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Ruperez C, Blasco-Roset A, Kular D, Cairo M, Ferrer-Curriu G, Villarroya J, Zamora M, Crispi F, Villarroya F, Planavila A. Autophagy is Involved in Cardiac Remodeling in Response to Environmental Temperature Change. Front Physiol 2022; 13:864427. [PMID: 35514342 PMCID: PMC9061941 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.864427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To study the reversibility of cold-induced cardiac hypertrophy and the role of autophagy in this process. Background: Chronic exposure to cold is known to cause cardiac hypertrophy independent of blood pressure elevation. The reversibility of this process and the molecular mechanisms involved are unknown. Methods: Studies were performed in two-month-old mice exposed to cold (4°C) for 24 h or 10 days. After exposure, the animals were returned to room temperature (21°C) for 24 h or 1 week. Results: We found that chronic cold exposure significantly increased the heart weight/tibia length (HW/TL) ratio, the mean area of cardiomyocytes, and the expression of hypertrophy markers, but significantly decreased the expression of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation. Echocardiographic measurements confirmed hypertrophy development after chronic cold exposure. One week of deacclimation for cold-exposed mice fully reverted the morphological, functional, and gene expression indicators of cardiac hypertrophy. Experiments involving injection of leupeptin at 1 h before sacrifice (to block autophagic flux) indicated that cardiac autophagy was repressed under cold exposure and re-activated during the first 24 h after mice were returned to room temperature. Pharmacological blockage of autophagy for 1 week using chloroquine in mice subjected to deacclimation from cold significantly inhibited the reversion of cardiac hypertrophy. Conclusion: Our data indicate that mice exposed to cold develop a marked cardiac hypertrophy that is reversed after 1 week of deacclimation. We propose that autophagy is a major mechanism underlying the heart remodeling seen in response to cold exposure and its posterior reversion after deacclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ruperez
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Blasco-Roset
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - D Kular
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Cairo
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Ferrer-Curriu
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Zamora
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal -Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital San Juan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatalogia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Crispi
- Fetal Medicine Research Center, BCNatal -Barcelona Center for Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine (Hospital Clinic and Hospital San Juan de Deu), Institut Clinic de Ginecologia, Obstetricia i Neonatalogia, Institut d'Investigacions Biomediques August Pi i Sunyer, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Villarroya
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Planavila
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular, Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona and CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Barcelona, Spain
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2
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Chen K, Sun Z. Estrogen inhibits renal Na-Pi Co-transporters and improves klotho deficiency-induced acute heart failure. Redox Biol 2021; 47:102173. [PMID: 34678656 PMCID: PMC8577443 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2021.102173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective and hypothesis Klotho is an aging-suppressor gene. Mutation of Klotho gene causes hyperphosphatemia and acute heart failure. However, the relationship of hyperphosphatemia and acute heart failure is unclear. We hypothesize that hyperphosphatemia mediates Klotho deficiency-induced acute heart failure and further that therapeutic reduction of hyperphosphatemia prevents acute heart failure in Klotho mutant (KL(−/−)) mice. Methods and results A significant elevation of serum phosphorus levels and a large reduction of heart function were found in KL(−/−) mice by six weeks of age. Normalization of serum phosphorus levels by low phosphate diet (LPD) rescued Klotho deficiency-induced heart failure and extended lifespan in male mice. Klotho deficiency impaired cardiac mitochondrial respiratory enzyme function and increased superoxide production, oxidative stress, and cardiac cell apoptosis in male KL(−/−) mice which can be eliminated by LPD. LPD, however, did not rescue hyperphosphatemia or heart failure in female KL(−/−) mice. LPD did not affect estrogen depletion in female KL(−/−) mice. Normalization of serum estrogen levels by treatment with 17β-estradiol prevented hyperphosphatemia and heart failure in female KL(−/−) mice. Mechanistically, treatment with 17β-estradiol rescued hyperphosphatemia via inhibiting renal Na-Pi co-transporter expression. Normalization of serum phosphorus levels by treatment with 17β-estradiol also abolished cardiac mitochondrial respiratory enzyme dysfunction, ROS overproduction, oxidative stress and cardiac cell apoptosis in female KL(−/−) mice. Conclusion Klotho deficiency causes acute heart failure via hyperphosphatemia in male mice which can be prevented by LPD. 17β-estradiol prevents Klotho deficiency-induced hyperphosphatemia and heart failure by eliminating upregulation of renal Na-Pi co-transporter expression in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.
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3
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Chen K, Zhang B, Sun Z. MicroRNA 379 Regulates Klotho Deficiency-Induced Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis Via Repression of Smurf1. Hypertension 2021; 78:342-352. [PMID: 34120450 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.16888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Chen
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (K.C., Z.S.)
| | - Bo Zhang
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.)
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- From the Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis (K.C., B.Z., Z.S.).,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (K.C., Z.S.)
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4
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Sawant D, Lilly B. MicroRNA-145 targets in cancer and the cardiovascular system: evidence for common signaling pathways. VASCULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 2:R115-R128. [PMID: 33283158 PMCID: PMC7709916 DOI: 10.1530/vb-20-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are small regulatory RNAs which govern gene expression post-transcriptionally by primarily binding to the 3'-UTR of mRNA target genes. miR-145 is a well-studied miRNA that has been implicated in controlling a range of biological processes. miR-145 is expressed in a variety of tissues and cell types and acts as a tumor-suppressor by regulating target gene signaling pathways involved in different aspects of tumor growth and progression. There is also strong evidence that highlights the important functions of miR-145 in the cardiovascular system. Here, we review the mechanisms of miR-145 in tumorigenesis and cancer progression and compare and contrast with the roles of miR-145 in cardiovascular development and disease. We discuss the important targets of miR-145 in cancer and their possible link to the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dwitiya Sawant
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brenda Lilly
- Center for Cardiovascular Research and The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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5
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Li T, Weng X, Cheng S, Wang D, Cheng G, Gao H, Li Y. Wnt3a upregulation is involved in TGFβ1-induced cardiac hypertrophy. Cytokine 2020; 138:155376. [PMID: 33243628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Pathological cardiac hypertrophy, characterized by enlarged cell size and fetal gene reactivation, ultimately leads to cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. The expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFβ1) is often elevated in experimental models of cardiac hypertrophy. In the present study, we observed the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in TGFβ1-induced cardiac hypertrophy. TGFβ1 stimulation decreased the phosphorylation levels of β-catenin and triggered the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. In turn, TGFβ1 enhanced the expression of c-Myc, which is a transcriptional target of canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Knockdown of β-catenin completely blocked TGFβ1-induced c-Myc upregulation. Wnt3a is an important Wnt ligand associated with cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy. Further investigation revealed that TGFβ1 can upregulate Wnt3a expression in an ALK5-Smad2/3-dependent manner. A consensus Smad binding sequence is located within the Wnt3a promoter, and TGFβ1 stimulation enhanced recruitment of Smad2/3 onto the Wnt3a promoter. Meanwhile, Wnt3a overexpression also stimulated TGFβ1 expression. Chemical inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signaling partially attenuated TGFβ1-induced hypertrophic responses. These findings suggest crosstalk between TGFβ1 and canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathways in cardiac hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Li
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Xiaofei Weng
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, China
| | - Siya Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Dongxing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China
| | - Hai Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Yanming Li
- Department of Cardiology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan Province 475000, China.
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6
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Kong X, Liu H, He X, Sun Y, Ge W. Unraveling the Mystery of Cold Stress-Induced Myocardial Injury. Front Physiol 2020; 11:580811. [PMID: 33250775 PMCID: PMC7674829 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.580811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to low ambient temperature imposes great challenge to human health. Epidemiological evidence has noted significantly elevated emergency admission and mortality rate in cold climate in many regions, in particular, adverse events in cardiovascular system. Cold stress is becoming one of the important risk factors for cardiovascular death. Through recent advance in echocardiography and myocardial histological techniques, both clinical and experimental experiments have unveiled that cold stress triggers a variety of pathological and pathophysiological injuries, including ventricular wall thickening, cardiac hypertrophy, elevated blood pressure, decreased cardiac function, and myocardial interstitial fibrosis. In order to examine the potential mechanism of action behind cold stress-induced cardiovascular anomalies, ample biochemical and molecular biological experiments have been conducted to denote a role for mitochondrial injury, intracellular Ca2+ dysregulation, generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and other superoxide, altered gene and protein profiles for apoptosis and autophagy, and increased adrenergic receptor sensitivity in cold stress-induced cardiovascular anomalies. These findings suggest that cold stress may damage the myocardium through mitochondrial injury, apoptosis, autophagy, metabolism, oxidative stress, and neuroendocrine pathways. Although the precise nature remains elusive for cold stress-induced cardiovascular dysfunction, endothelin (ET-A) receptor, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, transient receptor potential vanilloid, mitochondrial-related protein including NRFs and UCP-2, ROS, Nrf2-Keap1 signaling pathway, Bcl-2/Bax, and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) signaling may all play a pivotal role. For myocardial injury evoked by cold stress, more comprehensive and in-depth mechanisms are warranted to better define the potential therapeutic options for cold stress-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Kong
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Xiaole He
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Ge
- Department of General Practice, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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7
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Cibi DM, Bi-Lin KW, Shekeran SG, Sandireddy R, Tee N, Singh A, Wu Y, Srinivasan DK, Kovalik JP, Ghosh S, Seale P, Singh MK. Prdm16 Deficiency Leads to Age-Dependent Cardiac Hypertrophy, Adverse Remodeling, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Heart Failure. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108288. [PMID: 33086060 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular mortality worldwide. Although hypertrophy is traditionally regarded as an adaptive response to physiological or pathological stress, prolonged hypertrophy can lead to heart failure. Here we demonstrate that Prdm16 is dispensable for cardiac development. However, it is required in the adult heart to preserve mitochondrial function and inhibit hypertrophy with advanced age. Cardiac-specific deletion of Prdm16 results in cardiac hypertrophy, excessive ventricular fibrosis, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired metabolic flexibility, leading to heart failure. We demonstrate that Prdm16 and euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase factors (Ehmts) act together to reduce expression of fetal genes reactivated in pathological hypertrophy by inhibiting the functions of the pro-hypertrophic transcription factor Myc. Although young Prdm16 knockout mice show normal cardiac function, they are predisposed to develop heart failure in response to metabolic stress. Our study demonstrates that Prdm16 protects the heart against age-dependent cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasan Mary Cibi
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Kathleen Wung Bi-Lin
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Shamini Guna Shekeran
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Reddemma Sandireddy
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Nicole Tee
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore 169609
| | - Anamika Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Yajun Wu
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594
| | - Dinesh Kumar Srinivasan
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117594
| | - Jean-Paul Kovalik
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Sujoy Ghosh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857
| | - Patrick Seale
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Smilow Center for Translational Research, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Manvendra K Singh
- Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857; National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Center Singapore, Singapore 169609.
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8
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Wei Z, Yang Y, Li Q, Yin Y, Wei Z, Zhang W, Mu D, Ni J, Sun X, Xu B. The transcriptome of circulating cells indicates potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the course of hypertension-related myocardial infarction. Genes Dis 2020; 8:555-568. [PMID: 34179317 PMCID: PMC8209311 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension (HT) is the most common public-health challenge and shows a high incidence around the world. Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among the elderly (age > 65 years) in the United States. Now, there is widespread acceptance of the causal link between HT and acute myocardial infarction (MI). This is the first data-mining study to identify co-expressed differentially expressed genes (co-DEGs) between HT and MI (relative to normal control) and to uncover potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets of HT-related MI. In this manuscript, HT-specific DEGs and MI-specific DEGs and differentially expressed microRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified in Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE24752, GSE60993, GSE62646, and GSE24548 after data consolidation and batch correction. Subsequently, enrichment in Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways as well as protein–protein interaction networks were identified, and single-gene gene set enrichment analysis was performed to determine the affected biological categories and networks. Cross-matching of the results on co-DE-miRNAs and predicted miRNAs targeting the co-DEGs was conducted and discussed as well. We found that MYC and HIST1H2BO may be associated with HT, whereas FCGR1A, FYN, KLRD1, KLRB1, and FOLR3 may be implicated in MI. Moreover, co-DEGs FOLR3 and NFE2 with predicted miRNAs and DE-miRNAs, especially miR-7 and miR-548, may be significantly associated and show huge potential as a new set of novel biomarkers and important molecular targets in the course of HT-related MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilun Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Yining Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Qiaoling Li
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Yong Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Zhonghai Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Wenfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Dan Mu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Jie Ni
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
| | - Xuan Sun
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Biao Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, 210008, PR China
- Corresponding author. Department of Cardiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210008, China
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Weng X, Liu H, Zhang X, Sun Q, Li C, Gu M, Xu Y, Li S, Li W, Du J. An α 2-adrenoceptor agonist: Dexmedetomidine induces protective cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through mitochondrial-AMPK pathway. Int J Med Sci 2020; 17:2454-2467. [PMID: 33029088 PMCID: PMC7532472 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.47598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: Dexmedetomidine (Dex) as a highly selective α2-adrenoceptor agonist, was widely used anesthetic in perioperative settings, whether Dex induces cardiac hypertrophy during perioperative administration is unknown. Methods: The effects of Dex on cardiac hypertrophy were explored using the transverse aortic constriction model and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Results: We reported that Dex induces cardiomyocyte hypertrophy with activated ERK, AKT, PKC and inactivated AMPK in both wild-type mice and primary cultured rat cardiomyocytes. Additionally, pre-administration of Dex protects against transverse aortic constriction induced-heart failure in mice. We found that Dex up-regulates the activation of ERK, AKT, and PKC via suppression of AMPK activation in rat cardiomyocytes. However, suppression of mitochondrial coupling efficiency and membrane potential by FCCP blocks Dex induced AMPK inactivation as well as ERK, AKT, and PKC activation. All of these effects are blocked by the α2-adrenoceptor antagonist atipamezole. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates Dex preconditioning induces cardiac hypertrophy that protects against heart failure through mitochondria-AMPK pathway in perioperative settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojian Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaodan Zhang
- Department of ICU, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Minglu Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanyifang Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shitong Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiwei Li
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianer Du
- Department of Anesthesiology and SICU, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai, China
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10
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Muñoz-Martín N, Sierra R, Schimmang T, Villa Del Campo C, Torres M. Myc is dispensable for cardiomyocyte development but rescues Mycn-deficient hearts through functional replacement and cell competition. Development 2019; 146:dev.170753. [PMID: 30642836 DOI: 10.1242/dev.170753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Myc is considered an essential transcription factor for heart development, but cardiac defects have only been studied in global Myc loss-of-function models. Here, we eliminated Myc by recombining a Myc floxed allele with the Nkx2.5Cre driver. We observed no anatomical, cellular or functional alterations in either fetuses or adult cardiac Myc-deficient mice. We re-examined Myc expression during development and found no expression in developing cardiomyocytes. In contrast, we confirmed that Mycn is essential for cardiomyocyte proliferation and cardiogenesis. Mosaic Myc overexpression in a Mycn-deficient background shows that Myc can replace Mycn function, recovering heart development. We further show that this recovery involves the elimination of Mycn-deficient cells by cell competition. Our results indicate that Myc is dispensable in cardiomyocytes both during cardiogenesis and for adult heart homeostasis, and that Mycn is exclusively responsible for cardiomyocyte proliferation during heart development. Nonetheless, our results show that Myc can functionally replace Mycn We also show that cardiomyocytes compete according to their combined Myc and Mycn levels and that cell competition eliminates flawed cardiomyocytes, suggesting its relevance as a quality control mechanism in cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Muñoz-Martín
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Sierra
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Thomas Schimmang
- Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, Universidad de Valladolid y Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 47003, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Cristina Villa Del Campo
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Torres
- Cardiovascular Development Program, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, CNIC, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Arbuthnott K, Hajat S, Heaviside C, Vardoulakis S. What is cold-related mortality? A multi-disciplinary perspective to inform climate change impact assessments. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2018; 121:119-129. [PMID: 30199667 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a growing discussion regarding the mortality burdens of hot and cold weather and how the balance between these may alter as a result of climate change. Net effects of climate change are often presented, and in some settings these may suggest that reductions in cold-related mortality will outweigh increases in heat-related mortality. However, key to these discussions is that the magnitude of temperature-related mortality is wholly sensitive to the placement of the temperature threshold above or below which effects are modelled. For cold exposure especially, where threshold effects are often ill-defined, choices in threshold placement have varied widely between published studies, even within the same location. Despite this, there is little discussion around appropriate threshold selection and whether reported associations reflect true causal relationships - i.e. whether all deaths occurring below a given temperature threshold can be regarded as cold-related and are therefore likely to decrease as climate warms. OBJECTIVES Our objectives are to initiate a discussion around the importance of threshold placement and examine evidence for causality across the full range of temperatures used to quantify cold-related mortality. We examine whether understanding causal mechanisms can inform threshold selection, the interpretation of current and future cold-related health burdens and their use in policy formation. METHODS Using Greater London data as an example, we first illustrate the sensitivity of cold related mortality to threshold selection. Using the Bradford Hill criteria as a framework, we then integrate knowledge and evidence from multiple disciplines and areas- including animal and human physiology, epidemiology, biomarker studies and population level studies. This allows for discussion of several possible direct and indirect causal mechanisms operating across the range of 'cold' temperatures and lag periods used in health impact studies, and whether this in turn can inform appropriate threshold placement. RESULTS Evidence from a range of disciplines appears to support a causal relationship for cold across a range of temperatures and lag periods, although there is more consistent evidence for a causal effect at more extreme temperatures. It is plausible that 'direct' mechanisms for cold mortality are likely to occur at lower temperatures and 'indirect' mechanisms (e.g. via increased spread of infection) may occur at milder temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Separating the effects of 'extreme' and 'moderate' cold (e.g. temperatures between approximately 8-9 °C and 18 °C in the UK) could help the interpretation of studies quoting attributable mortality burdens. However there remains the general dilemma of whether it is better to use a lower cold threshold below which we are more certain of a causal relationship, but at the risk of under-estimating deaths attributable to cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Arbuthnott
- The Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH, UK; Chemicals and Environmental Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Shakoor Hajat
- The Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Clare Heaviside
- The Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH, UK; Chemicals and Environmental Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Didcot OX11 0RQ, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- The Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, WC1H 9SH, UK; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; Institute of Occupational Medicine, Edinburgh, EH14 4AP, UK
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12
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Chen PGF, Sun Z. AAV Delivery of Endothelin-1 shRNA Attenuates Cold-Induced Hypertension. Hum Gene Ther 2016; 28:190-199. [PMID: 27736201 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2016.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cold temperatures are associated with increased prevalence of hypertension. Cold exposure increases endothelin-1 (ET1) production. The purpose of this study is to determine whether upregulation of ET1 contributes to cold-induced hypertension (CIH). In vivo RNAi silencing of the ET1 gene was achieved by adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) delivery of ET1 short-hairpin small interfering RNA (ET1-shRNA). Four groups of male rats were used. Three groups were given AAV.ET1-shRNA, AAV.SC-shRNA (scrambled shRNA), and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), respectively, before exposure to a moderately cold environment (6.7 ± 2°C), while the last group was given PBS and kept at room temperature (warm, 24 ± 2°C) and served as a control. We found that systolic blood pressure of the PBS-treated and SC-shRNA-treated groups increased significantly within 2 weeks of exposure to cold, reached a peak level (145 ± 4.8 mmHg) by 6 weeks, and remained elevated thereafter. By contrast, blood pressure of the ET1-shRNA-treated group did not increase, suggesting that silencing of ET1 prevented the development of CIH. Animals were euthanized after 10 weeks of exposure to cold. Cold exposure significantly increased the left ventricle (LV) surface area and LV weight in cold-exposed rats, suggesting LV hypertrophy. Superoxide production in the heart was increased by cold exposure. Interestingly, ET1-shRNA prevented cold-induced superoxide production and cardiac hypertrophy. ELISA assay indicated that ET1-shRNA abolished the cold-induced upregulation of ET1 levels, indicating effective silencing of ET1. In conclusion, upregulation of ET1 plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of CIH and cardiac hypertrophy. AAV delivery of ET1-shRNA is an effective therapeutic strategy for cold-related cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Gin-Fu Chen
- 2 Departments of Medicine and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- 1 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center , Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.,2 Departments of Medicine and Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida
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13
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Matsubara T, Shimamoto S, Ijiri D, Ohtsuka A, Kanai Y, Hirabayashi M. The effects of acute cold exposure on morphology and gene expression in the heart of neonatal chicks. J Comp Physiol B 2016; 186:363-72. [PMID: 26733397 DOI: 10.1007/s00360-015-0957-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cold exposure induces an increase in blood flow and blood pressure, and long-term exposure to cold causes cardiac hypertrophy. Neonatal chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) are highly sensitive to cold exposure, because their capacity for thermogenesis is immature until 1 week after hatching. Hence, we hypothesized that the heart of chicks at around 1 week of age acutely responds to cold environment. To investigate the effect of acute (24 h) and long-term (2 weeks) cold on the heart of chicks, 7-day-old chicks were exposed to cold temperature (4 °C) or kept warm (30 °C). Chicks exposed to the cold showed cardiac hypertrophy with marked left ventricular (LV) chamber dilation and wall thickening. On the other hand, long-term cold exposure (2 weeks from 7-day-old) induced an increase in total ventricular mass, but not in LV morphological parameters. Then, we investigated the details of acute cardiac hypertrophy in chicks. Electron microscopy revealed that cardiomyocytes in the hypertrophied LV had enlarged mitochondria with less dense cristae. Although the mRNA expression of lipoprotein lipase in the LV of the cold-exposed chicks significantly increased, the mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation did not change in response to cold exposure. In addition, the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha, which enhances mitochondrial biogenesis and function under physiological cardiac hypertrophy, increased in LV of cold-exposed chicks. The study found that acute cold exposure to neonatal chicks induces LV hypertrophy. However, these results suggest that acute cold exposure to chicks might induce both adaptive and maladaptive responses of the LV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Matsubara
- Division of Agro-biological Resource Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan.,Division of Sports Medicine, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Saki Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Daichi Ijiri
- Division of Agro-biological Resource Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan. .,Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan.
| | - Akira Ohtsuka
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24 Korimoto, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
| | - Yukio Kanai
- Division of Agro-biological Resource Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
| | - Miho Hirabayashi
- Division of Agro-biological Resource Sciences and Technology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8577, Japan
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14
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Role of BKCa channels in vascular smooth muscle during the development of environmental cold-induced hypertension. J Therm Biol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2013.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Gildea JJ, Tran HT, Van Sciver RE, Bigler Wang D, Carlson JM, Felder RA. A novel role for c-Myc in G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) transcriptional regulation in human kidney proximal tubule cells. Hypertension 2013; 61:1021-7. [PMID: 23509080 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) negatively regulates the dopaminergic system by desensitizing the dopamine-1-receptor. The expressional control of GRK4 has not been reported, but here we show that the transcription factor c-Myc binds to the promoter of GRK4 and positively regulates GRK4 protein expression in human renal proximal tubule cells (RPTCs). Addition of phorbol esters to RPTCs not only increased c-Myc binding to the GRK4 promoter but also increased both phospho-c-Myc and GRK4 expression. The phorbol ester-mediated increase in GRK4 expression was completely blocked by the c-Myc inhibitor, 10074-G5, indicating that GRK4 is downstream of phospho-c-Myc. The autocrine production of angiotensin II (Ang II) in RPTCs increased the phosphorylation and activation of c-Myc and subsequently GRK4 expression. 3-Amino-4-thio-butyl sulfonate, an inhibitor of aminopeptidase A, increased RPTC secretion of Ang II. 3-Amino-4-thio-butyl sulfonate or Ang II increased the expression of both phospho-c-Myc and GRK4, which was blocked by 10074-G5. Blockade of the Ang II type 1 receptor with losartan decreased phospho-c-Myc and GRK4 expression. Both inhibition of c-Myc activity and blockade of Ang II type 1 receptor restored the coupling of dopamine-1-receptor to adenylyl cyclase stimulation in uncoupled RPTCs, whereas phorbol esters or Ang II caused the uncoupling of normally coupled RPTCs. We suggest that the Ang II type 1 receptor impairs dopamine-1-receptor function via c-Myc activation of GRK4. This novel pathway may be involved in the increase in blood pressure in hypertension that is mediated by increased activity of the renin-angiotensin system and decreased activity of the renal dopaminergic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Gildea
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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16
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Crosswhite P, Sun Z. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase-1 attenuates cold-induced pulmonary hypertension. Hypertension 2013; 61:585-92. [PMID: 23319544 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.111.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic exposure to cold caused pulmonary arterial hypertension (cold-induced pulmonary hypertension [CIPH]) and increased phosphodiesterase-1C (PDE-1C) expression in pulmonary arteries (PAs) in rats. The purpose of this study is to investigate a hypothesis that inhibition of PDE-1 would decrease inflammatory infiltrates and superoxide production leading to attenuation of CIPH. Three groups of male rats were exposed to moderate cold (5±1°C) continuously, whereas 3 groups were maintained at room temperature (23.5±1°C, warm; 6 rats/group). After 8-week exposure to cold, 3 groups in each temperature condition received continuous intravenous infusion of 8-isobutyl-methylxanthine (8-IBMX) (PDE-1 inhibitor), apocynin (NADPH oxidase inhibitor) or vehicle, respectively, for 1 week. Cold exposure significantly increased right-ventricular systolic pressure compared with warm groups (33.8±3.2 versus 18.6±0.3 mm Hg), indicating that animals developed CIPH. Notably, treatment with 8-IBMX significantly attenuated the cold-induced increase in right ventricular pressure (23.5±1.8 mm Hg). Cold exposure also caused right-ventricular hypertrophy, whereas 8-IBMX reversed cold-induced right ventricular hypertrophy. Cold exposure increased PDE-1C protein expression, macrophage infiltration, NADPH oxidase activity, and superoxide production in PAs and resulted in PA remodeling. 8-IBMX abolished cold-induced upregulation of PDE-1C in PAs. Interestingly, inhibition of PDE-1 eliminated cold-induced macrophage infiltration, NADPH oxidase activation, and superoxide production in PAs and reversed PA remodeling. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase by apocynin abolished cold-induced superoxide production and attenuated CIPH and PA remodeling. In conclusion, inhibition of PDE-1 attenuated CIPH and reversed cold-induced PA remodeling by suppressing macrophage infiltration and superoxide production, suggesting that upregulation of PDE-1C expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of CIPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Crosswhite
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901, USA
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17
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Wolfram JA, Lesnefsky EJ, Hoit BD, Smith MA, Lee HG. Therapeutic potential of c-Myc inhibition in the treatment of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Ther Adv Chronic Dis 2011; 2:133-44. [PMID: 21858245 DOI: 10.1177/2040622310393059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigating the pathophysiological importance of the molecular and mechanical development of cardiomyopathy is critical to find new and broader means of protection against this disease that is increasing in prevalence and impact. The current available treatment options for cardiomyopathy mainly focus on treating symptoms and strive to make the patient more comfortable while preventing progression of disease and sudden death. The proto-oncogene c-Myc (Myc) has been shown to be increased in many different types of heart disease, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, before any signs of the disease are present. As the mechanisms of action and multiple pathways of dependent actions of Myc are being dissected by many research groups, inhibition of Myc is becoming an attractive paradigm for prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy and heart failure. Elucidating the role Myc plays in the development, propagation and perpetuation of cardiomyopathy and heart failure will one day translate into potential therapeutics for cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Wolfram
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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18
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Artificial microRNA interference targeting AT1a receptors in paraventricular nucleus attenuates hypertension in rats. Gene Ther 2011; 19:810-7. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Zuo Z, Lei H, Wang X, Wang Y, Sonntag W, Sun Z. Aging-related kidney damage is associated with a decrease in klotho expression and an increase in superoxide production. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2011; 33:261-74. [PMID: 20830528 PMCID: PMC3168600 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine changes in klotho, endothelin (ET) receptors, and superoxide production in kidneys of aged rats and whether these changes are exacerbated in aged rats with cognitive impairment. Twenty aged rats (male, 27 months) were divided into an Old Impaired group (n=9) and an Old Intact group (n=11) according to a cognitive function test. A group of 12-month-old rats (n=10) was used as a Young Intact group. Serum creatinine was increased significantly in the Old Impaired group, suggesting impaired renal function. Aged rats showed glomerulosclerosis and tubulointerstitialfibrosis. These pathological changes were markedly aggravated in the old cognitively impaired than in the old cognitively intact animals. Notably, aged rats demonstrated a significant decrease in klotho protein expression in renal cortex and medulla. Protein expression of IL-6, Nox2, ETa receptors and superoxide production were increased whereas mitochondrial SOD (MnSOD) and ETb receptors expression were decreased in kidneys of the aged rats. Interestingly, these changes were more pronounced in the old impaired than in the old intact rats. In conclusion, the aging-related kidney damage was exacerbated in aged rats with cognitive impairment. Klotho, ETB, and MnSOD were downregulated but ETa, IL-6, Nox2, and superoxide production were upregulated in the aging-related kidney damage. These changes were more pronounced in rats with cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Zuo
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Han Lei
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiuqing Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Yuhong Wang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - William Sonntag
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
- The Robert and Mary Cade Laboratory, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), 940 S. L. Young Blvd., Oklahoma City, OK 73126-0901 USA
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20
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Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension is increased in winter and in cold regions of the world. Cold temperatures make hypertension worse and trigger cardiovascular complications (stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, etc.). Chronic or intermittent exposure to cold causes hypertension and cardiac hypertrophy in animals. The purpose of this review is to provide the recent advances in the mechanistic investigation of cold-induced hypertension (CIH). Cold temperatures increase the activities of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The SNS initiates CIH via the RAS. Cold exposure suppresses the expression of eNOS and formation of NO, increases the production of endothelin-1 (ET-1), up-regulates ETA receptors, but down-regulates ETB receptors. The roles of these factors and their relations in CIH will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Sun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
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21
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Demontis F, Perrimon N. Integration of Insulin receptor/Foxo signaling and dMyc activity during muscle growth regulates body size in Drosophila. Development 2009; 136:983-93. [PMID: 19211682 DOI: 10.1242/dev.027466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila larval skeletal muscles are single, multinucleated cells of different sizes that undergo tremendous growth within a few days. The mechanisms underlying this growth in concert with overall body growth are unknown. We find that the size of individual muscles correlates with the number of nuclei per muscle cell and with increasing nuclear ploidy during development. Inhibition of Insulin receptor (InR; Insulin-like receptor) signaling in muscles autonomously reduces muscle size and systemically affects the size of other tissues, organs and indeed the entire body, most likely by regulating feeding behavior. In muscles, InR/Tor signaling, Foxo and dMyc (Diminutive) are key regulators of endoreplication, which is necessary but not sufficient to induce growth. Mechanistically, InR/Foxo signaling controls cell cycle progression by modulating dmyc expression and dMyc transcriptional activity. Thus, maximal dMyc transcriptional activity depends on InR to control muscle mass, which in turn induces a systemic behavioral response to allocate body size and proportions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Demontis
- Department of Genetics, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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22
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Dammanahalli JK, Sun Z. Endothelin (ET)-1 inhibits nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase activity in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells: a novel function of ETB1 receptors. Endocrinology 2008; 149:4979-87. [PMID: 18535108 PMCID: PMC2582923 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Endothelin (ET)-1 stimulates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases and increases superoxide production in some cells such as vascular smooth muscle cells. Here, we reported that ET1 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide generation, and cell proliferation in human abdominal aortic endothelial cells (HAAECs) via the ETB1-Pyk2-Rac1-Nox1 pathway. Superoxide production was determined by assessing ethidium fluorescence using flow cytometry in HAAECs exposed to ET1 (10-30 nm) at different time intervals. ET1 significantly decreased superoxide production in HAAECs in the presence of NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester, indicating that ET1 suppressed superoxide generation independent of nitric oxide synthase. ET1 significantly attenuated NADPH oxidase activity and cell proliferation, which could be abolished by silence of Nox1 gene, suggesting that ET1-induced inhibition of NADPH oxidase activity was mediated by Nox1. Furthermore, RNA interference silence of ETB1 receptors significantly increased NADPH oxidase activity, and blocked the inhibitory effect of ET1 on NADPH oxidase activity. Activation of ETB1 receptors by ET1 suppressed protein phosphorylation of pyk2 (Y402) and Rac1, suggesting that ET1 inhibited NADPH oxidase activity via ETB1-Pyk2-Rac1 pathway. Indeed, inhibition of Pyk2 by AG-17 abolished ET1-induced suppression of NADPH oxidase activity. ET1 also attenuated angiotensin II-induced activation of NADPH oxidase and cell proliferation. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that ET1, via ETB1, inhibited NADPH oxidase activity in HAAECs by suppressing the Pyk2-Rac1-Nox1 pathway. This finding reveals a novel function of ETB1 receptors in regulating endothelial NADPH oxidase activity, superoxide production, and cell proliferation, opening a new avenue for understanding the role of ETB1 receptors in protecting endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagadeesha K Dammanahalli
- Department of Physiology, BMSB 662A, Box 26901, College of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 940 S. L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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