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Duarte M, Pedrosa SS, Khusial PR, Madureira AR. Exploring the interplay between stress mediators and skin microbiota in shaping age-related hallmarks: A review. Mech Ageing Dev 2024; 220:111956. [PMID: 38906383 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2024.111956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Psychological stress is a major contributing factor to several health problems (e.g., depression, cardiovascular disease). Around 35 % of the world's population suffers from it, including younger generations. Physiologically, stress manifests through neuroendocrine pathways (Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis and Sympathetic-Adrenal-Medullary (SAM) system) which culminate in the production of stress mediators like cortisol, epinephrine and norepinephrine. Stress and its mediators have been associated to body aging, through molecular mechanisms such as telomere attrition, mitochondrial dysfunction, cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and dysbiosis, among others. Regarding its impact in the skin, stress impacts its structural integrity and physiological function. Despite this review focusing on several hallmarks of aging, emphasis was placed on skin microbiota dysbiosis. In this line, several studies, comprising different age groups, demographic contexts and body sites, have reported skin microbiota alterations associated with aging, and some effects of stress mediators on skin microbiota have also been reviewed in this paper. From a different perspective, since it is not a "traditional" stress mediator, oxytocin, a cortisol antagonist, has been related to glucorticoids inhibition and to display positive effects on cellular aging. This hormone dysregulation has been associated to psychological issues such as depression, whereas its upregulation has been linked to positive social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Duarte
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Santos Pedrosa
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal
| | - P Raaj Khusial
- Amyris Biotech INC, 5885 Hollis St Ste 100, Emeryville, CA 94608-2405, USA
| | - Ana Raquel Madureira
- Universidade Católica Portuguesa, CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, Porto 4169-005, Portugal.
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2
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Jacob T, Annusver K, Czarnewski P, Dalessandri T, Kalk C, Levra Levron C, Campamà Sanz N, Kastriti ME, Mikkola ML, Rendl M, Lichtenberger BM, Donati G, Björklund ÅK, Kasper M. Molecular and spatial landmarks of early mouse skin development. Dev Cell 2023; 58:2140-2162.e5. [PMID: 37591247 PMCID: PMC11088744 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
A wealth of specialized cell populations within the skin facilitates its hair-producing, protective, sensory, and thermoregulatory functions. How the vast cell-type diversity and tissue architecture develops is largely unexplored. Here, with single-cell transcriptomics, spatial cell-type assignment, and cell-lineage tracing, we deconstruct early embryonic mouse skin during the key transitions from seemingly uniform developmental precursor states to a multilayered, multilineage epithelium, and complex dermal identity. We identify the spatiotemporal emergence of hair-follicle-inducing, muscle-supportive, and fascia-forming fibroblasts. We also demonstrate the formation of the panniculus carnosus muscle (PCM), sprouting blood vessels without pericyte coverage, and the earliest residence of mast and dendritic immune cells in skin. Finally, we identify an unexpected epithelial heterogeneity within the early single-layered epidermis and a signaling-rich periderm layer. Overall, this cellular and molecular blueprint of early skin development-which can be explored at https://kasperlab.org/tools-establishes histological landmarks and highlights unprecedented dynamic interactions among skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina Jacob
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl Annusver
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paulo Czarnewski
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Stockholm University, 17165 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tim Dalessandri
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christina Kalk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Chiara Levra Levron
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Nil Campamà Sanz
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Eleni Kastriti
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Neuroimmunology, Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Rendl
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Beate M Lichtenberger
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Donati
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Åsa K Björklund
- Department of Life Science, National Bioinformatics Infrastructure Sweden, Science for Life Laboratory, Chalmers University of Technology, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Maria Kasper
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Yue L, Lu Z, Guo T, Liu J, Yang B, Yuan C. Proteome Analysis of Alpine Merino Sheep Skin Reveals New Insights into the Mechanisms Involved in Regulating Wool Fiber Diameter. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15227. [PMID: 37894908 PMCID: PMC10607505 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Wool fiber is a textile material that is highly valued based on its diameter, which is crucial in determining its economic value. To analyze the molecular mechanisms regulating wool fiber diameter, we used a Data-independent acquisition-based quantitative proteomics approach to analyze the skin proteome of Alpine Merino sheep with four fiber diameter ranges. From three contrasts of defined groups, we identified 275, 229, and 190 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs). Further analysis using Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways revealed that pathways associated with cyclic adenosine monophosphate and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling are relevant to wool fiber diameter. Using the K-means method, we investigated the DEP expression patterns across wool diameter ranges. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis, we identified seven key proteins (CIDEA, CRYM, MLX, TPST2, GPD1, GOPC, and CAMK2G) that may be involved in regulating wool fiber diameter. Our findings provide a theoretical foundation for identifying DEPs and pathways associated with wool fiber diameter in Alpine Merino sheep to enable a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the genetic regulation of wool fiber quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Zengkui Lu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Sheep Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730050, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou 730050, China
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Villafán H, Gutiérrez-Ospina G. Looking beyond Self-Protection: The Eyes Instruct Systemic Immune Tolerance Early in Life. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1261. [PMID: 37759864 PMCID: PMC10526493 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The eyes provide themselves with immune tolerance. Frequent skin inflammatory diseases in young blind people suggest, nonetheless, that the eyes instruct a systemic immune tolerance that benefits the whole body. We tested this premise by using delayed skin contact hypersensitivity (DSCH) as a tool to compare the inflammatory response developed by sighted (S) and birth-enucleated (BE) mice against oxazolone or dinitrofluorobenzene at the ages of 10, 30 and 60 days of life. Adult mice enucleated (AE) at 60 days of age were also assessed when they reached 120 days of life. BE mice displayed exacerbated DSCH at 60 but not at 10 or 30 days of age. AE mice, in contrast, show no exacerbated DSCH. Skin inflammation in 60-day-old BE mice was hapten exclusive and supported by distinct CD8+ lymphocytes. The number of intraepidermal T lymphocytes and migrating Langerhans cells was, however, similar between S and BE mice by the age of 60 days. Our observations support the idea that the eyes instruct systemic immune tolerance that benefits organs outside the eyes from an early age. The higher prevalence of inflammatory skin disorders reported in young people might then reflect reduced immune tolerance associated with the impaired functional morphology of the eyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio Villafán
- Programa de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio D, 1piso, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - Gabriel Gutiérrez-Ospina
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Coordinación de Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Department of Zoology and Physiology and Wyoming Sensory Biology Center of Biomedical Research Excellence, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
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Mohamed NE, Soltan MR, Galal SA, El Sayed HS, Hassan HM, Khatery BH. Female Pattern Hair Loss and Negative Psychological Impact: Possible Role of Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF). Dermatol Pract Concept 2023; 13:e2023139. [PMID: 37557155 PMCID: PMC10412050 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1303a139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Female Pattern Hair Loss (FPHL) is considered the most common type of hair loss in females. Women with FPHL may suffer from psychological distress and defective social functioning. Patients with psychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders almost have a deficient brain and blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels (BDNF). This serum BDNF level may act as a diagnostic marker for negative psychological impact in FPHL patients. OBJECTIVES Evaluate the levels of serum BDNF in patients with FPHL and correlate its level to the severity of alopecia and the degree of psychological impact. METHODS Forty-six female patients with FPHL and 41 healthy age-matched female volunteers as a control were included in the study. Patients filled out a Dermatology Life Quality Index questionnaire. Both patients and controls filled Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) questionnaires. Serum levels of BDNF were measured for all the participants using the ELISA technique. RESULTS Patients with FPHL had significantly lower levels of BDNF and significantly higher Beck depression inventory score and PSS questionnaire scores. There is a significant negative correlation between serum levels of BDNF and Beck Depression Inventory, Beck Anxiety Inventory, and PSS questionnaire scores. CONCLUSIONS Patients with FPHL are at a high risk to develop chronic stress and depression. The serum level of BDNF is a good predictor for the assessment of chronic stress and depression in FPHL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha E Mohamed
- Department of Dermatology, STDs, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | | | - Sara A Galal
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine for Girls, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan Salem El Sayed
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University, Egypt The research was conducted in the outpatient clinic of the Department of Dermatology, STDs, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Fayoum University
| | - Hadir M Hassan
- Department of Dermatology, STDs, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Basma Hm Khatery
- Department of Dermatology, STDs, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine Fayoum University, Faiyum, Egypt
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Kropp KA, Sun G, Viejo-Borbolla A. Colonization of peripheral ganglia by herpes simplex virus type 1 and 2. Curr Opin Virol 2023; 60:101333. [PMID: 37267706 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2023.101333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and 2 (HSV-2) infect and establish latency in neurons of the peripheral nervous system to persist lifelong in the host and to cause recurrent disease. During primary infection, HSV replicates in epithelial cells in the mucosa and skin and then infects neurites, highly dynamic structures that grow or retract in the presence of attracting or repelling cues, respectively. Following retrograde transport in neurites, HSV establishes latency in the neuronal nucleus. Viral and cellular proteins participate in the chromatinization of the HSV genome that regulates gene expression, persistence, and reactivation. HSV-2 modulates neurite outgrowth during primary infection and upon reactivation, probably to facilitate infection and survival of neurons. Whether HSV-1 modulates neurite outgrowth and the underlying mechanism is currently under investigation. This review deals with HSV-1 and HSV-2 colonization of peripheral neurons, with a focus on the modulation of neurite outgrowth by these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai A Kropp
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guorong Sun
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany
| | - Abel Viejo-Borbolla
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, Hannover, Germany; Cluster of Excellence RESIST (EXC 2155), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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Matar DY, Ng B, Darwish O, Wu M, Orgill DP, Panayi AC. Skin Inflammation with a Focus on Wound Healing. Adv Wound Care (New Rochelle) 2023; 12:269-287. [PMID: 35287486 PMCID: PMC9969897 DOI: 10.1089/wound.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Significance: The skin is the crucial first-line barrier against foreign pathogens. Compromise of this barrier presents in the context of inflammatory skin conditions and in chronic wounds. Skin conditions arising from dysfunctional inflammatory pathways severely compromise the quality of life of patients and have a high economic impact on the U.S. health care system. The development of a thorough understanding of the mechanisms that can disrupt skin inflammation is imperative to successfully modulate this inflammation with therapies. Recent Advances: Many advances in the understanding of skin inflammation have occurred during the past decade, including the development of multiple new pharmaceuticals. Mechanical force application has been greatly advanced clinically. Bioscaffolds also promote healing, while reducing scarring. Critical Issues: Various skin inflammatory conditions provide a framework for analysis of our understanding of the phases of successful wound healing. The large burden of chronic wounds on our society continues to focus attention on the chronic inflammatory state induced in many of these skin conditions. Future Directions: Better preclinical models of disease states such as chronic wounds, coupled with enhanced diagnostic abilities of human skin, will allow a better understanding of the mechanism of action. This will lead to improved treatments with biologics and other modalities such as the strategic application of mechanical forces and scaffolds, which ultimately results in better outcomes for our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dany Y. Matar
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Oliver Darwish
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Medicine, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Elk Grove, California, USA
| | - Mengfan Wu
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dennis P. Orgill
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Adriana C. Panayi
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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8
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Molecular Mechanisms of Neurogenic Inflammation of the Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055001. [PMID: 36902434 PMCID: PMC10003326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The skin, including the hypodermis, is the largest body organ and is in constant contact with the environment. Neurogenic inflammation is the result of the activity of nerve endings and mediators (neuropeptides secreted by nerve endings in the development of the inflammatory reaction in the skin), as well as interactions with other cells such as keratinocytes, Langerhans cells, endothelial cells and mast cells. The activation of TRPV-ion channels results in an increase in calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P, induces the release of other pro-inflammatory mediators and contributes to the maintenance of cutaneous neurogenic inflammation (CNI) in diseases such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, prurigo and rosacea. Immune cells present in the skin (mononuclear cells, dendritic cells and mast cells) also express TRPV1, and their activation directly affects their function. The activation of TRPV1 channels mediates communication between sensory nerve endings and skin immune cells, increasing the release of inflammatory mediators (cytokines and neuropeptides). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the generation, activation and modulation of neuropeptide and neurotransmitter receptors in cutaneous cells can aid in the development of effective treatments for inflammatory skin disorders.
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Slominski AT, Slominski RM, Raman C, Chen JY, Athar M, Elmets C. Neuroendocrine signaling in the skin with a special focus on the epidermal neuropeptides. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1757-C1776. [PMID: 36317800 PMCID: PMC9744652 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00147.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The skin, which is comprised of the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue, is the largest organ in the human body and it plays a crucial role in the regulation of the body's homeostasis. These functions are regulated by local neuroendocrine and immune systems with a plethora of signaling molecules produced by resident and immune cells. In addition, neurotransmitters, endocrine factors, neuropeptides, and cytokines released from nerve endings play a central role in the skin's responses to stress. These molecules act on the corresponding receptors in an intra-, juxta-, para-, or autocrine fashion. The epidermis as the outer most component of skin forms a barrier directly protecting against environmental stressors. This protection is assured by an intrinsic keratinocyte differentiation program, pigmentary system, and local nervous, immune, endocrine, and microbiome elements. These constituents communicate cross-functionally among themselves and with corresponding systems in the dermis and hypodermis to secure the basic epidermal functions to maintain local (skin) and global (systemic) homeostasis. The neurohormonal mediators and cytokines used in these communications regulate physiological skin functions separately or in concert. Disturbances in the functions in these systems lead to cutaneous pathology that includes inflammatory (i.e., psoriasis, allergic, or atopic dermatitis, etc.) and keratinocytic hyperproliferative disorders (i.e., seborrheic and solar keratoses), dysfunction of adnexal structure (i.e., hair follicles, eccrine, and sebaceous glands), hypersensitivity reactions, pigmentary disorders (vitiligo, melasma, and hypo- or hyperpigmentary responses), premature aging, and malignancies (melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancers). These cellular, molecular, and neural components preserve skin integrity and protect against skin pathologies and can act as "messengers of the skin" to the central organs, all to preserve organismal survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Graduate Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jake Y Chen
- Informatics Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Craig Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
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Wala-Zielińska K, Świerczyńska-Mróz K, Krajewski PK, Nowicka-Suszko D, Krajewska M, Szepietowski JC. Elevated Level of Serum Neurotrophin-4, but Not of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus. J Clin Med 2022; 11:6292. [PMID: 36362520 PMCID: PMC9653946 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11216292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is a bothersome condition that occurs in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) and severely reduces their quality of life. Recently, much research has focused on the search for markers that are involved in the pathogenesis of CKD-aP and may become a therapeutic target. One of the suggested hypotheses is the increased activation of sensory neurons by molecules such as neurotrophins (NTs). An increased serum concentration of NTs has been demonstrated in pruritic patients, which may suggest their involvement in the pathogenesis of itch. The purpose of this study is to assess the serum concentration of neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in hemodialysis patients. The study enrolled 126 patients undergoing dialysis. Participants were divided into 2 groups: with and without CKD-aP. NRS scale was used to evaluate itch severity. Serum levels of NT-4 and BDNF have been assessed using ELISA. The results showed a significantly higher level of NT-4 in the group with pruritus. No significant difference was reported in the serum level of BDNF between the two groups of patients. There was also no correlation between serum NT-4 nor BDNF levels and the severity of pruritus. In summary, NT-4 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of pruritus in dialysis patients. More research is needed to understand the exact mechanism by which NTs influence the pathogenesis of CKD-aP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Wala-Zielińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Świerczyńska-Mróz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr K. Krajewski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Danuta Nowicka-Suszko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Krajewska
- Department of Nephrology and Transplantation Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jacek C. Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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11
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Ma W, Wei X, Gu H, Liu D, Luo W, Cao S, Jia S, He Y, Chen L, Bai Y, Yuan Z. Intra-amniotic transplantation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor-modified mesenchymal stem cells treatment for rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:413. [PMID: 35964077 PMCID: PMC9375302 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03105-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spina bifida aperta (SBA) is a relatively common clinical type of neural tube defect. Although prenatal fetal surgery has been proven to be an effective treatment for SBA, the recovery of neurological function remains unsatisfactory due to neuron deficiencies. Our previous results demonstrated that intra-amniotic transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could preserve neural function through lesion-specific engraftment and regeneration. To further optimize the role of BMSCs and improve the environment of defective spinal cords so as to make it more conducive to nerve repair, the intra-amniotic transplanted BMSCs were modified with brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF-BMSCs), and the therapeutic potential of BDNF-BMSCs was verified in this study. Methods BMSCs were modified by adenovirus encoding a green fluorescent protein and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Ad-GFP-BDNF) in vitro and then transplanted into the amniotic cavity of rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta which were induced by all-trans-retinoic acid on embryonic day 15. Immunofluorescence, western blot and real-time quantitative PCR were used to detect the expression of different neuron markers and apoptosis-related genes in the defective spinal cords. Lesion areas of the rat fetuses with spina bifida aperta were measured on embryonic day 20. The microenvironment changes after intra-amniotic BDNF-BMSCs transplantation were investigated by a protein array with 90 cytokines. Results We found that BDNF-BMSCs sustained the characteristic of directional migration, engrafted at the SBA lesion area, increased the expression of BDNF in the defective spinal cords, alleviated the apoptosis of spinal cord cells, differentiated into neurons and skin-like cells, reduced the area of skin lesions, and improved the amniotic fluid microenvironment. Moreover, the BDNF-modified BMSCs showed a better effect than pure BMSCs on the inhibition of apoptosis and promotion of neural differentiation. Conclusion These findings collectively indicate that intra-amniotic transplanted BDNF-BMSCs have an advantage of promoting the recovery of defective neural tissue of SBA fetuses. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-03105-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China
| | - Lizhu Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, No. 36, Sanhao Street, Heping District, Shenyang, 110004, China.
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12
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Daquinag AC, Gao Z, Yu Y, Kolonin MG. Endothelial TrkA coordinates vascularization and innervation in thermogenic adipose tissue and can be targeted to control metabolism. Mol Metab 2022; 63:101544. [PMID: 35835372 PMCID: PMC9310128 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2022.101544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Brown adipogenesis and thermogenesis in brown and beige adipose tissue (AT) involve vascular remodeling and sympathetic neuronal guidance. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanism coordinating these processes. METHODS We used mouse models to identify the molecular target of a peptide CPATAERPC homing to the endothelium of brown and beige AT. RESULTS We demonstrate that CPATAERPC mimics nerve growth factor (NGF) and identify a low molecular weight isoform of NGF receptor, TrkA, as the CPATAERPC cell surface target. We show that the expression of truncated endothelial TrkA is selective for brown and subcutaneous AT. Analysis of mice with endothelium-specific TrkA knockout revealed the role of TrkA in neuro-vascular coordination supporting the thermogenic function of brown adipocytes. A hunter-killer peptide D-BAT, composed of CPATAERPC and a pro-apoptotic domain, induced cell death in the endothelium and adipocytes. This resulted in thermogenesis impairment, and predisposed mice to obesity and glucose intolerance. We also tested if this treatment can inhibit the tumor recruitment of lipids mobilized from adipocytes from adjacent AT. Indeed, in a mouse model of breast cancer D-BAT suppressed tumor-associated AT lipolysis, which resulted in reduced fatty acid utilization by cancer cells. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that TrkA signaling in the endothelium supports neuro-vascular coordination enabling beige adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexes C Daquinag
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Zhanguo Gao
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yongmei Yu
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mikhail G Kolonin
- The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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13
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He J, Zhao B, Huang X, Fu X, Liu G, Tian Y, Wu C, Mao J, Liu J, Gun S, Tian K. Gene network analysis reveals candidate genes related with the hair follicle development in sheep. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:428. [PMID: 35672687 PMCID: PMC9175362 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Merino sheep are the most famous fine wool sheep in the world. They have high wool production and excellent wool quality and have attracted worldwide attention. The fleece of the Merino sheep is composed predominantly of wool fibers grown from secondary wool follicles. Therefore, it is necessary to study the development of hair follicles to understand the mechanism of wool production. The hair follicle is a complex biological system involved in a dynamic process governed by gene regulation. The hair follicle development process is very complex and poorly understood. The purpose of our research is to identify candidate genes related to hair follicle development, provide a theoretical molecular breeding basis for the cultivation of fine wool sheep, and provide a reference for the problems of hair loss and alopecia areata that affect human beings. Results We analyzed mRNAs data in skin tissues of 18 Merino sheep at four embryonic days (E65, E85, E105 and E135) and two postnatal days (P7 and P30). G1 to G6 represent hair follicles developmental at six stages (i.e. E65 to P30). We identified 7879 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 12623 novel DEGs, revealed different expression patterns of these DEGs at six stages of hair follicle development, and demonstrated their complex interactions. DEGs with stage-specific expression were significantly enriched in epidermal differentiation and development, hair follicle development and hair follicle morphogenesis and were enriched in many pathways related to hair follicle development. The key genes (LAMA5, WNT10A, KRT25, SOSTDC1, ZDHHC21, FZD1, BMP7, LRP4, TGFβ2, TMEM79, SOX10, ITGB4, KRT14, ITGA6, and GLI2) affecting hair follicle morphogenesis were identified by network analysis. Conclusion This study provides a new reference for the molecular basis of hair follicle development and lays a foundation for further improving sheep hair follicle breeding. Candidate genes related to hair follicular development were found, which provided a theoretical basis for molecular breeding for the culture of fine wool sheep. These results are a valuable resource for biological investigations of fleece evolution in animals. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08552-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junmin He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bingru Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xixia Huang
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xuefeng Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Guifen Liu
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Yuezhen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Genetics Breeding and Reproduction of the Fine Wool Sheep & Cashmere Goat in Xinjiang, Institute of Animal Science, Xinjiang Academy of Animal Sciences, Urumqi, China
| | - Cuiling Wu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jingyi Mao
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- College of Animal Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Shuangbao Gun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
| | - Kechuan Tian
- Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China.
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Reawakening GDNF's regenerative past in mice and humans. Regen Ther 2022; 20:78-85. [PMID: 35509264 PMCID: PMC9043678 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of an animal to regenerate lost tissue and body parts has obviously life-saving implications. Understanding how this ability became restricted or active in specific animal lineages will help us understand our own regeneration. According to phylogenic analysis, the glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) signaling pathway, but not other family members, is conserved in axolotls, a salamander with remarkable regenerative capacity. Furthermore, comparing the pro-regenerative Spiny mouse to its less regenerative descendant, the House mouse, revealed that the GDNF signaling pathway, but not other family members, was induced in regenerating Spiny mice. According to GDNF receptor expression analysis, GDNF may promote hair follicle neogenesis – an important feature of skin regeneration – by determining the fate of dermal fibroblasts as part of new hair follicles. These findings support the idea that GDNF treatment will promote skin regeneration in humans by demonstrating the GDNF signaling pathway's ancestral and cellular nature. In pro-regenerative axolotls, the GDNF-GFR□1 signaling system is conserved. In pro-regenerative Spiny mice, the GDNF-GFR□1 signaling system is activated. In mice, GDNF targets upper-regeneration-competent dermal fibroblasts. GDNF-GFR□1 activation may promote skin regeneration in mice and humans.
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15
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The Trinity of Skin: Skin Homeostasis as a Neuro–Endocrine–Immune Organ. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12050725. [PMID: 35629392 PMCID: PMC9144330 DOI: 10.3390/life12050725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For a long time, skin was thought to be no more than the barrier of our body. However, in the last few decades, studies into the idea of skin as an independent functional organ have gradually deepened our understanding of skin and its functions. In this review, we gathered evidence that presented skin as a “trinity” of neuro–endocrine–immune function. From a neuro perspective, skin communicates through nerves and receptors, releasing neurotrophins and neuropeptides; from an endocrine perspective, skin is able to receive and secrete most hormones and has the cutaneous equivalent of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis; from an immune perspective, skin is protected not only by its physical barrier, but also immune cells and molecules, which can also cause inflammation. Together as an organ, skin works bidirectionally by operating peripheral neuro–endocrine–immune function and being regulated by the central nervous system, endocrine system and immune system at the same time, maintaining homeostasis. Additionally, to further explain the “trinity” of cutaneous neuro–endocrine–immune function and how it works in disease pathophysiology, a disease model of rosacea is presented.
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Vishlaghi N, Rieger S, McGaughey V, Lisse TS. GDNF neurotrophic factor signaling determines the fate of dermal fibroblasts in wound-induced hair neogenesis and skin regeneration. Exp Dermatol 2022; 31:577-581. [PMID: 35020233 PMCID: PMC9306530 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We propose that GDNF, a glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor, can promote hair follicle neogenesis and skin regeneration after wounding by directing the fate of dermal fibroblasts. Our hypothesis is largely based on detailed GDNF and receptor analysis during skin regenerative stages, as well as the induction of GDNF receptors after wounding between the pro‐regenerative spiny mouse (genus Acomys) and its less‐regenerative descendant, the house mouse (Mus musculus). To characterize the GDNF‐target cells, we will conduct a series of lineage‐tracing experiments in conjunction with single‐cell RNA and assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing experiments. The heterogenetic dynamics of skin regeneration have yet to be fully defined, and this research will help to advance the fields of regenerative medicine and biology. Finally, we believe that stimulating the GDNF signalling pathway in fibroblasts from less‐regenerative animals, such as humans, will promote skin regeneration, morphogenesis and scarless wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Vishlaghi
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Rieger
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Vanessa McGaughey
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Thomas S Lisse
- University of Miami, Biology Department, 1301 Memorial Drive, Cox Science Center, Coral Gables, FL, USA.,Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
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17
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Cutaneous innervation in impaired diabetic wound healing. Transl Res 2021; 236:87-108. [PMID: 34029747 PMCID: PMC8380642 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2021.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is associated with several potential comorbidities, among them impaired wound healing, chronic ulcerations, and the requirement for lower extremity amputation. Disease-associated abnormal cellular responses, infection, immunological and microvascular dysfunction, and peripheral neuropathy are implicated in the pathogenesis of the wound healing impairment and the diabetic foot ulcer. The skin houses a dense network of sensory nerve afferents and nerve-derived modulators, which communicate with epidermal keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts bidirectionally to effect normal wound healing after trauma. However, the mechanisms through which cutaneous innervation modulates wound healing are poorly understood, especially in humans. Better understanding of these mechanisms may provide the basis for targeted treatments for chronic diabetic wounds. This review provides an overview of wound healing pathophysiology with a focus on neural involvement in normal and diabetic wound healing, as well as future therapeutic perspectives to address the unmet needs of diabetic patients with chronic wounds.
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18
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Fischer TW, Bergmann A, Kruse N, Kleszczynski K, Skobowiat C, Slominski AT, Paus R. New effects of caffeine on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)-induced stress along the intrafollicular classical hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (CRH-R1/2, IP 3 -R, ACTH, MC-R2) and the neurogenic non-HPA axis (substance P, p75 NTR and TrkA) in ex vivo human male androgenetic scalp hair follicles. Br J Dermatol 2021; 184:96-110. [PMID: 32271938 PMCID: PMC7962141 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human hair is highly responsive to stress, and human scalp hair follicles (HFs) contain a peripheral neuroendocrine equivalent of the systemic hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) stress axis. Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is supposed to be aggravated by stress. We used corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), which triggers the HPA axis, to induce a stress response in human ex vivo male AGA HFs. Caffeine is known to reverse testosterone-mediated hair growth inhibition in the same hair organ culture model. OBJECTIVES To investigate whether caffeine would antagonize CRH-mediated stress in these HFs. METHODS HFs from balding vertex area scalp biopsies of men affected by AGA were incubated with CRH (10-7 mol L-1 ) with or without caffeine (0·001% or 0·005%). RESULTS Compared to controls, CRH significantly enhanced the expression of catagen-inducing transforming growth factor-β2 (TGF-β2) (P < 0·001), CRH receptors 1 and 2 (CRH-R1/2) (P < 0·01), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (P < 0·001) and melanocortin receptor 2 (MC-R2) (P < 0·001), and additional stress-associated parameters, substance P and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR ). CRH inhibited matrix keratinocyte proliferation and expression of anagen-promoting insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and the pro-proliferative nerve growth factor receptor NGF-tyrosine kinase receptor A (TrkA). Caffeine significantly counteracted all described stress effects and additionally enhanced inositol trisphosphate receptor (IP3 -R), for the first time detected in human HFs. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide the first evidence in ex vivo human AGA HFs that the stress mediator CRH induces not only a complex intrafollicular HPA response, but also a non-HPA-related stress response. Moreover, we show that these effects can be effectively antagonized by caffeine. Thus, these data strongly support the hypothesis that stress can impair human hair physiology and induce hair loss, and that caffeine may effectively counteract stress-induced hair damage and possibly prevent stress-induced hair loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Fischer
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Department of Dermatology, Kepler University Hospital, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
| | - A Bergmann
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - N Kruse
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - K Kleszczynski
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - C Skobowiat
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - A T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - R Paus
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venerology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Choi DI, Park JH, Choi JY, Piao M, Suh MS, Lee JB, Yun SJ, Lee SC. Keratinocytes-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Play an Active Role to Induce Type 2 Inflammation of the Skin: A Pathogenic Role of Reactive Oxygen Species at the Early Phase of Atopic Dermatitis. Ann Dermatol 2020; 33:26-36. [PMID: 33911809 PMCID: PMC7875219 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.1.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is characterized by chronic, relapsing skin inflammation (eczema) with itchy sensation. Keratinocytes, which are located at the outermost part of our body, are supposed to play important roles at the early phase of type 2 inflammation including AD pathogenesis. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether keratinocytes-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) could be produced by the allergens or non-allergens, and the keratinocytes-derived ROS could modulate a set of biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin. Methods Normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs) were treated with an allergen of house dust mites (HDM) or a non-allergen of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Then, biomarkers for type 2 inflammation of the skin including those for neurogenic inflammation were checked by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and western immunoblot experiments. Results HDM or C48/80 was found to upregulate expression levels of our tested biomarkers, including type 2 T helper-driving pathway (KLK5, PAR2, and NFκB), epithelial-cell-derived cytokines (thymic stromal lymphopoietin, interleukin [IL]-25, IL-33), and neurogenic inflammation (NGF, CGRP). The HDM- or C-48/80-induced expression levels of the biomarkers could be blocked by an antioxidant treatment with 5 mM N-acetyl-cysteine. In contrast, pro-oxidant treatment with 1 mM H2O2 could upregulate expression levels of the tested biomarkers in NHEKs. Conclusion Our results reveal that keratinocytes-derived ROS, irrespective to their origins from allergens or non-allergens, have a potential to induce type 2 inflammation of AD skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-In Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jun-Hyeong Park
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Young Choi
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - MeiShan Piao
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Min-Song Suh
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jee-Bum Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sook-Jung Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seung-Chul Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Emili M, Guidi S, Uguagliati B, Giacomini A, Bartesaghi R, Stagni F. Treatment with the flavonoid 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone: a promising strategy for a constellation of body and brain disorders. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:13-50. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1810625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Emili
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sandra Guidi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Beatrice Uguagliati
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Giacomini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Renata Bartesaghi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Fiorenza Stagni
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is Available in the Text. A ligand-guided, light-activated photosensitizer tool targets TrkA-expressing nociceptors, reversing acute and chronic pain in mice. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and its receptors TrkA and p75 play a key role in the development and function of peripheral nociceptive neurons. Here, we describe novel technology to selectively photoablate TrkA-positive nociceptors through delivery of a phototoxic agent coupled to an engineered NGF ligand and subsequent near-infrared illumination. We demonstrate that this approach allows for on demand and localized reversal of pain behaviors in mouse models of acute, inflammatory, neuropathic, and joint pain. To target peripheral nociceptors, we generated a SNAP-tagged NGF derivative NGFR121W that binds to TrkA/p75 receptors but does not provoke signaling in TrkA-positive cells or elicit pain behaviors in mice. NGFR121W-SNAP was coupled to the photosensitizer IRDye700DX phthalocyanine (IR700) and injected subcutaneously. After near-infrared illumination of the injected area, behavioral responses to nociceptive mechanical and sustained thermal stimuli, but not innocuous stimuli, were substantially reduced. Similarly, in models of inflammatory, osteoarthritic, and neuropathic pain, mechanical hypersensitivity was abolished for 3 weeks after a single treatment regime. We demonstrate that this loss of pain behavior coincides with the retraction of neurons from the skin which then reinnervate the epidermis after 3 weeks corresponding with the return of mechanical hypersensitivity. Thus NGFR121W-SNAP-mediated photoablation is a minimally invasive approach to reversibly silence nociceptor input from the periphery, and control pain and hypersensitivity to mechanical stimuli.
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Samotij D, Nedoszytko B, Bartosińska J, Batycka-Baran A, Czajkowski R, Dobrucki IT, Dobrucki LW, Górecka-Sokołowska M, Janaszak-Jasienicka A, Krasowska D, Kalinowski L, Macieja-Stawczyk M, Nowicki RJ, Owczarczyk-Saczonek A, Płoska A, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Radulska A, Reszka E, Siekierzycka A, Słomiński A, Słomiński R, Sobalska-Kwapis M, Strapagiel D, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Szczęch J, Żmijewski M, Reich A. Pathogenesis of psoriasis in the "omic" era. Part I. Epidemiology, clinical manifestation, immunological and neuroendocrine disturbances. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2020; 37:135-153. [PMID: 32489346 PMCID: PMC7262814 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2020.94832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common, chronic, inflammatory, immune-mediated skin disease affecting about 2% of the world's population. According to current knowledge, psoriasis is a complex disease that involves various genes and environmental factors, such as stress, injuries, infections and certain medications. The chronic inflammation of psoriasis lesions develops upon epidermal infiltration, activation, and expansion of type 1 and type 17 Th cells. Despite the enormous progress in understanding the mechanisms that cause psoriasis, the target cells and antigens that drive pathogenic T cell responses in psoriatic lesions are still unproven and the autoimmune basis of psoriasis still remains hypothetical. However, since the identification of the Th17 cell subset, the IL-23/Th17 immune axis has been considered a key driver of psoriatic inflammation, which has led to the development of biologic agents that target crucial elements of this pathway. Here we present the current understanding of various aspects in psoriasis pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Samotij
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Bogusław Nedoszytko
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Joanna Bartosińska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Batycka-Baran
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Czajkowski
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwik Rydygier Medical College in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Poland
| | - Iwona T. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Lawrence W. Dobrucki
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Magdalena Górecka-Sokołowska
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Disorders and Immunodermatology, Jurasz University Hospital No. 1, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Janaszak-Jasienicka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Krasowska
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Pediatric Dermatology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Leszek Kalinowski
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Marta Macieja-Stawczyk
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Roman J. Nowicki
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Owczarczyk-Saczonek
- Department of Dermatology, Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Clinical Immunology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Agata Płoska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adrianna Radulska
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Edyta Reszka
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Epigenetics, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Siekierzycka
- Department of Medical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure, (BBMRI.PL), Gdansk, Poland
| | - Andrzej Słomiński
- Department of Dermatology, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cancer Chemoprevention Program, Birmingham, AL, USA
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Radomir Słomiński
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Marta Sobalska-Kwapis
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Dominik Strapagiel
- Biobank Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Justyna Szczęch
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Michał Żmijewski
- Department of Histology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Reich
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rzeszow, Rzeszow, Poland
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Active targeted ligand-aza-BODIPY conjugate for near-infrared photodynamic therapy in melanoma. Int J Pharm 2020; 579:119189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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24
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Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor Type 3 Regulates Neuronal Growth Cone Sensitivity to Guidance Signals. iScience 2020; 23:100963. [PMID: 32199289 PMCID: PMC7082556 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2020.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
During neurodevelopment, the growth cone deciphers directional information from extracellular guidance cues presented as shallow concentration gradients via signal amplification. However, it remains unclear how the growth cone controls this amplification process during its navigation through an environment in which basal cue concentrations vary widely. Here, we identified inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptor type 3 as a regulator of axonal sensitivity to guidance cues in vitro and in vivo. Growth cones lacking the type 3 subunit are hypersensitive to nerve growth factor (NGF), an IP3-dependent attractive cue, and incapable of turning toward normal concentration ranges of NGF to which wild-type growth cones respond. This is due to globally, but not asymmetrically, activated Ca2+ signaling in the hypersensitive growth cones. Remarkably, lower NGF concentrations can polarize growth cones for turning if IP3 receptor type 3 is deficient. These data suggest a subtype-specific IP3 receptor function in sensitivity adjustment during axon navigation. IP3 receptor type 3 (IP3R3) controls axonal sensitivity to IP3-based guidance cues IP3R3−/− growth cones are not attracted to NGF due to global Ca2+ responses Lower NGF concentrations can polarize IP3R3−/− growth cones for attractive turning NGF knockdown in vivo can revert abnormal trajectory of IP3R3−/− axons
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25
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Alcohol extract from Vernonia anthelmintica willd (L.) seed counteracts stress-induced murine hair follicle growth inhibition. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:372. [PMID: 31847849 PMCID: PMC6918677 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2744-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) willd is a traditional urgur herb in China for a long history. Its alcohol extract (AVE) has been proved to promote hair follicle growth in C57BL/6 mice. We conducted this study to investigate the hair-growth effects of AVE in stressed mice and its possible mechanism of action. METHODS The hair-follicle growth effects of AVE were examined by in vivo and in vitro study. We exposed C57BL/6 male mice to chronic restraint stress to induce murine hair follicle growth inhibition. The effects of AVE were examined by histological analysis, immunofluorescence for Ki67 and cytokeratin 19 immunoreactivity, western blot assay in tyrosinase and related proteins expressions and immunofluorescence for nerve fibers. In organ culture of mouse vibrissae follicles, we used substance P as a catagen-inducing factor of hair follicle growth, and measured the elongation of hair shafts and expression of neurokinin-1 receptor protein by application of AVE. RESULTS Our results showed that AVE counteract murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by chronic restraint stress via inducing the conversion of telogen to anagen and inhibiting catagen premature, increasing bulb keratinocytes and bulge stem cells proliferation, promoting melanogenesis, and reducing the numbers of substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide nerve fibers. Furthermore, AVE also counteracted murine hair follicle growth inhibition caused by substance P in organ culture. CONCLUSION These results suggest that AVE counteract stress-induced hair follicle growth inhibition in C57BL/6 mice in vivo and in vitro, and may be an effective new candidate for treatment of stress-induced hair loss.
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Maffei M, Morelli C, Graham E, Patriarca S, Donzelli L, Doleschall B, de Castro Reis F, Nocchi L, Chadick CH, Reymond L, Corrêa IR, Johnsson K, Hackett JA, Heppenstall PA. A ligand-based system for receptor-specific delivery of proteins. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19214. [PMID: 31844114 PMCID: PMC6915567 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene delivery using vector or viral-based methods is often limited by technical and safety barriers. A promising alternative that circumvents these shortcomings is the direct delivery of proteins into cells. Here we introduce a non-viral, ligand-mediated protein delivery system capable of selectively targeting primary skin cells in-vivo. Using orthologous self-labelling tags and chemical cross-linkers, we conjugate large proteins to ligands that bind their natural receptors on the surface of keratinocytes. Targeted CRE-mediated recombination was achieved by delivery of ligand cross-linked CRE protein to the skin of transgenic reporter mice, but was absent in mice lacking the ligand's cell surface receptor. We further show that ligands mediate the intracellular delivery of Cas9 allowing for CRISPR-mediated gene editing in the skin more efficiently than adeno-associated viral gene delivery. Thus, a ligand-based system enables the effective and receptor-specific delivery of large proteins and may be applied to the treatment of skin-related genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Maffei
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
| | - Chiara Morelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.,Collaboration for joint PhD degree between EMBL and Heidelberg University, Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ellie Graham
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Stefano Patriarca
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Laura Donzelli
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Balint Doleschall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Fernanda de Castro Reis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Linda Nocchi
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Cora H Chadick
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Luc Reymond
- Biomolecular Screening Facility, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.,National Center of Competence in Research (NCCR) in Chemical Biology, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Kai Johnsson
- Department of Chemical Biology, Max Plank Institute for Medical Research, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jamie A Hackett
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Paul A Heppenstall
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL) Rome, Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Campus, 00015, Monterotondo, Italy.
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Cappabianca L, Guadagni S, Maccarone R, Sebastiano M, Chiominto A, Farina AR, Mackay AR. A pilot study of alternative TrkAIII splicing in Merkel cell carcinoma: a potential oncogenic mechanism and novel therapeutic target. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2019; 38:424. [PMID: 31640749 PMCID: PMC6805356 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-019-1425-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Merkel cell carcinomas (MCCs) are rare, aggressive, therapeutically-challenging skin tumours that are increasing in incidence and have poor survival rates. The majority are caused by genomic Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) integration and MCPyV T-antigen expression. Recently, a potential oncogenic role for the tropomyosin-related tyrosine kinase A receptor (TrkA) has been proposed in MCC. Alternative TrkAIII splicing is a TrkA oncogenic activation mechanism that can be promoted by SV40 large T-antigen, an analogue of MCPyV large T-antigen. In this pilot study, therefore, we have evaluated TrkAIII splicing as a novel potential oncogenic mechanism and therapeutic target in MCPyV positive MCC. METHODS Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded MCC tissues, consisting of 10 stage IV, 1 stage IIIB, 1 stage IIB, 4 stage IIA and 2 stage I tumours, from patients diagnosed and treated from September 2006 to March, 2019, at the University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy, were compared to 3 primary basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), 3 primary squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and 2 normal skin samples by RT-PCR for MCPyV large T-antigen, small T-antigen, VP-1 expression and alternative TrkAIII splicing and by indirect IF for evidence of intracellular TrkA isoform expression and activation. RESULTS 9 of 10 Recurrent stage IV MCCs were from patients (P.1-3) treated with surgery plus loco-regional Melphalan chemotherapy and remaining MMCs, including 1 stage IV tumour, were from patients treated with surgery alone (P. 4-11). All MCPyV positive MCCs exhibiting MCPyV large T-antigen expression (17 of 18MCCs, 90%) exhibited alternative TrkAIII mRNA splicing (100%), which was exclusive in a significant number and predominant (> 50%) in all stage IV MCCs and the majority of stage 1-III MCCs. MCCs with higher TrkAIII to 18S rRNA expression ratios also exhibited strong or intermediate immunoreactivity to anti-TrkA antibodies, consistent with cytoplasmic TrkAIII expression and activation. In contrast, the MCPyV negative MCC, BCCs, SCCs and normal skin tissues all exhibited exclusive fully-spliced TrkA mRNA expression, associated with variable immunoreactivity for non-phosphorylated but not phosphorylated TrkA. CONCLUSIONS MCPyV positive MCCs but not MCPyV negative MCC, BCCs and SCCs exhibit predominant alternative TrkAIII splicing, with evidence of intracellular TrkAIII activation. This establishes a new potential MCC subset, unveils a novel potential MCPyV oncogenic mechanism and identifies TrkAIII as a novel potential therapeutic target in MCPyV positive MCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Cappabianca
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Guadagni
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Maccarone
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Michela Sebastiano
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Antonietta Rosella Farina
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | - Andrew Reay Mackay
- Department of Applied Clinical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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Effects of the selective TrkA agonist gambogic amide on pigmentation and growth of human hair follicles in vitro. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221757. [PMID: 31465471 PMCID: PMC6715186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human hair follicle is a neuroendocrine mini-organ that can be used to study aging processes in vitro. Neurotrophins maintain homeostasis in hair biology via the Trk-family of receptors. TrkA, the high affinity receptor for nerve growth factor (NGF), is expressed in hair follicle melanocytes and keratinocytes, where it regulates proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis and may thereby play a role in hair pigmentation and growth. We investigated TrkA expression during the human hair cycle and the effects of a selective high affinity TrkA agonist, Gambogic Amide, on hair pigmentation and hair growth in human hair follicles in vitro. In human scalp skin, TrkA expression was strongest in proliferating melanocytes re-establishing the pigmentary unit in the hair bulb during the early hair growth phase, anagen. During high anagen and in the de-composing pigmentary-unit of the regression phase, catagen, bulb-melanocytes lost TrkA expression and only undifferentiated outer root sheath melanocytes maintained it. In cultured human anagen hair follicles, Gambogic Amide was able to prevent gradual pigment loss, while it stimulated hair shaft elongation. This was achieved by increased melanocyte activation, migration and dendricity, highlighted by distinct c-KIT-expression in melanocyte sub-populations. Our results suggest that Gambogic Amide can maintain hair follicle pigmentation by acting on undifferentiated melanocytes residing in the outer root sheath and making them migrate to establish the pigmentary-unit. This suggests that the selective TrkA agonist Gambogic Amide acts as an anti-hair greying and hair growth promoting molecule in vitro.
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29
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Karl F, Wußmann M, Kreß L, Malzacher T, Fey P, Groeber-Becker F, Üçeyler N. Patient-derived in vitro skin models for investigation of small fiber pathology. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:1797-1806. [PMID: 31464071 PMCID: PMC6764636 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To establish individually expandable primary fibroblast and keratinocyte cultures from 3‐mm skin punch biopsies for patient‐derived in vitro skin models to investigate of small fiber pathology. Methods We obtained 6‐mm skin punch biopsies from the calf of two patients with small fiber neuropathy (SFN) and two healthy controls. One half (3 mm) was used for diagnostic intraepidermal nerve fiber density (IENFD). From the second half, we isolated and cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes. Cells were used to generate patient‐derived full‐thickness three‐dimensional (3D) skin models containing a dermal and epidermal component. Cells and skin models were characterized morphologically, immunocyto‐ and ‐histochemically (vimentin, cytokeratin (CK)‐10, CK 14, ki67, collagen1, and procollagen), and by electrical impedance. Results Distal IENFD was reduced in the SFN patients (2 fibers/mm each), while IENFD was normal in the controls (8 fibers/mm, 7 fibers/mm). Two‐dimensional (2D) cultured skin cells showed normal morphology, adequate viability, and proliferation, and expressed cell‐specific markers without relevant difference between SFN patient and healthy control. Using 2D cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes, we obtained subject‐derived 3D skin models. Morphology of the 3D model was analogous to the respective skin biopsy specimens. Both, the dermal and the epidermal layer carried cell‐specific markers and showed a homogenous expression of extracellular matrix proteins. Interpretation Our protocol allows the generation of disease‐specific 2D and 3D skin models, which can be used to investigate the cross‐talk between skin cells and sensory neurons in small fiber pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Karl
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Maximiliane Wußmann
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Luisa Kreß
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Malzacher
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Phillip Fey
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research, Neunerplatz 2, 97082, Würzburg, Germany.,Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Röntgenring 11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nurcan Üçeyler
- Department of Neurology, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneider-Str. 11, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
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30
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Chan C, Kamiguchi H, Shimogori T. Spatially restricted long-term transgene expression in the developing skin used for studying the interaction of epidermal development and sensory innervation. Dev Growth Differ 2019; 61:276-282. [PMID: 30968390 DOI: 10.1111/dgd.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Skin development is tightly temporally coordinated with its sensory innervation, which consists of the peripheral branches of the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) axons. Various studies suggest that the skin produces a long-range attractant for the sensory axons. However, the exact identity of the guidance cue(s) remains unclear. To reveal the detailed molecular mechanism that controls DRG axon guidance and targeting, manipulation of specific skin layers at specific time points are required. To test a variety of attractants that can be expressed in specific skin layers at specific timepoints, we combined in utero electroporation with the Tol2 transposon system to induce long-term transgene expression in the developing mouse skin, including in the highly proliferative epidermal stem cells (basal layer) and their descendants (spinous and granular layer cells). The plasmid solution was injected as close to the hindpaw plantar surface as possible. Immediately, electric pulses were passed through the embryo to transduce the plasmid DNA into hindpaw skin cells. Balancing outcome measurements including: embryo survival, transfection efficiency, and the efficiency of transgene integration into host cells, we found that IUE was best performed on E13.5, and using an electroporation voltage of 34V. After immunostaining embryonic and early postnatal skin tissue sections for keratinocyte and sensory axon markers, we observe the growth of axons into skin epidermal layers including areas expressing EGFP. Therefore, this method is useful for studying the interaction between axon growth and epidermal cell division/differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Chan
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Neural Cell Dynamics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kamiguchi
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Neural Cell Dynamics, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomomi Shimogori
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Lab for Molecular Mechanisms of Brain Development, Wako, Saitama, Japan
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31
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Sjahrir M, Roesyanto-Mahadi ID, Effendy E. Correlation between Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Level and Depression Severity in Psoriasis Vulgaris Patients. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:583-586. [PMID: 30894916 PMCID: PMC6420937 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder that can lead to depression. There is a similarity in neurotrophic substance in the pathogenesis of psoriasis and depression; it's called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF level imbalance potentially affects the severity of psoriasis and depression. AIM This study aims to know the correlation between serum BDNF level and depression severity in psoriasis vulgaris patient and also the correlation between serum BDNF level and psoriasis vulgaris severity. METHODS This is an analytical cross-sectional study that 23 psoriasis vulgaris patients participated. All participants have performed serum BDNF level examination with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Depression severity assessed with Beck depression inventory-II (BDI-II) and psoriasis severity assessed with psoriasis area and severity index. Correlation between all variables was analysed with Spearman's correlation test. RESULTS Serum BDNF level and depression severity are a strongly negative correlation in psoriasis vulgaris patients (r = -0.667 with significant value p = 0.001). There is a moderate negative correlation between serum BDNF level with psoriasis vulgaris severity (r = -0.595 with significant value p = 0.003). CONCLUSION In psoriasis vulgaris patients, a low level of serum BDNF may increase depression severity and psoriasis vulgaris severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sjahrir
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur Kampus USU Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Irma Damayanti Roesyanto-Mahadi
- Dermatology and Venereology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur Kampus USU Medan 20155, Indonesia
| | - Elmeida Effendy
- Psychiatry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Dr Mansur Kampus USU Medan 20155, Indonesia
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32
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Slominski AT, Zmijewski MA, Plonka PM, Szaflarski JP, Paus R. How UV Light Touches the Brain and Endocrine System Through Skin, and Why. Endocrinology 2018; 159:1992-2007. [PMID: 29546369 PMCID: PMC5905393 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 282] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The skin, a self-regulating protective barrier organ, is empowered with sensory and computing capabilities to counteract the environmental stressors to maintain and restore disrupted cutaneous homeostasis. These complex functions are coordinated by a cutaneous neuro-endocrine system that also communicates in a bidirectional fashion with the central nervous, endocrine, and immune systems, all acting in concert to control body homeostasis. Although UV energy has played an important role in the origin and evolution of life, UV absorption by the skin not only triggers mechanisms that defend skin integrity and regulate global homeostasis but also induces skin pathology (e.g., cancer, aging, autoimmune responses). These effects are secondary to the transduction of UV electromagnetic energy into chemical, hormonal, and neural signals, defined by the nature of the chromophores and tissue compartments receiving specific UV wavelength. UV radiation can upregulate local neuroendocrine axes, with UVB being markedly more efficient than UVA. The locally induced cytokines, corticotropin-releasing hormone, urocortins, proopiomelanocortin-peptides, enkephalins, or others can be released into circulation to exert systemic effects, including activation of the central hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, opioidogenic effects, and immunosuppression, independent of vitamin D synthesis. Similar effects are seen after exposure of the eyes and skin to UV, through which UVB activates hypothalamic paraventricular and arcuate nuclei and exerts very rapid stimulatory effects on the brain. Thus, UV touches the brain and central neuroendocrine system to reset body homeostasis. This invites multiple therapeutic applications of UV radiation, for example, in the management of autoimmune and mood disorders, addiction, and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Cancer Chemoprevention Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
- Correspondence: Andrzej T. Slominski, MD, PhD, Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. E-mail:
| | | | - Przemyslaw M Plonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Jerzy P Szaflarski
- Departments of Neurology and Neurobiology and the UAB Epilepsy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ralf Paus
- Centre for Dermatology Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Department of Dermatology & Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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Choi JE, Di Nardo A. Skin neurogenic inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2018; 40:249-259. [PMID: 29713744 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-018-0675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis closely interacts with nerve endings, and both epidermis and nerves produce substances for mutual sustenance. Neuropeptides, like substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related protein (CGRP), are produced by sensory nerves in the dermis; they induce mast cells to release vasoactive amines that facilitate infiltration of neutrophils and T cells. Some receptors are more important than others in the generation of itch. The Mas-related G protein-coupled receptors (Mrgpr) family as well as transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) and protease activated receptor 2(Par2) have important roles in itch and inflammation. The activation of MrgprX1 degranulates mast cells to communicate with sensory nerve and cutaneous cells for developing neurogenic inflammation. Mrgprs and transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4) are crucial for the generation of skin diseases like rosacea, while SP, CGRP, somatostatin, β-endorphin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) can modulate the immune system during psoriasis development. The increased level of SP, in atopic dermatitis, induces the release of interferon (IFN)-γ, interleukin (IL)-4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-10 from the peripheral blood mononuclear leukocytes. We are finally starting to understand the intricate connections between the skin neurons and resident skin cells and how their interaction can be key to controlling inflammation and from there the pathogenesis of diseases like atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and rosacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Eun Choi
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Anna Di Nardo
- Department of Dermatology, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive #0869, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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Control of mechanical pain hypersensitivity in mice through ligand-targeted photoablation of TrkB-positive sensory neurons. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1640. [PMID: 29691410 PMCID: PMC5915601 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical allodynia is a major symptom of neuropathic pain whereby innocuous touch evokes severe pain. Here we identify a population of peripheral sensory neurons expressing TrkB that are both necessary and sufficient for producing pain from light touch after nerve injury in mice. Mice in which TrkB-Cre-expressing neurons are ablated are less sensitive to the lightest touch under basal conditions, and fail to develop mechanical allodynia in a model of neuropathic pain. Moreover, selective optogenetic activation of these neurons after nerve injury evokes marked nociceptive behavior. Using a phototherapeutic approach based upon BDNF, the ligand for TrkB, we perform molecule-guided laser ablation of these neurons and achieve long-term retraction of TrkB-positive neurons from the skin and pronounced reversal of mechanical allodynia across multiple types of neuropathic pain. Thus we identify the peripheral neurons which transmit pain from light touch and uncover a novel pharmacological strategy for its treatment. There are several classes of sensory neuron that contribute to pain states. Here, the authors demonstrate that TrkB+ sensory neurons detect light touch under normal conditions in mice but contribute to hypersensitivity in models of chronic pain, and that ligand-guided laser ablation of TrkB+ sensory neurons in the mouse skin attenuates this hypersensitivity.
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Bosserhoff AK, Schneider N, Ellmann L, Heinzerling L, Kuphal S. The neurotrophin Neuritin1 (cpg15) is involved in melanoma migration, attachment independent growth, and vascular mimicry. Oncotarget 2018; 8:1117-1131. [PMID: 27901477 PMCID: PMC5352040 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurotrophin Neuritin1 (NRN1; cpg15) belongs to the candidate plasticity gene (CPG) family and is expressed in postmitotic-differentiating neurons of the developmental nervous system and neuronal structures associated with plasticity in the brain of human adult.Our newest findings document that NRN1 deregulation could contribute also to disease development and have impact on malignant melanoma. Our analyses displayed the over-expression of NRN1 in melanoma in vitro and in vivo, shown by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR on microdissected melanoma tissue; furthermore, soluble NRN1 was detectable in tissue culture supernatant and serum of melanoma patients.To investigate the role of NRN1 in melanoma we performed knockdown, over-expression and recombinant-NRN1-treatment experiments affiliated by functional assays. Our results show that migration, attachment independent growth and vasculogenesis were affected after manipulation of NRN1 on endogenous and extrinsic level. Interestingly, high NRN1 serum levels correlate with low MIA serum levels (< 10ng/ml). Therefore, we speculate that NRN1 could be a marker for early melanoma stages, in particular.In summary, we detected an overexpression of NRN1 in melanoma patient. In functional cell culture experiments we found a correlation between NRN1 expression and the cancerous behavior of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Nadja Schneider
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Lisa Ellmann
- Institute for Functional Genomics, University Regensburg, Regensburg, 93053, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzerling
- Institute of Dermatology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
| | - Silke Kuphal
- Institute of Biochemistry (Emil-Fischer-Center), Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, 91054, Germany
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Reichert O, Fleming T, Neufang G, Schmelz M, Genth H, Kaever V, Wenck H, Stäb F, Terstegen L, Kolbe L, Roggenkamp D. Impaired glyoxalase activity is associated with reduced expression of neurotrophic factors and pro-inflammatory processes in diabetic skin cells. Exp Dermatol 2018; 26:44-50. [PMID: 27306297 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients suffering from type II diabetes develop several skin manifestations including cutaneous infections, diabetic dermopathy, diabetic bullae and acanthosis nigricans. Diabetic micro- and macroangiopathy as well as diabetic neuropathy are believed to play a crucial role in the development of diabetic skin disorders. A reduced cutaneous nerve fibre density was reported in diabetic subjects, which subsequently leads to impaired sensory nerve functions. Using an innervated skin model, we investigated the impact of human diabetic dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes on porcine sensory neurons. Diabetic skin cells showed a reduced capacity to induce neurite outgrowth due to a decreased support with neurotrophic factors, such as NGF. Furthermore, diabetic keratinocytes displayed insulin resistance and increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines demonstrating the persistent effect of diabetes mellitus on human skin cells. Dysregulations were related to a significantly reduced glyoxalase enzyme activity in diabetic keratinocytes as experimentally reduced glyoxalase activity mimicked the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression and reduction in NGF. Our results demonstrate an impaired crosstalk of diabetic skin cells and sensory neurons favouring hypo-innervation. We suggest that reduced methylglyoxal detoxification contributes to an impaired neurocutaneous interaction in diabetic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Reichert
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gitta Neufang
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Schmelz
- Department of Anesthesiology Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Harald Genth
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volkhard Kaever
- Institute of Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Horst Wenck
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz Stäb
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lara Terstegen
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ludger Kolbe
- Research and Development, Beiersdorf AG, Hamburg, Germany
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Kamkaew A, Li F, Li Z, Burgess K. An agent for optical imaging of TrkC-expressing, breast cancer. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:1946-1952. [PMID: 30108715 DOI: 10.1039/c7md00328e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinases receptor C is expressed at high levels on the surface of tumors from metastatic breast cancer, metastatic melanoma, glioblastoma, and neuroblastoma. Previous studies have shown synthetic TrkC ligands bearing agents for photodynamic therapy could be used to completely ablate 4T1 metastatic breast tumors and suppress metastatic spread in vivo. Modification of these probes (A in the text) to make them suitable for near infrared optical imaging in vivo would require a substantial increase in molecular mass (and hence increased vulnerability to undesirable absorption, metabolism and immunogenicity effects), or significant changes to the probe design which might compromise binding to TrkC in histochemical studies and on live cells. The research featured here was undertaken to investigate if the second strategy could be achieved without compromising binding to TrkC-expressing tissues. Specifically, an "aza-BODIPY" probe was synthesized to replace a spacer fragment in the original probe A. In the event, this new probe design (1a in the text) binds TrkC+ breast cancer in live cell cultures, in histochemical studies and in an in vivo murine model. Probe 1a binds TrkC+ tissues with good contrast with respect to healthy tissues, and much more strongly than an isomeric, non-TrkC binding, probe (1b) prepared as a negative control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anyanee Kamkaew
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012, College Station , TX 77842 , USA . .,School of Chemistry , Institute of Science , Suranaree University of Technology , Nakhon Ratchasima 30000 , Thailand
| | - Feng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Zheng Li
- Center for Bioenergetics , Houston Methodist Research Institute , Houston , TX 77030 , USA .
| | - Kevin Burgess
- Department of Chemistry , Texas A & M University , Box 30012, College Station , TX 77842 , USA .
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The characterization of human oral mucosal fibroblasts and their use as feeder cells in cultivated epithelial sheets. Future Sci OA 2017; 3:FSO243. [PMID: 29134127 PMCID: PMC5674271 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2017-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim To characterize human oral mucosa middle interstitial tissue fibroblasts (hOMFs) and their application in the cultivation of epithelial sheets. Methodology hOMFs were cultured with methylcellulose to form cell clusters. hOMFs amplified in adhesive culture were analyzed by flow cytometry, and were found to differentiate into multiple cell types suitable for the cultivation of human corneal epithelial sheets. hOMFs were expanded from clusters to analyze CD56 and PDGFRα expression. Results These cells showed similar differentiation patterns as keratocytes, and similar expression patterns as mesenchymal and neural cells. Furthermore, we established human corneal epithelial sheets using hOMFs. Conclusion hOMFs may be of neural crest origin and possess multipotent differentiation capacity, and are suitable for use as an autologous cell source for corneal regeneration.
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Ebadi P, Fazeli M. Anti-photoaging potential of propolis extract in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts through increasing the expression of FOXO3A and NGF genes. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:47-54. [PMID: 28826096 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is a resinous compound that has been widely used in folk medicine. Different biological activities and therapeutic applications of propolis have been studied before. However, the effects of propolis on longevity-associated genes expression in the prevention of skin photoaging still remained unclear. Therefore in this study the protective effects of propolis on the expressions of two longevity-associated genes, FOXO3A and NGF genes, against UVB-induced photoaging in human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) were investigated. Propolis extract demonstrated a concentration-dependent free radical scavenging activity that was determined by 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Also, Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to measure the total phenolic content of the extract. The viability of HDF cells was decreased gradually with increasing UVB radiation doses and 248mJ/cm2 was selected as the sub-cytotoxic dose. Pre-treatment with propolis extract increased the viability of UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts and decreased the number of β-galactosidase positive cells as senescent cells among them. It also increased the expression of FOXO3A and NGF genes in irradiated and non-irradiated cells. Consequently, these findings suggest that propolis extract has anti-photoaging potential and this property, in addition to its strong antioxidant activity, may be due to its effects on upregulation of longevity-associated genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimah Ebadi
- Division of Biotechnology, Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Fazeli
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Basic Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
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40
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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is increased in serum levels of patients with symptomatic dermographism. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2017; 34:346-349. [PMID: 28951710 PMCID: PMC5560183 DOI: 10.5114/ada.2017.69315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Symptomatic dermographism (SD) is the most common form of physical urticaria. However, the role of neuroimmune mechanisms in SD is unclear. Aim To investigate circulating levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in symptomatic dermographism. Material and methods Thirty-two patients suffering from SD and 33 healthy subjects were included in the study. Serum BDNF levels were determined by a human enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) kit. The serum C-reactive protein concentration and eosinophil counts in peripheral blood were evaluated. Results The BDNF serum levels were detectable in both SD patients and healthy controls. The BDNF serum levels were significantly higher in patients with SD compared with healthy controls (p = 0.004). There was a positive but weak correlation between serum BDNF and CRP levels; it was not statistically significant (r = 0.211, p = 0.255). There was also a positive but weak correlation between serum BDNF and eosinophil counts; it was not statistically significant (r = 0.271, p = 0.141). Conclusions The present study shows that BDNF is increased in the serum levels of patients with SD, suggesting a role for BDNF in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
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41
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A genomic approach to susceptibility and pathogenesis leads to identifying potential novel therapeutic targets in androgenetic alopecia. Genomics 2017; 109:165-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Girard D, Laverdet B, Buhé V, Trouillas M, Ghazi K, Alexaline MM, Egles C, Misery L, Coulomb B, Lataillade JJ, Berthod F, Desmoulière A. Biotechnological Management of Skin Burn Injuries: Challenges and Perspectives in Wound Healing and Sensory Recovery. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:59-82. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorothée Girard
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Betty Laverdet
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
| | - Virginie Buhé
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Marina Trouillas
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Kamélia Ghazi
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Maïa M. Alexaline
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Christophe Egles
- Sorbonne University, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, CNRS UMR 7338 Biomechanics and Bioengineering, Centre de Recherche Royallieu, Compiègne, France
| | - Laurent Misery
- University of Western Brittany, Laboratory of Neurosciences of Brest (EA 4685), Brest, France
| | - Bernard Coulomb
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Lataillade
- Paris Sud University, Unité mixte Inserm/SSA 1197, IRBA/CTSA/HIA Percy, École du Val de Grâce, Clamart, France
| | - François Berthod
- Centre LOEX de l'Université Laval, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec and Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- University of Limoges, Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies (EA 6309), Faculties of Medicine and Pharmacy, Limoges, France
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Laprais A, Dunston SM, Torres SMF, Favrot C, Olivry T. Evaluation of intraepidermal nerve fibres in the skin of normal and atopic dogs. Vet Dermatol 2017; 28:355-e80. [PMID: 28133844 DOI: 10.1111/vde.12420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interest in intraepidermal nerve fibres (IENFs) is rising in human medicine, because variations in fibre density occur in some diseases and these neurites might contribute to disease pathogenesis. An increase in IENF density is seen in human atopic dermatitis (AD); there are no such data in atopic dogs. OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of IENFs in normal and atopic canine skin. METHODS Eight millimetre skin punch biopsies were taken from six sites of 25 healthy dogs without dermatitis and compared to lesional and nonlesional skin samples of dogs with AD (23 and 14 dogs, respectively). Thirty micrometre-thick paraffin-embedded sections were stained by indirect immunofluorescence for neuronal beta-3 tubulin. Only sections with detectable dermal nerves were then screened for the presence of IENFs. RESULTS IENFs were identified in all 25 normal nasal planum sections, but in only one biopsy collected from each of the normal canine haired skin (NCHS) sites. As there was no significant difference in IENF prevalence between NCHS areas, they were grouped together. The rate of detection of IENFs was significantly higher (one-tailed Fisher's test, P = 0.004) in lesional AD specimens (18 of 23; 78%) than in nonlesional AD (four of 14; 29%) and NCHS specimens (four of 111; 4%, P < 0.0001). The prevalence of IENF detection in nonlesional AD samples was significantly higher than in normal canine skin (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE IENFs are detected more commonly in canine AD than in normal haired skin; these results are comparable to those seen for human AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Laprais
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Stanley M Dunston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA
| | - Sheila M F Torres
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 1365 Gortner Avenue, St. Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - Claude Favrot
- Clinic for Small Animal Internal Medicine, Dermatology Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 260, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thierry Olivry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, NC State University, 1060 William Moore Drive, Raleigh, NC, 27607, USA.,Comparative Medicine Institute, NC State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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Peters EMJ. Stressed skin?--a molecular psychosomatic update on stress-causes and effects in dermatologic diseases. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016; 14:233-52; quiz 253. [PMID: 26972185 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A pathogenetically relevant link between stress, in terms of psychosocial stress, and disease was first described in the 1970s, when it was proven that viral diseases of mucous membranes (such as rhinovirus and Coxsackie virus infections) develop faster and more severe after stress exposure. Since then, there has been an annual increase in the number of publications which investigate this relationship and break it down to the molecular level. Nevertheless, the evidences for the impact of psychosocial stress on chronic inflammatory skin diseases and skin tumors are hardly known. In the present review, we outline current insights into epidemiology, psychoneuroimmunology, and molecular psychosomatics which demonstrate the manifold disease-relevant interactions between the endocrine, nervous, and immune systems. The focus is on stress-induced shifts in immune balance in exemplary disorders such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and malignant melanoma. The objective of this article is to convey basic psychosomatic knowledge with respect to etiology, symptomatology, and therapeutic options for chronic skin diseases. Particular attention is directed towards the underlying molecular relationships, both from a somatic to mental as well as a mental to somatic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M J Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunology Laboratory, Department of Psychosomatics Medicine and Psychotherapy, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.,Charité Center 12 (CC12) for Internal Medicine and Dermatology, Universitätsmedizin - Charité, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
Emerging research has suggested that the skin is not only a target of organismal distress but also an active participant of the stress response through production of local "HPA axis" components, peripheral nerve endings, and resident skin cells, including keratinocytes, mast cells, and immune/immune accessory cells. There are also bidirectional communication pathways between the brain and the skin, which play significant roles in integrating these interactions. In this review, we summarize the intricate relations between stress and several skin conditions. We have tried to identify the underlying mechanisms that link stress to the common dermatoses according to the latest scientific findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Alexopoulos
- First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- First Department of Pediatrics, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece.
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Byun JW, Park IS, Choi GS, Shin J. Role of fibroblast-derived factors in the pathogenesis of melasma. Clin Exp Dermatol 2016; 41:601-9. [DOI: 10.1111/ced.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. W. Byun
- Department of Dermatology; Inha Hospital; INHA University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - I. S. Park
- Department of Pathology; INHA University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - G. S. Choi
- Department of Dermatology; Inha Hospital; INHA University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
| | - J. Shin
- Department of Dermatology; Inha Hospital; INHA University School of Medicine; Incheon Korea
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Kong Y, Liu Y, Pan L, Cheng B, Liu H. Norepinephrine Regulates Keratinocyte Proliferation to Promote the Growth of Hair Follicles. Cells Tissues Organs 2016; 201:423-435. [PMID: 27286967 DOI: 10.1159/000446020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological factors and stress can cause hair loss. The sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis has been reported to regulate the growth of hair follicles (HF). The sympathetic nerve is a component of the SAM axis, but it has not been sufficiently or convincingly linked to hair growth. In this study, we demonstrate that chemical sympathectomy via administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mice inhibited HF growth, but treatment with the β-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol (PR) had no effect. HF length and skin thickness were greater in PR-treated and control mice than in 6-OHDA-treated mice, as evidenced by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Furthermore, we found that the reduced HF growth in sympathectomized animals was accompanied by a decreased keratinocyte proliferation. Moreover, the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) was found to efficiently promote HF growth in an organotypic skin culture model. Together, these findings suggest that sympathetic nerves regulate keratinocyte behaviors to promote hair growth, providing novel insights into stress-related, chemotherapy-, and radiotherapy-induced alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Kong
- Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
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48
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Yue Y, Guo T, Yuan C, Liu J, Guo J, Feng R, Niu C, Sun X, Yang B. Integrated Analysis of the Roles of Long Noncoding RNA and Coding RNA Expression in Sheep (Ovis aries) Skin during Initiation of Secondary Hair Follicle. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156890. [PMID: 27276011 PMCID: PMC4898689 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Initiation of hair follicle (HF) is the first and most important stage of HF morphogenesis. However the precise molecular mechanism of initiation of hair follicle remains elusive. Meanwhile, in previous study, the more attentions had been paid to the function of genes, while the roles of non-coding RNAs (such as long noncoding RNA and microRNA) had not been described. Therefore, the roles of long noncoding RNA(LncRNA) and coding RNA in sheep skin during the initiation of sheep secondary HF were integrated and analyzed, by using strand-specific RNA sequencing (ssRNA-seq).A total of 192 significant differentially expressed genes were detected, including 67 up-regulated genes and 125 down-regulated genes between stage 0 and stage 1 of HF morphogenesis during HF initiation. Only Wnt2, FGF20 were just significant differentially expressed among Wnt, Shh, Notch and BMP signaling pathways. Further expression profile analysis of lncRNAs showed that 884 novel lncRNAs were discovered in sheep skin expression profiles. A total of 15 lncRNAs with significant differential expression were detected, 6 up-regulated and 9 down-regulated. Among of differentially expressed genes and LncRNA, XLOC002437 lncRNA and potential target gene COL6A6 were all significantly down-regulated in stage 1. Furthermore, by using RNAhybrid, XLOC005698 may be as a competing endogenous RNA ''sponges" oar-miR-3955-5p activity. Gene Ontology and KEGG pathway analyses indicated that the significantly enriched pathway was peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) pathway (corrected P-value < 0.05), indicating that PPAR pathway is likely to play significant roles during the initiation of secondary HF.Results suggest that the key differentially expressed genes and LncRNAs may be considered as potential candidate genes for further study on the molecular mechanisms of HF initiation, as well as supplying some potential values for understanding human hair disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaojing Yue
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jianbin Liu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jian Guo
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruilin Feng
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chune Niu
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Sun
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bohui Yang
- Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangouyan Street, Lanzhou, China
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49
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Peters EM. Gestresste Haut? - Aktueller Stand molekularer psychosomatischer Zusammenhänge und ihr Beitrag zu Ursachen und Folgen dermatologischer Erkrankungen. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.12957_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eva M.J. Peters
- Psychoneuroimmunologie Labor, Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie; Justus Liebig Universität; Gießen
- CharitéCenter 12 (CC12) für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie Universitätsmedizin - Charité; Berlin
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50
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Darby IA, Zakuan N, Billet F, Desmoulière A. The myofibroblast, a key cell in normal and pathological tissue repair. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:1145-57. [PMID: 26681260 PMCID: PMC11108523 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-015-2110-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Myofibroblasts are characterized by their expression of α-smooth muscle actin, their enhanced contractility when compared to normal fibroblasts and their increased synthetic activity of extracellular matrix proteins. Myofibroblasts play an important role in normal tissue repair processes, particularly in the skin where they were first described. During normal tissue repair, they appear transiently and are then lost via apoptosis. However, the chronic presence and continued activity of myofibroblasts characterize many fibrotic pathologies, in the skin and internal organs including the liver, kidney and lung. More recently, it has become clear that myofibroblasts also play a role in many types of cancer as stromal or cancer-associated myofibroblast. The fact that myofibroblasts are now known to be key players in many pathologies makes understanding their functions, origin and the regulation of their differentiation important to enable them to be regulated in normal physiology and targeted in fibrosis, scarring and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian A Darby
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia.
| | - Noraina Zakuan
- School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Fabrice Billet
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 2 rue du Dr. Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France
- EA 6309 Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, University of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France
| | - Alexis Desmoulière
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Limoges, 2 rue du Dr. Marcland, 87025, Limoges Cedex, France.
- EA 6309 Myelin Maintenance and Peripheral Neuropathies, University of Limoges, 87000, Limoges, France.
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