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Mokhtari K, Peymani M, Rashidi M, Hushmandi K, Ghaedi K, Taheriazam A, Hashemi M. Colon cancer transcriptome. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 180-181:49-82. [PMID: 37059270 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2023.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, methodological innovations have continuously changed transcriptome profiling. It is now feasible to sequence and quantify the transcriptional outputs of individual cells or thousands of samples using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). These transcriptomes serve as a connection between cellular behaviors and their underlying molecular mechanisms, such as mutations. This relationship, in the context of cancer, provides a chance to unravel tumor complexity and heterogeneity and uncover novel biomarkers or treatment options. Since colon cancer is one of the most frequent malignancies, its prognosis and diagnosis seem to be critical. The transcriptome technology is developing for an earlier and more accurate diagnosis of cancer which can provide better protectivity and prognostic utility to medical teams and patients. A transcriptome is a whole set of expressed coding and non-coding RNAs in an individual or cell population. The cancer transcriptome includes RNA-based changes. The combined genome and transcriptome of a patient may provide a comprehensive picture of their cancer, and this information is beginning to affect treatment decision-making in real-time. A full assessment of the transcriptome of colon (colorectal) cancer has been assessed in this review paper based on risk factors such as age, obesity, gender, alcohol use, race, and also different stages of cancer, as well as non-coding RNAs like circRNAs, miRNAs, lncRNAs, and siRNAs. Similarly, they have been examined independently in the transcriptome study of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khatere Mokhtari
- Department of Modern Biology, ACECR Institute of Higher Education (Isfahan Branch), Isfahan, Iran
| | - Maryam Peymani
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Rashidi
- Department Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran; The Health of Plant and Livestock Products Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, 4815733971, Iran
| | - Kiavash Hushmandi
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Division of Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamran Ghaedi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Afshin Taheriazam
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Orthopedics, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mehrdad Hashemi
- Farhikhtegan Medical Convergence Sciences Research Center, Farhikhtegan Hospital Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Genetics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
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Chromatin profile-based identification of a novel ER-positive breast cancer subgroup with reduced ER-responsive element accessibility. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:1208-1222. [PMID: 36725920 PMCID: PMC10050410 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oestrogen receptor (ER) signalling-dependent cancer cell growth is one of the major features of ER-positive breast cancer (BC). Inhibition of ER function is a standard and effective treatment for ER-positive tumours; however, ~20% of patients with ER-positive BC experience early or late recurrence. In this study, we examined intertumour heterogeneity from an epigenetic perspective based on the hypothesis that the intrinsic difference in epigenetic states around ER signalling pathway underlies endocrine therapy resistance. METHODS We performed transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) analysis of 42 BC samples, including 35 ER-positive(+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative(-) and 7 triple-negative tumours. We also reanalysed ATAC-seq data of 45 ER + /HER2 - tumours in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) BC cohort to validate our observations. RESULTS We conducted a comprehensive analysis of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) using ATAC-seq, identifying three subgroups based on chromatin accessibility profiles. We identified a subgroup of ER-positive BCs with a distinctive chromatin accessibility pattern including reduced accessibility to ER-responsive elements (EREs). The same subgroup was also observed in TCGA BC cohort. Despite the reduced accessibility to EREs, the expression of ER and potential ER target genes were not decreased in these tumours. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the existence of a subset of ER-positive BCs with unchanged ER expression but reduced EREs accessibility that cannot be distinguished by conventional immunostaining for ER. Future studies should determine whether these tumours are associated with resistance to endocrine therapy.
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Nassar AH, Abou Alaiwi S, Baca SC, Adib E, Corona RI, Seo JH, Fonseca MAS, Spisak S, El Zarif T, Tisza V, Braun DA, Du H, He M, Flaifel A, Alchoueiry M, Denize T, Matar SG, Acosta A, Shukla S, Hou Y, Steinharter J, Bouchard G, Berchuck JE, O'Connor E, Bell C, Nuzzo PV, Mary Lee GS, Signoretti S, Hirsch MS, Pomerantz M, Henske E, Gusev A, Lawrenson K, Choueiri TK, Kwiatkowski DJ, Freedman ML. Epigenomic charting and functional annotation of risk loci in renal cell carcinoma. Nat Commun 2023; 14:346. [PMID: 36681680 PMCID: PMC9867739 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35833-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
While the mutational and transcriptional landscapes of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are well-known, the epigenome is poorly understood. We characterize the epigenome of clear cell (ccRCC), papillary (pRCC), and chromophobe RCC (chRCC) by using ChIP-seq, ATAC-Seq, RNA-seq, and SNP arrays. We integrate 153 individual data sets from 42 patients and nominate 50 histology-specific master transcription factors (MTF) to define RCC histologic subtypes, including EPAS1 and ETS-1 in ccRCC, HNF1B in pRCC, and FOXI1 in chRCC. We confirm histology-specific MTFs via immunohistochemistry including a ccRCC-specific TF, BHLHE41. FOXI1 overexpression with knock-down of EPAS1 in the 786-O ccRCC cell line induces transcriptional upregulation of chRCC-specific genes, TFCP2L1, ATP6V0D2, KIT, and INSRR, implicating FOXI1 as a MTF for chRCC. Integrating RCC GWAS risk SNPs with H3K27ac ChIP-seq and ATAC-seq data reveals that risk-variants are significantly enriched in allelically-imbalanced peaks. This epigenomic atlas in primary human samples provides a resource for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin H Nassar
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sarah Abou Alaiwi
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sylvan C Baca
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elio Adib
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Rosario I Corona
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ji-Heui Seo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Marcos A S Fonseca
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sandor Spisak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Talal El Zarif
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Viktoria Tisza
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - David A Braun
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA
| | - Heng Du
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Monica He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Abdallah Flaifel
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michel Alchoueiry
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Denize
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sayed G Matar
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Andres Acosta
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Sachet Shukla
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yue Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- Translational Immunogenomics Lab, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Steinharter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gabrielle Bouchard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Jacob E Berchuck
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Edward O'Connor
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Connor Bell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Pier Vitale Nuzzo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Gwo-Shu Mary Lee
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Michelle S Hirsch
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mark Pomerantz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Elizabeth Henske
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Alexander Gusev
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
- McGraw/Patterson Center for Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Kate Lawrenson
- Women's Cancer Research Program at the Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Center for Bioinformatics and Functional Genomics, Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Toni K Choueiri
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - David J Kwiatkowski
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Matthew L Freedman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
- The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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Phosphorylation-mediated interaction between human E26 transcription factor 1 and specific protein 1 is required for tumor cell migration. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1441-1452. [PMID: 36305724 PMCID: PMC9828152 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors, human E26 transcription factor 1 (Ets1) and specific protein 1 (Sp1), are known to induce gene expression in tumorigenicity. High Ets1 expression is often associated with colorectal tumorigenesis. In this study, we discover that metastasis and clone formation in SW480 cells mainly depend on the direct interaction between Ets1 and Sp1 instead of high Ets1 expression. The interaction domains are further addressed to be the segment at Sp1(626-708) and the segment at Ets1(244-331). In addition, the phosphorylation inhibition of Ets1 at Tyr283 by either downregulation of Src kinase or Src family inhibitor treatment decreases the interaction between Sp1 and Ets1 and suppresses SW480 migration. Either administration or overexpression of the peptides harboring the interaction segment strongly inhibits the colony formation and migration of SW480 cells. Our findings suggest that the interaction between Ets1 and Sp1 rather than Ets1 alone promotes transformation in SW480 cells and provide new insight into the Ets1 and Sp1 interaction as an antitumour target in SW480 cells.
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Vishnoi K, Ke R, Viswakarma N, Srivastava P, Kumar S, Das S, Singh SK, Principe DR, Rana A, Rana B. Ets1 mediates sorafenib resistance by regulating mitochondrial ROS pathway in hepatocellular carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:581. [PMID: 35789155 PMCID: PMC9253325 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are on a rise in the Western countries including US, attributed mostly to late detection. Sorafenib has been the first-line FDA-approved drug for advanced unresectable HCC for almost a decade, but with limited efficacy due to the development of resistance. More recently, several other multi-kinase inhibitors (lenvatinib, cabozantinib, regorafenib), human monoclonal antibody (ramucirumab), and immune checkpoint inhibitors (nivolumab, pembrolizumab) have been approved as systemic therapies. Despite this, the median survival of patients is not significantly increased. Understanding of the molecular mechanism(s) that govern HCC resistance is critically needed to increase efficacy of current drugs and to develop more efficacious ones in the future. Our studies with sorafenib-resistant (soraR) HCC cells using transcription factor RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays revealed an increase in E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) transcription factor in all soraR cells. HCC TMA studies showed an increase in Ets-1 expression in advanced HCC compared to the normal livers. Overexpression or knocking down Ets-1 modulated sorafenib resistance-related epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and cell survival. In addition, the soraR cells showed a significant reduction of mitochondrial damage and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) generation, which were antagonized by knocking down Ets-1 expression. More in-depth analysis identified GPX-2 as a downstream mediator of Ets-1-induced sorafenib resistance, which was down-regulated by Ets-1 knockdown while other antioxidant pathway genes were not affected. Interestingly, knocking down GPX2 expression significantly increased sorafenib sensitivity in the soraR cells. Our studies indicate the activation of a novel Ets-1-GPX2 signaling axis in soraR cells, targeting which might successfully antagonize resistance and increase efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Vishnoi
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Rong Ke
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Navin Viswakarma
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Piush Srivastava
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Subhasis Das
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Sunil Kumar Singh
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Daniel R. Principe
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Ajay Rana
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.280892.90000 0004 0419 4711Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
| | - Basabi Rana
- grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.185648.60000 0001 2175 0319University of Illinois Hospital and Health Sciences System Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612 USA ,grid.280892.90000 0004 0419 4711Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612 USA
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Pouryahya M, Oh JH, Javanmard P, Mathews JC, Belkhatir Z, Deasy JO, Tannenbaum AR. aWCluster: A Novel Integrative Network-Based Clustering of Multiomics for Subtype Analysis of Cancer Data. IEEE/ACM TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY AND BIOINFORMATICS 2022; 19:1472-1483. [PMID: 33226952 PMCID: PMC9518829 DOI: 10.1109/tcbb.2020.3039511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable growth of multi-platform genomic profiles has led to the challenge of multiomics data integration. In this study, we present a novel network-based multiomics clustering founded on the Wasserstein distance from optimal mass transport. This distance has many important geometric properties making it a suitable choice for application in machine learning and clustering. Our proposed method of aggregating multiomics and Wasserstein distance clustering (aWCluster) is applied to breast carcinoma as well as bladder carcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, renal carcinoma, lung non-small cell adenocarcinoma, and endometrial carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas project. Subtypes were characterized by the concordant effect of mRNA expression, DNA copy number alteration, and DNA methylation of genes and their neighbors in the interaction network. aWCluster successfully clusters all cancer types into classes with significantly different survival rates. Also, a gene ontology enrichment analysis of significant genes in the low survival subgroup of breast cancer leads to the well-known phenomenon of tumor hypoxia and the transcription factor ETS1 whose expression is induced by hypoxia. We believe aWCluster has the potential to discover novel subtypes and biomarkers by accentuating the genes that have concordant multiomics measurements in their interaction network, which are challenging to find without the network inference or with single omics analysis.
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7
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Zhao J, Liu B, Li X. A transcription factor signature predicts the survival of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12433. [PMID: 34966575 PMCID: PMC8667743 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare endocrine cancer that manifests as abdominal masses and excessive steroid hormone levels and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Transcription factors (TFs) deregulation is found to be involved in adrenocortical tumorigenesis and cancer progression. This study aimed to construct a TF-based prognostic signature for the prediction of survival of ACC patients. Methods The gene expression profile and clinical information for ACC patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA, training set) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, validation set) datasets after obtained 1,639 human TFs from a previously published study. The univariate Cox regression analysis was applied to identify the survival-related TFs and the LASSO Cox regression was conducted to construct the TF signature based on these survival-associated TFs candidates. Then, multivariate analysis was used to reveal the independent prognostic factors. Furthermore, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) was performed to analyze the significance of the TFs constituting the prognostic signature. Results LASSO Cox regression and multivariate Cox regression identified a 13-TF prognostic signature comprised of CREB3L3, NR0B1, CENPA, FOXM1, E2F2, MYBL2, HOXC11, ZIC2, ZNF282, DNMT1, TCF3, ELK4, and KLF6. The risk score based on the TF signature could classify patients into low- and high-risk groups. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that patients in the high-risk group had significantly shorter overall survival (OS) compared to the low-risk patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves showed that the prognostic signature predicted the OS of ACC patients with good sensitivity and specificity both in the training set (AUC > 0.9) and the validation set (AUC > 0.7). Furthermore, the TF-risk score was an independent prognostic factor. Conclusions Taken together, we identified a 13-TF prognostic marker to predict OS in ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Pediatrics Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, Jilin, China
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Tsai CL, Jung SM, Chi LM, Tsai CN, Lin CY, Chao A, Lee YS. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta (GSK3β)-mediated phosphorylation of ETS1 promotes progression of ovarian carcinoma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:13739-13763. [PMID: 34023818 PMCID: PMC8202891 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
ETS1 - an evolutionarily conserved transcription factor involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes - is overexpressed in several malignancies, including ovarian cancer. Most studies on ETS1 expression have been focused on the transcriptional and RNA levels, with post-translational control mechanisms remaining relatively unexplored in the pathogenesis of malignancies. Here, we show that ETS1 forms a complex with glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β). Specifically, GSK3β-mediated phosphorylation of ETS1 at threonine 265 and serine 269 promoted protein stability, induced the transcriptional activation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, and increased cell migration. In vivo experiments revealed that a GSK3β inhibitor was able to suppress both endogenous ETS1 expression and induction of MMP-9 expression. Upon generation of a specific antibody against phosphorylated ETS1, we demonstrated that phospho-ETS1 immunohistochemical expression in ovarian cancer specimens was correlated with that of MMP-9. Notably, the cumulative overall survival of patients with low phospho-ETS1 histoscores was significantly longer than that of those showing higher scores. We conclude that the GSK3β/ETS1/MMP-9 axis may regulate the biological aggressiveness of ovarian cancer and can serve as a prognostic factor in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Lung Tsai
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Jung
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Neu Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, Chang-Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chiao-Yun Lin
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Angel Chao
- Gynecologic Cancer Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou Medical Center, and Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shien Lee
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Ming Chuan University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Puzovic V, Jakic-Razumovic J. Expression of E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS-1) in tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is adverse prognostic factor in invasive breast cancer. Breast Dis 2021; 40:25-31. [PMID: 33459689 DOI: 10.3233/bd-200449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The microenvironment depicts the relationship between tumour cells and immune response, and every insight into stromal lymphocytes could contribute to explain their role and activity. E26 transformation specific-1 (ETS-1) is a transcription factor that is active in cell proliferation. We analysed its immunohistochemical expression in tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in invasive breast cancer and correlated its immunohistochemical score (IHS) to traditional predictive and prognostic factors and survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS The sample contains data of 121 patients with invasive breast cancer, not otherwise specified (NOS) who underwent mammectomy and lymphadenectomy in 2002 at the Clinical Hospital Centre Zagreb, Croatia. Paraffin blocks of the tumour tissue were collected from the pathological archive. Three representative areas of every patient were chosen and multiple tissue samples were made. Immunohistochemical staining with rabbit anti-ETS-1 (Novocastra, UK) and the ABC method was performed on a DAKO Autostainer. The expression of ETS-1 in stromal TILs was analysed on an Olympus 41 microscope. The IHS score was calculated and correlated with clinical and pathological parameters, as well as disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). RESULTS In almost all patients (95%), some expression of ETS-1 in TILs was found. A moderate/high score of ETS-1 correlated with larger tumour size and higher histological grade, high proliferation index and low progesterone receptors (PgR). The patients with moderate/high ETS-1 expression in TILs had shorter DFS than patients with weak/negative ETS-1 expression. CONCLUSION In invasive breast cancer NOS, expression of ETS-1 in TILs is an adverse prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Velibor Puzovic
- Department of Pathology and Cytology, General Hospital Dubrovnik, Dubrovnik, Croatia
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10
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Khan A, Khan T, Nasir SN, Ali SS, Suleman M, Rizwan M, Waseem M, Ali S, Zhao X, Wei DQ. BC-TFdb: a database of transcription factor drivers in breast cancer. Database (Oxford) 2021; 2021:baab018. [PMID: 33882119 PMCID: PMC8060005 DOI: 10.1093/database/baab018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are DNA-binding proteins, which regulate many essential biological functions. In several cancer types, TF function is altered by various direct mechanisms, including gene amplification or deletion, point mutations, chromosomal translocations, expression alterations, as well as indirectly by non-coding DNA mutations influencing the binding of the TF. TFs are also actively involved in breast cancer (BC) initiation and progression. Herein, we have developed an open-access database, BC-TFdb (Breast Cancer Transcription Factors database), of curated, non-redundant TF involved in BC. The database provides BC driver TFs related information including genomic sequences, proteomic sequences, structural data, pathway information, mutations information, DNA binding residues, survival and therapeutic resources. The database will be a useful platform for researchers to obtain BC-related TF-specific information. High-quality datasets are downloadable for users to evaluate and develop computational methods for drug designing against BC. Database URL: https://www.dqweilab-sjtu.com/index.php.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Taimoor Khan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
| | - Syed Nouman Nasir
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP 19200, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shujait Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Suleman
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP 19200, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Science, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Ali
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, KP 19200, Pakistan
| | - Xia Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Qing Wei
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biological Statistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Shanghai-Islamabad-Belgrade Joint Innovation Center on Antibacterial Resistances, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences and School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, P.R. China
- Peng Cheng Laboratory, Vanke Cloud City Phase I Building 8, Xili Street, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, P.R. China
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11
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Cheng Q, Wu Y, Xia H, Song X. RGL2 as an age-dependent factor regulates colon cancer progression. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2190-2201. [PMID: 33995912 PMCID: PMC8102141 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colon cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death, and exhibited clinical differences among patients of different ages, including malignancy, metastasis, and mortality rate. Few studies, however, focus on the communications between aging and colon cancer. Here we identified age-dependent differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in colon cancer using TCGA transcriptome data. Through analyzing multi-omics high throughput data, including ATAC-Seq, DNaseI-Seq and ChIP-Seq, we obtained six age-dependent transcription factors in colon cancer, and their age-dependent targets, significantly affecting patients' overall survivals. Transcription factor ETS1 potentially functioned in both aging process and colon cancer progression through regulating its targets, RGL2 and SLC2A3. In addition, comparing with its relative lower expression levels in elderly patients, higher levels of RGL2 were detected in young patients, and significantly associated with larger tumor size, higher metastasis, and invasions of colon cancer, consistent with the clinical traits that young patients' colon cancer exhibited late stages with more aggressiveness. Thus, these elements may serve as keys linking aging and colon cancer, and providing new insights and basis for mechanism researches, as well as diagnosis and therapies of colon cancer, especially in young patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Yupeng Wu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Bengbu Medical College, 2600 Donghai Avenue, Bengbu, Anhui, 233030, China
| | - Honghai Xia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Membraneless Organelles and Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China
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12
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Kim GC, Lee CG, Verma R, Rudra D, Kim T, Kang K, Nam JH, Kim Y, Im SH, Kwon HK. ETS1 Suppresses Tumorigenesis of Human Breast Cancer via Trans-Activation of Canonical Tumor Suppressor Genes. Front Oncol 2020; 10:642. [PMID: 32477936 PMCID: PMC7239993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ETS1 has shown dichotomous roles as an oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene in diverse cancers, but its functionality in breast cancer tumorigenesis still remains unclear. We utilized the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to analyze comprehensive functions of ETS1 in human breast cancer (BRCA) patients by investigating its expression patterns and methylation status in relation to clinical prognosis. ETS1 expression was significantly diminished by hyper-methylation of the ETS1 promoter region in specimens from BRCA patients compared to a healthy control group. Moreover, ETS1high BRCA patients showed better prognosis and longer survival compared to ETS1low BRCA patients. Consistent with clinical evidence, comparative transcriptome analysis combined with CRISPR/Cas9 or shRNA based perturbation of ETS1 expression revealed direct as well as indirect mechanisms of ETS1 that hinder tumorigenesis of BRCA cells. Taken together, our study enlightens a novel function of ETS1 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gi-Cheon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Choong-Gu Lee
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Ravi Verma
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Dipayan Rudra
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea
| | - Taemook Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Keunsoo Kang
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Sciences, Dankook University, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jong Hee Nam
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Young Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sin-Hyeog Im
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology (AIM), Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Pohang, South Korea.,Division of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
| | - Ho-Keun Kwon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Institute for Immunology and Immunological Diseases, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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13
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Chen H, Ma X, Yang M, Wang M, Li L, Huang T. Transcription Factor Profiling to Predict Recurrence-Free Survival in Breast Cancer: Development and Validation of a Nomogram to Optimize Clinical Management. Front Genet 2020; 11:333. [PMID: 32391054 PMCID: PMC7193038 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in young women. Several prognostic and predictive transcription factor (TF) markers have been reported for BC; however, they are inconsistent due to small datasets, the heterogeneity of BC, and variation in data pre-processing approaches. This study aimed to identify an effective predictive TF signature for the prognosis of patients with BC. We analyzed the TF data of 868 patients with BC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to investigate TF biomarkers relevant to recurrence-free survival (RFS). These patients were separated into training and internal validation datasets, with GSE2034 and GSE42568 used as external validation sets. A nine-TF signature was identified as crucially related to the RFS of patients with BC by univariate Cox proportional hazard analysis, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis in the training dataset. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that the nine-TF signature could significantly distinguish high- and low-risk patients in both the internal validation dataset and the two external validation sets. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis further verified that the nine-TF signature showed a good performance for predicting the RFS of patients with BC. In addition, we developed a nomogram based on risk score and lymph node status, with C-index, ROC, and calibration plot analysis, suggesting that it displays good performance and clinical value. In summary, we used integrated bioinformatics approaches to identify an effective predictive nine-TF signature which may be a potential biomarker for BC prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengyu Chen
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianxiong Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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14
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Breast cancer invasion and progression by MMP-9 through Ets-1 transcription factor. Gene 2019; 711:143952. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.143952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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15
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Nazir SU, Kumar R, Dil-Afroze, Rasool I, Bondhopadhyay B, Singh A, Tripathi R, Singh N, Khan A, Tanwar P, Agrawal U, Mehrotra R, Hussain S. Differential expression of Ets-1 in breast cancer among North Indian population. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:14552-14561. [PMID: 31016780 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a highly aggressive disease contributing to high mortality rate among females across the globe owing to wide geographical variations, change in lifestyle along with rapid tumor growth, drug resistance, and high metastasis rate. To understand the molecular and genetic basis of breast cancer progression; we studied the role of E26 transformation-specific-1 (Ets-1) transcription factor which is implicated to have a role in carcinogenesis like invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, etc. Our findings revealed an overexpression of Ets-1 gene in 75 breast cancer tumors as compared with their normal adjacent tissues. The findings significantly established a co-relation between Ets-1 expression in breast cancer tissue with hormonal receptor profiles and ductal-lobular histological subtypes in Indian population. In addition, a differential expression pattern of Ets-1 was observed between high, moderate, and low grades of breast cancer patients. The present study demonstrates a crucial role of Ets-1 transcription factor which may serve as a potential biomarker for breast carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheeraz Un Nazir
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India.,Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, Bundelkhand University, Jhansi, UP, India
| | - Dil-Afroze
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Ishrat Rasool
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Medicine, Sher-I- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Soura, Srinagar, Kashmir, India
| | - Banashree Bondhopadhyay
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Richa Tripathi
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Neha Singh
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenberg University, Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Asiya Khan
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pranay Tanwar
- Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Usha Agrawal
- National Institute of Pathology, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Ravi Mehrotra
- Division of Cytopathology, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
| | - Showket Hussain
- Division of Molecular Oncology and Head, Cellular & Molecular Diagnostics, National Institute of Cancer Prevention & Research, Indian Council of Medical Research, Noida, India
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16
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Upregulation of Ets1 expression by NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA promotes breast cancer cell invasiveness. Oncogenesis 2018; 7:91. [PMID: 30467308 PMCID: PMC6250664 DOI: 10.1038/s41389-018-0101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is highly aggressive and is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in women in developed countries. The ETS proto-oncogene 1 (Ets1) has versatile roles during the cellular processes of cancer development. It is often highly expressed in breast cancers and mediates migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells. However, underlying mechanisms of Ets1 gene expression is still ambiguous. Here, we identified a core-regulatory element (CRE) located in the Ets1 promoter region (−540/−80 bp from TSS) that contains elements responsible for associating with NFATs and NF-κBs. Compared with the less metastatic breast cancer cells, metastatic breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) show open chromatin configurations in the CRE, which facilitates direct binding of NFATc2 and/or NFKB1/RELA complex to trans-activate Ets1 transcription. Moreover, enhanced level of Nfatc2 and Nfkb1 positively correlated with Ets1 expression in the human breast cancer specimens. Deletion of the CRE region by CRISPR/Cas9 system resulted in significant reduction in Ets1 expression, which led to alterations of Ets1-mediated transcription programs including tumor invasiveness-related genes. Proper regulation of Ets1 gene expression by targeting the NFATc2 and NFKB1/RELA interaction could be a potential therapeutic target for Ets1-mediated metastatic breast cancer.
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17
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Furlan A, Vercamer C, Heliot L, Wernert N, Desbiens X, Pourtier A. Ets-1 drives breast cancer cell angiogenic potential and interactions between breast cancer and endothelial cells. Int J Oncol 2018; 54:29-40. [PMID: 30365153 PMCID: PMC6254994 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ets-1 transcription factor overexpression in breast cancers is associated with invasive features and is associated with a poor prognosis. Beyond its role in driving carcinoma cell invasion, in this study, we wished to determine whether Ets-1 overexpression in cancer cells promotes angiogenesis by creating a paracrine pro-invasive environment for endothelial cells as well. To address this question, we set up different co-culture models of cancer cells with endothelial cells. Conditioned media from cancer cells induced endothelial cell proliferation, migration and morphogenesis in matrix models. Of note, co-culture assays in three-dimensional matrix models also revealed the reciprocal induction of cancer cell morphogenesis by endothelial cells, in support of an angiocrine action on tumor cells. Ets-1 emerged as a key regulator of the angiogenic potential of breast cancer cells, favoring their ability to induce, in a paracrine manner, the morphogenesis of endothelial cells and also to physically interact with the latter. Nevertheless, Ets-1 overexpression in cancer cells also restrained their chemoattractive potential for endothelial cells both in Boyden chambers and in ex vivo 3D co-cultures. Finally, Ets-1 modulation in breast cancer cells qualitatively altered the angiogenic pattern of experimental in vivo tumors, with a balance between vessel recruitment and intratumoral small capillaries sprouting. Taken together, our data highlight a critical and intriguing role for Ets-1 in the angiogenic potential of breast cancer cells, and reveal another facet of Ets-1 oncogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- UMR8161 CNRS/University of Lille/Pasteur Institute of Lille, Biology Institute of Lille, F-59021 Lille CEDEX, France
| | - Chantal Vercamer
- UMR8161 CNRS/University of Lille/Pasteur Institute of Lille, Biology Institute of Lille, F-59021 Lille CEDEX, France
| | - Laurent Heliot
- UMR8523 PhLAM, CNRS/University of Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq CEDEX, France
| | - Nicolas Wernert
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn, 53011 Bonn, Germany
| | - Xavier Desbiens
- UMR8161 CNRS/University of Lille/Pasteur Institute of Lille, Biology Institute of Lille, F-59021 Lille CEDEX, France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- UMR8161 CNRS/University of Lille/Pasteur Institute of Lille, Biology Institute of Lille, F-59021 Lille CEDEX, France
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18
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Breunig C, Erdem N, Bott A, Greiwe JF, Reinz E, Bernhardt S, Giacomelli C, Wachter A, Kanthelhardt EJ, Beißbarth T, Vetter M, Wiemann S. TGFβ1 regulates HGF-induced cell migration and hepatocyte growth factor receptor MET expression via C-ets-1 and miR-128-3p in basal-like breast cancer. Mol Oncol 2018; 12:1447-1463. [PMID: 30004628 PMCID: PMC6120235 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. The tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor progression by inducing cell dissemination from the primary tumor and metastasis. TGFβ signaling is involved in breast cancer progression and is specifically elevated during metastatic transformation in aggressive breast cancer. In this study, we performed genomewide correlation analysis of TGFBR2 expression in a panel of 51 breast cancer cell lines and identified that MET is coregulated with TGFBR2. This correlation was confirmed at the protein level in breast cancer cell lines and human tumor tissues. Flow cytometric analysis of luminal and basal‐like breast cancer cell lines and examination of 801 tumor specimens from a prospective cohort of breast cancer patients using reverse phase protein arrays revealed that expression of TGFBR2 and MET is increased in basal‐like breast cancer cell lines, as well as in triple‐negative breast cancer tumor tissues, compared to other subtypes. Using real‐time cell analysis technology, we demonstrated that TGFβ1 triggered hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)‐induced and MET‐dependent migration in vitro. Bioinformatic analysis predicted that TGFβ1 induces expression of C‐ets‐1 as a candidate transcription factor regulating MET expression. Indeed, TGFβ1‐induced expression of ETS1 and breast cancer cell migration was blocked by knockdown of ETS1. Further, we identified that MET is a direct target of miR‐128‐3p and that this miRNA is negatively regulated by TGFβ1. Overexpression of miR‐128‐3p reduced MET expression and abrogated HGF‐induced cell migration of invasive breast cancer cells. In conclusion, we have identified that TGFβ1 regulates HGF‐induced and MET‐mediated cell migration, through positive regulation of C‐ets‐1 and negative regulation of miR‐128‐3p expression in basal‐like breast cancer cell lines and in triple‐negative breast cancer tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Breunig
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nese Erdem
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Alexander Bott
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia F Greiwe
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Eileen Reinz
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Bernhardt
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chiara Giacomelli
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Astrid Wachter
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Eva J Kanthelhardt
- Department of Gynecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Tim Beißbarth
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martina Vetter
- Department of Gynecology, Martin-Luther-University Halle Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wiemann
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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19
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ETS1 is associated with cisplatin resistance through IKKα/NF-κB pathway in cell line MDA-MB-231. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:86. [PMID: 29950928 PMCID: PMC6009945 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platinum-based drugs are used extensively in neoadjuvant chemotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), but their use can be limited by resistance. In this study, we established cisplatin (DDP) resistant TNBC cells to investigate the potential relationship among ETS1, IKKα/NF-κB and resistance. Methods The sensitivity was evaluated by MTT, apoptosis analysis. The intracellular DDP concentration difference was tested by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) method. Molecular pathological mechanism of DDP resistance was explored by microarray analysis and PPI network analysis. The ETS1, NF-κB signaling change were assessed by western blot and q-PCR in vitro and vivo. The existing binds between ETS1 and the core IKKα promoter were found by luciferase assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation technique (ChIP). Results MDA-MB-231/DDP (231/DDP) cell had a higher IC50 value of cisplatin, lower intracellular DDP concentration, and lower apoptosis ratio than MDA-MB-231 (231/wt) cell line treated with DDP. Increased ABC transporters were induced by the activation of NF-κB pathway in 231/DDP cells. ETS1, RPL6, RBBP8, BIRC2, PIK3A and RARS were six important genes for DDP-resistance based on PPI network and expression validation. Protein expression of ETS1 and IKKα were significantly up-regulated in 231/DDP cells. However, inhibition of ETS1 expression enhances chemo-sensitivity to DDP and reversed the activation of NF-κB pathway in 231/DDP cells and subcutaneous transplantation tumor in vivo. Moreover, there is existing binds between ETS1 and the core IKKα promoter though luciferase assay and ChIP. Conclusion This study enables us to understand the functions of ETS1 in TNBC chemotherapy and suggests that ETS1 could be used as a novel marker of poor response to DDP and a potential therapeutic target for TNBC chemotherapy.
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20
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Motalebzadeh J, Shabani S, Rezayati S, Shakournia N, Mirzaei R, Mahjoubi B, Hoseini K, Mahjoubi F. Prognostic Value of FBXO39 and ETS-1 but not BMI-1 in Iranian Colorectal Cancer Patients. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:1357-1362. [PMID: 29802700 PMCID: PMC6031834 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2018.19.5.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite recent progress in diagnosis and treatment, it remains a major health problem and further studies are needed. We here investigated expression profiles of the FBXO39, ETS-1 and BMI-1 genes in CRCs to validate any possible diagnostic/prognostic significance. Material and Methods: Thirty six patients with locally advanced CRC admitted to Hazrate-Rasoul Hospital-Tehran were enrolled. Initially the expression pattern of FBXO39, ETS-1 and BMI-1 genes were determined using RT-PCR in CRC tumor and adjacent normal tissues then real-time RT-PCR was employed to quantify BMI-1 gene expression. Results: FBXO39 expression was restricted to tumor tissues. Interestingly, expression of this gene was detected in all stage-0 tumor samples. There was a significant relation between FBXO39 gene expression and lymph node involvement. The ETS-1 gene was expressed in 66% of all tumor tissues with p-value=0.03 for increase as compared to the adjacent normal samples. In addition, there was a significant relation between ETS-1 gene expression and tumor size and lymph node involvement. RT-PCR demonstrated BMI-1 gene expression in both tumor and normal tissues and quantification by real-time RT-PCR showed no association between BMI-1 levels and CRC clinicopathological features. Conclusion: Expression of FBXO39 and ETS-1 with lymph node involvement may be considered as an alarm for the occurrence of CRC metastasis, and therfore have prognostic value while BMI-1 appears without importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamshid Motalebzadeh
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
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21
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NMI promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression via BDKRB2 and MAPK/ERK pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:12174-12185. [PMID: 28077802 PMCID: PMC5355334 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and aggressive malignant tumors. The involvement of N-myc (and STAT) interactor (NMI) and its possible functional mechanisms in HCC progression still remain to be elucidated. In this study, we found that NMI was overexpressed in metastatic HCC cell lines compared with non-metastatic ones; and the expression levels of NMI in the HCC samples with metastasis were higher than that in the non-metastatic specimens. Furthermore, NMI depletion significantly decreased HCC cell proliferation and invasiveness in vitro, and also inhibited tumor growth and lung metastasis in vivo in nude mice models bearing human HCC. By contrast, NMI stable overexpression can enhance the malignant behaviors obviously. Moreover, we further verified that NMI promotes the expression of BDKRB2 and mediates the activation of MAPK/ERK signaling pathway according to the bidirectional perturbations of NMI expression in vivo or in vitro of HCC. Taken together, NMI is a pro-metastatic molecule and partially responsible for HCC tumor growth and motility. NMI could improve its downstream target BDKRB2 expression to induce ERK1/2 activation, and thereby further evoke malignant progression of HCC.
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Sizemore GM, Pitarresi JR, Balakrishnan S, Ostrowski MC. The ETS family of oncogenic transcription factors in solid tumours. Nat Rev Cancer 2017; 17:337-351. [PMID: 28450705 DOI: 10.1038/nrc.2017.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Findings over the past decade have identified aberrant activation of the ETS transcription factor family throughout all stages of tumorigenesis. Specifically in solid tumours, gene rearrangement and amplification, feed-forward growth factor signalling loops, formation of gain-of-function co-regulatory complexes and novel cis-acting mutations in ETS target gene promoters can result in increased ETS activity. In turn, pro-oncogenic ETS signalling enhances tumorigenesis through a broad mechanistic toolbox that includes lineage specification and self-renewal, DNA damage and genome instability, epigenetics and metabolism. This Review discusses these different mechanisms of ETS activation and subsequent oncogenic implications, as well as the clinical utility of ETS factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Sizemore
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 598 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Jason R Pitarresi
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 598 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Subhasree Balakrishnan
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 598 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - Michael C Ostrowski
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, The Ohio State University, 598 Biomedical Research Tower, 460 W. 12th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Ray U, Roy Chowdhury S, Vasudevan M, Bankar K, Roychoudhury S, Roy SS. Gene regulatory networking reveals the molecular cue to lysophosphatidic acid-induced metabolic adaptations in ovarian cancer cells. Mol Oncol 2017; 11:491-516. [PMID: 28236660 PMCID: PMC5527468 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Extravasation and metastatic progression are two main reasons for the high mortality rate associated with cancer. The metastatic potential of cancer cells depends on a plethora of metabolic challenges prevailing within the tumor microenvironment. To achieve higher rates of proliferation, cancer cells reprogram their metabolism, increasing glycolysis and biosynthetic activities. Just why this metabolic reprogramming predisposes cells towards increased oncogenesis remains elusive. The accumulation of myriad oncolipids in the tumor microenvironment has been shown to promote the invasiveness of cancer cells, with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) being one such critical factor enriched in ovarian cancer patients. Cellular bioenergetic studies confirm that oxidative phosphorylation is suppressed and glycolysis is increased with long exposure to LPA in ovarian cancer cells compared with non‐transformed epithelial cells. We sought to uncover the regulatory complexity underlying this oncolipid‐induced metabolic perturbation. Gene regulatory networking using RNA‐Seq analysis identified the oncogene ETS‐1 as a critical mediator of LPA‐induced metabolic alterations for the maintenance of invasive phenotype. Moreover, LPA receptor‐2 specific PtdIns3K‐AKT signaling induces ETS‐1 and its target matrix metalloproteases. Abrogation of ETS‐1 restores cellular bioenergetics towards increased oxidative phosphorylation and reduced glycolysis, and this effect was reversed by the presence of LPA. Furthermore, the bioenergetic status of LPA‐treated ovarian cancer cells mimics hypoxia through induction of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α, which was found to transactivate ets‐1. Studies in primary tumors generated in syngeneic mice corroborated the in vitro findings. Thus, our study highlights the phenotypic changes induced by the pro‐metastatic factor ETS‐1 in ovarian cancer cells. The relationship between enhanced invasiveness and metabolic plasticity further illustrates the critical role of metabolic adaptation of cancer cells as a driver of tumor progression. These findings reveal oncolipid‐induced metabolic predisposition as a new mechanism of tumorigenesis and propose metabolic inhibitors as a potential approach for future management of aggressive ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Upasana Ray
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shreya Roy Chowdhury
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Kiran Bankar
- Bionivid Technology Private Limited, Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sib Sankar Roy
- Cell Biology and Physiology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
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Abdellaoui Maane I, El Hadi H, Qmichou Z, Al Bouzidi A, Bakri Y, Sefrioui H, Dakka N, Moumen A. Evaluation of Combined Quantification of PCA3 and AMACR Gene Expression for Molecular Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer in Moroccan Patients by RT-qPCR. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 17:5229-5235. [PMID: 28125866 PMCID: PMC5454663 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2016.17.12.5229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the most widespread and perplexing of all human malignancies. Assessment of gene expression is thought to have an important impact on cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic decisions. In this context, we explored combined expression of PCa related target genes AMACR and PCA3 in 126 formalin fixed paraffin embedded prostate tissues (FFPE) from Moroccan patients, using quantitative real time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-qPCR). This quantification required data normalization accomplished using stably expressed reference genes (RGs). A panel of twelve RG was assessed, data being analyzed using GenEx V6 based on geNorm, NormFinder and statistical methods. Accordingly, the hnRNP A1 gene was identified and selected as the most stably expressed RG for reliable and accurate gene expression quantification in prostate tissues. The ratios of both PCA3 and AMACR gene expression relative to that of the hnRNP A1 gene were calculated and the performance of each target gene for PCa diagnosis was evaluated using receiver-operating characteristics. PCA3 and AMACR mRNA quantification based on RT-qPCR may prove useful in PCa diagnosis. Of particular interesting, combining PCA3 and AMACR quantification improved PCa prediction by increasing sensitivity with retention of good specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Abdellaoui Maane
- MASCIR: Moroccan Foundation for Advanced Science, Innovation and Research, Rabat, Morocco.
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Zhang X, Wu D, Aldarouish M, Yin X, Li C, Wang C. ETS-1: A potential target of glycolysis for metabolic therapy by regulating glucose metabolism in pancreatic cancer. Int J Oncol 2016; 50:232-240. [PMID: 27878249 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most lethal malignancies of all types of cancer due to lack of early symptoms and its resistance to conventional therapy. In our previous study, we have shown that v‑ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog‑1 (ETS‑1) promote cell migration and invasion in pancreatic cancer cells. However, the function of ETS‑1 in regulation of glycolysis and autophagy during progression of pancreatic cancer has not been defined yet. In this study, we sought to identify the potential role for silencing ETS‑1 in reducing the expression of glucose transporter‑1 (GLUT‑1) to disturb glycolysis through alteration of 'Warburg effect', by which could result in AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, autophagy induction and reduction of cell viability. MTT assay was applied to assess the cell viability in ETS‑1 silencing cells and control groups. Glucose absorption rate, lactate production rate and cellular ATP level were measured by standard colorimetric assay kits. The levels of mRNAs of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, autophagy‑related gene 5 (ATG5) and ATG7 were analyzed by qRT‑PCR. The expression of ETS‑1, GLUT‑1, ATG5, ATG7, p‑AMPK, and LC3II proteins were evaluated by western blot analysis. GraphPad Prism 5.0 was used for all statistical analysis. We found that cell viability was obviously attenuated after silencing ETS‑1. Besides, our results also showed that the expression of GLUT‑1 significantly declined in ETS‑1 silencing cell lines which resulted in a lower glucose utilization and lactate production. Furthermore, the inhibition of glycolysis, which depends on glucose utilization and lactate production, reduced the generation of energy in the form of ATP. Moreover, the reduction of cellular ATP was associated with stimulation of AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK) and induction of autophagy. Our results indicated that ETS‑1 induced autophagy after inhibition of glycolysis, and thus led to comparative decrease of cell viability. These results implied that ETS‑1 could be a potential target for tumor metabolic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, Jiangsu 224000, P.R. China
| | - Mohanad Aldarouish
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Yin
- Department of Oncology, Binhai People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224500, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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26
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Jung HH, Lee SH, Kim JY, Ahn JS, Park YH, Im YH. Statins affect ETS1-overexpressing triple-negative breast cancer cells by restoring DUSP4 deficiency. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33035. [PMID: 27604655 PMCID: PMC5015082 DOI: 10.1038/srep33035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the molecular mechanisms underlying statin-induced growth suppression of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) that overexpress the transcription factor ets proto-oncogene 1(ets-1) and downregulate dual specific protein phosphatase 4(dusp4) expression. We examined the gene expression of BC cell lines using the nCounter expression assay, MTT viability assay, cell proliferation assay and Western blot to evaluate the effects of simvastatin. Finally, we performed cell viability testing in TNBC cell line-transfected DUSP4. We demonstrated that ETS1 mRNA and protein were overexpressed in TNBC cells compared with other BC cell lines (P = <0.001) and DUSP4 mRNA was downregulated (P = <0.001). MTT viability assay showed that simvastatin had significant antitumor activity (P = 0.002 in 0.1 μM). In addition, simvastatin could restore dusp4 deficiency and suppress ets-1 expression in TNBC. Lastly, we found that si-DUSP4 RNA transfection overcame the antitumor activity of statins. MAPK pathway inhibitor, U0126 and PI3KCA inhibitor LY294002 also decreased levels of ets-1, phosphor-ERK and phosphor-AKT on Western blot assay. Accordingly, our study indicates that simvastatin potentially affects the activity of transcriptional factors such as ets-1 and dusp4 through the MAPK pathway. In conclusion, statins might be potential candidates for TNBC therapy reducing ets-1 expression via overexpression of dusp4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae Hyun Jung
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Soo-Hyeon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Ji-Yeon Kim
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Ahn
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Young-Hyuck Im
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea
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Dittmer J. The role of the transcription factor Ets1 in carcinoma. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35:20-38. [PMID: 26392377 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Revised: 09/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ets1 belongs to the large family of the ETS domain family of transcription factors and is involved in cancer progression. In most carcinomas, Ets1 expression is linked to poor survival. In breast cancer, Ets1 is primarily expressed in the triple-negative subtype, which is associated with unfavorable prognosis. Ets1 contributes to the acquisition of cancer cell invasiveness, to EMT (epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition), to the development of drug resistance and neo-angiogenesis. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge on the functions of Ets1 in carcinoma progression and on the mechanisms that regulate Ets1 activity in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Dittmer
- Clinic for Gynecology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.
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28
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Cao L, Xie B, Yang X, Liang H, Jiang X, Zhang D, Xue P, Chen D, Shao Z. MiR-324-5p Suppresses Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Invasion by Counteracting ECM Degradation through Post-Transcriptionally Downregulating ETS1 and SP1. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133074. [PMID: 26177288 PMCID: PMC4503725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancies, which is highly metastatic and the third common cause of cancer deaths in the world. The invasion and metastasis of cancer cells is a multistep and complex process which is mainly initiated by extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation. Aberrant expression of microRNA has been investigated in HCC and shown to play essential roles during HCC progression. In the present study, we found that microRNA-324-5p (miR-324-5p) was downregulated in both HCC cell lines and tissues. Ectopic miR-324-5p led to the reduction of HCC cells invasive and metastatic capacity, whereas inhibition of miR-324-5p promoted the invasion of HCC cells. Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and MMP9, the major regulators of ECM degradation, were found to be downregulated by ectopic miR-324-5p, while upregulated by miR-324-5p inhibitor. E26 transformation-specific 1 (ETS1) and Specificity protein 1 (SP1), both of which could modulate MMP2 and MMP9 expression and activity, were presented as the direct targets of and downregulated by miR-324-5p. Downregulation of ETS1 and SP1 mediated the inhibitory function of miR-324-5p on HCC migration and invasion. Our study demonstrates that miR-324-5p suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma cell invasion and might provide new clues to invasive HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangqi Cao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Binhui Xie
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Xuewei Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huihong Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Xue
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - De Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zili Shao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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29
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Cao P, Feng F, Dong G, Yu C, Feng S, Song E, Shi G, Liang Y, Liang G. Estrogen receptor α enhances the transcriptional activity of ETS-1 and promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cell in a ligand dependent manner. BMC Cancer 2015; 15:491. [PMID: 26122040 PMCID: PMC4486695 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1495-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that estrogen receptor α (ERα) participates in the pathogenic progress of breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. In neuroblastoma cells and related cancer clinical specimens, moreover, the ectopic expression of ERα has been identified. However, the detailed function of ERα in the proliferation of neuroblastoma cell is yet unclear. METHODS The transcriptional activity of ETS-1 (E26 transformation specific sequence 1) was measured by luciferase analysis. Western blot assays and Real-time RT-PCR were used to examine the expression of ERα, ETS-1 and its targeted genes. The protein-protein interaction between ERα and ETS-1 was determined by co-IP and GST-Pull down assays. The accumulation of ETS-1 in nuclear was detected by western blot assays, and the recruitment of ETS-1 to its targeted gene's promoter was tested by ChIP assays. Moreover, SH-SY5Y cells' proliferation, anchor-independent growth, migration and invasion were quantified using the MTT, soft agar or Trans-well assay, respectively. RESULTS The transcriptional activity of ETS-1 was significantly increased following estrogen treatment, and this effect was related to ligand-mediated activation of ERα. The interaction between the ERα and ETS-1 was identified, and enhancement of ERα activation would up-regulate the ETS-1 transcription factor activity via modulating its cytoplasm/nucleus translocation and the recruitment of ETS-1 to its target gene's promoter. Furthermore, treatment of estrogen increased proliferation, migration and invasion of neuroblastoma cells, whereas the antagonist of ERα reduced those effects. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provided evidences that activation of ERα promoted neuroblastoma cells proliferation and up-regulated the transcriptional activity of ETS-1. By investigating the role of ERα in the ETS-1 activity regulation, we demonstrated that ERα may be a novel ETS-1 co-activator and thus a potential therapeutic target in human neuroblastoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Guofu Dong
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Military Medical Science Academy of the Chinese PLA, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing City, 100850, PR China.
| | - Chunyong Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Sizhe Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Erlin Song
- Department of Urology, General Hospital of the Chinese PLA, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing City, 100853, PR China. .,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research, Ministry of Education, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, PR China.
| | - Guobing Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
| | - Guobiao Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Area Command, Shenyang Northern Hospital, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenhe District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, 110016, PR China.
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WITHDRAWN: MiR-377 affects glioma cells proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion via targeted regulation of Ets-1. J Neurol Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2015.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Li C, Wang Z, Chen Y, Zhou M, Zhang H, Chen R, Shi F, Wang C, Rui Z. Transcriptional silencing of ETS-1 abrogates epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulting in reduced motility of pancreatic cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2014; 33:559-65. [PMID: 25421630 PMCID: PMC4306275 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS-1) plays crucial roles in a spectrum of malignancies. ETS-1 has gained attention in cancer research for its importance in cell migration, invasion and proliferation. In the present study, we focused on the effect of ETS-1 on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is characterized by reduced E-cadherin expression and increased N-cadherin expression. We found that ETS-1 mRNA expression was positively correlated with N-cadherin and negatively correlated with E-cadherin mRNA expression in five pancreatic cancer cell lines. To elucidate the functionality of ETS-1 on EMT in pancreatic cancer cells, we constructed a green fluorescent protein (GFP)-expressing plasmid carrying ETS-1 short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and transfected Panc-1 cells with the plasmid. We detected reduced N-cadherin and vascular endothelial growth factor yet higher E-cadherin expression in the ETS-1-silenced cells compared with the control group. In addition, we observed reduced cell migration and increased adhesion in these cells. Our data showed that ETS-1 actively functioned as a regulator of EMT in Panc-1 cells, and provide additional evidence supporting a fundamental role for ETS-1 in metastatic pancreatic cancer cells. These results suggest that analysis of ETS-1 expression levels may provide an avenue for evaluating prognosis in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zhonghan Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nanjing Government Hospital, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Haijun Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Rong Chen
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Fangfang Shi
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
| | - Zongdao Rui
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, P.R. China
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Osmanbeyoglu HU, Pelossof R, Bromberg JF, Leslie CS. Linking signaling pathways to transcriptional programs in breast cancer. Genome Res 2014; 24:1869-80. [PMID: 25183703 PMCID: PMC4216927 DOI: 10.1101/gr.173039.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells acquire genetic and epigenetic alterations that often lead to dysregulation of oncogenic signal transduction pathways, which in turn alters downstream transcriptional programs. Numerous methods attempt to deduce aberrant signaling pathways in tumors from mRNA data alone, but these pathway analysis approaches remain qualitative and imprecise. In this study, we present a statistical method to link upstream signaling to downstream transcriptional response by exploiting reverse phase protein array (RPPA) and mRNA expression data in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) breast cancer project. Formally, we use an algorithm called affinity regression to learn an interaction matrix between upstream signal transduction proteins and downstream transcription factors (TFs) that explains target gene expression. The trained model can then predict the TF activity, given a tumor sample’s protein expression profile, or infer the signaling protein activity, given a tumor sample’s gene expression profile. Breast cancers are comprised of molecularly distinct subtypes that respond differently to pathway-targeted therapies. We trained our model on the TCGA breast cancer data set and identified subtype-specific and common TF regulators of gene expression. We then used the trained tumor model to predict signaling protein activity in a panel of breast cancer cell lines for which gene expression and drug response data was available. Correlations between inferred protein activities and drug responses in breast cancer cell lines grouped several drugs that are clinically used in combination. Finally, inferred protein activity predicted the clinical outcome within the METABRIC Luminal A cohort, identifying high- and low-risk patient groups within this heterogeneous subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice U Osmanbeyoglu
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Raphael Pelossof
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jacqueline F Bromberg
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA;
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Lu G, Zhang Q, Huang Y, Song J, Tomaino R, Ehrenberger T, Lim E, Liu W, Bronson RT, Bowden M, Brock J, Krop IE, Dillon DA, Gygi SP, Mills GB, Richardson AL, Signoretti S, Yaffe MB, Kaelin WG. Phosphorylation of ETS1 by Src family kinases prevents its recognition by the COP1 tumor suppressor. Cancer Cell 2014; 26:222-34. [PMID: 25117710 PMCID: PMC4169234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oncoproteins and tumor suppressors antagonistically converge on critical nodes governing neoplastic growth, invasion, and metastasis. We discovered that phosphorylation of the ETS1 and ETS2 transcriptional oncoproteins at specific serine or threonine residues creates binding sites for the COP1 tumor suppressor protein, which is an ubiquitin ligase component, leading to their destruction. In the case of ETS1, however, phosphorylation of a neighboring tyrosine residue by Src family kinases disrupts COP1 binding, thereby stabilizing ETS1. Src-dependent accumulation of ETS1 in breast cancer cells promotes anchorage-independent growth in vitro and tumor growth in vivo. These findings expand the list of potential COP1 substrates to include proteins whose COP1-binding sites are subject to regulatory phosphorylation and provide insights into transformation by Src family kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ying Huang
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jiaxi Song
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ross Tomaino
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Tobias Ehrenberger
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Elgene Lim
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Roderick T Bronson
- Rodent Histopathology Core, Dana Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Center for Molecular Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jane Brock
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ian E Krop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Deborah A Dillon
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Andrea L Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sabina Signoretti
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Michael B Yaffe
- Department of Biology, Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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Li W, Zang W, Liu P, Wang Y, Du Y, Chen X, Deng M, Sun W, Wang L, Zhao G, Zhai B. MicroRNA-124 inhibits cellular proliferation and invasion by targeting Ets-1 in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:10897-904. [PMID: 25085587 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2402-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that, by targeting certain messenger RNAs (mRNAs) for translational repression or cleavage, can regulate the expression of these genes. In addition, miRNAs may also function as oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, as the abnormal expression of miRNAs is associated with various human tumors. However, the effects of the expression of miR-124 in breast cancer remain unclear. The present study was conducted to study the expression of miR-124 in breast cancer, paying particular attention to miR-124's relation to the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in breast cancer cell MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to identify miR-124 that was down-regulated in breast cancer tissues. We also showed E26 transformation specific-1 (Ets-1) and miR-124 expression levels in breast cancer tissues that were associated with lymph node metastases. With transfected synthetic miR-124 agomir into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, a significant reduction (P < 0.05) in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and colony forming potential was observed after treatment with miR-124. Apoptosis and migration rates were found to be significantly higher in two breast-derived cell lines transfected with a miR-124 agomir (P < 0.05). Luciferase reporter assay and Western blot were used to verify Ets-1 as a potential major target gene of miR-124, and the result showed that miR-124 can bind to putative binding sites within the Ets-1 mRNA 3' untranslated region (UTR) to reduce its expression. Based on these findings, we propose that miR-124 and Ets-1 may serve as a therapeutic agent in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, The People's Hospital of Henan Province (The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University), No. 7 Weiwu Road, Zhengzhou, 450003, China
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Zhu M, Li M, Zhang F, Feng F, Chen W, Yang Y, Cui J, Zhang D, Linghu E. FBI-1 enhances ETS-1 signaling activity and promotes proliferation of human colorectal carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98041. [PMID: 24857950 PMCID: PMC4032333 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we investigated a potential regulatory role of FBI-1 in transcription factor activity of ETS-1. The protein interaction was identified between ETS-1 and FBI-1 in lovo cells. The accumulating data showed that FBI-1 promoted the recruitment of ETS-1 to endogenous promoter of its target genes and increase ETS-1 accumulation in the nuclear. Our work also indicated that the FBI-1 enhances ETS-1 transcription factor activity via down-regulating p53-mediated inhibition on ETS-1. Further, FBI-1 plays a role in regulation of colorectal carcinoma cells proliferation. These findings supported that FBI-1 might be a potential molecule target for treating colorectal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhu
- Department of oncology, Nan Lou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Mingyang Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Nan Lou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Tumor Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Fan Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Command, Shenyang, P. R. China
| | - Weihao Chen
- Department of Urology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yutao Yang
- Beijing Institute for Neuroscience, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Cui
- Department of Cancer and cell Biology, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Dong Zhang
- Department of oncology, Nan Lou Division, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (EL)
| | - Enqiang Linghu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, P. R. China
- * E-mail: (DZ); (EL)
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Furlan A, Vercamer C, Bouali F, Damour I, Chotteau-Lelievre A, Wernert N, Desbiens X, Pourtier A. Ets-1 controls breast cancer cell balance between invasion and growth. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2317-28. [DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Furlan
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Chantal Vercamer
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Fatima Bouali
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Isabelle Damour
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Anne Chotteau-Lelievre
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Nicolas Wernert
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital of Bonn; 53011 Bonn Germany
| | - Xavier Desbiens
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
| | - Albin Pourtier
- UMR-8161 CNRS/Université Lille-1/Université Lille-2/Institut Pasteur de Lille, Institut de Biologie de Lille; BP 447 F-59021 Lille Cedex France
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Wei J, Zhou Y, Jiang GQ, Xiao D. Silencing of ETS1 reverses adriamycin resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells via downregulation of MDR1. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:22. [PMID: 24602286 PMCID: PMC3995875 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-14-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Clinical resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is one of the major hindrances in the treatment of human cancers. Erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (ETS1) is involved in the drug resistance of various cancer cells, and is overexpressed in drug-resistant human breast cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated the effects of ETS1 on adriamycin resistance in MCF-7/ADR cells. Methods siRNAs against ETS1 or negative control siRNAs was transfected to MCF-7/ADR breast cancer cells. Reverse transcription-PCR and Western blotting were used to determine the mRNA and protein expression of ETS1 and MDR1. The cytotoxicity of adriamycin was assessed using the MTT assay. Drug efflux was investigated by flow cytometry using the Rhodamine 123 intracellular accumulation assay. Results ETS1 mRNA and protein was significantly overexpressed in MCF-7/ADR cells, compared to MCF-7 cells. ETS1 siRNA successfully silenced ETS1 mRNA and protein expression. Silencing of ETS1 also significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of MDR1 (multidrug resistance 1; also known as ABCB1, P-glycoprotein/P-gp), which is a major ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter linked to multi-drug resistance in cancer cells. Silencing of ETS1 significantly increased the sensitivity of MCF-7/ADR cells to adriamycin, compared to cells transfected with negative control siRNA. In addition, intracellular accumulation of Rhodamine 123 significantly increased in MCF-7/ADR cells transfected with ETS1 siRNA, indicating that silencing of ETS1 may reduce drug efflux. Conclusions This study demonstrates that drug resistance can be effectively reversed in adriamycin-resistant breast carcinoma cells through delivery of siRNAs targeting ETS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinrong Wei
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated of Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, Yancheng, Jiangsu 224005, China
| | - Guo-Qin Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated of Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Department Urology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical College, University of Pittsburgh, Shadyside Medical Center, Suit G37, 5200 Center Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
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Findlay VJ, LaRue AC, Turner DP, Watson PM, Watson DK. Understanding the role of ETS-mediated gene regulation in complex biological processes. Adv Cancer Res 2014; 119:1-61. [PMID: 23870508 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-407190-2.00001-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ets factors are members of one of the largest families of evolutionarily conserved transcription factors, regulating critical functions in normal cell homeostasis, which when perturbed contribute to tumor progression. The well-documented alterations in ETS factor expression and function during cancer progression result in pleiotropic effects manifested by the downstream effect on their target genes. Multiple ETS factors bind to the same regulatory sites present on target genes, suggesting redundant or competitive functions. The anti- and prometastatic signatures obtained by examining specific ETS regulatory networks will significantly improve our ability to accurately predict tumor progression and advance our understanding of gene regulation in cancer. Coordination of multiple ETS gene functions also mediates interactions between tumor and stromal cells and thus contributes to the cancer phenotype. As such, these new insights may provide a novel view of the ETS gene family as well as a focal point for studying the complex biological control involved in tumor progression. One of the goals of molecular biology is to elucidate the mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of cancer. Such an understanding of the molecular basis of cancer will provide new possibilities for: (1) earlier detection, as well as better diagnosis and staging of disease; (2) detection of minimal residual disease recurrences and evaluation of response to therapy; (3) prevention; and (4) novel treatment strategies. Increased understanding of ETS-regulated biological pathways will directly impact these areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Findlay
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hollings Cancer Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
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Ross JS, Linette GP, Stec J, Clark E, Ayers M, Leschly N, Symmans WF, Hortobagyi GN, Pusztai L. Breast cancer biomarkers and molecular medicine: part II. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2014; 4:169-88. [PMID: 14995904 DOI: 10.1586/14737159.4.2.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this second part of the two-part review of breast cancer biomarkers and molecular medicine, the first section will consider additional breast cancer prognostic factors, including oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, cell adhesion molecules, invasion-associated proteins and proteases, hormone receptor proteins, drug resistance proteins, apoptosis regulators, transcription factors, telomerase, DNA repair and methylation and transcriptional profiling using high-density genomic microarrays. The second section will consider the prediction of therapy response using the techniques of pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Ross
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, MC 80 Albany Medical College, 47 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
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Verschoor ML, Singh G. Ets-1 regulates intracellular glutathione levels: key target for resistant ovarian cancer. Mol Cancer 2013; 12:138. [PMID: 24238102 PMCID: PMC3842663 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-12-138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is characterized by high rates of metastasis and therapeutic resistance. Many chemotherapeutic agents rely on the induction of oxidative stress to cause cancer cell death, thus targeting redox regulation is a promising strategy to overcome drug resistance. Methods We have used a tetracycline-inducible Ets-1 overexpression model derived from 2008 ovarian cancer cells in the present study. To examine the role of Ets-1 in glutathione regulation we have measured intracellular reactive oxygen species and glutathione levels, as well as glutathione peroxidase enzyme activity. Glutathione synthesis was limited using transsulfuration or Sxc- pathway blocking agents, and glutamate release was measured to confirm Sxc- blockade. Cell viability following drug treatment was assessed via crystal violet assay. Oxidative stress was induced through glucose oxidase treatment, which produces hydrogen peroxide by glucose oxidation. The protein expressions of redox-related factors were measured through western blotting. Results Overexpression of Ets-1 was associated with decreased intracellular ROS, concomitantly with increased intracellular GSH, GPX antioxidant activity, and Sxc- transporter activity. Under basal conditions, inhibition of the transsulfuration pathway resulted in decreased GSH levels and GPX activity in all cell lines, whereas inhibition of Sxc- by sulfasalazine decreased GPX activity in Ets-1-expressing cells only. However, under oxidative stress the intracellular GSH levels decreased significantly in correlation with increased Ets-1 expression following sulfasalazine treatment. Conclusions In this study we have identified a role for proto-oncogene Ets-1 in the regulation of intracellular glutathione levels, and examined the effects of the anti-inflammatory drug sulfasalazine on glutathione depletion using an ovarian cancer cell model. The findings from this study show that Ets-1 mediates enhanced Sxc- activity to increase glutathione levels under oxidative stress, suggesting that Ets-1 could be a promising putative target to enhance conventional therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gurmit Singh
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario 12943, Canada.
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Wan SM, Peng P, Guan T. Ets-1 regulates its target genes mainly by DNA methylation in human ovarian cancer. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2013; 33:877-81. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2013.820268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Verschoor ML, Verschoor CP, Singh G. Ets-1 global gene expression profile reveals associations with metabolism and oxidative stress in ovarian and breast cancers. Cancer Metab 2013; 1:17. [PMID: 24280356 PMCID: PMC4178218 DOI: 10.1186/2049-3002-1-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Ets-1 proto-oncogene is frequently upregulated in cancer cells, with known involvement in cancer angiogenesis, metastasis, and more recently energy metabolism. In this study we have performed various bioinformatic analyses on existing microarray data to further clarify the role of Ets-1 in ovarian cancer, and validated these results with functional assays. Methods Functional pathway analyses were conducted on existing microarray data comparing 2008 and 2008-Ets1 ovarian cancer cells. Methods included over-representation analysis, functional class scoring and pathway topology, and network representations were visualized in Cytoscape. Oxidative stress regulation was examined in ovarian cancer cells by measuring protein expression and enzyme activity of glutathione peroxidases, as well as intracellular reactive oxygen species using dichlorofluorescin fluorescence. A stable Ets-1 knockdown MDA-MB-231 cell line was created using short hairpin RNA, and glycolytic dependence of these cells was measured following treatment with 2-deoxy-D-glucose and Hoechst nuclear staining to determine cell number. High-resolution respirometry was performed to measure changes in basal oxygen flux between MDA-MB-231 cells and MDA-Ets1KD variants. Results Enrichments in oxidoreductase activity and various metabolic pathways were observed upon integration of the different analyses, suggesting that Ets-1 is important in their regulation. As oxidative stress is closely associated with these pathways, we functionally validated our observations by showing that Ets-1 overexpression resulted in decreased reactive oxygen species with increased glutathione peroxidase expression and activity, thereby regulating cellular oxidative stress. To extend our findings to another cancer type, we developed an Ets-1 knockdown breast cancer cell model, which displayed decreased glycolytic dependence and increased oxygen consumption following Ets-1 knockdown confirming our earlier findings. Conclusions Collectively, this study confirms the important role of Ets-1 in the regulation of cancer energy metabolism in ovarian and breast cancers. Furthermore, Ets-1 is a key regulator of oxidative stress in ovarian cancer cells by mediating alterations in glutathione antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L Verschoor
- Department of Medical Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street W, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 3Z5, Canada.
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Kalet BT, Anglin SR, Handschy A, O’Donoghue LE, Halsey C, Chubb L, Korch C, Duval DL. Transcription factor Ets1 cooperates with estrogen receptor α to stimulate estradiol-dependent growth in breast cancer cells and tumors. PLoS One 2013; 8:e68815. [PMID: 23874775 PMCID: PMC3706316 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to explore the role of transcription factor Ets1 in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer progression. We expressed human Ets1 or empty vector in four human ERα-positive breast cancer cell lines and observed increased colony formation. Further examination of cellular responses in stable Ets1-expressing MCF7 clones displayed increased proliferation, migration, and invasion. Ets1-expressing MCF7 tumors grown in the mammary fat pads of nude mice exhibited increased rates of tumor growth (7.36±2.47 mm(3)/day) compared to control MCF7 tumors (2.52±1.70 mm(3)/day), but maintained their dependence on estradiol for tumor growth. Proliferation marker Ki-67 staining was not different between control and Ets1-expressing tumors, but Ets1-expressing tumors exhibited large necrotic centers and elevated apoptotic staining. Ets1 was shown to cooperate with ERα and the p160 nuclear receptor coactivator (NCOA/SRC) family to increase activation of a consensus estrogen response element luciferase reporter construct. Ets1-expressing MCF7 cells also exhibited elevated expression of the ERα target genes, progesterone receptor and trefoil factor 1. Using GST-pulldown assays, Ets1 formed stable complexes containing both ERα and p160 nuclear receptor coactivators. Taken together, these data suggest that the Ets1-dependent estradiol sensitization of breast cancer cells and tumors may be partially due to the ability of Ets1 to cooperate with ERα and nuclear receptor coactivators to stimulate transcriptional activity of estrogen-dependent genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian T. Kalet
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Sara R. Anglin
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Anne Handschy
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Liza E. O’Donoghue
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Charles Halsey
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Laura Chubb
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Christopher Korch
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Dawn L. Duval
- Flint Animal Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America
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Switzer CH, Cheng RYS, Ridnour LA, Glynn SA, Ambs S, Wink DA. Ets-1 is a transcriptional mediator of oncogenic nitric oxide signaling in estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res 2012; 14:R125. [PMID: 22971289 PMCID: PMC4053102 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Ets-1 transcription factor is a candidate breast cancer oncogene that regulates the expression of genes involved in tumor progression and metastasis. Ets-1 signaling has also been linked to the development of a basal-like breast cancer phenotype. We recently described a nitric oxide (NO)-induced gene signature that is associated with poor disease outcome in estrogen receptor-negative (ER-) breast cancer and contains both stem cell-like and basal-like components. Thus, we examined the role of Ets-1 in NO signaling and NO-induced phenotypes in ER- human breast cancer cells. Methods Promoter region analyses were performed on genes upregulated in inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2) high expressing tumors for Ets-binding sites. In vitro mechanisms were examined in human basal-like breast cancer cells lines. NO signaling effects were studied using either forced NOS2 expression or the use of a chemical NO-donor, diethlylenetriamine NONOate (DETANO). Results Promoter region analysis of genes that are up-regulated in human ER-negative breast tumors with high NOS2 expression revealed that the Ets-binding sequence is the only common promoter element present in all of these genes, indicating that Ets-1 is the key transcriptional factor down-stream of oncogenic NOS2-signaling. Accordingly, both forced NOS2 over-expression and exposure to NO-donors resulted in significant Ets-1 transcriptional activation in ER- breast cancer cells. Functional studies showed that NO activated Ets-1 transcriptional activity via a Ras/MEK/ERK signaling pathway by a mechanism that involved Ras S-nitrosylation. RNA knock-down of Ets-1 suppressed NO-induced expression of selected basal-like breast cancer markers such as P-cadherin, S100A8, IL-8 and αβ-crystallin. Additionally, Ets-1 knock-down reduced NO-mediated cellular proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase and cathepsin B activities, as well as matrigel invasion. Conclusions These data show that Ets-1 is a key transcriptional mediator of oncogenic NO signaling that promotes the development of an aggressive disease phenotype in ER- breast cancer in an Ets-1 and Ras-dependent manner, providing novel clues of how NOS2 expression in human breast tumors is functionally linked to poor patient survival.
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del Rey M, O'Hagan K, Dellett M, Aibar S, Colyer HAA, Alonso ME, Díez-Campelo M, Armstrong RN, Sharpe DJ, Gutiérrez NC, García JL, De Las Rivas J, Mills KI, Hernández-Rivas JM. Genome-wide profiling of methylation identifies novel targets with aberrant hypermethylation and reduced expression in low-risk myelodysplastic syndromes. Leukemia 2012; 27:610-8. [PMID: 22936014 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2012.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Gene expression profiling signatures may be used to classify the subtypes of Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients. However, there are few reports on the global methylation status in MDS. The integration of genome-wide epigenetic regulatory marks with gene expression levels would provide additional information regarding the biological differences between MDS and healthy controls. Gene expression and methylation status were measured using high-density microarrays. A total of 552 differentially methylated CpG loci were identified as being present in low-risk MDS; hypermethylated genes were more frequent than hypomethylated genes. In addition, mRNA expression profiling identified 1005 genes that significantly differed between low-risk MDS and the control group. Integrative analysis of the epigenetic and expression profiles revealed that 66.7% of the hypermethylated genes were underexpressed in low-risk MDS cases. Gene network analysis revealed molecular mechanisms associated with the low-risk MDS group, including altered apoptosis pathways. The two key apoptotic genes BCL2 and ETS1 were identified as silenced genes. In addition, the immune response and micro RNA biogenesis were affected by the hypermethylation and underexpression of IL27RA and DICER1. Our integrative analysis revealed that aberrant epigenetic regulation is a hallmark of low-risk MDS patients and could have a central role in these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M del Rey
- Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
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46
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Wei W, Hu Z, Fu H, Tie Y, Zhang H, Wu Y, Zheng X. MicroRNA-1 and microRNA-499 downregulate the expression of the ets1 proto-oncogene in HepG2 cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:701-6. [PMID: 22664953 DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.1850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs may function to promote or suppress tumor development, depending on the cellular context. The important role of microRNAs in regulating molecular pathways underlying tumorigenesis has been emphasized in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MicroRNAs regulate gene expression via post-transcriptional mechanisms by inhibiting translation or by degrading mRNA. In this study, we show that microRNA-1 (miR-1) and microRNA-499 (miR-499) are capable of repressing the expression of the ets1 proto-oncogene, which plays a fundamental role in the extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, a process required for tumor cell invasion and migration. We used luciferase reporter assays to demonstrate that miR-1 and miR-499 target the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of ets1. Overexpression of miR-1 and miR-499 in HepG2 cells led to downregulation of ets1 mRNA and protein as assessed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and western blot analysis. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-1 and miR-499 inhibited the invasion and migration of HepG2 cells in matrigel invasion and transwell migration assays, respectively. These results suggest that miR-1 and miR-499 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HCC by regulating ets1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wei
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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47
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Karolak A, van der Vaart A. Importance of local interactions for the stability of inhibitory helix 1 in apo Ets-1. Biophys Chem 2012; 165-166:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2012.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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48
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Ishido M, Miyata H, Ishizawa KI, Murase M, Hondou T. Transcriptional effects of 50 Hz magnetic fields at 1.2 μT and 100 μT on human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/344/1/012007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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49
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Smith AM, Findlay VJ, Bandurraga SG, Kistner-Griffin E, Spruill LS, Liu A, Golshayan AR, Turner DP. ETS1 transcriptional activity is increased in advanced prostate cancer and promotes the castrate-resistant phenotype. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:572-80. [PMID: 22232738 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced disease accounts for the majority of prostate cancer-related deaths and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for these patients. Many patients undergoing ADT become resistant to its effects and progress to castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Current therapies for CRPC patients are inadequate, with progression-free survival rates as low as 2 months. The molecular events that promote CRPC are poorly understood. ETS (v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene) transcription factors are regulators of carcinogenesis. Protein levels of the archetypical ETS factor, ETS1, are increased in clinical and latent prostate cancer relative to benign prostatic hyperplasia and normal prostate to promote multiple cancer-associated processes, such as energy metabolism, matrix degradation, survival, angiogenesis, migration and invasion. Our studies have found that ETS1 expression is highest in high-grade prostate cancer (Gleason 7 and above). Increased ETS1 expression and transcriptional activity promotes an aggressive and castrate-resistant phenotype in immortalized prostate cancer cells. Elevated AKT (v-akt murine thymoma viral oncogene homolog) activity was demonstrated to increase ETS1 protein levels specifically in castrate-resistant cells and exogenous ETS1 expression was sufficient to rescue invasive potential decreased by inhibition of AKT activity. Significantly, targeted androgen receptor activity altered ETS1 expression, which in turn altered the castrate-resistant phenotype. These data suggest a role for oncogenic ETS1 transcriptional activity in promoting aggressive prostate cancer and the castrate-resistant phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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50
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Calli AO, Sari A, Cakalagaoglu F, Altinboga AA, Oncel S. ETS-1 proto-oncogene as a key newcomer molecule to predict invasiveness in laryngeal carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2011; 207:628-33. [PMID: 21940109 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2011.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 06/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
ETS-1 protein is one of the key regulators in tumor invasion and progression. We aimed to evaluate the role of ETS-1 in the invasiveness and progression of laryngeal squamous carcinoma, as well as to determine the correlations between clinicopathological characteristics and expression of this molecule. We assessed the levels of ETS-1 in a total of 96 laryngeal specimens of varying degrees of dysplasia, microinvasive squamous carcinoma (8), and invasive squamous carcinoma (60), using normal mucosal epithelium (10) as a positive control. The relationship between ETS-1 expression and clinicopathological parameters of laryngeal carcinoma was also analyzed. We found a significantly higher ETS-1 expression in invasive laryngeal squamous cell carcinomas than in dysplasia (P<0.001). A correlation between ETS-1 expression scores and grade was detected - T factor, stage, cartilage invasion, lymph node metastasis, as well as depth of invasion in laryngeal tumors. Our study is the first to demonstrate that ETS-1 expression is significantly increased in invasive carcinoma, but it is absent in low-moderate grade laryngeal dysplasia and non-neoplastic laryngeal mucosa. This data suggest that ETS-1 expression may play an important role in tumor invasion, and may function in the initiation of the invasive process in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aylin Orgen Calli
- Izmir Training and Research Hospital, Department of Pathology, Yesilyurt, Turkey.
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