combined with cytogenetic analysis, may influence the choice of assisted reproductive techniques and reduce the risk of inherited genetic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingsen Zhao
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Gu
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Heming Wu
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
| | - Xunwei Deng
- 1 Clinical Core Laboratory, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,2 Centre for Precision Medicine, Meizhou People's Hospital (Huangtang Hospital), Meizhou Academy of Medical Sciences, Meizhou Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University, Meizhou, China.,3 Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,4 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Cardiovascular Diseases, Meizhou, China.,5 Meizhou Municipal Engineering and Technology Research Centre for Molecular Diagnostics of Major Genetic Disorders, Meizhou, China.,6 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Clinical Translational Research of Hakka Population, Meizhou, China
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20
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Evaluation of the azoospermic male: a committee opinion. Fertil Steril 2018; 109:777-782. [PMID: 29778371 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2018.01.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this document is to review the current methods of diagnosis and evaluation for men with azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
-
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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DNA Damage and Repair in Human Reproductive Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010031. [PMID: 30577615 PMCID: PMC6337641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental underlying paradigm of sexual reproduction is the production of male and female gametes of sufficient genetic difference and quality that, following syngamy, they result in embryos with genomic potential to allow for future adaptive change and the ability to respond to selective pressure. The fusion of dissimilar gametes resulting in the formation of a normal and viable embryo is known as anisogamy, and is concomitant with precise structural, physiological, and molecular control of gamete function for species survival. However, along the reproductive life cycle of all organisms, both male and female gametes can be exposed to an array of “stressors” that may adversely affect the composition and biological integrity of their proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, that may consequently compromise their capacity to produce normal embryos. The aim of this review is to highlight gamete genome organization, differences in the chronology of gamete production between the male and female, the inherent DNA protective mechanisms in these reproductive cells, the aetiology of DNA damage in germ cells, and the remarkable DNA repair mechanisms, pre- and post-syngamy, that function to maintain genome integrity.
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22
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Utine GE, Şimşek-Kiper PÖ, Akgün-Doğan Ö, Ürel-Demir G, Alanay Y, Aktaş D, Boduroğlu K, Tunçbilek E, Alikaşifoğlu M. Fragile x-associated premature ovarian failure in a large Turkish cohort: Findings of Hacettepe Fragile X Registry. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2017; 221:76-80. [PMID: 29275276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2017.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine frequency of fragile X associated premature ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) among Turkish premutation carriers. STUDY DESIGN FMR1 premutation is the single most common genetic cause of POI (FXPOI). Fragile X Registry at Hacettepe University has been reviewed for the frequency of FXPOI among female premutation carriers. Since 1991 when FMR1 testing was available, 760 individuals from 243 families have been registered. Actual data on menstrual status of female premutation carriers were gathered and analysed. RESULTS Among 314 premutation-bearing females in the cohort, 268 could be reached for an update of their menstrual history; 107 adults were 40 or younger and 156 were older than 40 years of age, whereas the remaining 5 patients were prepubertal. Among 263 postpubertal females with premutations, 90 women stopped menstruating before or at 40 years of age (premature ovarian failure - POF), constituting 34.2% of our cohort. Additionally, one carrier of a gray zone allele experienced FXPOI. History of twinning was present once in 18 women (5.7%) and twice in two women (0.6%), one of the latter interestingly bearing a full-mutation. CONCLUSIONS FXPOI rates in the present cohort are higher than those reported in other populations. Higher FXPOI rates in Turkish premutation carriers might be a reflection of younger mean menopause age and higher POI rates in otherwise healthy Turkish women. Since POI is much more frequent among premutation carriers than in general population, testing for CGG repeat expansions in FMR1 should be included in the work-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gülen Eda Utine
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Pelin Özlem Şimşek-Kiper
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özlem Akgün-Doğan
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem Ürel-Demir
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey; Acibadem University, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Genetics Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Aktaş
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Koray Boduroğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ergül Tunçbilek
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Alikaşifoğlu
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Department of Pediatric Genetics, Ankara, Turkey
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23
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de Sousa Filho EP, Christofolini DM, Barbosa CP, Glina S, Bianco B. Y chromosome microdeletions and varicocele as aetiological factors of male infertility: A cross-sectional study. Andrologia 2017; 50. [PMID: 29265486 DOI: 10.1111/and.12938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenic mechanisms by which varicocele disrupt spermatogenesis are not clearly understood. Over 30% of male infertility cases resulting from spermatogenic problems are associated with genetic abnormalities, and Y chromosome microdeletions are the second most frequent genetic cause. Here, we aimed to evaluate the frequency of Y chromosome microdeletion in infertile men with varicocele. A cross-sectional study comprising 51 infertile men with varicocele presenting spermatogenesis failures was performed. Y chromosome microdeletion research was made using polymerase chain reaction. Of the 51 men with infertility and varicocele, 35.3% (18/51) had nonobstructive azoospermia and 64.7% had severe oligozoospermia. Y chromosome microdeletion was found in two cases (3.9%): one patient had nonobstructive azoospermia and complete microdeletion of the AZFb and AZFc regions, and another patient had severe oligozoospermia and complete microdeletion of the AZFc region. Although in recent years, a genetic aetiology related to Y chromosome microdeletions has become a major cause of infertility in males with spermatogenesis failures, in this study, the varicocele was the clinical cause of seminal abnormalities that could lead to infertility, suggesting that both varicocele and Y chromosome microdeletion aetiologies can present, alone or combined, as factors of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P de Sousa Filho
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - D M Christofolini
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - C P Barbosa
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S Glina
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Surgery, Discipline of Urology, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B Bianco
- Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Department of Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Ramgir SS, Sekar N, Jindam D, V G A. Association of CYP1A1*2A Polymorphism with Idiopathic Non-Obstructive Azoospermia in A South Indian Cohort. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2017; 11:142-147. [PMID: 28868835 PMCID: PMC5582141 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2017.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Infertility is the inability of a couple to conceive after one and a half years
of unprotected sex. Male infertility, which accounts for almost half of infertility cases, is
considered as a major problem all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate
the association of CYP1A1 polymorphisms with idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia
in a South Indian cohort. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was conducted with idiopathic nonobstructive
azoospermia. A total of 120 infertile and 80 fertile samples were collected,
and DNA was then extracted from all samples. The CYP1A1*2A polymorphism genotyping
was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length
polymorphism (RFLP). Results: The genotype distribution of CYP1A1*2A polymorphism showed significant
difference between patients and controls. Moreover, the CC genotype was associated
with decreased risk of idiopathic non-obstructive azoospermia in comparison with the
TT and TC genotypes. Conclusion: The current experimental study identified that the CT genotype of
CYP1A1*2A polymorphism may contribute to the pathogenesis of male infertility in the
South Indian population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalaka S Ramgir
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632014, India
| | - Nishu Sekar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632014, India
| | - Divya Jindam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632014, India
| | - Abilash V G
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), VIT University, Vellore, Tamilnadu-632014, India.
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25
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Nailwal M, Chauhan JB. In silico analysis of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in human DAZL gene associated with male infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2017; 63:248-258. [PMID: 28388287 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2017.1305466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In living systems the most frequent type of genetic mutation is the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) or missense mutations arise in coding regions of a particular gene. nsSNPs result in a single amino acid substitution which may have effects on the structure and/or function of proteins. Spermatogenesis is a complex process where haploid spermatozoa are formed. The deleted in azoospermia like (DAZL) gene has a relationship with male infertility and dysfunction of DAZL may decrease the sperm count which leads to oligozoospermia or azoospermia. Various computational methods were used to analyze the genetic variations of DAZL affecting the structure and/or function. In the present study, N109T was assigned as the most deleterious or disease related nsSNP by SIFT, MutPred, PolyPhen 2.0, I-Mutant, and MuStab tools. The ConSurf tool showed that functional amino acid residues which are conserved in Human DAZL include the N109T nsSNP. The secondary and tertiary structure was predicted using PSIPRED and MUSTER. Our study shows that the N109T variant may directly or indirectly weaken amino acid interactions and hydrogen bond networks of the DAZL protein, which we predicted may result in altered DAZL protein function. Further, computational analysis of free energy change due to this point mutation using GROMOS96 indicated decreased stability of the DAZL protein. The N109T variant in an infertile male population may provide a genetic marker for mutational analysis of DAZL. ABBREVIATIONS DAZL: deleted in azoospermia like; dbSNP: database of single nucleotide polymorphism; nsSNPs: non-synonymous SNPs; AA: amino acid; SIFT: sorting intolerant from tolerant; PolyPhen-2: polymorphism phenotyping v2; MUSTER: multi-sources threader; PDB: protein data bank; MuStab: predicting mutant protein stability change; PSIPRED: PSI-blast based secondary structure prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mili Nailwal
- a P.G. Department of Genetics , Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study & Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Affiliated to Sardar Patel University , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
| | - Jenabhai B Chauhan
- a P.G. Department of Genetics , Ashok & Rita Patel Institute of Integrated Study & Research in Biotechnology and Allied Sciences (ARIBAS), Affiliated to Sardar Patel University , New Vallabh Vidyanagar , Gujarat , India
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Malogajski J, Jansen ME, Ouburg S, Ambrosino E, Terwee CB, Morré SA. The attitudes of Dutch fertility specialists towards the addition of genetic testing in screening of tubal factor infertility. SEXUAL & REPRODUCTIVE HEALTHCARE 2017; 12:123-127. [PMID: 28477924 DOI: 10.1016/j.srhc.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to identify elements perceived by Dutch fertility specialists as barriers and facilitators for the introduction of genetic testing, and their attitudes towards the use of genetic information. The genetic test would be implemented in routine screening for tubal pathology and identifies SNPs relevant for the immune response causing tubal pathology. METHODS Experienced reproductive specialists working in Dutch Academic Hospitals were interviewed. Based on the results of four interviews a questionnaire was developed and used to survey medical doctors in six out of eight Dutch Academic hospitals. RESULTS 60.4% (n=91) stated that the addition of genetic markers to the Chlamydia trachomatis antibody test (CAT) in screening for tubal pathology would increase screening accuracy. 68.2% (n=90) agreed they would require additional training on clinical genetics. Clinical utility (91.2%, n=91) and cost-effectiveness (95.6%, n=91) were recognized by the respondents as important factors in gaining support for the new screening strategy. CONCLUSION In summary, respondents showed a positive attitude towards the implementation of a genetic test combined with CAT for tubal factor infertility (TFI) screening. To gain their support the majority of respondents agreed that clinical utility, specifically cost-effectiveness, is an important factor. Comprehensive research about economic implications and utility regarding the introduction of genomic markers should be the next step in the implementation strategy. Furthermore, education and training would need to be developed and offered to fertility care professionals about genetic markers, their interpretation, and implications for clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelena Malogajski
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen E Jansen
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander Ouburg
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elena Ambrosino
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline B Terwee
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics and the EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Servaas A Morré
- Institute for Public Health Genomics, Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Research Institute GROW, Faculty of Health, Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Maastricht, Maastricht, The Netherlands; Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Tucker EJ, Grover SR, Bachelot A, Touraine P, Sinclair AH. Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: New Perspectives on Genetic Cause and Phenotypic Spectrum. Endocr Rev 2016; 37:609-635. [PMID: 27690531 DOI: 10.1210/er.2016-1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is one form of female infertility, defined by loss of ovarian activity before the age of 40 and characterized by amenorrhea (primary or secondary) with raised gonadotropins and low estradiol. POI affects up to one in 100 females, including one in 1000 before the age of 30. Substantial evidence suggests a genetic basis for POI; however, the majority of cases remain unexplained, indicating that genes likely to be associated with this condition are yet to be discovered. This review discusses the current knowledge of the genetic basis of POI. We highlight genes typically known to cause syndromic POI that can be responsible for isolated POI. The role of mouse models in understanding POI pathogenesis is discussed, and a thorough list of candidate POI genes is provided. Identifying a genetic basis for POI has multiple advantages, such as enabling the identification of presymptomatic family members who can be offered counseling and cryopreservation of eggs before depletion, enabling personalized treatment based on the cause of an individual's condition, and providing better understanding of disease mechanisms that ultimately aid the development of improved treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena J Tucker
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Sonia R Grover
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Anne Bachelot
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Philippe Touraine
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
| | - Andrew H Sinclair
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052 Australia; Department of Paediatrics (E.J.T., S.R.G., A.H.S.), University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia; Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Gynaecology (S.R.G.), Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, (A.B., P.T.), IE3M, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris 6 University, Department of Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Centre de Référence des Maladies Endocriniennes Rares de la Croissance et des Pathologies Gynécologiques Rares, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 75013 Paris, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (A.B., P.T.), 75654 Paris, France
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Heidari S, Hojati Z, Motovali-Bashi M. Screening of Two Neighboring CFTR Mutations in Iranian Infertile Men with Non-Obstructive Azoospermia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FERTILITY & STERILITY 2016; 10:390-394. [PMID: 28042420 PMCID: PMC5134755 DOI: 10.22074/ijfs.2016.4593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The genetic association between cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator
(CFTR) gene mutations and male infertility due to congenital bilateral absence of vas
deferens (CBAVD) is well established. Mutant CFTR, however may also be involved in
the etiology of male infertility in non-CBAVD cases. The present study was conducted
to estimate the frequency of ∆I507 and ∆F508 CFTR gene mutations in Iranian infertile
males. We undertook the first study of association between these CFTR mutations and
non-obstructive azoospermia in Iran.
In this case-control study, 100 fertile healthy fathers and 100 non-obstructive azoospermia’s
men were recruited from Isfahan Infertility Center (IIC) and Sari Saint Mary’s Infertility Center,
between 2008 and 2009. Screening of F508del and I507del mutations was
carried out by the multiplex-ARMS-PCR. Significance of differences in mutation frequencies
between the patient and control groups was assessed by Fisher’s exact test. The
ΔF508 was detected in three patients. However there are no significant association was
found between the presence of this mutated allele and infertility [OR=9.2 (allele-based)
and 7.2 (individual-based), P=0.179]. None of the samples carried the ΔI507 mutation.
Altogether, we show that neither ΔI507 nor ΔF508 is involved in this population of Iranian infertile males with non-obstructive azoospermia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Heidari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zohreh Hojati
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majid Motovali-Bashi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
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Association study of protamine 2 (PRM2) gene polymorphism with male infertility in Chinese Han population. Genes Genomics 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13258-015-0368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Qin Y, Jiao X, Simpson JL, Chen ZJ. Genetics of primary ovarian insufficiency: new developments and opportunities. Hum Reprod Update 2015; 21:787-808. [PMID: 26243799 PMCID: PMC4594617 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmv036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is characterized by marked heterogeneity, but with a significant genetic contribution. Identifying exact causative genes has been challenging, with many discoveries not replicated. It is timely to take stock of the field, outlining the progress made, framing the controversies and anticipating future directions in elucidating the genetics of POI. METHODS A search for original articles published up to May 2015 was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, identifying studies on the genetic etiology of POI. Studies were included if chromosomal analysis, candidate gene screening and a genome-wide study were conducted. Articles identified were restricted to English language full-text papers. RESULTS Chromosomal abnormalities have long been recognized as a frequent cause of POI, with a currently estimated prevalence of 10-13%. Using the traditional karyotype methodology, monosomy X, mosaicism, X chromosome deletions and rearrangements, X-autosome translocations, and isochromosomes have been detected. Based on candidate gene studies, single gene perturbations unequivocally having a deleterious effect in at least one population include Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), Progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1), and Fragile X mental retardation 1 (FMR1) premutation on the X chromosome; Growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), Folliculogenesis specific bHLH transcription factor (FIGLA), Newborn ovary homeobox gene (NOBOX), Nuclear receptor subfamily 5, group A, member 1 (NR5A1) and Nanos homolog 3 (NANOS3) seem likely as well, but mostly being found in no more than 1-2% of a single population studied. Whole genome approaches have utilized genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to reveal loci not predicted on the basis of a candidate gene, but it remains difficult to locate causative genes and susceptible loci were not always replicated. Cytogenomic methods (array CGH) have identified other regions of interest but studies have not shown consistent results, the resolution of arrays has varied and replication is uncommon. Whole-exome sequencing in non-syndromic POI kindreds has only recently begun, revealing mutations in the Stromal antigen 3 (STAG3), Synaptonemal complex central element 1 (SYCE1), minichromosome maintenance complex component 8 and 9 (MCM8, MCM9) and ATP-dependent DNA helicase homolog (HFM1) genes. Given the slow progress in candidate-gene analysis and relatively small sample sizes available for GWAS, family-based whole exome and whole genome sequencing appear to be the most promising approaches for detecting potential genes responsible for POI. CONCLUSION Taken together, the cytogenetic, cytogenomic (array CGH) and exome sequencing approaches have revealed a genetic causation in ∼20-25% of POI cases. Uncovering the remainder of the causative genes will be facilitated not only by whole genome approaches involving larger cohorts in multiple populations but also incorporating environmental exposures and exploring signaling pathways in intragenic and intergenic regions that point to perturbations in regulatory genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Qin
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China
| | - Joe Leigh Simpson
- Research and Global Programs March of Dimes Foundation, White Plains, NY, USA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Zi-Jiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, The Key Laboratory for Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Jinan 250001, China Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200127, China
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to highlight the most important advances in the field of genetics of male infertility, with particular attention to primary articles dealing with the identification of new genetic and epigenetic markers that could be translated into clinical practice in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS Copy number variations (CNVs) of the Y chromosome (gr/gr) deletions could already be included in the diagnostic workup of infertile men, although confirming studies are needed for CNVs on the X chromosome, as well for polymorphisms in some autosomal genes and telomere length in sperm. Methods need to be further standardized before sperm DNA analysis could be included in clinical practice, although they can help in defining some forms of idiopathic infertility. Epigenetic biomarkers are potentially important in elucidating the cause of idiopathic male infertility. Polymorphisms in FSHB/FSHR could be used in clinical practice to diagnose some forms of male infertility and as a pharmacogenetic marker for FSH treatment. SUMMARY New genetic causes and genetic risk factors have been identified in recent years and new technologies for genomic and postgenomic analyses (arrays, next-generation sequencing, proteomics, metabolomics, global methylome analysis and so on) are promising research fields. It is presumed that some of these genetic and epigenetic tests will be introduced in clinical practice in the near future.
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Simpson JL. Genetics of female infertility due to anomalies of the ovary and mullerian ducts. Methods Mol Biol 2014; 1154:39-73. [PMID: 24782005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0659-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Genetic factors are pivotal in reproductive development and subsequent reproductive processes. If disturbed, infertility can occur. In the female, genetic factors affecting the ovary and the uterus are not uncommon causes of infertility. Terminal deletions on the X long arm and X short arm and X chromosomal mosaicism have long been accepted as causes of premature ovarian failure (POF). Responsible genes on the X have not yet elucidated. Attractive candidate genes for POF also exist on autosomes, and in over a dozen genes molecular perturbations are documented in non-syndromic POF. The most common single-gene cause of POF is premutation carriers for FMR1 (fragile X syndrome). As other candidate genes and additional ethnic groups are interrogated, the proportion of POF cases due to single-gene mutation will increase. Among uterine anomalies, incomplete mullerian fusion is most common. Increased recurrence risks for first-degree relatives confirm a role for genetic factors; interrogation of candidate genes is under way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Leigh Simpson
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, AHC2 693, Miami, FL, 33199, USA,
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Dell'Edera D, Benedetto M, Gadaleta G, Carone D, Salvatore D, Angione A, Gallo M, Milo M, Pisaturo ML, Di Pierro G, Mazzone E, Epifania AA. Analysis of cystic fibrosis gene mutations in children with cystic fibrosis and in 964 infertile couples within the region of Basilicata, Italy: a research study. J Med Case Rep 2014; 8:339. [PMID: 25304080 PMCID: PMC4196456 DOI: 10.1186/1752-1947-8-339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cystic fibrosis is the most common autosomal recessive genetic disease in the Caucasian population. Extending knowledge about the molecular pathology on the one hand allows better delineation of the mutations in the CFTR gene and the other to dramatically increase the predictive power of molecular testing. METHODS This study reports the results of a molecular screening of cystic fibrosis using DNA samples of patients enrolled from January 2009 to December 2013. Patients were referred to our laboratory for cystic fibrosis screening for infertile couples. In addition, we identified the gene mutations present in 76 patients affected by cystic fibrosis in the pediatric population of Basilicata. RESULTS In the 964 infertile couples examined, 132 subjects (69 women and 63 men) resulted heterozygous for one of the CFTR mutations, with a recurrence of carriers of 6.85%. The recurrence of carriers in infertile couples is significantly higher from the hypothetical value of the general population (4%). CONCLUSIONS This study shows that in the Basilicata region of Italy the CFTR phenotype is caused by a small number of mutations. Our aim is to develop a kit able to detect not less than 96% of CTFR gene mutations so that the relative risk for screened couples is superimposable with respect to the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Dell'Edera
- Unit of Cytogenetics and Molecular Genetics, 'Maddonna delle Grazie Hospital', street Cattedra Ambulante, 75100 Matera, Italy.
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Harper J, Geraedts J, Borry P, Cornel MC, Dondorp WJ, Gianaroli L, Harton G, Milachich T, Kaariainen H, Liebaers I, Morris M, Sequeiros J, Sermon K, Shenfield F, Skirton H, Soini S, Spits C, Veiga A, Vermeesch JR, Viville S, de Wert G, Macek M. Current issues in medically assisted reproduction and genetics in Europe: research, clinical practice, ethics, legal issues and policy. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1603-9. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Tarín JJ, García-Pérez MA, Cano A. Assisted reproductive technology results: Why are live-birth percentages so low? Mol Reprod Dev 2014; 81:568-83. [DOI: 10.1002/mrd.22340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Tarín
- Department of Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Valencia; Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Miguel A. García-Pérez
- Research Unit-INCLIVA; Hospital Clínico de Valencia; Burjassot Valencia Spain
- Department of Genetics; Faculty of Biological Sciences; University of Valencia; Burjassot Valencia Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics; Obstetrics and Gynecology; Faculty of Medicine; University of Valencia; Valencia Spain
- Service of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University Hospital Dr. Peset; Valencia Spain
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Hotaling J, Carrell DT. Clinical genetic testing for male factor infertility: current applications and future directions. Andrology 2014; 2:339-50. [PMID: 24711280 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00200.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2014] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis involves the aggregated action of up to 2300 genes, any of which, could, potentially, provide targets for diagnostic tests of male factor infertility. Contrary to the previously proposed common variant hypothesis for common diseases such as male infertility, genome-wide association studies and targeted gene sequencing in cohorts of infertile men have identified only a few gene polymorphisms that are associated with male infertility. Unfortunately, the search for genetic variants associated with male infertility is further hampered by the lack of viable animal models of human spermatogenesis, difficulty in robustly phenotyping infertile men and the complexity of pedigree studies in male factor infertility. In this review, we describe basic genetic principles involved in understanding the genetic basis of male infertility and examine the utility and proper clinical use of the proven genetic assays of male factor infertility, specifically Y chromosome microdeletions, chromosomal translocations, karyotype, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator mutation analysis and sperm genetic tests. Unfortunately, these tests are only able to diagnose the cause of about 20% of male factor infertility. The remainder of the review will be devoted to examining novel tests and diagnostic tools that have the potential to explain the other 80% of male factor infertility that is currently classified as idiopathic. Those tests include epigenetic analysis of the spermatozoa and the evaluation of rare genetic variants and copy number variations in patients. Success in advancing to the implementation of such areas is not only dependent on technological advances in the laboratory, but also improved phenotyping in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hotaling
- Department of Surgery (Urology), University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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Fang J, Wang S, Wang H, Zhang S, Su S, Song Z, Deng Y, Qian J, Gu J, Liu B, Cao J, Wang Z. The Cytochrome P4501A1 gene polymorphisms and idiopathic male infertility risk: A meta-analysis. Gene 2014; 535:93-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Revised: 10/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
Natural selection defined by differential survival and reproduction of individuals in populations is influenced by genetic, developmental, and environmental factors operating at every age and stage in human life history: generation of gametes, conception, birth, maturation, reproduction, senescence, and death. Biological systems are built upon a hierarchical organization nesting subcellular organelles, cells, tissues, and organs within individuals, individuals within families, and families within populations, and the latter among other populations. Natural selection often acts simultaneously at more than one level of biological organization and on specific traits, which we define as multilevel selection. Under this model, the individual is a fundamental unit of biological organization and also of selection, imbedded in a larger evolutionary context, just as it is a unit of medical intervention imbedded in larger biological, cultural, and environmental contexts. Here, we view human health and life span as necessary consequences of natural selection, operating at all levels and phases of biological hierarchy in human life history as well as in sociological and environmental milieu. An understanding of the spectrum of opportunities for natural selection will help us develop novel approaches to improving healthy life span through specific and global interventions that simultaneously focus on multiple levels of biological organization. Indeed, many opportunities exist to apply multilevel selection models employed in evolutionary biology and biodemography to improving human health at all hierarchical levels. Multilevel selection perspective provides a rational theoretical foundation for a synthesis of medicine and evolution that could lead to discovering effective predictive, preventive, palliative, potentially curative, and individualized approaches in medicine and in global health programs.
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Harper JC, Geraedts J, Borry P, Cornel MC, Dondorp W, Gianaroli L, Harton G, Milachich T, Kääriäinen H, Liebaers I, Morris M, Sequeiros J, Sermon K, Shenfield F, Skirton H, Soini S, Spits C, Veiga A, Vermeesch JR, Viville S, de Wert G, Macek M. Current issues in medically assisted reproduction and genetics in Europe: research, clinical practice, ethics, legal issues and policy. European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. Eur J Hum Genet 2013; 21 Suppl 2:S1-21. [PMID: 24225486 PMCID: PMC3831061 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2013.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In March 2005, a group of experts from the European Society of Human Genetics and European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology met to discuss the interface between genetics and assisted reproductive technology (ART), and published an extended background paper, recommendations and two Editorials. Seven years later, in March 2012, a follow-up interdisciplinary workshop was held, involving representatives of both professional societies, including experts from the European Union Eurogentest2 Coordination Action Project. The main goal of this meeting was to discuss developments at the interface between clinical genetics and ARTs. As more genetic causes of reproductive failure are now recognised and an increasing number of patients undergo testing of their genome before conception, either in regular health care or in the context of direct-to-consumer testing, the need for genetic counselling and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) may increase. Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) thus far does not have evidence from randomised clinical trials to substantiate that the technique is both effective and efficient. Whole-genome sequencing may create greater challenges both in the technological and interpretational domains, and requires further reflection about the ethics of genetic testing in ART and PGD/PGS. Diagnostic laboratories should be reporting their results according to internationally accepted accreditation standards (International Standards Organisation - ISO 15189). Further studies are needed in order to address issues related to the impact of ART on epigenetic reprogramming of the early embryo. The legal landscape regarding assisted reproduction is evolving but still remains very heterogeneous and often contradictory. The lack of legal harmonisation and uneven access to infertility treatment and PGD/PGS fosters considerable cross-border reproductive care in Europe and beyond. The aim of this paper is to complement previous publications and provide an update of selected topics that have evolved since 2005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce C Harper
- UCL Centre for PG&D, Institute for Womens Health, University College London, London, UK
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Mokánszki A, Ujfalusi A, Balogh E, Molnár Z, Sápy T, Jakab A, Varga A, Oláh E. [Citogenetic and molecular genetic studies in infertility in eastern Hungary]. Orv Hetil 2013; 154:52-61. [PMID: 23291203 DOI: 10.1556/oh.2013.29510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In developed countries 10-15% of the couples are affected by infertility. In half of them genetic factors can be identified. AIMS We studied genetic alterations in infertility in Hungarian patients. METHODS Cyogenetic analyses were performed in 195 females and 305 males. In 17 females FMR1 mutations, in 150 males Y microdeletions, and aneuploidy were studied in the sperm of 28 males. In a carrier male sperm meiotic segregation was studied. RESULTS The most common aberrations in females were X chromosome aneuploidia and inversion (3.6%), while the same in males Klinefelter-syndrome (3.3%) and autosomal translocations (2%). In two females FMR1 premutation was found. While Y microdeletions were identified only in azoospermic and severe oligozoospermic men, partial microdeletions could also be detected in normozoospermic males. A higher aberration rate was found in cases with abnormality in both the number and motility of sperm. In a male patient with 46,XY,t(3;6)(q21;q23) karyotype, 53.2% of spem carried unbalanced chromosome assortment. CONCLUSIONS Knowledge of abnormalities may help in genetic counseling and choosing the most effective reproduction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Mokánszki
- Debreceni Egyetem, Orvos- és Egészségtudományi Centrum Gyermekgyógyászati Intézet, Klinikai Genetikai Központ Debrecen Nagyerdei krt. 98. 4032
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Massin N, Bry H, Vija L, Maione L, Constancis E, Haddad B, Morel Y, Claessens F, Young J. Healthy birth after testicular extraction of sperm and ICSI from an azoospermic man with mild androgen insensitivity syndrome caused by an androgen receptor partial loss-of-function mutation. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 77:593-8. [PMID: 22469007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2012.04402.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The androgen receptor (AR) is essential for the development and maintenance of the male phenotype, and for spermatogenesis. Mutations in the AR gene cause a wide variety of androgen insensitivity syndromes (AIS), ranging from complete feminization to phenotypic males with infertility. OBJECTIVE We report the first birth achieved after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) with sperm from an azoospermic man with an AR mutation associated with mild AIS (MAIS). PATIENTS AND METHODS A couple with primary infertility was referred to our centre. The man had azoospermia with testicular hypotrophy and an undervirilized phenotype despite a normal plasma testosterone level. His androgen sensitivity index and serum anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were elevated, pointing to AIS. Molecular analysis of the AR gene revealed a point mutation resulting in an F754S substitution (renumbered F755S in the 2012 McGill University AR gene database), in the ligand-binding domain of the protein, and further analysis indicated impaired receptor function. RESULTS After genetic counselling of the couple, oocytes were retrieved after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, and sperm were obtained simultaneously by testicular extraction for ICSI. Nine embryos were obtained. Two were transferred and two were suitable for cryopreservation. A pregnancy was obtained and a healthy girl, carrying the F754S AR mutation, was born at 37 weeks of gestation. AR and AMH were detected by immunohistochemistry in the patient's testicular specimens. AMH immuno-staining was intense in tubules without spermatogenesis and weak in those with ongoing spermatogenesis. CONCLUSION A healthy child can be obtained by testicular extraction and ICSI despite azoospermia in MAIS. The parents must be informed of the X-linked transmission of the mutation to their descendants. The relationship between AR signalling, testicular AMH expression and spermatogenesis in this patient is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Massin
- Centre d'Assistance Médicale à la Procréation, Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal, Université Paris 12, Créteil, France
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Son SB, Chun JM, Kim KA, Ko SY, Lee YK, Shin SM. A case report on 30-week premature twin babies with congenital myotonic dystrophy conceived by in vitro fertilization. J Korean Med Sci 2012; 27:1269-72. [PMID: 23091329 PMCID: PMC3468768 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2012.27.10.1269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) presents severe generalized weakness, hypotonia, and respiratory compromise after delivery with high mortality and poor prognosis. We presented a congenital DM1 of premature twins in the 30th week of gestation. These twins were conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). Both babies presented apnea and hypotonia and had characteristic facial appearance. They were diagnosed DM1 by genetic method. They were complicated by chylothorax and expired at 100 and 215 days of age, respectively. Mother was diagnosed DM1 during the evaluation of babies. This is the first report on congenital DM1 which accompanied the chylothorax. More investigation on the association with chylothorax and congenital DM1 is recommended. With a case of severe neonatal hypotonia, congenital DM1 should be differentiated in any gestational age. Finally, since DM1 is a cause of infertility, we should consider DM1 in infertility clinic with detailed history and physical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Bin Son
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Mi Chun
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Ah Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Young Ko
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon Kyung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Son Moon Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Cheil General Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center and College of Medicine, Kwandong University, Seoul, Korea
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Tang M, Wang S, Wang W, Cao Q, Qin C, Liu B, Li P, Zhang W. The glutathione-S-transferase gene polymorphisms (GSTM1 and GSTT1) and idiopathic male infertility risk: a meta-analysis. Gene 2012; 511:218-23. [PMID: 23026209 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Published data on the association between male infertility and the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) gene polymorphism are inclusive. To drive a more precise estimation, we performed a meta-analysis based on 1897 cases and 1785 controls from 15 published case-control studies. PubMed and CBMdisc literature research were conducted to identify all eligible studies investigating such a relationship. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the strength of the association. In the overall analysis, the frequency of glutathione-S-transferase Mu-1 (GSTM1) null genotype was significantly associated with susceptibility to idiopathic male infertility. In further stratified analysis by sperm concentration of the case group, no significantly increased risk of azoospermia was found in either GSTM1 null or glutathione-S-transferase Theta-1 (GSTT1) null genotype. Compared with a significant relationship between GSTM1 null genotype and oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT), GSTT1 null genotype was not associated with the OAT risk. Additionally, a subgroup analysis on ethnicity showed no notable association between the polymorphism and the risk of idiopathic male infertility in any of GSTM1 null and GSTT1 null genotype, neither in Asian nor in European populations. In conclusion, these results support that the GSTM1 null genotype mainly contributes to idiopathic male infertility susceptibility, particularly to OAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
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Cavkaytar S, Batioglu S, Gunel M, Ceylaner S, Karaer A. Genetic evaluation of severe male factor infertility in Turkey: a cross-sectional study. HUM FERTIL 2012; 15:100-6. [PMID: 22524445 DOI: 10.3109/14647273.2012.685923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the frequency, types of chromosomal abnormalities and Y chromosome microdeletions in patients with severe male factor infertility, and the association between clinical background and genetic abnormality. STUDY DESIGN A total of 322 infertile men; 136 men with severe oligozoospermia (sperm count <5 million/ml) and 196 with nonobstructive azoospermia were studied between April 2004 and November 2006 at the Dr. Zekai Tahir Burak Women's Health Education and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Blood, semen samples, and testicular biopsies of patients were obtained. Hormonal analysis (follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels), semen analysis, karyotype analysis, and PCR screening for Y chromosome microdeletions were performed. RESULT(S) Forty-eight out of 332 (14%) infertile men had a genetic abnormality. Twenty-four (7.2%) cases with karyotype abnormality were detected. The frequencies of karyotype abnormalities were Klinefelter's syndrome 17/24 (71%), translocation 3/24 (12%), mix gonadal dysgenesis 2/24 (8%), XX male 1/24 (4%), and 46XYY 1/24 (4%). Twenty cases (6%) infertile men had only Y chromosome microdeletions. The frequencies of the deleted areas were azoospermia factor (AZF)c 42%, AZFb 25%, AZFa 21%, AZFb, c 8%, and AZFa, c 4%. Four of the cases with Y chromosome microdeletions also had a concurrent karyotype abnormality. CONCLUSION(S) All patients with nonobstructive azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia (sperm count <5 million/ml) should undergo genetic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabri Cavkaytar
- Kecioren Education and Research Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Dul EC, van Echten-Arends J, Groen H, Dijkhuizen T, Land JA, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA. Chromosomal abnormalities in azoospermic and non-azoospermic infertile men: numbers needed to be screened to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes. Hum Reprod 2012; 27:2850-6. [PMID: 22740498 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/des222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION How many infertile men who wish to conceive need to be screened for chromosomal abnormalities to prevent one miscarriage or the birth of one child with congenital anomalies (CAs)? SUMMARY ANSWER In azoospermic men, the prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities is 15.2% and the number needed to be screened (NNS; minimum-maximum estimate) for a miscarriage is 80-88 and for a child with CAs is 790-3951. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in non-azoospermic men is 2.3% and the NNS are 315-347 and 2543-12 723, respectively. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Guidelines advise the screening of infertile men for chromosomal abnormalities to prevent miscarriages and children with congenital abnormalities, but no studies have been published on the effectiveness of this screening strategy. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Retrospective cohort study of 1223 infertile men between 1994 and 2007. PARTICIPANTS, SETTING, METHODS Men with azoospermia and men eligible for ICSI treatment visiting a university hospital fertility clinic in The Netherlands who underwent chromosomal analysis between 1994 and 2007 were identified retrospectively in a registry. Only cases of which at least one sperm analysis was available were included. Data were collected by chart review, with a follow-up of pregnancies and their outcomes until 2010. The chromosomal abnormalities were categorized according to their risk of unbalanced offspring, i.e. miscarriage and/or child with CAs. Multi-level analysis was used to estimate the impact of chromosomal abnormalities on the outcome of pregnancies in the different subgroups of our cohort. NNS for miscarriages and children with CAs were calculated based on data from our cohort and data published in the literature. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE A chromosomal abnormality was found in 12 of 79 men with azoospermia (15.2%) and in 26 of 1144 non-azoospermic men (2.3%). The chromosomal abnormalities were categorized based on the literature, into abnormalities with and abnormalities without increased risk for miscarriage and/or child with CAs. In our study group, there was no statistically significant difference between the subgroups with and without increased risk respectively, regarding the frequency of children born with CAs (1/20; 5.0% versus 1/14; 7.1%), miscarriage (9/20; 45.0% versus 2/14; 14.3%) or unaffected liveborn children (9/20; 45.0% versus 9/14; 64.3%). The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities with a theoretically increased risk of unbalanced progeny was 1.0% in non-azoospermic men and 3.8% in men with azoospermia. For the calculation of the NNS, the risk of an adverse pregnancy outcome in our cohort was compared with the incidence ranges of miscarriage and children with CAs in the general population. The number of azoospermic men that needs to be screened to prevent one miscarriage (80-88) or one child with CAs (790-3951) was considerably lower compared with the NNS in the non-azoospermic group (315-347 and 2543-12 723, respectively). LIMITATIONS, REASON FOR CAUTION The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in infertile men is low, and although we included 1223 men, our conclusions are based on a small number (38) of abnormal karyotypes. As there are no large series on outcomes of pregnancies in infertile men with chromosomal abnormalities, our conclusions had to be partly based on assumptions derived from the literature. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Based on the NNS calculated in our study, screening for chromosomal abnormalities is recommended in all azoospermic men. In non-azoospermic infertile men, screening might be limited to men with an additional risk factor (e.g. a history of recurrent miscarriage or a positive family history for recurrent miscarriage or children with CAs). The NNS can be used in future cost-effectiveness studies and the evaluation of current guidelines on karyotyping infertile men.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C Dul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), CB 35, PO Box 30001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands. :
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Weiss J, Hurley LA, Harris RM, Finlayson C, Tong M, Fisher LA, Moran JL, Beier DR, Mason C, Jameson JL. ENU mutagenesis in mice identifies candidate genes for hypogonadism. Mamm Genome 2012; 23:346-55. [PMID: 22258617 PMCID: PMC3358541 DOI: 10.1007/s00335-011-9388-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Genome-wide mutagenesis was performed in mice to identify candidate genes for male infertility, for which the predominant causes remain idiopathic. Mice were mutagenized using N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU), bred, and screened for phenotypes associated with the male urogenital system. Fifteen heritable lines were isolated and chromosomal loci were assigned using low-density genome-wide SNP arrays. Ten of the 15 lines were pursued further using higher-resolution SNP analysis to narrow the candidate gene regions. Exon sequencing of candidate genes identified mutations in mice with cystic kidneys (Bicc1), cryptorchidism (Rxfp2), restricted germ cell deficiency (Plk4), and severe germ cell deficiency (Prdm9). In two other lines with severe hypogonadism, candidate sequencing failed to identify mutations, suggesting defects in genes with previously undocumented roles in gonadal function. These genomic intervals were sequenced in their entirety and a candidate mutation was identified in SnrpE in one of the two lines. The line harboring the SnrpE variant retains substantial spermatogenesis despite small testis size, an unusual phenotype. In addition to the reproductive defects, heritable phenotypes were observed in mice with ataxia (Myo5a), tremors (Pmp22), growth retardation (unknown gene), and hydrocephalus (unknown gene). These results demonstrate that the ENU screen is an effective tool for identifying potential causes of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Weiss
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E. Superior Street, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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Mafra FA, Christofolini DM, Bianco B, Gava MM, Glina S, Belangero SIN, Barbosa CP. Chromosomal and molecular abnormalities in a group of Brazilian infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia attending an infertility service. Int Braz J Urol 2012; 37:244-50; discussion 250-1. [PMID: 21557841 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-55382011000200011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the frequency of genetic alterations in a population of Brazilian infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of a group of 143 infertile men with severe oligozoospermia or non-obstructive azoospermia from the Andrology Outpatient Clinic of the Human Reproduction Service at the ABC School of Medicine. Of these patients, 100 had severe oligozoospermia, and 43 non-obstructive azoospermia. All patients underwent a genetic study which included karyotype analysis and Y-microdeletion investigation. RESULTS Genetic abnormalities were found in 18.8% of the studied patients. Chromosomal abnormalities were found in 6.2% of the patients, being more prevalent in the azoospermia group (11.6%) than in the oligozoospermia group (4%). Chromosomal variants were found in 8.3%, and Y-chromosome microdeletions in 4.2% of patients. CONCLUSION The high frequency of genetic alterations (18.8%) in our series justified performing a genetic investigation in a population with idiopathic infertility, as results may help determine the prognosis, as well as the choice of an assisted reproduction technique. Moreover, a genetic investigation could minimize the risk of transmitting genetic abnormalities to future generations such as genetic male infertility, mental retardation, genital ambiguity and/or birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda A Mafra
- Division of Pathological Gynecology and Human Reproduction, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Santo Andre, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Dul EC, Groen H, van Ravenswaaij-Arts CMA, Dijkhuizen T, van Echten-Arends J, Land JA. The prevalence of chromosomal abnormalities in subgroups of infertile men. Hum Reprod 2011; 27:36-43. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Association between male infertility and genetic variability at the PON1/2 and GSTM1/T1 gene loci. Reprod Biomed Online 2011; 23:105-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2011.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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