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Cui Y, Zhang Y, Dai S, Wan S, Guan H, Wang D, Jin B, Xiao W, Liu F. The mechanism of 14-3-3η in thyroxine induced mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 590:112271. [PMID: 38759835 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2024.112271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Hyperthyroidism is becoming increasingly important as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, eventually resulting in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. The 14-3-3 protein family subtypes regulate many cellular processes in eukaryotes by interacting with a diverse array of client proteins. Considering that the 14-3-3η protein protects cardiomyocytes by affecting mitochondrial function, exploring the biological influence and molecular mechanisms by which 14-3-3η alleviates the cardiac hypertrophy of hyperthyroidism is imperative. In vivo and in vitro, RT-PCR, Western blot, and Mitochondrial tracking assay were performed to understand the molecular mechanism of thyroxine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. HE staining, transmission electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence were used to observe intuitively changes of hearts and cardiomyocytes. The in vivo and in vitro results indicated that overexpression of the 14-3-3η ameliorated thyroxine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, whereas knockdown of the 14-3-3η protein aggravated thyroxine-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Additionally, overexpression of the 14-3-3η protein reduces thyroxine-induced mitochondrial damage and mitophagy in cardiomyocytes. Overexpression of 14-3-3η protein improves excessive mitophagy in the myocardium caused by thyroxine and thus prevents cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Cui
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; Clinical Pathology Department, The Second People's Hospital of China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443600, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Songsong Dai
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Sha Wan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Heng Guan
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Decai Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Key Laboratory of Pulmonary Diseases of Health Ministry, Key Site of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Beifang Jin
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Wenping Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China; Center of Diabetic Systems Medicine, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Excellence, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi, 541004, China.
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2
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Low ZY, Yip AJW, Chan AML, Choo WS. 14-3-3 Family of Proteins: Biological Implications, Molecular Interactions, and Potential Intervention in Cancer, Virus and Neurodegeneration Disorders. J Cell Biochem 2024; 125:e30624. [PMID: 38946063 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 family of proteins are highly conserved acidic eukaryotic proteins (25-32 kDa) abundantly present in the body. Through numerous binding partners, the 14-3-3 is responsible for many essential cellular pathways, such as cell cycle regulation and gene transcription control. Hence, its dysregulation has been linked to the onset of critical illnesses such as cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and viral infections. Interestingly, explorative studies have revealed an inverse correlation of 14-3-3 protein in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, and the direct manipulation of 14-3-3 by virus to enhance infection capacity has dramatically extended its significance. Of these, COVID-19 has been linked to the 14-3-3 proteins by the interference of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein during virion assembly. Given its predisposition towards multiple essential host signalling pathways, it is vital to understand the holistic interactions between the 14-3-3 protein to unravel its potential therapeutic unit in the future. As such, the general structure and properties of the 14-3-3 family of proteins, as well as their known biological functions and implications in cancer, neurodegeneration, and viruses, were covered in this review. Furthermore, the potential therapeutic target of 14-3-3 proteins in the associated diseases was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yao Low
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ashley Jia Wen Yip
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alvin Man Lung Chan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wee Sim Choo
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Chakraborty G, Patra N. Elucidating the Molecular Basis of 14-3-3 Interaction with α-Synuclein: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations and the Design of a Novel Protein-Protein Interaction Inhibitor. J Phys Chem B 2024. [PMID: 38857533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.4c01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a widespread age-related neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain along with the appearance of protein aggregates, termed as "Lewy bodies" in the surviving neuronal cells. The components of Lewy bodies include proteins such as α-synuclein, 14-3-3, Parkin, and LRRK2, along with other cellular organelles, which, in their native state, perform a plethora of vital biological functions within the human biome. Formation of these aggregates renders these components inactive, thereby interfering with homeostasis. In this regard, the current study attempts to investigate the complexation behavior of all human-based 14-3-3 isoforms with α-synuclein via a combination of classical and enhanced sampling techniques and thereby determine the causality of these protein-protein interactions. The study indicated that upon complexation, the aggregation propensity of both 14-3-3 and α-synuclein increases, and this increment is propelled by the interfacial residues on either protein. Furthermore, mutagenesis studies revealed that Lys214 of 14-3-3 (henceforth termed K214A) is crucial for the formation of this binary complex. Principal component analysis combined with clustering studies unveiled the stability of these complexes in terms of their conformational distribution across the entire MD trajectory. For K214A, these clustered states were sparsely located, thereby making the transitions between them slightly difficult. Dynamic cross-correlation maps (DCCM) revealed the role of residues in the range 80-130 of 14-3-3 having a potential allosteric role in driving this complexation process. Finally, a novel peptide-based supramolecular inhibitor was designed, which exhibited higher proficiency in limiting the 14-3-3/α-synuclein interaction compared to the previous inhibitor model. It was also revealed that the presence of this inhibitor induces structural rigidity in α-synuclein, making changes in its conformations extremely difficult, as observed through Umbrella Sampling studies. Based on available information, the current study provides an insight into the molecular-level understanding of protein-protein interactions underlying Parkinson's disease and adds on to the methods of devising novel therapeutic approaches to treat the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
| | - Niladri Patra
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, Dhanbad 826004, India
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M, Riederer P. Toxic interactions between dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, and genes in mitochondria of Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2024; 131:639-661. [PMID: 38196001 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-023-02730-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by its distinct pathological features; loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta and accumulation of Lewy bodies and Lewy neurites containing modified α-synuclein. Beneficial effects of L-DOPA and dopamine replacement therapy indicate dopamine deficit as one of the main pathogenic factors. Dopamine and its oxidation products are proposed to induce selective vulnerability in dopamine neurons. However, Parkinson's disease is now considered as a generalized disease with dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. The pathogenic factors include oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, α-synuclein accumulation, programmed cell death, impaired proteolytic systems, neuroinflammation, and decline of neurotrophic factors. This paper presents interactions among dopamine, α-synuclein, monoamine oxidase, its inhibitors, and related genes in mitochondria. α-Synuclein inhibits dopamine synthesis and function. Vice versa, dopamine oxidation by monoamine oxidase produces toxic aldehydes, reactive oxygen species, and quinones, which modify α-synuclein, and promote its fibril production and accumulation in mitochondria. Excessive dopamine in experimental models modifies proteins in the mitochondrial electron transport chain and inhibits the function. α-Synuclein and familiar Parkinson's disease-related gene products modify the expression and activity of monoamine oxidase. Type A monoamine oxidase is associated with neuroprotection by an unspecific dose of inhibitors of type B monoamine oxidase, rasagiline and selegiline. Rasagiline and selegiline prevent α-synuclein fibrillization, modulate this toxic collaboration, and exert neuroprotection in experimental studies. Complex interactions between these pathogenic factors play a decisive role in neurodegeneration in PD and should be further defined to develop new therapies for Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Peter Riederer
- Clinical Neurochemistry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Abdi G, Jain M, Patil N, Upadhyay B, Vyas N, Dwivedi M, Kaushal RS. 14-3-3 proteins-a moonlight protein complex with therapeutic potential in neurological disorder: in-depth review with Alzheimer's disease. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1286536. [PMID: 38375509 PMCID: PMC10876095 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1286536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects millions of people worldwide and is a gradually worsening neurodegenerative condition. The accumulation of abnormal proteins, such as tau and beta-amyloid, in the brain is a hallmark of AD pathology. 14-3-3 proteins have been implicated in AD pathology in several ways. One proposed mechanism is that 14-3-3 proteins interact with tau protein and modulate its phosphorylation, aggregation, and toxicity. Tau is a protein associated with microtubules, playing a role in maintaining the structural integrity of neuronal cytoskeleton. However, in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD), an abnormal increase in its phosphorylation occurs. This leads to the aggregation of tau into neurofibrillary tangles, which is a distinctive feature of this condition. Studies have shown that 14-3-3 proteins can bind to phosphorylated tau and regulate its function and stability. In addition, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to interact with beta-amyloid (Aβ), the primary component of amyloid plaques in AD. 14-3-3 proteins can regulate the clearance of Aβ through the lysosomal degradation pathway by interacting with the lysosomal membrane protein LAMP2A. Dysfunction of lysosomal degradation pathway is thought to contribute to the accumulation of Aβ in the brain and the progression of AD. Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins have been found to be downregulated in the brains of AD patients, suggesting that their dysregulation may contribute to AD pathology. For example, decreased levels of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid have been suggested as a biomarker for AD. Overall, these findings suggest that 14-3-3 proteins may play an important role in AD pathology and may represent a potential therapeutic target for the disease. However, further research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms underlying the involvement of 14-3-3 proteins in AD and to explore their potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamareza Abdi
- Department of Biotechnology, Persian Gulf Research Institute, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Mukul Jain
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nil Patil
- Cell and Developmental Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bindiya Upadhyay
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Nigam Vyas
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Manish Dwivedi
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Radhey Shyam Kaushal
- Department of Life Sciences, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
- Biophysics and Structural Biology Laboratory, Research and Development Cell, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Kor A, Yalçın M, Erten Ş, Maraş Y, Oğuz EF, Doğan İ, Atalar E, Başer S, Erel Ö. 14-3-3η Proteins as a Diagnostic Marker, Disease Activation Indicator, and Lymphoma Predictor in Patients with Primary Sjögren Syndrome. ARCHIVES OF IRANIAN MEDICINE 2023; 26:582-591. [PMID: 38310415 PMCID: PMC10862092 DOI: 10.34172/aim.2023.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren syndrome (PSS) is a chronic, autoimmune, and lymphoproliferative disease of the connective tissue. In patients with PSS, the risk of developing B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) increases dramatically, with a prevalence of approximately 5%. The 14-3-3 protein isoforms are phospho-serin/phospho-threonine binding proteins associated with many malignant diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between disease activity parameters and markers predicting lymphoma development in patients with PSS and 14-3-3η proteins. METHODS This study was designed as an analytical case-control study. A total of 57 PSS patients and 54 healthy volunteers were included in the study. The European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI) was used to assess systemic disease activity in PSS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was used to test the diagnostic accuracy measures of the analytical results. Multivariable linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the effects of independent variables on the 14-3-3η protein. RESULTS The 14-3-3η protein serum levels were found to be significantly higher in PSS (2.72 [2.04-4.07]) than healthy controls (1.73 [1.41-2.43]) (P<0.0001). A significant relationship was found between 14-3-3η protein levels and ESSDAI group (β=0.385, 95%CI=0.318-1.651, P=0.005), hypocomplementemia (C3 or C4) (β=0.223, 95% CI=0.09-1.983, P=0.048) and purpura (β=0.252, 95% CI=0.335-4.903, P=0.022), which are accepted as lymphoma predictors. A significant correlation was found between PSS disease activity score ESSDAI and 14-33η protein (β=0.496, 95% CI=0.079-0.244, P=0.0002). CONCLUSION 14-3-3η proteins are potential candidates for diagnostic marker, marker of disease activity, and predictor of lymphoma in PSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Kor
- Department of Rheumatology, Aksaray Education and Research Hospital, Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Merve Yalçın
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Şükran Erten
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yüksel Maraş
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Fırat Oğuz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - İsmail Doğan
- Department of Rheumatology, Faculty of Medicine Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ebru Atalar
- Department of Rheumatology, Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Salih Başer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özcan Erel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Ankara Bilkent City Hospital, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Turkey
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Vinueza-Gavilanes R, Bravo-González JJ, Basurco L, Boncristiani C, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E, Marcilla I, Pérez-Mediavilla A, Luquin MR, Vales A, González-Aseguinolaza G, Aymerich MS, Aragón T, Arrasate M. Stabilization of 14-3-3 protein-protein interactions with Fusicoccin-A decreases alpha-synuclein dependent cell-autonomous death in neuronal and mouse models. Neurobiol Dis 2023:106166. [PMID: 37245833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Synucleinopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases without effective treatment characterized by the abnormal aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn) protein. Changes in levels or in the amino acid sequence of aSyn (by duplication/triplication of the aSyn gene or point mutations in the encoding region) cause familial cases of synucleinopathies. However, the specific molecular mechanisms of aSyn-dependent toxicity remain unclear. Increased aSyn protein levels or pathological mutations may favor abnormal protein-protein interactions (PPIs) that could either promote neuronal death or belong to a coping response program against neurotoxicity. Therefore, the identification and modulation of aSyn-dependent PPIs can provide new therapeutic targets for these diseases. To identify aSyn-dependent PPIs we performed a proximity biotinylation assay based on the promiscuous biotinylase BioID2. When expressed as a fusion protein, BioID2 biotinylates by proximity stable and transient interacting partners, allowing their identification by streptavidin affinity purification and mass spectrometry. The aSyn interactome was analyzed using BioID2-tagged wild-type (WT) and pathological mutant E46K aSyn versions in HEK293 cells. We found the 14-3-3 epsilon isoform as a common protein interactor for WT and E46K aSyn. 14-3-3 epsilon correlates with aSyn protein levels in brain regions of a transgenic mouse model overexpressing WT human aSyn. Using a neuronal model in which aSyn cell-autonomous toxicity is quantitatively scored by longitudinal survival analysis, we found that stabilization of 14-3-3 protein-proteins interactions with Fusicoccin-A (FC-A) decreases aSyn-dependent toxicity. Furthermore, FC-A treatment protects dopaminergic neuronal somas in the substantia nigra of a Parkinson's disease mouse model. Based on these results, we propose that the stabilization of 14-3-3 epsilon interaction with aSyn might reduce aSyn toxicity, and highlight FC-A as a potential therapeutic compound for synucleinopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Vinueza-Gavilanes
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Jorge Juan Bravo-González
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Leyre Basurco
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
| | | | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Proteored-Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Navarra Health Department, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Irene Marcilla
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Alberto Pérez-Mediavilla
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Rosario Luquin
- Department of Neurology, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Africa Vales
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Gloria González-Aseguinolaza
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - María Soledad Aymerich
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biochemistry and Genetics Department, School of Sciences, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Tomás Aragón
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Montserrat Arrasate
- Gene Therapy and Regulation of Gene Expression Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA (Navarra Institute for Health Research), Pamplona, Spain.
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Hsieh CH, Chou CC, Fang YC, Hsu PH, Chiu YH, Yang CS, Jow GM, Tang CY, Jeng CJ. 14-3-3 proteins regulate cullin 7-mediated Eag1 degradation. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:18. [PMID: 36717938 PMCID: PMC9885684 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-00969-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in the human gene encoding the neuron-specific Eag1 (KV10.1; KCNH1) potassium channel are linked to congenital neurodevelopmental diseases. Disease-causing mutant Eag1 channels manifest aberrant gating function and defective protein homeostasis. Both the E3 ubiquitin ligase cullin 7 (Cul7) and the small acid protein 14-3-3 serve as binding partners of Eag1. Cul7 mediates proteasomal and lysosomal degradation of Eag1 protein, whereas over-expression of 14-3-3 notably reduces Eag1 channel activity. It remains unclear whether 14-3-3 may also contribute to Eag1 protein homeostasis. RESULTS In human cell line and native rat neurons, disruptions of endogenous 14-3-3 function with the peptide inhibitor difopein or specific RNA interference up-regulated Eag1 protein level in a transcription-independent manner. Difopein hindered Eag1 protein ubiquitination at the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, effectively promoting the stability of both immature and mature Eag1 proteins. Suppression of endogenous 14-3-3 function also reduced excitotoxicity-associated Eag1 degradation in neurons. Difopein diminished Cul7-mediated Eag1 degradation, and Cul7 knock-down abolished the effect of difopein on Eag1. Inhibition of endogenous 14-3-3 function substantially perturbed the interaction of Eag1 with Cul7. Further structural analyses suggested that the intracellular Per-Arnt-Sim (PAS) domain and cyclic nucleotide-binding homology domain (CNBHD) of Eag1 are essential for the regulatory effect of 14-3-3 proteins. Significantly, suppression of endogenous 14-3-3 function reduced Cul7-mediated degradation of disease-associated Eag1 mutant proteins. CONCLUSION Overall these results highlight a chaperone-like role of endogenous 14-3-3 proteins in regulating Eag1 protein homeostasis, as well as a therapeutic potential of 14-3-3 modulators in correcting defective protein expression of disease-causing Eag1 mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Heng Hsieh
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Chia-Cheng Chou
- grid.36020.370000 0000 8889 3720National Laboratory Animal Center, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ching Fang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Po-Hao Hsu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chiu
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Chi-Sheng Yang
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Guey-Mei Jow
- grid.256105.50000 0004 1937 1063School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yung Tang
- grid.19188.390000 0004 0546 0241Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 100 Taiwan
| | - Chung-Jiuan Jeng
- grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ,grid.260539.b0000 0001 2059 7017Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pathways to Parkinson's disease: a spotlight on 14-3-3 proteins. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2021; 7:85. [PMID: 34548498 PMCID: PMC8455551 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-021-00230-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3s represent a family of highly conserved 30 kDa acidic proteins. 14-3-3s recognize and bind specific phospho-sequences on client partners and operate as molecular hubs to regulate their activity, localization, folding, degradation, and protein-protein interactions. 14-3-3s are also associated with the pathogenesis of several diseases, among which Parkinson's disease (PD). 14-3-3s are found within Lewy bodies (LBs) in PD patients, and their neuroprotective effects have been demonstrated in several animal models of PD. Notably, 14-3-3s interact with some of the major proteins known to be involved in the pathogenesis of PD. Here we first provide a detailed overview of the molecular composition and structural features of 14-3-3s, laying significant emphasis on their peculiar target-binding mechanisms. We then briefly describe the implication of 14-3-3s in the central nervous system and focus on their interaction with LRRK2, α-Synuclein, and Parkin, three of the major players in PD onset and progression. We finally discuss how different types of small molecules may interfere with 14-3-3s interactome, thus representing a valid strategy in the future of drug discovery.
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14-3-3-protein regulates Nedd4-2 by modulating interactions between HECT and WW domains. Commun Biol 2021; 4:899. [PMID: 34294877 PMCID: PMC8298602 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02419-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural precursor cell expressed developmentally down-regulated 4 ligase (Nedd4-2) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets proteins for ubiquitination and endocytosis, thereby regulating numerous ion channels, membrane receptors and tumor suppressors. Nedd4-2 activity is regulated by autoinhibition, calcium binding, oxidative stress, substrate binding, phosphorylation and 14-3-3 protein binding. However, the structural basis of 14-3-3-mediated Nedd4-2 regulation remains poorly understood. Here, we combined several techniques of integrative structural biology to characterize Nedd4-2 and its complex with 14-3-3. We demonstrate that phosphorylated Ser342 and Ser448 are the key residues that facilitate 14-3-3 protein binding to Nedd4-2 and that 14-3-3 protein binding induces a structural rearrangement of Nedd4-2 by inhibiting interactions between its structured domains. Overall, our findings provide the structural glimpse into the 14-3-3-mediated Nedd4-2 regulation and highlight the potential of the Nedd4-2:14-3-3 complex as a pharmacological target for Nedd4-2-associated diseases such as hypertension, epilepsy, kidney disease and cancer. Pohl et al. investigated the structural basis of Nedd4-2 regulation by 14-3-3 and found that phosphorylated Ser342 and Ser448 are the main residues that facilitate 14-3-3 binding to Nedd4-2. The authors propose that the Nedd4-2:14-3-3 complex then stimulates a structural rearrangement of Nedd4-2 through inhibiting interaction of its structured domains.
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Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are mostly expressed in the brain and are closely involved in numerous brain functions and various brain disorders. Among the isotypes of the 14-3-3 proteins, 14-3-3γ is mainly expressed in neurons and is highly produced during brain development, which could indicate that it has a significance in neural development. Furthermore, the distinctive levels of temporally and locally regulated 14-3-3γ expression in various brain disorders suggest that it could play a substantial role in brain plasticity of the diseased states. In this review, we introduce the various brain disorders reported to be involved with 14-3-3γ, and summarize the changes of 14-3-3γ expression in each brain disease. We also discuss the potential of 14-3-3γ for treatment and the importance of research on specific 14-3-3 isotypes for an effective therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsil Cho
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
| | - Jae-Yong Park
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul 02708, Korea
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12
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Sengupta A, Liriano J, Bienkiewicz EA, Miller BG, Frederich JH. Probing the 14-3-3 Isoform-Specificity Profile of Protein-Protein Interactions Stabilized by Fusicoccin A. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:25029-25035. [PMID: 33043180 PMCID: PMC7542595 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fusicoccin A (FC) is a fungal phytotoxin that stabilizes protein-protein interactions (PPIs) between 14-3-3 adapter proteins and their phosphoprotein interaction partners. Recently, FC has emerged as an important chemical probe of human 14-3-3 PPIs involved in cancer and neurobiology. These previous studies have established the structural requirements for FC-induced stabilization of 14-3-3·client phosphoprotein complexes; however, the effect of 14-3-3 isoforms on FC activity remains underexplored. This is a relevant question for the continued development of FC variants because there are seven isoforms of 14-3-3 in humans. Despite their sequence and structural similarities, a growing body of experimental evidence supports both tissue-specific expression of 14-3-3 isoforms and isoform-specific functions in vivo. Herein, we interrogate the isoform-specificity profile of FC in vitro using recombinant 14-3-3 isoforms and a library of fluorescein-labeled hexaphosphopeptides mimicking the C-terminal recognition domains of client proteins that are characterized targets of FC in vivo. Our results reveal modest isoform preferences for individual client phospholigands and demonstrate that FC differentially stabilizes PPIs involving 14-3-3σ. Together, these data support the feasibility of developing FC variants with enhanced isoform selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Sengupta
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United
States
| | - Josue Liriano
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United
States
| | - Ewa A. Bienkiewicz
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Florida State University, 1115 West Call Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United
States
| | - Brian G. Miller
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United
States
| | - James H. Frederich
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State
University, 95 Chieftan Way, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United
States
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Lee SH, Du J, Hwa J, Kim WH. Parkin Coordinates Platelet Stress Response in Diabetes Mellitus: A Big Role in a Small Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5869. [PMID: 32824240 PMCID: PMC7461561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased platelet activation and apoptosis are characteristic of diabetic (DM) platelets, where a Parkin-dependent mitophagy serves a major endogenous protective role. We now demonstrate that Parkin is highly expressed in both healthy platelets and diabetic platelets, compared to other mitochondria-enriched tissues such as the heart, muscle, brain, and liver. Abundance of Parkin in a small, short-lived anucleate cell suggest significance in various key processes. Through proteomics we identified 127 Parkin-interacting proteins in DM platelets and compared them to healthy controls. We assessed the 11 highest covered proteins by individual IPs and confirmed seven proteins that interacted with Parkin; VCP/p97, LAMP1, HADHA, FREMT3, PDIA, ILK, and 14-3-3. Upon further STRING analysis using GO and KEGG, interactions were divided into two broad groups: targeting platelet activation through (1) actions on mitochondria and (2) actions on integrin signaling. Parkin plays an important role in mitochondrial protection through mitophagy (VCP/p97), recruiting phagophores, and targeting lysosomes (with LAMP1). Mitochondrial β-oxidation may also be regulated by the Parkin/HADHA interaction. Parkin may regulate platelet aggregation and activation through integrin signaling through interactions with proteins like FREMT3, PDIA, ILK, and 14-3-3. Thus, platelet Parkin may regulate the protection (mitophagy) and stress response (platelet activation) in DM platelets. This study identified new potential therapeutic targets for platelet mitochondrial dysfunction and hyperactivation in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si 28159, Chungbuk, Korea;
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (J.D.); (J.H.)
| | - Jing Du
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (J.D.); (J.H.)
| | - John Hwa
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; (J.D.); (J.H.)
| | - Won-Ho Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Center for Biomedical Sciences, National Institute of Health, Cheongju-si 28159, Chungbuk, Korea;
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Joshi N, Raveendran A, Nagotu S. Chaperones and Proteostasis: Role in Parkinson's Disease. Diseases 2020; 8:diseases8020024. [PMID: 32580484 PMCID: PMC7349525 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8020024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Proper folding to attain a defined three-dimensional structure is a prerequisite for the functionality of a protein. Improper folding that eventually leads to formation of protein aggregates is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative disorders. Loss of protein homeostasis triggered by cellular stress conditions is a major contributing factor for the formation of these toxic aggregates. A conserved class of proteins called chaperones and co-chaperones is implicated in maintaining the cellular protein homeostasis. Expanding the body of evidence highlights the role of chaperones as central mediators in the formation, de-aggregation and degradation of the aggregates. Altered expression and function of chaperones is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease. Several studies indicate that chaperones are at the center of the cause and effect cycle of this disease. An overview of the various chaperones that are associated with homeostasis of Parkinson’s disease-related proteins and their role in pathogenicity will be discussed in this review.
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15
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Abstract
Discovery of Park2 is our finding of a family of young onset parkinsonism, in which this family was thought to be associated with a polymorphism of the manganese superoxide gene. The gene locus of the manganese superoxide dismutase has been known. We were able to pick up a gene for this family and related families in the close approximate position at the long arm of chromosome 6. The gene for this disease has a ubiquitin-like motif in the N-terminus and two RING finger structures. It was shown that this gene had a ubiquitin-protein ligase activity. But it is not elucidated the substrate of this enzyme. Meanwhile, it has become clear that PINK1 and Parkin work together to remove the mitochondria of the lowered membrane potential in the autophagosomes (mitophagy). Now that the molecular mechanisms of mitophagy is under investigation. In addition, many hot topics are going on such as Lewy body in Park2, single heterozygotes, rare clinical manifestations, and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikuni Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Japan; Department of Neurology, Tokyo Clinic Japan.
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Xiao D, Chang W, Ding W, Wang Y, Fa H, Wang J. Enhanced mitophagy mediated by the YAP/Parkin pathway protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Toxicol Lett 2020; 330:96-107. [PMID: 32434049 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2020.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The clinical usage of Doxorubicin (DOX) is limited due to its cardiotoxicity. Although the precise mechanism remains unclear, there is an increasing body of evidence that has demonstrated that mitophagy is responsible for DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. In the present study, Parkin, a key protein for mitophagy initiation, was revealed to be downregulated in mouse hearts and in H9c2 cells upon DOX treatment. Enforced expression of Parkin led to mitophagy activation and attenuated cell apoptosis in H9c2 cells. Parkin transgenic mice inhibited DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Furthermore, Yes-associatd protein, as a transcription co-activator, regulated the gene expression of Parkin, and in turn Parkin overexpression protected against cell apoptosis induced by DOX treatment. Taken together, enhanced mitophagy mediated by YAP/Parkin pathway protects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity in mouse heart. These studies revealed the complex pathological process of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and provided novel insight into potential chemotherapy targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Xiao
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Wenguang Chang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
| | - Wei Ding
- Affiliated Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Hongge Fa
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Jianxun Wang
- School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China; Institute for Translational Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, China.
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Gu Q, Cuevas E, Raymick J, Kanungo J, Sarkar S. Downregulation of 14-3-3 Proteins in Alzheimer’s Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2019; 57:32-40. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-019-01754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Qiu Y, Shan W, Yang Y, Jin M, Dai Y, Yang H, Jiao R, Xia Y, Liu Q, Ju L, Huang G, Zhang J, Yang L, Li L, Li Y. Reversal of sorafenib resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma: epigenetically regulated disruption of 14-3-3η/hypoxia-inducible factor-1α. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:120. [PMID: 31341646 PMCID: PMC6642098 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0200-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib resistance is one of the main obstacles to the treatment of advanced/recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, sorafenib-resistant HCC cells and xenografts in nude mice were used as experimental models. A cohort of patients with advanced recurrent HCC who were receiving sorafenib therapy was used to assess the clinical significance of this therapy. Our data showed that 14-3-3η maintained sorafenib resistance in HCC. An analysis of the underlying molecular mechanisms revealed that 14-3-3η stabilizes hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) through the inhibition of ubiquitin-dependent proteasome protein degradation, which leads to the maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. We further found that microRNA-16 (miR-16) is a competent miRNA that reverses sorafenib resistance by targeting the 3'-UTR of 14-3-3η and thereby inhibits 14-3-3η/HIF-1α/CSC properties. In HCC patients, significant negative correlations were found between the expression of miR-16 and 14-3-3η, HIF-1α, or CSC properties. Further analysis showed that low miR-16 expression but high 14-3-3η expression can prognosticate sorafenib resistance and poor survival. Collectively, our present study indicated that miR-16/14-3-3η is involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC and that these two factors could be potential therapeutic targets and biomarkers for predicting the response to sorafenib treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Qiu
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Wenqi Shan
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Ye Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Ming Jin
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yi Dai
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Hanyu Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Ruonan Jiao
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Yunwei Xia
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Qinqiang Liu
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Liang Ju
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Guangming Huang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Jianping Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Department of Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011 China
| | - Lei Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
| | - Yuan Li
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Cancer Biomarkers, Prevention and Treatment, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166 China
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Fan X, Cui L, Zeng Y, Song W, Gaur U, Yang M. 14-3-3 Proteins Are on the Crossroads of Cancer, Aging, and Age-Related Neurodegenerative Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143518. [PMID: 31323761 PMCID: PMC6678932 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory adaptor molecules which are expressed in all eukaryotic cells. These proteins participate in a variety of intracellular processes by recognizing specific phosphorylation motifs and interacting with hundreds of target proteins. Also, 14-3-3 proteins act as molecular chaperones, preventing the aggregation of unfolded proteins under conditions of cellular stress. Furthermore, 14-3-3 proteins have been shown to have similar expression patterns in tumors, aging, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, we put forward the idea that the adaptor activity and chaperone-like activity of 14-3-3 proteins might play a substantial role in the above-mentioned conditions. Interestingly, 14-3-3 proteins are considered to be standing at the crossroads of cancer, aging, and age-related neurodegenerative diseases. There are great possibilities to improve the above-mentioned diseases and conditions through intervention in the activity of the 14-3-3 protein family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Fan
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lang Cui
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yao Zeng
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhao Song
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Uma Gaur
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Mingyao Yang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
- Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Song J, Zhang X, Liao Z, Liang H, Chu L, Dong W, Zhang X, Ge Q, Liu Q, Fan P, Zhang Z, Zhang B. 14-3-3ζ inhibits heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) degradation and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma proliferation: involvement of STAT3 signaling. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2019; 38:3. [PMID: 30606233 PMCID: PMC6319010 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-1007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) has been reported to be very important in the pathogenesis or progression of multiple types of cancer. Identification of novel hmox1 binding proteins may reveal undefined oncogenes, tumor suppressors, signaling pathways, and possible treatment targets. Methods Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analyses were used to identify novel regulators of HO-1. The association of the 14–3-3ζ protein with HO-1 and modulation of the stability of HO-1 were investigated by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, western blotting, and quantitative RT-PCR. Degradation and in vivo ubiquitination assays were utilized to examine whether 14–3-3ζ stabilizes the HO-1 protein by inhibiting its ubiquitination. The effect of 14–3-3ζ on proliferation was investigated by function assays conducted in vitro using the CCK-8 and colony formation assays and in vivo in a xenograft mouse model. The biological functions of the 14–3-3ζ/HO-1 axis were demonstrated by western blotting and rescue experiments. Using gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies, we further clarified the impact of 14–3-3ζ/HO-1 complex on the signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway in cancer cells. Results We identified 14–3-3ζ as a novel HO-1 binding protein. The binding inhibited the ubiquitination and proteasome-mediated degradation of HO-1, thus facilitating its stabilization. Enforced expression of 14–3-3ζ significantly promoted cell proliferation in vitro, as well as tumorigenesis in vivo, while 14–3-3ζ knockdown had opposite effects. The data indicated that 14–3-3ζ can stabilize HO-1 expression and thus influence cancer cell proliferation. We further demonstrated the involvement of the STAT3 pathway in 14–3-3ζ/HO-1 regulation of hepatocellular carcinoma cell proliferation. Conclusions Collectively, these data show that 14–3-3ζ regulates the stability of HO-1 to promote cancer cell proliferation and STAT3 signaling activation. The data establish the 14–3-3ζ-HO-1-STAT3 axis as an important regulatory mechanism of cancer cell growth and implicate HO-1 and 14–3-3ζ as potential therapeutic targets in hepatocellular carcinoma. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-1007-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaochao Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhibin Liao
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Huifang Liang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Liang Chu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Wei Dong
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xuewu Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qianyun Ge
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Qiumeng Liu
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Pan Fan
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China.,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Zhanguo Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Hubei Province for the Clinical Medicine Research Center of Hepatic Surgery, Wuhan, 430030, China. .,Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Deng Y, Jiang B, Rankin CL, Toyo-Oka K, Richter ML, Maupin-Furlow JA, Moskovitz J. Methionine sulfoxide reductase A (MsrA) mediates the ubiquitination of 14-3-3 protein isotypes in brain. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 129:600-607. [PMID: 30096435 PMCID: PMC6249068 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The methionine sulfoxide reductase (Msr) system is known for its function in reducing protein-methionine sulfoxide to methionine. Recently, we showed that one member of the Msr system, MsrA, is involved in the ubiquitination-like process in Archaea. Here, the mammalian MsrA is demonstrated to mediate the ubiquitination of the 14-3-3 zeta protein and to promote the binding of 14-3-3 proteins to alpha synuclein in brain. MsrA was also found to enhance the ubiquitination and phosphorylation of Ser129 of alpha synuclein in brain. Furthermore, we demonstrate that, similarly to the archaeal MsrA, the mammalian MsrA can compete for capturing ubiquitin using the same active site it contains for methionine sulfoxide binding. Based on our previous observations showing that MsrA knockout mice have elevated expression levels of dopamine and 14-3-3 zeta and our current data, we propose that MsrA-dependent 14-3-3 zeta ubiquitination affects the regulation of alpha synuclein degradation and dopamine synthesis in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Deng
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Beichen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Carolyn L Rankin
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Kazuhito Toyo-Oka
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Room 186, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Mark L Richter
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Julie A Maupin-Furlow
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Room 186, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA
| | - Jackob Moskovitz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0700, USA.
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14-3-3 Proteins Reduce Cell-to-Cell Transfer and Propagation of Pathogenic α-Synuclein. J Neurosci 2018; 38:8211-8232. [PMID: 30093536 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1134-18.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
α-Synuclein (αsyn) is the key protein that forms neuronal aggregates in the neurodegenerative disorders Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. Recent evidence points to the prion-like spread of αsyn from one brain region to another. Propagation of αsyn is likely dependent on release, uptake, and misfolding. Under normal circumstances, this highly expressed brain protein functions normally without promoting pathology, yet the underlying endogenous mechanisms that prevent αsyn spread are not understood. 14-3-3 proteins are highly expressed brain proteins that have chaperone function and regulate protein trafficking. In this study, we investigated the potential role of the 14-3-3 proteins in the regulation of αsyn spread using two models of αsyn spread. In a paracrine αsyn model, 14-3-3θ promoted release of αsyn complexed with 14-3-3θ. Despite higher amounts of released αsyn, extracellular αsyn showed reduced oligomerization and seeding capability, reduced internalization, and reduced toxicity in primary mixed-gender mouse neurons. 14-3-3 inhibition reduced the amount of αsyn released, yet released αsyn was more toxic and demonstrated increased oligomerization, seeding capability, and internalization. In the preformed fibril model, 14-3-3 θ reduced αsyn aggregation and neuronal death, whereas 14-3-3 inhibition enhanced αsyn aggregation and neuronal death in primary mouse neurons. 14-3-3s blocked αsyn spread to distal chamber neurons not exposed directly to fibrils in multichamber, microfluidic devices. These findings point to 14-3-3s as a direct regulator of αsyn propagation, and suggest that dysfunction of 14-3-3 function may promote αsyn pathology in PD and related synucleinopathies.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Transfer of misfolded aggregates of α-synuclein from one brain region to another is implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. This process is dependent on active release, internalization, and misfolding of α-synuclein. 14-3-3 proteins are highly expressed chaperone proteins that interact with α-synuclein and regulate protein trafficking. We used two different models in which toxicity is associated with cell-to-cell transfer of α-synuclein to test whether 14-3-3s impact α-synuclein toxicity. We demonstrate that 14-3-3θ reduces α-synuclein transfer and toxicity by inhibiting oligomerization, seeding capability, and internalization of α-synuclein, whereas 14-3-3 inhibition accelerates the transfer and toxicity of α-synuclein in these models. Dysfunction of 14-3-3 function may be a critical mechanism by which α-synuclein propagation occurs in disease.
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PICK1 inhibits the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of Parkin and reduces its neuronal protective effect. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E7193-E7201. [PMID: 29987020 PMCID: PMC6064985 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716506115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin functions as a multipurpose E3 ubiquitin ligase, and Parkin loss of function is associated with both sporadic and familial Parkinson's disease (PD). We report that the Bin/Amphiphysin/Rvs (BAR) domain of protein interacting with PRKCA1 (PICK1) bound to the really interesting new gene 1 (RING1) domain of Parkin and potently inhibited the E3 ligase activity of Parkin by disrupting its interaction with UbcH7. Parkin translocated to damaged mitochondria and led to their degradation in neurons, whereas PICK1 robustly inhibited this process. PICK1 also impaired the protective function of Parkin against stresses in SH-SY5Y cells and neurons. The protein levels of several Parkin substrates were reduced in young PICK1-knockout mice, and these mice were resistant to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-mediated toxicity. Taken together, the results indicate that PICK1 is a potent inhibitor of Parkin, and the reduction of PICK1 enhances the protective effect of Parkin.
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Abstract
Mutations in the gene encoding leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are known today as the most common genetic cause of Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 is a large protein that is hypothesized to regulate other proteins as a scaffold in downstream signaling pathways. This is supported by the multiple domain composition of LRRK2 with several protein-protein interaction domains combined with kinase and GTPase activity. LRRK2 is highly phosphorylated at sites that are strictly controlled by upstream regulators, including its own kinase domain. In cultured cells, most pathogenic mutants display increased autophosphorylation at S1292, but decreased phosphorylation at sites controlled by other kinases. We only begin to understand how LRRK2 phosphorylation is regulated and how this impacts its physiological and pathological function. Intriguingly, LRRK2 kinase inhibition, currently one of the most prevailing disease-modifying therapeutic strategies for PD, induces LRRK2 dephosphorylation at sites that are also dephosphorylated in pathogenic variants. In addition, LRRK2 kinase inhibition can induce LRRK2 protein degradation, which might be related to the observed inhibitor-induced adverse effects on the lung in rodents and non-human primates, as it resembles the lung pathology in LRRK2 knock-out animals. In this review, we will provide an overview of how LRRK2 phosphorylation is regulated and how this complex regulation relates to several molecular and cellular features of LRRK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina De Wit
- 1 Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Baekelandt
- 1 Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evy Lobbestael
- 1 Laboratory for Neurobiology and Gene Therapy, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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25
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Grimaldo L, Sandoval A, Garza-López E, Felix R. Involvement of Parkin in the ubiquitin proteasome system-mediated degradation of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185289. [PMID: 28957379 PMCID: PMC5619756 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
N-type calcium (CaV2.2) channels are widely expressed in the brain and the peripheral nervous system, where they play important roles in the regulation of transmitter release. Although CaV2.2 channel expression levels are precisely regulated, presently little is known regarding the molecules that mediate its synthesis and degradation. Previously, by using a combination of biochemical and functional analyses, we showed that the complex formed by the light chain 1 of the microtubule-associated protein 1B (LC1-MAP1B) and the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) E2 enzyme UBE2L3, may interact with the CaV2.2 channels promoting ubiquitin-mediated degradation. The present report aims to gain further insights into the possible mechanism of degradation of the neuronal CaV2.2 channel by the UPS. First, we identified the enzymes UBE3A and Parkin, members of the UPS E3 ubiquitin ligase family, as novel CaV2.2 channel binding partners, although evidence to support a direct protein-protein interaction is not yet available. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the interaction between UBE3A and Parkin with CaV2.2 channels heterologously expressed in HEK-293 cells and in neural tissues. Parkin, but not UBE3A, overexpression led to a reduced CaV2.2 protein level and decreased current density. Electrophysiological recordings performed in the presence of MG132 prevented the actions of Parkin suggesting enhanced channel proteasomal degradation. Together these results unveil a novel functional coupling between Parkin and the CaV2.2 channels and provide a novel insight into the basic mechanisms of CaV channels protein quality control and functional expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Grimaldo
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Sandoval
- Faculty of Superior Studies Iztacala, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Edgar Garza-López
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Felix
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Cinvestav-IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
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Abstract
Nearly 20 years have passed since we identified the causative gene for a familial Parkinson's disease, parkin (now known as PARK2), in 1998. PARK2 is the most common gene responsible for young-onset Parkinson's disease. It codes for the protein Parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase (PARK2), which directly links to the ubiquitin-proteasome as a ubiquitin ligase. PARK2 is involved in mitophagy, which is a type of autophagy, in collaboration with PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1). The PINK1 gene (previously known as PARK6) is also a causative gene for young-onset Parkinson's disease. Both gene products may be involved in regulating quality control within the mitochondria. The discovery of PARK2 as a cause of young-onset Parkinson's disease has had a major impact on other neurodegenerative diseases. The involvement of protein degradation systems has been implicated as a common mechanism for neurodegenerative diseases in which inclusion body formation is observed. The discovery of the involvement of PARK2 in Parkinson's disease focused attention on the involvement of protein degradation systems in neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we focus on the history of the discovery of PARK2, the clinical phenotypes of patients with PARK2 mutations, and its functional roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Yoshikuni Mizuno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
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27
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McFerrin MB, Chi X, Cutter G, Yacoubian TA. Dysregulation of 14-3-3 proteins in neurodegenerative diseases with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:466-477. [PMID: 28695147 PMCID: PMC5497531 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The highly conserved 14‐3‐3 proteins interact with key players involved in Parkinson's disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. We recently demonstrated that 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation is increased in PD models and that increased 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation reduces the neuroprotective effects of 14‐3‐3 proteins. Here, we investigated whether 14‐3‐3 phosphorylation is altered in postmortem brains from control, PD, Alzheimer's Disease (AD), Alzheimer's with Lewy Bodies (ADLB), Dementia with Lewy Bodies (DLB), and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) subjects at three conserved sites: serine 58 (S58), serine 185 (S185), and serine 232 (S232). Methods S58, S185, and S232 phosphorylation was measured by western blot analysis of Triton X‐100 soluble and insoluble fractions from postmortem temporal cortex. Results The ratio of soluble phospho‐S232 to insoluble phospho‐S232 was reduced by 32%, 60%, 37%, and 52% in PD, AD, ADLB, and DLB, respectively. S185 and S58 phosphorylation were mildly elevated in the soluble fraction in DLB. We also noted a dramatic reduction in soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels by ~35% in AD, ADLB, and DLB. Lower ratios of soluble to insoluble S232 phosphorylation (pointing to higher insoluble pS232) correlated with lower soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels, suggesting that S232 phosphorylation may promote insolubilization of 14‐3‐3s. The phospho‐S232 ratio and soluble pan 14‐3‐3 levels correlated with clinical and pathological severity. Interpretation These data reveal dysregulation of 14‐3‐3 proteins in neurodegeneration associated with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology. S232 phosphorylation may drive insolubilization of 14‐3‐3s and thus contribute to the pathophysiology in neurodegenerative disorders associated with Lewy body or Alzheimer pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael B McFerrin
- Department of Neurology Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Xiaofei Chi
- Department of Biostatics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama.,Present address: Department of Biostatistics University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas
| | - Gary Cutter
- Department of Biostatics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
| | - Talene A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama
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28
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Structural interface between LRRK2 and 14-3-3 protein. Biochem J 2017; 474:1273-1287. [PMID: 28202711 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20161078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Binding of 14-3-3 proteins to leucine-rich repeat protein kinase 2 (LRRK2) is known to be impaired by many Parkinson's disease (PD)-relevant mutations. Abrogation of this interaction is connected to enhanced LRRK2 kinase activity, which in turn is implicated in increased ubiquitination of LRRK2, accumulation of LRRK2 into inclusion bodies and reduction in neurite length. Hence, the interaction between 14-3-3 and LRRK2 is of significant interest as a possible drug target for the treatment of PD. However, LRRK2 possesses multiple sites that, upon phosphorylation, can bind to 14-3-3, thus rendering the interaction relatively complex. Using biochemical assays and crystal structures, we characterize the multivalent interaction between these two proteins.
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Tang YF, Zhang YB, Feng XD, Lin SH, Qiao N, Sun ZY, Zhou WP. Role of 14-3-3 proteins in human diseases. Shijie Huaren Xiaohua Zazhi 2017; 25:509-520. [DOI: 10.11569/wcjd.v25.i6.509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of highly conserved small proteins. By interacting with target proteins, 14-3-3 proteins are involved in regulating multiple cellular processes, such as signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, cellular metabolism, cytoskeleton organization and malignant transformation. Mounting evidence suggests that 14-3-3 proteins play an important role in a wide variety of human diseases, such as human cancers and nervous system diseases. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on the expression, regulation and biological function of 14-3-3 to highlight the role of 14-3-3 proteins in human diseases.
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30
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Sluchanko NN, Gusev NB. Moonlighting chaperone‐like activity of the universal regulatory 14‐3‐3 proteins. FEBS J 2017; 284:1279-1295. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai N. Sluchanko
- Laboratory of Structural Biochemistry of Proteins A. N. Bach Institute of Biochemistry Federal Research Center of Biotechnology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Nikolai B. Gusev
- Department of Biochemistry School of Biology Moscow State University Russia
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31
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Xie H, Hu H, Chang M, Huang D, Gu X, Xiong X, Xiong R, Hu L, Li G. Identification of chaperones in a MPP +-induced and ATRA/TPA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cell PD model. Am J Transl Res 2016; 8:5659-5671. [PMID: 28078037 PMCID: PMC5209517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the pathological accumulation of misfolded proteins. Molecular chaperones assist in the proper folding of proteins and removal of irreversibly misfolded proteins. This study aims to identify potential chaperones associated with protein misfolding and accumulation in PD. ATRA/TPA-differentiated SH-SY5Y cells were treated with 1 mM of MPP+ for 48 hours. Proteins were analyzed by 2D-DIGE followed by MALDI-ToF MS. The treatment of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells by MPP+ led to the unambiguous identification of 10 protein spots, which corresponds to six proteins. Among these six proteins, four were chaperone proteins including nucleophosmin (NPM1), chaperonin-containing TCP-1 subunit 2 (CCT2 or CCTβ), heat shock 90 kDa protein 1 beta (HSP90AB1 or HSP90-β), and tyrosin3/tryptopha5-monoxygenase activation protein, zeta polypeptide (14-3-3ζ, gene symbol: Ywhaz). To our knowledge, this is the first report that linked the upregulation of chaperones after MPP+ treatment with SH-SY5Y cells. However, the NPM1 protein was identified for the first time in the PD model. The upregulation of four chaperone proteins provided evidence that these chaperones have a complementary effect on protein misfolding in the pathogenesis of PD, and hold promise as a good therapeutic target for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongrong Xie
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Ming Chang
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityShanghai 130021, P. R. China
| | - Dongya Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobo Gu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Xinli Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Ran Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
| | - Linsen Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin UniversityShanghai 130021, P. R. China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghai 200120, P. R. China
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Brehm N, Rau K, Kurz A, Gispert S, Auburger G. Age-Related Changes of 14-3-3 Isoforms in Midbrain of A53T-SNCA Overexpressing Mice. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2016; 5:595-604. [PMID: 26406140 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-150606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by loss of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, which are affected by cytoplasmic inclusions, named Lewy pathology. The main component is alpha-synuclein (SNCA), a protein modulating SNARE-complex dependent neurotransmission. SNCA mutations trigger dominantly inherited PD variants and sporadic cases of PD via aggregation and transmission. SNCA and isoforms of the 14-3-3 family show sequence homology, protein interaction and joint aggregation, so 14-3-3 s may be key molecules of pathogenesis. OBJECTIVE We aimed to identify the relevant isoforms in midbrain and to distinguish for the first time the changes that occur very early versus those that progress with pathology. METHODS We assessed expression of the 14-3-3 family with quantitative RT-PCR and immunoblots of differential solubility fractions in mice with A53T-SNCA overexpression longitudinally at different ages. RESULTS Transcript levels showed reductions at age 3 months with increases at later ages for the beta, eta and zeta isoforms. Protein levels at age 3 months exhibited a concordant reduction only for beta, while increased insolubility was observed for epsilon and zeta. At age 18 months only the reduction of 14-3-3 beta protein remained significant. Thus, the toxic gain-of-function of alpha-synuclein leads to early transitory alterations of several 14-3-3 isoforms. When the levels of soluble 14-3-3 proteins become apparently normal during later life, increasing amounts of beta, eta and zeta mRNA are produced, possibly to compensate for protein insolubility and aggregation in a SNCA/14-3-3 complex. CONCLUSIONS These data may contribute to identify key molecular events that reflect Parkinson's disease risk and progression.
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Inhibition of deubiquitinating activity of USP14 decreases tyrosine hydroxylase phosphorylated at Ser19 in PC12D cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 472:598-602. [PMID: 26969276 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is the rate-limiting enzyme in catecholamine biosynthesis, and its stability is a fundamental factor to maintain the level of the catecholamines in cells. However, the intracellular stability determined by the degradation pathway remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the mechanism by which phosphorylation of TH affected the proteasome pathway. The inhibition of proteasomes by MG-132 increased the percentage of TH molecules phosphorylated at their Ser19, Ser31 and/or Ser40 among the total TH proteins to about 70% in PC12D cells over a 24-hr period; although the percentage of phosphorylated TH molecules was about 20% under basal conditions. Moreover, the inhibition of proteasomes by epoxomicin with high specificity increased primarily the quantity of TH molecules phosphorylated at their Ser19. The phosphorylation of Ser19 potentiated Ser40 phosphorylation in cells by a process known as hierarchical phosphorylation. Therefore, the proteasome inhibition might result in an increase in the levels of all 3 phosphorylated TH forms, thus complicating interpretation of data. Conversely, activation of proteasome degradation by IU-1, which is an inhibitor for the deubiquitinating activity of USP14, decreased only the quantity of TH molecules phosphorylated at their Ser19, although it did not decrease that of TH phosphorylated at its Ser31 and Ser40 or that of TH molecules. These results suggest that the phosphorylation of Ser19 in the N-terminal portion of TH is critical as a trigger for the degradation of this enzyme by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.
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Regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase is preserved across different homo- and heterodimeric 14-3-3 proteins. Amino Acids 2016; 48:1221-9. [PMID: 26825549 PMCID: PMC4833811 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2157-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is regulated by members of the 14-3-3 protein family. However, knowledge about the variation between 14-3-3 proteins in their regulation of TH is still limited. We examined the binding, effects on activation and dephosphorylation kinetics of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) by abundant midbrain 14-3-3 proteins (β, η, ζ, γ and ε) of different dimer composition. All 14-3-3 homodimers and their respective 14-3-3ε-heterodimers bound with similar high affinity (Kd values of 1.4–3.8 nM) to serine19 phosphorylated human TH (TH-pS19). We similarly observed a consistent activation of bovine (3.3- to 4.4-fold) and human TH-pS19 (1.3–1.6 fold) across all the different 14-3-3 dimer species, with homodimeric 14-3-3γ being the strongest activator. Both hetero- and homodimers of 14-3-3 strongly inhibited dephosphorylation of TH-pS19, and we speculate if this is an important homeostatic mechanism of 14-3-3 target-protein regulation in vivo. We conclude that TH is a robust interaction partner of different 14-3-3 dimer types with moderate variability between the 14-3-3 dimers on their regulation of TH.
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Zhang CW, Hang L, Yao TP, Lim KL. Parkin Regulation and Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Aging Neurosci 2016; 7:248. [PMID: 26793099 PMCID: PMC4709595 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkin is a unique, multifunctional ubiquitin ligase whose various roles in the cell, particularly in neurons, are widely thought to be protective. The pivotal role that Parkin plays in maintaining neuronal survival is underscored by our current recognition that Parkin dysfunction represents not only a predominant cause of familial parkinsonism but also a formal risk factor for the more common, sporadic form of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Accordingly, keen research on Parkin over the past decade has led to an explosion of knowledge regarding its physiological roles and its relevance to PD. However, our understanding of Parkin is far from being complete. Indeed, surprises emerge from time to time that compel us to constantly update the paradigm of Parkin function. For example, we now know that Parkin’s function is not confined to mere housekeeping protein quality control (QC) roles but also includes mitochondrial homeostasis and stress-related signaling. Furthermore, emerging evidence also suggest a role for Parkin in several other major neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Yet, it remains truly amazing to note that a single enzyme could serve such multitude of functions and cellular roles. Clearly, its activity has to be tightly regulated. In this review, we shall discuss this and how dysregulated Parkin function may precipitate neuronal demise in various neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Wu Zhang
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, National Neuroscience InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Liting Hang
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tso-Pang Yao
- Departments of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kah-Leong Lim
- Neurodegeneration Research Laboratory, National Neuroscience InstituteSingapore, Singapore; Institute of Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore; Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, National University of SingaporeSingapore, Singapore
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Abstract
Modulation of protein-protein interactions (PPIs) is becoming increasingly important in drug discovery and chemical biology. While a few years ago this 'target class' was deemed to be largely undruggable an impressing number of publications and success stories now show that targeting PPIs with small, drug-like molecules indeed is a feasible approach. Here, we summarize the current state of small-molecule inhibition and stabilization of PPIs and review the active molecules from a structural and medicinal chemistry angle, especially focusing on the key examples of iNOS, LFA-1 and 14-3-3.
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Babula JJ, Liu JY. Integrate Omics Data and Molecular Dynamics Simulations toward Better Understanding of Human 14-3-3 Interactomes and Better Drugs for Cancer Therapy. J Genet Genomics 2015; 42:531-547. [PMID: 26554908 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family is among the most extensively studied, yet still largely mysterious protein families in mammals to date. As they are well recognized for their roles in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, and proliferation in healthy cells, aberrant 14-3-3 expression has unsurprisingly emerged as instrumental in the development of many cancers and in prognosis. Interestingly, while the seven known 14-3-3 isoforms in humans have many similar functions across cell types, evidence of isoform-specific functions and localization has been observed in both healthy and diseased cells. The strikingly high similarity among 14-3-3 isoforms has made it difficult to delineate isoform-specific functions and for isoform-specific targeting. Here, we review our knowledge of 14-3-3 interactome(s) generated by high-throughput techniques, bioinformatics, structural genomics and chemical genomics and point out that integrating the information with molecular dynamics (MD) simulations may bring us new opportunity to the design of isoform-specific inhibitors, which can not only be used as powerful research tools for delineating distinct interactomes of individual 14-3-3 isoforms, but also can serve as potential new anti-cancer drugs that selectively target aberrant 14-3-3 isoform.
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Affiliation(s)
- JoAnne J Babula
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jing-Yuan Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 980 W. Walnut Street, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Computer and Information Science, Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, 723 W. Michigan St., Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Li X, Gehring K. Structural studies of parkin and sacsin: Mitochondrial dynamics in neurodegenerative diseases. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1610-9. [PMID: 26359782 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are prevalent, chronic diseases emanating from the dysfunction or death of neurons. The disrupted mitochondrial dynamics observed in a large number of neurodegenerative diseases suggests a common etiology with the possibility of therapies targeting multiple diseases. This review highlights the contributions of structural studies of disease-related proteins to the understanding of neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis and especially the cellular events leading to disruptions in mitochondrial dynamics and function. The examples used are parkin and sacsin, two proteins linked respectively to autosomal-recessive early-onset PD and autosomal-recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay. Structural studies of parkin and sacsin explain the pathogenicity of a large number of disease-associated mutations and reveal insights into their cellular functions related to mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlu Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kalle Gehring
- Department of Biochemistry and Groupe de recherche axé sur la structure des protéines, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Ding H, Underwood R, Lavalley N, Yacoubian TA. 14-3-3 inhibition promotes dopaminergic neuron loss and 14-3-3θ overexpression promotes recovery in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2015; 307:73-82. [PMID: 26314634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.08.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
14-3-3s are a highly conserved protein family that plays important roles in cell survival and interact with several proteins implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of 14-3-3 expression and function has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PD. We have previously shown that increasing the expression level of 14-3-3θ is protective against rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)) in cultured cells. Here, we extend our studies to examine the effects of 14-3-3s in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) mouse model of PD. We first investigated whether targeted nigral 14-3-3θ overexpression mediated by adeno-associated virus offers neuroprotection against MPTP-induced toxicity. 14-3-3θ overexpression using this approach did not reduce MPTP-induced dopaminergic cell loss in the substantia nigra nor the depletion of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites in the striatum at three weeks after MPTP administration. However, 14-3-3θ-overexpressing mice showed a later partial recovery in striatal DA metabolites at eight weeks after MPTP administration compared to controls, suggesting that 14-3-3θ overexpression may help in the functional recovery of those dopaminergic neurons that survive. Conversely, we investigated whether disrupting 14-3-3 function in transgenic mice expressing the pan 14-3-3 inhibitor difopein exacerbates MPTP-induced toxicity. We found that difopein expression promoted dopaminergic cell loss in response to MPTP treatment. Together, these findings suggest that 14-3-3θ overexpression promotes recovery of DA metabolites whereas 14-3-3 inhibition exacerbates neuron loss in the MPTP mouse model of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ding
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - R Underwood
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - N Lavalley
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - T A Yacoubian
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
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Im E, Chung KC. Dyrk1A phosphorylates parkin at Ser-131 and negatively regulates its ubiquitin E3 ligase activity. J Neurochem 2015; 134:756-68. [PMID: 25963095 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of parkin are associated with the occurrence of autosomal recessive familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Parkin acts an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which ubiquitinates target proteins and subsequently regulates either their steady-state levels through the ubiquitin-proteasome system or biochemical properties. In this study, we identify a novel regulatory mechanism of parkin by searching for new regulatory factors. After screening human fetal brain using a yeast two hybrid assay, we found dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) as a novel binding partner of parkin. We also observed that parkin interacts and co-localizes with Dyrk1A in mammalian cells. In addition, Dyrk1A directly phosphorylated parkin at Ser-131, causing the inhibition of its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity. Moreover, Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation reduced the binding affinity of parkin to its ubiquitin-conjugating E2 enzyme and substrate, which could be the underlying inhibitory mechanism of parkin activity. Furthermore, Dyrk1A-mediated phosphorylation inhibited the neuroprotective action of parkin against 6-hydroxydopamine toxicity in dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells. These findings suggest that Dyrk1A acts as a novel functional modulator of parkin. Parkin phosphorylation by Dyrk1A suppresses its E3 ubiquitin ligase activity potentially contributing to the pathogenesis of PD under PD-inducing pathological conditions. Mutations of parkin are linked to autosomal recessive forms of familial Parkinson's disease (PD). According to its functional relevance in abnormal protein aggregation and neuronal cell death, a number of post-translational modifications regulate the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of parkin. Here we propose a novel inhibitory mechanism of parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase through dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A)-mediated phosphorylation as well as its neuroprotective action against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cell death. The present work suggests that parkin phosphorylation by Dyrk1A may affect the pathogenesis of PD under PD-inducing pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Im
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwang Chul Chung
- Department of Systems Biology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Slone SR, Lavalley N, McFerrin M, Wang B, Yacoubian TA. Increased 14-3-3 phosphorylation observed in Parkinson's disease reduces neuroprotective potential of 14-3-3 proteins. Neurobiol Dis 2015; 79:1-13. [PMID: 25862939 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2015.02.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 12/31/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are key regulators of cell survival. We have previously demonstrated that 14-3-3 levels are decreased in an alpha-synuclein (αsyn) mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD), and that overexpression of certain 14-3-3 isoforms is protective in several PD models. Here we examine whether changes in 14-3-3 phosphorylation may contribute to the neurodegenerative process in PD. We examine three key 14-3-3 phosphorylation sites that normally regulate 14-3-3 function, including serine 58 (S58), serine 184 (S184), and serine/threonine 232 (S/T232), in several models of PD and in human PD brain. We observed that an increase in S232 phosphorylation is observed in rotenone-treated neuroblastoma cells, in cells overexpressing αsyn, and in human PD brains. Alterations in S58 phosphorylation were less consistent in these models, and we did not observe any phosphorylation changes at S184. Phosphorylation at S232 induced by rotenone is reduced by casein kinase inhibitors, and is not dependent on αsyn. Mutation of the S232 site affected 14-3-3θ's neuroprotective effects against rotenone and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP(+)), with the S232D mutant lacking any protective effect compared to wildtype or S232A 14-3-3θ. The S232D mutant partially reduced the ability of 14-3-3θ to inhibit Bax activation in response to rotenone. Based on these findings, we propose that phosphorylation of 14-3-3s at serine 232 contributes to the neurodegenerative process in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Rae Slone
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nicholas Lavalley
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael McFerrin
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Talene Alene Yacoubian
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Cheng Y, Yang C, Zhao J, Tse HF, Rong J. Proteomic identification of calcium-binding chaperone calreticulin as a potential mediator for the neuroprotective and neuritogenic activities of fruit-derived glycoside amygdalin. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:146-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Bendikov-Bar I, Rapaport D, Larisch S, Horowitz M. Parkin-mediated ubiquitination of mutant glucocerebrosidase leads to competition with its substrates PARIS and ARTS. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:86. [PMID: 24935484 PMCID: PMC4074407 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-9-86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement neurodegenerative disorder characterized by death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta of the brain that leads to movement impairments including bradykinesia, resting tremor, postural instability and rigidity. Mutations in several genes have been associated with familial PD, such as parkin, pink, DJ-1, LRKK2 and α-synuclein. Lately, mutations in the GBA gene were recognized as a major cause for the development of PD. Mutations in the GBA gene, which encodes for lysosomal β-glucocerebrosidase (GCase), lead to Gaucher disease (GD), an autosomal recessive sphingolipidosis characterized by accumulation of glucosylceramide, mainly in monocyte-derived cells. It is a heterogeneous disease, with Type 1 patients that do not present any primary neurological signs, and Type 2 or Type 3 patients who suffer from a neurological disease. The propensity of type 1 GD patients and carriers of GD mutations to develop PD is significantly higher than that of the non-GD population. We have shown in the past that parkin and mutant GCase, expressed in heterologous systems, interact with each other, and that normal but not mutant parkin mediates K48-dependent proteasomal degradation of mutant GCase variants. Methods We tested possible competition between mutant GCase and PARIS or ARTS on the E3 ubiquitin ligase parkin, using coimmunoprecipitation assays and quantitative real-time PCR. Results We show that endogenous mutant GCase variants associate with parkin and undergo parkin-dependent degradation. Mutant GCase competes with the known parkin substrates PARIS and ARTS, whose accumulation leads to apoptosis. Dopaminergic cells expressing mutant GCase are more susceptible to apoptotic stimuli than dopaminergic cells expressing normal GCase, present increased cleavage of caspase 3 and caspase 9 levels and undergo cell death. Conclusions Our results imply that presence of mutant GCase leads to accumulation of parkin substrates like PARIS and ARTS, which may cause apoptotic death of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mia Horowitz
- Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Levanon St, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel.
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44
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Plotegher N, Kumar D, Tessari I, Brucale M, Munari F, Tosatto L, Belluzzi E, Greggio E, Bisaglia M, Capaldi S, Aioanei D, Mammi S, Monaco HL, Samo B, Bubacco L. The chaperone-like protein 14-3-3η interacts with human α-synuclein aggregation intermediates rerouting the amyloidogenic pathway and reducing α-synuclein cellular toxicity. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 23:5615-29. [PMID: 24895406 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial and idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD) is associated with the abnormal neuronal accumulation of α-synuclein (aS) leading to β-sheet-rich aggregates called Lewy Bodies (LBs). Moreover, single point mutation in aS gene and gene multiplication lead to autosomal dominant forms of PD. A connection between PD and the 14-3-3 chaperone-like proteins was recently proposed, based on the fact that some of the 14-3-3 isoforms can interact with genetic PD-associated proteins such as parkin, LRRK2 and aS and were found as components of LBs in human PD. In particular, a direct interaction between 14-3-3η and aS was reported when probed by co-immunoprecipitation from cell models, from parkinsonian brains and by surface plasmon resonance in vitro. However, the mechanisms through which 14-3-3η and aS interact in PD brains remain unclear. Herein, we show that while 14-3-3η is unable to bind monomeric aS, it interacts with aS oligomers which occur during the early stages of aS aggregation. This interaction diverts the aggregation process even when 14-3-3η is present in sub-stoichiometric amounts relative to aS. When aS level is overwhelmingly higher than that of 14-3-3η, the fibrillation process becomes a sequestration mechanism for 14-3-3η, undermining all processes governed by this protein. Using a panel of complementary techniques, we single out the stage of aggregation at which the aS/14-3-3η interaction occurs, characterize the products of the resulting processes, and show how the processes elucidated in vitro are relevant in cell models. Our findings constitute a first step in elucidating the molecular mechanism of aS/14-3-3η interaction and in understanding the critical aggregation step at which 14-3-3η has the potential to rescue aS-induced cellular toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dhruv Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Marco Brucale
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, ISMN-National Council of Research, Rome, Italy and
| | - Francesca Munari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Capaldi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Daniel Aioanei
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefano Mammi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Hugo L Monaco
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Bruno Samo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Abstract
The RBR (RING-BetweenRING-RING) or TRIAD [two RING fingers and a DRIL (double RING finger linked)] E3 ubiquitin ligases comprise a group of 12 complex multidomain enzymes. This unique family of E3 ligases includes parkin, whose dysfunction is linked to the pathogenesis of early-onset Parkinson's disease, and HOIP (HOIL-1-interacting protein) and HOIL-1 (haem-oxidized IRP2 ubiquitin ligase 1), members of the LUBAC (linear ubiquitin chain assembly complex). The RBR E3 ligases share common features with both the larger RING and HECT (homologous with E6-associated protein C-terminus) E3 ligase families, directly catalysing ubiquitin transfer from an intrinsic catalytic cysteine housed in the C-terminal domain, as well as recruiting thioester-bound E2 enzymes via a RING domain. Recent three-dimensional structures and biochemical findings of the RBRs have revealed novel protein domain folds not previously envisioned and some surprising modes of regulation that have raised many questions. This has required renaming two of the domains in the RBR E3 ligases to more accurately reflect their structures and functions: the C-terminal Rcat (required-for-catalysis) domain, essential for catalytic activity, and a central BRcat (benign-catalytic) domain that adopts the same fold as the Rcat, but lacks a catalytic cysteine residue and ubiquitination activity. The present review discusses how three-dimensional structures of RBR (RING1-BRcat-Rcat) E3 ligases have provided new insights into our understanding of the biochemical mechanisms of these important enzymes in ubiquitin biology.
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Neuroprotective function of 14-3-3 proteins in neurodegeneration. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:564534. [PMID: 24364034 PMCID: PMC3865737 DOI: 10.1155/2013/564534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are abundantly expressed adaptor proteins that interact with a vast number of binding partners to regulate their cellular localization and function. They regulate substrate function in a number of ways including protection from dephosphorylation, regulation of enzyme activity, formation of ternary complexes and sequestration. The diversity of 14-3-3 interacting partners thus enables 14-3-3 proteins to impact a wide variety of cellular and physiological processes. 14-3-3 proteins are broadly expressed in the brain, and clinical and experimental studies have implicated 14-3-3 proteins in neurodegenerative disease. A recurring theme is that 14-3-3 proteins play important roles in pathogenesis through regulating the subcellular localization of target proteins. Here, we review the evidence that 14-3-3 proteins regulate aspects of neurodegenerative disease with a focus on their protective roles against neurodegeneration.
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47
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Ding H, Fineberg NS, Gray M, Yacoubian TA. α-Synuclein overexpression represses 14-3-3θ transcription. J Mol Neurosci 2013; 51:1000-9. [PMID: 23912650 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-013-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous gene microarray studies have shown that expression of 14-3-3θ is significantly decreased in an α-synuclein transgenic mouse model. In this study, we tested whether α-synuclein can regulate 14-3-3θ transcription. We demonstrate that the 14-3-3θ mRNA level is decreased in SH-SY5Y cells overexpressing α-synuclein. Luciferase activity under the control of the 14-3-3θ promoter is reduced both in stable SH-SY5Y cells constitutively overexpressing α-synuclein and in doxycycline-inducible SH-SY5Y cells upon α-synuclein induction, suggesting that the regulation of 14-3-3θ by α-synuclein occurs at the transcriptional level. Knockdown of α-synuclein by RNA interference does not increase the 14-3-3θ mRNA level. These findings suggest that α-synuclein represses 14-3-3θ transcription under pathologic conditions, but that regulation of 14-3-3θ expression is not a function of endogenous α-synuclein at baseline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiping Ding
- Department of Neurology, Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Civitan International Research Center 560D, 1719 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
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48
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Xu Z, Graham K, Foote M, Liang F, Rizkallah R, Hurt M, Wang Y, Wu Y, Zhou Y. 14-3-3 protein targets misfolded chaperone-associated proteins to aggresomes. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4173-86. [PMID: 23843611 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.126102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The aggresome is a key cytoplasmic organelle for sequestration and clearance of toxic protein aggregates. Although loading misfolded proteins cargos to dynein motors has been recognized as an important step in the aggresome formation process, the molecular machinery that mediates the association of cargos with the dynein motor is poorly understood. Here, we report a new aggresome-targeting pathway that involves isoforms of 14-3-3, a family of conserved regulatory proteins. 14-3-3 interacts with both the dynein-intermediate chain (DIC) and an Hsp70 co-chaperone Bcl-2-associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), thereby recruiting chaperone-associated protein cargos to dynein motors for their transport to aggresomes. This molecular cascade entails functional dimerization of 14-3-3, which we show to be crucial for the formation of aggresomes in both yeast and mammalian cells. These results suggest that 14-3-3 functions as a molecular adaptor to promote aggresomal targeting of misfolded protein aggregates and may link such complexes to inclusion bodies observed in various neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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49
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Nakashima A, Kaneko YS, Kodani Y, Mori K, Nagasaki H, Nagatsu T, Ota A. Intracellular stability of tyrosine hydroxylase: phosphorylation and proteasomal digestion of the enzyme. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2013; 68:3-11. [PMID: 24054137 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-411512-5.00001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of catecholamines, is a key protein involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease. Elucidation of the mechanisms regulating the synthesis, degradation, and activity of TH should be a first target in order to understand the role of this enzyme in pathogenesis. Recently, several reports suggest that the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway is a prerequisite for the degradation of TH and that the N-terminal part of TH plays a critical role in the degradation. In this report, we propose the mechanism by which the N-terminal part of TH regulates the degradation of this enzyme. Moreover, we integrate our findings with recent progress in other areas of TH regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Nakashima
- Department of Physiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
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50
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Liang S, Shen G, Liu Q, Xu Y, Zhou L, Xiao S, Xu Z, Gong F, You C, Wei Y. Isoform-specific expression and characterization of 14-3-3 proteins in human glioma tissues discovered by stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based proteomic analysis. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 3:743-53. [PMID: 21136983 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200800198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Human 14-3-3 proteins have isoform-specific expression and functions in different kinds of normal or tumor cells and tissues. However, the expression profiling of 14-3-3 proteins and isoform-specific biological functions are unclear in human glioma so far. In our study, the expression levels and characterization of 14-3-3 isoforms in human glioma tissues were investigated by a sensitive, accurate stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture-based quantitative proteomic strategy. As a result, except unexpressed 14-3-3σ, the other six isoforms, with different expression levels, were existed in glioma tissues and para-cancerous brain tissues (PBTs). 14-3-3β and η were upregulated, whereas 14-3-3ζ was downregulated in glioma tissues compared with that in PBTs. And the other three isoforms 14-3-3ε, θ, and γ had similar expression levels in human glioma tissues and PBTs. Western blot and immunohistochemistry analysis were both consistent with the quantitative proteomic data. The loss of expression of 14-3-3σ was further discovered due to DNA high methylation in its coding region in glioma by methylation-specific PCR analysis. These results indicated that the four isoforms, including 14-3-3β, η, ζ, and σ, may play important roles in tumorigenesis of human glioma, which is probably used as potential biomarkers for diagnosis and targets for treatment of human gliomas in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P.R. China.
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