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Liu L, Chen F, Jiang S, Zhong B, Li W, Xu K, Wang Q, Wang Y, Cao J. Analysis of gene expression profile of peripheral blood in alveolar and cystic echinococcosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:913393. [PMID: 36034715 PMCID: PMC9405190 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.913393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is a versatile, high-throughput technology that is being widely employed for screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in various diseases. Echinococcosis, a globally distributed zoonosis, has been reported to impose a heavy disease burden in pastoral areas of China. Herein we aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying echinococcosis. In this study, peripheral blood samples were collected from six patients with alveolar echinococcosis (AE), six patients with cystic echinococcosis (CE), and six healthy controls. RNA-Seq (mRNA) was performed to detect gene transcript and expression levels, and DEGs were subjected to bioinformatic analyses. In comparison with healthy controls, 492 DEGs (270 upregulated, 222 downregulated) were found in the AE group and 424 DEGs (170 upregulated, 254 downregulated) were found in the CE group (|log2 (fold change)| > 1 and P < 0.05). Further, 60 genes were upregulated and 39 were downregulated in both the AE and CE groups. Gene ontology enrichment analysis indicated that DEGs were mainly involved in molecular functions, including extracellular space, extracellular region, organ and system development, and anatomical structure development. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks were constructed to depict the complex relationship between DEGs and interacting proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Hospital Infection Management, Sichuan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital, Chengdu, China
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Microbiological Laboratory, Xindu County Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Department of Environmental and School Health, Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Zhong
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Garzê Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding, China
| | - Kejun Xu
- Department of Parasitic Diseases, Garzê Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Kangding, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Sichuan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Jianping Cao,
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of People’s Republic of China; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, China; World Health Organization Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
- The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Wang, ; Jianping Cao,
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Rekad Z, Izzi V, Lamba R, Ciais D, Van Obberghen-Schilling E. The Alternative Matrisome: alternative splicing of ECM proteins in development, homeostasis and tumor progression. Matrix Biol 2022; 111:26-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Yang F, Shi J, Zhang L, Wang H, Li Y. Role of fibulin-1 gene promoter methylation in the carcinogenesis and development of tongue squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022; 133:432-440. [PMID: 35153187 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2021.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, fibulin-1 (FBLN1) has been shown to be downregulated in various cancers via promoter hypermethylation. Our study aimed to determine the expression and methylation status of FBLN1 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and cells. METHODS Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was implemented to detect the methylation status of the FBLN1 gene in TSCC tissues and Western blot analysis was used to detect the expression of FBLN1 protein. The human TSCC cell lines CAL27 and SCC9 were cultured in vitro and treated with 5-aza-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC). CCK-8, colony formation, and Transwell assays were performed to test TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion following 5-Aza-dC treatment or overexpression of FBLN1, which was further verified in in vivo experiments. RESULTS FBLN1 was hypermethylated and the protein expression was reduced in TSCC tissues. After human TSCC cell lines (CAL27 and SCC9) were treated with 5-Aza-dC or overexpressed FBLN1, FBLN1 expression was upregulated and the TSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities were suppressed. In vivo experiments further showed that demethylation or overexpression of FBLN1 slowed tumor growth in nude mice. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that 5-Aza-dC treatment or overexpression of FBLN1 inhibited the growth of human TSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Yang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Jing Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Liangyu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China.
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Stomatology, Daqing Oilfield General Hospital, Daqing, China
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Wei S, Liu W, Xu M, Qin H, Liu C, Zhang R, Zhou S, Li E, Liu Z, Wang Q. Cathepsin F and Fibulin-1 as novel diagnostic biomarkers for brain metastasis of non-small cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:1795-1805. [PMID: 35217799 PMCID: PMC9174239 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01744-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The lack of non-invasive methods for detection of early micro-metastasis is a major cause of the poor prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) brain metastasis (BM) patients. Herein, we aimed to identify circulating biomarkers based on proteomics for the early diagnosis and monitoring of patients with NSCLC BM. Methods Upregulated proteins were detected by secretory proteomics in the animal-derived high brain metastatic lung cancer cell line. A well-designed study composed of three independent cohorts was then performed to verify these blood-based protein biomarkers: the serum discovery and verification cohorts (n = 80; n = 459), and the tissue verification cohort (n = 76). Logistic regression was used to develop a diagnostic biomarker panel. Model validation cohort (n = 160) was used to verify the stability of the constructed predictive model. Changes in serum Cathepsin F (CTSF) levels of patients were tracked to monitor the treatment response. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed to assess their prognostic relevance. Results CTSF and Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) levels were specifically upregulated in sera and tissues of patients with NSCLC BM compared with NSCLC without BM and primary brain tumour. The combined diagnostic performance of CTSF and FBLN1 was superior to their individual ones. CTSF serum changes were found to reflect the therapeutic response of patients with NSCLC BM and the trends of progression were detected earlier than the magnetic resonance imaging changes. Elevated expression of CTSF in NSCLC BM tissues was associated with poor PFS, and was found to be an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions We report a novel blood-based biomarker panel for early diagnosis, monitoring of therapeutic response, and prognostic evaluation of patients with NSCLC BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Wei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Department of Oncology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Liu
- Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mingxin Xu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huamin Qin
- Department of Pathology, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Sihai Zhou
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Encheng Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China. .,Cancer Translational Medicine Research Center, The Second Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Li H, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhao X, Qi X. Hormone therapy for ovarian cancer: Emphasis on mechanisms and applications (Review). Oncol Rep 2021; 46:223. [PMID: 34435651 PMCID: PMC8424487 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) remains the leading cause of mortality due to gynecological malignancies. Epidemiological studies have demonstrated that steroid hormones released from the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis can play a role in stimulating or inhibiting OC progression, with gonadotropins, estrogens and androgens promoting OC progression, while gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and progesterone may be protective factors in OC. Experimental studies have indicated that hormone receptors are expressed in OC cells and mediate the growth stimulatory or growth inhibitory effects of hormones on these cells. Hormone therapy agents have been evaluated in a number of clinical trials. The majority of these trials were conducted in patients with relapsed or refractory OC with average efficacy and limited side-effects. A better understanding of the mechanisms through which hormones affect cell growth may improve the efficacy of hormone therapy. In the present review article, the role of hormones (GnRH, gonadotropins, androgens, estrogens and progestins) and their receptors in OC tumorigenesis, and hormonal therapy in OC treatment is discussed and summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Qi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children and Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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Ustunyurt E, Dundar B, Simsek D, Temur M. Act of fibulin-1 in preeclamptic patients: can it be a predictive marker? J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2021; 34:3775-3781. [PMID: 34238097 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2021.1949277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal-neonatal morbidity and mortality, especially in developed and developing countries. Incidence of preeclampsia differs in accordance with parity, race, age, geography, and concomitant diseases. The role of placental implantation and risk factors was elucidated precisely. Antenatal care, use of medications, change in lifestyle, and nutritional supplementation were investigated for the prevention or decrease the complications; however, to date, there has not exposed a proper approach for prevention and prediction. The trigger mechanism or circumstance is still debate. Placental development especially spiral artery remodeling might be supposed to be the accused primary site of preeclampsia. Extracellular matrix proteins play a crucial role in implantation. Fibulin is one of these proteins which represents an association with matrix proteins, basement membranes, and elastic fibers. Fibulins are mainly functioning in the remodeling of tissues especially blood vessels, endocardial cushion, the mesenchymal, and connective tissue of several organs including heart, lung, intestine, kidneys, and liver. Several diseases were associated with altered fibulin levels. We aimed to examine fibulin-1 levels in preeclamptic patients and to focus on the possible role of fibulin-1 in preeclampsia. MATERIAL AND METHOD A prospective observational, case-control study was achieved. Patients diagnosed with preeclampsia and healthy controls were recruited in the study. Patients' demographic features, perinatal outcomes, complications, obstetrics doppler ultrasonographic evaluations, laboratory results, and serum fibulin-1 levels were reviewed. The comparison of the groups was determined statistically. Correlation analysis and multivariate logistic analysis were calculated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to indicate fibulin-1 levels for the prediction of preeclampsia. RESULTS A total of 36 healthy pregnant and 38 preeclamptic patients were included in the study. Comparison of the groups with age, gravidity, BMI, APGAR scores, birth weight did not differ significantly. Kidney and liver function tests and complete hemogram parameters did not have a clinically important difference. Fibulin-1 levels were significantly lower in patients with preeclampsia. The ROC curve for fibulin-1 for predicting the preeclampsia risk was analyzed. The area under the ROC curves was 0.682 (95% CI [0.560-0.804, p < .007) for fibulin-1. The optimal cutoff value of fibulin-1 for detecting preeclampsia was ≤ 27.81 ng/ml, at which the sensitivity was 61.1% and specificity was 63.2 %. CONCLUSION Fibulin-1 levels could be a beneficial marker for preeclampsia diagnosis and prediction. It might have a role in the etiopathology of preeclampsia, due to its function in the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emin Ustunyurt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Betul Dundar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Deniz Simsek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Temur
- Bursa Yuksek Ihtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Doruk Private Y?ld?r?m Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
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van der Ploeg EA, Melgert BN, Burgess JK, Gan CT. The potential of biomarkers of fibrosis in chronic lung allograft dysfunction. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2021; 35:100626. [PMID: 33992914 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2021.100626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the major long-term cause of morbidity and mortality after lung transplantation. Both bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive lung allograft syndrome, two main types of CLAD, lead to fibrosis in either the small airways or alveoli and pleura. Pathological pathways in CLAD and other types of fibrosis, for example idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, are assumed to overlap and therefore fibrosis biomarkers could aid in the early detection of CLAD. These biomarkers could help to differentiate between different phenotypes of CLAD and could, in comparison to biomarkers of inflammation, possibly distinguish an infectious event from CLAD when a decline in lung function is present. This review gives an overview of known CLAD specific biomarkers, describes new promising fibrosis biomarkers currently investigated in other types of fibrosis, and discusses the possible use of these fibrosis biomarkers for CLAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eline A van der Ploeg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PO Box 30. 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Barbro N Melgert
- University of Groningen, Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, PO box 196, 9700, AD, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Janette K Burgess
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, PO Box 30.001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - C Tji Gan
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, PO Box 30. 001, 9700, RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Role of Fibulins in Embryonic Stage Development and Their Involvement in Various Diseases. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11050685. [PMID: 34063320 PMCID: PMC8147605 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the evolution of early metazoans, as it provides structural and biochemical support to the surrounding cells through the cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions. In multi-cellular organisms, ECM plays a pivotal role in the differentiation of tissues and in the development of organs. Fibulins are ECM glycoproteins, found in a variety of tissues associated with basement membranes, elastic fibers, proteoglycan aggregates, and fibronectin microfibrils. The expression profile of fibulins reveals their role in various developmental processes such as elastogenesis, development of organs during the embryonic stage, tissue remodeling, maintenance of the structural integrity of basement membrane, and elastic fibers, as well as other cellular processes. Apart from this, fibulins are also involved in the progression of human diseases such as cancer, cardiac diseases, congenital disorders, and chronic fibrotic disorders. Different isoforms of fibulins show a dual role of tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting activities, depending on the cell type and cellular microenvironment in the body. Knockout animal models have provided deep insight into their role in development and diseases. The present review covers details of the structural and expression patterns, along with the role of fibulins in embryonic development and disease progression, with more emphasis on their involvement in the modulation of cancer diseases.
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Prenatal and pubertal exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol disrupts folliculogenesis and promotes morphophysiological changes in ovaries of old gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus). J Dev Orig Health Dis 2021; 13:49-60. [PMID: 33650479 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174421000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
17α-Ethinylestradiol is an endocrine-disrupting chemical that make up most contraceptive pills and can be found in the environment. Exposure to ethinylestradiol in different development periods may promote changes in morphophysiological parameters of reproductive and endocrine organs. Considering that the effects of low doses (15 µg/kg/day) of ethinylestradiol in ovaries from 12-month-old female gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) were investigated. Four experimental groups used were control (without treatment), EE/PRE (treated from the 18th to the 22nd gestational day), EE/PUB (treated from the 42nd to the 49th day of life), and EE/PRE-PUB (treated in the both periods). The animals were euthanized at 12 months. Testosterone and 17β-estradiol levels were measured. The ovaries were stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin, Periodic Acid Schiff, and Gomori's Trichome. The follicles, corpus luteum, interstitial gland, lipofuscin, ovarian epithelium, and tunica albuginea were analyzed. Estradiol was higher in EE/PRE and EE/PUB groups, while testosterone was higher only in EE/PUB group. The main changes in follicle count occurred in EE/PUB and EE/PRE-PUB groups, with higher primordial follicle count and lower maturation of follicles. The corpus luteum was more evident in EE/PRE group. No differences were found in atretic follicles count. A higher area occupied by interstitial gland cells and lipofuscin deposit in these cells was noted in EE/PUB and EE/PRE-PUB groups. Higher epithelium height and thicker tunic albuginea were showed in treated groups. These results suggest that exposure to doses of EE2 in prenatal and pubertal periods of the development leads to morphological changes in senile ovaries.
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Xia H, Feng L, Lin L, Jiang Z, Chen J, Shi W, Ying S, Yu M, Ju L, Zhu L, Shi L, Zhang X, Lou J. Exploration of identifying novel serum biomarkers for malignant mesothelioma using iTRAQ combined with 2D-LC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 193:110467. [PMID: 33197421 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is an aggressive cancer linked to asbestos exposure. Its poor prognosis makes early diagnosis extremely important, which would provide an opportunity for early treatment and potentially changing outcomes. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanisms of MM and discover novel noninvasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. Using Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ) combined with two-dimensional liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (2D LC-MS/MS), a total of 145 differentially expressed serum proteins were identified between MM patients and healthy controls. The identified proteins were further analyzed by bioinformatics, out of which three candidate biomarkers (Filamin A (FLNA), Fibulin 1 (FBLN1) and Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1)) were validated in large cohorts of patients with asbestos-related diseases including MM patients by ELISA assay. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis showed that serum FLNA, FBLN1 and TSP-1 had high diagnostic values in distinguishing MM patients from healthy controls, individuals with asbestos exposure (AE), and patients with pleural plaques (PP) or asbestosis. Meanwhile, serum FBLN1 and TSP-1 possessed good diagnostic values in distinguishing asbestosis patients from healthy controls and individuals with AE. The combination of FLNA, FBLN1, and TSP-1 proteins had higher sensitivity and specificity in discriminating patients with MM, PP and asbestosis. Our findings indicated that analysis of serum proteome using iTRAQ is a feasible strategy for biomarker discovery, and serum FLNA, FBLN1 and TSP-1 may be promising candidates for diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma and screening of at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Xia
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lingfang Feng
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijun Lin
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhaoqiang Jiang
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junqiang Chen
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Shibo Ying
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Min Yu
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Ju
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lijin Zhu
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Li Shi
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xing Zhang
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianlin Lou
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College (Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences), Hangzhou, 310013, Zhejiang, China.
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Low level of plasma fibulin-1 in patients with thyroid lesions: a case-control study and literature review. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8859-8866. [PMID: 33106982 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Investigating novel biomarkers discriminating thyroid nodules is a matter of great importance for differential diagnosis. The current study was planned to investigate the diagnostic value of fibulin-1 in plasma specimens of patients with thyroid nodules. A literature review was also performed to gain an understanding of the existing research relevant to the main role of fibulin-1 in carcinogenesis. In this case-control study, the levels of plasma fibulin-1 were compared in 82 subjects including papillary thyroid cancer (PTC; n = 30), multinodular goiter (MNG; n = 30), and healthy subjects (n = 22) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Fibulin-1 levels of patients with PTC and MNG were documented to be significantly lower than those of healthy subjects (PTC vs. Healthy; P = 0.000, MNG vs. Healthy; P = 0.000). No statistically significant differences were found between PTC and MNG groups when fibulin-1 levels were compared (P > 0.05). Low level of plasma fibulin-1 was associated with an increased risk of PTC tumorigenesis (odds ratio = 0.810; 95% CI: 0.704-0.933; P = 0.003). Further, fibulin-1 had an appropriate diagnostic value for detecting PTC patients with a sensitivity of 73.33%, and specificity of 100% at the cutoff value > 4.9 (ng/ml). According to the results of the present research which are tied well with previous studies, the abnormal downregulation of fibulin-1 may play a role in the PTC and MNG tumorigenesis. In addition, fibulin-1 probably promotes the development and progression of other human cancer; however, further studies are needed to improve current understandings.
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Harikrishnan K, Joshi O, Madangirikar S, Balasubramanian N. Cell Derived Matrix Fibulin-1 Associates With Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor to Inhibit Its Activation, Localization and Function in Lung Cancer Calu-1 Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:522. [PMID: 32719793 PMCID: PMC7348071 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is a known promoter of tumor progression and is overexpressed in lung cancers. Growth factor receptors (including EGFR) are known to interact with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, which regulate their activation and function. Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) is a major component of the ECM in lung tissue, and its levels are known to be downregulated in non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). To test the possible role FBLN1 isoforms could have in regulating EGFR signaling and function in lung cancer, we performed siRNA mediated knockdown of FBLN1C and FBLN1D in NSCLC Calu-1 cells. Their loss significantly increased basal (with serum) and EGF (Epidermal Growth Factor) mediated EGFR activation without affecting net EGFR levels. Overexpression of FBLN1C and FBLN1D also inhibits EGFR activation confirming their regulatory crosstalk. Loss of FBLN1C and FBLN1D promotes EGFR-dependent cell migration, inhibited upon Erlotinib treatment. Mechanistically, both FBLN1 isoforms interact with EGFR, their association not dependent on its activation. Notably, cell-derived matrix (CDM) enriched FBLN1 binds EGFR. Calu-1 cells plated on CDM derived from FBLN1C and FBLN1D knockdown cells show a significant increase in EGF mediated EGFR activation. This promotes cell adhesion and spreading with active EGFR enriched at membrane ruffles. Both adhesion and spreading on CDMs is significantly reduced by Erlotinib treatment. Together, these findings show FBLN1C/1D, as part of the ECM, can bind and regulate EGFR activation and function in NSCLC Calu-1 cells. They further highlight the role tumor ECM composition could have in influencing EGFR dependent lung cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Omkar Joshi
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune, India
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Langdon SP, Herrington CS, Hollis RL, Gourley C. Estrogen Signaling and Its Potential as a Target for Therapy in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061647. [PMID: 32580290 PMCID: PMC7352420 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) has functionality in selected ovarian cancer subtypes and represents a potential target for therapy. The majority (>80%) of high grade serous, low grade serous and endometrioid carcinomas and many granulosa cell tumors express ER-alpha (ERα), and these tumor types have demonstrated responses to endocrine therapy (tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors) in multiple clinical studies. Biomarkers of responses to these drugs are actively being sought to help identify responsive cancers. Evidence for both pro-proliferative and pro-migratory roles for ERα has been obtained in model systems. ER-beta (ERβ) is generally considered to have a tumor suppressor role in ovarian cancer cells, being associated with the repression of cell growth and invasion. The differential expression of the specific ERβ isoforms may determine functionality within ovarian cancer cells. The more recently identified G protein-coupled receptor (GPER1; GPR30) has been shown to mediate both tumor-suppressive and tumor-promoting action in ovarian cancer cells, suggesting a more complex role. This review will summarize recent findings in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon P. Langdon
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)131-651-8694
| | - C. Simon Herrington
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre and Edinburgh Pathology, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK;
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Robert L. Hollis
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
| | - Charlie Gourley
- The Nicola Murray Centre for Ovarian Cancer Research, CRUK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK; (R.L.H.); (C.G.)
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Gong J, Jie Y, Xiao C, Zhou W, Li X, Chen Y, Wu Y, Cao J, Zhang Q, Gao Z, Hu B, Chong Y. Increased Expression of Fibulin-1 Is Associated With Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression by Regulating the Notch Signaling Pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:478. [PMID: 32612994 PMCID: PMC7308487 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-1, a component of the extracellular matrix (ECM), its prognostic, pathophysiologic and diagnostic role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still unexplored. We first found that either Fibulin-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) or protein level was highly elevated in HCC tissues compared with normal tissues. Fibulin-1 correlated with poor overall survival, and it was an independent prognostic predictor (p = 0.001). Furthermore, Overexpression or inhibition of Fibulin-1 reduced or sensitized HCC cells to apoptotic signals, and Fibulin-1 silencing suppressed the ability of HCC cells to form tumors in vivo. Moreover, Fibulin-1 inhibited apoptosis via the Notch pathway while Fibulin-1 silencing had no obvious effect on p-MAPK, p-c-jun and p-stat3 expression, and both Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL are targets of Fibulin-1. Furthermore, the stromal and immune score was elevated in high Fibulin-1 tissues, and FBLN1 expression was associated with increased infiltrating macrophages using xCell, TIMER and TISDIB tool based on TCGA HCC database. Importantly, the circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) level of Fibulin-1 in the serum were significantly increased in patients with HCC compared with those in healthy controls, individuals with chronic hepatitis B and patients with HBV-induced liver cirrhosis. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) was 0.791 for Fibulin-1, 0.640 for α-fetoprotein and 0.868 for the combination of the two tumor markers. Our findings indicate that Fibulin-1 may be a potential prognostic indicator, a promising serum biomarker and a therapeutic target in patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Gong
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yusheng Jie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Xiao
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenying Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinhua Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqiong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuankai Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Cell-gene Therapy Translational Medicine Research Center, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Bo Hu,
| | - Yutian Chong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory of Liver Disease of Guangdong Province, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Yutian Chong,
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Alur VC, Raju V, Vastrad B, Vastrad C. Mining Featured Biomarkers Linked with Epithelial Ovarian CancerBased on Bioinformatics. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9020039. [PMID: 30970615 PMCID: PMC6628368 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9020039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the18th most common cancer worldwide and the 8th most common in women. The aim of this study was to diagnose the potential importance of, as well as novel genes linked with, EOC and to provide valid biological information for further research. The gene expression profiles of E-MTAB-3706 which contained four high-grade ovarian epithelial cancer samples, four normal fallopian tube samples and four normal ovarian epithelium samples were downloaded from the ArrayExpress database. Pathway enrichment and Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were performed, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs (transcription factors) -target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated were analyzed using Cytoscape. In total, 552 DEGs were found, including 276 up-regulated and 276 down-regulated DEGs. Pathway enrichment analysis demonstrated that most DEGs were significantly enriched in chemical carcinogenesis, urea cycle, cell adhesion molecules and creatine biosynthesis. GO enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs were significantly enriched in translation, nucleosome, extracellular matrix organization and extracellular matrix. From protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis, modules, microRNA-target gene regulatory network and TFs-target gene regulatory network for up- and down-regulated, and the top hub genes such as E2F4, SRPK2, A2M, CDH1, MAP1LC3A, UCHL1, HLA-C (major histocompatibility complex, class I, C), VAT1, ECM1 and SNRPN (small nuclear ribonucleoprotein polypeptide N) were associated in pathogenesis of EOC. The high expression levels of the hub genes such as CEBPD (CCAAT enhancer binding protein delta) and MID2 in stages 3 and 4 were validated in the TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. CEBPD andMID2 were associated with the worst overall survival rates in EOC. In conclusion, the current study diagnosed DEGs between normal and EOC samples, which could improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of EOC. These new key biomarkers might be used as therapeutic targets for EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Chandra Alur
- Department of Endocrinology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Varshita Raju
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, J.J. M Medical College, Davanagere, Karnataka 577004, India.
| | - Basavaraj Vastrad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SET`S College of Pharmacy, Dharwad, Karnataka 580002, India.
| | - Chanabasayya Vastrad
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics,Chanabasava Nilaya, Bharthinagar,Dharwad, Karanataka 580001, India.
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Extracellular Interactions between Fibulins and Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-β in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092787. [PMID: 30227601 PMCID: PMC6163299 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional peptide growth factor that has a vital role in the regulation of cell growth, differentiation, inflammation, and repair in a variety of tissues, and its dysregulation mediates a number of pathological conditions including fibrotic disorders, chronic inflammation, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer progression. Regulation of TGF-β signaling is multifold, but one critical site of regulation is via interaction with certain extracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironments, as TGF-β is primarily secreted as a biologically inactive form sequestrated into ECM. Several ECM proteins are known to modulate TGF-β signaling via cell–matrix interactions, including thrombospondins, SPARC (Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cystein), tenascins, osteopontin, periostin, and fibulins. Fibulin family members consist of eight ECM glycoproteins characterized by a tandem array of calcium-binding epidermal growth factor-like modules and a common C-terminal domain. Fibulins not only participate in structural integrity of basement membrane and elastic fibers, but also serve as mediators for cellular processes and tissue remodeling as they are highly upregulated during embryonic development and certain disease processes, especially at the sites of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Emerging studies have indicated a close relationship between fibulins and TGF-β signaling, but each fibulin plays a different role in a context-dependent manner. In this review, regulatory interactions between fibulins and TGF-β signaling are discussed. Understanding biological roles of fibulins in TGF-β regulation may introduce new insights into the pathogenesis of some human diseases.
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Zhang D, Wang S, Chen J, Liu H, Lu J, Jiang H, Huang A, Chen Y. Fibulin-4 promotes osteosarcoma invasion and metastasis by inducing epithelial to mesenchymal transition via the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:1513-1530. [PMID: 28339091 PMCID: PMC5403358 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the role of fibulin-4 in osteosarcoma progression and the possible signaling pathway involved. Fibulin-4 mRNA and protein expression in normal tissue, benign fibrous dysplasia, osteosarcoma, osteosarcoma cell lines, the normal osteoblastic cell line hFOB, and different invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry (IHC) or immunocytochemistry (ICC) and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (real-time qRT-PCR). Using in vitro functional assays, we analyzed the invasive and proliferative abilities of different osteosarcoma cell lines and subclones with differing invasive potential. To assess the role of fibulin-4 in the invasion and metastasis of osteosarcoma cells, lentiviral vectors with fibulin-4 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) and pLVX-fibulin-4 were constructed and used to infect the highly invasive and low invasive subclones and osteosarcoma cell lines. The effects of fibulin-4 knockdown and upregulation on the biological behavior of osteosarcoma cells were investigated by functional in vitro and in vivo assays. The results revealed that fibulin-4 expression was upregulated in osteosarcoma, and was positively correlated with low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis. Fibulin-4 was also found to be over-expressed in highly invasive cell lines and in the highly invasive subclones. Fibulin-4 could promote osteosarcoma cell invasion and metastasis by inducing EMT via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that fibulin-4 is a promoter of osteosarcoma development and progression, and suggest a novel therapeutic target for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Songgang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Jinfa Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangcheng No. 2 People's Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215143, P.R. China
| | - Yunzhen Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
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McCord J, Sun Z, Deutsch EW, Moritz RL, Muddiman DC. The PeptideAtlas of the Domestic Laying Hen. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:1352-1363. [PMID: 28166638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics-based biological research is greatly expanded by high-quality mass spectrometry studies, which are themselves enabled by access to quality mass spectrometry resources, such as high-quality curated proteome data repositories. We present a PeptideAtlas for the domestic chicken, containing an extensive and robust collection of chicken tissue and plasma samples with substantial value for the chicken proteomics community for protein validation and design of downstream targeted proteome quantitation. The chicken PeptideAtlas contains 6646 canonical proteins at a protein FDR of 1.3%, derived from ∼100 000 peptides at a peptide level FDR of 0.1%. The rich collection of readily accessible data is easily mined for the purposes of data validation and experimental planning, particularly in the realm of developing proteome quantitation workflows. Herein we demonstrate the use of the atlas to mine information on common chicken acute-phase proteins and biomarkers for cancer detection research, as well as their localization and polymorphisms. This wealth of information will support future proteome-based research using this highly important agricultural organism in pursuit of both chicken and human health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- James McCord
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Zhi Sun
- Institute for Systems Biology , Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Eric W Deutsch
- Institute for Systems Biology , Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Robert L Moritz
- Institute for Systems Biology , Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - David C Muddiman
- W.M. Keck FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University , Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
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Fibulin-4 is a novel Wnt/β-Catenin pathway activator in human osteosarcoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 474:730-735. [PMID: 27157136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibulin-4, an extracellular glycoprotein implicated in connective tissue development and elastic fiber formation, draws increasing focuses in cancer research. However, little is known about the underlying oncogenic roles of Fibulin-4 in human osteosarcoma (OS). In this study, by immunohistochemical analysis, upregulated expression of Fibulin-4 was found in the OS clinical specimens and cell lines compared to their normal counterparts. Fibulin-4 was positively correlated with the T stage of OS patients, and the proliferation index Ki67. Based on informatics analysis and functional verification, microRNA-137 was identified as a potential upstream regulator of Fibulin-4. Knockdown of Fibulin-4 or introduction of microRNA-137 inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, and adverse effects were observed by overexpression of Fibulin-4. Furthermore, the tumor-suppressive functions of microRNA-137 were markedly abolished by restoration of Fibulin-4 expression in OS cells. Mechanistically, Fibulin-4 activated Wnt/β-Catenin pathway and promoted the expression of its downstream targets, including CCND2, c-Myc and VEGF. Taken together, Fibulin-4 plays critical neoplastic roles in tumor growth of human OS by activating Wnt/β-Catenin signaling and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Li Y, Arao Y, Hall JM, Burkett S, Liu L, Gerrish K, Cavailles V, Korach KS. Research Resource: STR DNA profile and gene expression comparisons of human BG-1 cells and a BG-1/MCF-7 clonal variant. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 28:2072-81. [PMID: 25321415 DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human ovarian cancer BG-1 cells are a valuable in vitro model that has enabled several laboratories to study the estrogenic responses of ovarian cancers. We recently discovered that there are two different BG-1 cell lines being used for experiments, denoted here as BG-1 FR and BG-1 NIEHS, which exhibit striking morphological differences. The objective of this study was to methodically analyze these two BG-1 variants and compare their characteristics. Short tandem repeat analysis revealed that the DNA profile of BG-1 FR cells was unique, yet the Short tandem repeat pattern of BG-1 NIEHS was identical with that of MCF-7 cells. From a cytogenetic analysis, it became apparent that the BG-1 FR line had the same profile as previously reported, whereas the BG-1 NIEHS and MCF-7 cells share a similar genetic display. A significant number of unique chromosomal translocations were observed between the BG-1 NIEHS and MCF-7 cells, suggesting that acquired genotypic differences resulted in the formation of two lines from a common origin. Although all cell types demonstrated a similar estrogen responsiveness in reporter gene assays, a microarray analysis revealed distinct estrogen-responsive gene expression patterns with surprisingly moderate to low overlap. We conclude that BG-1 FR is the original ovarian cancer cell line, whereas the BG-1 NIEHS is a variant from the MCF-7 cells. These findings provide much needed clarification of the identities and characteristics of key cell line models that are widely used to study estrogen action in female reproductive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology (Y.L., Y.A., K.S.K.) and Molecular Genomics Core Facility (L.L., K.G.), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences (J.M.H.), Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina 27506; Center for Cancer Research (S.B.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Maryland 21702; and Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (V.C.), Institut de Recherche en Cancerologie de Montpellier and INSERM Unité 896, Universite Montpellier1, F-34298 Montpellier, France
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Cui Y, Liu J, Yin HB, Liu YF, Liu JH. Fibulin-1 functions as a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:854-9. [PMID: 26185140 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fibulin-1 is a member of the fibulin gene family, characterized by tandem arrays of epidermal growth factor-like domains and a C-terminal fibulin-type module. Fibulin-1 plays important roles in a range of cellular functions including morphology, growth, adhesion and mobility. It acts as a tumor suppressor gene in cutaneous melanoma, prostate cancer and gastric cancer. However, whether fibulin-1 also acts as a tumor suppressor gene in lung adenocarcinoma remains unknown. We also determined the association of fibulin-1 expression with various clinical and pathological parameters, which would show its potential role in clinical prognosis. METHODS We investigated and followed up 140 lung adenocarcinoma patients who underwent lung resection without pre- and post-operative systemic chemotherapy at the Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from 2009 to 2013. Western blot assay and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of fibulin-1 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues. We then analyzed the correlations between fibulin-1 expression and clinicopathological variables as well as the patients' overall survival rate. RESULTS Both western blot assay and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the level of fibulin-1 was downregulated in human lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared with that of normal lung tissues. Fibulin-1 expression significantly correlated with histological differentiation (P = 0.046), clinical stage (P< 0.01), lymph node status (P = 0.038) and expression of Ki-67 (P = 0.013). More importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that fibulin-1 was an independent prognostic marker for lung adenocarcinoma, and high expression of fibulin-1 was significantly associated with better prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The results supported our hypothesis that fibulin-1 can act as a prognostic factor in lung adenocarcinoma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Cui
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Jian Liu
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Hai-Bing Yin
- Department of Pathology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Fei Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu
| | - Jun-Hua Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu
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Calumenin and fibulin-1 on tumor metastasis: Implications for pharmacology. Pharmacol Res 2015; 99:11-5. [PMID: 25976680 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2015.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor metastasis is a key cause of cancer mortality, and inhibiting migration of cancer cells is one of the major directions of anti-metastatic drug development. Calumenin and fibulin-1 are two extracellular proteins that synergistically inhibit cell migration and tumor metastasis, and could potentially be served as targets for pharmacological research of anti-metastatic drugs. This review briefly introduces the multi-function of these two proteins, and discusses the mechanism of how they regulate cell migration and tumor metastasis.
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Fibulin1C peptide induces cell attachment and extracellular matrix deposition in lung fibroblasts. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9496. [PMID: 25834989 PMCID: PMC5381689 DOI: 10.1038/srep09496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-1 is an extracellular matrix (ECM) protein, levels of which are elevated in serum and lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis compared to healthy volunteers. Inhibition of fibulin-1C, one of four fibulin-1 isoforms, reduced proliferation and wound healing in human airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells. This study identified the bioactive region/s of fibulin-1C which promotes fibrosis. Seven fibulin-1C peptides were synthesized and used to pre-coat tissue culture plates before lung derived ASM cells and fibroblasts from patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or neither disease (Control) were plated. Peptide effects on in vitro measures of fibrosis: cell attachment, proliferation and viability, and ECM deposition, were examined. Among these peptides, peptide 1C1 (FBLN1C1) enhanced ASM cell and fibroblast attachment. FBLN1C1 increased mitochondrial activity and proliferation in fibroblasts. In addition, FBLN1C1 stimulated fibulin1 deposition in PF and COPD fibroblasts, and augmented fibronectin and perlecan deposition in all three groups. Peptides FBLN1C2 to FBLN1C7 had no activity. The active fibulin-1C peptide identified in this study describes a useful tool for future studies. Ongoing investigation of the role of fibulin-1 may reveal the mechanisms underlying the pathphysiology of chronic lung diseases.
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Chen J, Liu Z, Fang S, Fang R, Liu X, Zhao Y, Li X, Huang L, Zhang J. Fibulin-4 is associated with tumor progression and a poor prognosis in ovarian carcinomas. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:91. [PMID: 25885889 PMCID: PMC4359517 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fibulin-4, a member of the fibulin family of extracellular glycoproteins, is implicated in the progressions of some cancers. However, no information has been available to date regarding the function of fibulin-4 in ovarian carcinoma progression. Methods In this study, fibulin-4 mRNA and protein expression in normal ovarian tissue, ovarian tumor, high invasive subclones and low invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The serum levels of fibulin-4, cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and cerbohydrate antigen 199 (CA19-9) in patients with ovarian tumor were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and electrochemiluminescent immunoassay. To assess the angiogenic properties of fibulin-4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and tumor microvessel density were analyzed in ovarian carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Results Fibulin-4 expression was upregulated in ovarian carcinoma, and positively correlated with MVD and VEGF expression. Fibulin-4 overexpression was significantly associated with advanced stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. The serum levels of fibulin-4, CA-125 and CA19-9 in patients with ovarian carcinoma were much higher than those with benign ovarian tumors and normal controls. Compared to CA-125 and CA19-9, fibulin-4 had better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions Fibulin-4 is a novel gene that is found overexpressed in ovarian cancer and associated with poor prognostic clinicopathologic features. This study shows that fibulin-4 may serve as a new prognostic factor and as a potential therapeutic target for patients with ovarian cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Zhao Liu
- Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Jinan Central Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250013, China.
| | - Shuang Fang
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Georgetown University, Georgetown, Washington D.C, 20057, USA.
| | - Rui Fang
- Grade 2011, Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- Grade 2011, Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - XiangXin Li
- Department of Haematology, QiLu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China.
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China.
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Zheng J, Zhou J, Xie X, Xie B, Lin J, Xu Z, Zhang W. Estrogen decreases anoikis of ovarian cancer cell line Caov-3 through reducing release of Bit1. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 33:847-53. [PMID: 25211327 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Few studies have referred to the implication of anoikis processes following hormonal treatment. No data are available on the influence of estrogen in ovarian cancer anoikis. To gain insights into the effects and mechanism of estrogen in ovarian cancer cells, we have carried out studies on the anoikis of ovarian cancer cells treated with estrogen and on the pathways involved. We observed an anti-anoikis role of E2 in suspended Caov-3 cells, and this was mainly due to the decreasing of Bit1 level in cytosol. We also found that estrogen receptor α (ERα) was the main mediator involved in this process. To study the signaling pathways well, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT were further investigated. Results demonstrated that the decreasing of the Bit1 level in cytosol mediated by E2 binding to ERα was mainly through PI3K/AKT pathways. Overall, these findings disclose a new perspective for estrogen on ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihua Zheng
- 1 Department of Oncology, Guangzhou General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command , Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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Overgaard M, Cangemi C, Jensen ML, Argraves WS, Rasmussen LM. Total and isoform-specific quantitative assessment of circulating fibulin-1 using selected reaction monitoring MS and time-resolved immunofluorometry. Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:767-75. [PMID: 25331251 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Targeted proteomics using SRM-MS combined with stable-isotope dilution has emerged as a promising quantitative technique for the study of circulating protein biomarkers. The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize robust quantitative assays for the emerging cardiovascular biomarker fibulin-1 and its circulating isoforms in human plasma. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used bioinformatics analysis to predict total and isoform-specific tryptic peptides for absolute quantitation using SRM-MS. Fibulin-1 was quantitated in plasma by nanoflow-LC-SRM-MS in undepleted plasma and time-resolved immunofluorometric assay (TRIFMA). Both methods were validated and compared to a commercial ELISA (CircuLex). Molecular size determination was performed under native conditions by SEC analysis coupled to SRM-MS and TRIFMA. RESULTS Absolute quantitation of total fibulin-1, isoforms -1C, and -1D was performed by SRM-MS. Fibulin-1C was the most abundant isoform in plasma. Circulating fibulin-1 isoforms were homo -or hetero multimeric complexes (range 318-364 kDa). Good correlation was obtained between SRM-MS and TRIFMA but not CircuLex. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE For biomarker studies using smaller cohorts, SRM-MS provides an alternative measure of total and specific fibulin-1 isoforms in undepleted plasma. For larger cohorts TRIFMA provides a faster platform for fibulin-1 quantitation in plasma. While the correlation between these methods was acceptable, low correlation was obtained between the commercial CircuLex assay and SRM-MS or TRIFMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Overgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claudia Cangemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Martin L Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - William S Argraves
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lars M Rasmussen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Centre for Individualized Medicine in Arterial Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Xiao W, Wang J, Li H, Xia D, Yu G, Yao W, Yang Y, Xiao H, Lang B, Ma X, Guo X, Guan W, Xu H, Liu J, Zhang X, Ye Z. Fibulin-1 is epigenetically down-regulated and related with bladder cancer recurrence. BMC Cancer 2014; 14:677. [PMID: 25234557 PMCID: PMC4180143 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-14-677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Fibulin-1, a multi-functional extracellular matrix protein, has been demonstrated to be involved in many kinds of cancers, while its function in bladder cancer remains unclear. So here we investigated the expression and function of fibulin-1 in Bladder cancer. METHODS We used real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of fibulin-1 in Bladder cancer cells and patient tissues respectively. Methylation-specific PCR and quantitative sequencing were used to examine the methylation status of FBLN1 gene promoter. Eukaryotic expression plasmid and lentiviral vector were used to overexpress fibulin-1 in Bladder cancer cells 5637, HT-1376 to investigate its function in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS We identified that fibulin-1 was significantly down-regulated in bladder cancer, and its dysregulation was associated with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) grade and recurrence. The promoter region of FBLN1 was generally methylated in bladder cancer cell lines and tissues, further investigation in patient tissues showed that the methylation status was associated with the fibulin-1 expression. Overexpression of fibulin-1 significantly suppressed tumor growth, induced tumor cell apoptosis, decreased cell motility, and inhibited angiogenesis in cultured bladder cancer cells and xenograft tumor in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results indicated that fibulin-1 expression is associated with NMIBC grade and recurrence, it is epigenetically down-regulated and functions as a tumor suppressor gene and angiogenesis inhibitor in bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hua Xu
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Khan R, Gupta N, Kumar R, Sharma M, Kumar L, Sharma A. Augmented expression of urokinase plasminogen activator and extracellular matrix proteins associates with multiple myeloma progression. Clin Exp Metastasis 2014; 31:585-93. [PMID: 24807734 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-014-9652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) represents a B cell malignancy, characterized by a monoclonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells. Interactions between tumor cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) are of importance for tumor invasion and metastasis. Protein levels of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) and fibulin 1, nidogen and laminin in plasma and serum respectively and mRNA levels of these molecules in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were determined in 80 subjects by using ELISA and quantitative PCR and data was analyzed with severity of disease. Pearson correlation was determined to observe interrelationship between different molecules. A statistical significant increase for ECM proteins (laminin, nidogen and fibulin 1) and uPA at circulatory level as well as at mRNA level was observed compared to healthy controls. The levels of these molecules in serum might be utilized as a marker of active disease. Significant positive correlation of all ECM proteins with uPA was found and data also correlates with severity of disease. Strong association found between ECM proteins and uPA in this study supports that there might be interplay between these molecules which can be targeted. This study on these molecules may help to gain insight into processes of growth, spread, and clinical behavior of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehan Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi, 110029, India
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Chen J, Zhang J, Liu X, Fang R, Zhao Y, Ma D. Overexpression of fibulin-4 is associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in patients with cervical carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2601-10. [PMID: 24737201 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-4, a member of the fibulin family of extracellular glycoproteins, is implicated in the progression of a number of types of cancer. However, the function of fibulin-4 in cervical cancer progression remains unexplored. Fibulin-4 mRNA and protein expression levels in normal cervical tissue, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), cervical carcinoma, highly invasive subclones and low-invasive subclones were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry. Serum fibulin-4 levels in patients with CIN and cervical carcinoma were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. To assess the angiogenic properties of fibulin-4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and tumor microvessel density (MVD) were analyzed in the cervical carcinoma cases by immunohistochemistry. Fibulin-4 expression was upregulated in the cervical carcinoma cases, and was positively correlated with MVD and VEGF expression. Fibulin-4 overexpression and high serum levels were significantly associated with advanced stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis, and poor prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Fibulin-4 expression was also found to be overexpressed in highly invasive subclones when compared with the low-invasive subclones. Fibulin-4 is a newly identified glycoprotein that is overexpressed in cervical carcinoma. Fibulin-4 promotes angiogenesis and is associated with poor prognostic clinicopathologic features. This study demonstrated that fibulin-4 may serve as a new prognostic factor and as a potential therapeutic target for patients with cervical carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xi Liu
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Rui Fang
- Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, P.R. China
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Demei Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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Wang Q, Shen B, Chen L, Zheng P, Feng H, Hao Q, Liu X, Liu L, Xu S, Chen J, Teng J. Extracellular calumenin suppresses ERK1/2 signaling and cell migration by protecting fibulin-1 from MMP-13-mediated proteolysis. Oncogene 2014; 34:1006-18. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Wu BJ, Zhou ZP, Li WP, Ding W, Wu YZ, Zhou ZW, Zhang RQ, Liu QF, Jiang H. Abnormal hypermethylation and clinicopathological significance of FBLN1 gene in cutaneous melanoma. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:123-7. [PMID: 23907575 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-013-1015-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibulin-1 (FBLN1) is involved in the progression of some types of cancer. However, the role of FBLN1 in cutaneous melanoma (CM) has not been examined. The purpose of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of FBLN1 inactivation in CM. The expression of FBLN1 mRNA in CM tissues and adjacent normal skin tissues was analyzed by quantitative reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine the methylation status of the FBLN1 gene promoter. Furthermore, the methylation status of FBLN1 was analyzed with the clinicopathological characteristics and overall survival. qRT-PCR showed FBLN1 mRNA levels in cancerous tissues to be significantly decreased compared with that in adjacent normal skin tissues. The rate of FBLN1 promoter methylation was significantly higher in CM tissues than in adjacent normal skin tissues (P < 0.001). Downregulation of FBLN1 was strongly correlated with promoter methylation (P = 0.021). Promoter hypermethylation of FBLN1 was significantly associated with tumor stage (P = 0.019). In addition, FBLN1 methylation status was associated with significantly shorter survival time and was an independent predictor of overall survival. In conclusion, our results indicated that FBLN1 is a novel candidate of tumor suppressor gene and that promoter hypermethylation of FBLN1 is associated with tumor progression in CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Jin Wu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 12, Wulumuqi Zhong Rd., Shanghai, 200040, China,
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Shevchenko VE, Makarov DE, Kovalev SV, Arnotskaya NE, Pogosian NR, Zhordania KI. Tumor pleural effusion proteome profiling for ovarian cancer biomarkers mining. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934813130091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Chen J, Wei D, Zhao Y, Liu X, Zhang J. Overexpression of EFEMP1 correlates with tumor progression and poor prognosis in human ovarian carcinoma. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78783. [PMID: 24236050 PMCID: PMC3827232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study was to explore the role of EFEMP1 in ovarian tumor progression and its relationship with prognosis of ovarian carcinoma. Methods EFEMP1 mRNA and protein expressions in normal ovarian tissue, ovarian tumor, high invasive subclones and low invasive subclones were evaluated by immunohistochemistry and real time RT-PCR. Serum EFEMP1 levels in patients with ovarian tumor were measured by ELISA assay. To assess the angiogenic properties of EFEMP1, VEGF and tumor microvessel density were analyzed in ovarian carcinoma by immunohistochemistry. Results EFEMP1 expression was up-regulated in ovarian carcinoma, positively correlated with MVD and VEGF, and its overexpression and high serum levels were significantly associated with high stage, low differentiation, lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis of ovarian cancer. EFEMP1 expression was also found to be over-expressed in the highly invasive subclones compared with the low invasive subclones. Conclusion EFEMP1 is a newly identified gene over-expressed in ovarian cancer, associated with poor clinicopathologic features and promotes angiogenesis. This study shows that EFEMP1 may serve as a new prognostic factor and a therapeutic target for patients with ovarian cancer in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health Care, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Deying Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (JZ)
| | - Yueran Zhao
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
- * E-mail: (DW); (JZ)
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Drouilhet L, Mansanet C, Sarry J, Tabet K, Bardou P, Woloszyn F, Lluch J, Harichaux G, Viguié C, Monniaux D, Bodin L, Mulsant P, Fabre S. The highly prolific phenotype of Lacaune sheep is associated with an ectopic expression of the B4GALNT2 gene within the ovary. PLoS Genet 2013; 9:e1003809. [PMID: 24086150 PMCID: PMC3784507 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1003809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Prolific sheep have proven to be a valuable model to identify genes and mutations implicated in female fertility. In the Lacaune sheep breed, large variation in litter size is genetically determined by the segregation of a fecundity major gene influencing ovulation rate, named FecL and its prolific allele FecL(L) . Our previous work localized FecL on sheep chromosome 11 within a locus of 1.1 Mb encompassing 20 genes. With the aim to identify the FecL gene, we developed a high throughput sequencing strategy of long-range PCR fragments spanning the locus of FecL(L) carrier and non-carrier ewes. Resulting informative markers defined a new 194.6 kb minimal interval. The reduced FecL locus contained only two genes, insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 1 (IGF2BP1) and beta-1,4-N-acetyl-galactosaminyl transferase 2 (B4GALNT2), and we identified two SNP in complete linkage disequilibrium with FecL(L) . B4GALNT2 appeared as the best positional and expressional candidate for FecL, since it showed an ectopic expression in the ovarian follicles of FecL(L) /FecL(L) ewes at mRNA and protein levels. In FecL(L) carrier ewes only, B4GALNT2 transferase activity was localized in granulosa cells and specifically glycosylated proteins were detected in granulosa cell extracts and follicular fluids. The identification of these glycoproteins by mass spectrometry revealed at least 10 proteins, including inhibin alpha and betaA subunits, as potential targets of B4GALNT2 activity. Specific ovarian protein glycosylation by B4GALNT2 is proposed as a new mechanism of ovulation rate regulation in sheep, and could contribute to open new fields of investigation to understand female infertility pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence Drouilhet
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Camille Mansanet
- INRA UMR 85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Julien Sarry
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Kamila Tabet
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Philippe Bardou
- INRA, SIGENAE, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Florent Woloszyn
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Jérome Lluch
- INRA, GeT-PlaGe Genotoul, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Grégoire Harichaux
- INRA UMR 85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- INRA, Plate-forme d'Analyse Intégrative des Biomolécules, Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, Nouzilly, France
| | - Catherine Viguié
- UMR 1331 INRA-ENVT-EIP-INPT-UPS, Toxicologie Alimentaire, Toulouse, France
| | - Danielle Monniaux
- INRA UMR 85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Loys Bodin
- INRA, UR 631, Station d'Amélioration Génétique des Animaux, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Philippe Mulsant
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Stéphane Fabre
- INRA-ENVT, UMR 444, Laboratoire de Génétique Cellulaire, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- INRA UMR 85, CNRS UMR 7247, Université de Tours, IFCE, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
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Xiao W, Wang J, Li H, Guan W, Xia D, Yu G, Xiao H, Lang B, Ma X, Liu J, Zhang X, Ye Z, Xu H. Fibulin-1 is Down-Regulated Through Promoter Hypermethylation and Suppresses Renal Cell Carcinoma Progression. J Urol 2013; 190:291-301. [PMID: 23391467 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xiao
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Simpkins F, Garcia-Soto A, Slingerland J. New insights on the role of hormonal therapy in ovarian cancer. Steroids 2013; 78:530-7. [PMID: 23402742 PMCID: PMC4551472 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OVCA) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. It is often diagnosed in advanced stages and despite therapy, 70% relapse within 2years with incurable disease. Regimens with clinical benefit and minimal toxicity are urgently needed. More effective hormonal therapies would be appealing in this setting. Estrogens (E2) are implicated in the etiology of OVCA. Estrogens drive proliferation and anti-estrogens inhibit ovarian cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Despite estrogen receptor (ER) expression in 67% of OVCAs, small anti-estrogen therapy trials have been disappointing and the benefit of hormonal therapy has not been systematically studied in large well-designed trials. OVCAs often manifest de novo anti-estrogen resistance and those that initially respond invariably develop resistance. Estrogens stimulate ovarian cancer progression by transcriptional activation and cross talk between liganded ER and mitogenic pathways, both of which drive cell cycle progression. Estrogen deprivation and estrogen receptor (ER) blockade cause cell cycle arrest in susceptible OVCAs by increasing the cell cycle inhibitor, p27. This review summarizes and discusses scientific and epidemiological evidence supporting estrogen's role in ovarian carcinogenesis, provides an overview of clinical trials of ER blockade and aromatase inhibitors in OVCA and reviews potential causes of antiestrogen resistance. Anti-estrogen resistance was recently shown to be reversed by dual ER and Src signaling blockade. Blocking cross-talk between ER and constitutively activated kinase pathways may improve anti-estrogen therapeutic efficacy in OVCA, as has been demonstrated in other cancers. Novel strategies to improve benefit from anti-estrogens by combining them with targeted therapies are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona Simpkins
- Division of Gynecology Oncology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States.
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Modugno F, Laskey R, Smith AL, Andersen CL, Haluska P, Oesterreich S. Hormone response in ovarian cancer: time to reconsider as a clinical target? Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:R255-79. [PMID: 23045324 PMCID: PMC3696394 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide among women in developed countries and the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. There is a critical need for the introduction of targeted therapies to improve outcome. Epidemiological evidence suggests a critical role for steroid hormones in ovarian tumorigenesis. There is also increasing evidence from in vitro studies that estrogen, progestin, and androgen regulate proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Limited clinical trials have shown modest response rates; however, they have consistently identified a small subset of patients that respond very well to endocrine therapy with few side effects. We propose that it is timely to perform additional well-designed trials that should include biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesmary Modugno
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide among women in developed countries and the most lethal of all gynecologic malignancies. There is a critical need for the introduction of targeted therapies to improve outcome. Epidemiological evidence suggests a critical role for steroid hormones in ovarian tumorigenesis. There is also increasing evidence from in vitro studies that estrogen, progestin, and androgen regulate proliferation and invasion of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Limited clinical trials have shown modest response rates; however, they have consistently identified a small subset of patients that respond very well to endocrine therapy with few side effects. We propose that it is timely to perform additional well-designed trials that should include biomarkers of response.
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Kuo PL, Shen KH, Hung SH, Hsu YL. CXCL1/GROα increases cell migration and invasion of prostate cancer by decreasing fibulin-1 expression through NF-κB/HDAC1 epigenetic regulation. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:2477-87. [PMID: 23027620 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory tumor microenvironments play pivotal roles in the development of cancer. Inflammatory cytokines such as CXCL1/GROα exert cancer-promoting activities by increasing tumor angiogenesis. However, whether CXCL1/GROα also plays a role in the progression of prostate cancer, particularly in highly invasive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), has not been investigated. We explored whether CXCL1/GROα enhances cell migration and invasion in PC-3 and DU145 CRPC. Induction of PC-3 and DU145 cancer progression by CXCL1/GROα is associated with increased AKT activation and IκB kinase α (IKKα) phosphorylation, resulting in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation. Activated NF-κB interacts with histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to form a gene-silencing complex, which represses the expression of fibulin-1D by decreasing the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 on the NF-κB-binding site of the fibulin-1D promoter. Blockade of AKT2 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA) decreases IKKα phosphorylation, NF-κB nuclear translocation and cell migration, indicating that AKT is required in CXCL1/GROα-mediated NF-κB activation and cell migration. In addition, NF-κB and HDAC1 shRNA decrease the effect of CXCL1/GROα on fibulin-1D downregulation, migration and invasion, suggesting that the NF-κB/HDAC1 complex is also involved in CXCL1/GROα-mediated cancer progression. Our findings provide the first evidence that CXCL1/GROα decreases fibulin-1D expression in prostate cancer cells and also reveals novel insights into the mechanism by which CXCL1/GROα regulates NF-κB activation through the AKT pathway. Our results also clearly establish that co-operation of NF-κB and HDAC1 regulates fibulin-1D expression by epigenetic modification. Our study suggests that inhibition of CXCL1/GROα-mediated AKT/NF-κB signaling may be an attractive therapeutic target for CRPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Lin Kuo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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Bossard C, Busson M, Vindrieux D, Gaudin F, Machelon V, Brigitte M, Jacquard C, Pillon A, Balaguer P, Balabanian K, Lazennec G. Potential role of estrogen receptor beta as a tumor suppressor of epithelial ovarian cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44787. [PMID: 22970307 PMCID: PMC3435304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the gynecological cancer exhibiting the highest morbidity and improvement of treatments is still required. Previous studies have shown that Estrogen-receptor beta (ERβ) levels decreased along with ovarian carcinogenesis. Here, we present evidence that reintroduction of ERβ in BG-1 epithelial ovarian cancer cells, which express ERα, leads in vitro to a decrease of basal and estradiol-promoted cell proliferation. ERβ reduced the frequency of cells in S phase and increased the one of cells in G2/M phase. At the molecular level, we found that ERβ downregulated total retinoblastoma (Rb), phosphorylated Rb and phospho-AKT cellular content as well as cyclins D1 and A2. In addition, ERβ had a direct effect on ERα, by strongly inhibiting its expression and activity, which could explain part of the anti-proliferative action of ERβ. By developing a novel preclinical model of ovarian cancer based on a luminescent orthotopic xenograft in athymic Nude mice, we further revealed that ERβ expression reduces tumor growth and the presence of tumor cells in sites of metastasis, hence resulting in improved survival of mice. Altogether, these findings unveil a potential tumor-suppressor role of ERβ in ovarian carcinogenesis, which could be of potential clinical relevance for the selection of the most appropriate treatment for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carine Bossard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
| | - Muriel Busson
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
| | - David Vindrieux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
| | - Françoise Gaudin
- Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S996, Univ. Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Véronique Machelon
- Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S996, Univ. Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Madly Brigitte
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
| | - Carine Jacquard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
| | - Arnaud Pillon
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), Montpellier, France
| | - Karl Balabanian
- Laboratory of Excellence in Research on Medication and Innovative Therapeutics (LERMIT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR_S996, Univ. Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
| | - Gwendal Lazennec
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), U844, University of Montpellier I, Montpellier, F-34091, France
- * E-mail:
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Drummond AE, Fuller PJ. Activin and inhibin, estrogens and NFκB, play roles in ovarian tumourigenesis is there crosstalk? Mol Cell Endocrinol 2012; 359:85-91. [PMID: 21839804 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2011.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 07/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer may be the most frequently lethal gynaecological malignancy but the heterogeneous nature of the disease and the advanced stage at which it is usually diagnosed, have contributed to the paucity of information relating to its aetiology and pathogenesis. Members of the TGF-β superfamily, estrogen and NFκB have all been implicated in the development and progression of cancers from a wide range of tissues. In the ovary, TGF-β superfamily members and estrogen play key roles in maintaining normal function. To date, little is known about the capacity of NFκB to influence normal ovarian function except that it is ubiquitously expressed. In this review we will highlight the roles that inhibin/activin, estrogen and NFκB, have been attributed within carcinogenesis and examine the potential for crosstalk between these pathways in ovarian cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann E Drummond
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research, PO Box 5152, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
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Obaya AJ, Rua S, Moncada-Pazos A, Cal S. The dual role of fibulins in tumorigenesis. Cancer Lett 2012; 325:132-8. [PMID: 22781395 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2012.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The human fibulin family consists of seven complex extracellular glycoproteins originally characterized as components of elastic fibers in connective tissue. However, beyond its structural role, fibulins are involved in complex biological processes such as cell adhesion, migration or proliferation. Indeed, they have proved to be essential elements in normal physiology, as shown by mouse models lacking these proteins, that evidence several developmental abnormalities and pathological features. Their relevance is also apparent in tumorigenesis, an aspect that has started to be intensely studied. Distinct fibulins are expressed in both tumor and stromal cells and are subjected to multiple expression regulations with either anti or pro-tumor effects. The mechanistic insights that underlie these observations are now commencing to emerge, portraying these proteins as very versatile and active constituents of connective tissue. The aim of this review is to highlight the most relevant connections between fibulins and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro J Obaya
- Departamento de Biología Funcional, Area de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto Universitario de Oncología del Principado de Asturias, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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Alcendor DJ, Knobel S, Desai P, Zhu WQ, Hayward GS. KSHV regulation of fibulin-2 in Kaposi's sarcoma: implications for tumorigenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2011; 179:1443-54. [PMID: 21741351 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/17/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma is an angioproliferative tumor caused by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection of vascular endothelial cells. Fibulins, proteins that associate with extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, may have both tumor-suppressive and oncogenic activities. We found that the expression of fibulin-2 protein and mRNA were decreased 50-fold and 26-fold, respectively, in 10-day KSHV-infected dermal microvascular endothelial cells (DMVEC). Using quantitative RT-PCR, we found a fivefold and 25-fold decrease of fibulin-2 extracellular matrix binding partners, fibronectin and tropoelastin, respectively. Time-course transcriptional analyses over 10 days showed that in addition to that of fibulin-2, expression of fibulins 3 and 5 was decreased in KSHV-infected DMVEC, fibulins 1C/1D were increased, and fibulins 4, 6, and 7 were unchanged. KSHV latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) transcription levels rose consistently over the same period. Addition of recombinant fibulin-3 or -5 for 48 hours to 10-day KSHV-infected cells caused a suppression of KSHV-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein and mRNA levels. Recombinant fibulin-3 also significantly reduced VEGF receptor 3 expression. In pleural effusion lymphoma cell lines that express variable levels of KSHV lytic replication, we observed no detectable fibulin-2 or -5 expression. Finally, fibulin-2 expression was decreased in tissue microarrays from KSHV-infected, LANA-positive patient cells as compared to that in patient nontumor controls. Understanding the interactions between KSHV and the fibulins may lead to the development of novel therapies for treatment of Kaposi's sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald J Alcendor
- Meharry Medical College, School of Medicine, Center for AIDS Health Disparities Research, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
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Kanda M, Nomoto S, Okamura Y, Hayashi M, Hishida M, Fujii T, Nishikawa Y, Sugimoto H, Takeda S, Nakao A. Promoter hypermethylation of fibulin 1 gene is associated with tumor progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Mol Carcinog 2011; 50:571-9. [PMID: 21268132 DOI: 10.1002/mc.20735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Revised: 12/08/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers world-wide but the molecular mechanisms that underlie hepatocarcinogenesis are not fully determined. On the same surgical sample with HCC, we performed microarray-based gene expression profiling and karyotype analysis using a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. In addition, quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), methylation specific PCR (MSP) and immunohistochemical staining were conducted using specimens from 48 patients with HCC. Gene expression profiling showed the expression of fibulin 1 (FBLN1), located on 22q13, to be decreased in tumor tissue. Karyotype analysis revealed no loss of heterozygosity (LOH) since deletions were not detected in 22q, and one of the SNPs on 22q13 showed AB genotype in both cancerous tissue and in corresponding noncancerous tissue, indicating retention of heterozygosity. Quantitative real-time PCR showed FBLN1 mRNA levels in cancerous tissues to be significantly decreased compared with that in corresponding noncancerous tissues. The immunohistochemical staining results were consistent with both gene expression profiling and quantitative PCR data. Twenty-four out of 48 HCCs gave a positive result in MSP. Moreover, promoter hypermethylation of FBLN1 was significantly associated with advanced stage HCC, multiple tumors and increased tumor size. Our results indicated that FBLN1 is a novel candidate of tumor suppressor gene and that promoter hypermethylation of FBLN1 is associated with tumor progression in HCC. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuro Kanda
- Department of Surgery II, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Japan
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45
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Nassa G, Tarallo R, Guzzi PH, Ferraro L, Cirillo F, Ravo M, Nola E, Baumann M, Nyman TA, Cannataro M, Ambrosino C, Weisz A. Comparative analysis of nuclear estrogen receptor alpha and beta interactomes in breast cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 7:667-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c0mb00145g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Dozmorov MG, Azzarello JT, Wren JD, Fung KM, Yang Q, Davis JS, Hurst RE, Culkin DJ, Penning TM, Lin HK. Elevated AKR1C3 expression promotes prostate cancer cell survival and prostate cell-mediated endothelial cell tube formation: implications for prostate cancer progression. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:672. [PMID: 21134280 PMCID: PMC3013086 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/06/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C family member 3 (AKR1C3), one of four identified human AKR1C enzymes, catalyzes steroid, prostaglandin, and xenobiotic metabolism. In the prostate, AKR1C3 is up-regulated in localized and advanced prostate adenocarcinoma, and is associated with prostate cancer (PCa) aggressiveness. Here we propose a novel pathological function of AKR1C3 in tumor angiogenesis and its potential role in promoting PCa progression. Methods To recapitulate elevated AKR1C3 expression in cancerous prostate, the human PCa PC-3 cell line was stably transfected with an AKR1C3 expression construct to establish PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants. Microarray and bioinformatics analysis were performed to identify AKR1C3-mediated pathways of activation and their potential biological consequences in PC-3 cells. Western blot analysis, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and an in vitro Matrigel angiogenesis assays were applied to validate the pro-angiogenic activity of PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants identified by bioinformatics analysis. Results Microarray and bioinformatics analysis suggested that overexpression of AKR1C3 in PC-3 cells modulates estrogen and androgen metabolism, activates insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and Akt signaling pathways, as well as promotes tumor angiogenesis and aggressiveness. Levels of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and Akt activation as well as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and secretion were significantly elevated in PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants in comparison to PC3-mock transfectants. PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants also promoted endothelial cell (EC) tube formation on Matrigel as compared to the AKR1C3-negative parental PC-3 cells and PC3-mock transfectants. Pre-treatment of PC3-AKR1C3 transfectants with a selective IGF-1R kinase inhibitor (AG1024) or a non-selective phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) abolished ability of the cells to promote EC tube formation. Conclusions Bioinformatics analysis followed by functional genomics demonstrated that AKR1C3 overexpression promotes angiogenesis and aggressiveness of PC-3 cells. These results also suggest that AKR1C3-mediated tumor angiogenesis is regulated by estrogen and androgen metabolism with subsequent IGF-1R and Akt activation followed by VEGF expression in PCa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail G Dozmorov
- Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, 825 N,E, 13th Street, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73104, USA
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Lau JY, Oliver BG, Baraket M, Beckett EL, Hansbro NG, Moir LM, Wilton SD, Williams C, Foster PS, Hansbro PM, Black JL, Burgess JK. Fibulin-1 is increased in asthma--a novel mediator of airway remodeling? PLoS One 2010; 5:e13360. [PMID: 20967215 PMCID: PMC2954173 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The extracellular matrix is a dynamic and complex network of macromolecules responsible for maintaining and influencing cellular functions of the airway. The role of fibronectin, an extracellular matrix protein, is well documented in asthma. However, the expression and function of fibulin-1, a secreted glycoprotein which interacts with fibronectin, has not been reported. Fibulin-1 is widely expressed in basement membranes in many organs including the lung. There are four isoforms in humans (A–D) of which fibulin-1C and 1D predominate. The objective of this study was to study the expression of fibulin-1 in volunteers with and without asthma, and to examine its function in vitro. Methodology/Principal Findings We used immunohistochemistry and dot-blots to examine fibulin-1 levels in bronchial biopsies, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and serum. Real-time PCR for fibulin-1C and 1D, and ELISA and western blotting for fibulin-1 were used to study the levels in airway smooth muscle cells. The function of fibulin-1C was determined by assessing its role, using an antisense oligonucleotide, in cell proliferation, migration and wound healing. A murine model of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) was used to explore the biological significance of fibulin-1. Levels of fibulin-1 were significantly increased in the serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of 21 asthmatics compared with 11 healthy volunteers. In addition fibulin-1 was increased in asthma derived airway smooth muscle cells and fibulin-1C contributed to the enhanced proliferation and wound repair in these cells. These features were reversed when fibulin-1C was suppressed using an antisense oligomer. In a mouse model of AHR, treatment with an AO inhibited the development of AHR to methacholine. Conclusions Our data collectively suggest fibulin-1C may be worthy of further investigation as a target for airway remodeling in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y. Lau
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brian G. Oliver
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melissa Baraket
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma L. Beckett
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicole G. Hansbro
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lyn M. Moir
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve D. Wilton
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Lung Institute of Western Australia and the Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Carolyn Williams
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Lung Institute of Western Australia and the Centre for Asthma, Allergy and Respiratory Research, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip M. Hansbro
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Disease and Hunter Medical Research Institute, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Judith L. Black
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janette K. Burgess
- Cooperative Research Centre for Asthma and Airways, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- * E-mail:
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Sadlonova A, Bowe DB, Novak Z, Mukherjee S, Duncan VE, Page GP, Frost AR. Identification of molecular distinctions between normal breast-associated fibroblasts and breast cancer-associated fibroblasts. CANCER MICROENVIRONMENT 2009; 2:9-21. [PMID: 19308679 PMCID: PMC2787925 DOI: 10.1007/s12307-008-0017-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Stromal fibroblasts influence the behavior of breast epithelial cells. Fibroblasts derived from normal breast (NAF) inhibit epithelial growth, whereas fibroblasts from breast carcinomas (CAF) have less growth inhibitory capacity and can promote epithelial growth. We sought to identify molecules that are differentially expressed in NAF versus CAF and potentially responsible for their different growth regulatory abilities. To determine the contribution of soluble molecules to fibroblast–epithelial interactions, NAF were grown in 3D, transwell or direct contact co-cultures with MCF10AT epithelial cells. NAF suppressed proliferation of MCF10AT in both direct contact and transwell co-cultures, but this suppression was significantly greater in direct co-cultures, indicating involvement of both soluble and contact factors. Gene expression profiling of early passage fibroblast cultures identified 420 genes that were differentially expressed in NAF versus CAF. Of the eight genes selected for validation by real-time PCR, FIBULIN 1, was overexpressed in NAF, and DICKKOPF 1, NEUREGULIN 1, PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 2, and TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR were overexpressed in CAF. A higher expression of FIBULIN 1 in normal- than cancer-associated fibroblastic stroma was confirmed by immunohistochemistry of breast tissues. Among breast cancers, stromal expression of Fibulin 1 protein was higher in estrogen receptor α-positive cancers and low stromal expression of Fibulin 1 correlated with a higher proliferation of cancer epithelial cells. In conclusion, expression profiling of NAF and CAF cultures identified many genes with potential relevance to fibroblast–epithelial interactions in breast cancer. Furthermore, these early passage fibroblast cultures can be representative of gene expression in stromal fibroblasts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Sadlonova
- Department of Pathology, Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Room 420, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Damon B. Bowe
- Molecular Oncology Research Institute, Tufts-New England Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - Zdenek Novak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Shibani Mukherjee
- Department of Pathology, Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Room 420, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, TX 75390 USA
| | - Virginia E. Duncan
- Department of Pathology, Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Room 420, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Grier P. Page
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
| | - Andra R. Frost
- Department of Pathology, Wallace Tumor Institute, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Room 420, 1824 6th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA
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Li YF, Hu W, Fu SQ, Li JD, Liu JH, Kavanagh JJ. Aromatase inhibitors in ovarian cancer: is there a role? Int J Gynecol Cancer 2008; 18:600-14. [PMID: 17894799 DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1438.2007.01075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen plays a role in ovarian tumorigenesis. Aromatase is the enzyme required for the synthesis of estrogen via conversion of androgen to estrogen, which is the major source of estrogen in postmenopausal women. Aromatase is present in normal ovaries and other tissues (e.g., fat and muscle) as well as in 33-81% tumor tissues of ovarian cancer. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) block estrogen synthesis by inhibiting aromatase activity. In patients with recurrent ovarian cancer, single-agent AI therapy has been shown to elicit clinical response rates of up to 35.7% and stable disease rates of 20-42%. Given the limited treatment options for recurrent ovarian cancer and the favorable safety profile and convenient use, AI is a rational option for prolonging platinum-free interval in recurrent ovarian cancer. Further studies are required to determine the efficacy of combination treatment with AIs and biological agents, determine the benefit of AIs for treating special types of ovarian cancer (e.g., endometrioid type), and identify biomarkers for targeted patient selection. This review summarizes the current epidemiologic, preclinical, and clinical data regarding estrogen's role in ovarian cancer, the expression and regulation of aromatase in this disease, the development and characteristics of the three generations of AIs, and the preclinical and clinical studies of AIs in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Li
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77230, USA
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50
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Park SH, Cheung LWT, Wong AST, Leung PCK. Estrogen regulates Snail and Slug in the down-regulation of E-cadherin and induces metastatic potential of ovarian cancer cells through estrogen receptor alpha. Mol Endocrinol 2008; 22:2085-98. [PMID: 18550773 DOI: 10.1210/me.2007-0512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep process involving dysregulated cell growth and metastasis. Considerable evidence implicates a mitogenic action of estrogen in early ovarian carcinogenesis. In contrast, its influence in the metastatic cascade of ovarian tumor cells remains obscure. In the present study, we showed that 17beta-estradiol (E2) increased the metastatic potential of human epithelial ovarian cancer cell lines. E2 treatment led to clear morphological changes characteristic of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and an enhanced cell migratory propensity. These morphological and functional alterations were associated with changes in the abundance of EMT-related genes. Upon E2 stimulation, expression and promoter activity of the epithelial marker E-cadherin were strikingly suppressed, whereas EMT-associated transcription factors, Snail and Slug, were significantly up-regulated. This up-regulation was attributed to the increase in gene transcription activated by E2. Depletion of endogenous Snail or Slug using small interfering RNA (siRNA) attenuated E2-mediated decrease in E-cadherin. In addition, E2-induced cell migration was also neutralized by the siRNAs, suggesting that both transcription factors are indispensable for the prometastatic actions of E2. More importantly, by using selective estrogen receptor (ER) agonists, forced expression, and siRNA approaches, we identified that E2 triggered the metastatic behaviors exclusively through an ERalpha-dependent pathway. We also showed that ERbeta had an opposing action on ERalpha because the presence of ERbeta completely inhibited the EMT and down-regulation of E-cadherin induced by ERalpha. Collectively, this study provides a compelling argument that estrogen can potentiate tumor progression by EMT induction and highlights the crucial role of ERalpha in ovarian tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hyung Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, 2H-30, 4490 Oak Street, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6H 3V5
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