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Rashid PMA, Salih GF. Genetic Polymorphism of Interleukin-6 in Asymptomatic and ICU-Admitted COVID-19 Patients in Sulaymaniyah Province, Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2024; 28:297-303. [PMID: 38721746 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2023.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in significant fatality rates. Clinical outcomes for affected individuals range from being asymptomatic to severe illnesses requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Among the various factors contributing to the variation in clinical outcomes, host genetics play a prominent role. Interleukin-6 (IL6), a key player in immune responses, has been identified as having a crucial impact on viral infections, including the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Specifically, certain variations known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL6 promoter region have been found to significantly influence IL6 expression and the severity of viral infections. Materials and Methods: To explore the relationship between these genetic variations and COVID-19 in asymptomatic and ICU-admitted Kurdish patients, genetic sequencing was performed to determine the genotypes of nine IL6 SNPs. Results: The study findings revealed that although the proportion of the GG genotype of rs1800795 was slightly higher in asymptomatic COVID-19 cases, the difference was not statistically significant (chi2 = 2.666, p = 0.236). Notably, Kurdish patients displayed a uniform genetic makeup (monomorphic) for the dominant alleles of rs2069830 (C), rs142759801 (C), rs2069857 (C), rs2069829 (G), rs2234683 (G), rs13447446 (T), rs527770772 (C), and rs13447445 (C). Furthermore, patients carrying the haplotype GCGGCTCCC were found to have a 0.481-fold higher likelihood of being asymptomatic with COVID-19 (p = 0.016, OR = 0.481). Conclusions: This study demonstrates that the rs1800795 SNP is not statistically associated with COVID-19 at the genotype level. However, the presence of the dominant G allele of rs1800795 in the haplotype was found to be statistically associated with asymptomatic COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peshnyar M A Rashid
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Gaza F Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Haddaji A, Ouladlahsen A, Lkhider M, Tanouti IA, Abbadi I, Hilmi S, Bensghir R, Guessous F, Pineau P, Marhoum El Filali K, Ezzikouri S. Impact of IL-6 and IL-6r variants on HIV-1 susceptibility and progression to AIDS: a case-control study in a Moroccan population. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024:1-20. [PMID: 38830242 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2024.2359593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is an important regulator of the inflammatory immune response. We aimed to assess the association of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL-6 (rs1800795 G > C, rs1800797 A > G) and interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) (rs2228145 A > C) genes with HIV-1 infection, AIDS progression, and response to treatment. In this case-control study involving 199 individuals living with HIV-1 and 200 HIV-uninfected controls, we conducted genotyping of IL-6/IL-6R SNPs using TaqMan real-time PCR assays. Soluble IL-6 levels were measured using ELISA. No associations were found between the investigated SNPs and HIV infection. However, a significant association was noted between the C-G and G-A haplotypes and susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Additionally, a significant association was revealed between HIV-1 RNA viral loads and IL-6 SNP G > C in the post-treatment HIV group. Interestingly, we observed a significant association between the investigated SNPs and protection against progression to AIDS, namely the IL-6 G > A SNP in its recessive model and the IL-6R A > C SNP in its codominant and dominant models. Nevertheless, we found no significant differences between IL-6 levels and the different genotypes and alleles of the IL-6 gene either before or after combination antiretroviral therapy. IL-6 promoter haplotypes are associated with susceptibility to HIV-1 infection. Furthermore, IL-6 A > G and IL-6R A > C polymorphisms have been associated with protection against AIDS progression. Interestingly, the IL-6 G > C SNP may affect the response to treatment in people living with HIV-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Haddaji
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
- Laboratory of virology, oncology, biosciences, environment and new energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ahd Ouladlahsen
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- Service des maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Mustapha Lkhider
- Laboratory of virology, oncology, biosciences, environment and new energies, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Ikram-Allah Tanouti
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Islam Abbadi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Soufiane Hilmi
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Rajaa Bensghir
- Service des maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Fadila Guessous
- Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences (UM6SS), Casablanca, Morocco
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Pascal Pineau
- Unité "Organisation Nucléaire et Oncogenèse", INSERM U993, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Kamal Marhoum El Filali
- Faculté de médecine et de pharmacie, Université Hassan II, Casablanca, Morocco
- Service des maladies Infectieuses, CHU Ibn Rochd, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Sayeh Ezzikouri
- Virology Unit, Viral Hepatitis Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Maroc, Casablanca, Morocco
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Rashid PMA, Salih GF. Genetic polymorphism between the Sorani and Hawrami kurdish populations and COVID-19 outcome. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5177-5183. [PMID: 37119412 PMCID: PMC10148000 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08448-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic, and mortality and clinical consequences vary across countries. One of the factors influencing COVID-19 outcomes is genetic polymorphism. Two Kurdish populations, Sorani and Hawrami, live in the Sulaimani province of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. It seems Hawrami had a milder COVID-19 outcome. According to previous research conducted on various ethnic groups across the globe, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) and interluken-6 (IL6) genes were associated with the severity of COVID-19 in those populations. METHODS AND RESULTS We hypothesized that Hawrami may have protective SNPs. So, in this study, we used DNA sequencing to genotype three IFITM3 SNPs and nine IL6 SNPs by DNA sequencing to investigate the association of Sorani and Hawrami population polymorphisms. Genotype AA for the rs12252 SNP in IFITM3 was insignificantly more common in the Sorani group (54% vs. 44%). The Hawrami population showed a higher percentage of the CC genotype of the rs34481144 SNP in the IFITM3 gene (62% vs. 44.3%) and a higher proportion of the non-risky GG genotype of the rs1800795 SNP in the IL6 gene (53.4 vs. 43.3); however, the SNPs were insignificantly associated between the two populations. CONCLUSIONS IFITM3 and IL6 SNPs have no statistically significant association between the two Kurdish populations. The decreased proportion of non-risk alleles at rs34481144 and rs1800795 in the Hawrami population may partially support the research hypothesis. However, contrary to our hypothesis, the Sorani group had an insignificantly higher protective variant of the rs12252 SNP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peshnyar M A Rashid
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq.
| | - Gaza F Salih
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
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Singh M, Mastana S, Singh S, Juneja PK, Kaur T, Singh P. Promoter polymorphisms in IL-6 gene influence pro-inflammatory cytokines for the risk of osteoarthritis. Cytokine 2020; 127:154985. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.154985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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NICA REMUS, NICA SILVIA, GOGIANU LARISA, SPANDOLE-DINU SONIA, APIRCIOAIE OANA, ALEXIU OANAANDRADA, TOMA MIAHI, VINTILESCU DORIANA, RADU IRINA, BERCA LAVINIAMARIANA, CIMPONERIU DANUT. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Two Inflammation-Related Genes and Chronic Periodontitis risk in Romanian Adults. ROMANIAN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL LETTERS 2019. [DOI: 10.25083/rbl/24.2/374.380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Alipour S, Sakhinia E, Khabbazi A, Samadi N, Babaloo Z, Azad M, Abolhasani S, Farhadi J, Jadideslam G, Roshanravan N, Nouri M. Methylation status of interleukin-6 gene promoter in patients with Behçet's disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 16:229-234. [PMID: 30076035 DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2018.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND IL-6 mRNA expression is significantly high in many autoimmune diseases such as Behçet's disease; this is often related with more aggressive phenotypes. Nevertheless, the essential molecular process for its high expression has not been completely realized. The aim of this study was undertaken to estimate the gene copy number variation and promoter methylation to IL-6's high expression. METHODS This study was performed on 51 patients and 61 healthy controls. Initially, DNA and RNA were extracted from all specimens. Promoter methylation levels of IL-6 were evaluated by MeDIP-qPCR technique. Also, IL-6 gene expression was measured by Real-time PCR. After that, we evaluated the relationship between gene expression and methylation, as well as their relationship with clinical specification. RESULTS As we expected, the expression level of IL-6 gene increased significantly in the patient group compared to the healthy subjects. Also, the relative promoter methylation level of the IL-6 mRNA was significantly lower in patient group compared to healthy group (p<0.001). DISCUSSION We disclosed that the promoter hypomethylation may be considered as one of the main defects for IL-6 mRNA high expression in patients with Behçet's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Alipour
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Sakhinia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Alireza Khabbazi
- Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Nasser Samadi
- Cancer Biochemistry, Cancer Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zohreh Babaloo
- Department of Immunology Medicine Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Somayeh Abolhasani
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Farhadi
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Golamreza Jadideslam
- Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran; Connective Tissue Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Nibali L. Development of the gingival sulcus at the time of tooth eruption and the influence of genetic factors. Periodontol 2000 2017; 76:35-42. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Marchesan JT, Jiao Y, Moss K, Divaris K, Seaman W, Webster-Cyriaque J, Zhang S, Yu N, Song C, Bencharit S, Teles R, Offenbacher S. Common Polymorphisms in IFI16 and AIM2 Genes Are Associated With Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol 2017; 88:663-672. [PMID: 28387608 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2017.160553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) context of a previously identified periodontitis-associated locus is investigated, and its association with microbial, biologic, and periodontal disease clinical parameters is examined. METHODS A 200-kb spanning region of 1q12 previously highlighted in a genome-wide association scan among 4,766 European American individuals (SNP rs1633266) was annotated. Two haplotype blocks were selected. Association of these polymorphisms with data on microbial plaque composition, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)-interleukin (IL)-1β levels, and clinical parameters of periodontal disease were examined. Descriptive analysis of IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression in gingival tissues from healthy individuals (n = 2) and individuals with chronic periodontitis (n = 2) was done via immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The highlighted locus is a 100-kb region containing the interferon γ-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) and absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2) genes. Two haplotype blocks, rs6940 and rs1057028, were significantly associated with increased extent bleeding on probing and levels of microorganisms Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Campylobacter rectus (P ≤0.05). Haplotype block rs1057028 was also significantly associated with pathogens Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, increased GCF-IL-1β levels, and extent of probing depth ≥4 mm (P ≤0.05). Prevalence of severe periodontitis (biofilm-gingival interface P3 classification) was positively associated with haplotype block rs1057028. Similar trends were observed for haplotype block rs1057028. IFI16 and AIM2 protein expression was observed in multiple cell types of gingival tissues, including inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION This study found IFI16 and AIM2 SNPs associated with higher levels of periodontal microorganisms and an increased percentage of periodontal disease clinical parameters, suggesting the need for functional studies and additional fine-mapping of variants in the 1q12-locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie T Marchesan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Yizu Jiao
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Kevin Moss
- General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Kimon Divaris
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry and Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - William Seaman
- UNC Lineberger, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Jennifer Webster-Cyriaque
- UNC Lineberger, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.,Department of Dental Ecology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Shaoping Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Catharine Song
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Sompop Bencharit
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Ricardo Teles
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Steven Offenbacher
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC.,General Oral Health Clinic, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Nibali L, Di Iorio A, Onabolu O, Lin GH. Periodontal infectogenomics: systematic review of associations between host genetic variants and subgingival microbial detection. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43:889-900. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Clinical Oral Research Centre; Institute of Dentistry; Queen Mary University London (QMUL); London UK
| | - Anna Di Iorio
- Library Services; UCL Eastman Dental Institute; London UK
| | | | - Guo-Hao Lin
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine; University of Michigan School of Dentistry; Ann Arbor MI USA
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Omoyinmi E, Hamaoui R, Bryant A, Jiang MC, Athigapanich T, Eleftheriou D, Hubank M, Brogan P, Woo P. Mitochondrial and oxidative stress genes are differentially expressed in neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab: a pilot microarray study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2016; 14:7. [PMID: 26861863 PMCID: PMC4746827 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-016-0067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of sJIA have been identified through gene expression profiling in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), but not in neutrophils. Since neutrophils are important in tissue damage during inflammation, and are elevated as part of the acute phase response, we hypothesised that neutrophil pathways could also be important in the pathogenesis of sJIA. We therefore studied the gene profile in both PBMC and neutrophils of sJIA patients treated with tocilizumab. METHODS We studied the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and neutrophils from eight paired samples obtained from 4 sJIA patients taken before and after treatment, selected on the basis that they achieved ACR90 responses within 12 weeks of therapy initiation with tocilizumab. RNA was extracted and gene expression profiling was performed using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Genome U133 Plus 2.0 microarray platform. A longitudinal analysis using paired t-test (p < 0.05 and FC ≥ 1.5) was applied to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two time points followed by ingenuity pathway analysis. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and quantitative real-time PCR were then performed to verify the microarray results. RESULTS Gene ontology analysis in neutrophils revealed that response to tocilizumab significantly altered genes regulating mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress (p = 4.6E-05). This was independently verified with GSEA, by identifying a set of oxidative genes whose expression correlated with response to tocilizumab. In PBMC, treatment of sJIA with tocilizumab appeared to affect genes in Oncostatin M signalling and B cell pathways. CONCLUSIONS For the first time we demonstrate that neutrophils from sJIA patients responding to tocilizumab showed significantly different changes in gene expression. These data could highlight the importance of mitochondrial genes that modulate oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of sJIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebun Omoyinmi
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Raja Hamaoui
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, 4th Floor, Rayne Building, 5, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Annette Bryant
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, 4th Floor, Rayne Building, 5, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
| | - Mike Chao Jiang
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Trin Athigapanich
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Despina Eleftheriou
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Mike Hubank
- UCL Genomics, Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
| | - Paul Brogan
- Infection, Inflammation and Rheumatology Section, Institute of Child Health, UCL, London, UK.
| | - Patricia Woo
- Centre for Adolescent Rheumatology, University College London, 4th Floor, Rayne Building, 5, University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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Interleukin-6 promoter polymorphism interacts with pain and life stress influencing depression phenotypes. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2016; 123:541-8. [PMID: 26821321 PMCID: PMC4846685 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-016-1506-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has emerged as a potent biomarker for depression as its elevated plasma levels in patients with clinical depression have been confirmed by meta-analyses. Increased plasma IL-6 concentration was associated with various psychological stress factors and physical disorders accompanied by pain. Another modulator of the IL-6 level is rs1800795, a promoter polymorphism in the IL-6 gene which is able to influence its expression rate. Therefore, we examined in a Hungarian population sample of 1053 volunteers with European origins if rs1800795 polymorphism can affect depression symptoms measured by Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (ZSDS), and Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). We also investigated the interactions of the polymorphism with reported painful physical conditions and Recent Negative Life Events (RLE) measured by the List of Life Threatening Experiences. Rs1800795 significantly interacted with both RLE and painful condition on depressive symptoms measured by ZSDS and BSI using different heritability models, while no main effects of the polymorphism were identified. After correction for multiple testing only the rs1800795 × RLE interaction effect (recessive model) remained significant on the BSI score, while both RLE and painful conditions significantly interacted on the ZSDS. In conclusion, the functional IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphism in interaction with various stress factors increases the risk of depression and has a greater impact on symptoms measured by the ZSDS. Thus, IL-6 and other cytokines may be more relevant in the development of somatic symptoms compared to affective signs of depression, delineating a specific genotype–phenotype relationship in this heterogeneous disorder.
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Schotte H, Schmidt H, Gaubitz M, Drynda S, Kekow J, Willeke P, Schlüter B. Interleukin-6 promoter haplotypes are associated with etanercept response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2015; 34:2021-8. [PMID: 26526676 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-015-3107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Indices prognosticating anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are a matter of interest. Differential outcome under anti-TNF and anti-interleukin-6 (IL-6) therapy raises the question whether genetic polymorphisms that have previously been linked to IL-6 production are associated with response to anti-TNF therapy. Fifty (50) rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients were treated with etanercept (median 36 weeks, range 4-52). In terms of the EULAR response criteria, 25 patients responded well, 17 patients moderately and 8 patients not. By direct sequencing, the patients and 91 matched healthy controls were genotyped for the IL-6 promoter SNPs -597G > A (rs1800797), -572G > C (rs1800796) and -174G > C (rs1800795) and for an AnTn microsatellite tract at -373. Alleles and haplotypes were tested for association with disease susceptibility and therapy response. No significant difference was seen in the genotype distribution between patients and healthy controls. Confirming the results of previous studies, we observed a trend of -174G being more frequent in patients with a good or moderate therapy response. Beyond that, carriage of the A9T11 microsatellite allele within the -174G haplotype was associated most closely with a favourable response (relative risk 1.31; 95 % confidence interval 1.02-1.68). A subtle analysis of the IL-6 promoter giving respect to its complex haplotypic structure results in more precise information as to the association of genotypes with the long-term etanercept response. Despite a conclusive hypothesis that a genetically determined IL-6-dominated RA responds less well to anti-TNF, more work has to be done to provide us with reliable information regarding the functional aspects of these genetic polymorphisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Schotte
- Niels-Stensen-Kliniken, Franziskus-Hospital Harderberg, Osnabrück, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Schmidt
- Centrum für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Markus Gaubitz
- Rheumatologie, Akademie für Manuelle Medizin, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Drynda
- Klinik für Rheumatologie, Universität Magdeburg, Vogelsang/Gommern, Germany
| | - Jörn Kekow
- Klinik für Rheumatologie, Universität Magdeburg, Vogelsang/Gommern, Germany
| | - Peter Willeke
- Medizinische Klinik D, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Schlüter
- Centrum für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Münster, Münster, Germany
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Blumenfeld O, Williams FM, Valdes A, Hart DJ, Malkin I, Spector TD, Livshits G. Association of interleukin-6 gene polymorphisms with hand osteoarthritis and hand osteoporosis. Cytokine 2014; 69:94-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2014.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Mesa F, O’Valle F, Rizzo M, Cappello F, Donos N, Parkar M, Chaudhary N, Carini F, Muñoz R, Nibali L. Association between COX-2 rs 6681231 genotype and interleukin-6 in periodontal connective tissue. A pilot study. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87023. [PMID: 24551049 PMCID: PMC3923747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this pilot study was to investigate associations between IL-6 and COX-2 expression in gingival biopsies and both clinical diagnosis and genotypes in the IL-6 and COX-2 genes. DESIGN A case-control study included 41 gingival biopsies obtained from Caucasian patients grouped according to clinical diagnosis of gingival health (n = 10), gingivitis (n = 15) or chronic periodontitis (n = 16). Immunohistochemistry analyses were performed to determine COX-2 expression in lamina propria, IL-6 expression in lamina propria and gingival epithelium and level of inflammatory cell infiltrate. Individual DNA was extracted and genotyped by real-time PCR for IL6 SNPs rs 2069827 and rs 2069825 and for COX-2 rs 6681231. RESULTS The percentage of cellular COX-2 expression was associated with the extent of periodontal disease (Arbes index p = 0.026) and inflammatory infiltrate (p<0.0001). No association was observed between IL6 haplotypes and cells positive to IL-6 or COX-2 in gingival tissues. The COX-2 rs 6681231 was associated with cells positive to IL-6 in the connective tissue (p = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS COX-2 expression in gingival tissues may be a marker of periodontal disease severity. COX-2 rs 6681231 may be associated with IL-6 local production in gingival tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Mesa
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco O’Valle
- Departments of Pathology, School of Medicine and Biopathology and Medicine Regenerative Institute (IBIMER), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Cappello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology, Palermo, Italy
| | - Nikos Donos
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Parkar
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Navidah Chaudhary
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Francesco Carini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Clinical Neuroscience, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit and Department of Clinical Research, University College London (UCL) Eastman Dental Institute and Hospital, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Carmona FD, Gonzalez-Gay MA, Martin J. Genetic component of giant cell arteritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:6-18. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Jančić I, Arsenović-Ranin N, Sefik-Bukilica M, Zivojinović S, Damjanov N, Spasovski V, Srzentić S, Stanković B, Pavlović S. -174G/C interleukin-6 gene promoter polymorphism predicts therapeutic response to etanercept in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:1481-6. [PMID: 23233117 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2586-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To examine whether -174G/C interleukin-6 (IL-6) gene polymorphism, previously reported to correlate with IL-6 level, influences response to etanercept therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Seventy-seven patients with active RA were studied, at baseline and 6- and 12-month follow-up after etanercept therapy. Treatment response was estimated according to the European League Against Rheumatism response criteria. RA patients were genotyped for -174G/C IL-6 gene polymorphism by the PCR-RFLP method, and influence of genotype at this polymorphism to clinical response to etanercept was assessed. After 12 months of treatment, the percentage of responders (patients who had DAS28 improvement >1.2) was significantly increased in patients carrying the IL-6 -174G/G genotype (95.7 %) compared with those with the G/C (75.6 %) or CC (44.4 %) genotype (p = 0.006 by Chi-square test). No significant difference in the mean values of DAS28 improvement was observed between groups with different genotype. RA patients with an IL-6 -174GG genotype respond to etanercept better than patients with GC or CC genotype. This finding, if confirmed in future studies, suggests that the -174G/C IL-6 polymorphism may be a genetic marker of responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) blockers in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Jančić
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, 450 Vojvode Stepe, 11221 Belgrade, Serbia
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Yan J, Liu J, Lin CY, Csurhes PA, Pender MP, McCombe PA, Greer JM. Interleukin-6 gene promoter-572 C allele may play a role in rate of disease progression in multiple sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2012. [PMID: 23202972 PMCID: PMC3497346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms131013667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease affecting the central nervous system. Although the exact pathogenesis of MS is unknown, it is generally considered to be an autoimmune disease, with numerous genetic and environmental factors determining disease susceptibility and severity. One important mediator of immune responses and inflammation is interleukin-6 (IL-6). Previously, elevated levels of IL-6 in mononuclear cells in blood and in brain tissue from MS patients have been reported. Various polymorphisms in the promoter region of the IL6 gene have also been linked with IL-6 protein levels. In MS, several small studies have investigated whether two IL6 promoter polymorphisms (−597 G>A and −174 G>C) correlate with MS susceptibility, but with varying results. In the present study, we analyzed these polymorphisms, together with an additional polymorphism (−572 G>C) in 279 healthy controls and 509 patients with MS. We found no significant differences between MS patients and healthy controls for the different −597 or −174 IL6 promoter alleles or genotypes. There was a slight reduction in the percentage of individuals with MS who carried a C allele at position −572, although this was not significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Interestingly, however, the −572 C allele showed a significant correlation with the MS severity score, suggesting a possible role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (J.M.G.); Tel.: +61-7-3346-6019 (J.Y.); Fax: +61-7-3346-5594 (J.Y. & J.G.)
| | - Jia Liu
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Clement Yihao Lin
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
| | | | - Peter A. Csurhes
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, and Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Michael P. Pender
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, and Department of Neurology, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mail:
| | - Pamela A. McCombe
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Judith M. Greer
- The University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women’s Hospital, 4029 Brisbane, Australia; E-Mails: (J.L.); (C.Y.L.); (P.A.C.); (P.A.M.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (J.Y.); (J.M.G.); Tel.: +61-7-3346-6019 (J.Y.); Fax: +61-7-3346-5594 (J.Y. & J.G.)
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A two-SNP IL-6 promoter haplotype is associated with increased lung cancer risk. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2012; 139:231-42. [PMID: 23052692 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-012-1314-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) may play an important role in lung carcinogenesis. Whether IL-6 promoter haplotypes are associated with lung cancer risk and their functions have not yet been studied. We tested the hypothesis that single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and/or haplotypes of IL-6 promoter are associated with risk of lung cancer. METHODS Two functional IL-6 promoter SNPs (-6331T>C and -572C>G) were genotyped in the discovery group including 622 patients and 614 controls, and the results were replicated in an independent validation group including 615 patients and 638 controls. Luciferase reporter gene assays were conducted to examine the function of IL-6 promoter haplotypes. RESULTS None of the functional IL-6 promoter SNPs were associated with lung cancer risk in either study. However, a two-SNP CC (-6331C and -572C) IL-6 promoter haplotype was significantly more common among cases than among controls in both groups (P = 0.031 and P = 0.035, respectively), indicating that this haplotype is associated with increased lung cancer risk {adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.56 [95 % confidence interval (95 % CI), 1.04-2.34] and 1.51 [95 % CI, 1.03-2.22], respectively}. Combined analysis of both studies showed a strong association of this two-SNP haplotype with increased lung cancer risk (adjusted OR, 1.53; 95 % CI, 1.16-2.03; P = 0.003). Comparably, luciferase reporter assays of A549 lung cancer cell lines transfected with the CC haplotype revealed that the two-SNP haplotype had significantly higher IL-6 transcriptional activity compared with cells transfected with the common haplotype. CONCLUSIONS This is the first evidence of identifying an IL-6 promoter haplotype (CC) associated with increased risk of lung cancer.
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Cénit MC, Simeón CP, Vonk MC, Callejas-Rubio JL, Espinosa G, Carreira P, Blanco FJ, Narvaez J, Tolosa C, Román-Ivorra JA, Gómez-García I, García-Hernández FJ, Gallego M, García-Portales R, Egurbide MV, Fonollosa V, García de la Peña P, López-Longo FJ, González-Gay MA, Hesselstrand R, Riemekasten G, Witte T, Voskuyl AE, Schuerwegh AJ, Madhok R, Fonseca C, Denton C, Nordin A, Palm Ø, van Laar JM, Hunzelmann N, Distler JHW, Kreuter A, Herrick A, Worthington J, Koeleman BP, Radstake TRDJ, Martín J. Influence of the IL6 gene in susceptibility to systemic sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2012; 39:2294-302. [PMID: 23027890 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.120506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a genetically complex autoimmune disease; the genetic component has not been fully defined. Interleukin 6 (IL-6) plays a crucial role in immunity and fibrosis, both key aspects of SSc. We investigated the influence of IL6 gene in the susceptibility and phenotype expression of SSc. METHODS We performed a large metaanalysis including a total of 2749 cases and 3189 controls from 6 white populations (Germany, The Netherlands, Norway, Spain, Sweden, and United Kingdom). Three IL6 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP; rs2069827, rs1800795, and rs2069840) were selected by SNP tagging and genotyped using TaqMan(®) allele discrimination technology. RESULTS Individual SNP metaanalysis showed no evidence of association of the 3 IL6 genetic variants with the global disease. Phenotype analyses revealed a significant association between the minor allele of rs2069840 and the limited cutaneous SSc clinical form (Bonferroni p = 0.036, OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.04-1.25). A trend of association between the minor allele of the rs1800795 and the diffuse cutaneous SSc clinical form was also evident (Bonferroni p = 0.072, OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.77-0.96). In the IL6 allelic combination analyses, the GGC allelic combination rs2069827-rs1800795-rs2069840 showed an association with overall SSc (Bonferroni p = 0.016, OR 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the IL6 gene may influence the development of SSc and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmen Cénit
- Instituto de Parasitología y Biomedicina López-Neyra,IPBLN-CSIC, Granada, The Netherlands.
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Influence of IL-6 haplotypes on clinical and inflammatory response in aggressive periodontitis. Clin Oral Investig 2012; 17:1235-42. [PMID: 22918663 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0804-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the inflammatory response in aggressive periodontitis (AgP) patients after periodontal therapy and associate these changes to subjects' interleukin-6 (IL-6) genetic variants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twelve non-smoking UK Caucasian patients with AgP were selected based on their IL6 haplotypes (six haplotype positive and six haplotype negative based on polymorphisms rs 2069827 and rs 2069825) and underwent full mouth non-surgical periodontal therapy, followed by open flap surgery. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and peripheral blood samples were taken at baseline and at six different time points after treatment. Gingival biopsy samples were harvested during surgery and underwent immunohistochemical analysis for identification of IL-6. RESULTS An overall improvement in clinical periodontal parameters was observed following periodontal therapy. Haplotype status was associated with clinical presentation, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans counts in subgingival plaque samples, white cell count, neutrophils, red cell count and haemoglobin. GCF IL-6 concentrations increased dramatically 1 day after surgery and IL-6 haplotype-positive subjects exhibited a higher magnitude in this increase. CONCLUSIONS IL6 haplotypes may have an effect on clinical presentation and magnitude and kinetics of local and systemic inflammatory responses following non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy in aggressive periodontitis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Detecting IL-6 haplotype-positive periodontitis patients might become helpful in identifying subjects prone to excessive inflammatory response and increased periodontal breakdown.
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Cytokine gene polymorphism in microscopic colitis association with the IL-6-174 GG genotype. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2011; 23:607-13. [PMID: 21527852 DOI: 10.1097/meg.0b013e328346f5be] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Microscopic colitis (MC) is a chronic inflammatory disease with unknown pathogenesis. Very little is known about polymorphisms in the cytokine genes in MC. We have investigated the occurrence of well-characterized polymorphisms of interleukins (IL-6, IL-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10) and CD14 in MC. We also determined the serum IL-6 levels. METHODS We genotyped 81 patients with MC and 178 controls for polymorphisms of IL-6-174, IL-1β-511, IL-1β-3953, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-10-1082 and CD14-159. Serum concentration of IL-6 was measured in 72 patients. RESULTS Genotype GG of IL-6-174 was more prevalent in MC compared with the controls (P=0.030; odds ratio: 1.941; confidence interval: 1.078-3.495), and the frequency of allele G of IL-6-174 was higher in MC (0.55 vs. 0.47; P=0.036; odds ratio: 1.514; confidence interval: 1.041-2.203). However, after correction for multiple comparisons, the difference became nonsignificant. IL-6 genotype and the serum IL-6 concentration showed no association. The concentration of IL-6 was higher in patients with collagenous colitis than in those with lymphocytic colitis (median 1.73 vs. 1.34 pg/ml, P=0.011). No association between polymorphisms of other cytokine genes and MC was seen. CONCLUSION The IL-6-174 gene polymorphism has a possible association with MC, as the IL-6 GG genotype was more frequent in patients with the disease. As this genotype may be linked with an enhanced IL-6 production, we speculate that this polymorphism can influence the pathogenesis of MC by evoking a proinflammatory bias in the mucosal cytokines. The enhanced concentration of IL-6 in collagenous colitis compared with lymphocytic colitis supports a difference in the pathogenetic mechanisms between the two subgroups of MC.
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Etiology and pathogenesis of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-06551-1.00099-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Franch-Chillida F, Nibali L, Madden I, Donos N, Brett P. Association between interleukin-6 polymorphisms and periodontitis in Indian non-smokers. J Clin Periodontol 2010; 37:137-44. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2009.01501.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chérel M, Campion L, Bézieau S, Campone M, Charrier J, Gaschet J, Ricolleau G, Gouraud W, Charbonnel C, Jézéquel P. Molecular screening of interleukin-6 gene promoter and influence of −174G/C polymorphism on breast cancer. Cytokine 2009; 47:214-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2009.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Raunio T, Knuuttila M, Hiltunen L, Karttunen R, Vainio O, Tervonen T. IL-6−174genotype associated with the extent of periodontal disease in type 1 diabetic subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36:11-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2008.01344.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Nibali L, D’Aiuto F, Donos N, Griffiths G, Parkar M, Tonetti M, Humphries S, Brett P. Association between periodontitis and common variants in the promoter of the interleukin-6 gene. Cytokine 2009; 45:50-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2008] [Revised: 09/20/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Panoulas VF, Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou A, Metsios GS, Smith JP, Milionis HJ, Douglas KMJ, Nightingale P, Kitas GD. Association of interleukin-6 (IL-6)-174G/C gene polymorphism with cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: the role of obesity and smoking. Atherosclerosis 2008; 204:178-83. [PMID: 18848327 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2008.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2008] [Revised: 08/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is high in RA and, together with smoking and obesity, an important contributor to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The present study examined the potential association of IL-6-174 G/C polymorphism, together with obesity and smoking, with the presence of CVD in RA patients. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA samples were collected from 383 RA patients (who also had extensive clinical and laboratory evaluations). IL-6-174 G/C was identified using real time PCR and melting curve analysis. Serum IL-6 levels were measured in a subgroup of 135 RA patients to examine the functionality of the polymorphism. Carriers of the IL6-174C-allele demonstrated increased prevalence of CVD (26.2% vs. 17.0%, p=0.041). There was a significant association with CVD, even after adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors (OR=1.92, 95%CI: 1.03 to 3.58, p=0.041). IL-6 levels were significantly increased in C-allele carriers [14.02 (3.21-38.81) vs. 4.48 (2.25-16.5), p=0.028]. No significant interactions were observed between adiposity and IL6-174G/C genotypes. There was only a trend for an interaction between ever smoking and IL6 C-allele carriers on CVD. CONCLUSION The IL-6-174C-allele may associate with CVD in RA patients and possibly exerts its effect via increased inflammation. This finding, if confirmed in future studies, may be used as a part of a genetic screening tool for RA patients at high CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasileios F Panoulas
- Department of Rheumatology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Trust, Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, West Midlands, UK
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Nile CJ, Read RC, Akil M, Duff GW, Wilson AG. Methylation status of a single CpG site in theIL6promoter is related toIL6messenger RNA levels and rheumatoid arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:2686-93. [DOI: 10.1002/art.23758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Shen J, Arnett DK, Pérez-Martínez P, Parnell LD, Lai CQ, Peacock JM, Hixson JE, Tsai MY, Straka RJ, Hopkins PN, Ordovás JM. The effect of IL6-174C/G polymorphism on postprandial triglyceride metabolism in the GOLDN studyboxs. J Lipid Res 2008; 49:1839-45. [PMID: 18420533 PMCID: PMC2444004 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p700033-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 02/19/2008] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronically elevated interleukin-6 (IL-6) affects lipid and lipoprotein metabolism. Individuals genetically predisposed to higher IL-6 secretion may be at risk of dyslipidemia, especially during the postprandial phase. We investigated the effect of genetic variants at the IL6 locus on postprandial lipemia in US Whites participating in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network study. Subjects were given a single fat load composed of 3% of calories as protein, 14% as carbohydrate, and 83% as fat. Blood was drawn at 0 h, 3.5 h, and 6 h to determine plasma triglyceride (TG), TG-rich lipoprotein (TRL) and lipoprotein particle size. Homozygotes (GG) and heterozygotes (CG) of the -174C/G variant displayed higher plasma IL-6 concentrations compared with major allele homozygotes (CC) (P = 0.029). GG and CG subjects showed higher fasting plasma TG (P = 0.025), VLDL (P = 0.04), and large VLDL (P = 0.02) concentrations than did CC subjects. Moreover, GG and CG subjects experienced greater postprandial response of TG (P = 0.006) and TRL, including chylomicrons (P = 0.005), total VLDL (P = 0.029), and large VLDL (P = 0.017) than did CC subjects. These results suggest that the functional polymorphism -174C>G at the IL6 locus determines the difference in both fasting and postprandial TG metabolism. This phenomenon could be responsible for the observed association of this genetic variant with cardiovascular disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Shen
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Pablo Pérez-Martínez
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
- Reina Sofia University Hospital, Lipids and Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Cordoba, CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion, Cordoba, Spain
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - James M. Peacock
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Robert J. Straka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul N. Hopkins
- Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - José M. Ordovás
- Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, Boston, MA
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Nibali L, Tonetti MS, Ready D, Parkar M, Brett PM, Donos N, D'Aiuto F. Interleukin-6 polymorphisms are associated with pathogenic bacteria in subjects with periodontitis. J Periodontol 2008; 79:677-83. [PMID: 18380561 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2008.070453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Growing evidence suggests that individual genetic susceptibility may influence the host's response to infections. Previously, we showed that a common variation in the interleukin (IL)-6 gene was associated with increased odds of detection of common periodontal pathogens from individuals with aggressive periodontitis. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between IL-6 polymorphisms and periodontopathogenic bacteria in a larger, ethnically mixed population of subjects with periodontitis. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from 107 subjects diagnosed with severe forms of periodontitis to study a cluster of polymorphisms in inflammatory genes, including IL-6. The presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans), Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia (previously T. forsythensis) in their subgingival biofilm was determined by polymerase chain reaction analysis. Serum IL-6 and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the IL-6 -6106 polymorphism was associated with the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.009; odds ratio [OR] = 3.5; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.38 to 9.16) and the concomitant detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (P = 0.015; OR = 3.6; 95% CI: 1.28 to 10.04). The IL-6 -174 polymorphism was associated with increased odds of the concomitant detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis (P = 0.042; OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 1.04 to 7.75). Haplotype analysis of all five IL-6 polymorphisms confirmed an association with the detection of A. actinomycetemcomitans (P = 0.046). The IL-6 -6106 polymorphism was also associated with CRP serum levels at multivariate analysis (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS These findings confirm the hypothesis that complex interactions between the microbiota and host genome are at the basis of susceptibility to periodontitis. Periodontal disease may represent a useful model to study the pathways and mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London, London, UK.
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Flores C, Ma SF, Maresso K, Wade MS, Villar J, Garcia JGN. IL6 gene-wide haplotype is associated with susceptibility to acute lung injury. Transl Res 2008; 152:11-7. [PMID: 18593632 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2008.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 05/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Experimental and clinical studies support the key role of interleukin 6 (IL-6), a potent proinflammatory cytokine, in the development of acute lung injury (ALI). Plasma IL-6 levels are influenced mainly by genetic determinants, and a -174G/C polymorphism of the gene has been recently associated with susceptibility to ALI. Here we aimed to validate the association of the IL6 gene with ALI in a case-control sample from Spain. DNA was isolated from 67 consecutive patients who fulfilled international criteria for severe sepsis and for ALI and 96 population-based controls drawn from the general population. Genotypes of the -174G/C polymorphism along with other 14 tagging variants of the IL6 gene were evaluated. Twenty polymorphisms unlinked to IL6 gene were additionally compared between cases and controls to rule out population stratification. None of the individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms was significantly associated with susceptibility to ALI. However, we found that a common haplotype from -1363 to +4835 from the transcription start site, and spanning the gene, conferred risk for susceptibility to ALI (odds ratio, 2.73; 95% confidence interval, 1.39-5.37; P = 0.003). Adjustment for relevant covariates did not modify this result. These data support the association of the IL6 gene with ALI susceptibility and illustrate the value of haplotype analysis as a robust approach for evaluating IL6 gene effects in association studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores
- Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Ill 60637, USA
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Identification of interleukin-6 promoter polymorphisms in the Chinese Han population and their functional significance*. Crit Care Med 2008; 36:1437-43. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0b013e31816a0adb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Identification of a novel regulatory region in the interleukin-6 gene promoter. Cytokine 2008; 42:256-264. [PMID: 18406623 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL6) is an important pleiotropic cytokine that is regulated at the transcriptional level. To date, most work on its regulation has focused on a 1.2kb region 5' from the start of transcription, similar to published reports on other cytokine genes. This report demonstrates for the first time that a cytokine gene can be regulated by cis-acting regions much further upstream than previously examined. Comparative genomic analysis showed that a 120 kb region contains blocks of sequence conservation between human and rodent genomes, and that a 15 kb region proximal to the start of transcription contains 10 highly homologous sequence blocks of between 100 and 250 bp. By means of a reporter gene assay, a novel transcriptionally active region located between -5307 and -5202 bp upstream from the start of transcription was identified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed nuclear protein(s) binding to this region, thus raising the possibility that the regulatory activity shown by the reporter gene constructs may be mediated by these proteins. These results suggest that the regulation of IL6 expression involves a much larger upstream region than previously examined and the control of IL6 transcription is likely to be regulated by a complex mechanism of modular cis-regulatory elements.
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López-Mejías R, Martínez A, del Pozo N, Fernández-Arquero M, Ferreira A, Urcelay E, Fontán G, de la Concha EG, Núñez C. Interleukin-6 gene variation in Spanish patients with immunoglobulin-A deficiency. Hum Immunol 2008; 69:301-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2008.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 02/12/2008] [Accepted: 02/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Smith AJP, D'Aiuto F, Palmen J, Cooper JA, Samuel J, Thompson S, Sanders J, Donos N, Nibali L, Brull D, Woo P, Humphries SE. Association of serum interleukin-6 concentration with a functional IL6 -6331T>C polymorphism. Clin Chem 2008; 54:841-50. [PMID: 18356242 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2007.098608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations vary substantially among individuals. This study aimed to identify novel genetic markers to explain these differences. METHODS We sequenced a region 6-kb upstream of the IL6 [interleukin 6 (interferon, beta 2)] transcription start site in a search for functional variants and detected 3 common variants: -6331T>C, -6101A>T, and -5617/-5616C/A>T/G. IL6 -6331T>C (C allele frequency, 0.20; 95% confidence interval, 0.16-0.24) showed strong negative linkage disequilibrium with -174G>C (D' = -0.97) and was studied further in 309 individuals who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. RESULTS Patients with the TT genotype had higher IL-6 concentrations 6 h after surgery than those with the CC genotype (mean, 199.4 ng/L vs 114.9 ng/L; P = 0.02). A similar association was seen in a cohort of 173 patients who underwent intensive periodontal therapy: Individuals with the CC genotype had significantly lower IL-6 concentrations 24 h after therapy than TT patients (mean, 0.78 ng/L vs 5.00 ng/L; P < 0.0001). A similar trend was observed in 203 healthy individuals from northern Europe (1.29 ng/L for the TT genotype vs 0.89 ng/L for the CC genotype; P = 0.07). Reporter assays that used a sequence flanking the -6331 single-nucleotide polymorphism spliced upstream to the IL-6 minimal promoter driving luciferase gene expression demonstrated a 1.3-fold increase in promoter activity (P < 0.01) for constructs containing -6331T. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed enhanced binding of transcription factor Oct-1 to the T allele. CONCLUSIONS IL6 -6331T is associated with increased IL-6 concentrations in an acute inflammatory state via a mechanism involving binding of the Oct-1 transcription factor. This finding may help resolve conflicting studies based on the IL6 -174G>C variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J P Smith
- Centre for Cardiovascular Genetics, Department of Medicine, University College London, London, UK.
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Nibali L, Griffiths GS, Donos N, Parkar M, D'Aiuto F, Tonetti MS, Brett PM. Association between interleukin-6 promoter haplotypes and aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2008; 35:193-8. [PMID: 18269659 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2007.01188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms have been shown to affect IL-6 promoter activity. This study investigated the possible role of IL-6 genetic polymorphisms and haplotypes in the predisposition to aggressive periodontitis (AgP). MATERIAL AND METHODS A case-control association study on 224 AgP patients and 231 healthy controls was performed in order to detect differences in genotype distributions of five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the promoter region of the IL-6 gene. RESULTS The IL-6 -1363 polymorphism was associated with a diagnosis of AgP in subjects of all ethnicities (p=0.006, adjusted logistic regression). The -1480 SNP was associated with LAgP in subjects of all ethnicities (p=0.003). The -1480 and -6106 polymorphisms were associated with Localized AgP in Caucasians (n=24) (p=0.007 and 0.010, respectively). Haplotypes determined by the -1363 and -1480 polymorphisms were also associated with LAgP (p=0.001) in Caucasians. CONCLUSIONS This study supports the hypothesis of a link between IL-6 genetic factors and AgP and highlights the importance of two IL-6 polymorphisms (-1363 and -1480) in modulating disease phenotype and susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, University College London, London, UK.
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Müller B, Pavesio C, Eggert M, Neek G, Mitchison N. Mitigating selection in HLA-B27 not confirmed. Int J Immunogenet 2007; 34:431-3. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.2007.00717.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shin KK, Jang Y, Koh SJ, Chae JS, Kim OY, Park S, Choi D, Shin DJ, Kim HJ, Lee JH. Influence of the IL-6 -572C>G polymorphism on inflammatory markers according to cigarette smoking in Korean healthy men. Cytokine 2007; 39:116-22. [PMID: 17689974 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2007.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether smoking would interact with the interleukin-6 (IL-6) polymorphisms (-174G>C and -572C>G, -597G>A and -1363G>T) in determining circulating levels of inflammatory markers and its consequence to oxidative stress. The G/G genotype (n=26) of the -572C>G in nonsmokers (n=376) was associated with higher IL-6 (P=0.028), fibrinogen (P=0.007) and ox-LDL (P=0.006) than those with C/C (n=209) or C/G (n=141). Results were similar for nonsmokers and smokers (n=268), but in smokers, the -572G/G genotype was associated with a greater difference in levels of IL-6 (P=0.031), fibrinogen (P=0.001), ox-LDL (P=0.037) and PGF(2alpha) (P=0.050). IL-6 had positive relations with CRP, fibrinogen, ox-LDL and PGF(2alpha). There was no evidence of an effect of -572C>G genotype on CRP levels in nonsmokers, however, this polymorphism was associated with a highly significant effect on CRP in smokers (P<0.001) (genotype-smoking interaction P=0.04, adjusted for age, BMI and IL-6). The C allele frequency at the -174 promoter region of IL-6 was very rare (<0.01) and -597G>A and -1363G>T were monomorphic in this study. Our results suggest that IL-6 -572C>G has a greater response over time to the inflammatory effects of smoking and this may result in smokers having higher oxidative stress in subjects with G/G compared to C/C or C/G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Kyun Shin
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Pochon CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Nibali L, Ready DR, Parkar M, Brett PM, Wilson M, Tonetti MS, Griffiths GS. Gene polymorphisms and the prevalence of key periodontal pathogens. J Dent Res 2007; 86:416-20. [PMID: 17452560 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that individual genetic susceptibility may influence the host's response to infections. The aim of this project was to study whether gene polymorphisms of inflammatory markers are associated with the presence of viable periodontopathogenic bacteria. We extracted genomic DNA from 45 young adults diagnosed with generalized aggressive periodontitis to study Fc receptors, formyl peptide receptor, Interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and vitamin D receptor polymorphisms. The presence and viable numbers of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythensis were determined by culture, and their identities confirmed by PCR. Multiple logistic regressions revealed that both Fcgamma receptor and IL-6 -174 polymorphisms were associated with increased odds of detecting A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythensis after adjustment for age, ethnicity, smoking, and periodontitis extent. These findings support the hypothesis that complex interactions between the microbiota and host genome may be at the basis of susceptibility to aggressive periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Eastman Dental Hospital, University College London (UCL), London, UK
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Fife MS, Gutierrez A, Ogilvie EM, Stock CJW, Samuel JM, Thomson W, Mack LF, Lewis CM, Woo P. Novel IL10 gene family associations with systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R148. [PMID: 16959027 PMCID: PMC1779449 DOI: 10.1186/ar2041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Revised: 07/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/07/2006] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common cause of chronic childhood disability and encompasses a number of disease subgroups. In this study we have focused on systemic JIA (sJIA), which accounts for approximately 11% of UK JIA cases. This study reports the investigation of three members of the IL10 gene family as candidate susceptibility loci in children with sJIA. DNA from 473 unaffected controls and 172 patients with sJIA was genotyped for a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in IL19 and IL20 and two SNPs in IL10. We examined evidence for association of the four SNPs by single marker and haplotype analysis. Significant differences in allele frequency were observed between cases and controls, for both IL10-1082 (p = 0.031) and IL20-468 (p = 0.028). Furthermore, examination of the haplotypes of IL10-1082 and IL20-468 revealed greater evidence for association (global p = 0.0006). This study demonstrates a significant increased prevalence of the low expressing IL10-1082 genotype in patients with sJIA. In addition, we show a separate association with an IL20 polymorphism, and the IL10-1082A/IL20-468T haplotype. The two marker 'A-T' haplotype confers an odds ratio of 2.24 for sJIA. This positive association suggests an important role for these cytokines in sJIA pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Fife
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
| | - Ana Gutierrez
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
| | - Emma M Ogilvie
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
| | - Carmel JW Stock
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
| | - Jane M Samuel
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
| | - Wendy Thomson
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa F Mack
- ARC Epidemiology Unit, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Patricia Woo
- Centre of Pediatric and Adolescent Rheumatology, Windeyer Institute for Medical Sciences, University College London, Cleveland Street, London W1T 4JF, UK
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Abstract
Although broad agreement exists that genetic factors are important contributors to individual differences in pain sensitivity and risk for developing painful clinical conditions, the field of pain genetics is still in its infancy. This article reviews recent human studies of the genetics of acute and chronic pain, which implicate polymorphisms in genes coding for catechol-O-methyltransferase activity and micro-opioid receptors, among a number of others, as influential in explaining variability among the pain responses of individuals. Growing interest in pain genetics and accelerating methodologic advances in the field will almost certainly alter our understanding of which genes contribute to nociception and how dynamic interactions between multiple genes and environmental events shape the human experience of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 N. Wolfe Street, Meyer 1-108, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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Kiszel P, Fust G, Pessi T, Hurme M, Prohászka Z. Associations between Interleukin-6 Genetic Polymorphisms and Levels of Autoantibodies to 60-kDa Heat-Shock Proteins. Hum Hered 2006; 62:77-83. [PMID: 17047337 DOI: 10.1159/000096095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2006] [Accepted: 08/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Previously we reported an association between levels of anti-Hsp60 autoantibodies and interleukin-6 (IL-6) -174 SNP in Finnish population. The aim of this study was to investigate the same association in an independent population and to study four recently described SNP in IL-6. MATERIALS AND METHODS 313 healthy Hungarian subjects were recruited and genotyped for IL-6 -174(G-->C), -9316(T-->C), -1363(G-->T), +1753(C-->G), +2954(G-->C). IgG antibodies to Hsp60 were measured by ELISA. LD between SNPs was computed by Haploview 3.2 software. RESULTS A strong association between IL-6 -174 polymorphism and anti-Hsp60 autoantibody levels was observed. Carriers of -174 CC genotype had significantly lower levels of anti-Hsp60 (p = 0.0052). Eight haplotypes were observed with five SNP-s and autoantibody levels in individuals carrying the most common haplotype (containing allele C of -174) were significantly lower than in all other genotype combinations (p = 0.026). CONCLUSIONS Allele C of -174 promoter polymorphism of the IL-6 gene was repeatedly shown to be associated with low anti-Hsp60 autoantibody levels. Strong linkage in the IL-6 gene was observed and the most frequent haplotype containing the -174 C allele was significantly associated with autoantibody levels. Since the -174 SNP of IL-6 is a functional polymorphism, our results indicate for a direct regulatory effect of IL-6 genotypes in the determination of autoantibody levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Kiszel
- IIIrd Department of Internal Medicine and Szentágothai János Knowledge Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Pediatric arthritis is a heterogeneous group of chronic arthropathies that are influenced by complex genetic and perhaps environmental factors. Interacting genetic traits may one day be identified that provide the basis for predicting disease risk and other characteristics such as course, age of onset, and disease severity. The purpose of this review is to describe the recent progress towards identifying the multiple genes related to pediatric arthritis and understand how they relate to each other and to disease pathology. RECENT FINDINGS Candidate gene studies are by far the most widely reported type of genetic studies to date for juvenile arthritis with only one genome-wide screen for juvenile rheumatoid/idiopathic arthritis published. Particular attention is paid to studies of candidate genes with potential immunological roles and those associated with other forms of autoimmunity. SUMMARY Genomic studies may perhaps one day provide information to allow future classification systems of childhood arthritis to include molecular biomarkers as a complement to clinical observations, as well as understand how these genes or proteins relate to each other and to disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D Phelan
- William S. Rowe Division of Rheumatology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA
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