1
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Ghorbani R, Gharbavi M, Keshavarz B, Madanchi H, Johari B. Targeting c-Myc with decoy oligodeoxynucleotide-loaded polycationic nanoparticles inhibits cell growth and induces apoptosis in cancer stem-like cells (NTERA-2). Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:623. [PMID: 38710891 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09559-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in cancer stem cell (CSC) populations and their resistance to common treatments could be a result of c-Myc dysregulations in certain cancer cells. In the current study, we investigated anticancer effects of c-Myc decoy ODNs loaded-poly (methacrylic acid-co-diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PMA-DDA)-coated silica nanoparticles as carriers on cancer-like stem cells (NTERA-2). METHODS AND RESULTS The physicochemical characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites (SiO2@PMA-DDA-DEC) were analyzed using FT-IR, DLS, and SEM techniques. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was applied to analyze the release pattern of decoy ODNs from the nanocomposite. Furthermore, uptake, cell viability, apoptosis, and cell cycle assays were used to investigate the anticancer effects of nanocomposites loaded with c-Myc decoy ODNs on NTERA-2 cancer cells. The results of physicochemical analytics demonstrated that SiO2@PMA-DDA-DEC nanocomposites were successfully synthesized. The prepared nanocomposites were taken up by NTERA-2 cells with high efficiency, and could effectively inhibit cell growth and increase apoptosis rate in the treated cells compared to the control group. Moreover, SiO2@PMA-DDA nanocomposites loaded with c-Myc decoy ODNs induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase in the treated cells. CONCLUSIONS The conclusion drawn from this study is that c-Myc decoy ODN-loaded SiO2@PMA-DDA nanocomposites can effectively inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in NTERA-2 cancer cells. Moreover, given that a metal core is incorporated into this synthetic nanocomposite, it could potentially be used in conjunction with irradiation as part of a decoy-radiotherapy combinational therapy in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Ghorbani
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Gharbavi
- Nanotechnology Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Pain Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Benyamin Keshavarz
- Student Research Committee, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Hamid Madanchi
- Nervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, 35131-38111, Iran.
- Drug Design and Bioinformatics Unit, Medical Biotechnology Department, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, 13198, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Johari
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
- Zanjan Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
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2
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Moon JW, Hong BJ, Kim SK, Park MS, Lee H, Lee J, Kim MY. Systematic identification of a synthetic lethal interaction in brain-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer Lett 2024; 588:216781. [PMID: 38494150 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (LuAC) presents a significant clinical challenge due to the short latency and the lack of efficient treatment options. Therefore, identification of molecular vulnerabilities in metastatic LuAC holds great importance in the development of therapeutic drugs against this disease. In this study, we performed a genome-wide siRNA screening using poorly and highly brain-metastatic LuAC cell lines. Using this approach, we discovered that compared to poorly metastatic LuAC (LuAC-Par) cells, brain-metastatic LuAC (LuAC-BrM) cells exhibited a significantly higher vulnerability to c-FLIP (an inhibitor of caspase-8)-depletion-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated that c-FLIP knockdown specifically inhibited growth of LuAC-BrM, but not the LuAC-Par, tumors, suggesting the addiction of LuAC-BrM to the function of c-FLIP for their survival. Our in vitro and in vivo analyses also demonstrated that LuAC-BrM is more sensitive to c-FLIP-depletion due to ER stress-induced activation of the c-JUN and subsequent induction of stress genes including ATF4 and DDIT3. Finally, we found that c-JUN not only sensitized LuAC-BrM to c-FLIP-depletion-induced cell death but also promoted brain metastasis in vivo, providing strong evidence for c-JUN's function as a double-edged sword in LuAC-BrM. Collectively, our findings not only reveal a novel link between c-JUN, brain metastasis, and c-FLIP addiction in LuAC-BrM but also present an opportunity for potential therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Woo Moon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | | | - Seon-Kyu Kim
- Personalized Genomic Medicine Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Min-Seok Park
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hohyeon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - JiWon Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, South Korea; KAIST Institute for the BioCentury, Cancer Metastasis Control Center, Daejeon, South Korea.
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3
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Kaczmarek MP. Heterogenous circulating miRNA changes in ME/CFS converge on a unified cluster of target genes: A computational analysis. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0296060. [PMID: 38157384 PMCID: PMC10756525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Myalgic Encephalomyelitis / Chronic Fatigue Syndrome is a debilitating, multisystem disease of unknown mechanism, with a currently ongoing search for its endocrine mediators. Circulating microRNAs (miRNA) are a promising candidate for such a mediator and have been reported as significantly different in the patient population versus healthy controls by multiple studies. None of these studies, however, agree with each other on which specific miRNA are under- or over-expressed. This discrepancy is the subject of the computational study presented here, in which a deep dive into the predicted gene targets and their functional interactions is conducted, revealing that the aberrant circulating miRNAs in ME/CFS, although different between patients, seem to mainly target the same specific set of genes (p ≈ 0.0018), which are very functionally related to each other (p ≲ 0.0001). Further analysis of these functional relations, based on directional pathway information, points to impairments in exercise hyperemia, angiogenic adaptations to hypoxia, antioxidant defenses, and TGF-β signaling, as well as a shift towards mitochondrial fission, corroborating and explaining previous direct observations in ME/CFS. Many transcription factors and epigenetic modulators are implicated as well, with currently uncertain downstream combinatory effects. As the results show significant similarity to previous research on latent herpesvirus involvement in ME/CFS, the possibility of a herpesvirus origin of these miRNA changes is also explored through further computational analysis and literature review, showing that 8 out of the 10 most central miRNAs analyzed are known to be upregulated by various herpesviruses. In total, the results establish an appreciable and possibly central role for circulating microRNAs in ME/CFS etiology that merits further experimental research.
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4
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Rapone R, Del Maestro L, Bouyioukos C, Albini S, Cruz-Tapias P, Joliot V, Cosson B, Ait-Si-Ali S. The cytoplasmic fraction of the histone lysine methyltransferase Setdb1 is essential for embryonic stem cells. iScience 2023; 26:107386. [PMID: 37559904 PMCID: PMC10407132 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The major lysine methyltransferase (KMT) Setdb1 is essential for self-renewal and viability of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Setdb1 was primarily known to methylate the lysine 9 of histone 3 (H3K9) in the nucleus, where it regulates chromatin functions. However, Setdb1 is also massively localized in the cytoplasm, including in mESCs, where its role remains elusive. Here, we show that the cytoplasmic Setdb1 (cSetdb1) is essential for the survival of mESCs. Yeast two-hybrid analysis revealed that cSetdb1 interacts with several regulators of mRNA stability and protein translation machinery, such as the ESCs-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase and mRNA silencer Trim71/Lin41. We found that cSetdb1 is required for the integrity of Trim71 complex(es) involved in mRNA metabolism and translation. cSetdb1 modulates the abundance of mRNAs and the rate of newly synthesized proteins. Altogether, our data uncovered the cytoplasmic post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression mediated by a key epigenetic regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Rapone
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Del Maestro
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Costas Bouyioukos
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Sonia Albini
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Paola Cruz-Tapias
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Véronique Joliot
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cosson
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Slimane Ait-Si-Ali
- Université Paris Cité, CNRS, Epigenetics and Cell Fate, UMR7216, 75013 Paris, France
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5
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Fan W, Li X. The SIRT1-c-Myc axis in regulation of stem cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1236968. [PMID: 37554307 PMCID: PMC10405831 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1236968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1 is the most conserved mammalian NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase. Through deacetylation of transcriptional factors and co-factors, this protein modification enzyme is critically involved in metabolic and epigenetic regulation of stem cells, which is functionally important in maintaining their pluripotency and regulating their differentiation. C-Myc, a key member of Myc proton-oncogene family, is a pivotal factor for transcriptional regulation of genes that control acquisition and maintenance of stemness. Previous cancer research has revealed an intriguing positive feedback loop between SIRT1 and c-Myc that is crucial in tumorigenesis. Recent literature has uncovered important functions of this axis in regulation of maintenance and differentiation of stem cells, including pluripotent stem cells and cancer stem cells. This review highlights recent advances of the SIRT1-c-Myc axis in stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fan
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoling Li
- Signal Transduction Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, United States
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6
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Bertram H, Wilhelmi S, Rajavel A, Boelhauve M, Wittmann M, Ramzan F, Schmitt AO, Gültas M. Comparative Investigation of Coincident Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Underlying Avian Influenza Viruses in Chickens and Ducks. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:969. [PMID: 37508399 PMCID: PMC10375970 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Avian influenza is a severe viral infection that has the potential to cause human pandemics. In particular, chickens are susceptible to many highly pathogenic strains of the virus, resulting in significant losses. In contrast, ducks have been reported to exhibit rapid and effective innate immune responses to most avian influenza virus (AIV) infections. To explore the distinct genetic programs that potentially distinguish the susceptibility/resistance of both species to AIV, the investigation of coincident SNPs (coSNPs) and their differing causal effects on gene functions in both species is important to gain novel insight into the varying immune-related responses of chickens and ducks. By conducting a pairwise genome alignment between these species, we identified coSNPs and their respective effect on AIV-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in this study. The examination of these genes (e.g., CD74, RUBCN, and SHTN1 for chickens and ABCA3, MAP2K6, and VIPR2 for ducks) reveals their high relevance to AIV. Further analysis of these genes provides promising effector molecules (such as IκBα, STAT1/STAT3, GSK-3β, or p53) and related key signaling pathways (such as NF-κB, JAK/STAT, or Wnt) to elucidate the complex mechanisms of immune responses to AIV infections in both chickens and ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Bertram
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Selina Wilhelmi
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Abirami Rajavel
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marc Boelhauve
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Margareta Wittmann
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
| | - Faisal Ramzan
- Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Armin Otto Schmitt
- Breeding Informatics Group, Department of Animal Sciences, Georg-August University, Margarethe von Wrangell-Weg 7, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Mehmet Gültas
- Faculty of Agriculture, South Westphalia University of Applied Sciences, Lübecker Ring 2, 59494 Soest, Germany; (H.B.)
- Center for Integrated Breeding Research (CiBreed), Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 3, Georg-August University, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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7
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Worsley CM, Veale RB, Mayne ES. The effect of acute acid exposure on immunomodulatory protein secretion, cell survival, and cell cycle progression in tumour cell lines. Cytokine 2023; 162:156118. [PMID: 36584453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer develops when multiple systems fail to suppress uncontrolled cell proliferation. Breast cancers and oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are common cancers prone to genetic instability. They typically occur in acidic microenvironments which impacts on cell proliferation, apoptosis, and their influence on surrounding cells to support tumour growth and immune evasion. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the acidic tumour microenvironment on the production of pro-tumorigenic and immunomodulatory factors in cancer cell lines. Multiple factors that may mediate immune evasion were secreted including IL-6, IL-8, G-CSF, IP-10, GDF-15, Lipocalin-2, sICAM-1, and myoglobin. Others, such as VEGF, FGF, and EGF that are essential for tumour cell survival were also detected. Treatment with moderate acidity did not significantly affect secretion of most proteins, whereas very low pH did. Distinct differences in apoptosis were noted between the cell lines, with WHCO6 being better adapted to survive at moderate acid levels. Conditioned medium from acid-treated cells stimulated increased cell viability and proliferation in WHCO6, but increased cell death in MCF-7. This study highlights the importance of acidic tumour microenvironment in controlling apoptosis, cell proliferation, and immune evasion which may be different at different anatomical sites. Immunomodulatory molecules and growth factors provide therapeutic targets to improve the prognosis of individuals with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Worsley
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Haematology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa.
| | - Rob B Veale
- School of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa
| | - Elizabeth S Mayne
- National Health Laboratory Service, South Africa; Department of Immunology Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, South Africa; Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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8
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Rocha SM, Nascimento D, Cardoso AM, Passarinha L, Socorro S, Maia CJ. STEAP1 regulation and its influence modulating the response of LNCaP prostate cancer cells to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Mol Med Rep 2023; 27:52. [PMID: 36660947 PMCID: PMC9879076 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Anti‑androgen drugs are the standard pharmacological therapies for treatment of non‑metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). However, the response of PCa cells may depend on the anti‑androgen used and often patients become resistant to treatment. Thus, studying how the anti‑androgen drugs affect oncogenes expression and action and the identification of the best strategy for combined therapies are essential to improve the efficacy of treatments. The Six Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate 1 (STEAP1) is an oncogene associated with PCa progression and aggressiveness, although its relationship with the androgen receptor signaling remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of anti‑androgens in regulating STEAP1 expression and investigate whether silencing STEAP1 can make PCa cells more sensitive to anti‑androgen drugs. For this purpose, wild‑type and STEAP1 knockdown LNCaP cells were exposed to bicalutamide, enzalutamide and apalutamide. Bicalutamide decreased the expression of STEAP1, but enzalutamide and apalutamide increased its expression. However, decreased cell proliferation and increased apoptosis was observed in response to all drugs. Overall, the cellular and molecular effects were similar between LNCaP wild‑type and LNCaP‑STEAP1 knockdown cells, except for c‑myc expression levels, where a cumulative effect between anti‑androgen treatment and STEAP1 knockdown was observed. The effect of STEAP1 knockdown alone or combined with anti‑androgens in c‑myc levels is required to be addressed in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Rocha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniel Nascimento
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ana Margarida Cardoso
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Luís Passarinha
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2819-516 Caparica, Portugal,Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia-UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Sílvia Socorro
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Cláudio J. Maia
- CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal,C4-UBI-Cloud Computing Competence Center, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-501 Covilhã, Portugal,Correspondence to: Professor Cláudio J. Maia, CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6201-506 Covilhã, Portugal, E-mail:
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9
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Li XY, Wu JC, Liu P, Li ZJ, Wang Y, Chen BY, Hu CL, Fei MY, Yu PC, Jiang YL, Xu CH, Chang BH, Chen XC, Zong LJ, Zhang JY, Fang Y, Sun XJ, Xue K, Wang L, Chen SB, Jiang SY, Gui AL, Yang L, Gu JJ, Yu BH, Zhang QL, Wang L. Inhibition of USP1 reverses the chemotherapy resistance through destabilization of MAX in the relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2023; 37:164-177. [PMID: 36352191 PMCID: PMC9883169 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-022-01747-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The patients with relapsed and refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) have poor prognosis, and a novel and effective therapeutic strategy for these patients is urgently needed. Although ubiquitin-specific protease 1 (USP1) plays a key role in cancer, the carcinogenic effect of USP1 in B-cell lymphoma remains elusive. Here we found that USP1 is highly expressed in DLBCL patients, and high expression of USP1 predicts poor prognosis. Knocking down USP1 or a specific inhibitor of USP1, pimozide, induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest and autophagy in DLBCL cells. Targeting USP1 by shRNA or pimozide significantly reduced tumor burden of a mouse model established with engraftment of rituximab/chemotherapy resistant DLBCL cells. Pimozide significantly retarded the growth of lymphoma in a DLBCL patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model. USP1 directly interacted with MAX, a MYC binding protein, and maintained the stability of MAX through deubiquitination, which promoted the transcription of MYC target genes. Moreover, pimozide showed a synergetic effect with etoposide, a chemotherapy drug, in cell and mouse models of rituximab/chemotherapy resistant DLBCL. Our study highlights the critical role of USP1 in the rituximab/chemotherapy resistance of DLBCL through deubiquitylating MAX, and provides a novel therapeutic strategy for rituximab/chemotherapy resistant DLBCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Ya Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Chuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Juan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing-Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Long Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming-Yue Fei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng-Cheng Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Lun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Chun-Hui Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin-He Chang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Chi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Li-Juan Zong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia-Ying Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Sun
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shu-Bei Chen
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai, China
| | - Shi-Yu Jiang
- Department of lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ai-Ling Gui
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Department of Cellular and Genetic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan J Gu
- Department of Medicine & Immunology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bao-Hua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun-Ling Zhang
- Department of lymphoma, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lan Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine (SJTUSM) & Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Ferracchiato S, Scopetti D, Di-Iacovo N, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. The Four Homeostasis Knights: In Balance upon Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214480. [PMID: 36430960 PMCID: PMC9696182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer outcome is a multifactorial event that comes from both exogenous injuries and an endogenous predisposing background. The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. The function of proteins in cells and tissues is controlled at both the transcriptional and translational level, and the mechanism allowing them to carry out their functions is not only a matter of level. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more than other proteins when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Over genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational control, protein synthesis depends on additional steps of regulation. Post-translational modifications are reversible and dynamic processes that allow the cell to rapidly modulate protein amounts and function. Among them, ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications and post-translational modifications is a keystone to quickly update the activation state of many proteins responsible for the orchestration of cell metabolism. In this light, the correct activity of post-translational machinery is essential to prevent the development of cancer. Here we summarize the main post-translational modifications engaged in controlling the activity of the principal oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes involved in the development of most human cancers.
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11
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Carrillo C, Ravi V, Tiwari S, Chernoff EA, Belecky-Adams TL. TAK1 inhibition increases proliferation and differentiation of chick retinal cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:698233. [PMID: 36176271 PMCID: PMC9513612 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.698233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The factors necessary for the differentiation of cell types within the retina are incompletely understood. The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) superfamily, including TGF-β1 and 2, the bone morphogenetic proteins, and the activins have all been implicated in differentiation; however, the mechanisms by which these factors affect differentiation are only partially understood. The studies herein focus on a potential role for transforming growth factor β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a hub kinase that lies at the intersection of multiple signaling pathways, in the differentiation of cell types within the chick retina. Previous studies have focused predominantly on the role this kinase plays in the inflammation process and axonal growth. TAK1 is downstream of multiple signaling pathways that are critical to development of the central nervous system, including transforming growth factor β (TGFβ), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs), and activins. The present study indicates that activated TAK1 is found throughout the developing retina; however, it is localized at higher levels in dividing and differentiating cells. Further, ex ovo retinal studies using TAK1 inhibitor 5Z-7-oxozeaenol increased both progenitor and differentiating cell populations, accompanied by a substantial increase in proliferation and a smaller increase in cell death. These results indicate a unique role for TAK1 in differentiating and proliferating retinal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Teri L. Belecky-Adams
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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12
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Melatonin finely tunes proliferation and senescence in hematopoietic stem cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2022; 101:151251. [PMID: 35772322 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2022.151251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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13
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Chun KH. Molecular Targets and Signaling Pathways of microRNA-122 in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14071380. [PMID: 35890276 PMCID: PMC9316959 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14071380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading global causes of cancer mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small interfering RNAs that alleviate the levels of protein expression by suppressing translation, inducing mRNA cleavage, and promoting mRNA degradation. miR-122 is the most abundant miRNA in the liver and is responsible for several liver-specific functions, including metabolism, cellular growth and differentiation, and hepatitis virus replication. Recent studies have shown that aberrant regulation of miR-122 is a key factor contributing to the development of HCC. In this review, the signaling pathways and the molecular targets of miR-122 involved in the progression of HCC have been summarized, and the importance of miR-122 in therapy has been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang-Hoon Chun
- Gachon Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon 21936, Korea
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14
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Lee B, Lee S, Lee Y, Park Y, Shim J. Emerin Represses STAT3 Signaling through Nuclear Membrane-Based Spatial Control. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136669. [PMID: 34206382 PMCID: PMC8269395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerin is the inner nuclear membrane protein involved in maintaining the mechanical integrity of the nuclear membrane. Mutations in EMD encoding emerin cause Emery–Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD). Evidence is accumulating that emerin regulation of specific gene expression is associated with this disease, but the exact function of emerin has not been fully elucidated. Here, we show that emerin downregulates Signal transducer and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling, activated exclusively by Janus kinase (JAK). Deletion mutation experiments show that the lamin-binding domain of emerin is essential for the inhibition of STAT3 signaling. Emerin interacts directly and co-localizes with STAT3 in the nuclear membrane. Emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target genes Bcl2 and Survivin to increase cell survival signals and suppress hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death in HeLa cells. Specifically, downregulation of BAF or lamin A/C increases STAT3 signaling, suggesting that correct-localized emerin, by assembling with BAF and lamin A/C, acts as an intrinsic inhibitor against STAT3 signaling. In C2C12 cells, emerin knockdown induces STAT3 target gene, Pax7, and activated abnormal myoblast proliferation associated with muscle wasting in skeletal muscle homeostasis. Our results indicate that emerin downregulates STAT3 signaling by inducing retention of STAT3 and delaying STAT3 signaling in the nuclear membrane. This mechanism provides clues to the etiology of emerin-related muscular dystrophy and may be a new therapeutic target for treatment.
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15
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Daks A, Petukhov A, Fedorova O, Shuvalov O, Kizenko A, Tananykina E, Vasileva E, Semenov O, Bottrill A, Barlev N. The RNA-binding protein HuR is a novel target of Pirh2 E3 ubiquitin ligase. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:581. [PMID: 34091597 PMCID: PMC8179929 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03871-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The RING-finger protein Pirh2 is a p53 family-specific E3 ubiquitin ligase. Pirh2 also ubiquitinates several other important cellular factors and is involved in carcinogenesis. However, its functional role in other cellular processes is poorly understood. To address this question, we performed a proteomic search for novel interacting partners of Pirh2. Using the GST-pulldown approach combined with LC-MS/MS, we revealed 225 proteins that interacted with Pirh2. We found that, according to the GO description, a large group of Pirh2-associated proteins belonged to the RNA metabolism group. Importantly, one of the identified proteins from that group was an RNA-binding protein ELAVL1 (HuR), which is involved in the regulation of splicing and protein stability of several oncogenic proteins. We demonstrated that Pirh2 ubiquitinated the HuR protein facilitating its proteasome-mediated degradation in cells. Importantly, the Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR occurred in response to heat shock, thereby affecting the survival rate of HeLa cells under elevated temperature. Functionally, Pirh2-mediated degradation of HuR augmented the level of c-Myc expression, whose RNA level is otherwise attenuated by HuR. Taken together, our data indicate that HuR is a new target of Pirh2 and this functional interaction contributes to the heat-shock response of cancer cells affecting their survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Daks
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | - Alexey Petukhov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation.,Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Institute of Hematology, 197341, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Fedorova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Shuvalov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alena Kizenko
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elizaveta Tananykina
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Elena Vasileva
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Oleg Semenov
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Andrew Bottrill
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Nickolai Barlev
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 194064, St Petersburg, Russian Federation. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 141700, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region, Russian Federation.
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16
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Nishida H, Okada M, Yang L, Takano T, Tabata S, Soga T, Ho DM, Chung J, Minami Y, Yoo SK. Methionine restriction breaks obligatory coupling of cell proliferation and death by an oncogene Src in Drosophila. eLife 2021; 10:59809. [PMID: 33902813 PMCID: PMC8079150 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncogenes often promote cell death as well as proliferation. How oncogenes drive these diametrically opposed phenomena remains to be solved. A key question is whether cell death occurs as a response to aberrant proliferation signals or through a proliferation-independent mechanism. Here, we reveal that Src, the first identified oncogene, simultaneously drives cell proliferation and death in an obligatorily coupled manner through parallel MAPK pathways. The two MAPK pathways diverge from a lynchpin protein Slpr. A MAPK p38 drives proliferation whereas another MAPK JNK drives apoptosis independently of proliferation signals. Src-p38-induced proliferation is regulated by methionine-mediated Tor signaling. Reduction of dietary methionine uncouples the obligatory coupling of cell proliferation and death, suppressing tumorigenesis and tumor-induced lethality. Our findings provide an insight into how cells evolved to have a fail-safe mechanism that thwarts tumorigenesis by the oncogene Src. We also exemplify a diet-based approach to circumvent oncogenesis by exploiting the fail-safe mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nishida
- Division of Cell Physiology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan.,RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Sho Tabata
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Japan
| | - Diana M Ho
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | | | | | - Sa Kan Yoo
- RIKEN CPR, Kobe, Japan.,RIKEN BDR, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Developmental Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
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17
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Adeyi OE, Adeshina AA, Adekoya MO, Abdulhameed RO. Oxidative stress-mediated induction of pulmonary oncogenes, inflammatory, and apoptotic markers following time-course exposure to ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in rats. Metabol Open 2021; 9:100075. [PMID: 33409483 PMCID: PMC7773962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EGME) has been used in many products usually handled by humans including inks, paints, polishes, brake fluids and so on. This present study therefore, investigated its effect on lung, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of EGME for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of oral exposure to EGME, activities of GPx and SOD were significantly increased, as well as levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α and, IL-6, while NO level and GST activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, GSH level was significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-6, NO and the activities of SOD and GPx were significantly elevated with respect to control. After 21 days of EGME administration, levels of Bcl-2, IL-10, GSH and NO as well as GST activity were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, as well as GPx, CAT, and SOD activities were significantly elevated compared with control. Lung histopathology revealed chronic disseminated alveolar inflammation, bronchiolitis, severe alveolar and bronchi hyperplasia, severe disseminated inflammation, thrombosis, and thickened vessels as a result of EGME exposures. Exposures to EGME could trigger lung damage via the disorganization of the antioxidant system, eliciting the up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Lung
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T. Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O. Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Olubisi E. Adeyi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | | | - Mary O. Adekoya
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Ridwan O. Abdulhameed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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18
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Chang S, Hur SK, Naveh NSS, Thorvaldsen JL, French DL, Gagne AL, Jobaliya CD, Anguera MC, Bartolomei MS, Kalish JM. Derivation and investigation of the first human cell-based model of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome. Epigenetics 2020; 16:1295-1305. [PMID: 33300436 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1861172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is a rare form of gene expression in mammals in which a small number of genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. The aetiology of human imprinting disorders is diverse and includes chromosomal abnormalities, mutations, and epigenetic dysregulation of imprinted genes. The most common human imprinting disorder is Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS), frequently caused by uniparental isodisomy and DNA methylation alterations. Because these lesions cannot be easily engineered, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are a compelling alternative. Here, we describe the first iPSC model derived from patients with BWS. Due to the mosaic nature of BWS patients, both BWS and non-BWS iPSC lines were derived from the same patient's fibroblasts. Importantly, we determine that DNA methylation and gene expression patterns of the imprinted region in the iPSC lines reflect the parental cells and are stable over time. Additionally, we demonstrate that differential expression in insulin signalling, cell proliferation, and cell cycle pathways was seen in hepatocyte lineages derived from BWS lines compared to controls. Thus, this cell based-model can be used to investigate the role of imprinting in the pathogenesis of BWS in disease-relevant cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhee Chang
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stella K Hur
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Natali S Sobel Naveh
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joanne L Thorvaldsen
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah L French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alyssa L Gagne
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chintan D Jobaliya
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Montserrat C Anguera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marisa S Bartolomei
- Epigenetics Institute, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer M Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Departments of Genetics and Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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19
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Deshmukh S, Saini S. Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Tumor Progression, and Its Possible Role in the Onset of Cancer. Front Genet 2020; 11:604528. [PMID: 33329751 PMCID: PMC7734151 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.604528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneity among isogenic cells/individuals has been known for at least 150 years. Even Mendel, working on pea plants, realized that not all tall plants were identical. However, Mendel was more interested in the discontinuous variation between genetically distinct individuals. The concept of environment dictating distinct phenotypes among isogenic individuals has since been shown to impact the evolution of populations in numerous examples at different scales of life. In this review, we discuss how phenotypic heterogeneity and its evolutionary implications exist at all levels of life, from viruses to mammals. In particular, we discuss how a particular disease condition (cancer) is impacted by heterogeneity among isogenic cells, and propose a potential role that phenotypic heterogeneity might play toward the onset of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saniya Deshmukh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
| | - Supreet Saini
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India
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20
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Choi SH, Koh DI, Ahn H, Kim JY, Kim Y, Hur MW. Cell fate decisions by c-Myc depend on ZBTB5 and p53. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 533:1247-1254. [PMID: 33051058 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.09.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The oncoprotein, c-Myc, not only promotes cell proliferation, but can also induce or sensitize cells to apoptosis. However, how c-Myc decides cell fate and which c-Myc downstream target genes are involved remain unknown. Previously, we showed that ZBTB5 (zinc finger and BTB domain-containing 5) is a proto-oncogene that stimulates cell proliferation. ZBTB5 represses p21/CDKN1A by competing with p53 and recruiting corepressor histone deacetylase complexes. Herein, we found that c-Myc directly activates the transcription of ZBTB5. In the absence of p53, ZBTB5 is acetylated at K597 by interacting with p300, and activates transcription of NOXA, which induces apoptosis. In contrast, in the presence of p53, ZBTB5 interacts with p53 and acetylation at ZBTB5 K597 is blocked. ZBTB5 without K597 acetylation interacts with mSin3A/HDAC1 to repress p21/CDKN1A transcription and promote cell proliferation. Cell fate decisions by c-Myc depend on ZBTB5, p53 and p300, and acetylation of ZBTB5 K597.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo-Hyun Choi
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Dong-In Koh
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Haemin Ahn
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jin Young Kim
- Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, 804-1 Yangcheong-ri, Ochang-eup, Cheongwon-gun, Chungbuk, 34133, South Korea
| | - Youngsoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Man-Wook Hur
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University School of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-Ro, SeoDaeMoon-Ku, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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21
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Somade OT, Ajayi BO, Olushola MO, Omoseebi EO. Methyl cellosolve-induced renal oxidative stress and time-dependent up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:779-787. [PMID: 32642444 PMCID: PMC7332505 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
MC significantly increased and decrease the kidney levels of MDA and NO respectively after 14 and 21 days. MC administration resulted in the disorganization of the renal redox system. MC significantly increased the kidney levels of TNF-α and IL-6 after 7, 14 and 21 days, and IL-1β after 14 and 21 days. MC significantly increased kidney p53, Bax, and caspase-3 after 14 and 21 days, and decreased Bcl-2 after 14 and 21 days. MC significantly increased the kidney levels of c-Myc and K-Ras after 7, 14 and 21 days.
Methyl cellosolve (MC) is used in production of textile, paints, stains, inks, surface coatings, and anti-icing additive in hydraulic fluids and jet fuel. Consequently, the present study investigated its effect on renal cells, in a time-course study in male Wistar rats. Animals were orally administered 50 mg/kg body weight of MC for a period of 7, 14, and 21 days. Following 7 days of administration of MC, there was a significant increase in the levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, TNF-α, IL-6 and NO, while GSH level and SOD activity were significantly reduced compared with control. At the end of 14 days exposure, RKW, GSH, NO, and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and GPx activity were significantly increased compared with control. After 21 days of MC administration, RKW, GSH, NO, IL-10 and Bcl-2 levels were significantly decreased, while levels of K-Ras, c-Myc, p53, Bax, caspase-3, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, MDA and GST activity were significantly increased compared with control. Exposures to MC in any way should be strictly avoided as it could trigger renal damage through the disorganization of the antioxidant system, up-regulation of inflammatory, apoptotic, and oncogenic markers in rats.
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Key Words
- Apoptosis
- Bax, Bcl-2 associated X
- Bcl-2, B-cell lymphoma 2
- CAT, catalase
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GSH, reduced glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- Histopathology
- IL-1β, interleukin-1 beta
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- Inflammation
- K-Ras, Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene
- Kidney
- MDA, malondialdehyde
- Methyl cellosolve
- NO, nitric oxide
- Oncogenes
- Oxidative stress
- RKW, relative kidney weight
- SOD, superoxide dismutase
- TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor alpha
- c-Myc, myelocytomatosis
- p53, tumor suppressor protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatobi T Somade
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Babajide O Ajayi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Ajayi Crowther University, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Mariana O Olushola
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Esther O Omoseebi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Biosciences, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
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22
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Ito S, Hashimoto Y, Majima R, Nakao E, Aoki H, Nishihara M, Ohno-Urabe S, Furusho A, Hirakata S, Nishida N, Hayashi M, Kuwahara K, Fukumoto Y. MRTF-A promotes angiotensin II-induced inflammatory response and aortic dissection in mice. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229888. [PMID: 32208430 PMCID: PMC7092993 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aortic dissection (AD) is a major cause of acute aortic syndrome with high mortality due to the destruction of aortic walls. Although recent studies indicate the critical role of inflammation in the disease mechanism of AD, it is unclear how inflammatory response is initiated. Here, we demonstrate that myocardin-related transcription factor A (MRTF-A), a signal transducer of humoral and mechanical stress, plays an important role in pathogenesis of AD in a mouse model. A mouse model of AD was created by continuous infusion of angiotensin II (AngII) that induced MRTF-A expression and caused AD in 4 days. Systemic deletion of Mrtfa gene resulted in a marked suppression of AD development. Transcriptome and gene annotation enrichment analyses revealed that AngII infusion for 1 day caused pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses before AD development, which were suppressed by Mrtfa deletion. AngII infusion for 1 day induced pro-inflammatory response, as demonstrated by expressions of Il6, Tnf, and Ccl2, and apoptosis of aortic wall cells, as detected by TUNEL staining, in an MRTF-A-dependent manner. Pharmacological inhibition of MRTF-A by CCG-203971 during AngII infusion partially suppressed AD phenotype, indicating that acute suppression of MRTF-A is effective in preventing the aortic wall destruction. These results indicate that MRTF-A transduces the stress of AngII challenge to the pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses, ultimately leading to AD development. Intervening this pathway may represent a potential therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohei Ito
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Ryohei Majima
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Eichi Nakao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroki Aoki
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Kurume University, Kurume, Japan
| | - Michihide Nishihara
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoko Ohno-Urabe
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Aya Furusho
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Saki Hirakata
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Norifumi Nishida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Makiko Hayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Koichiro Kuwahara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Fukumoto
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
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Henry MN, MacDonald MA, Orellana CA, Gray PP, Gillard M, Baker K, Nielsen LK, Marcellin E, Mahler S, Martínez VS. Attenuating apoptosis in Chinese hamster ovary cells for improved biopharmaceutical production. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1187-1203. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N. Henry
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Michael A. MacDonald
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Camila A. Orellana
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Peter P. Gray
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Marianne Gillard
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Kym Baker
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Patheon Biologics—A Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lars K. Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University of Denmark Kgs. Lyngby Denmark
| | - Esteban Marcellin
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Metabolomics Australia The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Stephen Mahler
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Verónica S. Martínez
- ARC Training Centre for Biopharmaceutical Innovation (CBI) Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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Kobliakov VA. The Mechanisms of Regulation of Aerobic Glycolysis (Warburg Effect) by Oncoproteins in Carcinogenesis. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:1117-1128. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919100018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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25
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Xiao Y, Liu T, Liu X, Zheng L, Yu D, Zhang Y, Qian X, Liu X. Total Astragalus saponins attenuates CVB3-induced viral myocarditis through inhibiting expression of tumor necrosis factor α and Fas ligand. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther 2019; 9:337-345. [PMID: 31555538 DOI: 10.21037/cdt.2019.07.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background To investigate the therapeutic effect of total Astragalus saponins (AST) against viral myocarditis in animal and cell models. Methods Primary myocardiocytes (PMCs) were stimulated by the coxsackie B (CVB) 3 virus to prepare the cell model of viral myocarditis. Cell viability, apoptosis and the mRNA expression of C-Myc, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and Fas were detected to evaluate the protective effects of AST on CVB3-induced PMC damage. Results AST could significantly increase survival and decrease the ratio of heart weight: body weight (P<0.05). The level of myocardial fibrosis in the AST group was significantly lower than that in the CVB3 group. Compared with the CVB3 group, the ejection fraction was increased significantly in the AST group. Levels of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-MB in the peripheral blood of the AST group were significantly lower than those in the control group. In vitro, AST could significantly decrease CVB3-induced PMC apoptosis. Expression of C-Myc, TNF-α, Fas in the AST group was significantly lower than that in the CVB3 group. Conclusions It is demonstrated that AST was protective against CVB3-induced viral myocarditis, which may be associated with a decrease in CVB3-induced apoptosis and down-regulation of expression of C-Myc, TNF-α and Fas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Tianlong Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010050, China
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
| | - Lanbin Zheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Department of Psychiatry, Inner Mongolia Mental Health Center, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Yuanyan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xinyu Qian
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010110, China
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Bian B, Juiz NA, Gayet O, Bigonnet M, Brandone N, Roques J, Cros J, Wang N, Dusetti N, Iovanna J. Pancreatic Cancer Organoids for Determining Sensitivity to Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Inhibitors (BETi). Front Oncol 2019; 9:475. [PMID: 31231611 PMCID: PMC6560163 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a heterogeneous disease, therefore stratification of patients is essential to predict their responses to therapies and to choose the best treatment. PDAC-derived organoids were produced from PDTX and Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration (EUS-FNA) biopsies. A signature based on 16 genes targets of the c-MYC oncogene was applied to classify samples into two sub-groups with distinctive phenotypes named MYC-high and MYC-low. The analysis of 9 PDTXs and the corresponding derived organoids revealed that this signature which was previously designed from PDTX is transferable to the organoid model. Primary organoids from 24 PDAC patients were treated with NHWD-870 or JQ1, two inhibitors of c-MYC transcription. Notably, the comparison of their effect between the two sub-groups showed that both compounds are more efficient in MYC-high than in MYC-low samples, being NHWD-870 the more potent treatment. In conclusion, this study shows that the molecular signatures could be applied to organoids obtained directly from PDAC patients to predict the treatment response and could help to take the more appropriate therapeutic decision for each patient in a clinical timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Natalia Anahi Juiz
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brandone
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Julie Roques
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Jérôme Cros
- Pathology Department, Beaujon Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, UMR 1149, Inflammation Research Center, INSERM - Paris Diderot University, Paris, France
| | - Nenghui Wang
- Ningbo Wenda Pharma Technology Ltd., Zhejiang, China
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
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27
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Elbadawy M, Usui T, Yamawaki H, Sasaki K. Emerging Roles of C-Myc in Cancer Stem Cell-Related Signaling and Resistance to Cancer Chemotherapy: A Potential Therapeutic Target Against Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2340. [PMID: 31083525 PMCID: PMC6539579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myc is a nuclear transcription factor that mainly regulates cell growth, cell cycle, metabolism, and survival. Myc family proteins contain c-Myc, n-Myc, and l-Myc. Among them, c-Myc can become a promising therapeutic target molecule in cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are known to be responsible for the therapeutic resistance. In the previous study, we demonstrated that c-Myc mediates drug resistance of colorectal CSCs using a patient-derived primary three-dimensional (3D) organoid culture. In this review, we mainly focus on the roles of c-Myc-related signaling in the regulation of CSCs, chemotherapy resistance, and colorectal cancer organoids. Finally, we introduce the various types of c-Myc inhibitors and propose the possibility of c-Myc as a therapeutic target against colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya 13736, Egypt.
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
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28
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Pereira SS, Monteiro MP, Antonini SR, Pignatelli D. Apoptosis regulation in adrenocortical carcinoma. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:R91-R104. [PMID: 30978697 PMCID: PMC6510712 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis evading is a hallmark of cancer. Tumor cells are characterized by having an impaired apoptosis signaling, a fact that deregulates the balance between cell death and survival, leading to tumor development, invasion and resistance to treatment. In general, patients with adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) have an extremely bad prognosis, which is related to disease progression and significant resistance to treatments. In this report, we performed an integrative review about the disruption of apoptosis in ACC that may underlie the characteristic poor prognosis in these patients. Although the apoptosis has been scarcely studied in ACC, the majority of the deregulation phenomena already described are anti-apoptotic. Most importantly, in a near future, targeting apoptosis modulation in ACC patients may become a promising therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia S Pereira
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana P Monteiro
- Endocrine, Cardiovascular & Metabolic Research, Department of Anatomy, Multidisciplinary Unit for Biomedical Research (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS/UP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Sonir R Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Duarte Pignatelli
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (I3S), Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital S. João, Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence should be addressed to D Pignatelli:
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29
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Kim U, Kim CY, Lee JM, Oh H, Ryu B, Kim J, Park JH. Phloretin Inhibits the Human Prostate Cancer Cells Through the Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:977-984. [PMID: 30937835 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Phloretin is a flavonoid with known anticancer activities. However, we do not fully understand how phloretin mitigates prostate cancer on the molecular level. In the present study, we examined changes in proliferation, colony formation, and migration after phloretin treatment in human prostate cancer cells PC3 and DU145. We measured reactive oxygen species (ROS) and gene expression. Phloretin increased ROS and suppressed cell proliferation, migration, and colony formation in both cell lines. Additionally, phloretin treatment increased oxidative stress, as demonstrated through lower antioxidant enzymes (catalase, SOD2, Gpx1, Gpx3). In addition, their regulator CISD2 decreased in expression. We also found that increased ROS significantly downregulated multiple components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (β-catenin, TCF4, FoxA2, c-Myc) and Twist1. Thus, anticancer activity of phloretin against human prostate cancer cells occurs through generating ROS to influence Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The results of this study suggest that phloretin has a therapeutic effect on prostate cancer in vitro, inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cancer cell lines PC3 and DU145. The mechanism of phloretin appears to be increasing ROS production. We thus recommend phloretin as a promising anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ukjin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - C-Yoon Kim
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanseul Oh
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Kim
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 PLUS Program for Creative Veterinary Science Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
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30
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Zheng J, Wang J, Jia Y, Liu T, Duan Y, Liang X, Liu L. microRNA-211 promotes proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of oral squamous cell carcinoma cells via targeting the bridging integrator 1 protein. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:4644-4653. [PMID: 30260023 PMCID: PMC6585605 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), the most common pathological type of oral cancer, is still a frequent malignancy with unsatisfactory prognosis. Accumulating studies have proven some microRNAs (miRNAs) can function as oncogenes in OSCC by targeting tumor suppressors. In this study, we first investigated the expression and role of tumor suppressor bridging integrator‐1 (BIN1) in OSCC tissues and cells. Our results indicated that BIN1 was low expressed in the OSCC tissues and cell lines (SCC6, SCC9, SCC25, HN4, and HN6) along with miR‐211 was highly expressed in OSCC tissues and cell lines, and BIN1 overexpression could evidently inhibit their proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities. Next, we used bioinformation algorithms to predict the potential miRNA targeting BIN1 and chose miR‐211 for further study. miR‐211, a highly expressed miRNA in OSCC cells, could specifically bind with the 3′‐untranslated region (3′‐UTR) of BIN1 to trigger its degradation. Addition of miR‐211 inhibitor could evidently suppress the malignant behaviors of OSCC cells by upregulating BIN1 expression and inhibit the activation of the EGFR/MAPK pathway. Taken together the findings of the study indicated that miR‐211 mediated BIN1 downregulation had crucial significances in OSCC, suggesting the miR‐211 might be a novel potential therapeutic target for the OSCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiabao Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Jia
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianxu Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xing Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
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31
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Yoshida GJ. Emerging roles of Myc in stem cell biology and novel tumor therapies. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:173. [PMID: 30053872 PMCID: PMC6062976 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0835-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological roles and the therapeutic potentials of Myc family are reviewed in this article. The physiological functions and molecular machineries in stem cells, including embryonic stem (ES) cells and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, are clearly described. The c-Myc/Max complex inhibits the ectopic differentiation of both types of artificial stem cells. Whereas c-Myc plays a fundamental role as a "double-edged sword" promoting both iPS cells generation and malignant transformation, L-Myc contributes to the nuclear reprogramming with the significant down-regulation of differentiation-associated genetic expression. Furthermore, given the therapeutic resistance of neuroendocrine tumors such as small-cell lung cancer and neuroblastoma, the roles of N-Myc in difficult-to-treat tumors are discussed. N-Myc and p53 exhibit the co-localization in the nucleus and alter p53-dependent transcriptional responses which are necessary for DNA repair, anti-apoptosis, and lipid metabolic reprogramming. NCYM protein stabilizes N-Myc, resulting in the stimulation of Oct4 expression, while Oct4 induces both N-Myc and NCYM via direct transcriptional activation of N-Myc, [corrected] thereby leading to the enhanced metastatic potential. Importantly enough, accumulating evidence strongly suggests that c-Myc can be a promising therapeutic target molecule among Myc family in terms of the biological characteristics of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). The presence of CSCs leads to the intra-tumoral heterogeneity, which is mainly responsible for the therapeutic resistance. Mechanistically, it has been shown that Myc-induced epigenetic reprogramming enhances the CSC phenotypes. In this review article, the author describes two major therapeutic strategies of CSCs by targeting c-Myc; Firstly, Myc-dependent metabolic reprogramming is closely related to CD44 variant-dependent redox stress regulation in CSCs. It has been shown that c-Myc increases NADPH production via enhanced glutaminolysis with a finely-regulated mechanism. Secondly, the dormancy of CSCs due to FBW7-depedent c-Myc degradation pathway is also responsible for the therapeutic resistance to the conventional anti-tumor agents, the action points of which are largely dependent on the operation of the cell cycle. That is why the loss-of-functional mutations of FBW7 gene are expected to trigger "awakening" of dormant CSCs in the niche with c-Myc up-regulation. Collectively, although the further research is warranted to develop the effective anti-tumor therapeutic strategy targeting Myc family, we cancer researchers should always catch up with the current advances in the complex functions of Myc family in highly-malignant and heterogeneous tumor cells to realize the precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Go J Yoshida
- Department of Pathological Cell Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
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32
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Rubens JA, Wang SZ, Price A, Weingart MF, Allen SJ, Orr BA, Eberhart CG, Raabe EH. The TORC1/2 inhibitor TAK228 sensitizes atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors to cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity. Neuro Oncol 2018; 19:1361-1371. [PMID: 28582547 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumors (AT/RTs) are deadly pediatric brain tumors driven by LIN28. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is activated in many deadly, drug-resistant cancers and governs important cellular functions such as metabolism and survival. LIN28 regulates mTOR in normal cells. We therefore hypothesized that mTOR is activated downstream of LIN28 in AT/RT, and the brain-penetrating mTOR complex 1 and 2 (mTORC1/2) kinase inhibitor TAK228 would reduce AT/RT tumorigenicity. Methods Activation of mTOR in AT/RT was determined by measuring pS6 and pAKT (Ser473) by immunohistochemistry on tissue microarray of 18 primary AT/RT tumors. In vitro growth assays (BrdU and MTS), death assays (CC3, c-PARP by western blot), and survival curves of AT/RT orthotopic xenograft models were used to measure the efficacy of TAK228 alone and in combination with cisplatin. Results Lentiviral short hairpin RNA-mediated knockdown of LIN28A led to decreased mTOR activation. Primary human AT/RT had high levels of pS6 and pAKT (Ser473) in 21% and 87% of tumors by immunohistochemistry. TAK228 slowed cell growth, induced apoptosis in vitro, and nearly doubled median survival of orthotopic xenograft models of AT/RT. TAK228 combined with cisplatin synergistically slowed cell growth and enhanced cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Suppression of AKT sensitized cells to cisplatin-induced apoptosis and forced activation of AKT protected cells. Combined treatment with TAK228 and cisplatin significantly extended survival of orthotopic xenograft models of AT/RT compared with each drug alone. Conclusions TAK228 has efficacy in AT/RT as a single agent and synergizes with conventional chemotherapies by sensitizing tumors to cisplatin-induced apoptosis. These results suggest TAK228 may be an effective new treatment for AT/RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Rubens
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sabrina Z Wang
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Antoinette Price
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Melanie F Weingart
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Sariah J Allen
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Brent A Orr
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Charles G Eberhart
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Neuropathology and Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center and Division of Pediatric Oncology and Bloomberg Children's Hospital, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland; St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
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Radugina EA, Almeida EAC, Blaber E, Poplinskaya VA, Markitantova YV, Grigoryan EN. Exposure to microgravity for 30 days onboard Bion M1 caused muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration in murine femoral Quadriceps. LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2018; 16:18-25. [PMID: 29475516 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical unloading in microgravity during spaceflight is known to cause muscular atrophy, changes in muscle fiber composition, gene expression, and reduction in regenerative muscle growth. Although some limited data exists for long-term effects of microgravity in human muscle, these processes have mostly been studied in rodents for short periods of time. Here we report on how long-term (30-day long) mechanical unloading in microgravity affects murine muscles of the femoral Quadriceps group. To conduct these studies we used muscle tissue from 6 microgravity mice, in comparison to habitat (7), and vivarium (14) ground control mice from the NASA Biospecimen Sharing Program conducted in collaboration with the Institute for Biomedical Problems of the Russian Academy of Sciences, during the Russian Bion M1 biosatellite mission in 2013. Muscle histomorphology from microgravity specimens showed signs of extensive atrophy and regenerative hypoplasia relative to ground controls. Specifically, we observed a two-fold decrease in the number of myonuclei, compared to vivarium and ground controls, and central location of myonuclei, low density of myofibers in the tissue, and of myofibrils within a fiber, as well as fragmentation and swelling of myofibers. Despite obvious atrophy, muscle regeneration nevertheless appeared to have continued after 30 days in microgravity as evidenced by thin and short newly formed myofibers. Many of them, however, showed evidence of apoptotic cells and myofibril degradation, suggesting that long-term unloading in microgravity may affect late stages of myofiber differentiation. Ground asynchronous and vivarium control animals demonstrated normal, well-developed tissue structure with sufficient blood and nerve supply and evidence of regenerative formation of new myofibers free of apoptotic nuclei. Regenerative activity of satellite cells in muscles was observed both in microgravity and ground control groups, using Pax7 and Myogenin immunolocalization, as well as Myogenin expression analysis. In addition, we have detected positive nuclear immunolocalization of c-Jun and c-Myc proteins indicating their sensitivity to changes in gravitational loading in a given model. In summary, long-term spaceflight in microgravity caused significant atrophy and degeneration of the femoral Quadriceps muscle group, and it may interfere with muscle regenerative processes by inducing apoptosis in newly-formed myofibrils during their differentiation phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Radugina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia.
| | - E A C Almeida
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - E Blaber
- NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA
| | - V A Poplinskaya
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - Y V Markitantova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
| | - E N Grigoryan
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology RAS, 26 Vavilova street, Moscow 119334, Russia
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34
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Zhang Q, Hu CM, Yuan Y, He C, Zhao Q, Liu N. Expression of Mina53 and its Significance in Gastric Carcinoma. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 23:83-8. [DOI: 10.1177/172460080802300204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim To study the expression of Mina53 and its relationships with clinicopathological characteristics, antioncogene inactivation and tumor proliferation in human gastric carcinoma, and to explore the role of Mina53 in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Methods Expression of Mina53 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was determined in gastric carcinoma (n=79), gastric dysplasia (n=21) and normal gastric tissues (n=20), while p53 was measured in gastric carcinoma tissues by immunohistochemistry. Results Mina53 was negatively expressed in all normal mucosa tissues. Dysplasia specimens showed weakly positive staining for Mina53 in 3 of 21 cases. Elevated expression of Mina53 was observed in 72 (91.1%) of the gastric carcinomas. No significant associations were found between Mina53 and clinicopathological characteristics such as sex, age, histological differentiation, distant metastasis and lymph node metastasis (p>0.05). There was a significant association with depth of invasion (χ2=5.385, p<0.05) and TMN stage (χ2=6.255, p<0.05). In gastric carcinoma, positive staining for p53 was detected in 53 of 79 cases (67.1%), showing a significant association with Mina53 (χ2=5.161, p<0.05). The mean (± SD) PCNA labeling index for gastric carcinoma was 39.47±16.92%. Mina53 expression was positively associated with PCNA level (r=0.756, p<0.01). Conclusion Mina53 was overexpressed in gastric carcinoma and associated with tumor proliferation and antioncogene inactivation. Mina53 could therefore play an important role in the carcinogenesis and progression of gastric carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q. Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province
| | - CM. Hu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province
| | - Y.S. Yuan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Medical College of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province
| | - C.H. He
- Department of Gastroenterology, No.1 Hospital Affiliated to Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province
| | - Q. Zhao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province - PR China
| | - N.Z. Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tongji Hospital Affiliated to Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province - PR China
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Cao L, Zhang P, Li J, Wu M. LAST, a c-Myc-inducible long noncoding RNA, cooperates with CNBP to promote CCND1 mRNA stability in human cells. eLife 2017; 6:30433. [PMID: 29199958 PMCID: PMC5739540 DOI: 10.7554/elife.30433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1 is a critical regulator of cell cycle progression and works at the G1 to S-phase transition. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of the novel c-Myc-regulated lncRNA LAST (LncRNA-Assisted Stabilization of Transcripts), which acts as a CCND1 mRNA stabilizer. Mechanistically, LAST was shown to cooperate with CNBP to bind to the 5′UTR of CCND1 mRNA to protect against possible nuclease targeting. In addition, data from CNBP RIP-seq and LAST RNA-seq showed that CCND1 mRNA might not be the only target of LAST and CNBP; three additional mRNAs were shown to be post-transcriptional targets of LAST and CNBP. In a xenograft model, depletion of LAST diminished and ectopic expression of LAST induced tumor formation, which are suggestive of its oncogenic function. We thus report a previously unknown lncRNA involved in the fine-tuned regulation of CCND1 mRNA stability, without which CCND1 exhibits, at most, partial expression. Cell division involves a series of steps in which the cell grows, duplicates its contents, and then divides into two. Together these steps are called the cell cycle, and the transition between each step must be controlled to make sure that events take place in the right order. Any loss of control can cause cells to divide in an unrestrained manner, which may lead to cancer. Proteins called cyclins control progression through the cell cycle. As such, these proteins need to be produced in the correct amounts and at the correct times. Transcription factors are proteins that switch genes on or off to help regulate how much protein is made from those genes. A transcription factor known as c-Myc regulates the expression of the genes that encode the cyclins. Among these genes, one called CCND1 is particularly important because it encodes a protein that controls a crucial transition in the cell cycle: it marks a ‘point of no return’, beyond which cells are committed to dividing. When a transcription factor switches on a gene, the gene gets copied into a molecule of messenger RNA, which is then translated into protein. But, cells also contain genes that do not code for proteins. Transcription factors can bind to such non-coding genes, leading to the production of so-called long non-coding RNAs (often abbreviated to lncRNAs). Many lncRNAs can affect the expression of other genes. Cao, Zhang et al. have now asked whether any lncRNAs regulate CCND1 in human cells. The analysis revealed that the transcription factor c-Myc promotes the expression of a previously unidentified lncRNA. Cao, Zhang et al. name this lncRNA LAST, which is officially short for LncRNA-assisted stabilization of transcripts, and show thatit makes the CCND1 messenger RNA more stable. In other words, it makes the messenger RNAs ‘last’ longer in the cell. This in turn, ensures that the cell cycle progresses in the correct manner, allowing cells to complete their division. In the absence of LAST, the CCND1 messenger RNA becomes unstable and as a result the cell cycle does not progress. Cao, Zhang et al. then explored the role of LAST in cancer cells. When human colon cancer cells that expressed LAST were implanted into mice, they formed tumors. Yet, reducing the expression of LAST in the colon cancer cells made the tumors grow slower. Future challenges will be to understand how LAST makes messenger RNAs stable and further explore its role in cancer. A better understanding of this molecule could reveal whether it can be used to help doctors diagnose or treat cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limian Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Sciences, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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Wang L, Huang D, Huang C, Yin Y, Vali K, Zhang M, Tang Y. Enhanced human somatic cell reprogramming efficiency by fusion of the MYC transactivation domain and OCT4. Stem Cell Res 2017; 25:88-97. [PMID: 29125994 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2017.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) holds great promise for regenerative medicine. However the iPSC induction efficiency is still very low and with lengthy reprogramming process. We utilized the highly potent transactivation domain (TAD) of MYC protein to engineer the human OCT4 fusion proteins. Applying the MYC-TAD-OCT4 fusion proteins in mouse iPSC generation leads to shorter reprogramming dynamics, with earlier activation of pluripotent markers in reprogrammed cells than wild type OCT4 (wt-OCT4). Dramatic enhancement of iPSC colony induction efficiency and shortened reprogramming dynamics were observed when these MYC-TAD-OCT4 fusion proteins were used to reprogram primary human cells. The OCT4 fusion proteins induced human iPSCs are pluripotent. We further show that the MYC Box I (MBI) is dispensable while both MBII and the linking region between MBI/II are essential for the enhanced reprogramming activity of MYC-TAD-OCT4 fusion protein. Consistent with an enhanced transcription activity, the engineered OCT4 significantly stimulated the expression of genes specifically targeted by OCT4-alone, OCT4/SOX2, and OCT4/SOX2/KLF4 during human iPSC induction, compared with the wt-OCT4. The MYC-TAD-OCT4 fusion proteins we generated will be valuable tools for studying the reprogramming mechanisms and for efficient iPSC generation for humans as well as for other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Delun Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA; State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Chang Huang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Yexuan Yin
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Kaneha Vali
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Young Tang
- Department of Animal Science, Institute for Systems Genomics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
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Wang X, Wang J, Jia Y, Wang Y, Han X, Duan Y, Lv W, Ma M, Liu L. Methylation decreases the Bin1 tumor suppressor in ESCC and restoration by decitabine inhibits the epithelial mesenchymal transition. Oncotarget 2017; 8:19661-19673. [PMID: 28152502 PMCID: PMC5386712 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bridging integrator-1 (Bin1), as a tumor suppressor, is frequently attenuated or even abolished in multiple primary cancers. A reduced expression of Bin1 caused by DNA methylation, has been reported in breast and prostate cancers. However, the methylation status of Bin1 and potent biological functions in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain unclear. In a previous study, we showed that the Bin1 expression was low in ESCC tissues. Herein, we further characterized this mechanism, confirming that gene hypermethylation was significantly correlated with the aberrant attenuation of Bin1. In addition, the Bin1 hypermethylation was associated with the poorer clinical parameters and shorter survival times of ESCC patients. Methylation-specific reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (MS-RT-PCR) showed that Bin1 was hypermethylated in several ESCC cell lines, which might be the main cause of reduced Bin1 expression. In addition, treatment with the de-methylation agent Decitabine (DAC) could restore Bin1 expression and evidently restrained ESCC cell malignant behaviors, particularly the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) via reactivating the PTEN/AKT signaling pathway to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 expression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, these results demonstrated that Bin1 methylation could augment the malignant biological behaviors of ESCC and predict the poor prognosis for ESCC patients, thus indicating the potential clinical application value of DAC-based de-methylation therapy in ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexiao Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yunlong Jia
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xiaonan Han
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yuqing Duan
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lihua Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
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38
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Bian B, Bigonnet M, Gayet O, Loncle C, Maignan A, Gilabert M, Moutardier V, Garcia S, Turrini O, Delpero JR, Giovannini M, Grandval P, Gasmi M, Ouaissi M, Secq V, Poizat F, Nicolle R, Blum Y, Marisa L, Rubis M, Raoul JL, Bradner JE, Qi J, Lomberk G, Urrutia R, Saul A, Dusetti N, Iovanna J. Gene expression profiling of patient-derived pancreatic cancer xenografts predicts sensitivity to the BET bromodomain inhibitor JQ1: implications for individualized medicine efforts. EMBO Mol Med 2017; 9:482-497. [PMID: 28275007 PMCID: PMC5376755 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
c-MYC controls more than 15% of genes responsible for proliferation, differentiation, and cellular metabolism in pancreatic as well as other cancers making this transcription factor a prime target for treating patients. The transcriptome of 55 patient-derived xenografts show that 30% of them share an exacerbated expression profile of MYC transcriptional targets (MYC-high). This cohort is characterized by a high level of Ki67 staining, a lower differentiation state, and a shorter survival time compared to the MYC-low subgroup. To define classifier expression signature, we selected a group of 10 MYC target transcripts which expression is increased in the MYC-high group and six transcripts increased in the MYC-low group. We validated the ability of these markers panel to identify MYC-high patient-derived xenografts from both: discovery and validation cohorts as well as primary cell cultures from the same patients. We then showed that cells from MYC-high patients are more sensitive to JQ1 treatment compared to MYC-low cells, in monolayer, 3D cultured spheroids and in vivo xenografted tumors, due to cell cycle arrest followed by apoptosis. Therefore, these results provide new markers and potentially novel therapeutic modalities for distinct subgroups of pancreatic tumors and may find application to the future management of these patients within the setting of individualized medicine clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bian
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Martin Bigonnet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Odile Gayet
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Celine Loncle
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Maignan
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Marine Gilabert
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Vincent Moutardier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM-Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Stephane Garcia
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Turrini
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France.,Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed Gasmi
- Hôpital Nord, Marseille, France.,CIC1409, AP-HM-Hôpital Nord, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | - Rémy Nicolle
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Yuna Blum
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Marisa
- Programme Cartes d'Identité des Tumeurs (CIT), Ligue Nationale Contre Le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Marion Rubis
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | | | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gwen Lomberk
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Raul Urrutia
- Laboratory of Epigenetics and Chromatin Dynamics, Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andres Saul
- Centre Interdisciplinaire de Nanoscience de Marseille-CNRS UMR 7325, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
| | - Juan Iovanna
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Marseille, France
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Wang J, Jia Y, Zhao S, Zhang X, Wang X, Han X, Wang Y, Ma M, Shi J, Liu L. BIN1 reverses PD-L1-mediated immune escape by inactivating the c-MYC and EGFR/MAPK signaling pathways in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncogene 2017; 36:6235-6243. [PMID: 28714960 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common and malignant carcinoma worldwide, and the incidence and mortality are increasing rapidly. Immunotherapy targeting programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) signaling has shown prominent clinical effects in treating NSCLC; however, a poor understanding of the associated regulating molecular mechanisms of PD-L1 has become one of the biggest obstacles for further improving efficacy. Bridging integrator-1 (BIN1) can regulate numerous cancer-related molecules to exert multiple tumor-suppressing effects by either interacting or not interacting with c-MYC. In the present study, we observed that there exists a negative correlation between the expression of PD-L1 and BIN1 in NSCLC tissues. The expression levels of BIN1 and PD-L1 were significantly related to the tumor, lymph node and metastasis grade (TNM) stage, invasion range and lymph node metastasis. Simultaneously, for NSCLC patients, the expression statuses of BIN1 and PD-L1 might be independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, the expression of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was positively associated with BIN1 expression and negatively related to PD-L1 expression in NSCLC tissues. Importantly, we showed that PD-L1 was under the control of BIN1. In addition, the overexpression of BIN1 could inhibit the c-MYC and epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR)-dependent PD-L1 expression and reverse the suppressive immuno-microenvironment in vivo. Taken together, our findings indicated that BIN1 restoration in NSCLC could reverse PD-L1-mediated immune escape by inactivating the c-MYC and EGFR/mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Jia
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - S Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Zhang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - X Han
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - M Ma
- Research Center, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - J Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University and Hebei Cancer Institute, Shijiazhuang, China
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40
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Gu Y, Zhang J, Ma X, Kim BW, Wang H, Li J, Pan Y, Xu Y, Ding L, Yang L, Guo C, Wu X, Wu J, Wu K, Gan X, Li G, Li L, Forman SJ, Chan WC, Xu R, Huang W. Stabilization of the c-Myc Protein by CAMKIIγ Promotes T Cell Lymphoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 32:115-128.e7. [PMID: 28697340 PMCID: PMC5552197 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although high c-Myc protein expression is observed alongside MYC amplification in some cancers, in most cases protein overexpression occurs in the absence of gene amplification, e.g., T cell lymphoma (TCL). Here, Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ (CAMKIIγ) was shown to stabilize the c-Myc protein by directly phosphorylating it at serine 62 (S62). Furthermore, CAMKIIγ was shown to be essential for tumor maintenance. Inhibition of CAMKIIγ with a specific inhibitor destabilized c-Myc and reduced tumor burden. Importantly, high CAMKIIγ levels in patient TCL specimens correlate with increased c-Myc and pS62-c-Myc levels. Together, the CAMKIIγ:c-Myc axis critically influences the development and maintenance of TCL and represents a potential therapeutic target for TCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Gu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jiawei Zhang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Byung-Wook Kim
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Hailong Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jinfan Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Yi Pan
- Department of Pathology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Chao Guo
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiwei Wu
- The Integrative Genomics Core, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Division of Comparative Medicine, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Kirk Wu
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Gan
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Gang Li
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Ling Li
- Division of Hematopoietic Stem Cell & Leukemia Research, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematology & Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Wing-Chung Chan
- Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Pathology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Rongzhen Xu
- Department of Hematology, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China; Cancer Institute (Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, China National Ministry of Education), Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.
| | - Wendong Huang
- Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer Program & Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Irell & Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Secreted Frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) chemo-sensitizes cancer stem cells derived from human breast, prostate, and ovary tumor cell lines. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2256. [PMID: 28536422 PMCID: PMC5442130 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated molecular signals essential to sustain cancer stem cells (CSCs) and assessed their activity in the presence of secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4) alone or in combination with chemotherapeutic drugs. SFRP4 is a known Wnt antagonist, and is also pro-apoptotic and anti-angiogenic. Additionally, sFRP4 has been demonstrated to confer chemo-sensitization and improve chemotherapeutic efficacy. CSCs were isolated from breast, prostate, and ovary tumor cell lines, and characterized using tumor-specific markers such as CD44+/CD24−/CD133+. The post-transcription data from CSCs that have undergone combinatorial treatment with sFRP4 and chemotherapeutic drugs suggest downregulation of stemness genes and upregulation of pro-apoptotic markers. The post-translational modification of CSCs demonstrated a chemo-sensitization effect of sFRP4 when used in combination with tumor-specific drugs. SFRP4 in combination with doxorubicin/cisplatin reduced the proliferative capacity of the CSC population in vitro. Wnt/β-catenin signaling is important for proliferation and self-renewal of CSCs in association with human tumorigenesis. The silencing of this signaling pathway by the application of sFRP4 suggests potential for improved in vivo chemo-responses.
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Lee SH, Hyun SK, Kim HB, Kang CD, Kim SH. Potential Role of CD133 Expression in the Susceptibility of Human Liver Cancer Stem-Like Cells to TRAIL. Oncol Res 2017; 24:495-509. [PMID: 28281970 PMCID: PMC7838688 DOI: 10.3727/096504016x14685034103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies, with a poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. In the present study, we identified CD133, one of the markers of cancer stem cells, as a novel molecular target of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). In four human HCC cell lines established from primary HCC tumors, we found that CD133-high human liver cancer stem-like cells (CD133hi) derived from the SNU-475 cell line were highly susceptible to TRAIL compared to other HCC cell lines with a small population of CD133. CD133hi SNU-475 cells showed upregulation of TRAIL receptor DR5 and stemness-related genes such as c-Myc and ABC transporters compared to their CD133-low (CD133lo) cells. Hypersensitivity of CD133hi cells to TRAIL was associated with c-Myc-mediated upregulation of DR5 and downregulation of c-FLIPL in the cells. Knockdown of CD133 expression in CD133hi cells resulted in the downregulation of c-Myc, and depletion of c-Myc caused a decrease in the cell surface expression of DR5 and an increase in the expression of c-FLIPL and, consequently, attenuated TRAIL-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis of CD133hi cells. These results suggest that TRAIL may provide a new strategy for CD133hi CSCs of HCC-targeted therapies and, potentially, for therapies of other CD133-expressing types of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan, South Korea
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DUX4-induced dsRNA and MYC mRNA stabilization activate apoptotic pathways in human cell models of facioscapulohumeral dystrophy. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006658. [PMID: 28273136 PMCID: PMC5362247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by the mis-expression of DUX4 in skeletal muscle cells. DUX4 is a transcription factor that activates genes normally associated with stem cell biology and its mis-expression in FSHD cells results in apoptosis. To identify genes and pathways necessary for DUX4-mediated apoptosis, we performed an siRNA screen in an RD rhabdomyosarcoma cell line with an inducible DUX4 transgene. Our screen identified components of the MYC-mediated apoptotic pathway and the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) innate immune response pathway as mediators of DUX4-induced apoptosis. Further investigation revealed that DUX4 expression led to increased MYC mRNA, accumulation of nuclear dsRNA foci, and activation of the dsRNA response pathway in both RD cells and human myoblasts. Nuclear dsRNA foci were associated with aggregation of the exon junction complex component EIF4A3. The elevation of MYC mRNA, dsRNA accumulation, and EIF4A3 nuclear aggregates in FSHD muscle cells suggest that these processes might contribute to FSHD pathophysiology. Facioscapulohumeral dystrophy (FSHD) is a common form of muscular dystrophy which is currently untreatable. It is caused by the inappropriate expression in skeletal muscle of the gene DUX4 that encodes a transcription factor normally expressed in some stem cells. When DUX4 is expressed in cultured human or mouse skeletal muscle cells, it activates a program of cell death. Knowing the molecular basis for the cell death induced by DUX4 is important to determine the mechanism of muscle damage in FSHD. We used a molecular screening approach to identify genes and pathways necessary for DUX4 to induce the cell death program. We found that DUX4 activated a known MYC-induced cell death pathway, at least in part through stabilization of MYC mRNA. We also found that DUX4 expression led to an accumulation of double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) that induced a cell death pathway evolved to protect against viral infections. This dsRNA accumulation was accompanied by aggregation of the EIF4A3 protein, a factor involved in mRNA surveillance and decay, which may provide a partial mechanism for how DUX4 can inhibit RNA quality control pathways in cells. Because FSHD muscle cells have increased MYC mRNA, dsRNA accumulation, and EIF4A3 nuclear aggregates, we conclude that these processes might contribute to FSHD pathophysiology.
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Vanli G, Sempoux C, Widmann C. The caspase-3/p120 RasGAP stress-sensing module reduces liver cancer incidence but does not affect overall survival in gamma-irradiated and carcinogen-treated mice. Mol Carcinog 2017; 56:1680-1684. [PMID: 28150874 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Activation of oncogenes is the initial step in cellular transformation. Oncogenes favor aberrant proliferation, which, at least initially, induces cellular stress. This oncogenic stress can act as a safeguard mechanism against further transformation by inducing senescence or apoptosis. Yet, the few premalignant cells that tolerate and escape these senescent or apoptotic responses are those that will ultimately generate tumors. The caspase-3/p120 RasGAP module is a stress-sensing device that promotes survival under mild stress conditions. A point mutation in RasGAP that prevents its cleavage by caspase-3 inactivates the pro-survival capacity of the device. When the mice homozygous for this mutation (D455A knock-in mice) are patho-physiologically challenged, they experience much stronger cellular damage than their wild-type counterparts and the affected organs rapidly lose their functionality. We reasoned that the caspase-3/p120 RasGAP module could help premalignant cells to cope with oncogenic stress and hence favor the development of tumors. Using gamma-irradiation and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) as tumor initiators, we assessed the survival advantage that the caspase-3/p120 RasGAP module could provide to premalignant cells. No difference in overall mortality between wild-type and D455A knock-in mice were observed. However, the number of ENU-induced liver tumors in the knock-in mice was higher than in control mice. These results indicate that the caspase-3/p120 RasGAP stress-sensing module impacts on carcinogen-induced liver cancer incidence but not sufficiently so as to affect overall survival. Hence, gamma irradiation and ENU-induced tumorigenesis processes do not critically rely on a survival mechanism that contributes to the maintenance of organ homeostasis in stressed healthy tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Güliz Vanli
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christine Sempoux
- Institute of Pathology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Widmann
- Department of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Maino B, Paparone S, Severini C, Ciotti MT, D'agata V, Calissano P, Cavallaro S. Drug target identification at the crossroad of neuronal apoptosis and survival. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2017; 12:249-259. [PMID: 28067072 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2017.1280023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inappropriate activation of apoptosis may contribute to neurodegeneration, a multifaceted process that results in various chronic disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Several in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that neuronal apoptosis is a multi-pathway cell-death program that requires RNA synthesis. Thus, transcriptionally activated genes whose products induce cell death can be triggered by different stimuli and antagonized by neurotrophic factors. Systems biology is now unveiling the series of intracellular signaling pathways and key drug targets at the intersection of neuronal apoptosis and survival. Areas covered: This review introduces a genomic approach that can be used to elucidate the systems biology of neuronal apoptosis and survival, and to rationally select drug targets, no longer oriented to emulate the action of growth factors at the membrane receptor level, but rather to modulate their downstream signals. Expert opinion: The advent of genomics is offering an unprecedented opportunity to explore how the delicate balance between apoptosis and survival-inducing signals triggers a transcriptional program. Characterization of this program can be useful to identify potential pharmacological targets for existing drugs. Such knowledge might pave the way towards an innovative pharmacology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Maino
- a Institute of Neurological Sciences , Italian National Research Council , Catania , Italy
| | - Simona Paparone
- a Institute of Neurological Sciences , Italian National Research Council , Catania , Italy
| | - Cinzia Severini
- b Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology , Italian National Research Council , Roma , Italy.,c European Brain Research Institute , 00143 Roma , Italy
| | - Maria Teresa Ciotti
- b Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology , Italian National Research Council , Roma , Italy
| | - Velia D'agata
- d Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Human Anatomy and Histology , University of Catania , 95125 Catania , Italy
| | | | - Sebastiano Cavallaro
- a Institute of Neurological Sciences , Italian National Research Council , Catania , Italy
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Heinzel S, Binh Giang T, Kan A, Marchingo JM, Lye BK, Corcoran LM, Hodgkin PD. A Myc-dependent division timer complements a cell-death timer to regulate T cell and B cell responses. Nat Immunol 2016; 18:96-103. [PMID: 27820810 DOI: 10.1038/ni.3598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes integrate activating signals to control the size of their proliferative response. Here we report that such control was achieved by timed changes in the production rate of cell-cycle-regulating proto-oncoprotein Myc, with division cessation occurring when Myc levels fell below a critical threshold. The changing pattern of the level of Myc was not affected by cell division, which identified the regulating mechanism as a cell-intrinsic, heritable temporal controller. Overexpression of Myc in stimulated T cells and B cells did not sustain cell proliferation indefinitely, as a separate 'time-to-die' mechanism, also heritable, was programmed after lymphocyte activation and led to eventual cell loss. Together the two competing cell-intrinsic timed fates created the canonical T cell and B cell immune-response pattern of rapid growth followed by loss of most cells. Furthermore, small changes in these timed processes by regulatory signals, or by oncogenic transformation, acted in synergy to greatly enhance cell numbers over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heinzel
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Tran Binh Giang
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrey Kan
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Julia M Marchingo
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Bryan K Lye
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Lynn M Corcoran
- Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Division of Molecular Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia
| | - Philip D Hodgkin
- Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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Abstract
As an indispensable process of cell life, apoptosis is essential for keeping homeostasis at cell level. Dysregulation of apoptosis is usually involved in the pathological processes of many complex diseases including cancer. With the properties such as high affinity and specificity to their targets, easy of synthesis and modification and good biocompatibility, aptamers have been attractive molecules applied in basic research, diagnostics and therapeutics. This review mainly focuses on the recent researches on application of aptamers in interference of cell apoptosis. Key targets along the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptosis pathways were respectively dissected using aptamers as a tool, providing an insight into the pathological processes, especially for cancer.
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48
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Qu Y, Liu L, Niu Y, Qu Y, Li N, Sun W, Lv C, Wang P, Zhang G, Liu S. Viral proliferation and expression of tumor-related gene in different chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with different tumorigenic phenotypes of avian leukosis virus subgroup J. Poult Sci 2016; 95:2383-90. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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49
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Li X, Wang W, Xi Y, Gao M, Tran M, Aziz KE, Qin J, Li W, Chen J. FOXR2 Interacts with MYC to Promote Its Transcriptional Activities and Tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2016; 16:487-497. [PMID: 27346356 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
By combining the results of a large-scale proteomic analysis of the human transcription factor interaction network with knowledge databases, we identified FOXR2 as one of the top-ranked candidate proto-oncogenes. Here, we show that FOXR2 forms a stable complex with MYC and MAX and subsequently regulates cell proliferation by promoting MYC's transcriptional activities. We demonstrate that FOXR2 is highly expressed in several breast, lung, and liver cancer cell lines and related patient tumor samples, while reduction of FOXR2 expression in a xenograft model inhibits tumor growth. These results indicate that FOXR2 acts with MYC to promote cancer cell proliferation, which is a potential tumor-specific target for therapeutic intervention against MYC-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanxin Xi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - MyKim Tran
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kathryn E Aziz
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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50
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Shin JM, Jeong YJ, Cho HJ, Magae J, Bae YS, Chang YC. Suppression of c-Myc induces apoptosis via an AMPK/mTOR-dependent pathway by 4-O-methyl-ascochlorin in leukemia cells. Apoptosis 2016; 21:657-68. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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