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Hackenbruch C, Bauer J, Heitmann JS, Maringer Y, Nelde A, Denk M, Zieschang L, Kammer C, Federmann B, Jung S, Martus P, Malek NP, Nikolaou K, Salih HR, Bitzer M, Walz JS. FusionVAC22_01: a phase I clinical trial evaluating a DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript-based peptide vaccine combined with immune checkpoint inhibition for fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma and other tumor entities carrying the oncogenic driver fusion. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1367450. [PMID: 38606105 PMCID: PMC11007196 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1367450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript was identified as the oncogenic driver of tumor pathogenesis in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma (FL-HCC), also known as fibrolamellar carcinoma (FLC), as well as in other tumor entities, thus representing a broad target for novel treatment in multiple cancer entities. FL-HCC is a rare primary liver tumor with a 5-year survival rate of only 45%, which typically affects young patients with no underlying primary liver disease. Surgical resection is the only curative treatment option if no metastases are present at diagnosis. There is no standard of care for systemic therapy. Peptide-based vaccines represent a low side-effect approach relying on specific immune recognition of tumor-associated human leucocyte antigen (HLA) presented peptides. The induction (priming) of tumor-specific T-cell responses against neoepitopes derived from gene fusion transcripts by peptide-vaccination combined with expansion of the immune response and optimization of immune function within the tumor microenvironment achieved by immune-checkpoint-inhibition (ICI) has the potential to improve response rates and durability of responses in malignant diseases. The phase I clinical trial FusionVAC22_01 will enroll patients with FL-HCC or other cancer entities carrying the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript that are locally advanced or metastatic. Two doses of the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion-based neoepitope vaccine Fusion-VAC-XS15 will be applied subcutaneously (s.c.) with a 4-week interval in combination with the anti-programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibody atezolizumab starting at day 15 after the first vaccination. Anti-PD-L1 will be applied every 4 weeks until end of the 54-week treatment phase or until disease progression or other reason for study termination. Thereafter, patients will enter a 6 months follow-up period. The clinical trial reported here was approved by the Ethics Committee II of the University of Heidelberg (Medical faculty of Mannheim) and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute (P-00540). Clinical trial results will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration numbers EU CT Number: 2022-502869-17-01 and ClinicalTrials.gov Registry (NCT05937295).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Hackenbruch
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Bauer
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S. Heitmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Denk
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Zieschang
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christine Kammer
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Birgit Federmann
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Martus
- Institute for Medical Biometrics and Clinical Epidemiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nisar P. Malek
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- The M3 Research Institute, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantin Nikolaou
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Salih
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Center for Personalized Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Juliane S. Walz
- Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, Institute of Immunology, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Bauer J, Köhler N, Maringer Y, Bucher P, Bilich T, Zwick M, Dicks S, Nelde A, Dubbelaar M, Scheid J, Wacker M, Heitmann JS, Schroeder S, Rieth J, Denk M, Richter M, Klein R, Bonzheim I, Luibrand J, Holzer U, Ebinger M, Brecht IB, Bitzer M, Boerries M, Feucht J, Salih HR, Rammensee HG, Hailfinger S, Walz JS. The oncogenic fusion protein DNAJB1-PRKACA can be specifically targeted by peptide-based immunotherapy in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6401. [PMID: 36302754 PMCID: PMC9613889 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33746-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript is the oncogenic driver in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma, a lethal disease lacking specific therapies. This study reports on the identification, characterization, and immunotherapeutic application of HLA-presented neoantigens specific for the DNAJB1-PRKACA fusion transcript in fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma. DNAJB1-PRKACA-derived HLA class I and HLA class II ligands induce multifunctional cytotoxic CD8+ and T-helper 1 CD4+ T cells, and their cellular processing and presentation in DNAJB1-PRKACA expressing tumor cells is demonstrated by mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidome analysis. Single-cell RNA sequencing further identifies multiple T cell receptors from DNAJB1-PRKACA-specific T cells. Vaccination of a fibrolamellar hepatocellular carcinoma patient, suffering from recurrent short interval disease relapses, with DNAJB1-PRKACA-derived peptides under continued Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor therapy induces multifunctional CD4+ T cells, with an activated T-helper 1 phenotype and high T cell receptor clonality. Vaccine-induced DNAJB1-PRKACA-specific T cell responses persist over time and, in contrast to various previous treatments, are accompanied by durable relapse free survival of the patient for more than 21 months post vaccination. Our preclinical and clinical findings identify the DNAJB1-PRKACA protein as source for immunogenic neoepitopes and corresponding T cell receptors and provide efficacy in a single-patient study of T cell-based immunotherapy specifically targeting this oncogenic fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bauer
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- grid.5963.9Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9CIBSS – Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yacine Maringer
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Philip Bucher
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Bilich
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Zwick
- grid.5963.9Department of Internal Medicine I, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Severin Dicks
- grid.5963.9Faculty of Biology, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.5963.9Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Annika Nelde
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marissa Dubbelaar
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Scheid
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marcel Wacker
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas S. Heitmann
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sarah Schroeder
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jonas Rieth
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Monika Denk
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Richter
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Reinhild Klein
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Hematology, Oncology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Irina Bonzheim
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Luibrand
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Pathology and Neuropathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ursula Holzer
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Ebinger
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ines B. Brecht
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Bitzer
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Boerries
- grid.5963.9Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center – University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Partner Site, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Judith Feucht
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Helmut R. Salih
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Rammensee
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Hailfinger
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.16149.3b0000 0004 0551 4246Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Juliane S. Walz
- grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Department of Peptide-based Immunotherapy, University and University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Immunology, Institute for Cell Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.411544.10000 0001 0196 8249Clinical Collaboration Unit Translational Immunology, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Molvi Z, O'Reilly RJ. Allogeneic Tumor Antigen-Specific T Cells for Broadly Applicable Adoptive Cell Therapy of Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2022; 183:131-159. [PMID: 35551658 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-96376-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T cells specific for major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-presented tumor antigens are capable of inducing durable remissions when adoptively transferred to patients with refractory cancers presenting such antigens. When such T cells are derived from healthy donors, they can be banked for off-the-shelf administration in appropriately tissue matched patients. Therefore, tumor antigen-specific, donor-derived T cells are expected to be a mainstay in the cancer immunotherapy armamentarium. In this chapter, we analyze clinical evidence that tumor antigen-specific donor-derived T cells can induce tumor regressions when administered to appropriately matched patients whose tumors are refractory to standard therapy. We also delineate the landscape of MHC-presented and unconventional tumor antigens recognized by T cells in healthy individuals that have been targeted for adoptive T cell therapy, as well as emerging antigens for which mounting evidence suggests their utility as targets for adoptive T cell therapy. We discuss the growing technological advancements that have facilitated sequence identification of such antigens and their cognate T cells, and applicability of such technologies in the pre-clinical and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaki Molvi
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Richard J O'Reilly
- Immunology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Willimsky G, Beier C, Immisch L, Papafotiou G, Scheuplein V, Goede A, Holzhütter HG, Blankenstein T, Kloetzel PM. In vitro proteasome processing of neo-splicetopes does not predict their presentation in vivo. eLife 2021; 10:e62019. [PMID: 33875134 PMCID: PMC8154032 DOI: 10.7554/elife.62019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-catalyzed peptide splicing (PCPS) of cancer-driving antigens could generate attractive neoepitopes to be targeted by T cell receptor (TCR)-based adoptive T cell therapy. Based on a spliced peptide prediction algorithm, TCRs were generated against putative KRASG12V- and RAC2P29L-derived neo-splicetopes with high HLA-A*02:01 binding affinity. TCRs generated in mice with a diverse human TCR repertoire specifically recognized the respective target peptides with high efficacy. However, we failed to detect any neo-splicetope-specific T cell response when testing the in vivo neo-splicetope generation and obtained no experimental evidence that the putative KRASG12V- and RAC2P29L-derived neo-splicetopes were naturally processed and presented. Furthermore, only the putative RAC2P29L-derived neo-splicetopes was generated by in vitro PCPS. The experiments pose severe questions on the notion that available algorithms or the in vitro PCPS reaction reliably simulate in vivo splicing and argue against the general applicability of an algorithm-driven 'reverse immunology' pipeline for the identification of cancer-specific neo-splicetopes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Epitopes
- HEK293 Cells
- HLA-A2 Antigen/immunology
- HLA-A2 Antigen/metabolism
- Humans
- K562 Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/immunology
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Proof of Concept Study
- Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/immunology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/genetics
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/immunology
- rac GTP-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- RAC2 GTP-Binding Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald Willimsky
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Beier
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lena Immisch
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - George Papafotiou
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium, partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vivian Scheuplein
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrean Goede
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Blankenstein
- Institute of Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter M Kloetzel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Manfredi F, Cianciotti BC, Potenza A, Tassi E, Noviello M, Biondi A, Ciceri F, Bonini C, Ruggiero E. TCR Redirected T Cells for Cancer Treatment: Achievements, Hurdles, and Goals. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1689. [PMID: 33013822 PMCID: PMC7494743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) is a rapidly evolving therapeutic approach designed to harness T cell specificity and function to fight diseases. Based on the evidence that T lymphocytes can mediate a potent anti-tumor response, initially ACT solely relied on the isolation, in vitro expansion, and infusion of tumor-infiltrating or circulating tumor-specific T cells. Although effective in a subset of cases, in the first ACT clinical trials several patients experienced disease progression, in some cases after temporary disease control. This evidence prompted researchers to improve ACT products by taking advantage of the continuously evolving gene engineering field and by improving manufacturing protocols, to enable the generation of effective and long-term persisting tumor-specific T cell products. Despite recent advances, several challenges, including prioritization of antigen targets, identification, and optimization of tumor-specific T cell receptors, in the development of tools enabling T cells to counteract the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, still need to be faced. This review aims at summarizing the major achievements, hurdles and possible solutions designed to improve the ACT efficacy and safety profile in the context of liquid and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Manfredi
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Beatrice Claudia Cianciotti
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Potenza
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano – Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Tassi
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maddalena Noviello
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Clinica Pediatrica Università degli Studi di Milano Bicocca, Fondazione MBBM, Monza, Italy
| | - Fabio Ciceri
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Bonini
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Eliana Ruggiero
- Experimental Hematology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Bauer J, Nelde A, Bilich T, Walz JS. Antigen Targets for the Development of Immunotherapies in Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20061397. [PMID: 30897713 PMCID: PMC6471800 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20061397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapeutic approaches, including allogeneic stem cell transplantation and donor lymphocyte infusion, have significantly improved the prognosis of leukemia patients. Further efforts are now focusing on the development of immunotherapies that are able to target leukemic cells more specifically, comprising monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cell- or peptide-based vaccination strategies. One main prerequisite for such antigen-specific approaches is the selection of suitable target structures on leukemic cells. In general, the targets for anti-cancer immunotherapies can be divided into two groups: (1) T-cell epitopes relying on the presentation of peptides via human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules and (2) surface structures, which are HLA-independently expressed on cancer cells. This review discusses the most promising tumor antigens as well as the underlying discovery and selection strategies for the development of anti-leukemia immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bauer
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Annika Nelde
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Tatjana Bilich
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
- Institute for Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, University of Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Juliane S Walz
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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7
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The HLA ligandome landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia delineates novel T-cell epitopes for immunotherapy. Blood 2019; 133:550-565. [DOI: 10.1182/blood-2018-07-866830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Antileukemia immunity plays an important role in disease control and maintenance of tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI)-free remission in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Thus, antigen-specific immunotherapy holds promise for strengthening immune control in CML but requires the identification of CML-associated targets. In this study, we used a mass spectrometry–based approach to identify naturally presented HLA class I– and class II–restricted peptides in primary CML samples. Comparative HLA ligandome profiling using a comprehensive dataset of different hematological benign specimens and samples from CML patients in deep molecular remission delineated a panel of novel frequently presented CML-exclusive peptides. These nonmutated target antigens are of particular relevance because our extensive data-mining approach suggests the absence of naturally presented BCR-ABL– and ABL-BCR–derived HLA-restricted peptides and the lack of frequent tumor-exclusive presentation of known cancer/testis and leukemia-associated antigens. Functional characterization revealed spontaneous T-cell responses against the newly identified CML-associated peptides in CML patient samples and their ability to induce multifunctional and cytotoxic antigen-specific T cells de novo in samples from healthy volunteers and CML patients. Thus, these antigens are prime candidates for T-cell–based immunotherapeutic approaches that may prolong TKI-free survival and even mediate cure of CML patients.
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8
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Hassan IB, Benedict S, Kristensen J. Cytokine Syntheses by T-Cell Subsets From Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Patients: Relationship Between Pre-Treatment Levels and Response to Imatinib Therapy. J Hematol 2018; 7:96-106. [PMID: 32300421 PMCID: PMC7155834 DOI: 10.14740/jh410w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although T-cell cytokine's role in the long-term control of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is well established, previous studies showed contradicting results regarding imatinib (IM) effect on the endogenous T-cell function by IM. The purpose of this study was to determine the relation between the endogenous T-cell function prior to therapy and the degree of response to IM therapy in CP CML. In addition, modulation of the endogenous T-cell function during IM therapy was studied. Methods We evaluated Th1 (gamma interferon (IFN-γ)), Th2 (interleukin (IL-4)) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α cytokine synthesis by activated T-cell subsets in 20 patients with newly diagnosed CML in chronic phase (CP CML) using flow cytometry before and during IM therapy compared to patients with IM resistance (IM Res) and healthy donors. Results Patients with optimal response (CML OR) to IM demonstrated a lower pre-treatment Th1 cytokine compared to that of healthy donors, and a higher percentage of Th2 and TNF-α producing T cells compared to that of healthy donors, non-optimal responders (CML nOR) and those with IM Res. A shift from Th2 profile to Th1 profile and initial decline of TNF-α producing T cells was detected early during therapy in optimal responders which was coinciding with complete hematological remission with a significant increase in the percentages of CD4+ve/IFN-γ+ve cells (P = 0.01) and a significant drop of in CD8+ve/IL-4+ve T cells (P = 0.04). Conclusion We believe that pre-treatment levels of IL-4 and/or TNF-α may have a role in identifying CP CML patients who may respond to IM therapy; however, further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inaam B Hassan
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Department of Oncology, Tawam Hospital, Al Ain, UAE
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9
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Du L, Tai W, Yang Y, Zhao G, Zhu Q, Sun S, Liu C, Tao X, Tseng CTK, Perlman S, Jiang S, Zhou Y, Li F. Introduction of neutralizing immunogenicity index to the rational design of MERS coronavirus subunit vaccines. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13473. [PMID: 27874853 PMCID: PMC5121417 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral subunit vaccines often contain immunodominant non-neutralizing epitopes that divert host immune responses. These epitopes should be eliminated in vaccine design, but there is no reliable method for evaluating an epitope's capacity to elicit neutralizing immune responses. Here we introduce a new concept 'neutralizing immunogenicity index' (NII) to evaluate an epitope's neutralizing immunogenicity. To determine the NII, we mask the epitope with a glycan probe and then assess the epitope's contribution to the vaccine's overall neutralizing immunogenicity. As proof-of-concept, we measure the NII for different epitopes on an immunogen comprised of the receptor-binding domain from MERS coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Further, we design a variant form of this vaccine by masking an epitope that has a negative NII score. This engineered vaccine demonstrates significantly enhanced efficacy in protecting transgenic mice from lethal MERS-CoV challenge. Our study may guide the rational design of highly effective subunit vaccines to combat MERS-CoV and other life-threatening viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanying Du
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Wanbo Tai
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Shihui Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - Xinrong Tao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Chien-Te K. Tseng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Center for Biodefense and Emerging Disease, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Laboratory of Viral Immunology, Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute, New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yusen Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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10
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Dubrovsky L, Dao T, Gejman RS, Brea EJ, Chang AY, Oh CY, Casey E, Pankov D, Scheinberg DA. T cell receptor mimic antibodies for cancer therapy. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1049803. [PMID: 26942058 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1049803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The major hurdle to the creation of cancer-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) exhibiting limited cross-reactivity with healthy human cells is the paucity of known tumor-specific or mutated protein epitopes expressed on the cancer cell surface. Mutated and overexpressed oncoproteins are typically cytoplasmic or nuclear. Cells can present peptides from these distinguishing proteins on their cell surface in the context of human leukocyte antigen (HLA). T cell receptor mimic (TCRm) mAb can be discovered that react specifically to these complexes, allowing for selective targeting of cancer cells. The state-of-the-art for TCRm and the challenges and opportunities are discussed. Several such TCRm are moving toward clinical trials now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Dao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Ron S Gejman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Elliott J Brea
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Aaron Y Chang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Claire Y Oh
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Emily Casey
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
| | - Dmitry Pankov
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center ; New York, NY USA
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11
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Abstract
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a clonal bone marrow stem cell neoplasia known to be responsive to immunotherapy. Despite the success of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting the BCR-ABL1 oncokinase, patients are not considered to be cured with the current therapy modalities. However, there have been recent advancements in understanding the immunobiology of the disease (such as tumor specific antigens and immunostimulatory agents), and this may lead to the development of novel, curative treatment strategies. Already there are promising results showing that a small proportion of CML patients are able to discontinue the therapy although they have a minimal amount of residual leukemia cells left. This implies that the immune system is able to restrain the tumor cell expansion. In this review, we aim to give a brief update of the novel aspects of the immune system in CML patients and of the developing strategies for controlling CML by the means of immunotherapy.
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12
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Dong W, Zhang J, Shao N, Tian T, Li L, Jian J, Zang S, Ma D, Ji C. Development and immunological evaluation of HLA-specific chronic myeloid leukemia polyepitope vaccine in Chinese population. Vaccine 2014; 32:3501-8. [PMID: 24793940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BCR/ABL and Wilms' tumor 1 (WT1) are an ideal tumor associated antigens which can be used to develop a potential chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) dentritic cell (DC) vaccine. Here, we constructed a novel polyepitope vaccine which used recombinant lentiviral vector carrying BCR/ABL and WT1 genes, and determined the immunological effects of this vaccine in vitro. METHODS The DC vaccine was constructed using lentiviral vector transduced DCs. T lymphocytes were stimulated with DC vaccine and then co-cultured in vitro with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from CML or ALL patients, respectively. The cytotoxicity of proliferous cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was determined by the LDH assay. The IFN-γ production of CTLs was detected using ELISPOT assay. RESULTS We constructed an lentiviral vector encoding 50 different epitopes from BCR/ABL and WT1 antigens, and transferred it into DCs to prepare the DC vaccine successfully. The in vivo stimulation of CTLs with this DC vaccine were proved to show strong cytotoxicity and produce high level of IFN-γ. CONCLUSIONS The novel recombinant lentiviral polyepitope DC vaccine is a promising candidate for clinical trials and may be an effective approach for CML immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dong
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jingru Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Na Shao
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Tian Tian
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jimo Jian
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaolei Zang
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Daoxin Ma
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chunyan Ji
- Department of Hematology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China.
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13
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Li Y, Chen S, Yang L, Chen S, Lin C, Wang L, Lu Y, Geng S, Du X, Schmidt CA. Change in expression pattern of TCR–CD3 complex in patients with multiple myeloma. Hematology 2013; 16:143-50. [PMID: 21669053 DOI: 10.1179/102453311x12953015767491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangqiu Li
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of EducationMedical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijian Yang
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Chen
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Lin
- Department of BiochemistryMedical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuhong Lu
- Institute of HematologyMedical College, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Suxia Geng
- Department of HematologyGuangdong Province People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Department of HematologyGuangdong Province People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Christian A Schmidt
- Department of Hematology and OncologyErnst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Lin C, Li Y. The role of peptide and DNA vaccines in myeloid leukemia immunotherapy. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:13. [PMID: 23394714 PMCID: PMC3571936 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
While chemotherapy and targeted therapy are successful in inducing the remission of myeloid leukemia as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), the disease remains largely incurable. This observation is likely due to the drug resistance of leukemic cells, which are responsible for disease relapse. Myeloid leukemia vaccines may most likely be beneficial for eradicating minimal residual disease after treatment with chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Several targeted immunotherapies using leukemia vaccines have been heavily investigated in clinical and preclinical trials. This review will focus on peptides and DNA vaccines in the context of myeloid leukemias, and optimal strategies for enhancing the efficacy of vaccines based on myeloid leukemia immunization are also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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15
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Vigneron N, Van den Eynde BJ. Proteasome subtypes and the processing of tumor antigens: increasing antigenic diversity. Curr Opin Immunol 2011; 24:84-91. [PMID: 22206698 DOI: 10.1016/j.coi.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Protein degradation by the proteasome releases peptides that can be loaded on MHC class I molecules and presented to cytolytic T lymphocytes. Several mechanisms were recently found to increase the diversity of antigenic peptides displayed at the cell surface, thereby maximizing the efficacy of immune responses. The proteasome was shown to produce spliced antigenic peptides, which are made of two fragments initially not contiguous in the parental protein. Different proteasome subtypes also produce distinct sets of antigenic peptides: the standard proteasome and the immunoproteasome, containing different catalytic subunits, have different cleavage specificities and produce different sets of peptides. Moreover, recent work confirmed the existence of two additional proteasome subtypes that are intermediate between the standard and the immunoproteasome, and each produce a unique peptide repertoire.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Vigneron
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Brussels Branch and de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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16
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Hesse M, Willscher E, Schmiedel BJ, Posch S, Golbik RP, Staege MS. Sequence and expression of the chicken membrane-associated phospholipases A1 alpha (LIPH) and beta (LIPI). Mol Biol Rep 2011; 39:761-9. [PMID: 21559832 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-0796-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are a heterogeneous group of antigens that are expressed preferentially in tumor cells and testis. Based on this definition the human membrane-associated phospholipase A1 beta (lipase family member I, LIPI) has been identified as CTA. The high homology of LIPI and the membrane-associated phospholipase A1 alpha (lipase family member H, LIPH) suggests that both genes are derived from a common ancestor by gene duplication. In contrast to human LIPI, human LIPH is expressed in several tissues. LIPI sequences have only been identified in mammals. Here, we describe the identification of LIPI in non-mammalian vertebrates. Based on the conserved genomic organization of LIPI and LIPH we identified sequences for both lipases in birds and fishes. In all vertebrates the LIPI locus is neighbored by a member of the RNA binding motif (RBM) family, RBM11. By sequencing of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction products we determined the sequences of LIPI and LIPH messenger RNA from broilers. We found that the sequence homology between LIPI and LIPH is much higher in non-mammalian species than in mammals. In addition, we found broad expression of LIPI in broilers, resembling the expression profile of LIPH. Our data suggest that LIPI is a CTA only in mammalian species and that the unique sequence features of the mammalian LIPI/RBM11 locus have evolved together with the CTA-like expression pattern of LIPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Hesse
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Cancer Research Centre, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Ernst Grube Str. 40, 06097, Halle, Germany
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17
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Naugler C, Liwski R. Human leukocyte antigen class I alleles and the risk of chronic myelogenous leukemia: a meta-analysis. Leuk Lymphoma 2010; 51:1288-92. [DOI: 10.3109/10428191003802340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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18
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Staege MS, Hesse M, Max D. Lipases and Related Molecules in Cancer. CANCER GROWTH AND METASTASIS 2010. [DOI: 10.4137/cgm.s2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Lipases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of lipids. Based on protein structures and sequences, lipases can be classified into different protein families. The majority of conventional mammalian lipases are members of the protein super-families of serine esterases and alpha-beta hydrolases. Differential expression of lipases and related alpha-beta hydrolases in tumor cells has been observed. The physiological or patho-physiological functions of these tumor related enzymes are largely unknown. However, lipases are not only involved in energy metabolism but also in the metabolism of bioactive molecules, e.g. phosphatidic acid or arachidonic acid, suggesting that tumor-specifically expressed lipases might be interesting targets for the development of future treatment strategies. Moreover, independent of the patho-physiological function, tumor associated lipases can serve as targets for immunological treatment strategies. In addition, lipases with exclusive expression in single tumor entities can serve as potential diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin S. Staege
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Manuela Hesse
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
| | - Daniela Max
- Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University Clinic and Polyclinic for Child and Adolescent Medicine, D-06097 Halle, Germany
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Vaccines against human carcinomas: strategies to improve antitumor immune responses. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:380697. [PMID: 20300434 PMCID: PMC2840411 DOI: 10.1155/2010/380697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple observations in preclinical and clinical studies support a role for the immune system in controlling tumor growth and progression. Various components of the innate and adaptive immune response are able to mediate tumor cell destruction; however, certain immune cell populations can also induce a protumor environment that favors tumor growth and the development of metastasis. Moreover, tumor cells themselves are equipped with various mechanisms that allow them to evade surveillance by the immune system. The goal of cancer vaccines is to induce a tumor-specific immune response that ultimately will reduce tumor burden by tipping the balance from a protumor to an antitumor immune environment. This review discusses common mechanisms that govern immune cell activation and tumor immune escape, and some of the current strategies employed in the field of cancer vaccines aimed at enhancing activation of tumor-specific T-cells with concurrent reduction of immunosuppression.
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Emergence of BCR-ABL–specific cytotoxic T cells in the bone marrow of patients with Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia during long-term imatinib mesylate treatment. Blood 2010; 115:1512-8. [PMID: 20007806 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2009-06-230391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Imatinib mesylate has been demonstrated to allow the emergence of T cells directed against chronic myeloid leukemia cells. A total of 10 Philadelphia chromosome–positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients receiving high-dose imatinib mesylate maintenance underwent long-term immunological monitoring (range, 2-65 months) of p190BCR-ABL–specific T cells in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. p190BCR-ABL–specific T lymphocytes were detected in all patients, more frequently in bone marrow than in peripheral blood samples (67% vs 25%, P < .01) and resulted significantly associated with lower minimal residual disease values (P < .001), whereas absent at leukemia relapse. Specific T cells were mainly effector memory CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, producing interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-2 (median percentage of positive cells: 3.34, 3.04, and 3.58, respectively). Cytotoxic subsets able to lyse BCR-ABL–positive leukemia blasts also were detectable. Whether these autologous p190BCR-ABL–specific T cells may be detectable under other tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, expanded ex vivo, and exploited for immunotherapy remains to be addressed.
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21
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Riley CL, Mathieu MG, Clark RE, McArdle SEB, Rees RC. Tumour antigen-targeted immunotherapy for chronic myeloid leukaemia: is it still viable? Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1489-99. [PMID: 19259670 PMCID: PMC11029949 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In haematological cancers, malignant cells circulate in the blood and lymphatic system. This may make leukaemic cells easier to target by immunotherapy than in other types of cancer. Various immunotherapy strategies have been trialled in several leukaemias including chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) and in general, these have been aimed at targeting tumour-associated antigens (TAA). There are numerous TAA expressed by CML patients including WT1, proteinase 3, BCR-ABL and HAGE amongst others. The immunogenicity of the CML-specific tumour antigen, BCR-ABL, has been the subject of much debate and its role in the development of the disease and its unique sequence spanning the breakpoint region make it an ideal target for immunotherapy. However, there are a limited number of immunogenic epitopes across the junctional region, which are restricted to only a few HLA types, namely A2, A3 and B7 (Clark et al. in Blood 98:2887-2893, 2001). The second CML-associated antigen is the helicase antigen HAGE, a cancer-testis antigen found to be over-expressed in more than 50% of myeloid leukaemias (Adams et al. in Leukaemia 16:2238-2242, 2002). Very little is known about the function of this antigen and its significance to CML. However, its membership of the DEAD-box family of ATP-dependent RNA helicases and the involvement of other members of this family in tumour cell proliferation (Eberle et al. in Br J Cancer 86:1957-1962, 2002; Yang et al. in Cell Signal 17:1495-504, 2005) suggest a crucial role in the RNA metabolism of tumour cells. For these reasons, HAGE also seems to be a good target for immunotherapy as it would be applicable for the majority of patients with CML. This review aims to discuss the potential of immunotherapy for the treatment of leukaemia, in particular CML, and the prospect of targeting three CML associated antigens: BCR, ABL and HAGE. During his career, Prof. Tony Dodi made a significant contribution in this area of leukaemia research, confirming the identity of immunogenic HLA-A3 and B7-restricted peptides as targets for CTL. Published, as a highlighted paper in Clark et al. (Blood 98:2887-2893, 2001), this study demonstrated the expression of MHC-peptide complexes on the surface of CML cells and the presence of tetramer-positive CTL activity in CML patients positive for these two HLA alleles. His drive and dedication for research excellence will be remembered by all who knew and worked with him.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine L. Riley
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Morgan G. Mathieu
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Richard E. Clark
- Department of Haematology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Prescott Street, Liverpool, L7 8XP UK
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
| | - Robert C. Rees
- The John Van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS UK
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Rusakiewicz S, Madrigal A, Travers P, Dodi AI. BCR/ABL-specific CD8+ T cells can be detected from CML patients, but are only expanded from healthy donors. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2009; 58:1449-57. [PMID: 19360407 PMCID: PMC11030944 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-009-0703-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2008] [Accepted: 03/17/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL p210 fusion protein has long been considered an ideal target antigen for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) due to its central role in malignant transformation and to its unique novel amino acid sequence solely expressed in leukaemia cells. However, the feasibility to expand BCR-ABL-specific T cells remains still controversial. Using BCR/ABL peptide/MHC tetramers, significantly higher frequencies of tetramer positive cells were detected in the peripheral blood of HLA-A*0301 (mean 0.38%) and HLA-B*0801 (mean 0.28%) CML patients than in healthy donors (P = 0.0025 and 0.0026, respectively). However, following stimulation with autologous peptide-pulsed DCs, BCR/ABL-specific T cells were only expanded from some healthy donors, suggesting that CML patients may have a specific immune deficit with respect to the BCR/ABL antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rusakiewicz
- The Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Medical School, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Alejandro Madrigal
- The Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Medical School, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Paul Travers
- The Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Medical School, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
| | - Anthony I. Dodi
- The Anthony Nolan Research Institute, The Royal Free Hospital, University College of London, Medical School, Fleet Road, Hampstead, London, NW3 2QG UK
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Pinilla-Ibarz J, Shah B, Dubovsky JA. The biological basis for immunotherapy in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. Cancer Control 2009; 16:141-52. [PMID: 19337200 DOI: 10.1177/107327480901600206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) has long been recognized as an entity responsive to immunotherapeutic interventions. Despite the success of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) in this disease, CML remains incurable. Only allogeneic bone marrow transplantation can provide long-term eradication of CML. METHODS This review summarizes the recent advances in the field of immunology in CML, specifically in tumor antigen discovery, that have been incorporated into the design of new clinical trials. RESULTS Multiple vaccine approaches are currently under clinical investigation. Recent laboratory and clinical data also point to a unique interaction of TKIs with the immune system. CONCLUSIONS A better understanding of these interactions combined with advances in the field of immunotherapy will likely lead to incorporation of TKIs in future therapeutic interventions to develop a cure for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Pinilla-Ibarz
- Department of Malignant Hematology at the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA.
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24
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Pulsipher MA, Bader P, Klingebiel T, Cooper LJN. Allogeneic transplantation for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: the emerging role of peritransplantation minimal residual disease/chimerism monitoring and novel chemotherapeutic, molecular, and immune approaches aimed at preventing relapse. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2009; 15:62-71. [PMID: 19147081 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2008.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Although improved donor sources and supportive care have decreased transplantation-related mortality over the past decade, relapse remains the principal cause of failure after allogeneic transplantation for high-risk pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Emerging tools of minimal residual disease (MRD) and chimerism monitoring before and after transplantation have defined those children at highest risk for relapse and provide the opportunity for intervention to prevent relapse. Specific methods aimed at decreasing relapse include the use of intensive treatment before transplantation to increase the percentage of patients undergoing the procedure with negative MRD, optimal transplantation preparative regimens, and posttransplantation interventions with targeted or immunologic therapy. Early data demonstrate decreased relapse with the use of sirolimus for all types of ALL and imatinib for ALL with the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph(+) ALL) after transplantation. Patients with increasing chimerism or MRD have been shown to benefit from early withdrawal of immune suppression or donor lymphocyte infusion. Finally, various targeted immunologic therapies, including monoclonal antibodies, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor mismatching, natural killer cell therapy, and targeted T cell therapies, are emerging that also could have an affect on relapse and improve survival after transplantation for pediatric ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Pulsipher
- Division of Hematology/BMT, Primary Children's Medical Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah
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25
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Abstract
Recent advances in immunotherapy of cancer may represent a successful example in translational research, in which progress in knowledge and technology in immunology has led to new strategies of immunotherapy, and even past failures in many clinical trials have led to a better understanding of basic cancer immunobiology. This article reviews the latest concepts in antitumor immunology and its application in the treatment of cancer, with particular focus on acute leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Leung
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy, Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, and Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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26
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Greiner J, Bullinger L, Guinn BA, Döhner H, Schmitt M. Leukemia-associated antigens are critical for the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14:7161-6. [PMID: 19010831 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-08-1102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common acute leukemia in adults. With intensive induction therapy, most patients younger than 60 years achieve complete remission. However, even if these younger patients were treated intensively, more than 50% will relapse. Clinical results of patients older than 60 years are more unfavorable. Therefore, in all patients with AML, the overall survival is still low. In the past decade, several leukemia-associated antigens (LAA) have been identified in patients with acute myeloid leukemia. BAGE, BCL-2, OFA-iLRP, FLT3-ITD, G250, hTERT, PRAME, proteinase 3, RHAMM, survivin, and WT-1 are all LAAs that have been shown to induce CD8+ T-cell recognition and for some antigens also humoral immune responses. Interestingly, most of these LAAs are linked to cell cycle or proliferation. This article discusses the balance between LAA-driven leukemia cell expansion and the elimination of these cells through attacks on LAAs by the immune system. Current knowledge of the function and CD8+ T-cell recognition of LAAs is reviewed and an outlook is given on how to improve T-cell responses to LAAs in acute myeloid leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Greiner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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27
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el-Shami K, Smith BD. Immunotherapy for myeloid leukemias: current status and future directions. Leukemia 2008; 22:1658-64. [PMID: 18563174 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2008.148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Myeloid leukemias, although a heterogeneous group of hematopoietic stem cell neoplasms, are arguably among the most suited for active specific immunotherapy. Nevertheless, clinical development of myeloid leukemia vaccine lagged behind similar approaches in other solid and hematological malignancies. The recent identification of apparently specific leukemia antigens and advances in understanding the fundamentals of tumor immunology have helped initiate a number of early phase clinical studies evaluating the safety and clinical efficacy of this approach. Here we review the recently identified and characterized putative leukemia antigens, the main vaccination strategies employed by most investigators and the results of clinical studies of immunotherapy of myeloid leukemias. Although these studies are early and often difficult to interpret, they offer evidence that effective immunity to leukemia could be induced following vaccination, and that clinical benefit can sometimes be observed, thus setting the stage for future development of this strategy and in the combinatorial approaches to treatment of myeloid leukemias that incorporate immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K el-Shami
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, MD 21231-1000, USA
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Greiner J, Schmitt M. Leukemia-associated antigens as target structures for a specific immunotherapy in chronic myeloid leukemia. Eur J Haematol 2008; 80:461-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0609.2008.01053.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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29
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Abstract
The effectiveness of T-cell-mediated immunotherapy of cancer depends on both an optimal immunostimulatory context of the therapy and the proper selection with respect to quality and quantity of the targeted tumor-associated antigens (TAA), and, more precisely, the T-cell epitopes contained in these tumor proteins. Our progressing insight in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class II antigen processing and presentation mechanisms has improved the prediction by reverse immunology of novel cytotoxic T lymphocyte and T-helper cell epitopes within known antigens. Computer algorithms that in silico predict HLA class I and class II binding, proteasome cleavage patterns and transporter associated with antigen processing translocation are now available to expedite epitope identification. The advent of genomics allows a high-throughput screening for tumor-specific transcripts and mutations, with that identifying novel shared and unique TAA. The increasing power of mass spectrometry and proteomics will lead to the direct identification from the tumor cell surface of numerous novel tumor-specific HLA class I and class II presented ligands. Together, the expanded repertoire of tumor-specific T-cell epitopes will enable more precise immunomonitoring and the development of effective epitope-defined adoptive T-cell transfer and multi-epitope-based vaccination strategies targeting epitopes derived from a wider diversity of TAA presented in a broader array of HLA molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Kessler
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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30
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Abu-Eisha HM, Butt NM, Clark RE, Christmas SE. Evidence that a BCR-ABL fusion peptide does not induce lymphocyte proliferation or cytokine production in vitro. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1675-81. [PMID: 17324459 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2006] [Revised: 12/22/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The BCR-ABL fusion protein is characteristic of chronic myeloid leukaemia and may be an effective tumour-specific antigen. CD8+ T cell responses to BCR-ABL fusion peptides have been reported in normal subjects and CML patients but CD4+ T cell responses have been less well characterised. Here, the 23-mer e14a2 fusion peptide VHSATGFKQSSKALQRPVASDFE has been used to stimulate T cell responses. Most normal subjects and CML patients showed no proliferative responses to this peptide, with stimulation indices not significantly greater than 1.0. Following a second stimulation with the same peptide, small proliferative responses were obtained in normal subjects but not CML patients. These responses were not improved following a third stimulation with 23-mer peptide, nor by using mature autologous dendritic cells to present the peptide. Intracellular interferon-gamma production by CD4+ T cells was also not induced by the 23-mer e14a2 peptide. Hence, this e14a2 peptide does not stimulate CD4+ T cell proliferation in vitro in most normal subjects or CML patients. The precise sequence of amino acids may be critical in defining immunogenicity for CD4+ T cell responses against BCR-ABL peptides.
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31
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Barrett AJ, Rezvani K. Review of current knowledge on HPV vaccination: an appendix to the European Guidelines for Quality Assurance in Cervical Cancer Screening. J Clin Virol 2007; 148:189-98. [PMID: 17437417 PMCID: PMC1868869 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2007.03383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The recognition of a strong etiological relationship between infection with high-risk human papillomavirusses and cervical cancer has prompted research to develop and evaluate prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines. One prophylactic quadrivalent vaccine using L1 virus-like particles (VLP) of HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18 is available on the European market since the end of 2006 and it is expected that a second bivalent vaccine containing VLPs of HPV16 and HPV18 will become available in 2007. Each year, HPV16 and HPV18 cause approximately 43,000 cases of cervical cancer in the European continent. Results from the phase-IIb and III trials published thus far indicate that the L1 VLP HPV vaccine is safe and well-tolerated. It offers HPV-naive women a very high level of protection against HPV persistent infection and cervical intra-epithelial lesions associated with the types included in the vaccine. HPV vaccination should be offered to girls before onset of sexual activity. While prophylactic vaccination is likely to provide important future health gains, cervical screening will need to be continued for the whole generation of women that is already infected with the HPV types included in the vaccine. Phase IV studies are needed to demonstrate protection against cervical cancer and to verify duration of protection, occurrence of replacement by non-vaccine types and to define future policies for screening of vaccinated cohorts. The European Guidelines on Quality Assurance for Cervical Cancer Screening provides guidance for secondary prevention by detection and management of precursors lesions of the cervix. The purpose of the appendix on vaccination is to present current knowledge. Developing guidelines for future use of HPV vaccines in Europe, is the object of a new grant offered by the European Commission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Barrett
- Stem Cell Allotransplantation Section, Hematology Branch, National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-1202, USA.
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