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Walker BA, Boyle EM, Wardell CP, Murison A, Begum DB, Dahir NM, Proszek PZ, Johnson DC, Kaiser MF, Melchor L, Aronson LI, Scales M, Pawlyn C, Mirabella F, Jones JR, Brioli A, Mikulasova A, Cairns DA, Gregory WM, Quartilho A, Drayson MT, Russell N, Cook G, Jackson GH, Leleu X, Davies FE, Morgan GJ. Mutational Spectrum, Copy Number Changes, and Outcome: Results of a Sequencing Study of Patients With Newly Diagnosed Myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:3911-20. [PMID: 26282654 PMCID: PMC6485456 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.59.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 412] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE At the molecular level, myeloma is characterized by copy number abnormalities and recurrent translocations into the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Novel methods, such as massively parallel sequencing, have begun to describe the pattern of tumor-acquired mutations, but their clinical relevance has yet to be established. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing for 463 patients who presented with myeloma and were enrolled onto the National Cancer Research Institute Myeloma XI trial, for whom complete molecular cytogenetic and clinical outcome data were available. RESULTS We identified 15 significantly mutated genes: IRF4, KRAS, NRAS, MAX, HIST1H1E, RB1, EGR1, TP53, TRAF3, FAM46C, DIS3, BRAF, LTB, CYLD, and FGFR3. The mutational spectrum is dominated by mutations in the RAS (43%) and nuclear factor-κB (17%) pathways, but although they are prognostically neutral, they could be targeted therapeutically. Mutations in CCND1 and DNA repair pathway alterations (TP53, ATM, ATR, and ZNFHX4 mutations) are associated with a negative impact on survival. In contrast, those in IRF4 and EGR1 are associated with a favorable overall survival. We combined these novel mutation risk factors with the recurrent molecular adverse features and international staging system to generate an international staging system mutation score that can identify a high-risk population of patients who experience relapse and die prematurely. CONCLUSION We have refined our understanding of genetic events in myeloma and identified clinically relevant mutations that may be used to better stratify patients at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian A Walker
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Eileen M Boyle
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Christopher P Wardell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Alex Murison
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Dil B Begum
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nasrin M Dahir
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Paula Z Proszek
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David C Johnson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Martin F Kaiser
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lorenzo Melchor
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Lauren I Aronson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Matthew Scales
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Charlotte Pawlyn
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Fabio Mirabella
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - John R Jones
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Annamaria Brioli
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Aneta Mikulasova
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - David A Cairns
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Walter M Gregory
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ana Quartilho
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mark T Drayson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Nigel Russell
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gordon Cook
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Graham H Jackson
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Xavier Leleu
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Faith E Davies
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Gareth J Morgan
- Brian A. Walker, Eileen M. Boyle, Christopher P. Wardell, Alex Murison, Dil B. Begum, Nasrin M. Dahir, Paula Z. Proszek, David C. Johnson, Martin F. Kaiser, Lorenzo Melchor, Lauren I. Aronson, Charlotte Pawlyn, Fabio Mirabella, John R. Jones, Annamaria Brioli, Faith E. Davies, and Gareth J. Morgan, The Institute of Cancer Research, London; Matthew Scales, The Institute of Cancer Research, Surrey; David A. Cairns, Walter M. Gregory, and Ana Quartilho, University of Leeds; Gordon Cook, St James's University Hospital, Leeds; Mark T. Drayson, University of Birmingham, Birmingham; Nigel Russell, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham; Graham H. Jackson, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Aneta Mikulasova, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; and Xavier Leleu, Hôpital C. Huriez, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France.
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