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Zhan T, Song W, Jing G, Yuan Y, Kang N, Zhang Q. Zebrafish live imaging: a strong weapon in anticancer drug discovery and development. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1807-1835. [PMID: 38514602 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03406-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Developing anticancer drugs is a complex and time-consuming process. The inability of current laboratory models to reflect important aspects of the tumor in vivo limits anticancer medication research. Zebrafish is a rapid, semi-automated in vivo screening platform that enables the use of non-invasive imaging methods to monitor morphology, survival, developmental status, response to drugs, locomotion, or other behaviors. Zebrafish models are widely used in drug discovery and development for anticancer drugs, especially in conjunction with live imaging techniques. Herein, we concentrated on the use of zebrafish live imaging in anticancer therapeutic research, including drug screening, efficacy assessment, toxicity assessment, and mechanism studies. Zebrafish live imaging techniques have been used in numerous studies, but this is the first time that these techniques have been comprehensively summarized and compared side by side. Finally, we discuss the hypothesis of Zebrafish Composite Model, which may provide future directions for zebrafish imaging in the field of cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiancheng Zhan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqian Song
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guo Jing
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Yuan
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Kang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qiang Zhang
- School of Medical Technology, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 10 Poyanghu Rd, Jinghai District, Tianjin, 301617, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Harte DSG, Lynch AM, Verma J, Rees P, Filby A, Wills JW, Johnson GE. A multi-biomarker micronucleus assay using imaging flow cytometry. Arch Toxicol 2024:10.1007/s00204-024-03801-7. [PMID: 38995349 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-024-03801-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
Genetic toxicity testing assesses the potential of compounds to cause DNA damage. There are many genetic toxicology screening assays designed to assess the DNA damaging potential of chemicals in early drug development aiding the identification of promising drugs that have low-risk potential for causing genetic damage contributing to cancer risk in humans. Despite this, in vitro tests generate a high number of misleading positives, the consequences of which can lead to unnecessary animal testing and/or the abandonment of promising drug candidates. Understanding chemical Mode of Action (MoA) is vital to identifying the true genotoxic potential of substances and, therefore, the risk translation into the clinic. Here we demonstrate a simple, robust protocol for staining fixed, human-lymphoblast p53 proficient TK6 cells with antibodies against ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3S28 along with DRAQ5™ DNA staining that enables analysis of un-lysed cells via microscopy approaches such as imaging flow cytometry. Here, we used the Cytek® Amnis® ImageStream®X Mk II which provides a high-throughput acquisition platform with the sensitivity of flow cytometry and spatial morphological information associated with microscopy. Using the ImageStream manufacturer's software (IDEAS® 6.2), a masking strategy was developed to automatically detect and quantify micronucleus events (MN) and characterise biomarker populations. The gating strategy developed enables the generation of a template capable of automatically batch processing data files quantifying cell-cycle, MN, ɣH2AX, p53 and pH3 populations simultaneously. In this way, we demonstrate how a multiplex system enables DNA damage assessment alongside MN identification using un-lysed cells on the imaging flow cytometry platform. As a proof-of-concept, we use the tool chemicals carbendazim and methyl methanesulphonate (MMS) to demonstrate the assay's ability to correctly identify clastogenic or aneugenic MoAs using the biomarker profiles established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle S G Harte
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Anthony M Lynch
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
| | - Jatin Verma
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Paul Rees
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Imaging Platform, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Filby
- Core Flow Facility, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John W Wills
- GSK R&D, Stevenage, UK
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK
| | - George E Johnson
- Swansea University Medical School, Swansea University, Swansea, UK.
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3
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Luo W, Hu K, Chen Y, Wang L, Liu Y. Specific human CYP enzymes-dependent mutagenicity of tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (an organophosphorus flame retardant) in human and hamster cell lines. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 397:111088. [PMID: 38823534 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is an organophosphorus flame retardant ubiquitously present in the environment and even the human body. TBOEP is toxic in multiple tissues, which forms dealkylated and hydroxylated metabolites under incubation with human hepatic microsomes; however, the impact of TBOEP metabolism on its toxicity, particularly mutagenicity (typically requiring metabolic activation), is left unidentified. In this study, the mutagenicity of TBOEP in human hepatoma cell lines (HepG2 and C3A) and the role of specific CYPs were studied. Through molecular docking, TBOEP bound to human CYP1A1, 1B1, 2B6 and 3A4 with energies and conformations favorable for catalyzing reactions, while the conformations of its binding with human CYP1A2 and 2E1 appeared unfavorable. In C3A cells (endogenous CYPs being substantial), TBOEP exposing for 72 h (2-cell cycle) at low micromolar levels induced micronucleus, which was abolished by 1-aminobenzotriazole (inhibitor of CYPs); in HepG2 cells (CYPs being insufficient) TBOEP did not induce micronucleus, whose effect was however potentiated by pretreating the cells with PCB126 (CYP1A1 inducer) or rifampicin (CYP3A4 inducer). TBOEP induced micronucleus in Chinese hamster V79-derived cell lines genetically engineered for stably expressing human CYP1A1 and 3A4, but not in cells expressing the other CYPs. In C3A cells, TBOEP selectively induced centromere protein B-free micronucleus (visualized by immunofluorescence) and PIG-A gene mutations, and elevated γ-H2AX rather than p-H3 (by Western blot) which indicated specific double-strand DNA breaks. Therefore, this study suggests that TBOEP may induce DNA/chromosome breaks and gene mutations in human cells, which requires metabolic activation by CYPs, primarily CYP1A1 and 3A4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Luo
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Keqi Hu
- Department of Science and Education, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, 466 Xingang Middle Road, Guangzhou, 510317, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health (Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research), Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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4
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Thirman HL, Hayes MJ, Brown LE, Porco JA, Irish JM. Single Cell Profiling Distinguishes Leukemia-Selective Chemotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.05.01.591362. [PMID: 38826485 PMCID: PMC11142275 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.01.591362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
A central challenge in chemical biology is to distinguish molecular families in which small structural changes trigger large changes in cell biology. Such families might be ideal scaffolds for developing cell-selective chemical effectors - for example, molecules that activate DNA damage responses in malignant cells while sparing healthy cells. Across closely related structural variants, subtle structural changes have the potential to result in contrasting bioactivity patterns across different cell types. Here, we tested a 600-compound Diversity Set of screening molecules from the Boston University Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD) in a novel phospho-flow assay that tracked fundamental cell biological processes, including DNA damage response, apoptosis, M-phase cell cycle, and protein synthesis in MV411 leukemia cells. Among the chemotypes screened, synthetic congeners of the rocaglate family were especially bioactive. In follow-up studies, 37 rocaglates were selected and deeply characterized using 12 million additional cellular measurements across MV411 leukemia cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Of the selected rocaglates, 92% displayed significant bioactivity in human cells, and 65% selectively induced DNA damage responses in leukemia and not healthy human blood cells. Furthermore, the signaling and cell-type selectivity were connected to structural features of rocaglate subfamilies. In particular, three rocaglates from the rocaglate pyrimidinone (RP) structural subclass were the only molecules that activated exceptional DNA damage responses in leukemia cells without activating a detectable DNA damage response in healthy cells. These results indicate that the RP subset should be extensively characterized for anticancer therapeutic potential as it relates to the DNA damage response. This single cell profiling approach advances a chemical biology platform to dissect how systematic variations in chemical structure can profoundly and differentially impact basic functions of healthy and diseased cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah L. Thirman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Chemical & Physical Biology Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Madeline J. Hayes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren E. Brown
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Irish
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
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5
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Bryant L, Sangree A, Clark K, Bhoj E. Histone 3.3-related chromatinopathy: missense variants throughout H3-3A and H3-3B cause a range of functional consequences across species. Hum Genet 2024; 143:497-510. [PMID: 36867246 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02536-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
There has been considerable recent interest in the role that germline variants in histone genes play in Mendelian syndromes. Specifically, missense variants in H3-3A and H3-3B, which both encode Histone 3.3, were discovered to cause a novel neurodevelopmental disorder, Bryant-Li-Bhoj syndrome. Most of the causative variants are private and scattered throughout the protein, but all seem to have either a gain-of-function or dominant negative effect on protein function. This is highly unusual and not well understood. However, there is extensive literature about the effects of Histone 3.3 mutations in model organisms. Here, we collate the previous data to provide insight into the elusive pathogenesis of missense variants in Histone 3.3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bryant
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Annabel Sangree
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kelly Clark
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bhoj
- Division of Human Genetics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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6
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Lossi L, Castagna C, Merighi A. An Overview of the Epigenetic Modifications in the Brain under Normal and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3881. [PMID: 38612690 PMCID: PMC11011998 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic changes are changes in gene expression that do not involve alterations to the DNA sequence. These changes lead to establishing a so-called epigenetic code that dictates which and when genes are activated, thus orchestrating gene regulation and playing a central role in development, health, and disease. The brain, being mostly formed by cells that do not undergo a renewal process throughout life, is highly prone to the risk of alterations leading to neuronal death and neurodegenerative disorders, mainly at a late age. Here, we review the main epigenetic modifications that have been described in the brain, with particular attention on those related to the onset of developmental anomalies or neurodegenerative conditions and/or occurring in old age. DNA methylation and several types of histone modifications (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, lactylation, and crotonylation) are major players in these processes. They are directly or indirectly involved in the onset of neurodegeneration in Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Therefore, this review briefly describes the roles of these epigenetic changes in the mechanisms of brain development, maturation, and aging and some of the most important factors dynamically regulating or contributing to these changes, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Adalberto Merighi
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; (L.L.); (C.C.)
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7
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Ko BS, Han MH, Kwon MJ, Cha DG, Ji Y, Park ES, Jeon MJ, Kim S, Lee K, Choi YH, Lee J, Torras-Llort M, Yoon KJ, Lee H, Kim JK, Lee SB. Baf-mediated transcriptional regulation of teashirt is essential for the development of neural progenitor cell lineages. Exp Mol Med 2024; 56:422-440. [PMID: 38374207 PMCID: PMC10907700 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-024-01169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence hints heterochromatin anchoring to the inner nuclear membrane as an upstream regulatory process of gene expression. Given that the formation of neural progenitor cell lineages and the subsequent maintenance of postmitotic neuronal cell identity critically rely on transcriptional regulation, it seems possible that the development of neuronal cells is influenced by cell type-specific and/or context-dependent programmed regulation of heterochromatin anchoring. Here, we explored this possibility by genetically disrupting the evolutionarily conserved barrier-to-autointegration factor (Baf) in the Drosophila nervous system. Through single-cell RNA sequencing, we demonstrated that Baf knockdown induces prominent transcriptomic changes, particularly in type I neuroblasts. Among the differentially expressed genes, our genetic analyses identified teashirt (tsh), a transcription factor that interacts with beta-catenin, to be closely associated with Baf knockdown-induced phenotypes that were suppressed by the overexpression of tsh or beta-catenin. We also found that Baf and tsh colocalized in a region adjacent to heterochromatin in type I NBs. Notably, the subnuclear localization pattern remained unchanged when one of these two proteins was knocked down, indicating that both proteins contribute to the anchoring of heterochromatin to the inner nuclear membrane. Overall, this study reveals that the Baf-mediated transcriptional regulation of teashirt is a novel molecular mechanism that regulates the development of neural progenitor cell lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Su Ko
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Hoon Han
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jee Kwon
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Gon Cha
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuri Ji
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seo Park
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jae Jeon
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Somi Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeongho Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Choi
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusung Lee
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Ki-Jun Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyosang Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
- Convergence Research Advanced Centre for Olfaction, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Kyoung Kim
- Department of New Biology, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sung Bae Lee
- Department of Brain Sciences, DGIST, Daegu, 42988, Republic of Korea.
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Ming T, Yuting L, Meiling D, Shengtao C, Jihua R, Hui Z, Wanjin C, Dian L, Tingting G, Juan C, Zhenzhen Z. Chromatin binding protein HMGN1 promotes HBV cccDNA transcription and replication by regulating the phosphorylation of histone 3. Antiviral Res 2024; 221:105796. [PMID: 38181856 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Direct elimination of cccDNA remains a formidable obstacle due to the persistent and stable presence of cccDNA in hepatocyte nuclei. The silencing of cccDNA transcription enduringly is one of alternative strategies in the treatment of hepatitis B. Protein binding to cccDNA plays an important role in its transcriptional regulation; thus, the identification of key factors involved in this process is of great importance. APPROACHES AND RESULTS In the present study, high mobility group nucleosome binding domain 1 (HMGN1) was screened out based on our biotin-avidin enrichment system. First, chromatin immunoprecipitation and fluorescent in situ hybridization assays confirmed the binding of HMGN1 with cccDNA in the nucleus. Second, functional experiments in HBV-infected cells showed that the promoting effect of HMGN1 on HBV transcription and replication depended on the functional region of the nucleosomal binding domain, while transfection of the HMGN1 mutant showed no influence on HBV compared with the vector. Third, further mechanistic exploration revealed that the silencing of HMGN1 increased the level of phosphorylase CLK2 and promoted H3 phosphorylation causing the reduced accessibility of cccDNA. Moreover, silenced HMGN1 was mimicked in HBV (r) cccDNA mouse model of HBV infection in vivo. The results showed that silencing HMGN1 inhibited HBV replication in vivo. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study identified that a host protein can bind to cccDNA and promote its transcription, providing a candidate strategy for anti-HBV targeting to interfere with the transcriptional activity of cccDNA microchromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Ming
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China; The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liu Yuting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dong Meiling
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Infectious Diseases Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Cheng Shengtao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ren Jihua
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhang Hui
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Wanjin
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Dian
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gao Tingting
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chen Juan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China; Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Zhang Zhenzhen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Child Infection and Immunity, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Medical University Chongqing, China.
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9
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Abdel-Razek O, Marzouk A, MacKinnon M, Guy ET, Pohar SA, Zhushma E, Liu J, Sia I, Gokey JJ, Tay HG, Amack JD. Calcium signaling mediates proliferation of the precursor cells that give rise to the ciliated left-right organizer in the zebrafish embryo. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1292076. [PMID: 38152112 PMCID: PMC10751931 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1292076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Several of our internal organs, including heart, lungs, stomach, and spleen, develop asymmetrically along the left-right (LR) body axis. Errors in establishing LR asymmetry, or laterality, of internal organs during early embryonic development can result in birth defects. In several vertebrates-including humans, mice, frogs, and fish-cilia play a central role in establishing organ laterality. Motile cilia in a transient embryonic structure called the "left-right organizer" (LRO) generate a directional fluid flow that has been proposed to be detected by mechanosensory cilia to trigger asymmetric signaling pathways that orient the LR axis. However, the mechanisms that control the form and function of the ciliated LRO remain poorly understood. In the zebrafish embryo, precursor cells called dorsal forerunner cells (DFCs) develop into a transient ciliated structure called Kupffer's vesicle (KV) that functions as the LRO. DFCs can be visualized and tracked in the embryo, thereby providing an opportunity to investigate mechanisms that control LRO development. Previous work revealed that proliferation of DFCs via mitosis is a critical step for developing a functional KV. Here, we conducted a targeted pharmacological screen to identify mechanisms that control DFC proliferation. Small molecule inhibitors of the sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) were found to reduce DFC mitosis. The SERCA pump is involved in regulating intracellular calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration. To visualize Ca2+ in living embryos, we generated transgenic zebrafish using the fluorescent Ca2+ biosensor GCaMP6f. Live imaging identified dynamic cytoplasmic Ca2+ transients ("flux") that occur unambiguously in DFCs. In addition, we report Ca2+ flux events that occur in the nucleus of DFCs. Nuclear Ca2+ flux occurred in DFCs that were about to undergo mitosis. We find that SERCA inhibitor treatments during DFC proliferation stages alters Ca2+ dynamics, reduces the number of ciliated cells in KV, and alters embryo laterality. Mechanistically, SERCA inhibitor treatments eliminated both cytoplasmic and nuclear Ca2+ flux events, and reduced progression of DFCs through the S/G2 phases of the cell cycle. These results identify SERCA-mediated Ca2+ signaling as a mitotic regulator of the precursor cells that give rise to the ciliated LRO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama Abdel-Razek
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Amanda Marzouk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Madison MacKinnon
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Edward T. Guy
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Sonny A. Pohar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Emily Zhushma
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Junjie Liu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Isabel Sia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jason J. Gokey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Hwee Goon Tay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Jeffrey D. Amack
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, State University of New York Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse, NY, United States
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10
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Sung HM, Schott J, Boss P, Lehmann JA, Hardt MR, Lindner D, Messens J, Bogeski I, Ohler U, Stoecklin G. Stress-induced nuclear speckle reorganization is linked to activation of immediate early gene splicing. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202111151. [PMID: 37956386 PMCID: PMC10641589 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202111151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Current models posit that nuclear speckles (NSs) serve as reservoirs of splicing factors and facilitate posttranscriptional mRNA processing. Here, we discovered that ribotoxic stress induces a profound reorganization of NSs with enhanced recruitment of factors required for splice-site recognition, including the RNA-binding protein TIAR, U1 snRNP proteins and U2-associated factor 65, as well as serine 2 phosphorylated RNA polymerase II. NS reorganization relies on the stress-activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and coincides with splicing activation of both pre-existing and newly synthesized pre-mRNAs. In particular, ribotoxic stress causes targeted excision of retained introns from pre-mRNAs of immediate early genes (IEGs), whose transcription is induced during the stress response. Importantly, enhanced splicing of the IEGs ZFP36 and FOS is accompanied by relocalization of the corresponding nuclear mRNA foci to NSs. Our study reveals NSs as a dynamic compartment that is remodeled under stress conditions, whereby NSs appear to become sites of IEG transcription and efficient cotranscriptional splicing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsu-Min Sung
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Johanna Schott
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Boss
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina A. Lehmann
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marius Roland Hardt
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Doris Lindner
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Redox Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ivan Bogeski
- Molecular Physiology, Institute of Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center, Georg-August-University, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Uwe Ohler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georg Stoecklin
- Mannheim Institute for Innate Immunoscience (MI3) and Mannheim Cancer Center (MCC), Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
- Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)-ZMBH Alliance, Heidelberg, Germany
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11
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Melo ML, Fonseca R, Pauli F, Zavan B, Hanemann JAC, Miyazawa M, Caixeta ES, Nacif JLM, Aissa AF, Barreiro EJ, Ionta M. N-acylhydrazone derivative modulates cell cycle regulators promoting mitosis arrest and apoptosis in estrogen positive MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2023; 93:105686. [PMID: 37652252 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women worldwide. About 75% of all diagnosed cases are hormone-positive, which are treated with hormone therapy. However, many patients are refractory or become resistant to the drugs used in therapeutic protocols. In this scenario, it is essential to identify new substances with pharmacological potential against breast cancer. VEGFR2 inhibitors are considered promising antitumor agents not only due to their antiangiogenic activity but also by inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of N-acylhydrazone derivative LASSBio-2029 on the proliferative behavior of MCF-7 cells. We observed a promising antitumor potential of this substance due to its ability to modulate critical cell cycle regulators including mitotic kinases (CDK1, AURKA, AURKB, and PLK1) and CDK inhibitor (CDKN1A). Increased frequencies of abnormal mitosis and apoptotic cells were observed in response to treatment. A molecular docking analysis predicts that LASSBio-2029 could bind to the proto-oncoprotein ABL1, which participates in cell cycle control, interacting with other controller proteins and regulating centrosome-associated tubulins. Finally, we created a gene signature with the downregulated genes, whose reduced expression is associated with a higher relapse-free survival probability in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Lúcia Melo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Rafael Fonseca
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Pauli
- Institute of Chemistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ 24020-140, Brazil
| | - Bruno Zavan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil
| | - João Adolfo Costa Hanemann
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry. Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | - Marta Miyazawa
- Department of Clinic and Surgery, School of Dentistry. Federal University of Alfenas, 37130-001, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Alexandre Ferro Aissa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil.
| | - Eliezer J Barreiro
- Laboratory of Evaluation and Synthesis of Bioactive Substances (LASSBio), Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Marisa Ionta
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Alfenas, MG 37130-001, Brazil.
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12
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Żabka A, Gocek N, Polit JT, Maszewski J. Epigenetic modifications evidenced by isolation of proteins on nascent DNA and immunofluorescence in hydroxyurea-treated root meristem cells of Vicia faba. PLANTA 2023; 258:95. [PMID: 37814174 PMCID: PMC10562345 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04249-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION By implementation of the iPOND technique for plant material, changes in posttranslational modifications of histones were identified in hydroxyurea-treated root meristem cells of Vicia. Replication stress (RS) disrupts or inhibits replication forks and by altering epigenetic information of the newly formed chromatin can affect gene regulation and/or spatial organisation of DNA. Experiments on Vicia faba root meristem cells exposed to short-term treatment with 3 mM hydroxyurea (HU, an inhibitor of DNA replication) were aimed to understand epigenetic changes related to RS. To achieve this, the following histone modifications were studied using isolation of proteins on nascent DNA (iPOND) technique (for the first time on plant material) combined with immunofluorescence labeling: (i) acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 56 (H3K56Ac), (ii) acetylation of histone H4 at Lys 5 (H4K5Ac), and (iii) phosphorylation of histone H3 at threonine 45 (H3T45Ph). Certainly, the implementation of the iPOND method for plants may prove to be a key step for a more in-depth understanding of the cell's response to RS at the chromatin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Cytophysiology, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Natalia Gocek
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Cytophysiology, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Cytophysiology, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
| | - Janusz Maszewski
- Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection Department of Cytophysiology, University of Lodz, 90-236, Lodz, Poland
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13
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Dhakal R, Kalladka K, Singha A, Pandyanda Nanjappa D, Ravindra J, Vittal R, Sil SK, Chakraborty A, Chakraborty G. Investigation of anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties of Parkia javanica bark and fruit extracts in zebrafish. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289117. [PMID: 37478119 PMCID: PMC10361473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of herbal products as traditional medicines has been a practice in India for centuries. Due to high ethnic diversity, the pool of herbal medicines is enormous, and they are often preferred over modern medicines in certain parts of the country. Cancer is one of the major non-communicable diseases affecting people worldwide. Despite considerable research, cancer is a disease that is still not understood completely, and there have been constant efforts towards the identification of novel drugs or approaches in cancer management. Parkia javanica, an important medicinal plant and a rich source of flavonoids and terpenoids, is widely studied for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Traditionally, the fruit and bark extracts of P. javanica find use as home remedy for dysentery and piles in NE India. Moreover, the fruits are consumed by the people of North-East (NE) India as vegetables, either in steamed or cooked form. In this study, crude extracts of P. javanica fruit and bark were obtained, the sub-lethal dose was determined and were then analyzed for anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties using a battery of assays in zebrafish embryos. The sub-lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was found to be 28.66 mg/L and 346.66 mg/L for bark and fruit extract respectively, indicating a decreased toxicity of the fruit extract compared to that of the bark. The anti-proliferative and anti-angiogenic properties were more pronounced for the fruit extract compared to the bark extract. Although preliminary, the results of the study suggest that P. javanica fruits possess potent anti-angiogenic and anti-proliferative properties, which can be further studied for the isolation of active phytochemicals for use as therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasik Dhakal
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Krithika Kalladka
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Achinta Singha
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Agartala, India
| | - Dechamma Pandyanda Nanjappa
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Jeshma Ravindra
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Rajeshwari Vittal
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Samir Kumar Sil
- Cell Physiology and Cancer Biology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Agartala, India
| | - Anirban Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
| | - Gunimala Chakraborty
- Division of Molecular Genetics and Cancer, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, India
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14
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Cunningham CB, Shelby EA, McKinney EC, Schmitz RJ, Moore AJ, Moore PJ. The role of Dmnt1 during spermatogenesis of the insect Oncopeltus fasciatus. Epigenetics Chromatin 2023; 16:28. [PMID: 37393253 DOI: 10.1186/s13072-023-00496-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The function of DNA methyltransferase genes of insects is a puzzle, because an association between gene expression and methylation is not universal for insects. If the genes normally involved in cytosine methylation are not influencing gene expression, what might be their role? We previously demonstrated that gametogenesis of Oncopeltus fasciatus is interrupted at meiosis following knockdown of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and this is unrelated to changes in levels of cytosine methylation. Here, using transcriptomics, we tested the hypothesis that Dmnt1 is a part of the meiotic gene pathway. Testes, which almost exclusively contain gametes at varying stages of development, were sampled at 7 days and 14 days following knockdown of Dmnt1 using RNAi. RESULTS Using microscopy, we found actively dividing spermatocysts were reduced at both timepoints. However, as with other studies, we saw Dnmt1 knockdown resulted in condensed nuclei after mitosis-meiosis transition, and then cellular arrest. We found limited support for a functional role for Dnmt1 in our predicted cell cycle and meiotic pathways. An examination of a priori Gene Ontology terms showed no enrichment for meiosis. We then used the full data set to reveal further candidate pathways influenced by Dnmt1 for further hypotheses. Very few genes were differentially expressed at 7 days, but nearly half of all transcribed genes were differentially expressed at 14 days. We found no strong candidate pathways for how Dnmt1 knockdown was achieving its effect through Gene Ontology term overrepresentation analysis. CONCLUSIONS We, therefore, suggest that Dmnt1 plays a role in chromosome dynamics based on our observations of condensed nuclei and cellular arrest with no specific molecular pathways disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily A Shelby
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Allen J Moore
- Dept. of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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15
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Decoding the lncRNAome Across Diverse Cellular Stresses Reveals Core p53-effector Pan-cancer Suppressive lncRNAs. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2023; 3:842-859. [PMID: 37377895 PMCID: PMC10173889 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Despite long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) emerging as key contributors to malignancies, their transcriptional regulation, tissue-type expression under different conditions, and functions remain largely unknown. Developing a combined computational and experimental framework, which integrates pan-cancer RNAi/CRISPR screens, and genomic, epigenetic, and expression profiles (including single-cell RNA sequencing), we report across multiple cancers, core p53-transcriptionally regulated lncRNAs, which were thought to be primarily cell/tissue-specific. These lncRNAs were consistently directly transactivated by p53 with different cellular stresses in multiple cell types and associated with pan-cancer cell survival/growth suppression and patient survival. Our prediction results were verified through independent validation datasets, our own patient cohort, and cancer cell experiments. Moreover, a top predicted p53-effector tumor-suppressive lncRNA (we termed PTSL) inhibited cell proliferation and colony formation by modulating the G2 regulatory network, causing G2 cell-cycle arrest. Therefore, our results elucidated previously unreported, high-confidence core p53-targeted lncRNAs that suppress tumorigenesis across cell types and stresses. Significance Identification of pan-cancer suppressive lncRNAs transcriptionally regulated by p53 across different cellular stresses by integrating multilayered high-throughput molecular profiles. This study provides critical new insights into the p53 tumor suppressor by revealing the lncRNAs in the p53 cell-cycle regulatory network and their impact on cancer cell growth and patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Clare M. Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine M. Eischen
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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16
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Marzougui Z, Le Hegarat L, Hogeveen K, Huet S, Kharrat R, Marrouchi R, Fessard V. An Evaluation of the Cytotoxic and Genotoxic Effects of the Marine Toxin C17-SAMT in Human TK6 and HepaRG Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097805. [PMID: 37175512 PMCID: PMC10177896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of C17-sphinganine analog mycotoxin (C17-SAMT) using in vitro assays. C17-SAMT was previously identified as the cause of unusual toxicity in cultured mussels from the Bizerte Lagoon in northern Tunisia. While a previous in vivo genotoxicity study was inconclusive, in vitro results demonstrated that C17-SAMT induced an increase in micronucleus formation in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells at concentrations of 0.87 µM and 1.74 µM. In addition, multiparametric cytotoxicity assays were performed in the human hepatoma HepaRG cell line, which showed that C17-SAMT induced mitochondrial dysfunction, decreased cellular ATP levels, and altered the expression of various proteins, including superoxide dismutase SOD2, heme oxygenase HO-1, and NF-κB. These results suggest that C17-SAMT is mutagenic in vitro and can induce mitochondrial dysfunction in HepaRG cells. However, the exact mode of action of this toxin requires further investigation. Overall, this study highlights the potential toxicity of C17-SAMT and the need for further research to better understand its effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeineb Marzougui
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
- Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie, Université de Carthage, Tunis 1082, Tunisia
| | - Ludovic Le Hegarat
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Kevin Hogeveen
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Sylvie Huet
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
| | - Riadh Kharrat
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Marrouchi
- Laboratoire des Venins et Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Université Tunis El Manar, 13 Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia
| | - Valérie Fessard
- Unité de Toxicologie des Contaminants, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES), 10 B rue Claude Bourgelat, 35306 Fougères, France
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17
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Zhong J, Liang M, Tang Q, Ai Y. Selectable encapsulated cell quantity in droplets via label-free electrical screening and impedance-activated sorting. Mater Today Bio 2023; 19:100594. [PMID: 36910274 PMCID: PMC9999206 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-cell encapsulation in droplets has become a powerful tool in immunotherapy, medicine discovery, and single-cell analysis, thanks to its capability for cell confinement in picoliter volumes. However, the purity and throughput of single-cell droplets are limited by random encapsulation process, which resuts in a majority of empty and multi-cells droplets. Herein we introduce the first label-free selectable cell quantity encapsulation in droplets sorting system to overcome this problem. The system utilizes a simple and reliable electrical impedance based screening (98.9% of accuracy) integrated with biocompatible acoustic sorting to select single-cell droplets, achieving 90.3% of efficiency and up to 200 Hz of throughput, by removing multi-cells (∼60% of rejection) and empty droplets (∼90% of rejection). We demonstrate the use of the droplet sorting to improve the throughput of single-cell encapsulation by ∼9-fold compared to the conventional random encapsulation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhong
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Minhui Liang
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
| | - Qiang Tang
- Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Biomedical Materials and Advanced Medical Devices, Faculty of Mechanical and Material Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Ye Ai
- Pillar of Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 8 Somapah Road, Singapore, 487372, Singapore
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18
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Understanding the Combined Effects of High Glucose Induced Hyper-Osmotic Stress and Oxygen Tension in the Progression of Tumourigenesis: From Mechanism to Anti-Cancer Therapeutics. Cells 2023; 12:cells12060825. [PMID: 36980166 PMCID: PMC10047272 DOI: 10.3390/cells12060825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
High glucose (HG), a hallmark of the tumour microenvironment, is also a biomechanical stressor, as it exerts hyper-osmotic stress (HG-HO), but not much is known regarding how tumour cells mechanoadapt to HG-HO. Therefore, this study aimed to delineate the novel molecular mechanisms by which tumour cells mechanoadapt to HG/HG-HO and whether phytochemical-based interference in these mechanisms can generate tumour-cell-selective vulnerability to cell death. Mannitol and L-glucose were used as hyper-osmotic equivalents of high glucose. The results revealed that the tumour cells can efficiently mechanoadapt to HG-HO only in the normoxic microenvironment. Under normoxic HG/HG-HO stress, tumour cells polySUMOylate a higher pool of mitotic driver pH3(Ser10), which translocates to the nucleus and promotes faster cell divisions. On the contrary, acute hypoxia dampens HG/HG-HO-associated excessive proliferation by upregulating sentrin protease SENP7. SENP7 promotes abnormal SUMOylation of pH3(Ser10), thereby restricting its nuclear entry and promoting the M-phase arrest and cell loss. However, the hypoxia-arrested cells that managed to survive showed relapse upon reversal to normoxia as well as upregulation of pro-survival-associated SENP1, and players in tumour growth signalling, autophagy, glycolytic pathways etc. Depletion of SENP1 in both normoxia and hypoxia caused significant loss of tumour cells vs undepleted controls. SENP1 was ascertained to restrict the abnormal SUMOylation of pH3(Ser10) in both normoxia and hypoxia, although not so efficiently in hypoxia, due to the opposing activity of SENP7. Co-treatment with Momordin Ic (MC), a natural SENP1 inhibitor, and Gallic Acid (GA), an inhibitor of identified major pro-tumourigenic signalling (both enriched in Momordica charantia), eliminated surviving tumour cells in normal glucose, HG and HG-HO normoxic and hypoxic microenvironments, suggesting that appropriate and enhanced polySUMOylation of pH3(Ser10) in response to HG/HG-HO stress was attenuated by this treatment along with further dampening of other key tumourigenic signalling, due to which tumour cells could no longer proliferate and grow.
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19
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Mohamed BM, Ward MP, Bates M, Spillane CD, Kelly T, Martin C, Gallagher M, Heffernan S, Norris L, Kennedy J, Saadeh FA, Gleeson N, Brooks DA, Brooks RD, Selemidis S, O'Toole S, O'Leary JJ. Ex vivo expansion of circulating tumour cells (CTCs). Sci Rep 2023; 13:3704. [PMID: 36879003 PMCID: PMC9988863 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30733-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are a critical intermediate step in the process of cancer metastasis. The reliability of CTC isolation/purification has limited both the potential to report on metastatic progression and the development of CTCs as targets for therapeutic intervention. Here we report a new methodology, which optimises the culture conditions for CTCs using primary cancer cells as a model system. We exploited the known biology that CTCs thrive in hypoxic conditions, with their survival and proliferation being reliant on the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α). We isolated epithelial-like and quasi-mesenchymal CTC phenotypes from the blood of a cancer patient and successfully cultured these cells for more than 8 weeks. The presence of CTC clusters was required to establish and maintain long-term cultures. This novel methodology for the long-term culture of CTCs will aid in the development of downstream applications, including CTC theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir M Mohamed
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland. .,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Mark P Ward
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Mark Bates
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cathy D Spillane
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Tanya Kelly
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Cara Martin
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Michael Gallagher
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sheena Heffernan
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Lucy Norris
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John Kennedy
- HOPE Directorate, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Feras Abu Saadeh
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Noreen Gleeson
- Division of Gynaecological Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Doug A Brooks
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Robert D Brooks
- Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC, 3083, Australia
| | - Sharon O'Toole
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - John J O'Leary
- Department of Histopathology, Trinity College Dublin, Emer Casey Molecular Pathology Research Laboratory, Coombe Women & Infants University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.,Trinity St James's Cancer Institute, Dublin 8, Ireland
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20
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Chen Y, Chen Y, Fu J, Sun Z, Li H, Xiao W, E J, Lo BY, Wang N, Zhang W, Klotman ME, Klotman PE, Kopp JB, D'Agati VD, He JC, Lee K. Tubular-specific expression of HIV protein Vpr leads to severe tubulointerstitial damage accompanied by progressive fibrosis and cystic development. Kidney Int 2023; 103:529-543. [PMID: 36565808 PMCID: PMC9974916 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common cause of morbidity in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals. HIV infection leads to a wide spectrum of kidney cell damage, including tubular epithelial cell (TEC) injury. Among the HIV-1 proteins, the pathologic effects of viral protein R (Vpr) are well established and include DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and cell death. Several in vitro studies have unraveled the molecular pathways driving the cytopathic effects of Vpr in tubular epithelial cells. However, the in vivo effects of Vpr on tubular injury and CKD pathogenesis have not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we use a novel inducible tubular epithelial cell-specific Vpr transgenic mouse model to show that Vpr expression leads to progressive tubulointerstitial damage, interstitial inflammation and fibrosis, and tubular cyst development. Importantly, Vpr-expressing tubular epithelial cells displayed significant hypertrophy, aberrant cell division, and atrophy; all reminiscent of tubular injuries observed in human HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN). Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed the Vpr-mediated transcriptomic responses in specific tubular subsets and highlighted the potential multifaceted role of p53 in the regulation of cell metabolism, proliferation, and death pathways in Vpr-expressing tubular epithelial cells. Thus, our study demonstrates that HIV Vpr expression in tubular cells is sufficient to induce HIVAN-like tubulointerstitial damage and fibrosis, independent of glomerulosclerosis and proteinuria. Additionally, as this new mouse model develops progressive CKD with diffuse fibrosis and kidney failure, it can serve as a useful tool to examine the mechanisms of kidney disease progression and fibrosis in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Six Municipal Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Chen
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jia Fu
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Zeguo Sun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Huilin Li
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Wenzhen Xiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jing E
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Benjamin Y Lo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Niansong Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Six Municipal Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mary E Klotman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Paul E Klotman
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Jeffrey B Kopp
- Kidney Disease Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Vivette D D'Agati
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Cijiang He
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA; Renal Section, James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA.
| | - Kyung Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA.
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21
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Abedini A, Landry DA, Macaulay AD, Vaishnav H, Parbhakar A, Ibrahim D, Salehi R, Maranda V, Macdonald E, Vanderhyden BC. SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling subunit Smarca4/BRG1 is essential for female fertility†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:279-291. [PMID: 36440965 PMCID: PMC9930400 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian folliculogenesis is a complex process that involves the regulation of chromatin structure for gene expression and oocyte meiotic resumption. The SWI/SNF complex is a chromatin remodeler using either Brahma-regulated gene 1 (BRG1) or BRM (encoded by Smarca4 and Smarca2, respectively) as its catalytic subunit. SMARCA4 loss of expression is associated with a rare type of ovarian cancer; however, its function during folliculogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we describe the phenotype of BRG1 mutant mice to better understand its role in female fertility. Although no tumor emerged from BRG1 mutant mice, conditional depletion of Brg1 in the granulosa cells (GCs) of Brg1fl/fl;Amhr2-Cre mice caused sterility, whereas conditional depletion of Brg1 in the oocytes of Brg1fl/fl;Gdf9-Cre mice resulted in subfertility. Recovery of cumulus-oocyte complexes after natural mating or superovulation showed no significant difference in the Brg1fl/fl;Amhr2-Cre mutant mice and significantly fewer oocytes in the Brg1fl/fl;Gdf9-Cre mutant mice compared with controls, which may account for the subfertility. Interestingly, the evaluation of oocyte developmental competence by in vitro culture of retrieved two-cell embryos indicated that oocytes originating from the Brg1fl/fl;Amhr2-Cre mice did not reach the blastocyst stage and had higher rates of mitotic defects, including micronuclei. Together, these results indicate that BRG1 plays an important role in female fertility by regulating granulosa and oocyte functions during follicle growth and is needed for the acquisition of oocyte developmental competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atefeh Abedini
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David A Landry
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Angus D Macaulay
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Het Vaishnav
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ashna Parbhakar
- Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Dalia Ibrahim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Reza Salehi
- Chronic Diseases Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Vincent Maranda
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Macdonald
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Barbara C Vanderhyden
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Cancer Therapeutics Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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22
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De la Cruz G, Nikolaishvili Feinberg N, Williams SE. Automated Immunofluorescence Staining for Analysis of Mitotic Stages and Division Orientation in Brain Sections. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2583:63-79. [PMID: 36418726 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2752-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Microcephaly often results from mitotic defects in neuronal progenitors, frequently by decreasing proliferation rates or shifting cell fates. During neurogenesis, oriented cell division-the molecular control of mitotic spindle positioning to control the axis of division-represents an important mechanism to balance expansion of the progenitor pool with generating cellular diversity. While mostly studied in the context of cortical development, more recently, spindle orientation has emerged as a key player in the formation of other brain regions such as the cerebellum. Here we describe methods to perform automated dual-color fluorescent immunohistochemistry on murine cerebellar sections using the mitotic markers phospho-Histone H3 and Survivin, and detail analytical and statistical approaches to display and compare division orientation datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela De la Cruz
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Pathology Services Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nana Nikolaishvili Feinberg
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Pathology Services Core, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Williams
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Biology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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23
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Leng J, Zhao Y, Sheng P, Xia Y, Chen T, Zhao S, Xie S, Yan X, Wang X, Yin Y, Kong L. Discovery of Novel N-Heterocyclic-Fused Deoxypodophyllotoxin Analogues as Tubulin Polymerization Inhibitors Targeting the Colchicine-Binding Site for Cancer Treatment. J Med Chem 2022; 65:16774-16800. [PMID: 36471625 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Natural products are a major source of anticancer agents and play critical roles in anticancer drug development. Inspired by the complexity-to-diversity strategy, novel deoxypodophyllotoxin (DPT) analogues were designed and synthesized. Among them, compound C3 exhibited the potent antiproliferative activity against four human cancer cell lines with IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. Additionally, it showed marked activity against paclitaxel-resistant MCF-7 cells and A549 cells. Moreover, compound C3 can inhibit tubulin polymerization by targeting the colchicine-binding site of tubulin. Further study revealed that compound C3 could arrest cancer cells in the G2/M phase and disrupt the angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Meanwhile, C3 remarkably inhibited cancer cell motility and migration, as well as considerably inhibited tumor growth in MCF-7 and MCF-7/TxR xenograft model without obvious toxicity. Collectively, these results indicated that compound C3 may be a promising tubulin polymerization inhibitor development for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiafu Leng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Sheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzheng Xia
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shifang Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xie
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangyu Yan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingyi Kong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Bioactive Natural Product Research and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
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24
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Hashemi L, Ormsbee ME, Patel PJ, Nielson JA, Ahlander J, Padash Barmchi M. A Drosophila model of HPV16-induced cancer reveals conserved disease mechanism. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278058. [PMID: 36508448 PMCID: PMC9744332 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) cause almost all cervical cancers and a significant number of vaginal, vulvar, penile, anal, and oropharyngeal cancers. HPV16 and 18 are the most prevalent types among HR-HPVs and together cause more than 70% of all cervical cancers. Low vaccination rate and lack of molecularly-targeted therapeutics for primary therapy have led to a slow reduction in cervical cancer incidence and high mortality rate. Hence, creating new models of HPV-induced cancer that can facilitate understanding of the disease mechanism and identification of key cellular targets of HPV oncogenes are important for development of new interventions. Here in this study, we used the tissue-specific expression technique, Gal4-UAS, to establish the first Drosophila model of HPV16-induced cancer. Using this technique, we expressed HPV16 oncogenes E5, E6, E7 and the human E3 ligase (hUBE3A) specifically in the epithelia of Drosophila eye, which allows simple phenotype scoring without affecting the viability of the organism. We found that, as in human cells, hUBE3A is essential for cellular abnormalities caused by HPV16 oncogenes in flies. Several proteins targeted for degradation by HPV16 oncoproteins in human cells were also reduced in the Drosophila epithelial cells. Cell polarity and adhesion were compromised, resulting in impaired epithelial integrity. Cells did not differentiate to the specific cell types of ommatidia, but instead were transformed into neuron-like cells. These cells extended axon-like structures to connect to each other and exhibited malignant behavior, migrating away to distant sites. Our findings suggest that given the high conservation of genes and signaling pathways between humans and flies, the Drosophila model of HPV16- induced cancer could serve as an excellent model for understanding the disease mechanism and discovery of novel molecularly-targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Hashemi
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - McKenzi E. Ormsbee
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Prashant J. Patel
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
| | - Jacquelyn A. Nielson
- Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Ahlander
- Department of Natural Sciences, Northeastern State University, Broken Arrow, OK, United States of America
| | - Mojgan Padash Barmchi
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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25
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Sonam S, Bangru S, Perry KJ, Chembazhi UV, Kalsotra A, Henry JJ. Cellular and molecular profiles of larval and adult Xenopus corneal epithelia resolved at the single-cell level. Dev Biol 2022; 491:13-30. [PMID: 36049533 PMCID: PMC10241109 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Corneal Epithelial Stem Cells (CESCs) and their proliferative progeny, the Transit Amplifying Cells (TACs), are responsible for homeostasis and maintaining corneal transparency. Owing to our limited knowledge of cell fates and gene activity within the cornea, the search for unique markers to identify and isolate these cells remains crucial for ocular surface reconstruction. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of corneal cells from larval and adult stages of Xenopus. Our results indicate that as the cornea develops and matures, there is an increase in cellular diversity, which is accompanied by a substantial shift in transcriptional profile, gene regulatory network and cell-cell communication dynamics. Our data also reveals several novel genes expressed in corneal cells and changes in gene expression during corneal differentiation at both developmental time-points. Importantly, we identify specific basal cell clusters in both the larval and adult cornea that comprise a relatively undifferentiated cell type and express distinct stem cell markers, which we propose are the putative larval and adult CESCs, respectively. This study offers a detailed atlas of single-cell transcriptomes in the frog cornea. In the future, this work will be useful to elucidate the function of novel genes in corneal epithelial homeostasis, wound healing and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Surabhi Sonam
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Sushant Bangru
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Kimberly J Perry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Ullas V Chembazhi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Auinash Kalsotra
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA; Cancer Center@Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
| | - Jonathan J Henry
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA.
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26
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Ruoff F, Kersten N, Anderle N, Jerbi S, Stahl A, Koch A, Staebler A, Hartkopf A, Brucker SY, Hahn M, Schenke-Layland K, Schmees C, Templin MF. Protein Profiling of Breast Carcinomas Reveals Expression of Immune-Suppressive Factors and Signatures Relevant for Patient Outcome. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14184542. [PMID: 36139700 PMCID: PMC9496820 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14184542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer, the complex interplay between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment results in the modulation of signaling processes. By assessing the expression of a multitude of proteins and protein variants in cancer tissue, wide-ranging information on signaling pathway activation and the status of the immunological landscape is obtainable and may provide viable information on the treatment response. Archived breast cancer tissues from a cohort of 84 patients (no adjuvant therapy) were analyzed by high-throughput Western blotting, and the expression of 150 proteins covering central cancer pathways and immune cell markers was examined. By assessing CD8α, CD11c, CD16 and CD68 expression, immune cell infiltration was determined and revealed a strong correlation between event-free patient survival and the infiltration of immune cells. The presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was linked to the pronounced activation of the Jak/Stat signaling pathway and apoptotic processes. The elevated phosphorylation of PPARγ (pS112) in non-immune-infiltrated tumors suggests a novel immune evasion mechanism in breast cancer characterized by increased PPARγ phosphorylation. Multiplexed immune cell marker assessment and the protein profiling of tumor tissue provide functional signaling data facilitating breast cancer patient stratification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Kersten
- FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Intelligent Systems and Production Engineering (ISPE), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Interfaculty Institute for Biomedical Informatics (IBMI), University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Anderle
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Sandra Jerbi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aaron Stahl
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - André Koch
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Annette Staebler
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Andreas Hartkopf
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Markus Hahn
- Department of Women’s Health, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmees
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Markus F. Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-7121-51530-828
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27
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Wei W, Tang X, Jiang N, Ni C, He H, Sun S, Yu M, Yu C, Qiu M, Yan D, Zhou Z, Song Y, Liu H, Zhao B, Lin X. Chromatin Remodeler Znhit1 Controls Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling in Embryonic Lung Tissue Branching. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102490. [PMID: 36115458 PMCID: PMC9547297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Branching morphogenesis is a key process essential for lung and other organ development in which cellular and tissue architecture branch out to maximize surface area. While this process is known to be regulated by differential gene expression of ligands and receptors, how chromatin remodeling regulates this process remains unclear. Znhit1, acting as a chromatin remodeler, has previously been shown to control the deposition of the histone variant H2A.Z. Here, we demonstrate that Znhit1 also plays an important role in regulating lung branching. Using Znhit1 conditional knockout mice, we show that Znhit1 deficiency in the embryonic lung epithelium leads to failure of branching morphogenesis and neonatal lethality, which is accompanied by reduced cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis of the epithelium. The results from the transcriptome and the ChIP assay reveal that this is partially regulated by the derepression of Bmp4, encoding bone morphogenetic protein 4, which is a direct target of H2A.Z. Furthermore, we show that inhibition of BMP signaling by the protein inhibitor Noggin rescues the lung branching defects of Znhit1 mutants ex vivo. Taken together, our study identifies the critical role of Znhit1/H2A.Z in embryonic lung morphogenesis via the regulation of BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaofang Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua He
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shenfei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengdi Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanlin Song
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, China
| | - Hanmin Liu
- The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xinhua Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Greater Bay Area Institute of Precision Medicine (Guangzhou), Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Joint Laboratory for Lung Development and Related Diseases of West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University and School of Life Sciences of Fudan University, Chengdu, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Lung Inflammation and Injury, Shanghai, China.
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28
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Zhou T, Cheng X, He Y, Xie Y, Xu F, Xu Y, Huang W. Function and mechanism of histone β-hydroxybutyrylation in health and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:981285. [PMID: 36172354 PMCID: PMC9511043 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.981285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications (HPTMs) are essential epigenetic mechanisms that affect chromatin-associated nuclear processes without altering the DNA sequence. With the application of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, novel histone lysine acylation, such as propionylation, butyrylation, crotonylation, malonylation, succinylation, glutarylation, and lactoylation have been successively discovered. The emerging diversity of the lysine acylation landscape prompted us to investigate the function and mechanism of these novel HPTMs in health and disease. Recently, it has been reported that β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), the main component of the ketone body, has various protective roles beyond alternative fuel provision during starvation. Histone lysine β-hydroxybutyrylation (Kbhb) is a novel HPTMs identified by mass spectrometry, which regulates gene transcription in response to carbohydrate restriction or elevated BHB levels in vivo and vitro. Recent studies have shown that histone Kbhb is strongly associated with the pathogenesis of metabolic cardiovascular diseases, kidney diseases, tumors, neuropsychiatric disorders, and metabolic diseases suggesting it has different functions from histone acetylation and methylation. This review focuses on the writers, erasers, sites, and underlying functions of histone Kbhb, providing a glimpse into their complex regulation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Xi Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Yanqiu He
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Yumei Xie
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
| | - Fangyuan Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Yong Xu,
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Metabolism, Metabolic Vascular Diseases Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Nephropathy, Luzhou, China
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Luzhou, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wei Huang, ; Yong Xu,
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Juricic P, Lu YX, Leech T, Drews LF, Paulitz J, Lu J, Nespital T, Azami S, Regan JC, Funk E, Fröhlich J, Grönke S, Partridge L. Long-lasting geroprotection from brief rapamycin treatment in early adulthood by persistently increased intestinal autophagy. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:824-836. [PMID: 37118497 PMCID: PMC10154223 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00278-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The licensed drug rapamycin has potential to be repurposed for geroprotection. A key challenge is to avoid adverse side effects from continuous dosing. Here we show that geroprotective effects of chronic rapamycin treatment can be obtained with a brief pulse of the drug in early adulthood in female Drosophila and mice. In Drosophila, a brief, early rapamycin treatment of adults extended lifespan and attenuated age-related decline in the intestine to the same degree as lifelong dosing. Lasting memory of earlier treatment was mediated by elevated autophagy in intestinal enterocytes, accompanied by increased levels of intestinal LManV and lysozyme. Brief elevation of autophagy in early adulthood itself induced a long-term increase in autophagy. In mice, a 3-month, early treatment also induced a memory effect, with maintenance similar to chronic treatment, of lysozyme distribution, Man2B1 level in intestinal crypts, Paneth cell architecture and gut barrier function, even 6 months after rapamycin was withdrawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Juricic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
- Lunaphore Technologies SA, Tolochenaz, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Xuan Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Leech
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lisa F Drews
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Jiongming Lu
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nespital
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sina Azami
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jennifer C Regan
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Immunology and Infection Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Emilie Funk
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jenny Fröhlich
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Linda Partridge
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany.
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK.
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Mini-review: Recent advances in post-translational modification site prediction based on deep learning. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:3522-3532. [PMID: 35860402 PMCID: PMC9284371 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are closely linked to numerous diseases, playing a significant role in regulating protein structures, activities, and functions. Therefore, the identification of PTMs is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of cell biology and diseases therapy. Compared to traditional machine learning methods, the deep learning approaches for PTM prediction provide accurate and rapid screening, guiding the downstream wet experiments to leverage the screened information for focused studies. In this paper, we reviewed the recent works in deep learning to identify phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and other PTM types. In addition, we summarized PTM databases and discussed future directions with critical insights.
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Key Words
- AAindex, Amino acid index
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- AUC, Area under curve
- Ac, Acetylation
- BE, Binary encoding
- BLOSUM, Blocks substitution matrix
- Bi-LSTM, Bidirectional LSTM
- CKSAAP, Composition of k-spaced amino acid Pairs
- CNN, Convolutional neural network
- CNNOH, CNN with the one-hot encoding
- CNNWE, CNN with the word-embedding encoding
- CNNrgb, CNN red green blue
- CV, Cross-validation
- DC-CNN, Densely connected convolutional neural network
- DL, Deep learning
- DNNs, Deep neural networks
- Deep learning
- E. coli, Escherichia coli
- EBGW, Encoding based on grouped weight
- EGAAC, Enhanced grouped amino acids content
- IG, Information gain
- K, Lysine
- KNN, k nearest neighbor
- LASSO, Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator
- LSTM, Long short-term memory
- LSTMWE, LSTM with the word-embedding encoding
- M.musculus, Mus musculus
- MDC, Modular densely connected convolutional networks
- MDCAN, Multilane dense convolutional attention network
- ML, Machine learning
- MLP, Multilayer perceptron
- MMI, Multivariate mutual information
- Machine learning
- Mass spectrometry
- NMBroto, Normalized Moreau-Broto autocorrelation
- P, Proline
- PSP, PhosphoSitePlus
- PSSM, Position-specific scoring matrix
- PTM, Post-translational modifications
- Ph, Phosphorylation
- Post-translational modification
- Prediction
- PseAAC, Pseudo-amino acid composition
- R, Arginine
- RF, Random forest
- RNN, Recurrent neural network
- ROC, Receiver operating characteristic
- S, Serine
- S. typhimurium, Salmonella typhimurium
- S.cerevisiae, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- SE, Squeeze and excitation
- SEV, Split to Equal Validation
- ST, Source and target
- SUMO, Small ubiquitin-like modifier
- SVM, Support vector machines
- T, Threonine
- Ub, Ubiquitination
- Y, Tyrosine
- ZSL, Zero-shot learning
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MYCN induces cell-specific tumorigenic growth in RB1-proficient human retinal organoid and chicken retina models of retinoblastoma. Oncogenesis 2022; 11:34. [PMID: 35729105 PMCID: PMC9213451 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-022-00409-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma is a rare, intraocular paediatric cancer that originates in the neural retina and is most frequently caused by bi-allelic loss of RB1 gene function. Other oncogenic mutations, such as amplification and increased expression of the MYCN gene, have been found even with proficient RB1 function. In this study, we investigated whether MYCN over-expression can drive carcinogenesis independently of RB1 loss-of-function mutations. The aim was to elucidate the events that result in carcinogenesis and identify the cancer cell-of-origin. We used the chicken retina, a well-established model for studying retinal neurogenesis, and established human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal organoids as model systems. We over-expressed MYCN by electroporation of piggyBac genome-integrating expression vectors. We found that over-expression of MYCN induced tumorigenic growth with high frequency in RB1-proficient chicken retinas and human organoids. In both systems, the tumorigenic cells expressed markers for undifferentiated cone photoreceptor/horizontal cell progenitors. The over-expression resulted in metastatic retinoblastoma within 7–9 weeks in chicken. Cells expressing MYCN could be grown in vitro and, when orthotopically injected, formed tumours that infiltrated the sclera and optic nerve and expressed markers for cone progenitors. Investigation of the tumour cell phenotype determined that the potential for neoplastic growth was embryonic stage-dependent and featured a cell-specific resistance to apoptosis in the cone/horizontal cell lineage, but not in ganglion or amacrine cells. We conclude that MYCN over-expression is sufficient to drive tumorigenesis and that a cell-specific resistance to apoptosis in the cone/horizontal cell lineage mediates the cancer phenotype. ![]()
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Mitra R, Adams CM, Eischen CM. Systematic lncRNA mapping to genome-wide co-essential modules uncovers cancer dependency on uncharacterized lncRNAs. eLife 2022; 11:e77357. [PMID: 35695878 PMCID: PMC9191893 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Quantification of gene dependency across hundreds of cell lines using genome-scale CRISPR screens has revealed co-essential pathways/modules and critical functions of uncharacterized genes. In contrast to protein-coding genes, robust CRISPR-based loss-of-function screens are lacking for long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which are key regulators of many cellular processes, leaving many essential lncRNAs unidentified and uninvestigated. Integrating copy number, epigenetic, and transcriptomic data of >800 cancer cell lines with CRISPR-derived co-essential pathways, our method recapitulates known essential lncRNAs and predicts proliferation/growth dependency of 289 poorly characterized lncRNAs. Analyzing lncRNA dependencies across 10 cancer types and their expression alteration by diverse growth inhibitors across cell types, we prioritize 30 high-confidence pan-cancer proliferation/growth-regulating lncRNAs. Further evaluating two previously uncharacterized top proliferation-suppressive lncRNAs (PSLR-1, PSLR-2) showed they are transcriptionally regulated by p53, induced by multiple cancer treatments, and significantly correlate to increased cancer patient survival. These lncRNAs modulate G2 cell cycle-regulating genes within the FOXM1 transcriptional network, inducing a G2 arrest and inhibiting proliferation and colony formation. Collectively, our results serve as a powerful resource for exploring lncRNA-mediated regulation of cellular fitness in cancer, circumventing current limitations in lncRNA research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkrishna Mitra
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Clare M Adams
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
| | - Christine M Eischen
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphiaUnited States
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Holl M, Rasch ML, Becker L, Keller AL, Schultze-Rhonhof L, Ruoff F, Templin M, Keller S, Neis F, Keßler F, Andress J, Bachmann C, Krämer B, Schenke-Layland K, Brucker SY, Marzi J, Weiss M. Cell Type-Specific Anti-Adhesion Properties of Peritoneal Cell Treatment with Plasma-Activated Media (PAM). Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040927. [PMID: 35453677 PMCID: PMC9032174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Postoperative abdominal adhesions are responsible for serious clinical disorders. Administration of plasma-activated media (PAM) to cell type-specific modulated proliferation and protein biosynthesis is a promising therapeutic strategy to prevent pathological cell responses in the context of wound healing disorders. We analyzed PAM as a therapeutic option based on cell type-specific anti-adhesive responses. Primary human peritoneal fibroblasts and mesothelial cells were isolated, characterized and exposed to different PAM dosages. Cell type-specific PAM effects on different cell components were identified by contact- and marker-independent Raman imaging, followed by thorough validation by specific molecular biological methods. The investigation revealed cell type-specific molecular responses after PAM treatment, including significant cell growth retardation in peritoneal fibroblasts due to transient DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. We identified a therapeutic dose window wherein specifically pro-adhesive peritoneal fibroblasts were targeted, whereas peritoneal mesothelial cells retained their anti-adhesive potential of epithelial wound closure. Finally, we demonstrate that PAM treatment of peritoneal fibroblasts reduced the expression and secretion of pro-adhesive cytokines and extracellular matrix proteins. Altogether, we provide insights into biochemical PAM mechanisms which lead to cell type-specific pro-therapeutic cell responses. This may open the door for the prevention of pro-adhesive clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Holl
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Marie-Lena Rasch
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Lucas Becker
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Keller
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Laura Schultze-Rhonhof
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Felix Ruoff
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Markus Templin
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Silke Keller
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
| | - Felix Neis
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Franziska Keßler
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Jürgen Andress
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Cornelia Bachmann
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Bernhard Krämer
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara Y. Brucker
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
| | - Julia Marzi
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany;
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) “Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies”, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Weiss
- Department of Women’s Health Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; (M.H.); (M.-L.R.); (L.S.-R.); (F.N.); (F.K.); (J.A.); (C.B.); (B.K.); (S.Y.B.)
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute, University Tübingen, 72770 Reutlingen, Germany; (A.-L.K.); (F.R.); (M.T.); (S.K.); (K.S.-L.); (J.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Noninvasive Physical Plasma as Innovative and Tissue-Preserving Therapy for Women Positive for Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14081933. [PMID: 35454839 PMCID: PMC9027888 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14081933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is still associated with the use of invasive therapeutic procedures. Although CIN 1/2 lesions show high remission rates, treatment is necessary in individual cases and noninvasive and oncologically safe therapeutic options should be available for these patients. Here, we characterized the antineoplastic properties of noninvasive physical plasma (NIPP) at the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo levels and performed a prospective, single-armed phase-IIb trial on 20 patients with CIN1/2 (NCT03218436). NIPP-treated dysplastic cell models exhibited significant cell growth retardation due to DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A tissue level analysis showed a transmucosal tissue devitalization while preserving the tissue morphology. Within 24 weeks of follow-up, treatment success was achieved in 19 (95%) participants with CIN 1/2 without peri- or postinterventional complications. Therefore, NIPP may be a sufficient treatment alternative for CIN, other mucosal dysplasia and beyond. Abstract (1) Background: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) of long-term persistence or associated with individual treatment indications often requires highly invasive treatments. These are associated with risks of bleeding, infertility, and pregnancy complications. For low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), standard treatment procedures are difficult to implement and manage. We characterized the application of the highly energized gas “noninvasive physical plasma” (NIPP) for tissue devitalization and the treatment of CIN. (2) Methods: We report the establishment of a promising tissue devitalization procedure by NIPP application. The procedure was characterized at the in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo levels. We performed the first prospective, single-armed phase-IIb trial in 20 CIN1/2 patients (NCT03218436). (3) Results: NIPP-treated cervical cancer cells used as dysplastic in vitro model exhibited significant cell growth retardation due to DNA damage, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Ex vivo and in vivo tissue assessments showed a highly noninvasive and tissue-preserving treatment procedure which induces transmucosal tissue devitalization. Twenty participants were treated with NIPP and attended a 24-week follow-up. Treatment success was achieved in 19 (95%) participants without postinterventional complications other than mild to moderate discomfort during application. (4) Conclusions: The results from this study preliminarily suggest that NIPP could be used for an effective and tissue-preserving treatment for CIN without the disadvantages of standard treatments. However, randomized controlled trials must confirm the efficacy and noninferiority of NIPP compared to standard treatments.
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Molinaro C, Wambang N, Bousquet T, Vercoutter-Edouart AS, Pélinski L, Cailliau K, Martoriati A. A Novel Copper(II) Indenoisoquinoline Complex Inhibits Topoisomerase I, Induces G2 Phase Arrest, and Autophagy in Three Adenocarcinomas. Front Oncol 2022; 12:837373. [PMID: 35280788 PMCID: PMC8908320 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.837373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Topoisomerases, targets of inhibitors used in chemotherapy, induce DNA breaks accumulation leading to cancer cell death. A newly synthesized copper(II) indenoisoquinoline complex WN197 exhibits a cytotoxic effect below 0.5 µM, on MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and HT-29 cells. At low doses, WN197 inhibits topoisomerase I. At higher doses, it inhibits topoisomerase IIα and IIβ, and displays DNA intercalation properties. DNA damage is detected by the presence of γH2AX. The activation of the DNA Damage Response (DDR) occurs through the phosphorylation of ATM/ATR, Chk1/2 kinases, and the increase of p21, a p53 target. WN197 induces a G2 phase arrest characterized by the unphosphorylated form of histone H3, the accumulation of phosphorylated Cdk1, and an association of Cdc25C with 14.3.3. Cancer cells die by autophagy with Beclin-1 accumulation, LC3-II formation, p62 degradation, and RAPTOR phosphorylation in the mTOR complex. Finally, WN197 by inhibiting topoisomerase I at low concentration with high efficiency is a promising agent for the development of future DNA damaging chemotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Molinaro
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | | | - Till Bousquet
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, France
| | | | - Lydie Pélinski
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Centrale Lille, Univ. Artois, UMR 8181-UCCS-Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide, Lille, France
| | - Katia Cailliau
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
| | - Alain Martoriati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Lille, France
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In Vivo Methods to Monitor Cardiomyocyte Proliferation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9030073. [PMID: 35323621 PMCID: PMC8950582 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9030073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult mammalian cardiomyocytes demonstrate scarce cycling and even lower proliferation rates in response to injury. Signals that enhance cardiomyocyte proliferation after injury will be groundbreaking, address unmet clinical needs, and represent new strategies to treat cardiovascular diseases. In vivo methods to monitor cardiomyocyte proliferation are critical to addressing this challenge. Fortunately, advances in transgenic approaches provide sophisticated techniques to quantify cardiomyocyte cycling and proliferation.
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Song M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Gao H, Yang Z, Yu H, Liu Y. Human CYP enzyme-activated genotoxicity of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether in mammalian cells. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132784. [PMID: 34742755 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated biphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are a group of persistent organic pollutants with endocrine-disrupting, neurotoxic, tumorigenic and DNA-damaging activities. They are hydroxylated by human liver microsomal CYP enzymes, however, their mutagenicity remains unknown. In this study, 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromobiphenyl ether (BDE-47, relatively abundant in human tissues) was investigated for micronuclei induction and DNA damage in mammalian cells. The results indicated that BDE-47 up to 80 μM under a 6 h/18 h (exposure/recovery, covering 2 cell cycles) regime did not induce micronuclei in V79-Mz and V79-derived cell lines expressing human CYP1A1 or 1A2, while it was moderately positive in human CYP2B6-, 2E1-and 3A4-expressing cell lines (V79-hCYP2B6, V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 and V79-hCYP3A4-hOR, respectively). Following 24 h exposure, BDE-47 induced micronuclei in V79-hCYP2E1-hSULT1A1 and V79-hCYP3A4 cells at increased potencies. In the human hepatoma (HepG2) cells BDE-47 (48 h exposure) was inactive up to 40 μM, however, pretreatment of the cells with ethanol (0.2%, v:v, inducer of CYP2E1) or rifampicin (10 μM, inducer of CYP3A4) led to significant micronuclei formation by BDE-47; pretreatment with bisphenol AF (100 nM) also potentiated BDE-47-induced micronuclei formation (which was blocked by a CYP2E1 inhibitor trans-1,2-dichloroethylene or a CYP3A inhibitor (ketoconazole). Immunofluorescent staining of centromere protein B with the micronuclei formed by BDE-47 in HepG2 cells pretreated with ethanol or rifampicin demonstrated selective formation of centromere-containing micronuclei. The increased phosphorylation of both histones H2AX and H3 in HepG2 by BDE-47 also indicated an aneugenic potential. Therefore, this study suggests that BDE-47 is an aneugen activated by several human CYP enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Song
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yujian Wang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhihong Chen
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hongbin Gao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China; Guangdong Laboratory Animals Monitoring Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laboratory Animals, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Zongying Yang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yungang Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, 1023 S. Shatai Road, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Chen ME, Naeini SM, Srikrishnaraj A, Drucker DJ, Fesler Z, Brubaker PL. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Stimulates S-Phase Entry of Intestinal Lgr5+ Stem Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1829-1842. [PMID: 35218981 PMCID: PMC9123588 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein-coupled receptor-5 (Lgr5)+/olfactomedin-4 (Olfm4)+ intestinal stem cells (ISCs) in the crypt base are crucial for homeostatic maintenance of the epithelium. The gut hormone, glucagon-like peptide-21-33 (GLP-2), stimulates intestinal proliferation and growth; however, the actions of GLP-2 on the Lgr5+ ISCs remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how GLP-2 regulates Lgr5+ ISC cell-cycle dynamics and numbers. METHODS Lgr5-Enhanced green-fluorescent protein - internal ribosome entry site - Cre recombinase - estrogen receptor T2 (eGFP-IRES-creERT2) mice were acutely administered human Glycine2 (Gly2)-GLP-2, or the GLP-2-receptor antagonist, GLP-23-33. Intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1-receptor knockout and control mice were treated chronically with human Gly2 (hGly2)-GLP-2. Cell-cycle parameters were determined by 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU), bromodeoxyuridine, antibody #Ki67, and phospho-histone 3 labeling and cell-cycle gene expression. RESULTS Acute hGly2-GLP-2 treatment increased the proportion of eGFP+EdU+/OLFM4+EdU+ cells by 11% to 22% (P < .05), without affecting other cell-cycle markers. hGly2-GLP-2 treatment also increased the ratio of eGFP+ cells in early to late S-phase by 97% (P < .001), and increased the proportion of eGFP+ cells entering S-phase by 218% (P < .001). hGly2-GLP-2 treatment induced jejunal expression of genes involved in cell-cycle regulation (P < .05), and increased expression of Mcm3 in the Lgr5-expressing cells by 122% (P < .05). Conversely, GLP-23-33 reduced the proportion of eGFP+EdU+ cells by 27% (P < .05), as well as the expression of jejunal cell-cycle genes (P < .05). Finally, chronic hGly2-GLP-2 treatment increased the number of OLFM4+ cells/crypt (P < .05), in an intestinal epithelial insulin-like growth factor-1-receptor-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS These findings expand the actions of GLP-2 to encompass acute stimulation of Lgr5+ ISC S-phase entry through the GLP-2R, and chronic induction of Lgr5+ ISC expansion through downstream intestinal insulin-like growth factor-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daniel J. Drucker
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zivit Fesler
- Department of Physiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patricia L. Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada,Correspondence Address correspondence to: Patricia L. Brubaker, PhD, Medical Sciences Building, Room 3366, University of Toronto, 1 King’s College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. fax: 1 (416) 978-4940.
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39
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Kristofova M, Ori A, Wang ZQ. Multifaceted Microcephaly-Related Gene MCPH1. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020275. [PMID: 35053391 PMCID: PMC8774270 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MCPH1, or BRIT1, is often mutated in human primary microcephaly type 1, a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by a smaller brain size at birth, due to its dysfunction in regulating the proliferation and self-renewal of neuroprogenitor cells. In the last 20 years or so, genetic and cellular studies have identified MCPH1 as a multifaceted protein in various cellular functions, including DNA damage signaling and repair, the regulation of chromosome condensation, cell-cycle progression, centrosome activity and the metabolism. Yet, genetic and animal model studies have revealed an unpredicted essential function of MPCH1 in gonad development and tumorigenesis, although the underlying mechanism remains elusive. These studies have begun to shed light on the role of MPCH1 in controlling various pathobiological processes of the disorder. Here, we summarize the biological functions of MCPH1, and lessons learnt from cellular and mouse models of MCPH1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Kristofova
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Alessandro Ori
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging—Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstrasse 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; (M.K.); (A.O.)
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, Friedrich-Schiller University of Jena, Bachstrasse 18k, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-656415; Fax: +49-3641-656335
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40
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Haldar S, Agrawal H, Saha S, Straughn AR, Roy P, Kakar SS. Overview of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptors in reproduction and in stem cells and cancer stem cells. Int J Biol Sci 2022; 18:675-692. [PMID: 35002517 PMCID: PMC8741861 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.63721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and its receptor (FSHR) have been reported to be responsible for several physiological functions and cancers. The responsiveness of stem cells and cancer stem cells towards the FSH-FSHR system make the function of FSH and its receptors more interesting in the context of cancer biology. This review is comprised of comprehensive information on FSH-FSHR signaling in normal physiology, gonadal stem cells, cancer cells, and potential options of utilizing FSH-FSHR system as an anti-cancer therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Haldar
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India.,Current address: Drug Discovery and Development Division, Patanjali Research Institute, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 249405
| | - Himanshu Agrawal
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sarama Saha
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Uttarakhand 249203, India
| | - Alex R Straughn
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Partha Roy
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Sham S Kakar
- Department of Physiology, James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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41
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An Adenovirus early region 4 deletion mutant induces G2/M arrest via ATM activation and reduces expression of the mitotic marker phosphorylated (ser10) histone 3. Virology 2022; 565:1-12. [PMID: 34626906 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus (Ad) type 5 (Ad5) early region 4 (E4) proteins inhibit the DNA damage response (DDR) including activation of the DDR kinase ATM and its substrates, which can induce G2/M cell cycle arrest. Infection with Ad5 or the E4 deletion mutant H5dl1007 (1007) resulted in the accumulation of post G1 cells with > 2 N cellular DNA content. A greater fraction of cells with 4 N DNA content was observed in 1007 infections compared to Ad5; this population was dependent on activation of ATM. G2/M checkpoint kinases, phosphorylated Chk2 (pChk2), and phosphorylated Cdk1 (pCdk1) were upregulated in 1007 infections, and 1007 showed reduced levels of the mitosis marker phosphorylated (Ser10) histone 3 compared to Ad5. Our results show that E4 mutant activation of ATM induces G2/M arrest via activation of checkpoint kinases, thereby contributing to viral-mediated regulation of the cell cycle.
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42
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Li JN, Wang MY, Chen YT, Kuo YL, Chen PS. Expression of SnoRNA U50A Is Associated with Better Prognosis and Prolonged Mitosis in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246304. [PMID: 34944924 PMCID: PMC8699759 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary SnoRNAs are essential for fundamental cellular processes. However, emerging evidence shows that snoRNAs play regulatory roles during cancer progression. The snoRNA U50A (U50A) is a newly-identified putative tumor suppressor, but its clinical and mechanistic impacts in breast cancer remain elusive. In this study, we quantified the copy number of U50A in breast cancer patient tissues and found that a higher level of U50A expression is correlated with better overall survival in breast cancer patients. By utilizing transcriptomic analysis, we demonstrated that U50A prolongs mitosis and reduces colony-forming ability through downregulating mitosis-related genes. Consistent with these in vitro results, breast cancer tissues expressing higher U50A significantly exhibited accumulated mitotic tumor cells and were associated with reduced tumor size. Altogether, this is the first study showing the clinical, cellular, and regulatory impacts of snoRNA U50A in human breast cancer. Abstract Small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs generally recognized as housekeeping genes. Genomic analysis has shown that snoRNA U50A (U50A) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene deleted in less than 10% of breast cancer patients. To date, the pathological roles of U50A in cancer, including its clinical significance and its regulatory impact at the molecular level, are not well-defined. Here, we quantified the copy number of U50A in human breast cancer tissues. Our results showed that the U50A expression level is correlated with better prognosis in breast cancer patients. Utilizing RNA-sequencing for transcriptomic analysis, we revealed that U50A downregulates mitosis-related genes leading to arrested cancer cell mitosis and suppressed colony-forming ability. Moreover, in support of the impacts of U50A in prolonging mitosis and inhibiting clonogenic activity, breast cancer tissues with higher U50A expression exhibit accumulated mitotic tumor cells. In conclusion, based on the evidence from U50A-downregulated mitosis-related genes, prolonged mitosis, repressed colony-forming ability, and clinical analyses, we demonstrated molecular insights into the pathological impact of snoRNA U50A in human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie-Ning Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yang Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan;
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Lung Kuo
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Breast Medical Center, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan 701, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.K.); or (P.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5224) (Y.-L.K.); +886-6-2353535 (ext. 6233) (P.-S.C.); Fax: +886-6-2368549 (Y.-L.K.); +886-6-2363956 (P.-S.C.)
| | - Pai-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (Y.-L.K.); or (P.-S.C.); Tel.: +886-6-2353535 (ext. 5224) (Y.-L.K.); +886-6-2353535 (ext. 6233) (P.-S.C.); Fax: +886-6-2368549 (Y.-L.K.); +886-6-2363956 (P.-S.C.)
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43
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Khera E, Dong S, Huang H, de Bever L, Delft FLV, Thurber GM. Cellular-Resolution Imaging of Bystander Payload Tissue Penetration from Antibody-Drug Conjugates. Mol Cancer Ther 2021; 21:310-321. [PMID: 34911819 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-21-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
After several notable clinical failures in early generations, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) have made significant gains with seven new FDA-approvals within the last 3 years. These successes have been driven by a shift towards mechanistically informed ADC design, where the payload, linker, drug-to-antibody ratio, and conjugation are increasingly tailored to a specific target and clinical indication. However, fundamental aspects needed for design, such as payload distribution, remain incompletely understood. Payloads are often classified as 'bystander' or 'non-bystander' depending on their ability to diffuse out of targeted cells into adjacent cells that may be antigen negative or more distant from tumor vessels, helping to overcome heterogeneous distribution. Seven of the eleven FDA-approved ADCs employ these bystander payloads, but the depth of penetration and cytotoxic effects as a function of physicochemical properties and mechanism of action have not been fully characterized. Here, we utilized tumor spheroids and pharmacodynamic marker staining to quantify tissue penetration of the three major classes of agents: microtubule inhibitors, DNA-damaging agents, and topoisomerase inhibitors. PAMPA data and co-culture assays were performed to compare to the 3D tissue culture data. The results demonstrate a spectrum in bystander potential and tissue penetration depending on the physicochemical properties and potency of the payload. Generally, directly targeted cells show a greater response even with bystander payloads, consistent with the benefit of deeper ADC penetration. These results are compared to computational simulations to help scale the data from in vitro and preclinical animal models to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eshita Khera
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Shujun Dong
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | - Haolong Huang
- Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
| | | | | | - Greg M Thurber
- Chemical Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
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44
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Bischof C, Mirtschink P, Yuan T, Wu M, Zhu C, Kaur J, Pham MD, Gonzalez-Gonoggia S, Hammer M, Rogg EM, Sharma R, Bottermann K, Gercken B, Hagag E, Berthonneche C, Sossalla S, Stehr SN, Maxeiner J, Duda MA, Latreille M, Zamboni N, Martelli F, Pedrazzini T, Dimmeler S, Krishnan J. Mitochondrial-cell cycle cross-talk drives endoreplication in heart disease. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:eabi7964. [PMID: 34878823 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abi7964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Bischof
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Peter Mirtschink
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Ting Yuan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology/Nephrology/Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Meiqian Wu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology/Nephrology/Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chaonan Zhu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology/Nephrology/Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology/Nephrology/Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Minh Duc Pham
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Genome Biologics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Marie Hammer
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Rogg
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rahul Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Bottermann
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bettina Gercken
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Eman Hagag
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Clinical Pathobiochemistry, University Hospital Dresden, Fetscherstasse 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Corinne Berthonneche
- Cardiovascular Assessment Facility, University of Lausanne, CHUV, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.,Klinik für Kardiologie und Pneumologie, Georg-August-Universität Goettingen, DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch Str. 40, D-37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian N Stehr
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Joachim Maxeiner
- Genome Biologics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Maria Anna Duda
- Genome Biologics, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mathieu Latreille
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK
| | - Nicola Zamboni
- Institute of Molecular Systems Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich 8093, Switzerland
| | - Fabio Martelli
- Molecular Cardiology Laboratory, IRCCS-Policlinico San Donato, 20097, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Thierry Pedrazzini
- Department of Medicine, University of Lausanne Medical School, CHUV, MP14-220, 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Dimmeler
- Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,DZHK Partner Site RheinMain, Mainz, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
| | - Jaya Krishnan
- MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Regeneration, Centre for Molecular Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Medicine III, Division of Cardiology/Nephrology/Angiology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Cardio-Pulmonary Institute, Giessen, Germany
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45
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Żabka A, Gocek N, Winnicki K, Szczeblewski P, Laskowski T, Polit JT. Changes in Epigenetic Patterns Related to DNA Replication in Vicia faba Root Meristem Cells under Cadmium-Induced Stress Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:3409. [PMID: 34943918 PMCID: PMC8699714 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments on Vicia faba root meristem cells exposed to 150 µM cadmium chloride (CdCl2) were undertaken to analyse epigenetic changes, mainly with respect to DNA replication stress. Histone modifications examined by means of immunofluorescence labeling included: (1) acetylation of histone H3 on lysine 56 (H3K56Ac), involved in transcription, S phase, and response to DNA damage during DNA biosynthesis; (2) dimethylation of histone H3 on lysine 79 (H3K79Me2), correlated with the replication initiation; (3) phosphorylation of histone H3 on threonine 45 (H3T45Ph), engaged in DNA synthesis and apoptosis. Moreover, immunostaining using specific antibodies against 5-MetC-modified DNA was used to determine the level of DNA methylation. A significant decrease in the level of H3K79Me2, noted in all phases of the CdCl2-treated interphase cell nuclei, was found to correspond with: (1) an increase in the mean number of intranuclear foci of H3K56Ac histones (observed mainly in S-phase), (2) a plethora of nuclear and nucleolar labeling patterns (combined with a general decrease in H3T45Ph), and (3) a decrease in DNA methylation. All these changes correlate well with a general viewpoint that DNA modifications and post-translational histone modifications play an important role in gene expression and plant development under cadmium-induced stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Żabka
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Natalia Gocek
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Konrad Winnicki
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
| | - Paweł Szczeblewski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Tomasz Laskowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland; (P.S.); (T.L.)
| | - Justyna Teresa Polit
- Department of Cytophysiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (N.G.); (K.W.); (J.T.P.)
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Nishida H, Matsuo M, Konishi S, Ohno N, Manni L, Onuma TA. Germline development during embryogenesis of the larvacean, Oikopleura dioica. Dev Biol 2021; 481:188-200. [PMID: 34755656 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Germ cells develop into eggs and sperms and represent a lineage that survives through multiple generations. Germ cell specification during embryogenesis proceeds through one of two basic modes: either the cell-autonomous mode or the inductive mode. In the cell-autonomous mode, specification of germ cell fate involves asymmetric partitioning of the specialized maternal cytoplasm, known as the germplasm. Oikopleura dioica is a larvacean (class Appendicularia) and a chordate. It is regarded as a promising animal model for studying chordate development because of its short life cycle (5 days) and small genome size (∼60 Mb). We show that their embryos possess germplasm, as observed in ascidians (class Ascidiacea). The vegetal cytoplasm shifted towards the future posterior pole before the first cleavage occurred. A bilateral pair of primordial germ cells (PGC, B11 cells) was formed at the posterior pole at the 32-cell stage through two rounds of unequal cleavage. These B11 cells did not undergo further division before hatching of the tadpole-shaped larvae. The centrosome-attracting body (CAB) is a subcellular structure that contains the germplasm and plays crucial roles in germ cell development in ascidians. The presence of CAB with germplasm was observed in the germline lineage cells of larvaceans via electron microscopy and using extracted embryos. The CAB appeared at the 8-cell stage and persisted until the middle stage of embryogenesis. The antigen for the phosphorylated histone 3 antibody was localized to the CAB and persisted in the PGC until hatching after the CAB disappeared. Maternal snail mRNA, which encodes a transcription factor, was co-localized with the antigen for the H3S28p antibody. Furthermore, we found a novel PGC-specific subcellular structure that we call the germ body (GB). This study thus highlights the conserved and non-conserved features of germline development between ascidians and larvaceans. The rapid development and short life cycle (five days) of O. dioica would open the way to genetically analyze germ cell development in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Nishida
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan.
| | - Masaki Matsuo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Shohei Konishi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Ohno
- Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8787, Japan; Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi, 329-0498, Japan
| | - Lucia Manni
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Takeshi A Onuma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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Esfandiari Nazzaro E, Sabei FY, Vogel WK, Nazari M, Nicholson KS, Gafken PR, Taratula O, Taratula O, Davare MA, Leid M. Discovery and Validation of a Compound to Target Ewing's Sarcoma. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101553. [PMID: 34683845 PMCID: PMC8538197 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing’s sarcoma, characterized by pathognomonic t (11; 22) (q24; q12) and related chromosomal ETS family translocations, is a rare aggressive cancer of bone and soft tissue. Current protocols that include cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents effectively treat localized disease; however, these aggressive therapies may result in treatment-related morbidities including second-site cancers in survivors. Moreover, the five-year survival rate in patients with relapsed, recurrent, or metastatic disease is less than 30%, despite intensive therapy with these cytotoxic agents. By using high-throughput phenotypic screening of small molecule libraries, we identified a previously uncharacterized compound (ML111) that inhibited in vitro proliferation of six established Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines with nanomolar potency. Proteomic studies show that ML111 treatment induced prometaphase arrest followed by rapid caspase-dependent apoptotic cell death in Ewing’s sarcoma cell lines. ML111, delivered via methoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-polycaprolactone copolymer nanoparticles, induced dose-dependent inhibition of Ewing’s sarcoma tumor growth in a murine xenograft model and invoked prometaphase arrest in vivo, consistent with in vitro data. These results suggest that ML111 represents a promising new drug lead for further preclinical studies and is a potential clinical development for the treatment of Ewing’s sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellie Esfandiari Nazzaro
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 88723, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walter K. Vogel
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Mohamad Nazari
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Katelyn S. Nicholson
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
| | - Philip R. Gafken
- Proteomics & Metabolomics Shared Resource, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA;
| | - Olena Taratula
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
| | - Oleh Taratula
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Monika A. Davare
- Division of Pediatric Hematology & Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA;
- Papé Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Correspondence: (O.T.); (M.A.D.)
| | - Mark Leid
- Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (E.E.N.); (F.Y.S.); (W.K.V.); (M.N.); (O.T.); (M.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Di Domenico M, Jokwitz M, Witke W, Pilo Boyl P. Specificity and Redundancy of Profilin 1 and 2 Function in Brain Development and Neuronal Structure. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092310. [PMID: 34571959 PMCID: PMC8467068 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilin functions have been discussed in numerous cellular processes, including actin polymerization. One puzzling aspect is the concomitant expression of more than one profilin isoform in most tissues. In neuronal precursors and in neurons, profilin 1 and profilin 2 are co-expressed, but their specific and redundant functions in brain morphogenesis are still unclear. Using a conditional knockout mouse model to inactivate both profilins in the developing CNS, we found that threshold levels of profilin are necessary for the maintenance of the neuronal stem-cell compartment and the generation of the differentiated neurons, irrespective of the specific isoform. During embryonic development, profilin 1 is more abundant than profilin 2; consequently, modulation of profilin 1 levels resulted in a more severe phenotype than depletion of profilin 2. Interestingly, the relevance of the isoforms was reversed in the postnatal brain. Morphology of mature neurons showed a stronger dependence on profilin 2, since this is the predominant isoform in neurons. Our data highlight redundant functions of profilins in neuronal precursor expansion and differentiation, as well as in the maintenance of pyramidal neuron dendritic arborization. The specific profilin isoform is less relevant; however, a threshold profilin level is essential. We propose that the common activity of profilin 1 and profilin 2 in actin dynamics is responsible for the observed compensatory effects.
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Deryckere A, Styfhals R, Elagoz AM, Maes GE, Seuntjens E. Identification of neural progenitor cells and their progeny reveals long distance migration in the developing octopus brain. eLife 2021; 10:e69161. [PMID: 34425939 PMCID: PMC8384421 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalopods have evolved nervous systems that parallel the complexity of mammalian brains in terms of neuronal numbers and richness in behavioral output. How the cephalopod brain develops has only been described at the morphological level, and it remains unclear where the progenitor cells are located and what molecular factors drive neurogenesis. Using histological techniques, we located dividing cells, neural progenitors and postmitotic neurons in Octopus vulgaris embryos. Our results indicate that an important pool of progenitors, expressing the conserved bHLH transcription factors achaete-scute or neurogenin, is located outside the central brain cords in the lateral lips adjacent to the eyes, suggesting that newly formed neurons migrate into the cords. Lineage-tracing experiments then showed that progenitors, depending on their location in the lateral lips, generate neurons for the different lobes, similar to the squid Doryteuthis pealeii. The finding that octopus newborn neurons migrate over long distances is reminiscent of vertebrate neurogenesis and suggests it might be a fundamental strategy for large brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deryckere
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Ruth Styfhals
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNaplesItaly
| | - Ali Murat Elagoz
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Gregory E Maes
- Center for Human Genetics, Genomics Core, UZ-KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
- Laboratory of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Genomics, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
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Targeting Wee1 kinase as a therapeutic approach in Hematological Malignancies. DNA Repair (Amst) 2021; 107:103203. [PMID: 34390915 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2021.103203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies include various diseases that develop from hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow or lymphatic organs. Currently, conventional DNA-damage-based chemotherapy drugs are approved as standard therapeutic regimens for these malignancies. Although many improvements have been made, patients with relapsed or refractory hematological malignancies have a poor prognosis. Therefore, novel and practical therapeutic approaches are required for the treatment of these diseases. Interestingly several studies have shown that targeting Wee1 kinase in the Hematological malignancies, including AML, ALL, CML, CLL, DLBCL, BL, MCL, etc., can be an effective therapeutic strategy. It plays an essential role in regulating the cell cycle process by abrogating the G2-M cell-cycle checkpoint, which provides time for DNA damage repair before mitotic entry. Consistently, Wee1 overexpression is observed in various Hematological malignancies. Also, in healthy normal cells, repairing DNA damages occurs due to G1-S checkpoint function; however, in the cancer cells, which have an impaired G1-S checkpoint, the damaged DNA repair process depends on the G2-M checkpoint function. Thus, Wee1 inhibition could be a promising target in the presence of DNA damage in order to potentiate multiple therapeutic drugs. This review summarized the potentials and challenges of Wee1 inhibition combined with other therapies as a novel effective therapeutic strategy in Hematological malignancies.
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