1
|
Hernández-Vásquez A, Vargas-Fernández R. Prevalence of Prehypertension and Associated Cardiovascular Risk Profiles among Adults in Peru: Findings from a Nationwide Population-Based Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137867. [PMID: 35805525 PMCID: PMC9265298 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Prehypertension is a clinical condition that increases the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. In South American countries, prehypertension affects almost one-third of the population. The aim of the present study was to determine the association between prehypertension and the main cardiometabolic risk factors according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III by sex in the Peruvian population. A total of 863 participants surveyed were included in the study. A total of 21.1% had prehypertension, 14.4% of whom were female, and 30.5% were male. Women belonging to the age group 50–59 years, having abdominal obesity and being a current smoker, were more likely to have prehypertension, while the likelihood of having prehypertension increased in men with abdominal obesity. Three out of 10 men and one out of 10 women in Peru have prehypertension. In women, being 50 to 59 years of age, having abdominal obesity, and being a current smoker, increased the probability of having prehypertension, whereas, in men, only abdominal obesity was found to be associated with prehypertension. Our findings will allow the development of prevention strategies focused on the appropriate diagnosis of prehypertension and cardiometabolic risk factors according to sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akram Hernández-Vásquez
- Centro de Excelencia en Investigaciones Económicas y Sociales en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima 15024, Peru
- Correspondence:
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhang C, Li L, Cheng S, Chowdhury D, Tan Y, Liu X, Zhao N, He X, Jiang M, Lu C, Lyu A. Weight changes in hypertensive patients with phlegm-dampness syndrome: an integrated proteomics and metabolomics approach. Chin Med 2021; 16:54. [PMID: 34233719 PMCID: PMC8265088 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-021-00462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension (HTN) patients who have phlegm-dampness syndrome (PDS) tend to be obese and have worse outcomes. However, the association of body weight (BW) changes and mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of HTN-PDS are not well elucidated. This study aims to identify the longitudinal observations associated with the circulating markers discriminating BW changes of individuals with HTN-PDS. METHODS An integrative approach relying on metabolomics and proteomics was applied to serum samples from HTN-PDS patients in a prospective cohort to identify the plausible mechanistic pathways underpinning HTN-PDS pathophysiology. Study participants were determined to have experienced a weight change if they showed a 5%-15% increase/reduction in BW at the end of the follow-up period. The joint pathway analysis and network analysis were performed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA®) on the serum samples obtained from the participants over the period. RESULTS The study involved 22 HTN-PDS patients who were overweight initially and were able to lose enough weight and 24 HTN-PDS individuals who developed overweight from normal BMI during a one-year follow-up. Our analysis suggested three types of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were altered. PC (22:2(13Z,16Z)/24:1(15Z)) and LysoPC (16:1(9Z)) were decreased in Queryweight gain samples, whereas the levels of PC (14:0/16:0) were increased in weight loss samples. The metabolomic analysis suggested 24 metabolites associated with HTN-PDS. Of them, 13 were up-regulated and 11 were down-regulated. The two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) identified 45 phosphorylated proteins got altered in the HTN-PDS patients, wherein 23 were up-regulated and 22 were down-regulated. Integrated proteomic and metabolomics analyse acknowledged biomarkers PC, Complement C3, C4a/C4b, A2M and SERPINF1 as strong predictors for BW changes in HTN-PDS patients. CONCLUSION The combined serum proteomic and metabolomic profiling reveals a link between BW change and the complement system activity, altered phosphatidylcholine metabolism in HTN-PDS patients. Future studies with larger cohorts are required to strengthen and validate these findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Zhang
- Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100700, China.
- Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- School of Nursing, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Debajyoti Chowdhury
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Tan
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinru Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaojuan He
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Jiang
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Aiping Lyu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinformedicine & Translational Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Trends in body mass index among ever-married Bangladeshi women, 2004-14: evidence from nationally representative population-based surveys. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e28. [PMID: 34094509 PMCID: PMC8141677 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both high and low body weight are associated with adverse health risk for both mother and children. Studies evaluating trends in the coverage of undernutrition and overnutrition among ever-married Bangladeshi women are limited. The objective of the present study is to assess the trends and develop future projections of body weight status among Bangladeshi women and to estimate the smoothed mean BMI by women's age for the national level and across urban and rural areas. Data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys conducted between 2004 and 2014 were used. The annual rate of change in the prevalence of underweight, overweight, and obesity, and smoothed age-specific mean BMI was estimated. During 2004–14, the prevalence of underweight reduced with an annual rate of 5⋅9 % at the national level, while the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with an annual rate of 8⋅6 and 9⋅6 %, respectively. With the recent trends, the prevalence of underweight is expected to reduce from 11⋅9 % in 2020 to 6⋅5 % by 2025. In 2020, the prevalence of overweight and obesity were 30⋅0 and 6⋅9 %, respectively, which are projected to increase to 38⋅5 and 9⋅0 %, respectively, by 2025, if present trends continue. By 2030, the prevalence of overweight was predicted to be much higher in urban areas (44⋅7 %) compared with rural areas (36⋅5 %). Multifaceted nutrition programme should be introduced for rapid reduction of undernutrition and to halt the rise of the prevalence of overweight and obesity.
Collapse
|
4
|
Lydia A, Setiati S, Soejono CH, Istanti R, Marsigit J, Azwar MK. Prevalence of prehypertension and its risk factors in midlife and late life: Indonesian family life survey 2014-2015. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:493. [PMID: 33711980 PMCID: PMC7953817 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-10544-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection of prehypertension is important to prevent hypertension-related complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Data regarding the prevalence of prehypertension among mid- and late-life population in Indonesia were lacking. It is crucial to obtain the prevalence data and identify the risk factors for prehypertension in Indonesia, which may differ from that of other countries. METHODS The cross-sectional analysis utilized multicenter data from Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) from 13 provinces in 2014-2015. We included all subjects at mid-and late-life (aged ≥40 years old) from IFLS-5 with complete blood pressure data and excluded those with prior diagnosis of hypertension. Prehypertension was defined as high-normal blood pressure according to International Society of Hypertension (ISH) 2020 guideline (systolic 130-139 mmHg and/or diastolic 85-89 mmHg). Sociodemographic factors, chronic medical conditions, physical activity, waist circumference and nutritional status were taken into account. Statistical analyses included bivariate and multivariate analyses. RESULTS There were 5874 subjects included. The prevalence of prehypertension among Indonesian adults aged > 40 years old was 32.5%. Age ≥ 60 years (adjusted OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.41-2.01, p < 0.001), male sex (adjusted OR 1.65, 95% CI 1.45-1.88, p < 0.001), overweight (adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.22-1.70, p < 0.001), obesity (adjusted OR 1.77, 95% CI 1.48-2.12, p < 0.001), and raised waist circumference (adjusted OR 1.32, 95% CI 1.11-1.56, p = 0.002) were the significant risk factors associated with prehypertension. Prehypertension was inversely associated with being underweight (adjusted OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.59-0.93, p = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of prehypertension in Indonesian mid- and late-life populations is 32.5%. Age ≥ 60 years, male sex, overweight, obesity, and raised waist circumference are risk factors for prehypertension.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aida Lydia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Setiati
- Clinical Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Czeresna Heriawan Soejono
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rahmi Istanti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatric Medicine, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Linderman GC, Lu J, Lu Y, Sun X, Xu W, Nasir K, Schulz W, Jiang L, Krumholz HM. Association of Body Mass Index With Blood Pressure Among 1.7 Million Chinese Adults. JAMA Netw Open 2018; 1:e181271. [PMID: 30646115 PMCID: PMC6324286 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2018.1271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with blood pressure (BP); this association has critical implications for countries like China, where hypertension is highly prevalent and obesity is increasing. A greater understanding of the association between BMI and BP is required to determine its effect and develop strategies to mitigate it. OBJECTIVE To assess the heterogeneity in the association between BMI and BP across a wide variety of subgroups of the Chinese population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this cross-sectional study, data were collected at 1 time point from 1.7 million adults (aged 35-80 years) from 141 primary health care sites (53 urban districts and 88 rural counties) from all 31 provinces in mainland China who were enrolled in the China PEACE (Patient-Centered Evaluative Assessment of Cardiac Events) Million Persons Project, conducted between September 15, 2014, and June 20, 2017. A comprehensive subgroup analysis was performed by defining more than 22 000 subgroups of individuals based on covariates, and within each subgroup, linearly regressing BMI to BP. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Systolic BP was measured twice with the participant in a seated position, using an electronic BP monitor. RESULTS The study included 1 727 411 participants (1 027 711 women and 699 700 men; mean [SD] age, 55.7 [9.8] years). Among the study sample, the mean (SD) BMI was 24.7 (3.5), the mean (SD) systolic BP was 136.5 (20.4) mm Hg, and the mean (SD) diastolic BP was 81.1 (11.2) mm Hg. The increase of BP per unit BMI ranged from 0.8 to 1.7 mm Hg/(kg/m2) for 95% of the subgroups not taking antihypertensive medication. The association between BMI and BP was substantially weaker in subgroups of patients taking antihypertensive medication compared with those who were untreated. In untreated subgroups, 95% of the coefficients varied by less than 1 mm Hg/(kg/m2). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE The association between BMI and BP is positive across tens of thousands of individuals in population subgroups, and, if causal, given its magnitude, would have significant implications for public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George C. Linderman
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Jiapeng Lu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xin Sun
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Prevention and Wellness Research, Baptist Health Medical Group, Miami Beach, Florida
| | - Wade Schulz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Lixin Jiang
- National Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Harlan M. Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale–New Haven Hospital, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Heianza Y, Kodama S, Arase Y, Hsieh SD, Yoshizawa S, Tsuji H, Saito K, Tanaka S, Hara S, Sone H. Role of Body Mass Index History in Predicting Risk of the Development of Hypertension in Japanese Individuals. Hypertension 2014; 64:247-52. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Satoru Kodama
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Yasuji Arase
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Shiun Dong Hsieh
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Sakiko Yoshizawa
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Kazumi Saito
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Shiro Tanaka
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Shigeko Hara
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| | - Hirohito Sone
- From the Department of Internal Medicine, Niigata University Faculty of Medicine, Niigata, Japan (Y.H., S.K., S.Y., K.S., H.S.); Health Management Center, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.H., S.K., Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., K.S., S.H., H.S.); Okinaka Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo, Japan (Y.A., S.D.H., H.T., S.H.); and Department of Pharmacoepidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Public Health, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan (S.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Donahue RP, Stranges S, Rafalson L, Dmochowski J, Dorn J, Trevisan M. Risk factors for prehypertension in the community: a prospective analysis from the Western New York Health Study. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:162-7. [PMID: 24361073 PMCID: PMC3943940 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Prehypertension is an increasingly highly prevalent condition in the general population, and is associated with an increased risk for coronary heart disease and stroke. However, evidence from population-based studies of the risk factors for prehypertension is scant. We sought to examine the predictors of progression from normotension to prehypertension in a community-based population from Western New York. METHODS AND RESULTS A longitudinal analysis, over 6 years of follow-up, among 569 men and women (mean age 51.8 years) who were free of prehypertension, hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes at the baseline examination, in the Western New York Health Study (WNYHS). Incident prehypertension at follow-up was defined as systolic blood pressure of 120-139 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure of 80-89 mm Hg. The cumulative six year incidence of prehypertension was 33.5% (189/564). In bivariate analyses, there were several correlates of incident prehypertension, including age, BMI and waist circumference, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), uric acid, and baseline blood pressure levels. After multivariate adjustment, IFG at baseline [odds ratio (OR): 1.70, 95% CI: 1.07-2.69) and weight gain since age 25 (OR: 1.12, 1.04-1.21 per 10 lb increase)] were the strongest significant predictors of prehypertension at follow-up. Neither baseline waist circumference nor change in BMI were predictor variables in models when they were substituted for weight gain. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study suggest early dysregulation of glucose metabolism and weight gain over the lifespan may represent important risk factors for prehypertension in the general population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R P Donahue
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - S Stranges
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA; Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick Medical School, Coventry, UK
| | - L Rafalson
- Department of Health Policy, D'Youville College, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - J Dmochowski
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of North Carolina Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - J Dorn
- Department of Exercise, Nutrition Science, School of Public Health and Health Professions, State University of New York at Buffalo (SUNY), Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - M Trevisan
- School of Biomedical Education, City College of New York (CUNY), NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jancso Z, Halmy E, Rurik I. Differences in weight gain in hypertensive and diabetic elderly patients primary care study. J Nutr Health Aging 2012; 16:592-6. [PMID: 22660003 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment and care of elderly patients with diabetes and hypertension means a hard task in primary care. Patients with these two components of metabolic syndrome are often overweight or obese. Although some parameters of metabolic syndrome are usually measured in a medical setting, checking body weight is usually done by the patients. AIM The aim of this study is to analyse the patients' self-recorded data on weight and compare them according to hypertension and diabetes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Five hundred and forty people (225 men and 315 women) between 60 and 75 years of age were eventually selected in primary care settings. Retrospective self-recorded data on recent weights and every decade since the age of 20, as well as the decade prior to diagnosis were collected. The data of patients with and without diabetes and/or hypertension were compared. RESULTS The current mean body weight was significantly higher in all groups than at the age of 20. Compared with the control group, hypertensive men and women were approximately of the same weight in their twenties and, also, recently, but they gained more weight in the 4th and 5th decades of their life. Diabetics started at higher weights. The greatest weight gain was observed as follows: between 20-30 years and 30-40 years in men and women, respectively, as well as between 50-60 years of age and in the last decade prior to diagnosis in both genders. Weight gain in the control group was steady at a lower rate. CONCLUSIONS Weight gain between 20-40 years of age could be an important factor in the aetiology of diabetes. Stable or at least limited weight gain may be a preventive factor. Considering the limitations of the study, further and decades long epidemiological evaluations are suggested in a larger study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z Jancso
- Department of Family and Óccupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, 4032 Debrecen, Nagyerdei krt. 98, Debrecen, Hungary
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mills JP, Perry CD, Reicks M. Eating frequency is associated with energy intake but not obesity in midlife women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:552-9. [PMID: 20966909 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Midlife women tend to gain weight with age, thus increasing risk of chronic disease. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between overweight/obesity and behavioral factors, including eating frequency, in a cross-sectional national sample of midlife women (n = 1,099) (mean age = 49.7 years, and BMI = 27.7 kg/m²). Eating behaviors and food and nutrient intakes were based on a mailed 1-day food record. BMI was calculated from self-reported height and weight, and level of physical activity was assessed by self-reported questionnaire. After exclusion of low-energy reporters (32% of sample), eating frequency was not associated with overweight/obesity (P > 0.05) and was not different between BMI groups (normal, 5.21 ± 1.79; overweight, 5.16 ± 1.74; obese, 5.12 ± 1.68, P = 0.769). Adjusted logistic regression showed that eating frequency, snacking frequency, breakfast consumption, eating after 10 PM and consuming meals with children or other adults were not significantly associated with overweight/obesity. Total energy intake increased as eating frequency increased in all BMI groups, however, obese women had greater energy intake compared to normal weight women who consumed the same number of meals and snacks. Intake of fruit and vegetables, whole grains, dietary fiber, dairy, and added sugars also increased as eating frequency increased. While eating frequency was not associated with overweight/obesity, it was associated with energy intake. Thus, addressing total energy intake rather than eating frequency may be more appropriate to prevent weight gain among midlife women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan P Mills
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
El-Eshmawy MM, El-Adawy EH, Mousa AA, Zeidan AE, El-Baiomy AA, Abdel-Samie ER, Saleh OM. Elevated serum neutrophil elastase is related to prehypertension and airflow limitation in obese women. BMC WOMENS HEALTH 2011; 11:1. [PMID: 21247478 PMCID: PMC3031240 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6874-11-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2010] [Accepted: 01/19/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil elastase level/activity is elevated in a variety of diseases such as atherosclerosis, systolic hypertension and obstructive pulmonary disease. It is unknown whether obese individuals with prehypertension also have elevated neutrophil elastase, and if so, whether it has a deleterious effect on pulmonary function. OBJECTIVES To determine neutrophil elastase levels in obese prehypertensive women and investigate correlations with pulmonary function tests. METHODS Thirty obese prehypertensive women were compared with 30 obese normotensive subjects and 30 healthy controls. The study groups were matched for age. MEASUREMENTS The following were determined: body mass index, waist circumference, blood pressure, lipid profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, serum neutrophil elastase, and pulmonary function tests including forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and FEV1/FVC ratio. RESULTS Serum neutrophil elastase concentration was significantly higher in both prehypertensive (405.8 ± 111.6 ng/ml) and normotensive (336.5 ± 81.5 ng/ml) obese women than in control non-obese women (243.9 ± 23.9 ng/ml); the level was significantly higher in the prehypertensive than the normotensive obese women. FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC ratio in both prehypertensive and normotensive obese women were significantly lower than in normal controls, but there was no statistically significant difference between the prehypertensive and normotensive obese women. In prehypertensive obese women, there were significant positive correlations between neutrophil elastase and body mass index, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high sensitivity C-reactive protein and negative correlations with high density lipoprotein cholesterol, FEV1, FVC and FEV1/FVC. CONCLUSION Neutrophil elastase concentration is elevated in obese prehypertensive women along with an increase in high sensitivity C-reactive protein which may account for dyslipidemia and airflow dysfunction in the present study population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mervat M El-Eshmawy
- Internal Medicine Department, Specialized Medical Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Whalley GA, Gusso S, Hofman P, Cutfield W, Poppe KK, Doughty RN, Baldi JC. Structural and functional cardiac abnormalities in adolescent girls with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2009; 32:883-8. [PMID: 19196881 PMCID: PMC2671111 DOI: 10.2337/dc08-2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Type 2 diabetes is associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction, which may eventually lead to clinical heart failure. We sought to determine the cardiovascular effects of adolescent-onset type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We recruited diabetic girls (8 with type 2 and 11 with type 1 diabetes) from a hospital diabetes service and nondiabetic control subjects (9 lean and 11 overweight) from the schools of the diabetic subjects. Echocardiography and measurements were performed by a single observer, blinded to subject group allocation, and included M-mode left ventricular dimensions, two-dimensional left ventricular mass, Doppler diastolic flows, estimation of left ventricular filling pressure, and systolic longitudinal motion. Left ventricular mass was indexed to height and fat-free body mass. ANOVA was used to compare the groups. RESULTS The groups were similar in age and height, but significant differences in body composition were observed. Subjects with type 2 diabetes had larger left ventricular dimensions and left ventricular mass, which persisted when indexed to height. Diastolic filling was impaired in both diabetic groups, and systolic longitudinal function was lower in the type 2 diabetic group. Half of the group with type 2 diabetes met the published criteria for LVH and left ventricular dilatation; 25% had evidence of elevated left ventricular filling pressure in association with structural abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated preclinical abnormalities of cardiac structure and function in adolescent girls with type 2 diabetes, despite the short duration of diabetes and highlights the potential high cardiovascular risk occurring in adolescent type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillian A Whalley
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sudo N, Degeneffe D, Vue H, Ghosh K, Reicks M. Relationship between needs driving eating occasions and eating behavior in midlife women. Appetite 2008; 52:137-46. [PMID: 18835412 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2008.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Revised: 09/04/2008] [Accepted: 09/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between type of eating occasion based on need state segments experienced by 200 midlife women (46+/-6 years) and food group, nutrient, and energy intake. Women completed an Eating Occasion Questionnaire for 3 eating occasions over a 3-day period for which they maintained diet records. Cluster analysis segmented 559 eating occasions into six need states. Energy, total fat, and cholesterol consumption per occasion were highest in "routine family meal" occasions of which more than 60% were dinner and eaten at home with their children. The percentage of eating occasions in which fruits/vegetables were eaten was also highest in "routine family meal," followed by "healthy regimen." More than half of "indulgent escape" eating occasions occurred away from home and about one-third were experienced as a snack. Saturated fat and sweets intakes were the highest in the "indulgent escapes" occasions. Eating occasions experienced by women according to needs surrounding the occasion should be considered when developing tailored interventions to improve intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Sudo
- National Institute of Public Health, Department of Health Promotion and Research, 2-3-6, Minami, Wako-shi, Saitama Prefecture 351-0197, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Aging is generally accompanied by weight loss made up of both fat mass and fat-free mass. As more people, including elderly, are overweight or obese, weight loss is recommended to improve health. Health risks are decreased in overweight children and adults by dieting and exercise, but the health benefits of weight loss in elderly, particularly by calorie restriction, are uncertain. Rapid unintentional weight loss in elderly is usually indicative of underlying disease and accelerates the muscle loss which normally occurs with aging. Intentional weight loss, even when excess fat mass is targeted also includes accelerated muscle loss which has been shown in older persons to correlate negatively with functional capacity for independent living. Sarcopenic obesity, the coexistence of diminished lean mass and increased fat mass, characterizes a population particularly at risk for functional impairment since both sarcopenia (relative deficiency of skeletal muscle mass and strength) and obesity have been shown to predict disability. However, indices of overweight and obesity such as body mass index (BMI) do not correlate as strongly with adverse health outcomes such as cardiovascular disease in elderly as compared to younger individuals. Further, weight loss and low BMI in older persons are associated with mortality in some studies. On the other hand, studies have shown improvement in risk factors after weight loss in overweight/obese elderly. The recent focus on pro-inflammatory factors related to adiposity suggest that fat loss could ameliorate some catabolic conditions of aging since some cytokines may directly impact muscle protein synthesis and breakdown. Simply decreasing weight may also ease mechanical burden on weak joints and muscle, thus improving mobility. However, until a strategy is proven whereby further loss of muscle mass can be prevented, weight loss by caloric restriction in individuals with sarcopenic obesity should likely be avoided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Miller
- Research in Aging and Longevity, Donald W Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|