1
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He Y, Tang Y, Wen S, Dong L, Li F, Deng Y, Tao Z. LINC00998 Modulating M2 Macrophage Activation in Allergic Rhinitis by Stabilizing BOB.1 mRNA. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:2309-2326. [PMID: 38638161 PMCID: PMC11026101 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s444692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic rhinitis (AR) is globally recognized as a considerable threat to human health with a rising prevalence and a substantial medical and socioeconomic burden. Numerous studies have emphasized the significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in allergic responses. Hence, this research dealt with exploring the involvement of the lncRNA LINC00998 in the mechanism of AR. Methods LINC00998 expression was assessed by qRT-PCR in peripheral blood mononuclear cells acquired from individuals with AR. Additionally, the potential relationship between LINC00998 and macrophage polarization was observed in vitro. Then we constructed AR mice model and macrophage polarization models using THP-1 cells as well as primary human macrophages to verify the M2 shift in AR and the low expression level of LINC00998 in M2 macrophages. We used gain- and loss-of-function experiments to explore the modification of LINC00998 in macrophage polarization. Furthermore, we explored the underlying mechanism of LINC00998 mediates through qRT-PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blot. Results The analysis revealed a significant decrease in LINC00998 expression in the samples obtained from patients with AR. LINC00998 is markedly increased in M1 macrophages whereas decreased in M2 macrophages in vitro. Furthermore, suppression of LINC00998 caused a remarkable enhancement in M2 polarization, whereas its overexpression led to its attenuation. Knockdown of LINC00998 led to a remarkable downregulation of BOB.1 mRNA and protein, while overexpression of LINC00998 upregulated their expression. Moreover, it was found that BOB.1 modulated macrophage polarization through the PU.1/IL-1β axis. Meanwhile, the modulation of LINC00098 overexpression on macrophage polarization and PU.1/ IL-1β can be reversed by BOB.1 siRNA. Conclusion This research revealed the lncRNA LINC00998 altered M2 macrophage polarization by regulating the BOB.1/PU.1/IL-1β axis, which open up new avenues for studying the pathogenesis of AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan He
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulei Tang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Silu Wen
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fen Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
- Research Institute of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zezhang Tao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China
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2
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Yanagi M, Ikegami I, Kamekura R, Sato T, Sato T, Kamiya S, Murayama K, Jitsukawa S, Ito F, Yorozu A, Kihara M, Abe T, Takaki H, Kawata K, Shigehara K, Miyajima S, Nishikiori H, Sato A, Tohse N, Takano KI, Chiba H, Ichimiya S. Bob1 maintains T follicular helper cells for long-term humoral immunity. Commun Biol 2024; 7:185. [PMID: 38360857 PMCID: PMC10869348 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-05827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Humoral immunity is vital for host protection, yet aberrant antibody responses can trigger harmful inflammation and immune-related disorders. T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, central to humoral immunity, have garnered significant attention for unraveling immune mechanisms. This study shows the role of B-cell Oct-binding protein 1 (Bob1), a transcriptional coactivator, in Tfh cell regulation. Our investigation, utilizing conditional Bob1-deficient mice, suggests that Bob1 plays a critical role in modulating inducible T-cell costimulator expression and cellular respiration in Tfh cells. This regulation maintains the long-term functionality of Tfh cells, enabling their reactivation from central memory T cells to produce antibodies during recall responses. In a bronchial asthma model induced by house dust mite (HDM) inhalation, Bob1 is observed to enhance HDM-specific antibodies, including IgE, highlighting its pivotal function in Tfh cell regulation. Further exploration of Bob1-dependent mechanisms in Tfh cells holds promise for governing protective immunity and addressing immune-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Yanagi
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ippei Ikegami
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sato
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Taiki Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shiori Kamiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Kosuke Murayama
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akira Yorozu
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Miho Kihara
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Takaya Abe
- Laboratory for Animal Resources and Genetic Engineering, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takaki
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Katsunori Shigehara
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Satsuki Miyajima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Nishikiori
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Akinori Sato
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Healthcare and Science, Hokkaido Bunkyo University, Eniwa, 061-1449, Japan
| | - Noritsugu Tohse
- Department of Cellular Physiology and Signal Transduction, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Chiba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.
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3
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Qin D, Yu F, Wu D, Han C, Yao X, Yang L, Yang X, Wang Q, He D, Zhao B. The underlying molecular mechanisms and biomarkers between periodontitis and COVID-19. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:524. [PMID: 37495990 PMCID: PMC10369766 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Emerging evidence shows the clinical consequences of patient with COVID-19 and periodontitis are not promising, and periodontitis is a risk factor. Periodontitis and COVID-19 probably have a relationship. Hence, this study aimed to identify the common molecular mechanism that may help to devise potential therapeutic strategies in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analyzed two RNA-seq datasets for differential expressed genes, enrichment of biological processes, transcription factors (TFs) and deconvolution-based immune cell types in periodontitis, COVID-19 and healthy controls. Relationships between TFs and mRNA were established by Pearson correlation analysis, and the common TFs-mRNA regulatory network and nine co-upregulated TFs of the two diseases was obtained. The RT-PCR detected the TFs. RESULTS A total of 1616 and 10201 differentially expressed gene (DEGs) from periodontitis and COVID-19 are found. Moreover, nine shared TFs and common biological processes associated with lymphocyte activation involved in immune response were identified across periodontitis and COVID-19. The cell type enrichment revealed elevated plasma cells among two diseases. The RT-PCR further confirmed the nine TFs up-regulation in periodontitis. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of periodontitis and COVID-19 is closely related to the expression of TFs and lymphocyte activation, which can provide potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danlei Qin
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Department of Medical Imaging, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Feiyan Yu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongchao Wu
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Chong Han
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xuemin Yao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Lulu Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Xi Yang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Dongning He
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
| | - Bin Zhao
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, No 63, New South Road, Yingze District, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China.
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4
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Betzler AC, Ushmorov A, Brunner C. The transcriptional program during germinal center reaction - a close view at GC B cells, Tfh cells and Tfr cells. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1125503. [PMID: 36817488 PMCID: PMC9936310 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1125503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The germinal center (GC) reaction is a key process during an adaptive immune response to T cell specific antigens. GCs are specialized structures within secondary lymphoid organs, in which B cell proliferation, somatic hypermutation and antibody affinity maturation occur. As a result, high affinity antibody secreting plasma cells and memory B cells are generated. An effective GC response needs interaction between multiple cell types. Besides reticular cells and follicular dendritic cells, particularly B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells as well as T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells are a key player during the GC reaction. Whereas Tfh cells provide help to GC B cells in selection processes, Tfr cells, a specialized subset of regulatory T cells (Tregs), are able to suppress the GC reaction maintaining the balance between immune activation and tolerance. The formation and function of GCs is regulated by a complex network of signals and molecules at multiple levels. In this review, we highlight recent developments in GC biology by focusing on the transcriptional program regulating the GC reaction. This review focuses on the transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1, whose important role for GC B, Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation became increasingly clear in recent years. Moreover, we outline how deregulation of the GC transcriptional program can drive lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C. Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexey Ushmorov
- Ulm University, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany,*Correspondence: Cornelia Brunner,
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5
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Rossi A, Belmonte B, Carnevale S, Liotti A, De Rosa V, Jaillon S, Piconese S, Tripodo C. Stromal and Immune Cell Dynamics in Tumor Associated Tertiary Lymphoid Structures and Anti-Tumor Immune Responses. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:933113. [PMID: 35874810 PMCID: PMC9304551 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.933113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are ectopic lymphoid organs that have been observed in chronic inflammatory conditions including cancer, where they are thought to exert a positive effect on prognosis. Both immune and non-immune cells participate in the genesis of TLS by establishing complex cross-talks requiring both soluble factors and cell-to-cell contact. Several immune cell types, including T follicular helper cells (Tfh), regulatory T cells (Tregs), and myeloid cells, may accumulate in TLS, possibly promoting or inhibiting their development. In this manuscript, we propose to review the available evidence regarding specific aspects of the TLS formation in solid cancers, including 1) the role of stromal cell composition and architecture in the recruitment of specific immune subpopulations and the formation of immune cell aggregates; 2) the contribution of the myeloid compartment (macrophages and neutrophils) to the development of antibody responses and the TLS formation; 3) the immunological and metabolic mechanisms dictating recruitment, expansion and plasticity of Tregs into T follicular regulatory cells, which are potentially sensitive to immunotherapeutic strategies directed to costimulatory receptors or checkpoint molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Rossi
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Belmonte
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Liotti
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica De Rosa
- Istituto per l’Endocrinologia e l’Oncologia Sperimentale, Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- RCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Piconese
- Department of Internal Clinical Sciences, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Unità di Neuroimmunologia, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia—Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Silvia Piconese,
| | - Claudio Tripodo
- Tumor Immunology Unit, Department of Sciences for Health Promotion and Mother-Child Care “G. D’Alessandro”, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Histopathology Unit, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology (IFOM), Milan, Italy
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6
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Betzler AC, Ezić J, Abou Kors T, Hoffmann TK, Wirth T, Brunner C. T Cell Specific BOB.1/OBF.1 Expression Promotes Germinal Center Response and T Helper Cell Differentiation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889564. [PMID: 35603192 PMCID: PMC9114770 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1 is expressed in both B and T cells. The main characteristic of conventional BOB.1/OBF.1 deficient mice is the complete absence of germinal centers (GCs). This defect was mainly attributed to the defective B cell compartment. However, it is unknown whether and how BOB.1/OBF.1 expression in T cells contributes to the GC reaction. To finally clarify this question, we studied the in vivo function of BOB.1/OBF.1 in CD4+ T and follicular T helper (TFH) cell subpopulations by conditional mutagenesis, in the presence of immunocompetent B lymphocytes. BOB.1/OBF.1 deletion in CD4+ T as well as TFH cells resulted in impaired GC formation demonstrating that the impaired GC reaction described for conventional BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice cannot exclusively be traced back to the B cell compartment. Furthermore, we show a requirement of BOB.1/OBF.1 for T helper (TH) cell subsets, particularly for TFH cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ezić
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tsima Abou Kors
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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7
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Lombard‐Vadnais F, Lacombe J, Chabot‐Roy G, Ferron M, Lesage S. OCA‐B does not act as a transcriptional coactivator in T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2022; 100:338-351. [DOI: 10.1111/imcb.12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Félix Lombard‐Vadnais
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Julie Lacombe
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
| | - Geneviève Chabot‐Roy
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
| | - Mathieu Ferron
- Molecular Physiology Research Unit Institut de recherches cliniques de Montréal Montréal QC H2W 1R7 Canada
- Département de médecine Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
- Division of Experimental Medicine McGill University Montreal QC H3A 0G4 Canada
| | - Sylvie Lesage
- Immunologie‐oncologie Centre de recherche de l’Hôpital Maisonneuve‐Rosemont Montréal QC H1T 2M4 Canada
- Département de microbiologie, infectiologie et immunologie Université de Montréal Montréal QC H3T 1J4 Canada
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8
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Betzler AC, Fiedler K, Hoffmann TK, Fehling HJ, Wirth T, Brunner C. BOB.1/OBF.1 is required during B-cell ontogeny for B-cell differentiation and germinal center function. Eur J Immunol 2021; 52:404-417. [PMID: 34918350 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BOB.1/OBF.1 is a lymphocyte-specific transcriptional co-activator of octamer-dependent transcription. It regulates the expression of genes important for lymphocyte physiology together with the Oct-1 and Oct-2 transcription factors. So far, BOB.1/OBF.1 has been studied in conventional knockout mice, whereby a function of BOB.1/OBF.1 in B but also in T cells was described. The main characteristic of BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice is the complete absence of germinal centers. However, it is entirely unsolved at which stage of B-cell development BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is essential for germinal center formation. Still, it is not known whether defects observed late in B-cell development of BOB.1/OBF.1-deficient mice are merely a consequence of defective early B-cell development. To answer the question, whether BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is required before or during the process of germinal center formation, we established a mouse system, which allows the conditional deletion of BOB.1/OBF.1 at different stages of B-cell development. Our data reveal a requirement for BOB.1/OBF.1 during both early antigen-independent and late antigen-dependent B-cell development, and further a requirement for efficient germinal center reaction during complete B-cell ontogeny. By specifically deleting BOB.1/OBF.1 in germinal center B cells, we provide evidence that the failure to form germinal centers is a germinal center B-cell intrinsic defect and not exclusively a consequence of defective early B-cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika C Betzler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Fiedler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Thomas Wirth
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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9
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Meng J, Wen H, Li X, Luan B, Gong S, Wen J, Wang Y, Wang L. POU class 2 homeobox associating factor 1 (POU2AF1) participates in abdominal aortic aneurysm enlargement based on integrated bioinformatics analysis. Bioengineered 2021; 12:8980-8993. [PMID: 34637689 PMCID: PMC8806937 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1990822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is life-threatening, its natural course is progressively sac expansion and rupture. Elegant studies have been conducted to investigate the molecular markers associated with AAA growth and expansion, this topic however, still needs to be further elucidated. This study aimed to identify potential genes for AAA growth and expansion based on comprehensive bioinformatics approaches. Firstly, 29 up-regulated genes were identified through DEGs analysis between large AAA and small AAA in GSE57691. Secondly, signed WGCNA analysis was conducted based on GSE57691 and the green module was found to exhibit the topmost correlation with large AAA as well as AAA, 133 WGCNA hub genes were further identified. Merged gene set including 29 up-regulated DEGs and 858 green module genes was subjected to constructing a PPI network where 195 PPI hub genes were identified. Subsequently, 4 crucial genes including POU2AF1, FCRLA, CD79B, HLA-DOB were recognized by Venn plot. In addition, by using GSE7084 and GSE98278 for verification, POU2AF1 showed potential diagnostic value between AAA and normal groups, and exhibited a significant higher expression level in large AAA samples compared with small AAA samples. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry results indicated up-regulation of POU2AF1 in large AAA samples than small AAA samples, which implies POU2AF1 may be a key regulator in AAA enlargement and growth. In summary, this study indicates that POU2AF1 has great predictive value for the expansion of AAA, and may contribute to the further exploration of pathogenesis and progression of AAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinze Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao Wen
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xintong Li
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Boyang Luan
- Department of Trauma Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jie Wen
- Department of Ultrasonography, Inner Mongolia Baotou City Central Hospital, Baotou, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Therapeutics of Aortic Aneurysm in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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10
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Yeremenko N, Danger R, Baeten D, Tomilin A, Brouard S. Transcriptional regulator BOB.1: Molecular mechanisms and emerging role in chronic inflammation and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102833. [PMID: 33864944 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocytes constitute an essential and potent effector compartment of the immune system. Therefore, their development and functions must be strictly regulated to avoid inappropriate immune responses, such as autoimmune reactions. Several lines of evidence from genetics (e.g. association with multiple sclerosis and primary biliary cirrhosis), human expression studies (e.g. increased expression in target tissues and draining lymph nodes of patients with autoimmune diseases), animal models (e.g. loss of functional protein protects animals from the development of collagen-induced arthritis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, type 1 diabetes, bleomycin-induced fibrosis) strongly support a causal link between the aberrant expression of the lymphocyte-restricted transcriptional regulator BOB.1 and the development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of unusual structural and functional plasticity of BOB.1, stringent regulation of its expression, and the pivotal role that BOB.1 plays in shaping B- and T-cell responses. We discuss recent developments highlighting the significant contribution of BOB.1 to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and how to leverage our knowledge to target this regulator to treat autoimmune tissue inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Richard Danger
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alexey Tomilin
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Sophie Brouard
- CHU Nantes, Université de Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, Nantes, France
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11
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Germain C, Devi-Marulkar P, Knockaert S, Biton J, Kaplon H, Letaïef L, Goc J, Seguin-Givelet A, Gossot D, Girard N, Validire P, Lefèvre M, Damotte D, Alifano M, Lemoine FM, Steele KE, Teillaud JL, Hammond SA, Dieu-Nosjean MC. Tertiary Lymphoid Structure-B Cells Narrow Regulatory T Cells Impact in Lung Cancer Patients. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626776. [PMID: 33763071 PMCID: PMC7983944 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) in the tumor microenvironment is associated with better clinical outcome in many cancers. In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we have previously showed that a high density of B cells within TLS (TLS-B cells) is positively correlated with tumor antigen-specific antibody responses and increased intratumor CD4+ T cell clonality. Here, we investigated the relationship between the presence of TLS-B cells and CD4+ T cell profile in NSCLC patients. The expression of immune-related genes and proteins on B cells and CD4+ T cells was analyzed according to their relationship to TLS-B density in a prospective cohort of 56 NSCLC patients. We observed that tumor-infiltrating T cells showed marked differences according to TLS-B cell presence, with higher percentages of naïve, central-memory, and activated CD4+ T cells and lower percentages of both immune checkpoint (ICP)-expressing CD4+ T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the TLS-Bhigh tumors. A retrospective study of 538 untreated NSCLC patients showed that high TLS-B cell density was even able to counterbalance the deleterious impact of high Treg density on patient survival, and that TLS-Bhigh Treglow patients had the best clinical outcomes. Overall, the correlation between the density of TLS-Bhigh tumors with early differentiated, activated and non-regulatory CD4+ T cell cells suggest that B cells may play a central role in determining protective T cell responses in NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Germain
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Priyanka Devi-Marulkar
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Samantha Knockaert
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Biton
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Kaplon
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Laïla Letaïef
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Goc
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Agathe Seguin-Givelet
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Thoracic Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine SMBH, Bobigny, France
| | - Dominique Gossot
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Thoracic Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Oncology Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Validire
- Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Marine Lefèvre
- Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Thoracic Department, Curie-Montsouris Thorax Institute, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Cochin Hospital, Paris, France
| | - François M Lemoine
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France
| | - Keith E Steele
- Oncology Translational Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Jean-Luc Teillaud
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
| | - Scott A Hammond
- Oncology Research, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Marie-Caroline Dieu-Nosjean
- Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1135, Faculté de Médecine Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Immune Microenvironment and Immunotherapy", INSERM U1135, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses Paris (CIMI-Paris), Paris, France.,Sorbonne Université, UMRS 1138, Paris, France.,Laboratory "Cancer, Immune Control, and Escape", INSERM U1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris, France.,Université de Paris, UMRS 1138, Paris, France
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12
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Bob1 enhances RORγt-mediated IL-17A expression in Th17 cells through interaction with RORγt. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 514:1167-1171. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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13
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Danger R, Royer PJ, Reboulleau D, Durand E, Loy J, Tissot A, Lacoste P, Roux A, Reynaud-Gaubert M, Gomez C, Kessler R, Mussot S, Dromer C, Brugière O, Mornex JF, Guillemain R, Dahan M, Knoop C, Botturi K, Foureau A, Pison C, Koutsokera A, Nicod LP, Brouard S, Magnan A. Blood Gene Expression Predicts Bronchiolitis Obliterans Syndrome. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1841. [PMID: 29375549 PMCID: PMC5768645 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), the main manifestation of chronic lung allograft dysfunction, leads to poor long-term survival after lung transplantation. Identifying predictors of BOS is essential to prevent the progression of dysfunction before irreversible damage occurs. By using a large set of 107 samples from lung recipients, we performed microarray gene expression profiling of whole blood to identify early biomarkers of BOS, including samples from 49 patients with stable function for at least 3 years, 32 samples collected at least 6 months before BOS diagnosis (prediction group), and 26 samples at or after BOS diagnosis (diagnosis group). An independent set from 25 lung recipients was used for validation by quantitative PCR (13 stables, 11 in the prediction group, and 8 in the diagnosis group). We identified 50 transcripts differentially expressed between stable and BOS recipients. Three genes, namely POU class 2 associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), T-cell leukemia/lymphoma protein 1A (TCL1A), and B cell lymphocyte kinase, were validated as predictive biomarkers of BOS more than 6 months before diagnosis, with areas under the curve of 0.83, 0.77, and 0.78 respectively. These genes allow stratification based on BOS risk (log-rank test p < 0.01) and are not associated with time posttransplantation. This is the first published large-scale gene expression analysis of blood after lung transplantation. The three-gene blood signature could provide clinicians with new tools to improve follow-up and adapt treatment of patients likely to develop BOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Danger
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre-Joseph Royer
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Damien Reboulleau
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Eugénie Durand
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Jennifer Loy
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Tissot
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Lacoste
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Roux
- Pneumology, Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center and Lung Transplantation Department, Foch Hospital, Suresnes, France.,Universite Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, UPRES EA220, Suresnes, France
| | - Martine Reynaud-Gaubert
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, CHU Nord de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Carine Gomez
- Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, CHU Nord de Marseille, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Romain Kessler
- Groupe de Transplantation Pulmonaire des Hôpitaux universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sacha Mussot
- Hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Service de Chirurgie Thoracique, Vasculaire et Transplantation Cardiopulmonaire, Le Plessis Robinson, France
| | | | - Olivier Brugière
- Hôpital Bichat, Service de Pneumologie et Transplantation Pulmonaire, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Karine Botturi
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Aurore Foureau
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Christophe Pison
- Clinique Universitaire Pneumologie, Pôle Thorax et Vaisseaux, CHU de Grenoble, Université de Grenoble, INSERM U1055, Grenoble, France
| | - Angela Koutsokera
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent P Nicod
- Service de Pneumologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie Brouard
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Institut de Transplantation Urologie Néphrologie (ITUN), CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Antoine Magnan
- UMR S 1087 CNRS UMR 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Université de Nantes, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
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14
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Matsumiya H, Kawata K, Kamekura R, Tsubomatsu C, Jitsukawa S, Asai T, Akasaka S, Kamei M, Yamashita K, Ito F, Kubo T, Sato N, Takano KI, Himi T, Ichimiya S. High frequency of Bob1 lo T follicular helper cells in florid reactive follicular hyperplasia. Immunol Lett 2017; 191:23-30. [PMID: 28756244 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2017.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Florid reactive follicular hyperplasia (FRFH), which is characterized by large germinal centers (GCs) within normal lymphoid follicles, is often observed in benign lesions of lymph nodes and other tissues. Because of the histologic similarity of FRFH to tumorous lesions such as follicular lymphoma, careful pathological examination is required to evaluate such lesions; however, little is known about the mechanism underlying the development of FRFH. In this study, we investigated T follicular helper (Tfh) cells in hyperplastic tonsils of patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSA), which frequently exhibits typical FRFH. When we analyzed tonsils of OSA and recurrent tonsillitis (RT) as a control, tonsils of OSA were found to harbor Tfh cells with a nearly 3-fold higher ratio in total CD4+ T cells than that in tonsils of RT. Further analysis showed that, in comparison to Tfh cells of RT tonsils, Tfh cells of OSA tonsils were relatively tolerant to CD3-mediated activation-induced cell death (AICD) and also expressed lower levels of a Bob1 transcription coactivator and IL-4, which fosters the development of GC-B cells. Given that Bob1 controls the proliferative activity in response to CD3 stimulation and has been suggested to have a role in the production of IL-4 in Tfh cells, the unique structure of FRFH is possibly associated with the function of Bob1lo Tfh cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Matsumiya
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Koji Kawata
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kamekura
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chieko Tsubomatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sumito Jitsukawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takamasa Asai
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Syunsuke Akasaka
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Motonari Kamei
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Keiji Yamashita
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Fumie Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan; Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Sato
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Takano
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Himi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Shingo Ichimiya
- Department of Human Immunology, Research Institute for Frontier Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan.
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15
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Olafsdottir TA, Lindqvist M, Nookaew I, Andersen P, Maertzdorf J, Persson J, Christensen D, Zhang Y, Anderson J, Khoomrung S, Sen P, Agger EM, Coler R, Carter D, Meinke A, Rappuoli R, Kaufmann SHE, Reed SG, Harandi AM. Comparative Systems Analyses Reveal Molecular Signatures of Clinically tested Vaccine Adjuvants. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39097. [PMID: 27958370 PMCID: PMC5153655 DOI: 10.1038/srep39097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants could inform a rational development of next generation vaccines for human use. Here, we exploited a genome wide transcriptomics analysis combined with a systems biology approach to determine the molecular signatures induced by four clinically tested vaccine adjuvants, namely CAF01, IC31, GLA-SE and Alum in mice. We report signature molecules, pathways, gene modules and networks, which are shared by or otherwise exclusive to these clinical-grade adjuvants in whole blood and draining lymph nodes of mice. Intriguingly, co-expression analysis revealed blood gene modules highly enriched for molecules with documented roles in T follicular helper (TFH) and germinal center (GC) responses. We could show that all adjuvants enhanced, although with different magnitude and kinetics, TFH and GC B cell responses in draining lymph nodes. These results represent, to our knowledge, the first comparative systems analysis of clinically tested vaccine adjuvants that may provide new insights into the mechanisms of action of human adjuvants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorunn A Olafsdottir
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Madelene Lindqvist
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - Peter Andersen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jeroen Maertzdorf
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Persson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Dennis Christensen
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jenna Anderson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Partho Sen
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers, University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Else Marie Agger
- Department of Infectious Disease Immunology, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rhea Coler
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Darrick Carter
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Andreas Meinke
- Valneva Austria GmbH, Campus Vienna Biocenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Stefan H E Kaufmann
- Department of Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven G Reed
- Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Ali M Harandi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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16
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Hwang SS, Kim LK, Lee GR, Flavell RA. Role of OCT-1 and partner proteins in T cell differentiation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2016; 1859:825-31. [PMID: 27126747 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of CD4 T cell differentiation gives important insights into the control of immune responses against various pathogens and in autoimmune diseases. Naïve CD4 T cells become effector T cells in response to antigen stimulation in combination with various environmental cytokine stimuli. Several transcription factors and cis-regulatory regions have been identified to regulate epigenetic processes on chromatin, to allow the production of proper effector cytokines during CD4 T cell differentiation. OCT-1 (Pou2f1) is well known as a widely expressed transcription factor in most tissues and cells. Although the importance of OCT-1 has been emphasized during development and differentiation, its detailed molecular underpinning and precise role are poorly understood. Recently, a series of studies have reported that OCT-1 plays a critical role in CD4 T cells through regulating gene expression during differentiation and mediating long-range chromosomal interactions. In this review, we will describe the role of OCT-1 in CD4 T cell differentiation and discuss how this factor orchestrates the fate and function of CD4 effector T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Seok Hwang
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Lark Kyun Kim
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonjuro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 135-720, South Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life-Science, Sogang University, Baekbeom-ro, Seoul 121-742, South Korea
| | - Richard A Flavell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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17
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Stauss D, Brunner C, Berberich-Siebelt F, Höpken UE, Lipp M, Müller G. The transcriptional coactivator Bob1 promotes the development of follicular T helper cells via Bcl6. EMBO J 2016; 35:881-98. [PMID: 26957522 PMCID: PMC4972135 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201591459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicular T helper (Tfh) cells are key regulators of the germinal center reaction and long‐term humoral immunity. Tfh cell differentiation requires the sustained expression of the transcriptional repressor Bcl6; however, its regulation in CD4+ T cells is incompletely understood. Here, we report that the transcriptional coactivator Bob1, encoded by the Pou2af1 gene, promotes Bcl6 expression and Tfh cell development. We found that Bob1 together with the octamer transcription factors Oct1/Oct2 can directly bind to and transactivate the Bcl6 and Btla promoters. Mixed bone marrow chimeras revealed that Bob1 is required for the expression of normal levels of Bcl6 and BTLA, thereby controlling the pool size and composition of the Tfh compartment in a T cell‐intrinsic manner. Our data indicate that T cell‐expressed Bob1 is directly involved in Tfh cell differentiation and required for mounting normal T cell‐dependent B‐cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Stauss
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Uta E Höpken
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Lipp
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Müller
- Department of Tumor Genetics and Immunogenetics, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Zhou H, Brekman A, Zuo WL, Ou X, Shaykhiev R, Agosto-Perez FJ, Wang R, Walters MS, Salit J, Strulovici-Barel Y, Staudt MR, Kaner RJ, Mezey JG, Crystal RG, Wang G. POU2AF1 Functions in the Human Airway Epithelium To Regulate Expression of Host Defense Genes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 196:3159-67. [PMID: 26927796 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the process of seeking novel lung host defense regulators by analyzing genome-wide RNA sequence data from normal human airway epithelium, we detected expression of POU domain class 2-associating factor 1 (POU2AF1), a known transcription cofactor previously thought to be expressed only in lymphocytes. Lymphocyte contamination of human airway epithelial samples obtained by bronchoscopy and brushing was excluded by immunohistochemistry staining, the observation of upregulation of POU2AF1 in purified airway basal stem/progenitor cells undergoing differentiation, and analysis of differentiating single basal cell clones. Lentivirus-mediated upregulation of POU2AF1 in airway basal cells induced upregulation of host defense genes, including MX1, IFIT3, IFITM, and known POU2AF1 downstream genes HLA-DRA, ID2, ID3, IL6, and BCL6. Interestingly, expression of these genes paralleled changes of POU2AF1 expression during airway epithelium differentiation in vitro, suggesting POU2AF1 helps to maintain a host defense tone even in pathogen-free condition. Cigarette smoke, a known risk factor for airway infection, suppressed POU2AF1 expression both in vivo in humans and in vitro in human airway epithelial cultures, accompanied by deregulation of POU2AF1 downstream genes. Finally, enhancing POU2AF1 expression in human airway epithelium attenuated the suppression of host defense genes by smoking. Together, these findings suggest a novel function of POU2AF1 as a potential regulator of host defense genes in the human airway epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixia Zhou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan 610041, China; Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Angelika Brekman
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Wu-Lin Zuo
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Xuemei Ou
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Renat Shaykhiev
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Rui Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Matthew S Walters
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Jacqueline Salit
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | | | - Michelle R Staudt
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
| | - Robert J Kaner
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Jason G Mezey
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Department of Biological Statistics and Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, NY 14853
| | - Ronald G Crystal
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065; and
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065
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19
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Kim K, Kim N, Lee GR. Transcription Factors Oct-1 and GATA-3 Cooperatively Regulate Th2 Cytokine Gene Expression via the RHS5 within the Th2 Locus Control Region. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0148576. [PMID: 26840450 PMCID: PMC4740509 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0148576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The T helper type 2 (Th2) locus control region (LCR) regulates Th2 cell differentiation. Several transcription factors bind to the LCR to modulate the expression of Th2 cytokine genes, but the molecular mechanisms behind Th2 cytokine gene regulation are incompletely understood. Here, we used database analysis and an oligonucleotide competition/electrophoretic mobility shift assays to search for transcription factors binding to RHS5, a DNase I hypersensitive site (DHS) within the Th2 LCR. Consequently, we demonstrated that GATA-binding protein-3 (GATA-3), E26 transformation-specific protein 1 (Ets-1), octamer transcription factor-1 (Oct-1), and Oct-2 selectively associate with RHS5. Furthermore, chromatin immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays showed that Oct-1 and Oct-2 bound within the Il4 promoter region and the Th2 LCR, and that Oct-1 and GATA-3 or Oct-2 synergistically triggered the transactivational activity of the Il4 promoter through RHS5. These results suggest that Oct-1 and GATA-3/Oct-2 direct Th2 cytokine gene expression in a cooperative manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiwan Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Najung Kim
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gap Ryol Lee
- Department of Life Science, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kilzheimer M, Quandt J, Langhans J, Weihrich P, Wirth T, Brunner C. NF-κB-dependent signals control BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 transcriptional activity in B cells. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:3441-53. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201545475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jasmin Quandt
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Julia Langhans
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Petra Weihrich
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Thomas Wirth
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
| | - Cornelia Brunner
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology; Ulm University; Ulm Germany
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21
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Shakya A, Goren A, Shalek A, German CN, Snook J, Kuchroo VK, Yosef N, Chan RC, Regev A, Williams MA, Tantin D. Oct1 and OCA-B are selectively required for CD4 memory T cell function. J Exp Med 2015; 212:2115-31. [PMID: 26481684 PMCID: PMC4647264 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20150363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shakya et al. identify the transcription factor Oct1 and its cofactor OCA-B as central mediators for generating memory T cell responses in mice. Epigenetic changes are crucial for the generation of immunological memory. Failure to generate or maintain these changes will result in poor memory responses. Similarly, augmenting or stabilizing the correct epigenetic states offers a potential method of enhancing memory. Yet the transcription factors that regulate these processes are poorly defined. We find that the transcription factor Oct1 and its cofactor OCA-B are selectively required for the in vivo generation of CD4+ memory T cells. More importantly, the memory cells that are formed do not respond properly to antigen reencounter. In vitro, both proteins are required to maintain a poised state at the Il2 target locus in resting but previously stimulated CD4+ T cells. OCA-B is also required for the robust reexpression of multiple other genes including Ifng. ChIPseq identifies ∼50 differentially expressed direct Oct1 and OCA-B targets. We identify an underlying mechanism involving OCA-B recruitment of the histone lysine demethylase Jmjd1a to targets such as Il2, Ifng, and Zbtb32. The findings pinpoint Oct1 and OCA-B as central mediators of CD4+ T cell memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Shakya
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Alon Goren
- Broad Technology Labs, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Alex Shalek
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Cody N German
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Jeremy Snook
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Vijay K Kuchroo
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Nir Yosef
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Raymond C Chan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Aviv Regev
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142
| | - Matthew A Williams
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
| | - Dean Tantin
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84112
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22
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Lorvik KB, Haabeth OAW, Clancy T, Bogen B, Corthay A. Molecular profiling of tumor-specific T H1 cells activated in vivo. Oncoimmunology 2014; 2:e24383. [PMID: 23762808 PMCID: PMC3667914 DOI: 10.4161/onci.24383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The central role of tumor-specific TH1 cells in anticancer immune responses is becoming increasingly appreciated. However, little is known about how these cells are generated in vivo. Here, we used flow cytometry and gene expression microarrays to characterize the primary activation and TH1 differentiation of naïve tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in a mouse model of cancer immunosurveillance. We took advantage of T-cell receptor-transgenic mice in which CD4+ T cells recognize a tumor-specific antigen secreted by MHC class II-negative MOPC315 myeloma cells. Cancer cells were injected subcutaneously and T-cell activation was analyzed in draining lymph nodes and at the incipient tumor site 8 d later. Upon activation and migration to incipient tumor sites, tumor-specific CD4+ T cells exhibited the upregulation of 29 cell-surface molecules (CD2, CD5, CD11a, CD18, CD25, CD28, CD44, CD45, CD49d, CD51, CD54, CD69, CD71, CD83, CD86, CD90, CD95, CD102, CD122, CD153, CD166, CD200, CD249, CD254, CD274, CD279, Ly6C, MHC class I and CCR7) and the downregulation of five (CD27, CD31, CD45RB, CD62L and CD126). Activated CD4+ T cells produced interferon γ, a cytokine consistent with a TH1-polarized response, tumor necrosis factor α as well as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-3 and IL-10. The activation of naïve tumor-specific CD4+ T cells in draining lymph nodes resulted in the upregulation of 609 genes and the downregulation of 284 genes. The bioinformatic analysis of differentially expressed genes identified functional pathways related to tumor-specific TH1 cell activation. This study may represent a useful resource to guide the development of TH1-based immunotherapies against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Berg Lorvik
- Centre for Immune Regulation; Department of Immunology; Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet and University of Oslo; Oslo, Norway
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23
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Flórez-Vargas O, Bramhall M, Noyes H, Cruickshank S, Stevens R, Brass A. The quality of methods reporting in parasitology experiments. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101131. [PMID: 25076044 PMCID: PMC4116335 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing concern both inside and outside the scientific community over the lack of reproducibility of experiments. The depth and detail of reported methods are critical to the reproducibility of findings, but also for making it possible to compare and integrate data from different studies. In this study, we evaluated in detail the methods reporting in a comprehensive set of trypanosomiasis experiments that should enable valid reproduction, integration and comparison of research findings. We evaluated a subset of other parasitic (Leishmania, Toxoplasma, Plasmodium, Trichuris and Schistosoma) and non-parasitic (Mycobacterium) experimental infections in order to compare the quality of method reporting more generally. A systematic review using PubMed (2000-2012) of all publications describing gene expression in cells and animals infected with Trypanosoma spp was undertaken based on PRISMA guidelines; 23 papers were identified and included. We defined a checklist of essential parameters that should be reported and have scored the number of those parameters that are reported for each publication. Bibliometric parameters (impact factor, citations and h-index) were used to look for association between Journal and Author status and the quality of method reporting. Trichuriasis experiments achieved the highest scores and included the only paper to score 100% in all criteria. The mean of scores achieved by Trypanosoma articles through the checklist was 65.5% (range 32-90%). Bibliometric parameters were not correlated with the quality of method reporting (Spearman's rank correlation coefficient <-0.5; p>0.05). Our results indicate that the quality of methods reporting in experimental parasitology is a cause for concern and it has not improved over time, despite there being evidence that most of the assessed parameters do influence the results. We propose that our set of parameters be used as guidelines to improve the quality of the reporting of experimental infection models as a pre-requisite for integrating and comparing sets of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Flórez-Vargas
- Bio-health Informatics Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Bramhall
- Bio-health Informatics Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Harry Noyes
- School of Biological Science, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Sheena Cruickshank
- Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Stevens
- Bio-health Informatics Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andy Brass
- Bio-health Informatics Group, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester Immunology Group, Faculty of Life Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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24
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Strutt TM, McKinstry KK, Marshall NB, Vong AM, Dutton RW, Swain SL. Multipronged CD4(+) T-cell effector and memory responses cooperate to provide potent immunity against respiratory virus. Immunol Rev 2014; 255:149-64. [PMID: 23947353 DOI: 10.1111/imr.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, the known spectrum of CD4(+) T-cell effector subsets has become much broader, and it has become clear that there are multiple dimensions by which subsets with a particular cytokine commitment can be further defined, including their stage of differentiation, their location, and, most importantly, their ability to carry out discrete functions. Here, we focus on our studies that highlight the synergy among discrete subsets, especially those defined by helper and cytotoxic function, in mediating viral protection, and on distinctions between CD4(+) T-cell effectors located in spleen, draining lymph node, and in tissue sites of infection. What emerges is a surprising multiplicity of CD4(+) T-cell functions that indicate a large arsenal of mechanisms by which CD4(+) T cells act to combat viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara M Strutt
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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25
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Meira M, Sievers C, Hoffmann F, Derfuss T, Kuhle J, Kappos L, Lindberg RLP. MiR-126: a novel route for natalizumab action? Mult Scler 2014; 20:1363-70. [DOI: 10.1177/1352458514524998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Background: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a family of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression that mediate diverse aspects of immunity. MiRNA dysregulation has been found in multiple sclerosis (MS), reflecting the growing need to identify disease-specific miRNA expression signatures. Our previous low-density array studies reveal differential miR-126 expression in the CD4+T cells of untreated relapsing–remitting MS (RRMS) patients. Here, we investigated miR-126 expression in natalizumab-treated patients. Methods: We isolated CD4+ T cells from untreated ( n = 12) and natalizumab-treated MS patients ( n = 24), and from healthy volunteers ( n = 12). We analyzed the expression of miRNAs and potential targets by real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). We assessed specific inhibition of miR-126, in vitro. Results: MiR-126 was down-regulated in cells of patients under natalizumab treatment and up-regulated during relapse, supporting a regulatory role in MS immunopathogenesis. MiR-126 expression correlated with the expression of POU2AF1, a regulator of Spi-B that binds to the promoter/enhancer sequences of JC virus (JCV), the pathogen of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a rare complication of natalizumab treatment. The same trend was found for Spi-B. Strong up-regulation of both genes appeared to be treatment duration-dependent. Specific inhibition experiments supported the link between the expression of miR-126 and POU2AF1/Spi-B. Conclusions: Our findings provided deeper insight into the mode of action of natalizumab, with possible implications for understanding both the effects of natalizumab on MS activity and its specific adverse event profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Meira
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Tobias Derfuss
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jens Kuhle
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Switzerland
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26
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Germinal center‐independent, IgM‐mediated autoimmunity in
sanroque
mice lacking Obf1. Immunol Cell Biol 2013; 92:12-9. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2013.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2013] [Revised: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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27
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Plank M, Maltby S, Mattes J, Foster PS. Targeting translational control as a novel way to treat inflammatory disease: the emerging role of MicroRNAs. Clin Exp Allergy 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cea.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Plank
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
| | - S. Maltby
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
| | | | - P. S. Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences; Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; NSW; Australia
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28
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Foster PS, Plank M, Collison A, Tay HL, Kaiko GE, Li J, Johnston SL, Hansbro PM, Kumar RK, Yang M, Mattes J. The emerging role of microRNAs in regulating immune and inflammatory responses in the lung. Immunol Rev 2013; 253:198-215. [DOI: 10.1111/imr.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul S. Foster
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Maximilian Plank
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Adam Collison
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Hock L. Tay
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Gerard E. Kaiko
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - JingJing Li
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Sebastian L. Johnston
- Airway Disease Infection, National Heart and Lung Institute, Medical Research Council & Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma; Imperial College London; London; UK
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Rakesh K. Kumar
- Department of Pathology, School of Medical Sciences; University of New South Wales; Sydney; Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
| | - Joerg Mattes
- Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease, Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health and Hunter Medical Research Institute; University of Newcastle; Newcastle; Australia
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29
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Sethi A, Kulkarni N, Sonar S, Lal G. Role of miRNAs in CD4 T cell plasticity during inflammation and tolerance. Front Genet 2013; 4:8. [PMID: 23386861 PMCID: PMC3560369 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2013.00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression is tightly regulated in a tuneable, cell-specific and time-dependent manner. Recent advancement in epigenetics and non-coding RNA (ncRNA) revolutionized the concept of gene regulation. In order to regulate the transcription, ncRNA can promptly response to the extracellular signals as compared to transcription factors present in the cells. microRNAs (miRNAs) are ncRNA (~22 bp) encoded in the genome, and present as intergenic or oriented antisense to neighboring genes. The strategic location of miRNA in coding genes helps in the coupled regulation of its expression with host genes. miRNA together with complex machinery called RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) interacts with target mRNA and degrade the mRNA or inhibits the translation. CD4 T cells play an important role in the generation and maintenance of inflammation and tolerance. Cytokines and chemokines present in the inflamed microenvironment controls the differentiation and function of various subsets of CD4 T cells [Th1, Th2, Th17, and regulatory CD4 T cells (Tregs)]. Recent studies suggest that miRNAs play an important role in the development and function of all subsets of CD4 T cells. In current review, we focused on how various miRNAs are regulated by cell's extrinsic and intrinsic signaling, and how miRNAs affect the transdifferentiation of subsets of CD4 T cell and controls their plasticity during inflammation and tolerance.
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30
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Mueller K, Quandt J, Marienfeld RB, Weihrich P, Fiedler K, Claussnitzer M, Laumen H, Vaeth M, Berberich-Siebelt F, Serfling E, Wirth T, Brunner C. Octamer-dependent transcription in T cells is mediated by NFAT and NF-κB. Nucleic Acids Res 2013; 41:2138-54. [PMID: 23293002 PMCID: PMC3575799 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks1349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The transcriptional co-activator BOB.1/OBF.1 was originally identified in B cells and is constitutively expressed throughout B cell development. BOB.1/OBF.1 associates with the transcription factors Oct1 and Oct2, thereby enhancing octamer-dependent transcription. In contrast, in T cells, BOB.1/OBF.1 expression is inducible by treatment of cells with PMA/Ionomycin or by antigen receptor engagement, indicating a marked difference in the regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 expression in B versus T cells. The molecular mechanisms underlying the differential expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 in T and B cells remain largely unknown. Therefore, the present study focuses on mechanisms controlling the transcriptional regulation of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in T cells. We show that both calcineurin- and NF-κB-inhibitors efficiently attenuate the expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 in T cells. In silico analyses of the BOB.1/OBF.1 promoter revealed the presence of previously unappreciated combined NFAT/NF-κB sites. An array of genetic and biochemical analyses illustrates the involvement of the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase calcineurin as well as NFAT and NF-κB transcription factors in the transcriptional regulation of octamer-dependent transcription in T cells. Conclusively, impaired expression of BOB.1/OBF.1 and Oct2 and therefore a hampered octamer-dependent transcription may participate in T cell-mediated immunodeficiency caused by the deletion of NFAT or NF-κB transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Mueller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany, Institute of Pathology, University Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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31
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Karnowski A, Chevrier S, Belz GT, Mount A, Emslie D, D'Costa K, Tarlinton DM, Kallies A, Corcoran LM. B and T cells collaborate in antiviral responses via IL-6, IL-21, and transcriptional activator and coactivator, Oct2 and OBF-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 209:2049-64. [PMID: 23045607 PMCID: PMC3478936 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20111504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transcriptional activator Oct2 and cofactor OBF-1 regulate B cell IL-6 to induce T cell production of IL-21, to support Tfh cell development in antiviral immunity. A strong humoral response to infection requires the collaboration of several hematopoietic cell types that communicate via antigen presentation, surface coreceptors and their ligands, and secreted factors. The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been shown to promote the differentiation of activated CD4+ T cells into T follicular helper cells (TFH cells) during an immune response. TFH cells collaborate with B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) during T cell–dependent antibody responses, in part through secretion of critical cytokines such as IL-21. In this study, we demonstrate that loss of either IL-6 or IL-21 has marginal effects on the generation of TFH cells and on the formation of GCs during the response to acute viral infection. However, mice lacking both IL-6 and IL-21 were unable to generate a robust TFH cell–dependent immune response. We found that IL-6 production in follicular B cells in the draining lymph node was an important early event during the antiviral response and that B cell–derived IL-6 was necessary and sufficient to induce IL-21 from CD4+ T cells in vitro and to support TFH cell development in vivo. Finally, the transcriptional activator Oct2 and its cofactor OBF-1 were identified as regulators of Il6 expression in B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Karnowski
- Molecular Immunology Division and 2 Immunology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
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Krinninger P, Brunner C, Ruiz PA, Schneider E, Marx N, Foryst-Ludwig A, Kintscher U, Haller D, Laumen H, Hauner H. Role of the adipocyte-specific NF-κB activity in the regulation of IP-10 and T cell migration. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 300:E304-11. [PMID: 21062959 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00143.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Infiltration of immune cells into adipose tissue plays a central role in the pathophysiology of obesity-associated low-grade inflammation. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of adipocyte NF-κB signaling in the regulation of the chemokine/adipokine interferon-γ-induced protein 10 kDa (IP-10) and adipocyte-mediated T cell migration. Therefore, the regulation of IP-10 was investigated in adipose tissue of male C57BL/6J mice, primary human and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes/adipocytes. To specifically block the NF-κB pathway, 3T3-L1 cells stably overexpressing a transdominant mutant of IκBα were generated, and the chemical NF-κB inhibitor Bay117082 was used. Adipocyte-mediated T cell migration was assessed by a migration assay. It could be shown that IP-10 expression was higher in mature adipocytes compared with preadipocytes. Induced IP-10 expression and secretion were completely blocked by an NF-κB inhibitor in 3T3-L1 and primary human adipocytes. Stable overexpression of a transdominant mutant of IκBα in 3T3-L1 adipocytes led to an inhibition of basal and stimulated IP-10 expression and secretion. T cell migration was induced by 3T3-L1 adipocyte-conditioned medium, and both basal and induced T cell migration was strongly inhibited by stable overexpression of a transdominant IκBα mutant. In addition, with the use of an anti-IP-10 antibody, a significant decrease of adipocyte-induced T cell migration was shown. In conclusion, in this study, we could demonstrate that the NF-κB pathway is essential for the regulation of IP-10 in 3T3-L1 and primary human adipocytes. Adipocytes rather than preadipocytes contribute to NF-κB-dependent IP-10 expression and secretion. Furthermore, NF-κB-dependent factors and especially IP-10 represent novel signals from adipocytes to induce T cell migration.
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Kastner P, Chan S, Vogel WK, Zhang LJ, Topark-Ngarm A, Golonzhka O, Jost B, Le Gras S, Gross MK, Leid M. Bcl11b represses a mature T-cell gene expression program in immature CD4(+)CD8(+) thymocytes. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:2143-54. [PMID: 20544728 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200940258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Bcl11b is a transcription factor that, within the hematopoietic system, is expressed specifically in T cells. Although Bcl11b is required for T-cell differentiation in newborn Bcl11b-null mice, and for positive selection in the adult thymus of mice bearing a T-cell-targeted deletion, the gene network regulated by Bcl11b in T cells is unclear. We report herein that Bcl11b is a bifunctional transcriptional regulator, which is required for the correct expression of approximately 1000 genes in CD4(+)CD8(+)CD3(lo) double-positive (DP) thymocytes. Bcl11b-deficient DP cells displayed a gene expression program associated with mature CD4(+)CD8(-) and CD4(-)CD8(+) single-positive (SP) thymocytes, including upregulation of key transcriptional regulators, such as Zbtb7b and Runx3. Bcl11b interacted with regulatory regions of many dysregulated genes, suggesting a direct role in the transcriptional regulation of these genes. However, inappropriate expression of lineage-associated genes did not result in enhanced differentiation, as deletion of Bcl11b in DP cells prevented development of SP thymocytes, and that of canonical NKT cells. These data establish Bcl11b as a crucial transcriptional regulator in thymocytes, in which Bcl11b functions to prevent the premature expression of genes fundamental to the SP and NKT cell differentiation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Kastner
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, INSERM U964, CNRS UMR7104, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France.
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Neutrophil development and function critically depend on Bruton tyrosine kinase in a mouse model of X-linked agammaglobulinemia. Blood 2010; 117:1329-39. [PMID: 21063022 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-04-281170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bruton tyrosine kinase (Btk) is essential for B cell development and function and also appears to be important for myeloid cells. The bone marrow of Btk-deficient mice shows enhanced granulopoiesis compared with that of wild-type mice. In purified granulocyte-monocyte-progenitors (GMP) from Btk-deficient mice, the development of granulocytes is favored at the expense of monocytes. However, Btk-deficient neutrophils are impaired in maturation and function. Using bone marrow chimeras, we show that this defect is cell-intrinsic to neutrophils. In GMP and neutrophils, Btk plays a role in GM-CSF- and Toll-like receptor-induced differentiation. Molecular analyses revealed that expression of the lineage-determining transcription factors C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, and PU.1, depends on Btk. In addition, expression of several granule proteins, including myeloperoxidase, neutrophilic granule protein, gelatinase and neutrophil elastase, is Btk-dependent. In the Arthus reaction, an acute inflammatory response, neutrophil migration into tissues, edema formation, and hemorrhage are significantly reduced in Btk-deficient animals. Together, our findings implicate Btk as an important regulator of neutrophilic granulocyte maturation and function in vivo.
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Oglesby IK, McElvaney NG, Greene CM. MicroRNAs in inflammatory lung disease--master regulators or target practice? Respir Res 2010; 11:148. [PMID: 21029443 PMCID: PMC2984500 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-11-148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/28/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a class of regulatory RNAs with immense significance in numerous biological processes. When aberrantly expressed miRNAs have been shown to play a role in the pathogenesis of several disease states. Extensive research has explored miRNA involvement in the development and fate of immune cells and in both the innate and adaptive immune responses whereby strong evidence links miRNA expression to signalling pathways and receptors with critical roles in the inflammatory response such as NF-κB and the toll-like receptors, respectively. Recent studies have revealed that unique miRNA expression profiles exist in inflammatory lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. Evaluation of the global expression of miRNAs provides a unique opportunity to identify important target gene sets regulating susceptibility and response to infection and treatment, and control of inflammation in chronic airway disorders. Over 800 human miRNAs have been discovered to date, however the biological function of the majority remains to be uncovered. Understanding the role that miRNAs play in the modulation of gene expression leading to sustained chronic pulmonary inflammation is important for the development of new therapies which focus on prevention of disease progression rather than symptom relief. Here we discuss the current understanding of miRNA involvement in innate immunity, specifically in LPS/TLR4 signalling and in the progression of the chronic inflammatory lung diseases cystic fibrosis, COPD and asthma. miRNA in lung cancer and IPF are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene K Oglesby
- Respiratory Research Division, Department of Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Antagonism of microRNA-126 suppresses the effector function of TH2 cells and the development of allergic airways disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:18704-9. [PMID: 19843690 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0905063106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Allergic asthma is an inflammatory disease of the lung characterized by abnormal T helper-2 (T(H)2) lymphocyte responses to inhaled antigens. The molecular mechanisms leading to the generation of T(H)2 responses remain unclear, although toll-like receptors (TLRs) present on innate immune cells play a pivotal role in sensing molecular patterns and in programming adaptive T cell responses. Here we show that in vivo activation of TLR4 by house dust mite antigens leads to the induction of allergic disease, a process that is associated with expression of a unique subset of small, noncoding microRNAs. Selective blockade of microRNA (miR)-126 suppressed the asthmatic phenotype, resulting in diminished T(H)2 responses, inflammation, airways hyperresponsiveness, eosinophil recruitment, and mucus hypersecretion. miR-126 blockade resulted in augmented expression of POU domain class 2 associating factor 1, which activates the transcription factor PU.1 that alters T(H)2 cell function via negative regulation of GATA3 expression. In summary, this study presents a functional connection between miRNA expression and asthma pathogenesis, and our data suggest that targeting miRNA in the airways may lead to anti-inflammatory treatments for allergic asthma.
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Hess K, Ushmorov A, Fiedler J, Brenner RE, Wirth T. TNFalpha promotes osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells by triggering the NF-kappaB signaling pathway. Bone 2009; 45:367-76. [PMID: 19414075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2009.04.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 04/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are multipotent cells able to differentiate into different mesenchymal lineages. Studies in the past had suggested that two of these mesenchymal differentiation directions, the chondrogenic and the myogenic differentiation, are negatively regulated by the transcription factor NF-kappaB. Although osteogenic differentiation has been extensively studied, the influence of NF-kappaB on this differentiation lineage was not subject of detailed analyses in the past. We have analyzed the consequences of TNF-alpha treatment and genetic manipulation of the NF-kappaB pathway for osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. Treatment of hMSCs during differentiation with TNF-alpha activates NF-kappaB and this results in enhanced expression of osteogenetic proteins like bone morphogenetic protein2 (BMP-2) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). In addition, enhanced matrix mineralization was observed. The direct contribution of the NF-kappaB pathway was confirmed in cells that express a constitutively active version of the NF-kappaB-inducing kinase IKK2 (CA-IKK2). The IKK2/NF-kappaB-induced BMP-2 up-regulation results in the enhancement of RUNX2 and Osterix expression, two critical regulators of the osteogenic differentiation program. Interestingly, a genetic block of the NF-kappaB pathway did not interfere with osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that TNFalpha mediated NF-kappaB activation, although not absolutely required for BMP-2 expression and matrix mineralization nevertheless supports osteogenic differentiation and matrix mineralization by increasing BMP-2 expression. Our results therefore suggest that NF-kappaB activation may function in lineage selection during differentiation of hMSCs by fostering osteogenic differentiation at the expense of other differentiation lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Hess
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany
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Ahyi ANN, Chang HC, Dent AL, Nutt SL, Kaplan MH. IFN regulatory factor 4 regulates the expression of a subset of Th2 cytokines. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:1598-606. [PMID: 19592658 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0803302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Th2 cells can be subdivided into subpopulations depending on the level of a cytokine and the subsets of cytokines they produce. We have recently identified the ETS family transcription factor PU.1 as regulating heterogeneity in Th2 populations. To define additional factors that might contribute to Th2 heterogeneity, we examined the PU.1 interacting protein IFN-regulatory factor (IRF)4. When Th2 cells are separated based on levels of IL-10 secretion, IRF4 expression segregates into the subset of Th2 cells expressing high levels of IL-10. Infection of total Th2 cells, and IL-10 nonsecreting cells, with retrovirus-expressing IRF4, resulted in increased IL-4 and IL-10 expression, no change in IL-5 or IL-13 production and decreased Il9 transcription. Transfection of an IRF4-specific small interfering RNA into Th2 cells decreases IL-10 production. IRF4 directly binds the Il10 gene as evidenced by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and regulates Il10 control elements in a reporter assay. IRF4 interacts with PU.1, and in PU.1-deficient T cells there was an increase in IRF4 binding to the Il10 gene, and in the ability of IRF4 to induce IL-10 production compared with wild-type cells and Il10 promoter activity in a reporter assay. Further heterogeneity of IRF4 expression was observed in Th2 cells analyzed for expression of multiple Th2 cytokines. Thus, IRF4 promotes the expression of a subset of Th2 cytokines and contributes to Th2 heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayele-Nati N Ahyi
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Walther Cancer Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Histone acetyltransferase CBP is vital to demarcate conventional and innate CD8+ T-cell development. Mol Cell Biol 2009; 29:3894-904. [PMID: 19433445 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01598-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defining the chromatin modifications and transcriptional mechanisms that direct the development of different T-cell lineages is a major challenge in immunology. The transcriptional coactivators CREB binding protein (CBP) and the closely related p300, which comprise the KAT3 family of histone/protein lysine acetyltransferases, interact with over 50 T-lymphocyte-essential transcriptional regulators. We show here that CBP, but not p300, modulates the thymic development of conventional adaptive T cells versus those having unconventional innate functions. Conditional inactivation of CBP in the thymus yielded CD8 single-positive (SP) thymocytes with an effector-, memory-, or innate-like T-cell phenotype. In this regard, CD8 SP thymocytes in CBP mutant mice were phenotypically similar to those reported for Itk and Rlk protein tyrosine kinase mutants, including the increased expression of the T-cell master regulatory transcription factor eomesodermin (Eomes) and the interleukin-2 and -15 receptor beta chain (CD122) and an enhanced ability to rapidly produce gamma interferon. CBP was required for the expression of the Itk-dependent genes Egr2, Egr3, and Il2, suggesting that CBP helps mediate Itk-responsive transcription. CBP therefore defines a nuclear component of the signaling pathways that demarcate the development of innate and adaptive naïve CD8(+) T cells in the thymus.
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Gaucher D, Therrien R, Kettaf N, Angermann BR, Boucher G, Filali-Mouhim A, Moser JM, Mehta RS, Drake DR, Castro E, Akondy R, Rinfret A, Yassine-Diab B, Said EA, Chouikh Y, Cameron MJ, Clum R, Kelvin D, Somogyi R, Greller LD, Balderas RS, Wilkinson P, Pantaleo G, Tartaglia J, Haddad EK, Sékaly RP. Yellow fever vaccine induces integrated multilineage and polyfunctional immune responses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 205:3119-31. [PMID: 19047440 PMCID: PMC2605227 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Correlates of immune-mediated protection to most viral and cancer vaccines are still unknown. This impedes the development of novel vaccines to incurable diseases such as HIV and cancer. In this study, we have used functional genomics and polychromatic flow cytometry to define the signature of the immune response to the yellow fever (YF) vaccine 17D (YF17D) in a cohort of 40 volunteers followed for up to 1 yr after vaccination. We show that immunization with YF17D leads to an integrated immune response that includes several effector arms of innate immunity, including complement, the inflammasome, and interferons, as well as adaptive immunity as shown by an early T cell response followed by a brisk and variable B cell response. Development of these responses is preceded, as demonstrated in three independent vaccination trials and in a novel in vitro system of primary immune responses (modular immune in vitro construct [MIMIC] system), by the coordinated up-regulation of transcripts for specific transcription factors, including STAT1, IRF7, and ETS2, which are upstream of the different effector arms of the immune response. These results clearly show that the immune response to a strong vaccine is preceded by coordinated induction of master transcription factors that lead to the development of a broad, polyfunctional, and persistent immune response that integrates all effector cells of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Gaucher
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CR-CHUM) Saint-Luc, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Crispín JC, Tsokos GC. Transcriptional regulation of IL-2 in health and autoimmunity. Autoimmun Rev 2008; 8:190-5. [PMID: 18723131 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2008.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of IL-2 production is central to our understanding of the immune system. Key during T cell activation, it also plays an essential role in the regulation of the immune response. This review discusses the function of recently described factors that modulate transcription and chromatin remodeling at the IL2 promoter. Also, it addresses the role of FoxP3 as a transcriptional regulator in conventional T cells and regulatory T cells, and the mechanisms whereby CD28 stabilizes IL2 transcription and translation. Finally, the alterations that prevent T cells from SLE patients from producing normal amounts of IL-2 upon stimulation are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Crispín
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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NF-kappaB activation by the viral oncoprotein StpC enhances IFN-gamma production in T cells. Immunol Cell Biol 2008; 86:622-30. [PMID: 18560378 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2008.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) is an essential regulator of innate and adaptive immune responses and a hallmark of the Th1 T-cell subset. It is produced at high levels by human T lymphocytes upon transformation with Herpesvirus saimiri, which depends on the expression of the viral oncoproteins saimiri transformation-associated protein of subgroup C (StpC) and tyrosine kinase-interacting protein (Tip). Here, we show that IFN-gamma production was induced by Tip in Jurkat T cells. StpC by itself did not affect IFN-gamma expression, but enhanced the effect of Tip. Our results substantiated the findings that StpC induces NF-kappaB activation and demonstrated that other transcription factors, including NFAT, AP-1 and serum response element regulators, were not activated by StpC in unstimulated T cells. Studies using StpC mutants deficient in NF-kappaB activation, dominant negative IkappaBalpha and constitutively active IKK2, established the importance of NF-kappaB in StpC-mediated upregulation of IFN-gamma production. These observations suggest that NF-kappaB induction by StpC contributes to the Th1-like phenotype of virus-transformed human T cells.
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AlphaPIX Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor regulates lymphocyte functions and antigen receptor signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2008; 28:3776-89. [PMID: 18378701 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00507-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
AlphaPIX is a Rho GTPase guanine nucleotide exchange factor domain-containing signaling protein that associates with other proteins involved in cytoskeletal-membrane complexes. It has been shown that PIX proteins play roles in some immune cells, including neutrophils and T cells. In this study, we report the immune system phenotype of alphaPIX knockout mice. We extended alphaPIX expression experiments and found that whereas alphaPIX was specific to immune cells, its homolog betaPIX was expressed in a wider range of cells. Mice lacking alphaPIX had reduced numbers of mature lymphocytes and defective immune responses. Antigen receptor-directed proliferation of alphaPIX(-) T and B cells was also reduced, but basal migration was enhanced. Accompanying these defects, formation of T-cell-B-cell conjugates and recruitment of PAK and Lfa-1 integrin to the immune synapse were impaired in the absence of alphaPIX. Proximal antigen receptor signaling was largely unaffected, with the exception of reduced phosphorylation of PAK and expression of GIT2 in both T cells and B cells. These results reveal specific roles for alphaPIX in the immune system and suggest that redundancy with betaPIX precludes a more severe immune phenotype.
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In Brief. Nat Rev Immunol 2007. [DOI: 10.1038/nri2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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