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Chi CW, Lao YH, Ahmed AHR, He S, Merghoub T, Leong KW, Wang S. Enabling continuous immune cell recirculation on a microfluidic array to study immunotherapeutic interactions in a recapitulated tumour microenvironment. LAB ON A CHIP 2024; 24:396-407. [PMID: 38180130 DOI: 10.1039/d3lc00662j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The effects of immunotherapeutics on interactions between immune and cancer cells are modulated by multiple components in the tumour microenvironment (TME), including endothelium and tumour stroma, which provide both a physical barrier and immunosuppressive stimuli. Herein, we report a recirculating chip to enable continuous immune cell recirculation through a microfluidic cell array to include these crucial players. This system consists of a three-layered cell array (μFCA) spatially emulating the TME, with tailored fluidic circuits establishing T cell recirculation. This platform enables the study of dynamics among the TME, immune cells in a circulatory system and cancer cell responses thereof. Through this system, we found that tumour endothelium hindered T cell infiltration into the reconstructed breast cancer tumour compartment. This negative effect was alleviated when treated with anti-human PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand 1) antibody. Another key stromal component - cancer associated fibroblasts - attenuated T cell infiltration, compared against normal fibroblasts, and led to reduced apoptotic activity in cancer cells. These results confirm the capability of our tumour-on-a-chip system in identifying some key axes to target in overcoming barriers to immunotherapy by recapitulating immune cell interactions with the reconstructed TME. Our results also attest to the feasibility of scaling up this system for high-throughput cancer immunotherapeutic screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Wei Chi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - A H Rezwanuddin Ahmed
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
| | - Siyu He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Taha Merghoub
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sihong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, CUNY - City College of New York, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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2
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Unterberger S, Mullen L, Flint MS, Sacre S. Multiple TLRs elicit alternative NLRP3 inflammasome activation in primary human monocytes independent of RIPK1 kinase activity. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1092799. [PMID: 37954581 PMCID: PMC10639122 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1092799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The canonical NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) pathway involves a priming step to induce pro-IL-1β followed by a secondary signal such as K+ efflux to activate inflammasome formation. This then leads to the maturation of IL-1β and the formation of gasdermin D (GSDMD) pores that initiate pyroptosis and mediate IL-1β release. In contrast, primary human monocytes also engage an alternative pathway in response to toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation, without the need for a secondary signal. Data from a monocyte-like cell line suggest that the alternative pathway functions via the TLR adaptor protein TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), FAS-associated death domain (FADD) and caspase-8 upstream of NLRP3 activation, but in the absence of K+ efflux or pyroptosis. Usage of the alternative pathway by other members of the TLR family that induce IL-1β but do not signal through TRIF, has yet to be explored in primary human monocytes. Furthermore, the mechanism by which IL-1β is released from monocytes remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigated if the alternative NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is initiated following activation of TLRs other than TLR4, and if GSDMD was necessary for the release of IL-1β. Monocytes were stimulated with ligands that activate TLR1/2, TLR2/6, TLR4 and TLR7 and/or TLR8 (using a dual ligand). Similar to TLR4, all of the TLRs investigated induced IL-1β release in a NLRP3 and caspase-1 dependent manner, indicating that TRIF may not be an essential upstream component of the alternative pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of RIPK1 kinase activity had no effect on IL-1β release. Although IL-1β was released independently of K+ efflux and pyroptosis, it was significantly reduced by an inhibitor of GSDMD. Therefore, it is feasible that low level GSDMD pore formation may facilitate the release of IL-1β from the cell, but not be present in sufficient quantities to initiate pyroptosis. Together these data suggest that the alternative pathway operates independently of RIPK1 kinase activity, downstream of diverse TLRs including TLR4 in primary human monocytes and supports the potential for IL-1β release via GSDMD pores alongside other unconventional secretory pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Unterberger
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Mullen
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Melanie S. Flint
- Centre for Stress and Age-related Disease, School of Applied Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Sacre
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Hoffman E, Urbano L, Martin A, Mahendran R, Patel A, Murnane D, Page C, Dailey LA, Forbes B, Hutter V. Profiling alveolar macrophage responses to inhaled compounds using in vitro high content image analysis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2023; 474:116608. [PMID: 37385476 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2023.116608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the main hurdles in the development of new inhaled medicines is the frequent observation of foamy macrophage (FM) responses in non-clinical studies in experimental animals, which raises safety concerns and hinders progress into clinical trials. We have investigated the potential of a novel multi-parameter high content image analysis (HCIA) assay as an in vitro safety screening tool to predict drug induced FM. Rat (NR8383) and human U937-derived alveolar macrophages were exposed in vitro to a panel of model compounds with different biological activity, including inhaled bronchodilators, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), phospholipidosis inducers and proapoptotic agents. An HCIA was utilized to produce drug-induced cell response profiles based on individual cell health, morphology and lipid content parameters. The profiles of both rat and human macrophage cell lines differentiated between cell responses to marketed inhaled drugs and compounds known to induce phospholipidosis and apoptosis. Hierarchical clustering of the aggregated data allowed identification of distinct cell profiles in response to exposure to phospholipidosis and apoptosis inducers. Additionally, in NR8383 cell responses formed two distinct clusters, associated with increased vacuolation with or without lipid accumulation. U937 cells presented a similar trend but appeared less sensitive to drug exposure and presented a narrower range of responses. These results indicate that our multi-parameter HCIA assay is suitable to generate characteristic drug-induced macrophage response profiles, thus enabling differentiation of foamy macrophage phenotypes associated with phospholipidosis and apoptosis. This approach shows great potential as pre-clinical in vitro screening tool for safety assessment of candidate inhaled medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Hoffman
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Laura Urbano
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Abigail Martin
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Rhamiya Mahendran
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Aateka Patel
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK; Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Darragh Murnane
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
| | - Clive Page
- Sackler Institute of Pulmonary Pharmacology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, Franklin-Wilkins Building, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Lea Ann Dailey
- Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, UZA II, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ben Forbes
- King's College London, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, London SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Victoria Hutter
- Centre for Topical Drug Delivery and Toxicology, School of Life and medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK.
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Menghini S, Vizovisek M, Enders J, Schuerle S. Magnetospirillum magneticum triggers apoptotic pathways in human breast cancer cells. Cancer Metab 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 37559137 PMCID: PMC10410830 DOI: 10.1186/s40170-023-00313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of bacteria in cancer immunotherapy has the potential to bypass many shortcomings of conventional treatments. The ability of anaerobic bacteria to preferentially accumulate and replicate in hypoxic regions of solid tumors, as a consequence of bacterial metabolic needs, is particularly advantageous and key to boosting their immunostimulatory therapeutic actions in situ. While several of these bacterial traits are well-studied, little is known about their competition for nutrients and its effect on cancer cells which could serve as another potent and innate antineoplastic action. Here, we explored the consequences of the iron-scavenging abilities of a particular species of bacteria, Magnetospirillum magneticum, which has been studied as a potential new class of bacteria for magnetically targeted bacterial cancer therapy. We investigated their influence in hypoxic regions of solid tumors by studying the consequential metabolic effects exerted on cancer cells. To do so, we established an in vitro co-culture system consisting of the bacterial strain AMB-1 incubated under hypoxic conditions with human breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231. We first quantified the number of viable cells after incubation with magnetotactic bacteria demonstrating a lower rate of cellular proliferation that correlated with increasing bacteria-to-cancer cells ratio. Further experiments showed increasing populations of apoptotic cells when cancer cells were incubated with AMB-1 over a period of 24 h. Analysis of the metabolic effects induced by bacteria suggest an increase in the activation of executioner caspases as well as changes in levels of apoptosis-related proteins. Finally, the level of several human apoptosis-related proteins was investigated, confirming a bacteria-dependent triggering of apoptotic pathways in breast cancer cells. Overall, our findings support that magnetotactic bacteria could act as self-replicating iron-chelating agents and indicate that they interfere with proliferation and lead to increased apoptosis of cancer cells. This bacterial feature could serve as an additional antineoplastic mechanism to reinforce current bacterial cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Menghini
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matej Vizovisek
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathas Enders
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simone Schuerle
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Translational Medicine, ETH Zurich, CH-8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Aldossari RM, Ali A, Rehman MU, Rashid S, Ahmad SB. Computational Approaches for Identification of Potential Plant Bioactives as Novel G6PD Inhibitors Using Advanced Tools and Databases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28073018. [PMID: 37049781 PMCID: PMC10096328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28073018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In glucose metabolism, the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is the major metabolic pathway that plays a crucial role in cancer growth and metastasis. Although it has been pointed out that blockade of the PPP is a promising approach against cancer, in the clinical setting, effective anti-PPP agents are still not available. Dysfunction of the G6PD enzyme in this pathway leads to cancer development as this enzyme possesses oncogenic activity. In the present study, an attempt was made to identify bioactive compounds that can be developed as potential G6PD inhibitors. In the present study, 11 natural compounds and a controlled drug were taken. The physicochemical and toxicity properties of the compounds were determined via ADMET and ProTox-II analysis. In the present study, the findings of docking studies revealed that staurosporine was the most effective compound with the highest binding energy of −9.2 kcal/mol when docked against G6PD. Homology modeling revealed that 97.56% of the residues were occupied in the Ramachandran-favored region. The modeled protein gave a quality Z-score of −10.13 by ProSA tool. iMODS server provided significant insights into the mobility, stability and flexibility of the G6PD protein that described the collective functional protein motion. In the present study, the physical and functional interactions between proteins were determined by STRING. CASTp server determined the topological and geometric properties of the G6PD protein. The findings of the present study revealed that staurosporine could be developed as a potential G6PD inhibitor; however, further in vivo and in vitro studies are needed for further validation of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Aldossari
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aarif Ali
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alustang, Shuhama 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Summya Rashid
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence:
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-Kashmir, Alustang, Shuhama 190006, Jammu & Kashmir, India
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6
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Devi S, Indramohan M, Jäger E, Carriere J, Chu LH, de Almeida L, Greaves DR, Stehlik C, Dorfleutner A. CARD-only proteins regulate in vivo inflammasome responses and ameliorate gout. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112265. [PMID: 36930645 PMCID: PMC10151391 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory responses are crucial for controlling infections and initiating tissue repair. However, excessive and uncontrolled inflammation causes inflammatory disease. Processing and release of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18 depend on caspase-1 activation within inflammasomes. Assembly of inflammasomes is initiated upon activation of cytosolic pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), followed by sequential polymerization of pyrin domain (PYD)-containing and caspase recruitment domain (CARD)-containing proteins mediated by homotypic PYD and CARD interactions. Small PYD- or CARD-only proteins (POPs and COPs, respectively) evolved in higher primates to target these crucial interactions to limit inflammation. Here, we show the ability of COPs to regulate inflammasome activation by modulating homotypic CARD-CARD interactions in vitro and in vivo. CARD16, CARD17, and CARD18 displace crucial CARD interactions between caspase-1 proteins through competitive binding and ameliorate uric acid crystal-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation and inflammatory disease. COPs therefore represent an important family of inflammasome regulators and ameliorate inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Devi
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Mohanalaxmi Indramohan
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Elisabeth Jäger
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jessica Carriere
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Lan H Chu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lucia de Almeida
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - David R Greaves
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Christian Stehlik
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
| | - Andrea Dorfleutner
- Department of Academic Pathology, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA; The Kao Autoimmunity Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.
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7
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Groborz KM, Kalinka M, Grzymska J, Kołt S, Snipas SJ, Poręba M. Selective chemical reagents to investigate the role of caspase 6 in apoptosis in acute leukemia T cells. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2289-2302. [PMID: 36873853 PMCID: PMC9977399 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05827h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated effector caspases 3, 6 and 7 are responsible for cleaving a number of target substrates, leading to the ultimate destruction of cells via apoptosis. The functions of caspases 3 and 7 in apoptosis execution have been widely studied over the years with multiple chemical probes for both of these enzymes. In contrast, caspase 6 seems to be largely neglected when compared to the heavily studied caspases 3 and 7. Therefore, the development of new small-molecule reagents for the selective detection and visualization of caspase 6 activity can improve our understanding of molecular circuits of apoptosis and shed new light on how they intertwine with other types of programmed cell death. In this study, we profiled caspase 6 substrate specificity at the P5 position and discovered that, similar to caspase 2, caspase 6 prefers pentapeptide substrates over tetrapeptides. Based on these data, we developed a set of chemical reagents for caspase 6 investigation, including coumarin-based fluorescent substrates, irreversible inhibitors and selective aggregation-induced emission luminogens (AIEgens). We showed that AIEgens are able to distinguish between caspase 3 and caspase 6 in vitro. Finally, we validated the efficiency and selectivity of the synthesized reagents by monitoring lamin A and PARP cleavage via mass cytometry and western blot analysis. We propose that our reagents may provide new research prospects for single-cell monitoring of caspase 6 activity to reveal its function in programmed cell death pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna M Groborz
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
- Genetech Inc. 1 DNA Way South San Francisco CA 94080 USA
| | - Małgorzata Kalinka
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Justyna Grzymska
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Sonia Kołt
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
| | - Scott J Snipas
- NCI Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute 10901 North Torrey Pines Road La Jolla CA 92037 USA
| | - Marcin Poręba
- Department of Chemical Biology and Bioimaging, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology Wyb. Wyspiańskiego 27 50-370 Wroclaw Poland
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A Survey of Naturally Occurring Molecules as New Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Activators with Selective Anticancer Activity. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:cancers15010293. [PMID: 36612288 PMCID: PMC9818656 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The last century has witnessed the establishment of neoplastic disease as the second cause of death in the world. Nonetheless, the road toward desirable success rates of cancer treatments is still long and paved with uncertainty. This work aims to select natural products that act via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a known vulnerability of malignant cells, and display selective toxicity against cancer cell lines. Among an in-house chemical library, nontoxic molecules towards noncancer cells were assessed for toxicity towards cancer cells, namely the human gastric adenocarcinoma cell line AGS and the lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549. Active molecules towards at least one of these cell lines were studied in a battery of ensuing assays to clarify the involvement of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) in the cytotoxic effect. Several natural products are selectively cytotoxic against malignant cells, and the effect often relies on ER stress induction. Berberine was the most promising molecule, being active against both cell models by disrupting Ca2+ homeostasis, inducing UPR target gene expression and ER-resident caspase-4 activation. Our results indicate that berberine and emodin are potential leads for the development of more potent ER stressors to be used as selective anticancer agents.
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Natural Protein Kinase Inhibitors, Staurosporine, and Chelerythrine Suppress Wheat Blast Disease Caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10061186. [PMID: 35744705 PMCID: PMC9230996 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases (PKs), being key regulatory enzymes of a wide range of signaling pathways, are potential targets for antifungal agents. Wheat blast disease, caused by Magnaporthe oryzae Triticum (MoT), is an existential threat to world food security. During the screening process of natural metabolites against MoT fungus, we find that two protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride, remarkably inhibit MoT hyphal growth. This study further investigates the effects of staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride on MoT hyphal growth, conidia production, and development as well as wheat blast inhibition in comparison to a commercial fungicide, Nativo®75WG. The growth of MoT mycelia is significantly inhibited by these compounds in a dose-dependent manner. These natural compounds greatly reduce conidia production in MoT mycelia along with suppression of conidial germination and triggered lysis, resulting in deformed germ tubes and appressoria. These metabolites greatly suppress blast development in artificially inoculated wheat plants in the field. This is the first report of the antagonistic effect of these two natural PKC inhibitory alkaloids on MoT fungal developmental processes in vitro and suppression of wheat blast disease on both leaves and spikes in vivo. Further research is needed to identify their precise mechanism of action to consider them as biopesticides or lead compounds for controlling wheat blast.
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10
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Kulbay M, Johnson B, Ricaud G, Séguin-Grignon MN, Bernier J. Energetic metabolic reprogramming in Jurkat DFF40-deficient cancer cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2213-2233. [PMID: 35460011 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA fragmentation factor 40 (DFF40), or the caspase-activated DNase (CAD), is an endonuclease specific for double-stranded DNA. Alterations in its function and expression have been linked to apoptosis resistance, a mechanism likely used by cancer cells. However, how the DFF40-related apoptosis resistance pathway occurs remains unclear. Here, we sought to determine if DFF40 expression could be linked to cell metabolism through the regulation of mitochondrial integrity and function. We demonstrated that DFF40-deficient cells are more resistant to staurosporine and tributyltin (TBT)-induced apoptosis, and express higher levels of Mcl-1 at basal state. Treatment with TBT induces higher Bcl-2 and caspase-9 mRNA transcripts in DFF40 KO Jurkat cells, as well as enhanced Bcl-2 phosphorylation. A loss of DFF40 expression induces a higher mitochondrial mass, mtDNA copy number, mitochondrial membrane potential, and glycolysis rates in resting T cells. DFF40-deficient cells exhibit the Warburg effect phenotype, where they rely significantly more on glycolysis than oxidative phosphorylation and have a higher proliferative state, demonstrated by a higher Ki-67 transcription factor expression and AKT phosphorylation. Finally, we demonstrated with cell fractioning that DFF40 can translocate to the mitochondria following apoptosis induction. Our study reveals that DFF40 may act as a regulator of mitochondria during cell death and its loss could compromise mitochondrial integrity and cause an energetic reprogramming in pathologies such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, 2900 Blvd. Edouard Montpetit, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bruno Johnson
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | - Guillaume Ricaud
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada
| | | | - Jacques Bernier
- INRS-Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, 531 Boul. des Prairies, Laval, QC, H7V 1B7, Canada.
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11
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Caspase-Mediated Cleavage of the Transcription Factor Sp3: Possible Relevance to Cancer and the Lytic Cycle of Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0146421. [PMID: 35019687 PMCID: PMC8754129 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01464-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The open reading frame 50 (ORF50) protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the master regulator essential for initiating the viral lytic cycle. Previously, we have demonstrated that the ORF50 protein can cooperate with Sp3 to synergistically activate a set of viral and cellular gene promoters through highly conserved ORF50-responsive elements that harbor a Sp3-binding motif. Herein, we show that Sp3 undergoes proteolytic cleavage during the viral lytic cycle, and the cleavage of Sp3 is dependent on caspase activation. Since similar cleavage patterns of Sp3 could be detected in both KSHV-positive and KSHV-negative lymphoma cells undergoing apoptosis, the proteolytic cleavage of Sp3 could be a common event during apoptosis. Mutational analysis identifies 12 caspase cleavage sites in Sp3, which are situated at the aspartate (D) positions D17, D19, D180, D273, D275, D293, D304 (or D307), D326, D344, D530, D543, and D565. Importantly, we noticed that three stable Sp3 C-terminal fragments generated through cleavage at D530, D543, or D565 encompass an intact DNA-binding domain. Like the full-length Sp3, the C-terminal fragments of Sp3 could still retain the ability to cooperate with ORF50 protein to activate specific viral and cellular gene promoters synergistically. Collectively, our findings suggest that despite the proteolytic cleavage of Sp3 under apoptotic conditions, the resultant Sp3 fragments may retain biological activities important for the viral lytic cycle or for cellular apoptosis. IMPORTANCE The ORF50 protein of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is the key viral protein that controls the switch from latency to lytic reactivation. It is a potent transactivator that can activate target gene promoters via interacting with other cellular DNA-binding transcription factors, such as Sp3. In this report, we show that Sp3 is proteolytically cleaved during the viral lytic cycle, and up to 12 caspase cleavage sites are identified in Sp3. Despite the proteolytic cleavage of Sp3, several resulting C-terminal fragments that have intact zinc-finger DNA-binding domains still retain substantial influence in the synergy with ORF50 to activate specific gene promoters. Overall, our studies elucidate the caspase-mediated cleavage of Sp3 and uncover how ORF50 utilizes the cleavage fragments of Sp3 to transactivate specific viral and cellular gene promoters.
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Barth ND, Mendive‐Tapia L, Subiros‐Funosas R, Ghashghaei O, Lavilla R, Maiorino L, He X, Dransfield I, Egeblad M, Vendrell M. A Bivalent Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Screening and Intravital Imaging of Chemotherapy-Induced Cancer Cell Death. ANGEWANDTE CHEMIE (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 134:e202113020. [PMID: 38505298 PMCID: PMC10947113 DOI: 10.1002/ange.202113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The detection and quantification of apoptotic cells is a key process in cancer research, particularly during the screening of anticancer therapeutics and in mechanistic studies using preclinical models. Intravital optical imaging enables high-resolution visualisation of cellular events in live organisms; however, there are few fluorescent probes that can reliably provide functional readouts in situ without interference from tissue autofluorescence. We report the design and optimisation of the fluorogenic probe Apotracker Red for real-time detection of cancer cell death. The strong fluorogenic behaviour, high selectivity, and excellent stability of Apotracker Red make it a reliable optical reporter for the characterisation of the effects of anticancer drugs in cells in vitro and for direct imaging of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in vivo in mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Xue‐Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Ian Dransfield
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
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13
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Barth ND, Mendive‐Tapia L, Subiros‐Funosas R, Ghashghaei O, Lavilla R, Maiorino L, He X, Dransfield I, Egeblad M, Vendrell M. A Bivalent Activatable Fluorescent Probe for Screening and Intravital Imaging of Chemotherapy-Induced Cancer Cell Death. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202113020. [PMID: 34762762 PMCID: PMC8991960 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202113020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The detection and quantification of apoptotic cells is a key process in cancer research, particularly during the screening of anticancer therapeutics and in mechanistic studies using preclinical models. Intravital optical imaging enables high-resolution visualisation of cellular events in live organisms; however, there are few fluorescent probes that can reliably provide functional readouts in situ without interference from tissue autofluorescence. We report the design and optimisation of the fluorogenic probe Apotracker Red for real-time detection of cancer cell death. The strong fluorogenic behaviour, high selectivity, and excellent stability of Apotracker Red make it a reliable optical reporter for the characterisation of the effects of anticancer drugs in cells in vitro and for direct imaging of chemotherapy-induced apoptosis in vivo in mouse models of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole D. Barth
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
| | | | | | - Ouldouz Ghashghaei
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of BarcelonaSpain
| | - Rodolfo Lavilla
- Laboratory of Medicinal ChemistryFaculty of Pharmacy and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB)University of BarcelonaSpain
| | - Laura Maiorino
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Xue‐Yan He
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Ian Dransfield
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
| | - Mikala Egeblad
- Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryCold Spring HarborNY11724USA
| | - Marc Vendrell
- Centre for Inflammation ResearchThe University of EdinburghUK
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14
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Novel therapeutic strategies and perspectives for pancreatic cancer: Autophagy and apoptosis are key mechanisms to fight pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:74. [PMID: 34019188 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The poor prognosis of patients with PC is primarily due to lack of effective treatments against its progressive and metastatic behavior. Hence, figuring out the mechanisms underlying PC development and putting up with effective targeted therapies are of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients with PC. Apoptosis and autophagy serve to maintain tissue homoeostasis. Escaping from apoptosis or autophagy is one of the features of malignancy. PC is seriously resistant to autophagy and apoptosis, which explains its invasiveness and resistance to conventional treatment. Recently, several biological activities and pharmacological functions found in natural product extracts have been reported to inhibit PC progression. The current review focuses on understanding natural product extracts and their derivatives as one kind of novel treatments through affecting the apoptosis or autophagy in PC.
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15
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Liu P, Xu DW, Li RT, Wang SH, Hu YL, Shi SY, Li JY, Huang YH, Kang LW, Liu TX. A Combined Phytochemistry and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal Potential Anti-NSCLC Effective Substances and Mechanisms in Marsdenia tenacissima (Roxb.) Moon (Stem). Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:518406. [PMID: 33994999 PMCID: PMC8117745 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.518406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marsdeniae tenacissimae Caulis is a traditional Chinese medicine, named Tongguanteng (TGT), that is often used for the adjuvant treatment of cancer. In our previous study, we reported that an ethyl acetate extract of TGT had inhibitory effects against adenocarcinoma A549 cells growth. To identify the components of TGT with anti-tumor activity and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action, we developed a technique for isolating compounds, which was then followed by cytotoxicity screening, network pharmacology analysis, and cellular and molecular experiments. We isolated a total of 19 compounds from a TGT ethyl acetate extract. Two novel steroidal saponins were assessed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass (UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS). Then, we screened these constituents for anti-cancer activity against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in vitro and obtained six target compounds. Furthermore, a compound-target-pathway network of these six bioactive ingredients was constructed to elucidate the potential pathways that controlled anticancer effects. Approximately 205 putative targets that were associated with TGT, as well as 270 putative targets that were related to NSCLC, were obtained from online databases and target prediction software. Protein-protein interaction networks for drugs as well as disease putative targets were generated, and 18 candidate targets were detected based on topological features. In addition, pathway enrichment analysis was performed to identify related pathways, including PI3K/AKT, VEGF, and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance, which are all related to metabolic processes and intrinsic apoptotic pathways involving reactive oxygen species (ROS). Then, various cellular experiments were conducted to validate drug-target mechanisms that had been predicted using network pharmacology analysis. The experimental results showed the four C21 steroidal saponins could upregulate Bax and downregulate Bcl-2 expression, thereby changing the mitochondrial membrane potential, producing ROS, and releasing cytochrome C, which finally activated caspase-3, caspase-9, and caspase-8, all of which induced apoptosis in A549 cells. In addition, these components also downregulated the expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9 proteins, further weakening their degradation of extracellular matrix components and type IV collagen, and inhibiting the migration and invasion of A549 cells. Our study elucidated the chemical composition and underlying anti-tumor mechanism of TGT, which may be utilized in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Wei Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Run-Tian Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Hui Wang
- Medical College of Qingdao Binhai University, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan-Lan Hu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Yu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Yao Li
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-He Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Wei Kang
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Tong-Xiang Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Minzu University of China, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Minority of Education, Beijing, China
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16
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Faltracco M, Ortega-Rosales S, Janssen E, Cioc RC, Vande Velde CML, Ruijter E. Synthesis of Carbazoles by a Diverted Bischler-Napieralski Cascade Reaction. Org Lett 2021; 23:3100-3104. [PMID: 33787266 PMCID: PMC8056386 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.1c00785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
![]()
An unforeseen twist
in a seemingly trivial Bischler–Napieralski
reaction led to the selective formation of an unexpected carbazole
product. The reaction proved to be general, providing access to a
range of diversely substituted carbazoles from readily available substrates.
Judicious variation of substituents revealed a complex cascade mechanism
comprising no less than 10 elementary steps, that could be diverted
in multiple ways toward various other carbazole derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Faltracco
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Said Ortega-Rosales
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elwin Janssen
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Răzvan C Cioc
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Christophe M L Vande Velde
- Faculty of Applied Engineering, iPRACS, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Eelco Ruijter
- Department of Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Sciences, Amsterdam Institute of Molecular & Life Sciences (AIMMS), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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17
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Estrada N, Núñez-Vázquez EJ, Palacios A, Ascencio F, Guzmán-Villanueva L, Contreras RG. In vitro Evaluation of Programmed Cell Death in the Immune System of Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas by the Effect of Marine Toxins. Front Immunol 2021; 12:634497. [PMID: 33868255 PMCID: PMC8047078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.634497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Programmed cell death (PCD) is an essential process for the immune system's development and homeostasis, enabling the remotion of infected or unnecessary cells. There are several PCD's types, depending on the molecular mechanisms, such as non-inflammatory or pro-inflammatory. Hemocytes are the main component of cellular immunity in bivalve mollusks. Numerous infectious microorganisms produce toxins that impair hemocytes functions, but there is little knowledge on the role of PCD in these cells. This study aims to evaluate in vitro whether marine toxins induce a particular type of PCD in hemocytes of the bivalve mollusk Crassostrea gigas during 4 h at 25°C. Hemocytes were incubated with two types of marine toxins: non-proteinaceous toxins from microalgae (saxitoxin, STX; gonyautoxins 2 and 3, GTX2/3; okadaic acid/dynophysistoxin-1, OA/DTX-1; brevetoxins 2 and 3, PbTx-2,-3; brevetoxin 2, PbTx-2), and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria (Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp; V. campbellii, Vc). Also, we used the apoptosis inducers, staurosporine (STP), and camptothecin (CPT). STP, CPT, STX, and GTX 2/3, provoked high hemocyte mortality characterized by apoptosis hallmarks such as phosphatidylserine translocation into the outer leaflet of the cell membrane, exacerbated chromatin condensation, DNA oligonucleosomal fragments, and variation in gene expression levels of apoptotic caspases 2, 3, 7, and 8. The mixture of PbTx-2,-3 also showed many apoptosis features; however, they did not show apoptotic DNA oligonucleosomal fragments. Likewise, PbTx-2, OA/DTX-1, and proteinaceous extracts from bacteria Vp, and Vc, induced a minor degree of cell death with high gene expression of the pro-inflammatory initiator caspase-1, which could indicate a process of pyroptosis-like PCD. Hemocytes could carry out both PCD types simultaneously. Therefore, marine toxins trigger PCD's signaling pathways in C. gigas hemocytes, depending on the toxin's nature, which appears to be highly conserved both structurally and functionally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Estrada
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Erick J. Núñez-Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Toxinas Marinas y Aminoácidos, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Alejandra Palacios
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Felipe Ascencio
- Laboratorio de Patogénesis Microbiana, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Laura Guzmán-Villanueva
- Programa Cátedras CONACyT (Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. (CIBNOR), La Paz, Mexico
| | - Rubén G. Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Biofísica y Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (CINVESTAV), Mexico City, Mexico
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18
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Tanaka Y, Mukai R, Ohshima T. HTLV-1 viral oncoprotein HBZ contributes to the enhancement of HAX-1 stability by impairing the ubiquitination pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:2756-2766. [PMID: 32893878 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is an oncogenic retrovirus that causes adult T-cell leukemia (ATL). The viral protein HTLV-1 basic leucine-zipper factor (HBZ), which is constitutively expressed in all ATL patient cells, contributes toward the development of ATL; however, the underlying mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Here, we identified HS-1-associated protein X-1 (HAX-1) as a novel binding partner of HBZ. Interestingly, HAX-1 specifically associated with HBZ-US, but not HBZ-SI, in the cytoplasm. HBZ suppressed the polyubiquitination levels of HAX-1 protein by inhibiting the association HAX-1 with F-box protein 25 (FBXO25), which is a member of the SCF E3 ubiquitin ligase complex, and promoted the stabilization of HAX-1 levels. In fact, the protein levels of HAX-1 were significantly increased in HTLV-1 infected and the overexpressing HBZ in uninfected T-cell lines. Enhanced HAX-1 correlated well to suppression of caspase 9 processing, suggesting that HBZ may contribute to the enhancement of antiapoptotic function for HAX-1. Our results revealed a role for HBZ on HAX-1 stabilization by abrogating the ubiquitination-mediated degradation pathway, which may play an important role in understanding the potential mechanisms of HTLV-1 related pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuka Tanaka
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Risa Mukai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan.,Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Takayuki Ohshima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science at Kagawa Campus, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa, Japan
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19
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Baindara P, Mandal SM. Bacteria and bacterial anticancer agents as a promising alternative for cancer therapeutics. Biochimie 2020; 177:164-189. [PMID: 32827604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of deaths worldwide, though significant advances have occurred in its diagnosis and treatment. The development of resistance against chemotherapeutic agents, their side effects, and non-specific toxicity urge to screen for the novel anticancer agent. Hence, the development of novel anticancer agents with a new mechanism of action has become a major scientific challenge. Bacteria and bacterially produced bioactive compounds have recently emerged as a promising alternative for cancer therapeutics. Bacterial anticancer agents such as antibiotics, bacteriocins, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, toxins, etc. These are adopted different mechanisms of actions such as apoptosis, necrosis, reduced angiogenesis, inhibition of translation and splicing, and obstructing essential signaling pathways to kill cancer cells. Also, live tumor-targeting bacteria provided a unique therapeutic alternative for cancer treatment. This review summarizes the anticancer properties and mechanism of actions of the anticancer agents of bacterial origin and antitumor bacteria along with their possible future applications in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piyush Baindara
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA.
| | - Santi M Mandal
- Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, 721302, WB, India.
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20
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Gkika KS, Byrne A, Keyes TE. Mitochondrial targeted osmium polypyridyl probe shows concentration dependent uptake, localisation and mechanism of cell death. Dalton Trans 2020; 48:17461-17471. [PMID: 31513202 DOI: 10.1039/c9dt02967b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A symmetric osmium(ii) [bis-(4'-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2,2':6',2''-terpyridine)] was prepared and conjugated to two mitochondrial-targeting peptide sequences; FrFKFrFK (r = d-arginine). The parent and conjugate complexes showed strong near infra-red emission centred at λmax 745 nm that was modestly oxygen dependent in the case of the parent and oxygen independent in the case of the conjugate, attributed in the latter case, surprisingly, to a shorter emission lifetime of the conjugate compared to the parent. Confocal fluorescence imaging of sub-live HeLa and MCF 7 cells showed the parent complex was cell impermeable whereas the conjugate was rapidly internalised into the cell and distributed in a concentration dependent manner. At concentrations below approximately 30 μmol, the conjugate localised to the mitochondria of both cell types where it was observed to trigger apoptosis induced by the collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential (MPP). At concentrations exceeding 30 μmol the conjugate was similarly internalised rapidly but distributed throughout the cell, including to the nucleus and nucleolus. At these concentrations, it was observed to precipitate a caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. The combination of concentration dependent organelle targeting, NIR emission coincident with the biological window, and distribution dependent cytotoxicity offers an interesting approach to theranostics with the possibility of eliciting site dependent therapeutic effect whilst monitoring the therapeutic effect with luminescence imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmel Sofia Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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21
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Hoffman E, Murnane D, Hutter V. Investigating the Suitability of High Content Image Analysis as a Tool to Assess the Reversibility of Foamy Alveolar Macrophage Phenotypes In Vitro. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12030262. [PMID: 32183061 PMCID: PMC7150967 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12030262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Many potential inhaled medicines fail during development due to the induction of a highly vacuolated or “foamy” alveolar macrophage phenotype response in pre-clinical studies. There is limited understanding if this response to an inhaled stimulus is adverse or adaptive, and additionally if it is a transient or irreversible process. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether high content image analysis could distinguish between different drug-induced foamy macrophage phenotypes and to determine the extent of the reversibility of the foamy phenotypes by assessing morphological changes over time. Alveolar-like macrophages derived from the human monocyte cell line U937 were exposed for 24 h to compounds known to induce a foamy macrophage phenotype (amiodarone, staurosporine) and control compounds that are not known to cause a foamy macrophage phenotype in vitro (fluticasone and salbutamol). Following drug stimulation, the cells were rested in drug-free media for the subsequent 24 or 48 h. Cell morphometric parameters (cellular and nuclear area, vacuoles numbers and size) and phospholipid content were determined using high content image analysis. The foamy macrophage recovery was dependent on the mechanism of action of the inducer compound. Amiodarone toxicity was associated with phospholipid accumulation and morphometric changes were reversed when the stimulus was removed from culture environment. Conversely cells were unable to recover from exposure to staurosporine which initiates the apoptosis pathway. This study shows that high content analysis can discriminate between different phenotypes of foamy macrophages and may contribute to better decision making in the process of new drug development.
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Drug-metabolizing enzymes: role in drug resistance in cancer. Clin Transl Oncol 2020; 22:1667-1680. [PMID: 32170639 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-020-02325-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although continuous researches are going on for the discovery of new chemotherapeutic agents, resistance to these anticancer agents has made it really difficult to reach the fruitful results. There are many causes for this resistance that are being studied by the researchers across the world, but still, success is far because there are several factors that are going along unattended or have been studied less. Drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs) are one of these factors, on which less study has been conducted. DMEs include Phase I and Phase II enzymes. Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are major Phase I enzymes while glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs), UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs), dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenases are the major enzymes belonging to the Phase II enzymes. These enzymes play an important role in detoxification of the xenobiotics as well as the metabolism of drugs, depending upon the tissue in which they are expressed. When present in tumorous tissues, they cause resistance by metabolizing the drugs and rendering them inactive. In this review, the role of these various enzymes in anticancer drug metabolism and the possibilities for overcoming the resistance have been discussed.
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23
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Cullinane D, Gkika KS, Byrne A, Keyes TE. Photostable NIR emitting ruthenium(II) conjugates; uptake and biological activity in live cells. J Inorg Biochem 2020; 207:111032. [PMID: 32311630 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
A photostable Ru(2,2-biquinoline)2(3-(2-pyridyl)-5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazolate) (Ru(biq)2(trzbenzCOOH)) complex that exhibits near-infrared (NIR) emission centred at 786 nm is reported. The parent complex was conjugated via amide coupling to a cell-penetrating peptide sequence octa-arginine (R8), and two signal peptide sequences; the nuclear localizing sequence (NLS) VQRKRQKLMP and the mitochondria penetrating peptide (MPP) FrFKFrFK(Ac) (r = D isomer of arginine, Ac = terminal lysine amine acetyl blocked). Notably, none of the peptide conjugates were cell-permeable as chloride salts but efficient and rapid membrane permeation was observed post ion exchange with perchlorate counterion. Also, surprisingly, all three peptide conjugates exhibited potent dark cytotoxicity in both CHO and HeLa cell lines. The peptide conjugates induce cell death through a caspase dependent apoptotic pathway. At the minimum concentration of dye (approx. 15 μM) required for cell imaging, only 20% of the cells were viable after a 24 h incubation period. To overcome cytotoxicity, the parent complex was PEGylated; this dramatically decreased cytotoxicity, where 50% of cells were viable even at 150 μM concentration after 24 h. Confocal luminescence microscopy indicated that all four bioconjugates, peptides in perchlorate form and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in chloride form, were rapidly internalized within the cell. However, interestingly the precise localisation by the signal peptides observed in related complexes was not observed here and the peptide conjugates were unsuitable as luminescent probes for cell microscopy due to their high cell toxicity. The poor targeting of signal peptides in this instance is attributed to the high lipophilicity of the metal centre.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Cullinane
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Karmel Sofia Gkika
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aisling Byrne
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E Keyes
- School of Chemical Sciences, National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Steels A, Vannevel L, Zwaenepoel O, Gettemans J. Nb-induced stabilisation of p53 in HPV-infected cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12680. [PMID: 31481667 PMCID: PMC6722090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49061-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is caused by a persistent infection of the mucosal epithelia with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs). The viral oncoprotein E6 is responsible for the inactivation of the tumour suppressor p53 and thus plays a crucial role in HPV-induced tumorigenesis. The viral E6 protein forms a trimeric complex with the endogenous E3 ubiquitine ligase E6AP and the DNA-binding domain (DBD) of p53, which results in the polyubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of p53. We have developed nanobodies (Nbs) against the DBD of p53, which substantially stabilise p53 in HeLa cells. The observed effect is specific for HPV-infected cells, since similar effects were not seen for U2OS cells. Despite the fact that the stabilised p53 was strongly nuclear enriched, its tumour suppressive functions were hampered. We argue that the absence of a tumour suppressive effect is caused by inhibition of p53 transactivation in both HPV-infected and HPV-negative cells. The inactivation of the transcriptional activity of p53 was associated with an increased cellular proliferation and viability of HeLa cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that p53 DBD Nbs positively affect protein stability whilst adversely affecting protein function, attesting to their ability to modulate protein properties in a very subtle manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneleen Steels
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laura Vannevel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olivier Zwaenepoel
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jan Gettemans
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Rommelaere, A. Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Kamalabadi-Farahani M, H Najafabadi MR, Jabbarpour Z. Apoptotic Resistance of Metastatic Tumor Cells in Triple Negative Breast Cancer: Roles of Death Receptor-5. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:1743-1748. [PMID: 31244295 PMCID: PMC7021605 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.6.1743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Metastasis is a major cause of death from cancer in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Apoptosis
evasion is a critical feature of metastatic tumor cells. Chemopreventive and apoptotic potential of curcumin has been
shown in breast cancer. However, the precise mechanism of these effects against metastatic tumor cells has not been
clearly addressed yet. Methods: 4T1 cell line was used for induction of metastatic animal model of breast cancer.
Primary and metastatic tumor cells were extracted from subcutaneous tumor and lung of cancerous mice, respectively.
MTT assay was used to determine the effect of curcumin on viability of tumor cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase
chain reaction was performed to analyze the effect of curcumin on death receptor-5 (DR-5) gene expression. Results:
Our data revealed that, compared with primary tumor cells, metastatic tumor cells were more resistance to apoptosis
effects of curcumin. The DR-5 gene expression was up-regulated in both primary and metastatic tumor cells after
curcumin treatment, but this up-regulation was significantly higher in primary tumor cells compared with metastatic cells.
Conclusion: These findings provided important insights regarding the molecular mechanism of apoptosis resistance of
metastatic tumor cells and can be used for designing a targeted therapeutic strategies in combat with metastatic TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Kamalabadi-Farahani
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Reza H Najafabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Jabbarpour
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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26
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Keil M, Meyer MT, Dannheisig DP, Maerz LD, Philipp M, Pfister AS. Loss of Peter Pan protein is associated with cell cycle defects and apoptotic events. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2019; 1866:882-895. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2019.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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27
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Li X, Li Y, Qiu Q, Wen Q, Zhang Q, Yang W, Yuwen L, Weng L, Wang L. Efficient biofunctionalization of MoS2 nanosheets with peptides as intracellular fluorescent biosensor for sensitive detection of caspase-3 activity. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 543:96-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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28
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Dong Y, Qiu P, Zhu R, Zhao L, Zhang P, Wang Y, Li C, Chai K, Shou D, Zhao H. A Combined Phytochemistry and Network Pharmacology Approach to Reveal the Potential Antitumor Effective Substances and Mechanism of Phellinus igniarius. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:266. [PMID: 30941044 PMCID: PMC6434905 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phellinus igniarius (P. igniarius) is a medicinal fungus that is widely used in East Asia for the adjuvant treatment of cancer. To elucidate the antitumor effective substances and mechanism of P. igniarius, we designed an approach incorporating cytotoxicity screening, phytochemical analysis, network pharmacology construction, and cellular and molecular experiments. The dichloromethane extract of P. igniarius (DCMPI) was identified as the active portion in HT-29 cells. Nineteen constituents were identified, and 5 were quantified by UPLC-ESI-Q/TOF-MS. Eight ingredients were obtained in the network pharmacology study. In total, 473 putative targets associated with DCMPI and 350 putative targets related to colon cancer were derived from online databases and target prediction tools. Protein-protein interaction networks of drug and disease putative targets were constructed, and 84 candidate targets were identified based on topological features. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that the candidate targets were mostly related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolic processes and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Then, a cellular experiment was used to validate the drug-target mechanisms predicted by the system pharmacology analysis. Experimental results showed that DCMPI increased intracellular ROS levels and induced HT-29 cell apoptosis. Molecular biology experiments indicated that DCMPI not only increased Bax and Bad protein expression and promoted PARP and caspase-3/9 cleavage but also down-regulated Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl protein levels to induce apoptosis in HT-29 cells. In conclusion, our study provides knowledge on the chemical composition and antitumor mechanism of P. igniarius, which may be exploited as a promising therapeutic option for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Dong
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ping Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lisha Zhao
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pinghu Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yiqi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Changyu Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kequn Chai
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China.,College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment with Integrated TCM and Western Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shou
- Department of Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Huajun Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Malsy M, Bitzinger D, Graf B, Bundscherer A. Staurosporine induces apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells PaTu 8988t and Panc-1 via the intrinsic signaling pathway. Eur J Med Res 2019; 24:5. [PMID: 30686270 PMCID: PMC6348604 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-019-0365-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer, one of the leading causes of death worldwide, develops when the normal balance between mitosis and apoptosis is disrupted. The subsequently increased proliferation rate or decreased apoptosis rate of cells leads to uncontrolled cellular growth. Thus, the current aim of cancer research is to increase the apoptosis rate in tumor cells-while limiting the concurrent death of healthy cells-and to induce controlled apoptosis in abnormal cells. Staurosporine is a very potent inducer of apoptosis because it inhibits many different kinases. So far, many different kinase pathways of staurosporine-induced apoptosis have been discussed for various tumor entities. AIMS To identify the effect of staurosporine in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cells and its apoptosis-inducing signaling pathway. METHODS The apoptosis rate in pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cells was analyzed by annexin V staining after staurosporine administration. Staurosporine stimulation and its effects on the expression of Bcl2, BAX, Bad, caspase-8, and caspase-9 were investigated with immunoblot. RESULTS Staurosporine significantly increased apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells. Western blot analysis showed activation of caspase-9 in PaTu 8988t and Panc-1 cells with 1 µM staurosporine. In addition, expression of Bcl2 and Bad was decreased in PaTu 8988t cells. In colorectal carcinoma cells SW 480, staurosporine stimulation did not induce apoptosis. CONCLUSION Modern therapeutic strategies for tumor diseases target the efficient modulation of specific signaling and transcription pathways. In this respect, the therapeutic potential of protein kinase inhibitors has been repeatedly discussed. Our study showed that staurosporine induces apoptosis in pancreatic carcinoma cells via the intrinsic signaling pathway. Thus, staurosporine is a suitable positive control for in vitro apoptosis tests for the pancreatic cancer cell lines PaTu 8988t and Panc-1. Further clinical studies should analyze the impact of this finding on cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Malsy
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Diane Bitzinger
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Graf
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Anika Bundscherer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz Josef Strauss Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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30
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Zambrano JN, Williams CJ, Williams CB, Hedgepeth L, Burger P, Dilday T, Eblen ST, Armeson K, Hill EG, Yeh ES. Staurosporine, an inhibitor of hormonally up-regulated neu-associated kinase. Oncotarget 2018; 9:35962-35973. [PMID: 30542510 PMCID: PMC6267597 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
HUNK is a protein kinase that is implicated in HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer progression and resistance to HER2 inhibitors. Though prior studies suggest there is therapeutic potential for targeting HUNK in HER2+ breast cancer, pharmacological agents that target HUNK are yet to be identified. A recent study showed that the broad-spectrum kinase inhibitor staurosporine binds to the HUNK catalytic domain, but the effect of staurosporine on HUNK enzymatic activity was not tested. We now show that staurosporine inhibits the kinase activity of a full length HUNK protein. Our findings further suggest that inhibiting HUNK with staurosporine has a strong effect on suppressing cell viability of HER2/neu mammary and breast cancer cells, which express high levels of HUNK protein and are dependent on HUNK for survival. Significantly, we use in vitro and in vivo methods to show that staurosporine synergizes with the HER2 inhibitor lapatinib to restore sensitivity toward HER2 inhibition in a HER2 inhibitor resistant breast cancer model. Collectively, these studies indicate that pharmacological inhibition of HUNK kinase activity has therapeutic potential for HER2+ breast cancers, including HER2+ breast cancers that have developed drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joelle N Zambrano
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Christina J Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Carly Bess Williams
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Lonzie Hedgepeth
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Pieter Burger
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Tinslee Dilday
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Scott T Eblen
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Kent Armeson
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth G Hill
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Yeh
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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31
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Banik M, Patra M, Dutta D, Mukherjee R, Basu T. A simple robust method of synthesis of copper-silver core-shell nano-particle: evaluation of its structural and chemical properties with anticancer potency. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2018; 29:325102. [PMID: 29742069 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A simple method of synthesis of a stable bimetallic copper-silver nano-particle (CuAg-NP) was developed by successive reduction of Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3, using hydrazine hydrate as the reducing agent and gelatin and poly-vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) as the capping agents. The round-shaped particles were of a core-shell structure with a core of Cu0 atoms surrounded by a shell of Ag0 atoms. The size and the mol. wt. of the NPs were (100 ± 10) nm and (820 ± 157) Kd, respectively; the particles were crystalline in nature and 90% of the precursors Cu(NO3)2 and AgNO3 were converted to the NPs. The particles were more toxic to cancer cells than normal cells; the dose of the NPs (4-5 μg ml-1), that killed about 75% of the different human cancer cell lines viz, HepG2 (liver cancer), A549 (lung cancer) and AGS (stomach cancer), killed only about 22.5% of the normal cell lines viz, WRL68 (liver) and WI38 (lung). Therefore, the NP may be developed as a potent anticancer drug in future. The more detailed study on the cytotoxicity of the CuAg-NP on the HepG2 cell line revealed that the particles caused cell cycle arrest in a G2/M phase, depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential, translocation of phosphatidylserine residues from inner to outer leaflets of cell membrane and DNA degradation; these phenomena confirmed that the NP-induced cell death was apoptotic in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Banik
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India
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32
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Cui Y, Wang Y, Liu M, Qiu L, Xing P, Wang X, Ying G, Li B. Determination of glucose deficiency-induced cell death by mitochondrial ATP generation-driven proton homeostasis. J Mol Cell Biol 2018; 9:395-408. [PMID: 28369514 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose is one of major nutrients and its catabolism provides energy and/or building bricks for cell proliferation. Glucose deficiency results in cell death. However, the underlying mechanism still remains elusive. By using our recently developed method to monitor real-time cellular apoptosis and necrosis, we show that glucose deprivation can directly elicit necrosis, which is promoted by mitochondrial impairment, depending on mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate (ATP) generation instead of ATP depletion. We demonstrate that glucose metabolism is the major source to produce protons. Glucose deficiency leads to lack of proton provision while mitochondrial electron transfer chain continues consuming protons to generate energy, which provokes a compensatory lysosomal proton efflux and resultant increased lysosomal pH. This lysosomal alkalinization can trigger apoptosis or necrosis depending on the extent of alkalinization. Taken together, our results build up a metabolic connection between glycolysis, mitochondrion, and lysosome, and reveal an essential role of glucose metabolism in maintaining proton homeostasis to support cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanfen Cui
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Qiu
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Pan Xing
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Wang
- The First Department of Breast Tumor, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Guoguang Ying
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binghui Li
- Laboratory of Cancer Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
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Rhoads SN, Monahan ZT, Yee DS, Leung AY, Newcombe CG, O'Meally RN, Cole RN, Shewmaker FP. The prionlike domain of FUS is multiphosphorylated following DNA damage without altering nuclear localization. Mol Biol Cell 2018; 29:1786-1797. [PMID: 29897835 PMCID: PMC6085830 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-12-0735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
FUS (fused in sarcoma) is an abundant, predominantly nuclear protein involved in RNA processing. Under various conditions, FUS functionally associates with RNA and other macromolecules to form distinct, reversible phase-separated liquid structures. Persistence of the phase-separated state and increased cytoplasmic localization are both hypothesized to predispose FUS to irreversible aggregation, which is a pathological hallmark of subtypes of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. We previously showed that phosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain suppressed phase separation and toxic aggregation, proportionally to the number of added phosphates. However, phosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain was previously reported to promote its cytoplasmic localization, potentially favoring pathological behavior. Here we used mass spectrometry and human cell models to further identify phosphorylation sites within FUS’s prionlike domain, specifically following DNA-damaging stress. In total, 28 putative sites have been identified, about half of which are DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) consensus sites. Custom antibodies were developed to confirm the phosphorylation of two of these sites (Ser-26 and Ser-30). Both sites were usually phosphorylated in a subpopulation of cellular FUS following a variety of DNA-damaging stresses but not necessarily equally or simultaneously. Importantly, we found DNA-PK–dependent multiphosphorylation of FUS’s prionlike domain does not cause cytoplasmic localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon N Rhoads
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Zachary T Monahan
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Debra S Yee
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Andrew Y Leung
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Cameron G Newcombe
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
| | - Robert N O'Meally
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Robert N Cole
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins Mass Spectrometry and Proteomic Facility, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Frank P Shewmaker
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD 20814
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Breunig C, Pahl J, Küblbeck M, Miller M, Antonelli D, Erdem N, Wirth C, Will R, Bott A, Cerwenka A, Wiemann S. MicroRNA-519a-3p mediates apoptosis resistance in breast cancer cells and their escape from recognition by natural killer cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2973. [PMID: 28771222 PMCID: PMC5596553 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive breast cancer is associated with poor patient outcome and characterized by the development of tumor cell variants that are able to escape from control of the immune system or are resistant to targeted therapies. The complex molecular mechanisms leading to immune escape and therapy resistance are incompletely understood. We have previously shown that high miR-519a-3p levels are associated with poor survival in breast cancer. Here, we demonstrate that miR-519a-3p confers resistance to apoptosis induced by TRAIL, FasL and granzyme B/perforin by interfering with apoptosis signaling in breast cancer cells. MiR-519a-3p diminished the expression of its direct target genes for TRAIL-R2 (TNFRSF10B) and for caspase-8 (CASP8) and its indirect target gene for caspase-7 (CASP7), resulting in reduced sensitivity and tumor cell apoptosis in response to apoptotic stimuli. Furthermore, miR-519a-3p impaired tumor cell killing by natural killer (NK) cells via downregulation of the NKG2D ligands ULBP2 and MICA on the surface of tumor cells that are crucial for the recognition of these tumor cells by NK cells. We determined that miR-519a-3p was overexpressed in more aggressive mutant TP53 breast cancer that was associated with poor survival. Furthermore, low levels of TRAIL-R2, caspase-7 and caspase-8 correlated with poor survival, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of miR-519a-3p on TRAIL-R2 and caspases may have direct clinical relevance in lowering patient’s prognosis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that miR-519a-3p is a critical factor in mediating resistance toward cancer cell apoptosis and impairing tumor cell recognition by NK cells. This joint regulation of apoptosis and immune cell recognition through miR-519a-3p supports the hypothesis that miRNAs are key regulators of cancer cell fate, facilitating cancer progression and evasion from immunosurveillance at multiple and interconnected levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Breunig
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jens Pahl
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Moritz Küblbeck
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Miller
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniela Antonelli
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nese Erdem
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Wirth
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rainer Will
- Genomics &Proteomics Core Facilities, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Adelheid Cerwenka
- Innate Immunity Group, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Head T, Dau P, Duffort S, Daftarian P, Joshi PM, Vazquez-Padron R, Deo SK, Daunert S. An enhanced bioluminescence-based Annexin V probe for apoptosis detection in vitro and in vivo. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2826. [PMID: 28542141 PMCID: PMC5520691 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The process of controlled cellular death known as apoptosis has an important central role not only in normal homeostatic maintenance of tissues, but also in numerous diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative, autoimmune, and cardiovascular diseases. As a result, new technologies with the capability to selectively detect apoptotic cells represent a central focus of research for the study of these conditions. We have developed a new biosensor for the detection of apoptotic cells, incorporating the targeted selectivity for apoptotic cells from Annexin V with the sensitivity of bioluminescence signal generation from a serum-stable mutant of Renilla luciferase (RLuc8). Our data presents a complete characterization of the structural and biochemical properties of this new Annexin-Renilla fusion protein (ArFP) construct, as well as a validation of its ability to detect apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, this work represents the first report of a bioluminescent Annexin V apoptosis sensor utilized in vivo. With this new construct, we examine apoptosis within disease-relevant animal models of surgery-induced ischemia/reperfusion, corneal injury, and retinal cell death as a model of age-related macular degeneration. In each of these experiments, we demonstrate successful application of the ArFP construct for detection and bioluminescence imaging of apoptosis within each disease or treatment model. ArFP represents an important new tool in the continuously growing kit of technologies for apoptosis detection, and our results from both in vitro and in vivo experiments suggest a diverse range of potential clinically relevant applications including cancer therapeutic screening and efficacy analysis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease detection, and the monitoring of any number of other conditions in which apoptosis has a central role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trajen Head
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Peter Dau
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Stephanie Duffort
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Pirouz Daftarian
- NGM Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Pratibha M Joshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Roberto Vazquez-Padron
- Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sapna K Deo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
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Streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B inhibits apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages through protein S cleavage. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26026. [PMID: 27181595 PMCID: PMC4867609 DOI: 10.1038/srep26026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Clearance of apoptotic cells by macrophages plays an important role in maintaining tissue homeostasis. Previous study indicated that streptococcal pyrogenic exotoxin B (SPE B) reduces phagocytic activity in group A streptococcus (GAS) infection. Here, we demonstrate that SPE B causes an inhibitory effect on protein S-mediated phagocytosis. In the presence of SPE B, serum- and purified protein S-mediated phagocytosis of apoptotic cells were significantly inhibited. The binding abilities of protein S to apoptotic cells were decreased by treatment with SPE B. Bacterial culture supernatants from GAS NZ131 strain also caused a reduction of protein S binding to apoptotic cells, but speB mutant strain did not. SPE B directly cleaved protein S in vitro and in vivo, whereas a lower level of cleavage occurred in mice infected with a speB isogenic mutant strain. SPE B-mediated initial cleavage of protein S caused a disruption of phagocytosis, and also resulted in a loss of binding ability of protein S-associated C4b-binding protein to apoptotic cells. Taken together, these results suggest a novel pathogenic role of SPE B that initiates protein S degradation followed by the inhibition of apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages.
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Salucci S, Baldassarri V, Canonico B, Burattini S, Battistelli M, Guescini M, Papa S, Stocchi V, Falcieri E. Melatonin behavior in restoring chemical damaged C2C12 myoblasts. Microsc Res Tech 2016; 79:532-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 02/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sara Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Valentina Baldassarri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Sabrina Burattini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Michela Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
| | - Elisabetta Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences; University of Urbino Carlo Bo; Urbino 61029 Italy
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Effects of paclitaxel on permanent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma cell lines and identification of anti-apoptotic caspase 9b. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:1261-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2150-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cheng J, Park SB, Kim SH, Yang SH, Suh JW, Lee CH, Kim JG. Suppressing activity of staurosporine from Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 against rice bacterial blight disease. J Appl Microbiol 2016; 120:975-85. [PMID: 26678243 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To identify the active compounds from the Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 that can protect rice from bacterial blight disease (BB), and to evaluate the potential of this Streptomyces strains and the compound for biocontrol of rice bacterial blight disease. METHODS AND RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 can significantly protect rice leaf explants from the infection of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzaeKACC 10331 (Xoo), the pathogen which cause BB. To identify the active compounds, the ethyl acetate extract of Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 was fractionated through a Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and further purified by preparative HPLC guided by the inhibitory activity against BB in rice leaf explants. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS analysis showed the active compound displayed its m/z values at [M+H](+) 467·2086 and [M+FA-H](-) 511·1963, and the molecular formula was estimated as C28 H26 N4 O3 which is identical to commercial standard staurosporine. In this study, the isolated staurosporine dramatically suppressed bacterial blight in rice leaf explants with the lowest concentration at 12·5 μmol l(-1) , however, it exhibited low inhibitory activity against Xoo with the MIC value at 256 μg ml(-1) . In addition, greenhouse study showed both crude extract and purified staurosporine can suppress the bacterial blight at the concentration of 5000 and 200 μg ml(-1) respectively. CONCLUSION Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 can protect rice leaf explants from the infection of Xoo by producing staurosporine, but not by direct inhibitory activity against Xoo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first report that staurosporine can protect rice leaf against bacterial blight disease and showed the potential of Streptomyces sp. MJM4426 as an alternative to chemical bactericide for bacterial blight disease in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cheng
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.,Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - S B Park
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Korea.,Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Korea
| | - S H Yang
- Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.,Interdisciplinary Program of Biomodulation, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - J-W Suh
- Division of Bioscience and Bioinformatics, College of Natural Science, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea.,Center for Neutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Materials, Myongji University, Yongin, Gyeonggi-Do, Korea
| | - C H Lee
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J G Kim
- Genomics Division, National Academy of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, Jeollabuk-Do, Korea
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Discovering Molecules That Regulate Efferocytosis Using Primary Human Macrophages and High Content Imaging. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145078. [PMID: 26674639 PMCID: PMC4686065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective clearance of apoptotic cells can result in sustained inflammation and subsequent autoimmunity. Macrophages, the “professional phagocyte” of the body, are responsible for efficient, non-phlogistic, apoptotic cell clearance. Controlling phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages is an attractive therapeutic opportunity to ameliorate inflammation. Using high content imaging, we have developed a system for evaluating the effects of antibody treatment on apoptotic cell uptake in primary human macrophages by comparing the Phagocytic Index (PI) for each antibody. Herein we demonstrate the feasibility of evaluating a panel of antibodies of unknown specificities obtained by immunization of mice with primary human macrophages and show that they can be distinguished based on individual PI measurements. In this study ~50% of antibodies obtained enhance phagocytosis of apoptotic cells while approximately 5% of the antibodies in the panel exhibit some inhibition. Though the specificities of the majority of antibodies are unknown, two of the antibodies that improved apoptotic cell uptake recognize recombinant MerTK; a receptor known to function in this capacity in vivo. The agonistic impact of these antibodies on efferocytosis could be demonstrated without addition of either of the MerTK ligands, Gas6 or ProS. These results validate applying the mechanism of this fundamental biological process as a means for identification of modulators that could potentially serve as therapeutics. This strategy for interrogating macrophages to discover molecules regulating apoptotic cell uptake is not limited by access to purified protein thereby increasing the possibility of finding novel apoptotic cell uptake pathways.
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Broecker-Preuss M, Becher-Boveleth N, Gall S, Rehmann K, Schenke S, Mann K. Induction of atypical cell death in thyroid carcinoma cells by the indirubin derivative 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (7BIO). Cancer Cell Int 2015; 15:97. [PMID: 26464561 PMCID: PMC4603293 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0251-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indirubin derivative 7-bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (7BIO) has already shown anticancer properties by causing cell death in some tumour cell lines and may be a new therapeutic option for treatment-resistant tumour cells. Since dedifferentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas do not take up radioiodine and are insensitive to chemotherapeutic treatment and external radiation, direct cell death induction in these tumour cells may be a promising approach. We thus investigated the effect of 7BIO on thyroid carcinoma cell lines of different histological origins and characterized the type of cell death induction by 7BIO. METHODS Cell viability was measured with MTT assay. Cell death was analysed by caspase 3/7 activity, lactate dehydrogenase liberation, caspase cleavage products, DNA fragmentation, cell cycle phase distribution and LC3B analysis. RESULTS After 7BIO treatment, cell viability was reduced in all 14 thyroid carcinoma cell lines investigated. Treated cells showed DNA fragmentation, cell cycle arrest and lactate dehydrogenase liberation but no LC3B cleavage. Caspase activation following 7BIO treatment was found in five of six cell lines investigated. Interestingly, inhibition of caspases had no effect on viability of the cells after 7BIO incubation. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that 7BIO efficiently killed dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells. It induced a non-classical kind of cell death that was caspase-independent and includes DNA fragmentation. 7BIO and related indirubin components thus may have value as a new therapeutic option for dedifferentiated thyroid cancer irrespective of the exact target molecules and the kind of cell death they induce.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Nina Becher-Boveleth
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany ; Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Susanne Gall
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Katrin Rehmann
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany ; Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Susann Schenke
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany
| | - Klaus Mann
- Division of Laboratory Research, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, Essen, Germany ; Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, Munich, Germany
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Broecker-Preuss M, Viehof J, Jastrow H, Becher-Boveleth N, Fuhrer D, Mann K. Cell death induction by the BH3 mimetic GX15-070 in thyroid carcinoma cells. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015. [PMID: 26198850 PMCID: PMC4510903 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Background The evasion of cell death is one of the hallmarks of cancer, contributing to both tumor progression and resistance to therapy. Dedifferentiated and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas that do not take up radioiodine are resistant to conventional anticancer treatments and patients with these tumors are difficult to treat. BH3 mimetics are a new class of drugs that target anti-apoptotic proteins of the BCL-2 family and promote cell death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the molecular effects of the BH3 mimetic GX15-070 on thyroid carcinoma cell lines and to characterize cell death induced by GX15-070. Methods A total of 17 cell lines derived from follicular, papillary, and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas were treated with GX15-070. Cell viability was measured with MTT assay while cell cycle phase distribution and subG1 peaks were determined after propidium iodide staining. We assessed cell death via the caspase 3/7 activity, caspase cleavage products, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) liberation assays, and a LC3 analysis by western blot. Ultrastructural changes were analysed by electron microscopy of GX15-070-treated cells. Results After GX15-070 treatment, the number of viable cells was decreased in all cell lines examined, with IC50 values ranging from 48nM to 3.25 μM. We observed biochemical markers of autophagic cell death and necrosis like LC3 conversion and LDH release after the GX15-070 treatment. Electron microscopy revealed several common characteristic ultrastructural changes like swelling of mitochondria, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, membrane blebbing and formation of vacuoles. GX15-070 treatment induced DNA fragmentation detected by subG1-peak induction and an arrest in G1 phase of the cell cycle. Caspase activation after GX15-070 incubation was detected but had no effect on viability of cells. Conclusions With these experiments we demonstrated the efficacy of the BH3 mimetic drug GX15-070 acting against dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma cells of various histological origins by the induction of cell death. GX15-070-treated cells underwent non-classical cell death with signs of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in parallel. GX15-07 and related compounds thus may be a new therapeutic option for dedifferentiated thyroid carcinoma of various histological subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Broecker-Preuss
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Department of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Jan Viehof
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Ruhrlandklinik, University Hospital Essen, Tüschener Weg 40, 45239, Essen, Germany.
| | - Holger Jastrow
- Institute of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Nina Becher-Boveleth
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Clinic of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122, Essen, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Fuhrer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany.
| | - Klaus Mann
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, and Division of Laboratory Research, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, Essen, Germany. .,Present address: Center of Endocrinology Alter Hof München, Dienerstr. 12, 80331, Munich, Germany.
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Pfister AS, Keil M, Kühl M. The Wnt Target Protein Peter Pan Defines a Novel p53-independent Nucleolar Stress-Response Pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:10905-18. [PMID: 25759387 PMCID: PMC4409253 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.634246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper ribosome formation is a prerequisite for cell growth and proliferation. Failure of this process results in nucleolar stress and p53-mediated apoptosis. The Wnt target Peter Pan (PPAN) is required for 45 S rRNA maturation. So far, the role of PPAN in nucleolar stress response has remained elusive. We demonstrate that PPAN localizes to mitochondria in addition to its nucleolar localization and inhibits the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in a p53-independent manner. Loss of PPAN induces BAX stabilization, depolarization of mitochondria, and release of cytochrome c, demonstrating its important role as an anti-apoptotic factor. Staurosporine-induced nucleolar stress and apoptosis disrupt nucleolar PPAN localization and induce its accumulation in the cytoplasm. This is accompanied by phosphorylation and subsequent cleavage of PPAN by caspases. Moreover, we show that PPAN is a novel interaction partner of the anti-apoptotic protein nucleophosmin (NPM). PPAN depletion induces NPM and upstream-binding factor (UBF) degradation, which is independent of caspases. In summary, we provide evidence for a novel nucleolar stress-response pathway involving PPAN, NPM, and BAX to guarantee cell survival in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid S. Pfister
- From the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Marina Keil
- From the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Kühl
- From the Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, 89081 Ulm, Germany, To whom correspondence should be addressed: Institute for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D-89081 Ulm, Germany. Tel.: 49-731-500-23283; Fax: 49-731-500-23277; E-mail:
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Trendowski M. Exploiting the cytoskeletal filaments of neoplastic cells to potentiate a novel therapeutic approach. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2014; 1846:599-616. [PMID: 25286320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2014.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although cytoskeletal-directed agents have been a mainstay in chemotherapeutic protocols due to their ability to readily interfere with the rapid mitotic progression of neoplastic cells, they are all microtubule-based drugs, and there has yet to be any microfilament- or intermediate filament-directed agents approved for clinical use. There are many inherent differences between the cytoskeletal networks of malignant and normal cells, providing an ideal target to attain preferential damage. Further, numerous microfilament-directed agents, and an intermediate filament-directed agent of particular interest (withaferin A) have demonstrated in vitro and in vivo efficacy, suggesting that cytoskeletal filaments may be exploited to supplement chemotherapeutic approaches currently used in the clinical setting. Therefore, this review is intended to expose academics and clinicians to the tremendous variety of cytoskeletal filament-directed agents that are currently available for further chemotherapeutic evaluation. The mechanisms by which microfilament directed- and intermediate filament-directed agents damage malignant cells are discussed in detail in order to establish how the drugs can be used in combination with each other, or with currently approved chemotherapeutic agents to generate a substantial synergistic attack, potentially establishing a new paradigm of chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Trendowski
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, 107 College Place, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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Ye D, Shuhendler AJ, Pandit P, Brewer KD, Tee SS, Cui L, Tikhomirov G, Rutt B, Rao J. Caspase-responsive smart gadolinium-based contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging of drug-induced apoptosis. Chem Sci 2014; 4:3845-3852. [PMID: 25429349 PMCID: PMC4241271 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc01392a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive detection of caspase-3/7 activity in vivo has provided invaluable predictive information regarding tumor therapeutic efficacy and anti-tumor drug selection. Although a number of caspase-3/7 targeted fluorescence and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes have been developed, there is still a lack of gadolinium (Gd)-based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probes that enable high spatial resolution detection of caspase-3/7 activity in vivo. Here we employ a self-assembly approach and develop a caspase-3/7 activatable Gd-based MRI probe for monitoring tumor apoptosis in mice. Upon reduction and caspase-3/7 activation, the caspase-sensitive nano-aggregation MR probe (C-SNAM: 1) undergoes biocompatible intramolecular cyclization and subsequent self-assembly into Gd-nanoparticles (GdNPs). This results in enhanced r1 relaxivity-19.0 (post-activation) vs. 10.2 mM-1 s-1 (pre-activation) at 1 T in solution-and prolonged accumulation in chemotherapy-induced apoptotic cells and tumors that express active caspase-3/7. We demonstrate that C-SNAM reports caspase-3/7 activity by generating a significantly brighter T1-weighted MR signal compared to non-treated tumors following intravenous administration of C-SNAM, providing great potential for high-resolution imaging of tumor apoptosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deju Ye
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Adam J. Shuhendler
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Prachi Pandit
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Kimberly D. Brewer
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Grigory Tikhomirov
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Brian Rutt
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
- Departments of Radiology Chemistry, Stanford University, 1201 Welch Road, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
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Bozza WP, Di X, Takeda K, Rivera Rosado LA, Pariser S, Zhang B. The use of a stably expressed FRET biosensor for determining the potency of cancer drugs. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107010. [PMID: 25188024 PMCID: PMC4154796 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancer drugs are intended to kill cancer cells by inducing apoptosis. However, the potency assays used for measuring the bioactivity of these products are generally cell viability assays which do not distinguish between cell death and growth inhibition. Here we describe a cell-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) biosensor designed to measure the bioactivity of apoptosis inducing cancer drugs. The biosensor contains cyan fluorescent protein (CFP) linked via caspase 3 and caspase 8 specific cleavage recognition sequences to yellow fluorescent protein (YFP). Upon caspase activation, as in the case of apoptosis induction, the linker is cleaved abolishing the cellular FRET signal. This assay closely reflects the mechanism of action of cancer drugs, in killing cancer cells and therefore can function as a potency test for different cancer drugs. We rigorously demonstrate this through characterization of a class of proteins targeting the death receptors. The one-step assay appears to be superior to other apoptosis-based assays because of its simplicity, convenience, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Bozza
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Xu Di
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- Microscopy and Imaging Core Facility, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leslie A. Rivera Rosado
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sarah Pariser
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- Brown University, Providence, Rode Island, United States of America
| | - Baolin Zhang
- Division of Therapeutic Proteins, Office of Biotechnology Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Yang XP, Liu TY, Qin XY, Yu LC. Potential protection of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside against staurosporine-induced toxicity on cultured rat hippocampus neurons. Neurosci Lett 2014; 576:79-83. [PMID: 24887581 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2014.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The present study explored the effect of 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside (THSG) on the staurosporine (STS)-induced toxicity in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. The results showed that administration of 200μM of THSG significantly protected against 0.3μM of STS-induced apoptosis in cultured rat hippocampal neurons tested by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assays. Furthermore, when the Akt signaling pathway was blocked by LY294002, an inhibitor of Phosphatidyl Inositol 3-kinase (PI3K), the protective effects of THSG against STS-induced neurotoxicity were abrogated. We further examined the involvement of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in THSG protection against STS-induced cytotoxicity on cultured neurons and found that administration of THSG significantly inhibited the STS-induced decreases in the content of phosphorylated AKt (p-Akt). Moreover, we found that THSG rescued the down-regulation of B cell lymphoma/lewkmia-2 (Bcl2) and pro-caspase-3 (pro-Csp3) caused by STS in the neurons. These results indicate that THSG protect the cultured rat hippocampal neurons against STS-induced cytotoxicity and the PI3K/Akt signaling and mitochondrial apoptotic pathways are involved in the THSG-induced protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ping Yang
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao-Yan Liu
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiao-Yan Qin
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and State Key Laboratory of Chinese Ethnic Minority Traditional Medicine, College of Life & Environmental Science, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Long-Chuan Yu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology and State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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48
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Ye D, Shuhendler AJ, Cui L, Tong L, Tee SS, Tikhomirov G, Felsher DW, Rao J. Bioorthogonal cyclization-mediated in situ self-assembly of small-molecule probes for imaging caspase activity in vivo. Nat Chem 2014; 6:519-26. [PMID: 24848238 PMCID: PMC4031611 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 352] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Directed self-assembly of small molecules in living systems could enable a myriad of applications in biology and medicine, and it has been widely used to synthesize supramolecules and nano/microstructures in solution and in living cells. However, controlling self-assembly of synthetic small molecules in living animals is challenging because of the complex and dynamic in vivo physiological environment. Here we employed an optimized first-order bioorthogonal cyclization reaction to control self-assembly of a fluorescent small molecule, and demonstrated its in vivo applicability by imaging of casapae-3/7 activity in human tumor xenograft mouse models of chemotherapy. The in situ assembled fluorescent nanoparticles have been successfully imaged in both apoptotic cells and tumor tissues using three-dimensional structured illumination microscopy. This strategy combines the advantages offered by small molecules with those of nanomaterials and should find widespread use for non-invasive imaging of enzyme activity in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deju Ye
- 1] Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA [2]
| | - Adam J Shuhendler
- 1] Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA [2]
| | - Lina Cui
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Ling Tong
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5151, USA
| | - Sui Seng Tee
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Grigory Tikhomirov
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
| | - Dean W Felsher
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Division of Oncology, School of Medicine Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305-5151, USA
| | - Jianghong Rao
- Molecular Imaging Program at Stanford, Departments of Radiology and Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5484, USA
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49
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McGrath P, Seng WL. Use of zebrafish apoptosis assays for preclinical drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2013; 8:1191-202. [DOI: 10.1517/17460441.2013.825244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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50
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Abstract
Two major apoptosis pathways, the mitochondrial and death receptor pathways, are well recognized. Here we established cell lines from the fetal thymus of Apaf-1-, Caspase-9-, or Bax/Bak-deficient mice. These cell lines were resistant to apoptosis induced by DNA-damaging agents, RNA or protein synthesis inhibitors, or stress in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, they underwent efficient apoptosis when treated with kinase inhibitors such as staurosporine and H-89, indicating that these inhibitors induce a caspase-dependent apoptosis that is different from the mitochondrial pathway. CrmA, a Caspase-8 inhibitor, did not prevent staurosporine-induced apoptosis of fetal thymic cell lines, suggesting that the death receptor pathway was also not involved in this process. The staurosporine-induced cell death was inhibited by okadaic acid, a serine/threonine phosphatase inhibitor, suggesting that dephosphorylation of a proapoptotic molecule triggered the death process, or that phosphorylation of an antiapoptotic molecule could block the process. Cells of various types (fetal thymocytes, bone marrows, thymocytes, and splenocytes), but not embryonic fibroblasts, were sensitive to the noncanonical staurosporine-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the noncanonical apoptosis pathway is tissue specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Imao
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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