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Lizcova L, Prihodova E, Pavlistova L, Svobodova K, Mejstrikova E, Hrusak O, Luknarova P, Janotova I, Sramkova L, Stary J, Zemanova Z. Cytogenomic characterization of pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia reveals TCR rearrangements as predictive factors for exceptional prognosis. Mol Cytogenet 2024; 17:14. [PMID: 38783324 PMCID: PMC11118568 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-024-00682-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) represents a rare and clinically and genetically heterogeneous disease that constitutes 10-15% of newly diagnosed pediatric ALL cases. Despite improved outcomes of these children, the survival rate after relapse is extremely poor. Moreover, the survivors must also endure the acute and long-term effects of intensive therapy. Although recent studies have identified a number of recurrent genomic aberrations in pediatric T-ALL, none of the changes is known to have prognostic significance. The aim of our study was to analyze the cytogenomic changes and their various combinations in bone marrow cells of children with T-ALL and to correlate our findings with the clinical features of the subjects and their treatment responses. RESULTS We performed a retrospective and prospective comprehensive cytogenomic analysis of consecutive cohort of 66 children (46 boys and 20 girls) with T-ALL treated according to BFM-based protocols and centrally investigated cytogenetics and immunophenotypes. Using combinations of cytogenomic methods (conventional cytogenetics, FISH, mFISH/mBAND, arrayCGH/SNP and MLPA), we identified chromosomal aberrations in vast majority of patients (91%). The most frequent findings involved the deletion of CDKN2A/CDKN2B genes (71%), T-cell receptor (TCR) loci translocations (27%), and TLX3 gene rearrangements (23%). All chromosomal changes occurred in various combinations and were rarely found as a single abnormality. Children with aberrations of TCR loci had a significantly better event free (p = 0.0034) and overall survival (p = 0.0074), all these patients are living in the first complete remission. None of the abnormalities was an independent predictor of an increased risk of relapse. CONCLUSIONS We identified a subgroup of patients with TCR aberrations (both TRA/TRD and TRB), who had an excellent prognosis in our cohort with 5-year EFS and OS of 100%, regardless of the presence of other abnormality or the translocation partner. Our data suggest that escalation of treatment intensity, which may be considered in subsets of T-ALL is not needed for nonHR (non-high risk) patients with TCR aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Libuse Lizcova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Eva Prihodova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lenka Pavlistova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karla Svobodova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ester Mejstrikova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Hrusak
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Luknarova
- CLIP - Childhood Leukaemia Investigation Prague, Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Janotova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Sramkova
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Zemanova
- Center of Oncocytogenomics, Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital in Prague and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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2
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Choi JK, Xiao W, Chen X, Loghavi S, Elenitoba-Johnson KS, Naresh KN, Medeiros LJ, Czader M. Fifth Edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemias, Mixed-Phenotype Acute Leukemias, Myeloid/Lymphoid Neoplasms With Eosinophilia, Dendritic/Histiocytic Neoplasms, and Genetic Tumor Syndromes. Mod Pathol 2024; 37:100466. [PMID: 38460674 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This manuscript represents a review of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoblastic lymphoma), acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage, mixed-phenotype acute leukemias, myeloid/lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and defining gene rearrangements, histiocytic and dendritic neoplasms, and genetic tumor syndromes of the 5th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of the Hematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues. The diagnostic, clinicopathologic, cytogenetic, and molecular genetic features are discussed. The differences in comparison to the 4th revised edition of the World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Choi
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Wenbin Xiao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Xueyan Chen
- Section of Pathology, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Sanam Loghavi
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kojo S Elenitoba-Johnson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kikkeri N Naresh
- Section of Pathology, Translational Science and Therapeutics Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - L Jeffrey Medeiros
- Department of Hematopathology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Magdalena Czader
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana.
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3
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Wang X, Wang W, Vega F, Quesada AE. Aggressive Mediastinal Lymphomas. Semin Diagn Pathol 2024; 41:125-139. [PMID: 34175178 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mediastinum contains essentially all major intrathoracic organs except for the lungs. A variety of both benign and malignant tumors can involve the mediastinum, of which lymphoma is the most common malignancy. Compared to secondary mediastinal involvement by systemic lymphomas, primary mediastinal lymphomas are less common with several specific entities that are mainly confined to mediastinal lymph nodes, and/or thymus. This review will summarize the clinical, histologic, immunophenotypic and molecular genetic features of the most common and most aggressive primary mediastinal lymphomas as well as provide suggested immunohistochemistry panels and differential diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiong Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Francisco Vega
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Andres E Quesada
- Department of Hematopathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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4
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Nagel S, Rand U, Pommerenke C, Meyer C. Transcriptional Landscape of CUT-Class Homeobox Genes in Blastic Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cell Neoplasm. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2764. [PMID: 38474011 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode developmental transcription factors regulating tissue-specific differentiation processes and drive cancerogenesis when deregulated. Dendritic cells (DCs) are myeloid immune cells occurring as two types, either conventional or plasmacytoid DCs. Recently, we showed that the expression of NKL-subclass homeobox gene VENTX is restricted to conventional DCs, regulating developmental genes. Here, we identified and investigated homeobox genes specifically expressed in plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) and derived blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN). We analyzed gene expression data, performed RQ-PCR, protein analyses by Western blot and immuno-cytology, siRNA-mediated knockdown assays and subsequent RNA-sequencing and live-cell imaging. Screening of public gene expression data revealed restricted activity of the CUT-class homeobox gene CUX2 in pDCs. An extended analysis of this homeobox gene class in myelopoiesis showed that additional CUX2 activity was restricted to myeloid progenitors, while BPDCN patients aberrantly expressed ONECUT2, which remained silent in the complete myeloid compartment. ONECUT2 expressing BPDCN cell line CAL-1 served as a model to investigate its regulation and oncogenic activity. The ONECUT2 locus at 18q21 was duplicated and activated by IRF4, AUTS2 and TNF-signaling and repressed by BMP4-, TGFb- and IL13-signalling. Functional analyses of ONECUT2 revealed the inhibition of pDC differentiation and of CDKN1C and CASP1 expression, while SMAD3 and EPAS1 were activated. EPAS1 in turn enhanced survival under hypoxic conditions which thus may support dendritic tumor cells residing in hypoxic skin lesions. Collectively, we revealed physiological and aberrant activities of CUT-class homeobox genes in myelopoiesis including pDCs and in BPDCN, respectively. Our data may aid in the diagnosis of BPDCN patients and reveal novel therapeutic targets for this fatal malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Ulfert Rand
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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5
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Mark C, Meshinchi S, Joyce B, Gibson B, Harrison C, Bergmann AK, Goemans BF, Pronk CJH, Lapillonne H, Leverger G, Antoniou E, Schneider M, Attarbaschi A, Dworzak M, Stary J, Tomizawa D, Ebert S, Lejman M, Kolb EA, Schmiegelow K, Hasle H, Abla O. Treatment outcomes of childhood PICALM::MLLT10 acute leukaemias. Br J Haematol 2024; 204:576-584. [PMID: 37743097 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
The prognostic impact of PICALM::MLLT10 status in childhood leukaemia is not well described. Ten International Berlin Frankfurt Münster-affiliated study groups and the Children's Oncology Group collaborated in this multicentre retrospective study. The presence of the PICALM::MLLT10 fusion gene was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization and/or RNA sequencing at participating sites. Ninety-eight children met the study criteria. T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL) and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) predominated 55 (56%) and 39 (40%) patients, respectively. Most patients received a chemotherapy regimen per their disease phenotype: 58% received an ALL regimen, 40% an AML regimen and 1% a hybrid regimen. Outcomes for children with PICALM::MLLT10 ALL were reasonable: 5-year event-free survival (EFS) 67% and 5-year overall survival (OS) 76%, but children with PICALM::MLLT10 AML had poor outcomes: 5-year EFS 22% and 5-year OS 26%. Haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) did not result in a significant improvement in outcomes for PICALM::MLLT10 AML: 5-year EFS 20% for those who received HSCT versus 23% for those who did not (p = 0.6) and 5-year OS 37% versus 36% (p = 0.7). In summary, this study confirms that PICALM::MLLT10 AML is associated with a dismal prognosis and patients cannot be salvaged with HSCT; exploration of novel therapeutic options is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Mark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soheil Meshinchi
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Centre, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Brooklyn Joyce
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brenda Gibson
- Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | | | | | - Bianca F Goemans
- Princess Maxima Centre for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Guy Leverger
- Hôpital d'enfants Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Dworzak
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children's Cancer Research Institute (CCRI), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jan Stary
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Daisuke Tomizawa
- Division of Leukemia and Lymphoma, Children's Cancer Centre, National Centre for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sabine Ebert
- Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medical Centre, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Monika Lejman
- Independent Laboratory of Genetic Diagnostics, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - E Anders Kolb
- Nemours Children's Hospital, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | | | - Henrik Hasle
- Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Toronto Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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6
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De Bie J, Quessada J, Tueur G, Lefebvre C, Luquet I, Toujani S, Cuccuini W, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Michaux L. Cytogenetics in the management of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL): Guidelines from the Groupe Francophone de Cytogénétique Hématologique (GFCH). Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103431. [PMID: 38016418 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular analysis is the hallmark of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) categorization. Several T-ALL sub-groups are well recognized based on the aberrant expression of specific transcription factors. This recently resulted in the implementation of eight provisional T-ALL entities into the novel 2022 International Consensus Classification, albeit not into the updated World Health Organization classification system. Despite this extensive molecular characterization, cytogenetic analysis remains the backbone of T-ALL diagnosis in many countries as chromosome banding analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization are relatively inexpensive techniques to obtain results of diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic interest. Here, we provide an overview of recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detectable in T-ALL patients and propose guidelines regarding their detection. By referring in parallel to the more general molecular classification approach, we hope to offer a diagnostic framework useful in a broad clinical genetic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien De Bie
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Julie Quessada
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France; CRCM, Inserm UMR1068, CNRS UMR7258, Aix Marseille Université U105, Institut Paoli Calmettes, Marseille 13009, France
| | - Giulia Tueur
- Laboratoire d'hématologie, Hôpital Avicenne, AP-HP, Bobigny 93000, France
| | - Christine Lefebvre
- Unité de Génétique des Hémopathies, Service d'Hématologie Biologique, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Isabelle Luquet
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, CHU Toulouse (IUCT-O), Toulouse 31000, France
| | - Saloua Toujani
- Service de Cytogénétique et Biologie Cellulaire, CHU de Rennes, Rennes 35033, France
| | - Wendy Cuccuini
- Laboratoire d'Hématologie, Unité de Cytogénétique, Hôpital Saint-Louis, AP-HP, Paris 75010, France
| | - Marina Lafage-Pochitaloff
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, Département d'Hématologie, CHU Timone, APHM, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Lucienne Michaux
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Herestraat 49, Leuven 3000, Belgium; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
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7
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Zhang X, Cui B, Li Y, Li Z, Zheng J, Chu X, Xiao P, Lu J, Wang Z, Cen J, Liu Y, Hu S. Transcriptome sequencing identifies novel EVX fusions involved in transcriptional activation of HOX family genes in pediatric immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: two cases reports and a literature review. Int J Hematol 2023; 118:508-513. [PMID: 37243888 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-023-03619-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Driver genomic alterations in pediatric immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia are not fully known. We report two cases of novel EVX fusions involved in the transcriptional activation of HOX family genes, ETV6::EVX2 and MSI2::EVX1/HOXA13, which activate HOXD and HOXA cluster genes transcription through enhancer hijacking. HOXA and HOXD were the only key transcription factors activated in these cases, which indicates their important roles in leukemogenesis. Our findings elucidate potential drivers for development of T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia, and are valuable for diagnosis and risk stratification of pediatric T-ALL in the era of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Bowen Cui
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China
| | - Yizhen Li
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place MS313, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Zhiheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Xinran Chu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Peifang Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Jiannong Cen
- Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215000, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Pediatric Translational Medicine Institute, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
- Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Ministry of Health, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200127, China.
| | - Shaoyan Hu
- Department of Hematology, Jiangsu Children's Hematology and Oncology Center, and the Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215025, China.
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Vieler LM, Nilius-Eliliwi V, Schroers R, Vangala DB, Nguyen HP, Gerding WM. Optical Genome Mapping Reveals and Characterizes Recurrent Aberrations and New Fusion Genes in Adult ALL. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030686. [PMID: 36980958 PMCID: PMC10048194 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) the genetic characterization remains challenging. Due to the genetic heterogeneity of mutations in adult patients, only a small proportion of aberrations can be analyzed with standard routine diagnostics. Optical genome mapping (OGM) has recently opened up new possibilities for the characterization of structural variants on a genome-wide level, thus enabling simultaneous analysis for a broad spectrum of genetic aberrations. (2) Methods: 11 adult ALL patients were examined using OGM. (3) Results: Genetic results obtained by karyotyping and FISH were confirmed by OGM for all patients. Karyotype was redefined, and additional genetic information was obtained in 82% (9/11) of samples by OGM, previously not diagnosed by standard of care. Besides gross-structural chromosome rearrangements, e.g., ring chromosome 9 and putative isodicentric chromosome 8q, deletions in CDKN2A/2B were detected in 7/11 patients, defining an approx. 20 kb minimum region of overlap, including an alternative exon 1 of the CDKN2A gene. The results further confirm recurrent ALL aberrations (e.g., PAX5, ETV6, VPREB1, IKZF1). (4) Conclusions: Genome-wide OGM analysis enables a broad genetic characterization in adult ALL patients in one single workup compared to standard clinical testing, facilitating a detailed genetic diagnosis, risk-stratification, and target-directed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Marie Vieler
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
| | - Verena Nilius-Eliliwi
- Center for Hemato-Oncological Diseases, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Roland Schroers
- Center for Hemato-Oncological Diseases, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Deepak Ben Vangala
- Center for Hemato-Oncological Diseases, University Hospital Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, In der Schornau 23-25, 44892 Bochum, Germany
| | - Huu Phuc Nguyen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Wanda Maria Gerding
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstr. 150, 44801 Bochum, Germany
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Liu X, Zou Y, Zhang L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Chen X, Guo Y, Yang W, Zhu X. Characteristics and prognosis of children with recurrent T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a long-term follow-up report in China. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:3462-3474. [PMID: 36107030 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2123224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the relapse characteristics and prognosis of 145 children newly diagnosed with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The overall complete response (CR) rate was 91.7% (133/145), and the overall recurrence rate was 31.6% (42/133). The recurrence rate in the intermediate-risk (IR) group and high-risk (HR) group was 15.4% and 47.1%, respectively (p < 0.001). Patients with young age, early T-cell precursor ALL, central nervous system (CNS) involvement, TCRγ gene rearrangement, karyotypic abnormalities, or absence of TCRβ gene rearrangement (p < 0.05) tended to relapse. All recurrences occurred within 36 months after diagnosis. The HR group recurred earlier than the IR group (p= 0.026). The 3-year overall survival (OS) rate was significantly lower in the HR group than in the IR group (p < 0.001). All relapsed children died within 12 months after recurrence. Early intervention may benefit children with a high risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yingchi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Yumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Ye Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wenyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Xiaofan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, PR China
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10
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Salmerón-Villalobos J, Ramis-Zaldivar JE, Balagué O, Verdú-Amorós J, Celis V, Sábado C, Garrido M, Mato S, Uriz J, Ortega MJ, Gutierrez-Camino A, Sinnett D, Illarregi U, Carron M, Regueiro A, Galera A, Gonzalez-Farré B, Campo E, Garcia N, Colomer D, Astigarraga I, Andrés M, Llavador M, Martin-Guerrero I, Salaverria I. Diverse mutations and structural variations contribute to Notch signaling deregulation in paediatric T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29926. [PMID: 36000950 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is an aggressive neoplasm closely related to T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (T-ALL). Despite their similarities, and contrary to T-ALL, studies on paediatric T-LBL are scarce and, therefore, its molecular landscape has not yet been fully elucidated. Thus, the aims of this study were to characterize the genetic and molecular heterogeneity of paediatric T-LBL and to evaluate novel molecular markers differentiating this entity from T-ALL. PROCEDURE Thirty-three paediatric T-LBL patients were analyzed using an integrated approach, including targeted next-generation sequencing, RNA-sequencing transcriptome analysis and copy-number arrays. RESULTS Copy number and mutational analyses allowed the detection of recurrent homozygous deletions of 9p/CDKN2A (78%), trisomy 20 (19%) and gains of 17q24-q25 (16%), as well as frequent mutations of NOTCH1 (62%), followed by the BCL11B (23%), WT1 (19%) and FBXW7, PHF6 and RPL10 genes (15%, respectively). This genetic profile did not differ from that described in T-ALL in terms of mutation incidence and global genomic complexity level, but unveiled virtually exclusive 17q25 gains and trisomy 20 in T-LBL. Additionally, we identified novel gene fusions in paediatric T-LBL, including NOTCH1-IKZF2, RNGTT-SNAP91 and DDX3X-MLLT10, the last being the only one previously described in T-ALL. Moreover, clinical correlations highlighted the presence of Notch pathway alterations as a factor related to favourable outcome. CONCLUSIONS In summary, the genomic landscape of paediatric T-LBL is similar to that observed in T-ALL, and Notch signaling pathway deregulation remains the cornerstone in its pathogenesis, including not only mutations but fusion genes targeting NOTCH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Salmerón-Villalobos
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joan Enric Ramis-Zaldivar
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Olga Balagué
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Haematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Verónica Celis
- Paediatric Oncology Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Constantino Sábado
- Paediatric Oncology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Garrido
- Anatomic Pathology Department, Hospital Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Mato
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Uriz
- Paediatric Oncohaematology Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - M José Ortega
- Paediatric Oncology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Daniel Sinnett
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Unai Illarregi
- Genetics, Physics Anthropology and Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science and Technology, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Máxime Carron
- Division of Haematology-Oncology, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Alexandra Regueiro
- Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana Galera
- Paediatric Oncohaematology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Blanca Gonzalez-Farré
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Haematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elias Campo
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Haematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Garcia
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dolors Colomer
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain.,Haematopathology Unit, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Itziar Astigarraga
- Paediatric Department, Osakidetza, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Hospital Universitario Cruces, Barakaldo, Spain.,Paediatric Department, Universidad del Pais Vasco UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Mara Andrés
- Paediatric Oncology Department, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Idoia Martin-Guerrero
- Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology & Animal Physiology, Science and Technology Faculty, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Itziar Salaverria
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain
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11
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Yurttaş NÖ, Eşkazan AE. Clinical Application of Biomarkers for Hematologic Malignancies. Biomark Med 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/9789815040463122010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last decade, significant advancements have been made in the
molecular mechanisms, diagnostic methods, prognostication, and treatment options in
hematologic malignancies. As the treatment landscape continues to expand,
personalized treatment is much more important.
With the development of new technologies, more sensitive evaluation of residual
disease using flow cytometry and next generation sequencing is possible nowadays.
Although some conventional biomarkers preserve their significance, novel potential
biomarkers accurately detect the mutational landscape of different cancers, and also,
serve as prognostic and predictive biomarkers, which can be used in evaluating therapy
responses and relapses. It is likely that we will be able to offer a more targeted and
risk-adapted therapeutic approach to patients with hematologic malignancies guided by
these potential biomarkers. This chapter summarizes the biomarkers used (or proposed
to be used) in the diagnosis and/or monitoring of hematologic neoplasms.;
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurgül Özgür Yurttaş
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Emre Eşkazan
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine,
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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12
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Arnovitz S, Mathur P, Tracy M, Mohsin A, Mondal S, Quandt J, Hernandez KM, Khazaie K, Dose M, Emmanuel AO, Gounari F. Tcf-1 promotes genomic instability and T cell transformation in response to aberrant β-catenin activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201493119. [PMID: 35921443 PMCID: PMC9371646 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201493119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms promoting chromosomal translocations of the rearranging receptor loci in leukemia and lymphoma remains incomplete. Here we show that leukemias induced by aberrant activation of β-catenin in thymocytes, which bear recurrent Tcra/Myc-Pvt1 translocations, depend on Tcf-1. The DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) in the Tcra site of the translocation are Rag-generated, whereas the Myc-Pvt1 DSBs are not. Aberrantly activated β-catenin redirects Tcf-1 binding to novel DNA sites to alter chromatin accessibility and down-regulate genome-stability pathways. Impaired homologous recombination (HR) DNA repair and replication checkpoints lead to retention of DSBs that promote translocations and transformation of double-positive (DP) thymocytes. The resulting lymphomas, which resemble human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), are sensitive to PARP inhibitors (PARPis). Our findings indicate that aberrant β-catenin signaling contributes to translocations in thymocytes by guiding Tcf-1 to promote the generation and retention of replication-induced DSBs allowing their coexistence with Rag-generated DSBs. Thus, PARPis could offer therapeutic options in hematologic malignancies with active Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Arnovitz
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Priya Mathur
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Melissa Tracy
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Azam Mohsin
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Soumi Mondal
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jasmin Quandt
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | | | - Marei Dose
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
| | | | - Fotini Gounari
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ 85259
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13
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The Hematopoietic TALE-Code Shows Normal Activity of IRX1 in Myeloid Progenitors and Reveals Ectopic Expression of IRX3 and IRX5 in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063192. [PMID: 35328612 PMCID: PMC8952210 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors that control basic developmental decisions. Knowledge of their hematopoietic activities casts light on normal and malignant immune cell development. Recently, we constructed the so-called lymphoid TALE-code that codifies expression patterns of all active TALE class homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis. Here, we present the corresponding myeloid TALE-code to extend this gene signature, covering the entire hematopoietic system. The collective data showed expression patterns for eleven TALE homeobox genes and highlighted the exclusive expression of IRX1 in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs), implicating this TALE class member in a specific myeloid differentiation process. Analysis of public profiling data from acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients revealed aberrant activity of IRX1 in addition to IRX3 and IRX5, indicating an oncogenic role for these TALE homeobox genes when deregulated. Screening of RNA-seq data from 100 leukemia/lymphoma cell lines showed overexpression of IRX1, IRX3, and IRX5 in megakaryoblastic and myelomonocytic AML cell lines, chosen as suitable models for studying the regulation and function of these homeo-oncogenes. Genomic copy number analysis of IRX-positive cell lines demonstrated chromosomal amplification of the neighboring IRX3 and IRX5 genes at position 16q12 in MEGAL, underlying their overexpression in this cell line model. Comparative gene expression analysis of these cell lines revealed candidate upstream factors and target genes, namely the co-expression of GATA1 and GATA2 together with IRX1, and of BMP2 and HOXA10 with IRX3/IRX5. Subsequent knockdown and stimulation experiments in AML cell lines confirmed their activating impact in the corresponding IRX gene expression. Furthermore, we demonstrated that IRX1 activated KLF1 and TAL1, while IRX3 inhibited GATA1, GATA2, and FST. Accordingly, we propose that these regulatory relationships may represent major physiological and oncogenic activities of IRX factors in normal and malignant myeloid differentiation, respectively. Finally, the established myeloid TALE-code is a useful tool for evaluating TALE homeobox gene activities in AML.
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14
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Yin J, Lu R, Xin C, Wang Y, Ling X, Li D, Zhang W, Liu M, Xie W, Kong L, Si W, Wei P, Xiao B, Lee HY, Liu T, Hu J. Cas9 exo-endonuclease eliminates chromosomal translocations during genome editing. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1204. [PMID: 35260581 PMCID: PMC8904484 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28900-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism underlying unwanted structural variations induced by CRISPR-Cas9 remains poorly understood, and no effective strategy is available to inhibit the generation of these byproducts. Here we find that the generation of a high level of translocations is dependent on repeated cleavage at the Cas9-targeting sites. Therefore, we employ a strategy in which Cas9 is fused with optimized TREX2 to generate Cas9TX, a Cas9 exo-endonuclease, which prevents perfect DNA repair and thereby avoids repeated cleavage. In comparison with CRISPR-Cas9, CRISPR-Cas9TX greatly suppressed translocation levels and enhanced the editing efficiency of single-site editing. The number of large deletions associated with Cas9TX was also reduced to very low level. The application of CRISPR-Cas9TX for multiplex gene editing in chimeric antigen receptor T cells nearly eliminated deleterious chromosomal translocations. We report the mechanism underlying translocations induced by Cas9, and propose a general strategy for reducing chromosomal abnormalities induced by CRISPR-RNA-guided endonucleases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Yin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Rusen Lu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Changchang Xin
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Yuhong Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyu Ling
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Li
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Mengzhu Liu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wutao Xie
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Lingyun Kong
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Si
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Wei
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Bingbing Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University First Hospital, 100034, Beijing, China
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, 100191, Beijing, China
| | - Jiazhi Hu
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, School of Life Sciences, Center for Life Sciences, Genome Editing Research Center, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
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15
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Population-based Targeted RNA Sequencing Reveals Novel Disease-related Gene Fusions in pediatric and adult T-ALL. Leuk Res 2022; 116:106825. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.106825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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An Orally Bioavailable and Highly Efficacious Inhibitor of CDK9/FLT3 for the Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051113. [PMID: 35267421 PMCID: PMC8909834 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) occur in approximately one-third of AML patients and are associated with a particularly poor prognosis. The most common mutation, FLT3-ITD, is a self-activating internal tandem duplication (ITD) in the FLT3 juxtamembrane domain. Many FLT3 inhibitors have shown encouraging results in clinical trials, but the rapid emergence of resistance has severely limited sustainable efficacy. Co-targeting of CDK9 and FLT3 is a promising two-pronged strategy to overcome resistance as the former plays a role in the transcription of cancer cell-survival genes. Most prominently, MCL-1 is known to be associated with AML tumorigenesis and drug resistance and can be down-regulated by CDK9 inhibition. We have developed CDDD11-8 as a potent CDK9 inhibitor co-targeting FLT3-ITD with Ki values of 8 and 13 nM, respectively. The kinome selectivity has been confirmed when the compound was tested in a panel of 369 human kinases. CDDD11-8 displayed antiproliferative activity against leukemia cell lines, and particularly potent effects were observed against MV4-11 and MOLM-13 cells, which are known to harbor the FLT3-ITD mutation and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion proteins. The mode of action was consistent with inhibition of CDK9 and FLT3-ITD. Most importantly, CDDD11-8 caused a robust tumor growth inhibition by oral administration in animal xenografts. At 125 mg/kg, CDDD11-8 induced tumor regression, and this was translated to an improved survival of animals. The study demonstrates the potential of CDDD11-8 towards the future development of a novel AML treatment.
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17
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Liu Y, Fang B, Feng X, Jiang Y, Zeng Y, Jiang J. Mechanism of IDH1-R132H mutation in T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia mouse model via the Notch1 pathway. Tissue Cell 2022; 74:101674. [PMID: 34814054 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2021.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a clonal malignant disease. Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1-R123 (IDH1-R132 H) is related to T-ALL progression. This study explored the role of IDH1-R132H in T-ALL. Molt-4 cells with IDH1-R132H mutation were constructed by retroviral transfection of IDH1-R132H and T-ALL xenotransplantation mouse model was established by injection of Molt-4 cells through the tail vein. Infiltration of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow and the percentage of CD45-positive T-ALL cells in them were detected. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion were evaluated after the intervention of Notch1, PTEN, or PI3K expression. The leukocyte number was increased, the spleen was enlarged, infiltration in bone marrow, spleen, and liver tissue was worsened and the percentage of hCD45-positive T-ALL cells was increased by IDH1-R132H mutation, which promoted T-ALL deterioration. IDH1-R132H mutation promoted proliferation, invasion, and inhibited apoptosis of T-ALL cells, which were reversed by inhibition of Notch1. IDH1-R132H mutation upregulated HES1 expression and downregulated PTEN expression by activating the Notch1 pathway, while inhibition of Notch1 reversed these changes. PTEN inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway activation. PTEN overexpression reversed IDH1-R132H mutation effect on promoting malignant behaviors of T-ALL cells. IDH1-R132H mutation inhibited PTEN expression by activating the Notch1/HES1 pathway, activated the PI3K/AKT pathway, thus promoting malignant behaviors of T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghua Liu
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Bingmu Fang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Xiaoning Feng
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Yuxiao Zeng
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China
| | - Jinhong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, No. 15, Dazhong Road, Liandu District, Lishui, Zhejiang 323000, China.
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18
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Steimlé T, Dourthe ME, Alcantara M, Touzart A, Simonin M, Mondesir J, Lhermitte L, Bond J, Graux C, Grardel N, Cayuela JM, Arnoux I, Gandemer V, Balsat M, Vey N, Macintyre E, Ifrah N, Dombret H, Petit A, Baruchel A, Ruminy P, Boissel N, Asnafi V. Clinico-biological features of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fusion proteins. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:14. [PMID: 35082269 PMCID: PMC8791998 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) represent 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. Since they have a particularly poor outcome in relapsed/refractory cases, identifying prognosis factors at diagnosis is crucial to adapting treatment for high-risk patients. Unlike acute myeloid leukemia and BCP ALL, chromosomal rearrangements leading to chimeric fusion-proteins with strong prognosis impact are sparsely reported in T-ALL. To address this issue an RT-MPLA assay was applied to a consecutive series of 522 adult and pediatric T-ALLs and identified a fusion transcript in 20% of cases. PICALM-MLLT10 (4%, n = 23), NUP214-ABL1 (3%, n = 19) and SET-NUP214 (3%, n = 18) were the most frequent. The clinico-biological characteristics linked to fusion transcripts in a subset of 235 patients (138 adults in the GRAALL2003/05 trials and 97 children from the FRALLE2000 trial) were analyzed to identify their prognosis impact. Patients with HOXA trans-deregulated T-ALLs with MLLT10, KMT2A and SET fusion transcripts (17%, 39/235) had a worse prognosis with a 5-year EFS of 35.7% vs 63.7% (HR = 1.63; p = 0.04) and a trend for a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (5-year CIR = 45.7% vs 25.2%, HR = 1.6; p = 0.11). Fusion transcripts status in T-ALL can be robustly identified by RT-MLPA, facilitating risk adapted treatment strategies for high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Steimlé
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Emilie Dourthe
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marion Alcantara
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Touzart
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Simonin
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Center for Cancer Immunotherapy, INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GH HUEP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, GRC n°07, GRC MyPAC, Paris, France
| | - Johanna Mondesir
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Lhermitte
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Jonathan Bond
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Carlos Graux
- Department of Hematology, Université catholique de Louvain, CHU UCL Namur - site Godinne, Yvoir, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Grardel
- Laboratory of Hematology, CHRU Lille, Lille, France and U1172, INSERM, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Michel Cayuela
- Laboratory of Hematology and EA 3518 University Hospital Saint-Louis, AP-HP and Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Arnoux
- Hematology Laboratory, Marseille University Hospital Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie Gandemer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Balsat
- Service d'hématologie clinique, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Marseille, France
| | - Norbert Vey
- Aix-Marseille Univ, Inserm, CNRS, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France
| | - Elizabeth Macintyre
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France
| | - Norbert Ifrah
- PRES LUNAM, CHU Angers service des Maladies du Sang et CRCINA INSERM, Angers, France
| | - Hervé Dombret
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Petit
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), GH HUEP, Armand Trousseau Hospital, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, GRC n°07, GRC MyPAC, Paris, France
| | - André Baruchel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Immunology, Robert Debré University Hospital (AP-HP), Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
| | - Philippe Ruminy
- Inserm U1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, Université de Rouen, IRIB, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Boissel
- Institut de Recherche Saint-Louis, Université de Paris, EA-3518, Paris, France
- Inserm U1245, Centre Henri Becquerel, Université de Rouen, IRIB, Rouen, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Louis, Unité d'Hématologie Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, Paris, France
| | - Vahid Asnafi
- Université de Paris (Descartes), Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Institut national de la santé et de la recherche médicale (Inserm) U1151, and Laboratory of Onco-Hematology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Necker Enfants-Malades, Paris, France.
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19
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Nagel S. The Role of NKL Homeobox Genes in T-Cell Malignancies. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111676. [PMID: 34829904 PMCID: PMC8615965 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Homeobox genes encode transcription factors controlling basic developmental processes. The homeodomain is encoded by the homeobox and mediates sequence-specific DNA binding and interaction with cofactors, thus operating as a basic regulatory platform. Similarities in their homeobox sequences serve to arrange these genes in classes and subclasses, including NKL homeobox genes. In accordance with their normal functions, deregulated homeobox genes contribute to carcinogenesis along with hematopoietic malignancies. We have recently described the physiological expression of eleven NKL homeobox genes in the course of hematopoiesis and termed this gene expression pattern NKL-code. Due to the developmental impact of NKL homeobox genes these data suggest a key role for their activity in the normal regulation of hematopoietic cell differentiation including T-cells. On the other hand, aberrant overexpression of NKL-code members or ectopical activation of non-code members has been frequently reported in lymphoid and myeloid leukemia/lymphoma, demonstrating their oncogenic impact in the hematopoietic compartment. Here, we provide an overview of the NKL-code in normal hematopoiesis and discuss the oncogenic role of deregulated NKL homeobox genes in T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
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20
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Yuan T, Shi C, Xu W, Yang HL, Xia B, Tian C. Extracellular vesicles derived from T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia inhibit osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells via miR-34a-5p. Endocr J 2021; 68:1197-1208. [PMID: 34039781 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reduced bone formation in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) may be related to the interaction between tumour cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). The miRNAs in extracellular vesicles derived from leukemia cells play an essential role in regulating the function of BMSCs; however, the regulatory mechanisms remain unclear. The expression of miR-34a-5p in T-ALL patients and cells was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. BMSCs were co-cultured with extracellular vesicles isolated from T-ALL cells in mineralization medium. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was evaluated by Alizarin Red S staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, and detection of osteogenic differentiation markers. A dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to confirm the targeting relationship between miR-34a-5p and Wnt family member 1 (WNT1). MiR-34a-5p expression was upregulated in T-ALL patients and Jurkat cells. After BMSCs were co-cultured with extracellular vesicles derived from T-ALL cells, osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs was inhibited, and bone mineralization and ALP activity were decreased compared to those of control cells. MiR-34a-5p knockdown in T-ALL cells restored osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs co-cultured with extracellular vesicles. In addition, miR-34a-5p targets and negatively regulates WNT1 expression. In conclusion, our results demonstrated that knockdown of miR-34a-5p in extracellular vesicles derived from T-ALL cells promoted osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs by regulating WNT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Ce Shi
- Central Laboratory of Hematology and Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, P.R. China
| | - Wen Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Liang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Bing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
| | - Chen Tian
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Key laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin 300060, P.R. China
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21
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Afkhami M, Ally F, Pullarkat V, Pillai RK. Genetics and Diagnostic Approach to Lymphoblastic Leukemia/Lymphoma. Cancer Treat Res 2021; 181:17-43. [PMID: 34626353 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-78311-2_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the genetics and biology of lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (acute lymphoblastic leukemia, ALL) has advanced rapidly in the past decade with advances in sequencing and other molecular techniques. Besides recurrent chromosomal abnormalities detected by karyotyping or fluorescence in situ hybridization, these leukemias/lymphomas are characterized by a variety of mutations, gene rearrangements as well as copy number alterations. This is particularly true in the case of Philadelphia-like (Ph-like) ALL, a major subset which has the same gene expression signature as Philadelphia chromosome-positive ALL but lacks BCR-ABL1 translocation. Ph-like ALL is associated with a worse prognosis and hence its detection is critical. However, techniques to detect this entity are complex and are not widely available. This chapter discusses various subsets of ALL and describes our approach to the accurate classification and prognostication of these cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Afkhami
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA.
| | - Feras Ally
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
| | - Raju K Pillai
- City of Hope Medical Center, 1500 E Duarte Rd., Duarte, CA, 91010, USA
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22
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Gonzalez-Sanchez L, Cobos-Fernandez MA, Lopez-Nieva P, Villa-Morales M, Stamatakis K, Cuezva JM, Marin-Rubio JL, Vazquez-Dominguez I, Gonzalez-Vasconcellos I, Salido E, Llamas P, Lopez-Lorenzo JL, Santos J, Fernandez-Piqueras J. Exploiting the passenger ACO1-deficiency arising from 9p21 deletions to kill T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cells. Carcinogenesis 2021; 41:1113-1122. [PMID: 31734690 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasms are aggressive malignancies in need for more effective and specific therapeutic treatments. A significant fraction of these neoplasms harbor deletions on the locus 9p21, targeting the tumor suppressor CDKN2A but also deleting the aconitase 1 (ACO1) gene, a neighboring housekeeping gene involved in cytoplasm and mitochondrial metabolism. Here we show that reducing the aconitase activity with fluorocitrate decreases the viability of T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cells in correlation to the differential aconitase expression. The consequences of the treatment were evidenced in vitro using T-cell lymphoblastic neoplasia cell lines exhibiting 9p21 deletions and variable levels of ACO1 expression or activity. Similar results were observed in melanoma cell lines, suggesting a true potential for fluorocitrate in different cancer types. Notably, ectopic expression of ACO1 alleviated the susceptibility of cell lines to fluorocitrate and, conversely, knockdown experiments increased susceptibility of resistant cell lines. These findings were confirmed in vivo on athymic nude mice by using tumor xenografts derived from two T-cell lines with different levels of ACO1. Taken together, our results indicate that the non-targeted ACO1 deficiency induced by common deletions exerts a collateral cellular lethality that can be used as a novel therapeutic strategy in the treatment of several types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Gonzalez-Sanchez
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria A Cobos-Fernandez
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Lopez-Nieva
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Villa-Morales
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Konstantinos Stamatakis
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose M Cuezva
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Cancer, Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Marin-Rubio
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Vazquez-Dominguez
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Iria Gonzalez-Vasconcellos
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduardo Salido
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, ITB, Universidad de La Laguna, La Cuesta, Spain
| | - Pilar Llamas
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose L Lopez-Lorenzo
- Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Santos
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose Fernandez-Piqueras
- Department of Genome Dynamics and Function, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CBMSO), Madrid, Spain.,Division of Hematology and Hemotherapy, IIS Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain.,Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
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23
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Arslan S, Pullarkat V, Aldoss I. Indications for Allogeneic HCT in Adults with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in First Complete Remission. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2021; 22:63. [PMID: 34097131 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-021-00860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults is associated with poor outcomes as compared to children when treated with chemotherapy, leading to a considerably inferior cure rate. Historically, consolidation with allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (alloHCT) was routinely recommended for eligible adults with ALL in first complete remission (CR1) if a donor was available, since randomized studies showed superiority over continuing chemotherapy. With the increasing use of pediatric-inspired frontline regimens in young adults with ALL and the availability of novel salvage agents for relapsed/refractory B-cell ALL that have high potential in inducing a second CR, the role of early alloHCT in the treatment paradigm for ALL needs to be reevaluated, and the decision should be individualized for each patient. Simultaneously, alloHCT has evolved considerably lately, and historical randomized studies that have proven the benefit of alloHCT in adults with ALL in CR1 did not included the increasing use of reduced intensity conditioning and haploidentical transplants, and therefore, data may not entirely apply. Nowadays, detectable minimal residual disease (MRD) is the most prognostic determinant of ALL outcome and should be a major consideration in the decision to perform alloHcT in CR1. Nonetheless, other biological and clinical factors remain relevant and can support the complex decision-making. Such factors include high-risk leukemia genetics, the type of administered chemotherapy regimen and the ability of the patient to tolerate all key components of the regimen, and the availability of effective salvage therapies that allow alloHCT to be performed in CR2 in case of relapse after chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukaib Arslan
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Vinod Pullarkat
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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24
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Frater JL. T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia: Review of an entity and its differential diagnostic considerations. Int J Lab Hematol 2021; 42 Suppl 1:90-98. [PMID: 32543075 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia (T-PLL) is a rare T-cell leukemia characterized in many patients by marked peripheral lymphocytosis, prominent splenomegaly, and skin lesions. The differential diagnosis is broad and includes other T-cell disorders presenting with similar clinical findings. This review addresses (a) the natural history, demographics, and genetic features of T-PLL; (b) clinical and pathologic differential diagnostic considerations; and (c) recent developments in the T-PLL literature relevant to laboratory professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Frater
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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25
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Borthakur G, Martinelli G, Raffoux E, Chevallier P, Chromik J, Lithio A, Smith CL, Yuen E, Oakley GJ, Benhadji KA, DeAngelo DJ. Phase 1 study to evaluate Crenigacestat (LY3039478) in combination with dexamethasone in patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and lymphoma. Cancer 2020; 127:372-380. [PMID: 33107983 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.33188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deregulated Notch signaling is implicated in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)/T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL). Crenigacestat (LY3039478) prevents cleavage of Notch proteins and may benefit patients with relapsed/refractory T-ALL/T-LBL. METHODS JJCB was a multicenter, nonrandomized, open-label, dose-escalation, phase 1 study in adult patients with relapsed/refractory T-ALL/T-LBL. Eligible patients received Crenigacestat orally 3 times per week plus dexamethasone at 24 mg twice daily on days 1 to 5 every other week in a 28-day cycle. The starting level of Crenigacestat was 50 mg, and dose escalation was performed with a modified 3+3 scheme for the estimation of dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) at the recommended dose level. RESULTS In total, 36 patients with T-ALL (n = 31 [86.1%]) or T-LBL (n = 5 [13.9%]) were treated with Crenigacestat and dexamethasone. Six patients (16.7%) experienced DLTs: 2 of 12 (16.7%) in the 75-mg cohort (grade 4 gastrointestinal hemorrhage and grade 3 nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea), 1 of 15 (6.7%) in the 100-mg cohort (grade 3 diarrhea), and 3 of 3 (100%) in the 125-mg cohort (grade 3 diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting). The maximum tolerated dosewas 75 mg plus 24 mg of dexamethasone daily on days 1 to 5. Twenty-eight patients (77.8%) experienced 1 or more treatment-emergent adverse events related to the study treatment. The best overall response was a confirmed response, with 1 patient (2.8%) having a duration of response of 10.51 months. Six patients (16.7%) achieved stable disease, and 12 patients (33.3%) experienced progressive disease. The remaining 17 patients (47.2%) were not evaluable. The median event-free survival was 1.18 months (95% confidence interval, 0.76-2.14 months) among all groups. A pharmacodynamic analysis showed decreased plasma amyloid β levels. CONCLUSIONS Crenigacestat demonstrated limited clinical activity at the recommended dose in adult patients with relapsed/refractory T-ALL/T-LBL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Borthakur
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- Department of Specialized, Diagnostic, and Experimental Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Patrice Chevallier
- Central University Research Hospital (CHRU) De Nantes, Hotel-Dieu, Nantes, France
| | - Jörg Chromik
- University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Eunice Yuen
- Eli Lilly and Company, Surrey, United Kingdom
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26
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox genes HMX2 and HMX3 interferes with cell differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0240120. [PMID: 33048949 PMCID: PMC7553312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0240120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The NKL-code describes normal expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in hematopoiesis. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox gene subclass members have been reported in several hematopoietic malignancies including acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Here, we analyzed the oncogenic role of the HMX-group of NKL homeobox genes in AML. Public expression profiling data–available for HMX1 and HMX2—indicate aberrant activity of HMX2 in circa 2% AML patients overall, rising to 31% in those with KMT2A/MLL rearrangements whereas HMX1 expression remains inconspicuous. AML cell lines EOL-1, MV4-11 and MOLM-13 expressed both, HMX2 and neighboring HMX3 genes, and harbored KMT2A aberrations, suggesting their potential functional association. Surprisingly, knockdown experiments in these cell lines demonstrated that KMT2A inhibited HMX2/3 which, in turn, did not regulate KMT2A expression. Furthermore, karyotyping and genomic profiling analysis excluded rearrangements of the HMX2/3 locus in these cell lines. However, comparative expression profiling and subsequent functional analyses revealed that IRF8, IL7- and WNT-signalling activated HMX2/3 expression while TNFa/NFkB- signalling proved inhibitory. Whole genome sequencing of EOL-1 identified two mutations in the regulatory upstream regions of HMX2/3 resulting in generation of a consensus ETS-site and transformation of a former NFkB-site into an SP1-site. Reporter-gene assays demonstrated that both mutations contributed to HMX2/3 activation, modifying ETS1/ELK1- and TNFalpha-mediated gene regulation. Moreover, DMSO-induced eosinophilic differentiation of EOL-1 cells coincided with HMX2/3 downregulation while knockdown of HMX2 induced cell differentiation, collectively supporting a fundamental role for these genes in myeloid differentiation arrest. Finally, target genes of HMX2/3 were identified in EOL-1 and included suppression of differentiation gene EPX, and activation of fusion gene FIP1L1-PDGFRA and receptor-encoding gene HTR7, both of which enhanced oncogenic ERK-signalling. Taken together, our study documents a leukemic role for deregulated NKL homeobox genes HMX2 and HMX3 in AML, revealing molecular mechanisms of myeloid differentiation arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A. F. MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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27
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Patel AA, Thomas J, Rojek AE, Stock W. Biology and Treatment Paradigms in T Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in Older Adolescents and Adults. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2020; 21:57. [PMID: 32468488 DOI: 10.1007/s11864-020-00757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OPINION STATEMENT T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) occurs in approximately 25-30% of adult ALL diagnoses. Historically, B cell ALL (B-ALL) and T-ALL have been treated in the same fashion despite differences in the biology of disease. Outcomes in the adolescent/young adult (AYA) population have improved significantly with the utilization of pediatric-based regimens. In addition, there may now be a role for the addition of nelarabine to frontline treatment in the AYA population. In older adults, choices in which regimen to pursue should account for the potential toxicities associated with pediatric-based regimens. Measurable residual disease (MRD) has taken on increasing prognostic value in T-ALL and may help to identify which patients should receive an allogeneic stem cell transplant. T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) has traditionally been treated similarly to T-ALL, but additional management questions must be considered. Mediastinal irradiation does not seem to clearly improve outcomes, and there is considerable heterogeneity in the central nervous system (CNS) prophylaxis strategy used in prospective trials. CNS prophylaxis in AYA patients with T-ALL, on the other hand, can be safely achieved with intrathecal chemotherapy alone. Prospective data regarding CNS prophylaxis strategies in older adults are currently not available. Nelarabine-based regimens currently remain the standard in relapsed/refractory T-ALL; however, novel therapies targeting molecular aberrations in T-ALL are actively being investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anand A Patel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Joseph Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Wendy Stock
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, The University of Chicago Medicine, 5841 S. Maryland Avenue, MC 2115, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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28
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Bhatia P, Totadri S, Singh M, Sharma P, Trehan A, Bansal D, Jain R, Varma N, Sachdeva MS, Patra N. PEST domain NOTCH mutations confer a poor relapse free survival in pediatric T-ALL: Data from a tertiary care centre in India. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2020; 82:102419. [PMID: 32179411 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2020.102419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A comprehensive genotype-phenotype analysis of pediatric T-ALL data was performed. 33 confirmed pediatric (≤12 y) T-ALL samples were evaluated for oncogenic transcripts: TLX-1, TLX-3, common fusion of STIL-TAL1, NOTCH1 mutations and copy number variations (CNVs). Mean WBC was 235.69 × 103/μL. TLX1 and TLX-3 overexpression detected in 1 (3%) and 7 (21%) patients and STIL-TAL1 in 8 (27%). NOTCH1 mutations were noted in 17 (52%), of which 12 (71%) in HD domain and 6 (35%) in PEST domain (including one case with mutations in all three domains). Commonest CNVs were CDKN2A (85%) and CDKN2B (75%). Relapse occurred in 8 (24%) patients. The median follow-up was 15 months (range: 0.5-36). Bulky liver (p = 0.025), day 35 marrow (p = 0.004) and NOTCH mutation (p = 0.046) were predictive of time to an event. RFS was significantly poor for cases with PEST Vs. HD domain mutations (50% Vs. 85%) (p = 0.0009). Though cases with PEST domain NOTCH mutations had poor RFS, the OS was not influenced by NOTCH mutation positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prateek Bhatia
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | - Sidharth Totadri
- Dept. of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - Minu Singh
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Praveen Sharma
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Amita Trehan
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Bansal
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Richa Jain
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Neelam Varma
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Manupdesh S Sachdeva
- Dept. of Hematology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Nilamani Patra
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Unit, Dept. of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Kong Y, Zhao S, Tian H, Hai Y. GAS2 Promotes Cell Proliferation and Invasion and Suppresses Apoptosis in Pediatric T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Activates Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:1099-1108. [PMID: 32103979 PMCID: PMC7008185 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s236854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to investigate the effect of growth arrest specific 2 (GAS2) on T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and its potential molecular mechanism. Methods The GAS2 expression level was detected by qRT-RCR and Western blot in normal T lymphocytes and T-ALL cells Jurkat and CCRF-CEM. The proliferation and invasion of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells were detected by MTT and Transwell assay, respectively. Apoptosis and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry. In addition, the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells was measured MTT assay and flow cytometry. Results GAS2 was highly expressed in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. GAS2 could promote cell proliferation and invasion, and inhibit apoptosis of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. GAS2 also promoted cell cycle changes from G0/G1 phase to S phase in Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. In addition, GAS2 could reduce the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of Jurkat and CCRF-CEM cells. GAS2 overexpression could promote the expression levels of ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), Bcl-2, c-myc, cyclin D1 and β-catenin, while GAS2 knockdown could inhibit their expression levels. Meanwhile, GAS2 overexpression could inhibit Bax expression. Moreover, Wnt/β-catenin pathway inhibitor XAV939 could inhibit the expressions of c-myc, cyclin D1 and β-catenin, but activator LiCl could promote their expression. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that GAS2 could promote cell proliferation and invasion, and induce cell cycle, as well as inhibit apoptosis and could activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in T-ALL cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Kong
- Clinical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouyong Zhao
- Clinical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hurong Tian
- Clinical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province 252000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Hai
- Clinical Lab, Liaocheng People's Hospital, Liaocheng City, Shandong Province 252000, People's Republic of China
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Correia NC, Barata JT. MicroRNAs and their involvement in T-ALL: A brief overview. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100650. [PMID: 31548132 PMCID: PMC6899521 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive malignancy in which the transformed clone is arrested during T-cell development. Several genetic and epigenetic events have been implicated in this transformation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that primarily function as endogenous translational repressors of protein-coding genes. The involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of cancer progression is well-established, namely by down-regulating the expression of key oncogenes or tumor suppressors and thereby preventing or promoting tumorigenesis, respectively. Similar to other cancers, several miRNA genes have been identified and implicated in the context of T-ALL. In this review we focused on the most studied microRNAs associated with T-ALL pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nádia C Correia
- Division of Stem Cells and Cancer, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Heidelberg Institute for Stem Cell Technology and Experimental Medicine (HI-STEM gGmbH), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - João T Barata
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
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31
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Wang L, Sui M, Wang X. miR‑338‑3p suppresses the malignancy of T‑cell lymphoblastic lymphoma by downregulating HOXA3. Mol Med Rep 2019; 20:2127-2134. [PMID: 31322185 PMCID: PMC6691266 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.10451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) is an aggressive malignancy with poor prognosis due to frequent relapses. Previous studies have reported an association of the disease with abnormal chromosomal rearrangements, DNA copy number alterations and mutations in critical signaling factors, such as those in the Notch1 pathway; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of the disease remain unclear, limiting the development of novel therapies. In the present study, gene expression was detected by qPCR and western blot analysis. Diagnostic analysis was performed by ROC curve. Cell proliferation, invasion and migration were analyzed by cell proliferation and Transwell assays. Gene interactions were analyzed using luciferase reporter assay. In the present study, it was observed that the expression levels of microRNA-338-3p (miR-338-3p) were reduced in patient lymphoma tissues and a T-LBL cell line. Upregulation of its expression inhibited the migration and proliferation of cultured T-LBL cells. Bioinformatics analysis of putative target mRNAs of miR-338-3p identified a direct binding site in the 3′-untranslated of homeobox A3 (HOXA3). The levels of HOXA3 mRNA and protein were associated with those of miR-338-3p, and overexpression of HOXA3 promoted the malignant phenotype of T-LBL cells. The results suggested that miR-338-3p may suppress the development of T-LBL via the downregulation of oncogenic factors, such as HOXA3. The findings indicated that further investigation into miR-338-3p and the HOXA3 regulatory network may aid the development of novel therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wang
- Department of Hematology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Sui
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Xiuli Wang
- Department of Gynecology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
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32
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, MacLeod RAF, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Fähnrich S, Drexler HG. Deregulated expression of NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphomas. Oncotarget 2019; 10:3227-3247. [PMID: 31143370 PMCID: PMC6524933 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we have presented a scheme, termed "NKL-code", which describes physiological expression patterns of NKL homeobox genes in early hematopoiesis and in lymphopoiesis including main stages of T-, B- and NK-cell development. Aberrant activity of these genes underlies the generation of hematological malignancies notably T-cell leukemia. Here, we searched for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in main entities of T-cell lymphomas comprising angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL), anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL), adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma (HSTL), NK/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) and peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). Our data revealed altogether 19 aberrantly overexpressed genes in these types, demonstrating deregulated NKL homeobox genes involvement in T-cell lymphomas as well. For detailed analysis we focused on NKL homeobox gene MSX1 which is normally expressed in NK-cells. MSX1 was overexpressed in subsets of HSTL patients and HSTL-derived sister cell lines DERL-2 and DERL-7 which served as models to characterize mechanisms of deregulation. We performed karyotyping, genomic and expression profiling, and whole genome sequencing to reveal mutated and deregulated gene candidates, including the fusion gene CD53-PDGFRB. Subsequent knockdown experiments allowed the reconstruction of an aberrant network involved in MSX1 deregulation, including chromatin factors AUTS2 and mutated histone HIST1H3B(K27M). The gene encoding AUTS2 is located at chromosome 7q11 and may represent a basic target of the HSTL hallmark aberration i(7q). Taken together, our findings highlight an oncogenic role for deregulated NKL homeobox genes in T-cell lymphoma and identify MSX1 as a novel player in HSTL, implicated in aberrant NK- and T-cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A F MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Silke Fähnrich
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Rack KA, van den Berg E, Haferlach C, Beverloo HB, Costa D, Espinet B, Foot N, Jeffries S, Martin K, O'Connor S, Schoumans J, Talley P, Telford N, Stioui S, Zemanova Z, Hastings RJ. European recommendations and quality assurance for cytogenomic analysis of haematological neoplasms. Leukemia 2019; 33:1851-1867. [PMID: 30696948 PMCID: PMC6756035 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cytogenomic investigations of haematological neoplasms, including chromosome banding analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) and microarray analyses have become increasingly important in the clinical management of patients with haematological neoplasms. The widespread implementation of these techniques in genetic diagnostics has highlighted the need for guidance on the essential criteria to follow when providing cytogenomic testing, regardless of choice of methodology. These recommendations provide an updated, practical and easily available document that will assist laboratories in the choice of testing and methodology enabling them to operate within acceptable standards and maintain a quality service.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Rack
- GenQA, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - E van den Berg
- Department of Genetics University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C Haferlach
- MLL-Munich Leukemia Laboratory, Munich, Germany
| | - H B Beverloo
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University medical center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Costa
- Hematopathology Section, Hospital Clinic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Espinet
- Laboratori de Citogenètica Molecular, Servei de Patologia, Grup de Recerca,Translacional en Neoplàsies Hematològiques, Cancer Research Program, imim-Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain
| | - N Foot
- Viapath Genetics laboratories, Guys Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Jeffries
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - K Martin
- Department of Cytogenetics, Nottingham University Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - S O'Connor
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - J Schoumans
- Oncogénomique laboratory, Hematology department, Lausanne University Hospital, Vaudois, Switzerland
| | - P Talley
- Haematological Malignancy Diagnostic Service, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - N Telford
- Oncology Cytogenetics Service, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - S Stioui
- Laboratorio di Citogenetica e genetica moleculaire, Laboratorio Analisi, Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Z Zemanova
- Prague Center of Oncocytogenetics, Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - R J Hastings
- GenQA, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK.
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NKL homeobox gene NKX2-2 is aberrantly expressed in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:37480-37496. [PMID: 30680064 PMCID: PMC6331023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes encode basic transcriptional regulators of cell and tissue differentiation. Recently, we described a hematopoietic NKL-code comprising nine specific NKL homeobox genes expressed in normal hematopoietic stem cells, lymphoid progenitors and during lymphopoiesis, highlighting their physiological role in the development of T-, B- and NK-cells. Here, we identified aberrant expression of the non-hematopoietic neural NKL homeobox gene NKX2-2 in about 12% of both, classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and nodular lymphocyte predominant (NLP) HL patients. The NKX2-2 expressing NLPHL-derived cell line DEV served as a model by analysing chromosomal configurations and expression profiling data to reveal activating mechanisms and downstream targets of this developmental regulator. While excluding chromosomal rearrangements at the locus of NKX2-2 we identified t(3;14)(p21;q32) resulting in overexpression of the IL17 receptor gene IL17RB via juxtaposition with the IGH-locus. SiRNA-mediated knockdown experiments demonstrated that IL17RB activated NKX2-2 transcription. Overexpression of IL17RB-cofactor DAZAP2 via chromosomal gain of 12q13 and deletion of its proteasomal inhibitor SMURF2 at 17q24 supported expression of NKX2-2. IL17RB activated transcription factors FLI1 and FOXG1 which in turn mediated NKX2-2 expression. In addition, overexpressed chromatin-modulator AUTS2 contributed to NKX2-2 activation as well. Downstream analyses indicated that NKX2-2 inhibits transcription of lymphoid NKL homeobox gene MSX1 and activates expression of basic helix-loop-helix factor NEUROD1 which may disturb B-cell differentiation processes via reported interaction with TCF3/E2A. Taken together, our data reveal ectopic activation of a neural gene network in HL placing NKX2-2 at its hub, highlighting a novel oncogenic impact of NKL homeobox genes in B-cell malignancies.
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35
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Haider Z, Larsson P, Landfors M, Köhn L, Schmiegelow K, Flaegstad T, Kanerva J, Heyman M, Hultdin M, Degerman S. An integrated transcriptome analysis in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia links DNA methylation subgroups to dysregulated TAL1 and ANTP homeobox gene expression. Cancer Med 2018; 8:311-324. [PMID: 30575306 PMCID: PMC6346238 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Classification of pediatric T‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T‐ALL) patients into CIMP (CpG Island Methylator Phenotype) subgroups has the potential to improve current risk stratification. To investigate the biology behind these CIMP subgroups, diagnostic samples from Nordic pediatric T‐ALL patients were characterized by genome‐wide methylation arrays, followed by targeted exome sequencing, telomere length measurement, and RNA sequencing. The CIMP subgroups did not correlate significantly with variations in epigenetic regulators. However, the CIMP+ subgroup, associated with better prognosis, showed indicators of longer replicative history, including shorter telomere length (P = 0.015) and older epigenetic (P < 0.001) and mitotic age (P < 0.001). Moreover, the CIMP+ subgroup had significantly higher expression of ANTP homeobox oncogenes, namely TLX3, HOXA9, HOXA10, and NKX2‐1, and novel genes in T‐ALL biology including PLCB4, PLXND1, and MYO18B. The CIMP− subgroup, with worse prognosis, was associated with higher expression of TAL1 along with frequent STIL‐TAL1 fusions (2/40 in CIMP+ vs 11/24 in CIMP−), as well as stronger expression of BEX1. Altogether, our findings suggest different routes for leukemogenic transformation in the T‐ALL CIMP subgroups, indicated by different replicative histories and distinct methylomic and transcriptomic profiles. These novel findings can lead to new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Haider
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Larsson
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mattias Landfors
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Linda Köhn
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Trond Flaegstad
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jukka Kanerva
- Children's Hospital, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mats Heyman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Hultdin
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Sofie Degerman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Ranjbar R, Karimian A, Aghaie Fard A, Tourani M, Majidinia M, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Yousefi B. The importance of miRNAs and epigenetics in acute lymphoblastic leukemia prognosis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:3216-3230. [PMID: 29384211 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), one of the most common malignant human disorders, originates in different important genetic lesions in T-cell or B-cell progenitors. ALL is a malignant lymphoid progenitor with peak prevalence in children (2-5 years). The rate of survival when one is suffering from ALL depends on various agents including the age of the patient, responses to anti-leukemic therapy, and cell biology. miRNAs and epigenetics are important regulatory factors in the expression of genes. miRNAs are noncoding RNA with inhibitory effectors on specific mRNA. Patterns of DNA methylation are profoundly changed in ALL by epigenetic mechanisms. The deciphering of miRNA and the epigenetic pathogenesis in ALL could revolutionize response to the therapy and outcome, and create an enormous promise for novel approaches to reduce the toxic side-effects of intensive leukemia. Hence, pathogenetic miRNAs and epigenetics leading to the initiation and the progression of ALL are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Ranjbar
- Molecular Biology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ansar Karimian
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Cancer & Immunology Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Arad Aghaie Fard
- Faculty of Medical Science, Department of Hematology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Tourani
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | | | - Bahman Yousefi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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37
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Wan TSK, Hui EKC, Ng MHL. Significance of Cytogenetics in Leukemia Diagnostics. CURRENT GENETIC MEDICINE REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40142-018-0147-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Peterson JF, Baughn LB, Pearce KE, Williamson CM, Benevides Demasi JC, Olson RM, Goble TA, Meyer RG, Greipp PT, Ketterling RP. KMT2A (MLL) rearrangements observed in pediatric/young adult T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: A 10-year review from a single cytogenetic laboratory. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 57:541-546. [PMID: 30203571 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (T-ALL/LBL) accounts for approximately 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. While the underlying frequency of KMT2A (MLL) gene rearrangements has been identified in approximately 4-8% of T-ALL/LBL cases, a paucity of literature is available to characterize further the KMT2A rearrangements in pediatric/young adult T-ALL/LBL. A 10-year retrospective review was performed to identify KMT2A rearrangements in specimens sent for T-ALL/LBL fluorescence in situ hybridization studies in patients under the age of 30 years. Of 806 T-ALL/LBL FISH studies performed on unique individuals, 27 (3.3%) harbored KMT2A rearrangements. Nineteen patients were male and eight were female (M:F ratio, 2.4:1) with ages ranging from 1 to 20 years (mean 12, median 12). Of the 27 cases, nine (33%) had KMT2A/MLLT1 fusions, eight (30%) had KMT2A/AFDN fusions, two (7%) had KMT2A/ELL fusions, and one (4%) had a KMT2A/MLLT10 fusion. In addition, five (19%) had KMT2A rearrangements with unidentified gene fusion partners and two (7%) had 3'KMT2A deletions. Our results indicate that MLLT1 and AFDN account for the majority (63%) of KMT2A gene partners in pediatric/young adult T-ALL/LBL, while no KMT2A/AFF1 or KMT2A/MLLT3 fusions were observed despite their common identification in B-ALL and acute myeloid leukemia, respectively. In addition to diagnostic and prognostic value, detecting specific KMT2A fusions may also be of clinical importance in the era of targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jess F Peterson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Linda B Baughn
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Kathryn E Pearce
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cynthia M Williamson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jonna C Benevides Demasi
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Renee M Olson
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Tony A Goble
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Reid G Meyer
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Patricia T Greipp
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Rhett P Ketterling
- Division of Laboratory Genetics and Genomics, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
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Nagel S, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, Zaborski M, MacLeod RAF, Drexler HG. Aberrant activity of NKL homeobox gene NKX3-2 in a T-ALL subset. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197194. [PMID: 29746601 PMCID: PMC5944955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a hematopoietic malignancy originating from T-cell progenitors in which differentiation is blocked at early stages. Physiological expression of specific NKL homeobox genes obeys a hematopoietic NKL-code implicated in the process of lymphopoiesis while in differentiated T-cells these genes are silenced. We propose that this developmental expression pattern underlies the observation that NKL homeobox genes are the most ubiquitous group of transcription factors deregulated in T-ALL, including TLX1, TLX3, NKX2-5 and NKX3-1. Here, we describe a novel member of the NKL homeobox gene subclass, NKX3-2 (BAPX1), which is aberrantly activated in 18% of pediatric T-ALL patients analyzed while being normally expressed in developing spleen. Identification of NKX3-2 expression in T-ALL cell line CCRF-CEM qualified these cells to model its deregulation and function in a leukemic context. Genomic and chromosomal analyses demonstrated normal configuration of the NKX3-2 locus at chromosome 4p15, thus excluding cytogenetic dysregulation. Comparative expression profiling analysis of NKX3-2 patient data revealed deregulated activity of BMP- and MAPK-signalling. These candidate pathways were experimentally confirmed to mediate aberrant NKX3-2 expression. We also show that homeobox gene SIX6, plus MIR17HG and GATA3 are downstream targets of NKX3-2 and plausibly contribute to the pathogenesis of this malignancy by suppressing T-cell differentiation. Finally, NKL homeobox gene NKX2-5 was activated by NKX3-2 in CCRF-CEM and by FOXG1 in PEER, representing mutually inhibitory activators of this translocated oncogene. Together, our findings reveal a novel oncogenic NKL homeobox gene subclass member which is aberrantly expressed in a large subset of T-ALL patients and participates in a deregulated gene network likely to arise in developing spleen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Margarete Zaborski
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A. F. MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ—German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Histone deacetylase 6 controls Notch3 trafficking and degradation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells. Oncogene 2018; 37:3839-3851. [PMID: 29643474 PMCID: PMC6041259 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0234-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Several studies have revealed that endosomal sorting controls the steady-state levels of Notch at the cell surface in normal cells and prevents its inappropriate activation in the absence of ligands. However, whether this highly dynamic physiologic process can be exploited to counteract dysregulated Notch signaling in cancer cells remains unknown. T-ALL is a malignancy characterized by aberrant Notch signaling, sustained by activating mutations in Notch1 as well as overexpression of Notch3, a Notch paralog physiologically subjected to lysosome-dependent degradation in human cancer cells. Here we show that treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor Trichostatin A (TSA) strongly decreases Notch3 full-length protein levels in T-ALL cell lines and primary human T-ALL cells xenografted in mice without substantially reducing NOTCH3 mRNA levels. Moreover, TSA markedly reduced the levels of Notch target genes, including pTα, CR2, and DTX-1, and induced apoptosis of T-ALL cells. We further observed that Notch3 was post-translationally regulated following TSA treatment, with reduced Notch3 surface levels and increased accumulation of Notch3 protein in the lysosomal compartment. Surface Notch3 levels were rescued by inhibition of dynein with ciliobrevin D. Pharmacologic studies with HDAC1, 6, and 8-specific inhibitors disclosed that these effects were largely due to inhibition of HDAC6 in T-ALL cells. HDAC6 silencing by specific shRNA was followed by reduced Notch3 expression and increased apoptosis of T-ALL cells. Finally, HDAC6 silencing impaired leukemia outgrowth in mice, associated with reduction of Notch3 full-length protein in vivo. These results connect HDAC6 activity to regulation of total and surface Notch3 levels and suggest HDAC6 as a potential novel therapeutic target to lower Notch signaling in T-ALL and other Notch3-addicted tumors.
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Nagel S, Pommerenke C, Meyer C, Kaufmann M, MacLeod RA, Drexler HG. Aberrant expression of NKL homeobox gene HLX in Hodgkin lymphoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:14338-14353. [PMID: 29581848 PMCID: PMC5865674 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
NKL homeobox genes are basic regulators of cell and tissue differentiation, many acting as oncogenes in T-cell leukemia. Recently, we described an hematopoietic NKL-code comprising six particular NKL homeobox genes expressed in hematopoietic stem cells and lymphoid progenitors, unmasking their physiological roles in the development of these cell types. Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell malignancy showing aberrant activity of several developmental genes resulting in disturbed B-cell differentiation. To examine potential concordances in abnormal lymphoid differentiation of T- and B-cell malignancies we analyzed the expression of the hematopoietic NKL-code associated genes in HL, comprising HHEX, HLX, MSX1, NKX2-3, NKX3-1 and NKX6-3. Our approach revealed aberrant HLX activity in 8 % of classical HL patients and additionally in HL cell line L-540. Accordingly, to identify upstream regulators and downstream target genes of HLX we used L-540 cells as a model and performed chromosome and genome analyses, comparative expression profiling and functional assays via knockdown and overexpression experiments therein. These investigations excluded chromosomal rearrangements of the HLX locus at 1q41 and demonstrated that STAT3 operated directly as transcriptional activator of the HLX gene. Moreover, subcellular analyses showed highly enriched STAT3 protein in the nucleus of L-540 cells which underwent cytoplasmic translocation by repressing deacetylation. Finally, HLX inhibited transcription of B-cell differentiation factors MSX1, BCL11A and SPIB and of pro-apoptotic factor BCL2L11/BIM, thereby suppressing Etoposide-induced cell death. Collectively, we propose that aberrantly expressed NKL homeobox gene HLX is part of a pathological gene network in HL, driving deregulated B-cell differentiation and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Nagel
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Claudia Pommerenke
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Corinna Meyer
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Maren Kaufmann
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Roderick A.F. MacLeod
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Hans G. Drexler
- Department of Human and Animal Cell Lines, Leibniz-Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Braunschweig, Germany
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Gupta R, Harankhedkar S, Rahman K, Singh MK, Chandra D, Mittal N, Gupta A, Nityanand S. Prevalence of Chromosome 7 Abnormalities in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Single Center Study and Brief Literature Review. Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus 2018; 34:602-611. [PMID: 30369728 DOI: 10.1007/s12288-018-0941-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 7 abnormalities in patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) heralds a poor prognosis. However its prevalence, morphological characteristics and clinical impact in MDS and AML in Indian subcontinent is sparsely reported. This was an observational cross-sectional study performed to evaluate the clinico-pathological profiles of MDS/AML patients with chromosome 7 abnormalities over a period of 4 years. 724 cases of MDS (n = 150) and AML (n = 574) were evaluated. Abnormal karyotype was detected in 49% (43/88) patients of MDS and 44% (127/289) cases of AML. Chromosome 7 abnormalities were detected in 18% cases of MDS (16/88) and 6.5% (19/289) cases of AML. Sole chromosome 7 abnormalities were detected in 5.7% (5/88) and 2.7% (8/289) and in adjunct to complex abnormalities in 7.9 and 3.1% cases of MDS and AML respectively. Morphologically, dyserythropoiesis, dysmyelopoiesis and eosinophilia were seen in 100, 66 and 56% cases of MDS and 38, 40 and 21% cases of AML. Majority of the patients had an aggressive natural course and outcome was dismal. Chromosome 7 abnormalities are strongly associated with the presence of morphological dysplasia and eosinophilia, irrespective of the type of aberration. It is invariably associated with very poor outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Gupta
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Shivangi Harankhedkar
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Khaliqur Rahman
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Manish K Singh
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Dinesh Chandra
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Navkirti Mittal
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Anshul Gupta
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Department of Hematology, I Block, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Raibareily Road, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226014 India
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Deregulation of polycomb repressor complex 1 modifier AUTS2 in T-cell leukemia. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45398-45413. [PMID: 27322685 PMCID: PMC5216730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, we identified deregulated expression of the B-cell specific transcription factor MEF2C in T-cell acute lymphoid leukemia (T-ALL). Here, we performed sequence analysis of a regulatory upstream section of MEF2C in T-ALL cell lines which, however, proved devoid of mutations. Unexpectedly, we found strong conservation between the regulatory upstream region of MEF2C (located at chromosomal band 5q14) and an intergenic stretch at 7q11 located between STAG3L4 and AUTS2, covering nearly 20 kb. While the non-coding gene STAG3L4 was inconspicuously expressed, AUTS2 was aberrantly upregulated in 6% of T-ALL patients (public dataset GSE42038) and in 3/24 T-ALL cell lines, two of which represented very immature differentiation stages. AUTS2 expression was higher in normal B-cells than in T-cells, indicating lineage-specific activity in lymphopoiesis. While excluding chromosomal aberrations, examinations of AUTS2 transcriptional regulation in T-ALL cells revealed activation by IL7-IL7R-STAT5-signalling and MEF2C. AUTS2 protein has been shown to interact with polycomb repressor complex 1 subtype 5 (PRC1.5), transforming this particular complex into an activator. Accordingly, expression profiling and functional analyses demonstrated that AUTS2 activated while PCGF5 repressed transcription of NKL homeobox gene MSX1 in T-ALL cells. Forced expression and pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 in addition to H3K27me3 analysis indicated that PRC2 repressed MSX1 as well. Taken together, we found that AUTS2 and MEF2C, despite lying on different chromosomes, share strikingly similar regulatory upstream regions and aberrant expression in T-ALL subsets. Our data implicate chromatin complexes PRC1/AUTS2 and PRC2 in a gene network in T-ALL regulating early lymphoid differentiation.
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Moharram SA, Shah K, Kazi JU. T-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells Display Activation of Different Survival Pathways. J Cancer 2017; 8:4124. [PMID: 29187889 PMCID: PMC5706016 DOI: 10.7150/jca.21725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is a disease of the blood affecting T-lymphocytes. Although notable improvements have been achieved in T-ALL treatment, half of the adult T-ALL patients still experience treatment failure. In order to develop a targeted therapy, we need a better understanding of T-ALL pathogenesis. In this study, we used patient-derived cell lines which display resistance to glucocorticoids. We observed that different cell lines are dependent on different survival signaling pathways. Aberrant activation of AKT, p38, S6K or ERK signaling was not found to the same degree in all cell lines studied. To understand the molecular differences in T-ALL cells, we compared gene expression and somatic mutations. Gene set enrichment analysis showed enrichment of the mTORC1, MAPK or TGF-beta signaling pathways. Loss-of-function mutations in the TP53 and FBXW7 genes were identified in all cell lines investigated. Thus, we suggest that T-ALL cells from different patients are addicted to different mutations and thereby to different signaling pathways. Therefore, understanding the enrichment of molecular pathways for each individual patient will provide us with a more precise and specific treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sausan A Moharram
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kinjal Shah
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Julhash U Kazi
- Division of Translational Cancer Research, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund Stem Cell Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Koka R, Bade NA, Sausville EA, Ning Y, Zou Y. Unique amplification of BCR-ABL1 gene fusion in a case of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Cytogenet 2017; 10:39. [PMID: 29093755 PMCID: PMC5658965 DOI: 10.1186/s13039-017-0340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ABL1 gene translocations can be seen in precursor T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). The typical translocation partner is the NUP214 gene. BCR-ABL translocations are relatively rare in this entity. Furthermore, while there have been unique patterns of amplification noted among the NUP214-ABL fusion genes, there have been few such reports among cases with BCR-ABL fusion genes. Case presentation Here we report a unique case of a 44-year old patient with T-ALL in which the blasts demonstrated a derivative chromosome 9 involving a 9;22 translocation and a dicentric Philadelphia chromosome 22 with a homogeneously staining region at the interface of the 9;22 translocation, leading to BCR-ABL1 gene amplification. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) showed abnormal BCR/ABL1 fusions with the BCR-ABL1 gene amplification in 48% of the interphase cells analyzed. The translocation was confirmed by SNP array. Conclusions We present a novel derivative chromosome 9 that shows BCR-ABL gene fusion along with a dicentric Philadelphia chromosome 22 with BCR-ABL1 gene amplification. This is a unique pattern of BCR-ABL fusion which has never been described in T-ALL. It is significant that the patient responded to standard treatment with the CALGB 10403 protocol and supplementation with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Identification of additional patients with this pattern of BCR-ABL fusion will allow for enhanced risk assessment and prognostication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Koka
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, 22 S. Greene St NBW53, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Najeebah A Bade
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore S, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Edward A Sausville
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W Baltimore S, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Yi Ning
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ying Zou
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine Baltimore, 22 S. Greene St NBW53, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA.,University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD USA
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Moharram SA, Shah K, Khanum F, Marhäll A, Gazi M, Kazi JU. Efficacy of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib in vitro and in vivo in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Lett 2017; 405:73-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wu X, Liu S, Lyu J, Zhou S, Yang Y, Wang C, Gu W, Zuo Q, Li B, Fan C. Endogenous controls of gene expression in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced T-cell lymphoma in p53-deficient mice. BMC Cancer 2017; 17:545. [PMID: 28807016 PMCID: PMC5557555 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-017-3536-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has become an increasingly important technique for gene expression profiling because it can provide insights into complex biological and pathological processes and be used to predict disease or treatment outcomes. Although normalized data are necessary for an accurate estimation of mRNA expression levels, several pieces of evidence suggest that the expression of so-called housekeeping genes is not stable. This study aimed to validate reference genes for the normalization of real-time PCR in an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced T-cell lymphoma mouse model. Methods T-cell lymphomas were generated in p53-deficient mice by treatment with 37.5 mg/kg MNU. Thymus and spleen were identified as the primary target organs with the highest incidences of lymphomas. We analyzed the RNA expression levels of eight potential endogenous reference genes (Gapdh, Rn18s, Actb, Hprt, B2M, Rplp0, Gusb, Ctbp1). The expression stabilities of these reference genes were tested at different time points after MNU treatment using geNorm and NormFinder algorithms. Results A total of 65% of MNU-treated mice developed T-cell lymphomas, with the spleen and thymus as the major target organs. All candidate reference genes were amplified efficiently by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Gene stability evaluation after MNU treatment and during lymphomagenesis revealed that Ctbp1 and Rplp0 were the most stably expressed genes in the thymus and spleen, respectively. RT-PCR of thymus RNA using two additional sets of primer confirmed that Ctbp1 was the most stable of all the candidate reference genes. Conclusions We provided suitable endogenous controls for gene expression studies in the T-cell lymphoma model. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3536-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Wu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Susu Liu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Jianjun Lyu
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Shuya Zhou
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yanwei Yang
- National Center for Safety Evaluation of Drugs, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, A8 Hongda Middle Street, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wenda Gu
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qin Zuo
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Baowen Li
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Changfa Fan
- Division of Animal Model Research, Institute for Laboratory Animal Resources, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantan Xili, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Oberley MJ, Denton C, Ji J, Hiemenz M, Bhojwani D, Ostrow D, Wu S, Gaynon P, Raca G. A neoplasm with FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion presenting as pediatric T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma without eosinophilia. Cancer Genet 2017; 216-217:91-99. [PMID: 29025601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The 2016 World Health Organization (2016 WHO) classification of hematopoietic malignancies classifies neoplasms with a fusion between the FIP1L1 and PDGFRA genes in 4q12 into a group called "myeloid and lymphoid neoplasms with eosinophilia and abnormalities of PDGFRA, PDGFRB or FGFR1 or with PCM1-JAK2". Neoplasms characterized by this fusion are pluripotent stem cell disorders that can show both myeloid and lymphoid differentiation. They typically occur in adult patients and most are characterized by eosinophilia. We describe identification of a FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusion in a 13-year-old boy who presented with T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma without eosinophilia. Detection of FIP1L1-PDGFRA driven neoplasms at diagnosis is usually critical for proper treatment, since almost all reported cases responded to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, our patient's leukemia was refractory to standard chemotherapy, and did not show a meaningful response to tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Testing for a FIP1L1-PDGFRA rearrangement is at present limited to patients with idiopathic hypereosinophilia, and we hypothesize that this abnormality may be under-diagnosed in children with acute leukemias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Oberley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Christopher Denton
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jianling Ji
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Matthew Hiemenz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Deepa Bhojwani
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dejerianne Ostrow
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Paul Gaynon
- Children's Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gordana Raca
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
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Chung C, Ma H. Driving Toward Precision Medicine for Acute Leukemias: Are We There Yet? Pharmacotherapy 2017; 37:1052-1072. [DOI: 10.1002/phar.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hilary Ma
- MD Anderson Cancer Center; Houston Texas
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50
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Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is characterized by a great biological and clinical heterogeneity. Despite most adult patients enter complete hematologic remission after induction therapy only 40% survive five or more years. Over the last 20 years, the definition of an accurate biologic leukemia profile and the minimal residual disease evaluation in addition to conventional risk criteria led to a significant improvement for the risk stratification. The alterations of the oncosuppressor gene TP53, including deletions, sequence mutations and defect in its expression due to regulatory defects, define a new important predictor of adverse outcome. More recently, new drugs have been developed with the aim of targeting p53 protein itself or its regulatory molecules, such as Mdm2, and restoring the pathway functionality. Therefore, TP53 alterations should be considered in the diagnostic work-up to identify high risk ALL patients in need of intensive treatment strategies or eligible for new innovative targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Salmoiraghi
- a Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII , Bergamo , Italy
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- a Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII , Bergamo , Italy.,b Department of Hematology-Oncology , University of Milan , Milan , Italy
| | - Orietta Spinelli
- a Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit of Azienda Ospedaliera Papa Giovanni XXIII , Bergamo , Italy
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