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Crystallographic mining of ASK1 regulators to unravel the intricate PPI interfaces for the discovery of small molecule. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3734-3754. [PMID: 35891784 PMCID: PMC9294202 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein seldom performs biological activities in isolation. Understanding the protein–protein interactions’ physical rewiring in response to pathological conditions or pathogen infection can help advance our comprehension of disease etiology, progression, and pathogenesis, which allow us to explore the alternate route to control the regulation of key target interactions, timely and effectively. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is now a global public health problem exacerbated due to the lack of appropriate treatments. The most advanced anti-NASH lead compound (selonsertib) is withdrawn, though it is able to inhibit its target Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) completely, indicating the necessity to explore alternate routes rather than complete inhibition. Understanding the interaction fingerprints of endogenous regulators at the molecular level that underpin disease formation and progression may spur the rationale of designing therapeutic strategies. Based on our analysis and thorough literature survey of the various key regulators and PTMs, the current review emphasizes PPI-based drug discovery’s relevance for NASH conditions. The lack of structural detail (interface sites) of ASK1 and its regulators makes it challenging to characterize the PPI interfaces. This review summarizes key regulators interaction fingerprinting of ASK1, which can be explored further to restore the homeostasis from its hyperactive states for therapeutics intervention against NASH.
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Key Words
- ASK1
- ASK1, Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- CFLAR, CASP8 and FADD-like apoptosis regulator
- CREG, Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes
- DKK3, Dickkopf-related protein 3
- Interaction fingerprint
- NAFLD, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
- NASH
- NASH, Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
- PPI, Protein-protein interaction
- PTM, Post-trancriptional modification
- PTMs
- Protein-protein interaction
- TNFAIP3, TNF Alpha Induced Protein 3
- TRAF2/6, Tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR)-associated factor2/6
- TRIM48, Tripartite Motif Containing 48
- TRX, Thioredoxin
- USP9X, Ubiquitin Specific Peptidase 9 X-Linked
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RNF166 plays a dual role for Lys63-linked ubiquitination and sumoylation of its target proteins. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:463-475. [PMID: 34837535 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination and sumoylation are two important posttranslational modifications in cells. RING (Really Interesting New Gene)-type E3 ligases play essential roles in regulating a plethora of biological processes such as cell survival and death. In our previous study, we performed a microarray using inputs from MN9D dopaminergic neuronal cells treated with 6-hydroxydopamine and identified a novel RING-type E3 ligase, RNF166. We showed that RNF166 exerts proapoptotic effects via ubiquitin-dependent degradation of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis and subsequent overactivation of caspase-dependent neuronal death following 6-hydroxydopamine treatment. In the present study, we further expanded the list of RNF166's binding substrates using mass spectral analyses of immunoprecipitates obtained from RNF166-overexpressing HEK293 cells. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1, ATPase WRNIP1, X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 5 (Ku80), and replication protein A 70 were identified as potential binding partners of RNF166. Additionally, we confirmed that RNF166 interacts with and forms lysine 63-linked polyubiquitin chains in Ku80. Consequently, these events promoted the increased stability of Ku80. Intriguingly, we found that RNF166 also contains distinct consensus sequences termed SUMO-interacting motifs and interacts with apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1). We determined that RNF166 induces the sumoylation of ASK1. Overall, our data provide novel evidence that RNF166 has a dual function of Lys63-linked ubiquitination and sumoylation of its cellular targets.
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Nishida T, Hattori K, Watanabe K. The regulatory and signaling mechanisms of the ASK family. Adv Biol Regul 2017; 66:2-22. [PMID: 28669716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as members of the ASK family. The ASK family is activated by various intrinsic and extrinsic stresses, including oxidative stress, ER stress and osmotic stress. Numerous lines of evidence have revealed that members of the ASK family are critical for signal transduction systems to control a wide range of stress responses such as cell death, differentiation and cytokine induction. In this review, we focus on the precise signaling mechanisms of the ASK family in response to diverse stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuto Nishida
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuki Hattori
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Kengo Watanabe
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan.
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Bernt A, Rangrez AY, Eden M, Jungmann A, Katz S, Rohr C, Müller OJ, Katus HA, Sossalla ST, Williams T, Ritter O, Frank D, Frey N. Sumoylation-independent activation of Calcineurin-NFAT-signaling via SUMO2 mediates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35758. [PMID: 27767176 PMCID: PMC5073337 DOI: 10.1038/srep35758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify unknown modulators of Calcineurin (Cn)-NFAT signaling. Measurement of NFAT reporter driven luciferase activity was therefore utilized to screen a human cardiac cDNA-library (~107 primary clones) in C2C12 cells through serial dilutions until single clones could be identified. This extensive screening strategy culminated in the identification of SUMO2 as a most efficient Cn-NFAT activator. SUMO2-mediated activation of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes translated into a hypertrophic phenotype. Prohypertrophic effects were also observed in mice expressing SUMO2 in the heart using AAV9 (Adeno-associated virus), complementing the in vitro findings. In addition, increased SUMO2-mediated sumoylation in human cardiomyopathy patients and in mouse models of cardiomyopathy were observed. To decipher the underlying mechanism, we generated a sumoylation-deficient SUMO2 mutant (ΔGG). Surprisingly, ΔGG replicated Cn-NFAT-activation and the prohypertrophic effects of native SUMO2, both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting a sumoylation-independent mechanism. Finally, we discerned a direct interaction between SUMO2 and CnA, which promotes CnA nuclear localization. In conclusion, we identified SUMO2 as a novel activator of Cn-NFAT signaling in cardiomyocytes. In broader terms, these findings reveal an unexpected role for SUMO2 in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy, which may open the possibility for therapeutic manipulation of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Bernt
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ashraf Y Rangrez
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Eden
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Jungmann
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sylvia Katz
- Dept of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudia Rohr
- Dept of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Oliver J Müller
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hugo A Katus
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine III, University of Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Samuel T Sossalla
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Ritter
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany.,Dept of Internal Medicine I (Cardiology), University Hospital of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Derk Frank
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
| | - Norbert Frey
- Dept of Internal Medicine III (Cardiology and Angiology) UKSH, Campus Kiel, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Hamburg-Kiel-Lübeck, Kiel, Germany
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Yang P, Hu S, Yang F, Guan XQ, Wang SQ, Zhu P, Xiong F, Zhang S, Xu J, Yu QL, Wang CY. Sumoylation modulates oxidative stress relevant to the viability and functionality of pancreatic beta cells. Am J Transl Res 2014; 6:353-360. [PMID: 25075252 PMCID: PMC4113497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Sumoylation is an evolutionarily conserved regulatory mechanism to play an important role in various cellular processes through modulation of protein localization, stability and functionality. Recent studies including ours have consistently demonstrated that sumoylation provides protection for cells against oxidative stress. Given that pancreatic beta cells are a vulnerable target of oxidative stress, we thus in this minireview, updated the advancement of sumoylation in the regulation of ROS generation, and discussed its impact on several critical signaling pathways relevant to beta cells against oxidative stress and maintenance of functionality. Specifically, we bring together how sumoylation represses intracellular ROS formation, and protects beta cells against oxidative stress through regulating IκB/NFκB, JNK/c-Jun, and Maf/Nrf2 pathways. The tight implication of sumoylation in oxidative stress reflects that it could be an essential mechanism for beta cells to adapt to the detrimental cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shuang Hu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Fei Yang
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Yangtze University55 Jianghan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
| | - Xiang-Qian Guan
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan 523808, China
| | - Shi-Qiang Wang
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular InstituteGuangzhou 510080, China
| | - Fei Xiong
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Junfa Xu
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan 523808, China
| | - Qi-Lin Yu
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cong-Yi Wang
- The Center for Biomedical Research, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology1095 Jiefang Ave., Wuhan 430030, China
- Department of Immunology, Medical College of Yangtze University55 Jianghan Road, Jingzhou, Hubei 434023, China
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Guangdong Medical CollegeDongguan 523808, China
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Feligioni M, Nisticò R. SUMO: a (oxidative) stressed protein. Neuromolecular Med 2013; 15:707-19. [PMID: 24052421 DOI: 10.1007/s12017-013-8266-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Redox species are produced during the physiological cellular metabolism of a normal tissue. In turn, their presence is also attributed to pathological conditions including neurodegenerative diseases. Many are the molecular changes that occur during the unbalance of the redox homeostasis. Interestingly, posttranslational protein modifications (PTMs) play a remarkable role. In fact, several target proteins are modified in their activation, localization, aggregation, and expression after the cellular stress. Among PTMs, protein SUMOylation represents a very important molecular modification pathway during "oxidative stress". It has been reported that this ubiquitin-like modification is a fine sensor for redox species. Indeed, SUMOylation pathway efficiency is affected by the exposure to oxidative species in a different manner depending on the concentration and time of application. Thus, we here report updated evidence that states the role of SUMOylation in several pathological conditions, and we also outline the key involvement of c-Jun N-terminal kinase and small ubiquitin modifier pathway cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Feligioni
- Laboratory of Pharmacology of Synaptic Plasticity, EBRI "Rita Levi-Montalcini" Foundation, Via del Fosso di Fiorano 64/65, 00143, Rome, Italy,
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Rajan S, Torres J, Thompson MS, Philipson LH. SUMO downregulates GLP-1-stimulated cAMP generation and insulin secretion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E714-23. [PMID: 22234371 PMCID: PMC3311292 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00486.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based incretin therapy is becoming central to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Activation of incretin hormone receptors results in rapid elevation of cAMP followed by enhanced insulin secretion. However, the incretin effect may be significantly impaired in diabetes. The objective of this study is to investigate downregulation of GLP-1 signaling by small ubiquitin-related modifier protein (SUMO). Mouse islets exposed to high glucose showed increased expression of endogenous SUMO transcripts and its conjugating enzyme Ubc-9. Overexpression of SUMO-1 in mouse insulinoma 6 (MIN6) cells and primary mouse β-cells resulted in reduced static and real-time estimates of intracellular cAMP upon receptor stimulation with exendin-4, a GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist. GLP1-R was covalently modified by SUMO. Overexpression of SUMO-1 attenuated cell surface trafficking of GLP-1R, which resulted in significantly reduced insulin secretion when stimulated by exendin-4. Partial knock down of SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc-9 resulted in enhanced exendin-4-stimulated insulin secretion in mouse islets exposed to high glucose. Thus, SUMO modification of the GLP-1R could be a contributing factor to reduced incretin responsiveness. Elucidating mechanisms of GLP-1R regulation by sumoylation will help improve our understanding of incretin biology and of GLP-1-based treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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Feligioni M, Brambilla E, Camassa A, Sclip A, Arnaboldi A, Morelli F, Antoniou X, Borsello T. Crosstalk between JNK and SUMO signaling pathways: deSUMOylation is protective against H2O2-induced cell injury. PLoS One 2011; 6:e28185. [PMID: 22164242 PMCID: PMC3229511 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0028185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress is a key feature in the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. Following oxidative stress stimuli a wide range of pathways are activated and contribute to cellular death. The mechanism that couples c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling, a key pathway in stress conditions, to the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO), an emerging protein in the field, is largely unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS With this study we investigated if SUMOylation participates in the regulation of JNK activation as well as cellular death in a model of H(2)O(2) induced-oxidative stress. Our data show that H(2)O(2) modulates JNK activation and induces cellular death in neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Inhibition of JNK's action with the D-JNKI1 peptide rescued cells from death. Following H(2)O(2), SUMO-1 over-expression increased phosphorylation of JNK and exacerbated cell death, although only in conditions of mild oxidative stress. Furthermore inhibition of SUMOylation, following transfection with SENP1, interfered with JNK activation and rescued cells from H(2)O(2) induced death. Importantly, in our model, direct interaction between these proteins can occur. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Taken together our results show that SUMOylation may significantly contribute to modulation of JNK activation and contribute to cell death in oxidative stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Feligioni
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Elisa Brambilla
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Agata Camassa
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Sclip
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Arnaboldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Xanthi Antoniou
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
| | - Tiziana Borsello
- Department of Neuroscience, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Meinecke I, Pap G, Mendoza H, Drange S, Ender S, Strietholt S, Gay RE, Seyfert C, Ink B, Gay S, Pap T, Peters MA. Small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 [corrected] mediates the resistance of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes against Fas-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2065-70. [PMID: 19565496 DOI: 10.1002/art.24633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the expression of small ubiquitin-like modifier 1 (SUMO-1) in aseptic loosening of prosthesis implants and to investigate its role in regulating the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) to Fas-induced apoptosis. METHODS Specimens of aseptically loosened tissue were obtained at revision surgery, and the expression of SUMO-1 was analyzed by in situ hybridization. SUMO-1 levels in FLS were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to study the subcellular localization of SUMO-1. The functional role of SUMO-1 in Fas-induced apoptosis of prosthesis-loosening FLS was investigated by small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of SUMO-1 and by gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1. RESULTS SUMO-1 was expressed strongly in aseptically loosened tissue and was found prominently at sites adjacent to bone. Prosthesis-loosening FLS expressed levels of SUMO-1 similar to the levels expressed by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) FLS, with SUMO-1 being found mainly in promyelocytic leukemia protein nuclear bodies. Knockdown of SUMO-1 had no effect on spontaneous apoptosis but significantly increased the susceptibility of prosthesis-loosening FLS to Fas-induced apoptosis. Gene transfer of the nuclear SUMO-specific protease SENP1 reverted the apoptosis-inhibiting effects of SUMO-1. CONCLUSION These data suggest that SUMO-1 is involved in the activation of both RA FLS and prosthesis-loosening FLS by preventing these cells from undergoing apoptosis. Modification of nuclear proteins by SUMO-1 contributes to the antiapoptotic effects of SUMO-1 in prosthesis-loosening FLS, providing evidence for the specific activation of sumoylation during their differentiation. Therefore, SUMO-1 may be an interesting target for novel strategies to prevent aseptic prosthesis loosening.
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Volynets GP, Bdzhola VG, Kukharenko OP, Sovetova OV, Yarmoluk SM. Protein kinase ASK1 as potential therapeutic target. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.7124/bc.0007da] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. P. Volynets
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - V. G. Bdzhola
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - O. P. Kukharenko
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - O. V. Sovetova
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
| | - S. M. Yarmoluk
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
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Shan SF, Wang LF, Zhai JW, Qin Y, Ouyang HF, Kong YY, Liu J, Wang Y, Xie YH. Modulation of transcriptional corepressor activity of prospero-related homeobox protein (Prox1) by SUMO modification. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:3723-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.09.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Takeda K, Noguchi T, Naguro I, Ichijo H. Apoptosis Signal-Regulating Kinase 1 in Stress and Immune Response. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2008; 48:199-225. [PMID: 17883330 DOI: 10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.48.113006.094606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase kinase of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways. ASK1 is preferentially activated by various cytotoxic stressors and plays pivotal roles in a wide variety of cellular response to them. Recent analyses of ASK1 orthologs in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster have revealed that ASK1 is an evolutionarily conserved signaling intermediate in stress responses and appears to constitute a primitive but efficient defense system against stimuli harmful to organisms. Consistent with this notion, ASK1 has been shown to be required for the innate immune response, which is essential for host defense against a wide range of pathogens. In this review, we focus on the molecular mechanisms by which ASK1 functions in stress and immune responses and discuss the possible involvement of ASK1 in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohsuke Takeda
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Susceptibility to type 1 diabetes (T1D) is determined by interactions of multiple genes with unknown environmental factors. Despite the characterization of over 20 susceptibility regions for T1D, identification of specific genes in these regions is still a formidable challenge. In 2004, we first reported the cloning of a novel, small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) gene, SUMO4, in the IDDM5 interval on chromosome 6q25, and presented strong genetic and functional evidence suggesting that SUMO4 is a T1D susceptibility gene. Subsequent studies have consistently confirmed this association in multiple Asian populations despite controversial observations in Caucasians. In this review, we will update the genetic evidence supporting SUMO4 as a T1D susceptibility gene and discuss the possible explanations for the discrepant associations observed in Caucasians. We will then discuss the mechanisms through which SUMO4 contributes to the pathogenesis of T1D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yi Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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Park MA, Seok YJ, Jeong G, Lee JS. SUMO1 negatively regulates BRCA1-mediated transcription, via modulation of promoter occupancy. Nucleic Acids Res 2007; 36:263-83. [PMID: 18025037 PMCID: PMC2248730 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkm969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BRCA1, a tumor suppressor gene, is implicated in the repression and activation of transcription via interactions with a diverse range of proteins. The mechanisms regulating the action of BRCA1 are not fully understood. Here, we use the promoters of Gadd45α, p27KIP1 and p21WAF1/CIP1 to demonstrate that SUMO1 represses transactivation potential of BRCA1 by causing BRCA1 to be released from the promoters and augmenting histone deacetylation via recruitment of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. Consistently, silencing of SUMO1 led to recruitment of BRCA1 and release of HDAC1 at the BRCA1 target promoters, and subsequent transcriptional activation of the BRCA1 target genes. Furthermore, a sumoylation-incompetent mutant missing the sumoylation donor site suppressed BRCA1-induced activation of transcription, whereas E2 UBC9 or the dominant-negative mutant UBC9 had no effect, implying that repression of BRCA1-mediated activation of transcription by SUMO1 is independent of sumoylation. Repression of BRCA1-mediated activation of transcription by SUMO1 was reversed by DNA damage by inducing the release of SUMO1 from the Gadd45α promoter and the recruitment of BRCA1, along with increased histone acetylation, to enhance activation of transcription. Together, our data provide evidence that SUMO1 plays a role in the activation-repression switch of BRCA1-mediated transcription via modulation of promoter occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Ae Park
- Department of Biological Sciences & Department of Molecular Science and Technology Ajou University, Suwon, Korea
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Belinda LWC, Wei WX, Hanh BTH, Lei LX, Bow H, Ling DJ. SARM: a novel Toll-like receptor adaptor, is functionally conserved from arthropod to human. Mol Immunol 2007; 45:1732-42. [PMID: 17980913 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2007.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 09/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sterile-alpha and Armadillo motif containing protein (SARM) was recently identified as the fifth member of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) adaptor family. Whilst the Caenorhabditis elegans SARM homologue, TIR-1, is crucial for efficient immune responses against bacterial infections, human SARM was demonstrated to function as a specific inhibitor of TRIF-dependent TLR signaling. The opposing role of SARM in C. elegans and human is intriguing, prompting us to seek clarification on the enigmatic function of SARM in an ancient species which relies solely on innate immunity for survival. Here, we report the discovery of a primitive but functional SARM (CrSARM) in the immune defense of a "living fossil", the horseshoe crab, Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. CrSARM shares numerous signature motifs and displays significant homology with vertebrate and invertebrate SARM homologues. CrSARM downregulates TRIF-dependent TLR signaling suggesting the conservation of SARM function from horseshoe crab to human. During infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, CrSARM is rapidly upregulated within 3h and strongly repressed at 6h, coinciding with the timing of bacterial clearance, thus demonstrating its dynamic role in innate immunity. Furthermore, yeast-two-hybrid screening revealed several potential interaction partners of CrSARM implying the role of SARM in downregulating TLR signaling events. Altogether, our study shows that, although C. elegans SARM upregulates immune signaling, its disparate role as a suppressor of TLR signaling, specifically via TRIF and not MyD88, is well-conserved from horseshoe crab to human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loh Wei-Ching Belinda
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543, Singapore
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17
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Kindsmüller K, Groitl P, Härtl B, Blanchette P, Hauber J, Dobner T. Intranuclear targeting and nuclear export of the adenovirus E1B-55K protein are regulated by SUMO1 conjugation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:6684-9. [PMID: 17428914 PMCID: PMC1871846 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0702158104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the requirements for CRM1-mediated nuclear export and SUMO1 conjugation of the adenovirus E1B-55K protein during productive infection. Our data show that CRM1 is the major export receptor for E1B-55K in infected cells. Functional inactivation of the E1B-55K CRM1-dependent nuclear export signal (NES) or leptomycin B treatment causes an almost complete redistribution of the viral protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus and its accumulation at the periphery of the viral replication centers. Interestingly, however, this nuclear restriction imposed on the wild type and the NES mutant protein is fully compensated by concurrent inactivation of the adjacent SUMO1 conjugation site. Moreover, the same mutation fully reverses defects of the NES mutant in the nucleocytoplasmic transport of Mre11 and proteasomal degradation of p53. These results show that nuclear export of E1B-55K in infected cells occurs via CRM1-dependent and -independent pathways and suggest that SUMO1 conjugation and deconjugation provide a molecular switch that commits E1B-55K to a CRM1-independent export pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathrin Kindsmüller
- *Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Peter Groitl
- *Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Barbara Härtl
- *Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Paola Blanchette
- McGill University, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, QC, Canada H3G 1Y6
| | - Joachim Hauber
- *Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and
| | - Thomas Dobner
- *Heinrich Pette Institute for Experimental Virology and Immunology, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Wang CY, Podolsky R, She JX. Genetic and functional evidence supporting SUMO4 as a type 1 diabetes susceptibility gene. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1079:257-67. [PMID: 17130563 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1375.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomewide linkage analyses since the early 1990s suggested over 20 genomic intervals that may contain susceptibility genes for type 1 diabetes. However, the identification of the specific genes in these intervals presents a formidable challenge due to a number of difficulties associated with genetic mapping and cloning of genes implicated in complex diseases. One of the difficulties is due to the presence of many weak and different susceptibility genes in different patients and populations, a phenomenon known as genetic heterogeneity. In 2004, we reported the cloning of a novel small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) gene, SUMO4, in the IDDM5 interval on chromosome 6q25, and presented strong genetic and functional evidence suggesting that SUMO4 is a susceptibility gene for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this article, we will summarize genetic association data suggesting that SUMO4 is consistently associated with T1DM in the Asian populations while the association is more heterogeneous in the Caucasian populations. We will also discuss the possible molecular pathways through which sumoylation may regulate T1DM and autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong-Yi Wang
- Center for Biotechnology and Genomic Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, 1120 15th Street, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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19
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Um JW, Chung KC. Functional modulation of parkin through physical interaction with SUMO-1. J Neurosci Res 2007; 84:1543-54. [PMID: 16955485 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder and is characterized by the extensive and progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the CNS substantia nigra pars compacta region. Mutations in the parkin gene, which encodes for E3 ubiquitin ligase, have been implicated in autosomal recessive juvenile parkinsonism, an early-onset and common familial form of PD. Although several parkin substrates have already been identified, the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of enzymatic activity of parkin has yet to be clarified. In a previous study, we demonstrated that RanBP2 becomes a new target for parkin E3 ubiquitin ligase and is processed via parkin-mediated ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation. RanBP2, which is localized in the cytoplasmic filament of the nuclear pore complex, belongs to the small ubiquitin-related modifier (SUMO) E3 ligase family. Here we show that parkin appears to bind selectively to the SUMO-1 in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, the physical association of SUMO-1 with parkin results in an increase in the nuclear transport of parkin as well as its self-ubiquitination. Our findings suggest that the E3 ubiquitin ligase activity of parkin and its intracellular localization may be modulated through the SUMO-1 association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Um
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Du JX, Yun CC, Bialkowska A, Yang VW. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 interacts with and up-regulates activities of the pro-proliferative transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 5. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:4782-4793. [PMID: 17178721 PMCID: PMC2212600 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m603413200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Krüppel-like factor 5 (KLF5) is a zinc finger-containing transcription factor that regulates proliferation of various cell types, including fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, and intestinal epithelial cells. To identify proteins that interact with KLF5, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen of a 17-day mouse embryo cDNA library with KLF5 as bait. The screen revealed 21 preys clustered in four groups as follows: proteins mediating gene expression, metabolism, trafficking, and signaling. Among them was protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1), a small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) ligase that regulates transcription factors through SUMOylation or physical interaction. Association between PIAS1 and KLF5 was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Structural determination showed that the acidic domain of PIAS1 bound to both the amino- and carboxyl-terminal regions of KLF5 and that this interaction was inhibited by the amino terminus of PIAS1. Indirect immunofluorescence demonstrated that PIAS1 and KLF5 co-localized to the nucleus. Furthermore, the PIAS1-KLF5 complex was co-localized with the TATA-binding protein and was enriched in RNA polymerase II foci. Transient transfection of COS-7 cells by PIAS1 and KLF5 significantly increased the steady-state protein levels of each other. Luciferase reporter and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that PIAS1 significantly activated the promoters of KLF5 and PIAS1 and synergistically increased the transcriptional activity of KLF5 in activating the cyclin D1 and Cdc2 promoters. Importantly, PIAS1 increased the ability of KLF5 to enhance cell proliferation in transfected cells. These results indicate that PIAS1 is a functional partner of KLF5 and enhances the ability of KLF5 to promote proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James X Du
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - C Chris Yun
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Agnieszka Bialkowska
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Vincent W Yang
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, and the Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322.
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21
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Wang J, Li A, Wang Z, Feng X, Olson EN, Schwartz RJ. Myocardin sumoylation transactivates cardiogenic genes in pluripotent 10T1/2 fibroblasts. Mol Cell Biol 2006; 27:622-32. [PMID: 17101795 PMCID: PMC1800801 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.01160-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardin, a serum response factor (SRF)-dependent cofactor, is a potent activator of smooth muscle gene activity but a poor activator of cardiogenic genes in pluripotent 10T1/2 fibroblasts. Posttranslational modification of GATA4, another myocardin cofactor, by sumoylation strongly activated cardiogenic gene activity. Here, we found that myocardin's activity was strongly enhanced by SUMO-1 via modification of a lysine residue primarily located at position 445 and that the conversion of this residue to arginine (K445R) impaired myocardin transactivation. PIAS1 was involved in governing myocardin activity via its E3 ligase activity that stimulated myocardin sumoylation on an atypical sumoylation site(s) and by its physical association with myocardin. Myocardin initiated the expression of cardiac muscle-specified genes, such as those encoding cardiac alpha-actin and alpha-myosin heavy chain, in an SRF-dependent manner in 10T1/2 fibroblasts, but only in the presence of coexpressed SUMO-1/PIAS1. Thus, SUMO modification acted as a molecular switch to promote myocardin's role in cardiogenic gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- The Institute of Biosciences and Technology, The Texas A&M University Health Science Center, 2121 W. Holcombe, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Wei H, Wang X, Gan B, Urvalek AM, Melkoumian ZK, Guan JL, Zhao J. Sumoylation delimits KLF8 transcriptional activity associated with the cell cycle regulation. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:16664-71. [PMID: 16617055 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m513135200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
KLF8 (Krüppel-like factor 8) is a member of the Krüppel transcription factor family that binds CACCC elements in DNA and activates or represses their target genes in a context-dependent manner. Here we present sumoylation as a novel mechanism that regulates KLF8 post-translationally. We found that KLF8 can be covalently modified by small ubiqitin-like modifier (SUMO)-1, SUMO-2, and SUMO-3 in vivo. We showed that KLF8 interacted with the PIAS family of SUMO E3 ligases PIAS1, PIASy, and PIASxalpha but not with E2 SUMO-conjugating enzyme Ubc9. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the E2 and E3 ligases enhanced the sumoylation of KLF8. In addition, site-directed mutagenesis identified lysine 67 as the major sumoylation site on KLF8. Lysine 67 to arginine mutation strongly enhanced activity of KLF8 as a repressor or activator to its physiological target promoters and as an inducer of the G(1) cell cycle progression. Taken together, our results demonstrated that sumoylation of KLF8 negatively regulates its transcriptional activity and cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wei
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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23
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Erratum: SUMO‐1 represses apoptosis signal‐regulating kinase 1 activation through physical interaction and not through covalent modification. EMBO Rep 2005. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.7400570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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