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Drosophila Corazonin Neurons as a Hub for Regulating Growth, Stress Responses, Ethanol-Related Behaviors, Copulation Persistence and Sexually Dimorphic Reward Pathways. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:jdb9030026. [PMID: 34287347 PMCID: PMC8293205 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuronal mechanisms by which complex behaviors are coordinated and timed often involve neuropeptidergic regulation of stress and reward pathways. Recent studies of the neuropeptide Corazonin (Crz), a homolog of the mammalian Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone (GnRH), have suggested its crucial role in the regulation of growth, internal states and behavioral decision making. We focus this review on Crz neurons with the goal to (1) highlight the diverse roles of Crz neuron function, including mechanisms that may be independent of the Crz peptide, (2) emphasize current gaps in knowledge about Crz neuron functions, and (3) propose exciting ideas of novel research directions involving the use of Crz neurons. We describe the different developmental fates of distinct subsets of Crz neurons, including recent findings elucidating the molecular regulation of apoptosis. Crz regulates systemic growth, food intake, stress responses and homeostasis by interacting with the short Neuropeptide F (sNPF) and the steroid hormone ecdysone. Additionally, activation of Crz neurons is shown to be pleasurable by interacting with the Neuropeptide F (NPF) and regulates reward processes such as ejaculation and ethanol-related behaviors in a sexually dimorphic manner. Crz neurons are proposed to be a motivational switch regulating copulation duration using a CaMKII-dependent mechanism described as the first neuronal interval timer lasting longer than a few seconds. Lastly, we propose ideas to use Crz neuron-induced ejaculation to study the effects of fictive mating and sex addiction in flies, as well as to elucidate dimorphic molecular mechanisms underlying reward behaviors and feeding disorders.
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Steuer I, Guertin PA. Central pattern generators in the brainstem and spinal cord: an overview of basic principles, similarities and differences. Rev Neurosci 2019; 30:107-164. [PMID: 30543520 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Central pattern generators (CPGs) are generally defined as networks of neurons capable of enabling the production of central commands, specifically controlling stereotyped, rhythmic motor behaviors. Several CPGs localized in brainstem and spinal cord areas have been shown to underlie the expression of complex behaviors such as deglutition, mastication, respiration, defecation, micturition, ejaculation, and locomotion. Their pivotal roles have clearly been demonstrated although their organization and cellular properties remain incompletely characterized. In recent years, insightful findings about CPGs have been made mainly because (1) several complementary animal models were developed; (2) these models enabled a wide variety of techniques to be used and, hence, a plethora of characteristics to be discovered; and (3) organizations, functions, and cell properties across all models and species studied thus far were generally found to be well-preserved phylogenetically. This article aims at providing an overview for non-experts of the most important findings made on CPGs in in vivo animal models, in vitro preparations from invertebrate and vertebrate species as well as in primates. Data about CPG functions, adaptation, organization, and cellular properties will be summarized with a special attention paid to the network for locomotion given its advanced level of characterization compared with some of the other CPGs. Similarities and differences between these networks will also be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Steuer
- Neuroscience Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL - CHU de Québec), 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Pierre A Guertin
- Neuroscience Unit, Laval University Medical Center (CHUL - CHU de Québec), 2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 4G2, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec G1V 0A6, Canada
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Ojo OA, Ojo AB, Oyinloye BE, Ajiboye BO, Anifowose OO, Akawa A, Olaiya OE, Olasehinde OR, Kappo AP. Ocimum gratissimum Linn. Leaves reduce the key enzymes activities relevant to erectile dysfunction in isolated penile and testicular tissues of rats. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:71. [PMID: 30890127 PMCID: PMC6425690 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ocimum gratissimum L. is a medicinal plant widely grown in tropical and subtropical regions with the leaf decoction usually taken in folk medicine to enhance erectile performance in men although the probable mechanism of actions remains undetermined. This study examined the inhibitory potentials of Ocimum gratissimum leaves on some key enzymes associated with erectile dysfunction in penile and testicular tissues of the rat. METHODS Inhibitory effect of aqueous extract (1:10 w/v) of O. gratissimum leaves on the activities of phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), arginase, angiotensin I -converting enzyme (ACE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in penile and testicular tissues were assessed. Also, the extract was investigated for ferric reducing antioxidant property(FRAP) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazil (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities. RESULTS The extract showed higher PDE-5 (IC50 = 43.19 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 44.23 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 55.51 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 46.12 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the penile tissue than PDE-5 (IC50 = 44.67 μg/mL), ACE (IC50 = 53.99 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 60.03 μg/mL) and arginase (IC50 = 49.12 μg/mL) inhibitory activity in the testicular tissue homogenate. Furthermore, the extract scavenged free radicals and in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION The enzyme activities displayed might be associated with the bioactive compounds present in the extract which could possibly explain its use in the management of erectile dysfunction (ED).
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Okeke BM, Adefegha SA, Oyeleye SI, Oboh G. Effects of combined crude alkaloid-rich extracts from alligator pepper (Aframomum melegueta)
and bastered melegueta (Aframomum danielli)
on the enzymes crucial to erectile dysfunction-in vitro. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bathlomew M. Okeke
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
| | - Stephen A. Adefegha
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
| | - Sunday I. Oyeleye
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology; Federal University of Technology, PMB 704; Akure, 340001 Nigeria
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Functional Foods, Nutraceuticals and Phytomedicine Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry; Federal University of Technology; Akure Nigeria
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Andreev-Andrievskiy A, Lagereva E, Popova A. Reflex erection in the rat: reciprocal interplay between hemodynamic and somatic events. BMC Urol 2018; 18:36. [PMID: 29739451 PMCID: PMC5941648 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-018-0352-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Penile erection is a complex reflex under spinal control and modulated by the brain. The hemodynamic events under autonomic control and the perineal muscles somatic activity are interconnected during the reflex erection at the spinal level, however if the afferent feedback on the corpus cavernosum pressure during an erection affects the somatic activity (perineal muscles contractions) and vice versa is not known. This study was aimed to test this hypothesis using a rat model. Methods Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and bulbocavernosus (BC) muscle EMG were recorded during reflex erections elicited with dorsal penile nerve (DNP) electrical stimulation in anaesthetized acutely spinalized SD rats with surgically (bilateral cavernous nerve section, CnX, n = 8) and pharmacologically (trimetaphan infusion, TMPh, n = 8) abolished pressor response, or with surgically (bilateral section of the motor branch of the pudendal nerve, PnX, n = 7) and pharmacologically (1 mg/kg d-tubocurarine, n = 8) blocked perineal muscles contractions, or with interrupted afferent input from the penis (bilateral crush of the dorsal penile nerve, DPnX, n = 7). Control rats (n = 8) received no intervention. Results Moderate positive correlations were found between net parameters of pressor and somatic activity during DNP-stimulation induced reflex erection in spinal rats, particularly the speed of pressor response development was positively correlated to EMG parameters. No changes of EMG activity were found in CnX rats, while the decrease of BC EMG in TMPh-treated males can be attributed to direct inhibitory action of TMPh on neuromuscular transmission. Pressor response latency was increased and ICP front slope decreased in dTK and PnX rats, indicating that perineal muscles contraction augment pressor response. DPN crush had little effect on ICP and EMG. Conclusion Afferent input on the level of intracavernous pressure and the perineal muscles activity has minimal impact on, correspondingly, the somatic and the autonomic components of the reflex erection in spinal males, once the reflex has been initiated. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12894-018-0352-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Andreev-Andrievskiy
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia. .,Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia. .,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Evgeniia Lagereva
- Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia.,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Anfisa Popova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Biology faculty, 1-12 Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia.,Institute for biomedical problems RAS, 76A Khoroshevskoe shosse, Moscow, 123007, Russia.,MSU Institute for mitoengeneering, LLC, 1-73A Leninskie gory, Moscow, 119234, Russia
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Alexander MS, Marson L. The neurologic control of arousal and orgasm with specific attention to spinal cord lesions: Integrating preclinical and clinical sciences. Auton Neurosci 2018; 209:90-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Oboh G, Ademiluyi AO, Oyeleye SI, Olasehinde TA, Boligon AA. Modulation of some markers of erectile dysfunction and malonaldehyde levels in isolated rat penile tissue with unripe and ripe plantain peels: identification of the constituents of the plants using HPLC. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1920-1926. [PMID: 28651482 PMCID: PMC7011878 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1340966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Plantain fruit pulp has been used as a natural remedy to manage erectile dysfunction (ED) in traditional medicine. However, the potency of the peel has not been examined with respect to ED management. OBJECTIVE This study investigated and compared the inhibitory potential of unripe (UPP) and ripe (RPP) plantain peels on some enzymes associated with ED and Fe2+-induced oxidative stress in albino rat penile homogenate in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHOD Aqueous extract of the peels was prepared and the effect on phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5), arginase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), angiotensin-I converting enzyme (ACE) and Fe2+-induced malonyladehyde in isolated albino rat penile homogenate were investigated. Phenolic constituents of the peels powder were characterized using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). RESULT Extract from UPP had higher PDE-5 (IC50 = 3.10 μg/mL), arginase (IC50 = 0.96 μg/mL), AChE (IC50 = 6.30 μg/mL) and ACE (IC50 = 0.41 μg/mL) inhibitory ability compared with RPP (PDE-5, IC50 = 4.33 μg/mL; arginase, IC50 = 1.34 μg/mL; AChE, IC50 = 8.64 μg/mL; ACE, IC50 = 0.63 μg/mL). The extract from UPP also had higher inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. HPLC-DAD analysis revealed that gallic and caffeic acids, rutin, quercitrin and quercetin were abundant in UPP, while catechin, kaempferol, chlorogenic and ellagic acids were the dominant phenolic compounds in RPP. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Inhibition of enzymes associated with ED and lipid peroxidation could be linked with the phenolic compounds. However, UPP appeared to be more potent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | | | - Sunday Idowu Oyeleye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
- Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Abiola Olasehinde
- Division of Nutrition and Toxicology, Department of Food Technology, Federal Institute of Industrial Research Oshodi, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Aline Augusti Boligon
- Phytochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Industrial Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
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Abstract
Delayed ejaculation (DE) is an uncommon and a challenging disorder to treat. It is often quite concerning to patients and it can affect psychosocial well-being. Here we reviewed how DE is treated pharmacologically .We also highlighted specific settings where drugs could be introduced to medical practice. Electronic databases were searched from 1966 to February 2016, including PubMed MEDLINE, EMBASE, EBCSO Academic Search Complete, Cochrane Systematic Reviews Database, and Google Scholar using key words; delayed ejaculation, retarded ejaculation, inhibited ejaculation, drugs, treatment, or pharmacology. To achieve the maximum sensitivity of the search strategy and to identify all studies, we combined “delayed ejaculation” as Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms or keywords with each of “testosterone” or “cabergoline” or “bupropion” or “amantadine” or “cyproheptadine” or “midodrine” or “imipramine” or “ephedrine” or “pseudoephedrine” or “yohimbine” or “buspirone” or “oxytocin” or “bethanechol” as MeSH terms or keywords. There are a number of drugs to treat patients with DE including: testosterone, cabergoline, bupropion, amantadine, cyproheptadine, midodrine, imipramine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, yohimbine, buspirone, oxytocin, and bethanechol. Although there are many pharmacological treatment options, the evidence is still limited to small trials, case series or case reports. Review of literature showed that evidence level 1 (Double blind randomized clinical trial) studies were performed with testosterone, oxytocin, buspirone or bethanechol treatment. It is concluded that successful drug treatment of DE is still in its infancy. The clinicians need to be aware of the pathogenesis of DE and the pharmacological basis underlying the use of different drugs to extend better care for these patients. Various drugs are available to address such problem, however their evidence of efficacy is still limited and their choice needs to be individualized to each specific case.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Taymour Mostafa
- Department of Andrology & Sexology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
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Depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Int Urol Nephrol 2015; 47:431-40. [PMID: 25673555 PMCID: PMC4341023 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-015-0920-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Symptoms of depression are common in patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and are usually a reaction to deterioration of health, severity of lower urinary tract symptoms, and erectile dysfunction. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with BPH and factors affecting their occurrence in a large Polish cohort. PATIENTS AND METHODS Four thousand thirty-five men (4,035) diagnosed with BPH participated in the survey (age 65 ± 8 years). The occurrence of symptoms of depression was assessed using the Beck depression inventory, severity of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) on the basis of the international prostate symptoms score, and erectile dysfunction using the international index of erectile function (IIEF-5). RESULTS Depressive symptoms were found in 22.4% of patients (mild in 20.8% and moderate/severe in 1.6%). Erectile dysfunction was found in 71.9% of patients. Monotherapy for BPH was prescribed to 50.9% of patients (mostly ARA-selective α1-selective alpha-adrenolytic-47.5%), while polytherapy (ARA with a 5-alpha reductase inhibitor-5αRI) to 47.9%. Logistic regression analysis showed a bidirectional relation between the occurrence of depressive symptoms and erectile dysfunction. The occurrence of both depressive symptoms and erectile dysfunction was related to severity of LUTS, nocturia, the use of 5αRI, comorbidity, and sedentary life style. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of depressive symptoms in patients diagnosed with BPH is associated with severity of LUTS, erectile dysfunction, nocturia, BPH pharmacotherapy (5αRIs), sedentary life style, and comorbidities including obesity.
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Guertin PA. Preclinical evidence supporting the clinical development of central pattern generator-modulating therapies for chronic spinal cord-injured patients. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:272. [PMID: 24910602 PMCID: PMC4038974 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ambulation or walking is one of the main gaits of locomotion. In terrestrial animals, it may be defined as a series of rhythmic and bilaterally coordinated movement of the limbs which creates a forward movement of the body. This applies regardless of the number of limbs-from arthropods with six or more limbs to bipedal primates. These fundamental similarities among species may explain why comparable neural systems and cellular properties have been found, thus far, to control in similar ways locomotor rhythm generation in most animal models. The aim of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the known structural and functional features associated with central nervous system (CNS) networks that are involved in the control of ambulation and other stereotyped motor patterns-specifically Central Pattern Generators (CPGs) that produce basic rhythmic patterned outputs for locomotion, micturition, ejaculation, and defecation. Although there is compelling evidence of their existence in humans, CPGs have been most studied in reduced models including in vitro isolated preparations, genetically-engineered mice and spinal cord-transected animals. Compared with other structures of the CNS, the spinal cord is generally considered as being well-preserved phylogenetically. As such, most animal models of spinal cord-injured (SCI) should be considered as valuable tools for the development of novel pharmacological strategies aimed at modulating spinal activity and restoring corresponding functions in chronic SCI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre A. Guertin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Laval UniversityQuebec City, QC, Canada
- Spinal Cord Injury and Functional Recovery Laboratory, Laval University Medical Center (CHU de Quebec)Quebec City, QC, Canada
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Tavukçu HH, Şener TE, Tinay İ, Akbal C, Erşahin M, Çevik Ö, Çadırcı S, Reiter RJ, Şener G. Melatonin and tadalafil treatment improves erectile dysfunction after spinal cord injury in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:309-16. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tarik Emre Şener
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - İlker Tinay
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Cem Akbal
- Department of Urology; School of Medicine; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Mehmet Erşahin
- Department of Neurosurgery; School of Medicine; Istanbul Medeniyet University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Özge Çevik
- Department of Biochemistry; School of Pharmacy; Cumhuriyet University; Sivas Turkey
| | - Selin Çadırcı
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology; The UT Health Science Center; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Göksel Şener
- Department of Pharmacology; School of Pharmacy; Marmara University; Istanbul Turkey
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Rowland DL. Genital and heart rate response to erotic stimulation in men with and without premature ejaculation. Int J Impot Res 2010; 22:318-24. [PMID: 20861844 DOI: 10.1038/ijir.2010.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study compared genital and penile response patterns in men with and without premature ejaculation (PE) so as to identify the potential anomalous psychosomatic relationships among men with PE. Genital and heart rate response profiles of 25 men with PE were compared with those of 13 age-matched sexually functional counterparts during visual sexual stimulation presented in combination with vibrotactile penile stimulation. Although no differences were found between men with PE and controls on maximum penile circumference change, overall penile response was significantly lower in the PE group and PE men who ejaculated during the session exhibited shorter latencies to maximum circumference change. Furthermore, significant differences were found between groups in patterns of heart rate. These findings indicate differences in physiological responses between men with PE and sexually functional counterparts during erectile tumescence and progression toward ejaculation. Such differences might be explained by 'premature' sympathetic activation during the sexual response cycle in men with PE, thereby diminishing parasympathetically controlled penile response and triggering sympathetically mediated seminal emission prematurely.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Rowland
- Department of Psychology, Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, IN 46383, USA.
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Temeltas G, Dagci T, Evren V, Lekili M. Effects of Neuronal and Glial Restricted Precursor Cells Transplantation on Erectile Function after Experimentally Induced Spinal Cord Injury. J Sex Med 2009; 6:3265-73. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1743-6109.2009.01376.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Guertin PA, Steuer I. Key central pattern generators of the spinal cord. J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:2399-405. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Muscarinic receptor antagonism at the spinal cord level causes inhibitory effects on male rat sexual behavior. Behav Brain Res 2009; 203:247-55. [PMID: 19450623 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2009.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2008] [Revised: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 05/09/2009] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of cholinergic neurotransmission in male rat sexual behavior at the brain level has been studied by several researchers. However, little is known about its role at the spinal cord level. In this study, the effects of the intrathecal (IT) administration of the muscarinic receptor antagonist subtypes (MRAs) methoctramine (Meth), tropicamide (Trop) and 4-DAMP on male rat sexual behavior were evaluated during three ejaculatory series. Meth and Trop are preferring antagonists for the M2/M4 receptor subtypes, and 4-DAMP is a preferring antagonist for the M3 receptor subtype. All the MRAs tested noticeably inhibited male rat copulatory behavior, reflected by a reduction in the number of animals engaging in sexual behavior and a gradual decrease in the number of animals able to ejaculate. Significant increases in intromission latency (IL), ejaculation latency (EL) and post-ejaculatory interval (PEI) were observed. The ranking of inhibitory potency in all recorded parameters was Meth>/=4-DAMP>Trop. In theory, the effects of Meth and Trop could be a result of interaction with M2/M4 receptors. However, given that the M2 receptor constitutes the greatest population of muscarinic receptors at all spinal cord sites and given the high affinity for Meth on M2 receptors, the high potency in the inhibitory effects of Meth is indicative of the special role of M2 spinal receptors in the implementation of this behavior. The weaker effects of Trop could be linked to the smaller population of M4 receptors in the spinal cord, but some interaction with M2 receptors is probable. Since some differences in the pattern of inhibitory response between Meth and 4-DAMP were observed in this and a previous study, a possible role for M3 receptors must be considered. The data obtained in this study confirm the facilitating effect of acetylcholine (ACh) at the spinal cord level on male rat sexual behavior through muscarinic mechanisms, with an important influence on ejaculatory processes. These data support the hypothesis of the modulating role of ACh on male rat sexual behavior at the spinal cord level.
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Abdel-Hamid IA, Jannini EA, Andersson KE. Premature ejaculation: focus on therapeutic targets. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2009; 13:175-93. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220802663549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Inskip JA, Ramer LM, Ramer MS, Krassioukov AV. Autonomic assessment of animals with spinal cord injury: tools, techniques and translation. Spinal Cord 2008; 47:2-35. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2008.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Carro-Juárez M, Rodríguez-Manzo G. The spinal pattern generator for ejaculation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 58:106-20. [PMID: 18241924 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2007.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/05/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Carro-Juárez
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Reproductivo, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, C.P.90000, Tlaxcala, México.
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Ranson RN, Dowling P, Santer RM, Watson AHD. The effects of ageing on the distribution of vesicular acetylcholine transporter immunoreactive inputs to pelvic motoneurons of male Wistar rats. Neuroscience 2006; 144:636-44. [PMID: 17074444 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2006] [Revised: 09/19/2006] [Accepted: 09/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Age-related changes in the number and size of large cholinergic terminals immunoreactive for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT), were documented for the dorsolateral nucleus (DLN), retrodorsolateral nucleus (RDLN) and spinal nucleus of the bulbospongiosus (SNB) of the lumbosacral spinal cord of male rats. The most significant changes were a large increase in the number and size of cholinergic terminals within the DLN of aged animals, together with a small decrease in terminal number within the RDLN. No significant age-associated differences in VAChT labeling were seen within the SNB. In both age groups, SNB motoneurons projecting to the levator ani muscle received about 9 to 10 contacts from large cholinergic terminals. Ultrastructural examination of the terminals revealed structures likely to be postsynaptic subsurface cisterns that are characteristic of type C terminal boutons. Since both the DLN and SNB contain motoneurons innervating pelvic muscles and sphincters, these findings provide further evidence for a central cholinergic influence on micturition and sexual reflexes and suggest that this may remain robust in the face of ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- R N Ranson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Buildings, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.
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Marson L, Gravitt K. Spinal neurons activated with the urethrogenital reflex in the male rat. Brain Res 2004; 1026:108-15. [PMID: 15476702 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The urethrogenital (UG) reflex is a spinal ejaculatory-like reflex. The location of spinal neurons activated by the UG reflex was examined in the male rat using the immediate early gene, c-fos. In addition, co localization of neurons containing galanin and choline acetyl transferase (ChAT) and serotonin fibers with fos-immunoreactive (fos-I) nuclei was examined. Activation of the UG reflex resulted in a significant increase in fos positive nuclei in segments T13-S1, compared to controls in which the UG reflex was not activated. Spinal circuits involved in the UG reflex include neurons relaying afferent information from the pudendal sensory nerve, in the dorsal horn and medial cord of L5-S1. Interneurons specifically activated with the UG reflex were identified in the medial, intermediate and lateral gray. A small proportion of parasympathetic and sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column (IML) of L5-S1 and IML and medial gray of T13-L2, respectively, was activated with the UG reflex. A significant increase in the number of galanin containing neurons expressing c-fos in the medial gray of L3-L4 was also observed with the UG reflex. Serotonin fibers and varicosities were found throughout the spinal cord and were especially dense in the ventral horn, IML and medial gray. Fos activated neurons were found in close apposition to serotonin fibers in the IML and medial gray. These studies demonstrate the multisegmental intraspinal circuitry responsible for ejaculatory-like responses and demonstrate the potential involvement of galanin, acetylcholine and serotonin in mediation of the UG reflex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesley Marson
- Division of Urology, University of North Carolina, 2330 MBRB, CB #7052, 103 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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